Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1995 305238 304485 2026-08-14T19:17:55Z Keder jn 45001 /* */ 305238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Awdal | native_name = {{native name|so|italics=no|Awdal}} <br /> {{native name|ar|italics=no|أودَل}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobol]] | image_skyline = [[File:Zayla.jpg|280px]] | imagesize = | image_caption = Burburkii Muslimiinta [[Cadal Sultanate|Suldaanka Cadal]] ee [[Saylac]] | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | motto = [[waxbarasho]], [[Nabad]] iyo [[Barwaaqo]]. | image_map = Awdal in Somaliland.svg | mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map =Somaliland | map_caption = Goobta Somaliland. | coordinates = {{coord|10|48|3|N|43|21|7|E|type:adm1st_region:SO|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag| Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = June 1984 | seat_type = [[Xarunta maamulka]] | seat = [[Boorama]] | government_type = Goboleed | leader_title = [[Gudoomiyaha Awdal|Gudoomiye]] | leader_name = [[Muxumed Xasan Jaamac]] (Tiimbaro)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protests turn violent in Borama: demonstrators seek justice for fallen coast guard officer |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/191199/protests_turn_violent_in_borama_demonstrators_seek_justice_for_fallen_coast%C2%A0guard%C2%A0officer.aspx |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 21,374 | elevation_m = 2,136 | elevation_ft = | population_total = 636108 | population_as_of = 2024, estimate<ref name=ipc2024>{{Cite web|url=https://fsnau.org/downloads/Somalia-2024-Post-Gu-Acute-Food-Insecurity-Rural-Urban-and-IDP-Population-Stressed-Crisis-and-Emergency-%28Projection-Oct-Dec-2024%29.pdf|title=IPC Population Estimates: Projection (Oct-Dec 2024)|author=|date=|work=IPC|access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 30<!--636108/21374--> | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.401<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#500|low}} · [[Liiska gobollada Soomaaliya marka loo eego Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|3aad]] | area_code = +252 | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | official_name = | iso_code = SO-AW | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_max_ft = 8,635 | population_density_urban_km2 = <!--287,822 no source--> }} '''Awdal'''([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Awdal, [[Carabi]]: أودَل) waa gobol ku yaalo Galbeed ka dalka [[Somaliland|Somalia]]<ref name="Cwfsom">{{cite web |title = Somalia |work = The World Factbook |publisher = Central Intelligence Agency |location = Langley, Virginia |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |accessdate = 6 December 2013 |ciwaan = Nuqul Archive |archive-date = 1 Bisha Todobaad 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref name="Awr">{{cite web | title = Awdal Region | url = http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/121024_Administrative_Map_Awdal_A4.pdf | accessdate = 30 January 2014 }}</ref>. Awdal waxay ka go'day gobolka [[Woqooyi Galbeed]] ayna noqotay gobol [[1984]]. <ref>{{Cite web | url = https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | title = Population Estimation Survey 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | archive-date = 4 August 2017 }}</ref> . Dhinaca bariga waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[saaxil]] Dhinaca GalbeedKa waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Jabuuti]] , koonfurta waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Itoobiya]] iyo Dhinaca woqooyiga neh [[Gacanka Cadmeed]]<ref>E. H. M. Clifford, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785556 "The British Somalia-Ethiopia Boundary", ''Geographical Journal''] , Vol. 87, No. 4 (Apr. 1936), p. 296</ref>. Gobolka waxaa ku nool dad lagu qiyaasey 673,263 oo qof<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | title = Population Estimation Survey 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | archive-date = 4 August 2017 | url-status = }}</ref>. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay lix degmo [[Boorama]] oo ah xarunta gobolka, Burco, Allaybaday iyo Oodweine ==Hordhac== Gobolkan waa gobol taariikh dheer leh oo xadaarad suldaanimo, boqortooyo iyo ismaamul dheer soo lahaa mudo aad u dheer. Boqortooyada [[Adal]] waxay ka mid tahay awooodihii ugu caansanaa ee ka soo talin jirey gobolka Awdal. Awdal waxaa magaalo madax u ah caasimada [[Boorama]], oo ah magaalada ugu weyn gobolka. Gobolkan waa gobolada ugu horumarsan woqooyiga gaar ahaan woqooyi galbeed, xag dhaqaale, waxbarsho, diineed iyo isgaadhsiineedba. ==Sharaxaada== [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|Burburkii Saldanadii Adal ee Saylac Somaliland .]] Awdal (أودل) waxa ay magaceeda ka soo qaadatay Adal Sultanate (عَدَل) dhexe oo asalkeedu ahaa Saylac . Dhulka ku teedsan xuduudka Itoobiya waa magaalo aad u badan oo burbursan, taasoo uu ku tilmaamay sahamiye Ingiriis ah Richard F. Burton . Geology ahaan, inta badan gobolka Awdal waxay ku yaalliin saxanka Carabta . ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Gobolka Awdal waxa dega inta badan beesha Gadabuursi oo ka mid ah beelaha Dir kuwaas oo si gaar ah u matala oo loo tixgeliyo inay yihiin beesha ugu badan ee gobolka. Federico Battera (2005) wuxuu ka sheegay Gobolka Awdal: "Awdal waxa dega inta badan ururka Gadabuursi ee beelaha." Warbixin ay soo saartay Qaramada Midoobay oo ay daabacday Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1999), ayaa ku sheegtay Awdal: "Beesha Gadabuursi ayaa ka talisa gobolka Awdal, taasina waxay keentay in siyaasadda gobolka Awdal ay ku dhowdahay inay la mid tahay arrimaha beelaha Gadabuursi." Roland Marchal (1997) wuxuu sheegay in tiro ahaan, Gadabuursigu ay yihiin dadka ugu badan ee deggan Gobolka Awdal: "Tirada Gadabuursi ee Awdal waxay hubaal ka dhigaysaa in danaha Gadabuursi ay wadaan siyaasadda gobolka." Marleen Renders iyo Ulf Terlinden (2010) labaduba waxay sheegeen in Gadabuursigu ay si gaar ah u deggan yihiin Gobolka Awdal: “Awdal ee galbeedka Somaliland waxay u dhaxaysaa Jabuuti, Itoobiya iyo dhulweynaha Somaliland ee Isaaqu degan yahay, waxa deggen ugu horrayn saddexda beelood ee beesha Gadabuursi ka kooban tahay, kuwaas oo hay’adoodii dhaqanku ka badbaadeen gumaysigii, dawladnimadii Soomaaliya iyo dagaalladii ka dhacayna si wanaagsan bay u socdaan, welina si habsami ah u shaqaynaya, aadna ugu xidhan nabadgelyada guud. Waxa kale oo jira tiro aad u tiro yar oo ka tirsan beesha Ciise ee Dir oo inta badan degta degmada Saylac. ==Degmooyinka Gobolka== Gobolkani waxa uu ka koobanyahay shan degmo oo kala ah * [[Boorama]] * [[Baki]] * [[Lughaya]] * [[Saylac]] * [[Dilla]] * [[Quljeed]] * [[Boon]] * [[Xariirad]] * [[Weeraar]] * [[Jirjir]] * [[Cali Xaydh]] * [[Bus]] * Siimodi * Goroyo cawl * Abuqees * Garboraaxo * Gebilay * Wajaale * kalabayadh ==Taariikhda== ===British Somaliland, Soomaaliya=== [[File:British_Somaliland_Districts.png|thumb|Qaybaha maamulka ee British Somaliland sida lagu sheegay buug lagu daabacay UK 1951kii]] British Somaliland , Awdal maanta waxa la odhan jiray degmada Saylac-Boorama iyadoo laga duulayo magaaladii ugu weynayd ee gobolka. Abbaarihii 1964kii waxa la isku daray degmooyinka Berbera, Boorama iyo Hargeysa oo laga dhigay gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed (Hargeysa). 1984kii, dawladdii Soomaaliya ayaa aasaastay gobolka Awdal. Laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii sideetamaadkii, Soomaaliya waxa ay ku jirtay xaalad dagaal sokeeye. Gobolada Waqooyi Galbeed ee Soomaaliya waxaa hubkii qaatay jabhadii SNM oo ahayd urur siyaasi ah oo beesha Isaaq ka soo horjeeday. Ugu horrayn Maleeshiyo beeleedka Gadabuursi waxay ka barbar dagaalameen dawladdii Soomaaliya ee SNM. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, SNM ayaa dagaal ku qaaday, waxaana bishii January 1991-kii dagaallo ka dhacay Dilla oo ka tirsan Awdal , SNM-tuna ay ku guulaysatay oo ay soo gaadhay ilaa Boorama . Hase yeeshee, ka dib, beesha Gadabuursi waxay heshiis la gashay SNM, SNM-tuna waxay ka baxday Awdal goor hore. ===Dib ula soo noqoshada madax-banaanida Somaliland=== [[File:Sheikh-ibrahim-boorama-conference.jpg|thumb|Shirwaynihii Balaadhnaa Ee Boorama]] May 1991, SNM waxay ku dhawaaqday dib ula soo noqoshada madax-banaanida Qaranka Somaliland . Beesha Gabadulsi ma aysan rabin arinkaas, balse waxay la kaashadeen gooni isu taagga Somaliland, iyagoo ka duulaya rabitaankooda nabadda iyo in SNM ay ka sarreyso ciidan ahaan. Intaa ka dib, beesha Gabadulshi waxay iska kaashadeen xasilinta Somaliland, waxayna u dhaqmeen sidii gacan saddexaad oo dhex dhexaadin ah oo dhex dhexaadin ah beelaha Isaaq. Shirweynihii 1993-kii ee dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Boorama ee gobolka Awdal. Sannadkii 2000 waxa la xidhay madaarka Boorama . 2002 ilaa 2010, Madaxweynaha Somaliland wuxuu ahaa Daahir Riyaale Kaahin , oo ka soo jeeda beesha Gadabuursi. Bishii March 2008, Madaxweynaha Somaliland waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in deegaanka Saylac ee gobolka Awdal ka tirsan la kala saari doono si loo sameeyo gobolka Salal. Hase yeeshee, ma ansixin golaha wakiilada Somaliland, waxaana dib loo xaqiijiyey in Saylac ay ku sugan tahay gobolka Awdal iyada oo laga dhaqangelinayo “Xeerkii Dawladaha Hoose ee 2019” January 2020. Bishii February 2009, waxa dagaal ku dhex maray beesha Reer Xareed ee degmada Gabiley iyo beesha Reer Nuur ee gobolka Awdal, waxaana ku dhintay laba qof. Colaadda labada beelood waxay soo bilaabatay 1998. Bishii Luulyo 2009, magaalada Boorama ee Awdal waxaa ka dhacay rabshado ka dhashay dagaal beeleed, waxaana ku dhintay afar qof. Bishii Sebtembar 2010, ciidan ka kooban 300 oo askari oo loo malaynayo inay ka tirsan yihiin Jabhadda Waddaniga Xoraynta Ogaadeenya , ayaa ku soo duulay aagga u dhexeeya Lughaya iyo Saylac ee Awdal, balse waxa ku hareeraysan ciidanka Somaliland. June 2012, Rashid Hersi, oo ku nool magaalada Barrhaven , Ottawa, Canada, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Awdal ay xorowday, isla markaana loo magacaabay madaxweyne. Bishii February 2013, Suldaan Ibraahim Jaamac Samatar oo ka mid ah Madax-dhaqameedka Awdal, ayaa Maxamed Nuur Carraale , Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Somaliland ku dhaliilay inuu faro-gelin ku hayo doorashadii Golaha Deegaanka Saylac, isla markaana uu ammaanka bulshada ka sii daray. Bishii April 2013, Badhasaabka Awdal waxa uu dhaliilay dhalinyarada tirada badan ee ka tahriibaysa Somaliland ee u tahriibaya dalalka kale, waxaanu xusay in loo baahan yahay in la xakameeyo. ===Jabhada Suldaan Wabar=== Bishii Agoosto 2013, Suldaan Abubakar Wabar, oo ah Ugaaska beesha Jibriil Yoonis ee beesha Gadabuursi, ayaa xukuumadda Somaliland ku dhaliilay inay khalkhal gelinayso nabadgelyada guud ee Awdal iyo Salal, Somaliland. In March 2014, Suldaan Ciise Suldaan C/laahi Suldaan Cumar was inaugurated as one of the Gadabuursi clan chiefs in Hayayaabe, west of Borama . On December 5th 2014, the Jibriil Yoonis clan leader Suldaan Abuubakar Wabar ayaa hogaaminaya ciidan galay buuraha kuna dhawaaqay in ay ka madax banaan yihiin dawlada Somaliland. Dhinaca kale Suldaan Saleebaan Cali Ismaaciil oo isna ka mid ah salaadiinta beelaha Awdal ayaa dhaliilay tallaabada Wabar uu qaaday, isagoo sheegay in maamulka Awdal loo daayo Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland oo isagu ka soo jeeda Awdal. Dhanka kale, golaha guurtida Awdal ayaa booqasho ku tagay magaalada Hargeysa ee xarunta Somaliland, waxayna codsadeen in Awdal laga siiyo matalaad cadaalad ah . March 18,2015, Waxgarad,Ganacsato,Siyaasiyiin ayaa isugu yimi guriga Suldaan Wabar,waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay Somaliland ka xoraynayaan Gobolka Awdal, kuna biirayaan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. March 28, 2015 dhawr maleeshiyo ah oo ka damqaday Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi ayaa isu soo dhiibay maamulka gobolka Awdal ee Somaliland. Bishii April 2015, xukuumadda Somaliland waxay xidhay lix ka mid ah 40-kii xubnood ee guddida uu dhisay Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi. Bishii Oktoobar 2015, rabshado ayaa ka dhacay garoonka kubadda cagta ee Boorama, waxaana ku dhintay hal qof oo rayid ah markii ay isku dhaceen ciidamada booliska. Maalintii xigtay ayaa guriga taliyaha booliska Boorama la weeraray oo dab la qabadsiiyay, dabadeedna wuu gubtay. Bishii Oktoobar 2015, labada Itoobiya iyo Somaliland waxay bilaabeen hawlgallo ay kaga soo saarayaan malleeshiyada raacsan Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi, oo fadhigoodu yahay meel u dhow xuduudka. Bishii November 2015, Suldaan Wabar ayaa ka baxay Somaliland, wuxuuna dib ugu laabtay Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyadoo ku dhawaad ​​70-kii maleeshiyo ee raacay Wabar lagu daray ciidamada Somaliland. Bishii December 2016, waxa Awdal ka dhacay khasaare abaareed oo ka dhashay roob la’aan xilli roobaadkii. December 27, 2016 waxaa la sheegay in Suldaan Abuubakar Wabar oo ah ugaaska beesha Jibriil Yoonis uu gudaha u galay saldhigga jabhadda Itoobiya, ciidamada Somaliland ayaa heegan buuxa la geliyay magaalada Boorama. ===Intaa ka dib=== [[File:Sagar_2018-05-18_1035Z.jpg|thumb|Cyclone Sagar sanadka 2018]] Bishii August 2017, Badhasaabkii Awdal waxa xilka ka qaaday Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland oo khaladaad badan sameeyay. Bishii May 2018, duufaantii Sagar ayaa ku dhufatay Awdal, taas oo adkeysay in taageero loo fidiyo dhulka miyiga ah fatahaadda awgeed. June 2018 arday reer Awdal ah ayaa ku guulaystey kaalmaha labaad iyo afraad ee tartanka xifdiga qur’aanka kariimka ah ee uu madaxweynuhu qabtay, waxaana abaal-marin gudoonsiiyey ardaydii reer Awdal. Bishii Luulyo 2018, Wasiirka Wasaaradda Maaliyadda Somaliland, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Gobolka Awdal uu ka sarre maray Gobolka Togdheer oo noqday ka ugu sarreeya dakhliga cashuuraha ee qaranka. Bishii Oktoobar 2019, baabuur ay dawladdu leedahay ayaa ciidamo hubaysan oo aan haybtooda la aqoonsani ku rasaaseeyeen gobolka Awdal. Taasi waxay keentay in mid ka mid ah taliyayaasha ciidamada Somaliland uu booqdo magaalada Boorama ee gobolka Awdal, isla markaana uu kulamo ka dhan ah la qaatay dawladda hoose iyo madax-dhaqameedka. Bishii Nofembar 2019, muuqaal ayaa loo diray warbaahinta oo muujinaya ku dhawaad ​​30 nin oo hubaysan oo sheegay inay "xoreeyeen" deegaanka bariga Boorama, Awdal. December 2019, Suldaan Maxamed Abshir Ducaale, oo ka mid ah madax dhaqameedka gobolka Awdal, ayay xukuumadda Somaliland xabsiga dhigtay. Waxaa loo malaynayaa in ay taasi sabab u tahay in uu ka soo horjeestay qorshayaasha macdan baadhista ee dawladda ee gobolka. Mudaaharaad ay dhigayeen dhalinyaro ayaa ka dhacay magaalada Boorama, waxaana ku dhaawacmay hal qof oo ka tirsan ciidamada Booliska. August 19, 2020, Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Dhawal, oo ka mid ah madax dhaqameedka beelaha Gadabuursi, ayaa ku dooday in saami-qaybsiga Awdal ee 82-ka xubnood ee golaha wakiillada Somaliland laga dhigo 40% halka ay hadda taagan yihiin (13 kursi, 16%). August 27th 2020 Ughaz Abdirashiid Ugaas Rooble oo ah Ugaaska Beesha Gadabuursi, isla markaana dhaliila siyaasadda Awdal ee Somaliland, ayaa ka dhoofay dalka Itoobiya, kuna sii jeeday magaalada Boorama, balse waxa ka hor istaagay ciidanka Somaliland. isla maalintaas waxa Boorama ka dhacay mudaharaad rabshado wata, waxaana sida la sheegay ka qayb qaatay dhawr boqol oo dhalinyaro ah. Waxa jira warar sheegaya dhacdooyin ay ka mid yihiin iska hor imaad hubaysan oo bishii March 2022 ku dhex maray dabley hubaysan iyo booliska Somaliland goob dahab laga qodo oo u dhaw Boorama, iyo saddex qof oo rayid ah oo lagu dilay magaalada Boorama bishii May 2022 iyada oo ay taagan tahay xiisado beeleed. May 2023, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland , Cabdiraxmaan Saylici , oo ka soo jeeda Awdal, ayaa xukuumadda Somaliland ku dhaliilay askar booliis ah oo ku xad-gudbay dhallinyaro mudaaharaad ka dhigayay Boorama. Bishii Sebtembar 2023, shir ay isugu yimaadeen beesha Gadabuursi ayaa ka dhacay magaalada Ottawa ee dalka Canada, waxaana ka soo qayb galay 100 qof oo uu ku jiro Ugaaska beesha Ugaas Cabdirashiid Ugaas Rooble si loo dhiso Awdal State Movement (ASM), kaas oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in Awdal dib loogu soo celiyo Soomaaliya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta Ugaaska beesha Gadabuursi ee Awdal ayaan la garanayn ilaa 2023. Bishii Oktoobar 2023, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland, Cabdiraxmaan Saylici , oo ka soo jeeda Awdal, ayaa booqasho ku yimid Boorama, waxaanu ku dhaliilay ASM inay ka hawlgasho meel ka baxsan Somaliland, isagoo sheegay in Awdal ay hubaal tahay inay ka tirsan tahay Somaliland. January 2024, waxa heshiis is-faham dhex maray Somaliland iyo Itoobiya. Si rasmi ah looma oga, balse waxa jirta aragti ah in haddii ay Somaliland ogolaato ay Itoobiya kiraysato qayb aan la cayimin oo ka mid ah xeebaha Somaliland oo ay ka samaysanayso deked iyo saldhig ciidan. Mudaharaad lagaga soo horjeedo arrintan ayaa ka dhacay magaalooyinka Boorama iyo Lughaya . Bishii Febraayo, xildhibaanada Somaliland, oo uu ku jiro wakiilka Awdal, ayaa muujiyay sida ay uga soo horjeedaan Is-afgaradka. ==Dadka deegaanka oo xusid mudan== *Daahir Riyaale Kaahin — Madaxweynihii hore ee Somaliland *Xaaji Ibraahim Nuur — siyaasi ku sugan British Somaliland *Djama Ali Moussa — Siyaasi ku sugan Somaliland *Yuusuf Tallan - Taliyihii hore ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya *Cabdiraxmaan Saylici — Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland 2010kii *Djama Rabile Ghod — Agaasimihii hore ee Soomaaliya *Muuse Rabiile Ghod — Wasiirkii hore ee Gaadiidka Soomaaliya *Aadan Isaaq Axmed – Wasiirkii hore ee Gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya *Saleebaan Xasan Xaddi- Maayarkii hore ee Boorama *Maxamed Axmed Caalin - Badhasaabkii hore ee Awdal *Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali — *Badhasaabkii hore ee Awdal *Rooble Afdeb - abwaan *Cali Bu’ul — abwaan ==Bulshada== Gobolka Awdal waxaa si khaas ah u dega beelaha [[Gadabuursi]], sidoo kale loo yaqaano [[Samaroon]] kuwaasi oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Dir]]. Gobolkan wuxuu qiimo gaar ah u leeyahay taariikhda dowlada [[Somaliland]] taasi oo lagu asaasay magaalada Boorama, xagaas oo dhamaan xubnaha taliska lagu soo dhisay aynay daganayeen magaala madaxdiisa [[Boorame]] mudo shan bilood ah xagaasna lagu soo magacaabay madaxwaynihii u horeeyay ee la doorto Alaha u naxariistee marxuum [[Maxamed Xaaji. Ibraahim Cigaal]]. Gobolka awdal waa gobol dhaqaalihiisu aad ugu tiirsanyahay xoolaha nool, Beeraha, dalxiiska iyo macdanta. Gobolkan waxa ka soo jeeda madaxwaynaha hayn jiray mudii 2003 ilaa 2010 xilka waqooyiga somalia ee [[Daahir Rayaale Kaahin]] oo ka soo jeeday gobolkaas awdal waana [[samaroon]]. Gobolkan waxaa magaala madaxdiisu ahaan jirtey magaalda [[Baki]], laakiin markii dambe waxaa lagu bedelay magaalada ugu weyn ee Boorama. Sidoo kale, dhaqaalihiisuna waxa uu ku tiirsanyahay ganacsiga iyo xoolaha nool. Magaalo madaxdiisii hore waxa ay ahaan jirtay oo ay ugaas yaashii ka telin jiray magaalada qadiimiga ee saylac oo aan ku koobnayn oo kaliya gobolka awdal ay u ahayd indhaha soomaaliyeed gaar ahaan ugaasyada Samaroon oo dhamaantood saylac lagucalemasaaray. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Boorama]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Awdalland]] ==Tixraac== [https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/191199/protests_turn_violent_in_borama_demonstrators_seek_justice_for_fallen_coast%C2%A0guard%C2%A0officer.aspx "Mudaharaado Rabshado Isku Bedelay Oo Ka Dhacay Boorama: Bannaan-baxayaasha Oo Cadaalad U Doona Askari Ka Tirsanaa Ciidanka Ilaalada Xeebaha"] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785556 "Xuduudka Somaliland iyo Itoobiya ee Biritishka", Joornaalka Juqraafi]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] [https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/3d5d0f3a4.pdf Bulshada xoolo-dhaqatada ah iyo qaxoontiga caalamiga ah: Dhaqdhaqaaqa dadweynaha ee Somaliland iyo bariga Itoobiya 1988 - 2000] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=z4AAAwAAQBAJ&q=gadabuursi+awdal&pg=PA296 Dhaqanka Burbursan: Dhaqanka, Sharciga iyo Shakhsiga ku sugan Badda Mediterranean-ka ee Muslimka]. [http://asia-abdulkadir.de/docs/RendersTerlinden2010.pdf Wadaxaajoodka Dawladnimo: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Awoodda iyo Xukunka Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=WeuSqpJeoEoC&q=Gadabuursi "Xafiiska Horumarinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya: Daraasad ku saabsan Maamulka: Gobolka Awdal"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132 Waa Maxay Aragtida Horumarineed ee Soomaaliya?: Cilmiga u dhexeeya Is-casilaadda iyo Rajada? Dacwaddii Shirweynihii 6aad ee SSIA, Berlin 6-9 Diseembar 1996] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-hundreds-flee-inter-clan-clashes-somaliland "Soomaaliya: Boqollaal qof ayaa ka qaxay dagaal beeleedyada Somaliland"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war/2010/09/100913_gaboose "Ciidan ka soo degay xeebta Awdal"] [https://www.hiiraan.com/op4/2014/dec/97350/somaliland_the_new_sick_man_of_the_horn_of_africa.aspx "Somaliland: Ninka Cusub Ee Xanuunsan Geeska Afrika"] [https://www.araweelonews.com/warar/dhacdooyinka-suldaan-wabar-ee-awdal-iyo-xaalladda-gobolka-ee-sii-xumaanay-waxay-u-muuqdaan-dheg-xumo-xukuumadda-madaxweyne-siilaanyo-dugsanay/ Ee Gobolka Awdal Iyo Xaalladda Gobolka Ee Sii Xumaanay Waxay U Muuqdaan Dheg-xumo Madaxweyne Siilaanyo Dugsanaysay"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-vp-fires-awdal-regional-governor-after-governors-mansion-in-borame-is-sold/ "Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka Somaliland Oo Xilkii Ka Qaadey Badhasaabkii Gobolka Awdal Kadib Markii La Iibiyey Gurigii Badhasaabka Ee Boorame] [https://somalilandsun.com/somalilandfinance-ministry-reveals-that-awdal-province-scoops-second-position-in-revenue-collection/ "Wasaaradda Maaliyada Somaliland Oo Shaacisay In Gobolka Awdal Uu Kaalinta Labaad Ka Galay Dakhliga Ururinta"] [https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/armed-rebels-in-western-somaliland-release-new-video/ "Jabhada Hubaysan Ee Galbeedka Somaliland Oo Soo Bandhigay Muuqaal Cusub"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/armed-rebels-in-western-somaliland-release-new-video/ |date=20251030072818 }} [https://horntribune.com/2020/08/19/awdal-region-demands-a-40-share-of-seats-in-parliaments-house-of-representatives/ "Gobolka AWDAL Waxa Uu Dalbaday 40`% Saamiga Kuraasta Golaha Wakiilada"] [https://hiiraan.com/news4/2020/Aug/179719/protests_in_borama_after_clan_elder_denied_entry_into_awdal.aspx "Mudaharaado Ka Dhacay Boorama Kadib Markii Oday Beeleed Loo Diiday In Ay Galaan Awdal"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-administrations-have-all-treated-residents-of-awdal-region-unfairly-vp-sayli/ "Maamulada Somaliland Waxay Dhamaan Dadka Gobolka Awdal Si Xaqdaro Ah Ula Dhaqmeen- Madaxweyne Saylici"] [https://thesomalidigest.com/breaking-awdal-announced-it-is-breaking-away-from-somaliland/ "DAAWO: Awdal Oo Ku Dhawaaqday Inay Ka Go'ayso Somaliland"] [https://www.caasimada.net/somaliland-oo-war-kasoo-saartay-dhaq-dhaqaaqa-awdal-state/ <nowiki>" [Somaliland released news about the movement of Awdal State ].</nowiki>]{{reflist}} {{Magaaloyaasha iyo Tuulooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Gobolada Soomaaliland}} [[Category:Awdal]] [[Category:Magaalooyinka Somaliland]] [[Category:Gobolada Somaliland]] e079ag29p7kbilied2mjq8rjqt3q40s 305241 305238 2026-08-14T19:35:53Z Keder jn 45001 /* Degmooyinka Gobolka */ 305241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Awdal | native_name = {{native name|so|italics=no|Awdal}} <br /> {{native name|ar|italics=no|أودَل}} | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobol]] | image_skyline = [[File:Zayla.jpg|280px]] | imagesize = | image_caption = Burburkii Muslimiinta [[Cadal Sultanate|Suldaanka Cadal]] ee [[Saylac]] | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | motto = [[waxbarasho]], [[Nabad]] iyo [[Barwaaqo]]. | image_map = Awdal in Somaliland.svg | mapsize = 250px |pushpin_map =Somaliland | map_caption = Goobta Somaliland. | coordinates = {{coord|10|48|3|N|43|21|7|E|type:adm1st_region:SO|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag| Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = June 1984 | seat_type = [[Xarunta maamulka]] | seat = [[Boorama]] | government_type = Goboleed | leader_title = [[Gudoomiyaha Awdal|Gudoomiye]] | leader_name = [[Muxumed Xasan Jaamac]] (Tiimbaro)<ref>{{cite web |title=Protests turn violent in Borama: demonstrators seek justice for fallen coast guard officer |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/191199/protests_turn_violent_in_borama_demonstrators_seek_justice_for_fallen_coast%C2%A0guard%C2%A0officer.aspx |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 21,374 | elevation_m = 2,136 | elevation_ft = | population_total = 636108 | population_as_of = 2024, estimate<ref name=ipc2024>{{Cite web|url=https://fsnau.org/downloads/Somalia-2024-Post-Gu-Acute-Food-Insecurity-Rural-Urban-and-IDP-Population-Stressed-Crisis-and-Emergency-%28Projection-Oct-Dec-2024%29.pdf|title=IPC Population Estimates: Projection (Oct-Dec 2024)|author=|date=|work=IPC|access-date=2025-02-23}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 30<!--636108/21374--> | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|HDI]] (2021) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.401<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#500|low}} · [[Liiska gobollada Soomaaliya marka loo eego Tilmaanta Horumarinta Aadanaha|3aad]] | area_code = +252 | website = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | official_name = | iso_code = SO-AW | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_max_ft = 8,635 | population_density_urban_km2 = <!--287,822 no source--> }} '''Awdal'''([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Awdal, [[Carabi]]: أودَل) waa gobol ku yaalo Galbeed ka dalka [[Somaliland|Somalia]]<ref name="Cwfsom">{{cite web |title = Somalia |work = The World Factbook |publisher = Central Intelligence Agency |location = Langley, Virginia |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |accessdate = 6 December 2013 |ciwaan = Nuqul Archive |archive-date = 1 Bisha Todobaad 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/so.html |dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref name="Awr">{{cite web | title = Awdal Region | url = http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/121024_Administrative_Map_Awdal_A4.pdf | accessdate = 30 January 2014 }}</ref>. Awdal waxay ka go'day gobolka [[Woqooyi Galbeed]] ayna noqotay gobol [[1984]]. <ref>{{Cite web | url = https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | title = Population Estimation Survey 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | archive-date = 4 August 2017 }}</ref> . Dhinaca bariga waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Maroodi Jeex]] iyo [[saaxil]] Dhinaca GalbeedKa waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Jabuuti]] , koonfurta waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Itoobiya]] iyo Dhinaca woqooyiga neh [[Gacanka Cadmeed]]<ref>E. H. M. Clifford, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785556 "The British Somalia-Ethiopia Boundary", ''Geographical Journal''] , Vol. 87, No. 4 (Apr. 1936), p. 296</ref>. Gobolka waxaa ku nool dad lagu qiyaasey 673,263 oo qof<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | title = Population Estimation Survey 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804014649/http://somalia.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population-Estimation-Survey-of-Somalia-PESS-2013-2014.pdf | archive-date = 4 August 2017 | url-status = }}</ref>. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay lix degmo [[Boorama]] oo ah xarunta gobolka, Burco, Allaybaday iyo Oodweine ==Hordhac== Gobolkan waa gobol taariikh dheer leh oo xadaarad suldaanimo, boqortooyo iyo ismaamul dheer soo lahaa mudo aad u dheer. Boqortooyada [[Adal]] waxay ka mid tahay awooodihii ugu caansanaa ee ka soo talin jirey gobolka Awdal. Awdal waxaa magaalo madax u ah caasimada [[Boorama]], oo ah magaalada ugu weyn gobolka. Gobolkan waa gobolada ugu horumarsan woqooyiga gaar ahaan woqooyi galbeed, xag dhaqaale, waxbarsho, diineed iyo isgaadhsiineedba. ==Sharaxaada== [[File:Zayla.jpg|thumb|Burburkii Saldanadii Adal ee Saylac Somaliland .]] Awdal (أودل) waxa ay magaceeda ka soo qaadatay Adal Sultanate (عَدَل) dhexe oo asalkeedu ahaa Saylac . Dhulka ku teedsan xuduudka Itoobiya waa magaalo aad u badan oo burbursan, taasoo uu ku tilmaamay sahamiye Ingiriis ah Richard F. Burton . Geology ahaan, inta badan gobolka Awdal waxay ku yaalliin saxanka Carabta . ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Gobolka Awdal waxa dega inta badan beesha Gadabuursi oo ka mid ah beelaha Dir kuwaas oo si gaar ah u matala oo loo tixgeliyo inay yihiin beesha ugu badan ee gobolka. Federico Battera (2005) wuxuu ka sheegay Gobolka Awdal: "Awdal waxa dega inta badan ururka Gadabuursi ee beelaha." Warbixin ay soo saartay Qaramada Midoobay oo ay daabacday Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (1999), ayaa ku sheegtay Awdal: "Beesha Gadabuursi ayaa ka talisa gobolka Awdal, taasina waxay keentay in siyaasadda gobolka Awdal ay ku dhowdahay inay la mid tahay arrimaha beelaha Gadabuursi." Roland Marchal (1997) wuxuu sheegay in tiro ahaan, Gadabuursigu ay yihiin dadka ugu badan ee deggan Gobolka Awdal: "Tirada Gadabuursi ee Awdal waxay hubaal ka dhigaysaa in danaha Gadabuursi ay wadaan siyaasadda gobolka." Marleen Renders iyo Ulf Terlinden (2010) labaduba waxay sheegeen in Gadabuursigu ay si gaar ah u deggan yihiin Gobolka Awdal: “Awdal ee galbeedka Somaliland waxay u dhaxaysaa Jabuuti, Itoobiya iyo dhulweynaha Somaliland ee Isaaqu degan yahay, waxa deggen ugu horrayn saddexda beelood ee beesha Gadabuursi ka kooban tahay, kuwaas oo hay’adoodii dhaqanku ka badbaadeen gumaysigii, dawladnimadii Soomaaliya iyo dagaalladii ka dhacayna si wanaagsan bay u socdaan, welina si habsami ah u shaqaynaya, aadna ugu xidhan nabadgelyada guud. Waxa kale oo jira tiro aad u tiro yar oo ka tirsan beesha Ciise ee Dir oo inta badan degta degmada Saylac. ==Degmooyinka Gobolka== Gobolkani waxa uu ka koobanyahay shan degmo oo kala ah * [[Boorama]] * [[Baki]] * [[Lughaya]] * [[Saylac]] * [[Dilla]] * [[Quljeed]] * [[Boon]] * [[Xariirad]] * [[Weeraar]] * [[Jirjir]] * [[Cali Xaydh]] * [[Bus]] * Siimodi * Goroyo cawlAbuqees ==Taariikhda== ===British Somaliland, Soomaaliya=== [[File:British_Somaliland_Districts.png|thumb|Qaybaha maamulka ee British Somaliland sida lagu sheegay buug lagu daabacay UK 1951kii]] British Somaliland , Awdal maanta waxa la odhan jiray degmada Saylac-Boorama iyadoo laga duulayo magaaladii ugu weynayd ee gobolka. Abbaarihii 1964kii waxa la isku daray degmooyinka Berbera, Boorama iyo Hargeysa oo laga dhigay gobolka Waqooyi-Galbeed (Hargeysa). 1984kii, dawladdii Soomaaliya ayaa aasaastay gobolka Awdal. Laga soo bilaabo dabayaaqadii sideetamaadkii, Soomaaliya waxa ay ku jirtay xaalad dagaal sokeeye. Gobolada Waqooyi Galbeed ee Soomaaliya waxaa hubkii qaatay jabhadii SNM oo ahayd urur siyaasi ah oo beesha Isaaq ka soo horjeeday. Ugu horrayn Maleeshiyo beeleedka Gadabuursi waxay ka barbar dagaalameen dawladdii Soomaaliya ee SNM. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, SNM ayaa dagaal ku qaaday, waxaana bishii January 1991-kii dagaallo ka dhacay Dilla oo ka tirsan Awdal , SNM-tuna ay ku guulaysatay oo ay soo gaadhay ilaa Boorama . Hase yeeshee, ka dib, beesha Gadabuursi waxay heshiis la gashay SNM, SNM-tuna waxay ka baxday Awdal goor hore. ===Dib ula soo noqoshada madax-banaanida Somaliland=== [[File:Sheikh-ibrahim-boorama-conference.jpg|thumb|Shirwaynihii Balaadhnaa Ee Boorama]] May 1991, SNM waxay ku dhawaaqday dib ula soo noqoshada madax-banaanida Qaranka Somaliland . Beesha Gabadulsi ma aysan rabin arinkaas, balse waxay la kaashadeen gooni isu taagga Somaliland, iyagoo ka duulaya rabitaankooda nabadda iyo in SNM ay ka sarreyso ciidan ahaan. Intaa ka dib, beesha Gabadulshi waxay iska kaashadeen xasilinta Somaliland, waxayna u dhaqmeen sidii gacan saddexaad oo dhex dhexaadin ah oo dhex dhexaadin ah beelaha Isaaq. Shirweynihii 1993-kii ee dib-u-heshiisiinta qaranka ayaa lagu qabtay magaalada Boorama ee gobolka Awdal. Sannadkii 2000 waxa la xidhay madaarka Boorama . 2002 ilaa 2010, Madaxweynaha Somaliland wuxuu ahaa Daahir Riyaale Kaahin , oo ka soo jeeda beesha Gadabuursi. Bishii March 2008, Madaxweynaha Somaliland waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in deegaanka Saylac ee gobolka Awdal ka tirsan la kala saari doono si loo sameeyo gobolka Salal. Hase yeeshee, ma ansixin golaha wakiilada Somaliland, waxaana dib loo xaqiijiyey in Saylac ay ku sugan tahay gobolka Awdal iyada oo laga dhaqangelinayo “Xeerkii Dawladaha Hoose ee 2019” January 2020. Bishii February 2009, waxa dagaal ku dhex maray beesha Reer Xareed ee degmada Gabiley iyo beesha Reer Nuur ee gobolka Awdal, waxaana ku dhintay laba qof. Colaadda labada beelood waxay soo bilaabatay 1998. Bishii Luulyo 2009, magaalada Boorama ee Awdal waxaa ka dhacay rabshado ka dhashay dagaal beeleed, waxaana ku dhintay afar qof. Bishii Sebtembar 2010, ciidan ka kooban 300 oo askari oo loo malaynayo inay ka tirsan yihiin Jabhadda Waddaniga Xoraynta Ogaadeenya , ayaa ku soo duulay aagga u dhexeeya Lughaya iyo Saylac ee Awdal, balse waxa ku hareeraysan ciidanka Somaliland. June 2012, Rashid Hersi, oo ku nool magaalada Barrhaven , Ottawa, Canada, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Awdal ay xorowday, isla markaana loo magacaabay madaxweyne. Bishii February 2013, Suldaan Ibraahim Jaamac Samatar oo ka mid ah Madax-dhaqameedka Awdal, ayaa Maxamed Nuur Carraale , Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Somaliland ku dhaliilay inuu faro-gelin ku hayo doorashadii Golaha Deegaanka Saylac, isla markaana uu ammaanka bulshada ka sii daray. Bishii April 2013, Badhasaabka Awdal waxa uu dhaliilay dhalinyarada tirada badan ee ka tahriibaysa Somaliland ee u tahriibaya dalalka kale, waxaanu xusay in loo baahan yahay in la xakameeyo. ===Jabhada Suldaan Wabar=== Bishii Agoosto 2013, Suldaan Abubakar Wabar, oo ah Ugaaska beesha Jibriil Yoonis ee beesha Gadabuursi, ayaa xukuumadda Somaliland ku dhaliilay inay khalkhal gelinayso nabadgelyada guud ee Awdal iyo Salal, Somaliland. In March 2014, Suldaan Ciise Suldaan C/laahi Suldaan Cumar was inaugurated as one of the Gadabuursi clan chiefs in Hayayaabe, west of Borama . On December 5th 2014, the Jibriil Yoonis clan leader Suldaan Abuubakar Wabar ayaa hogaaminaya ciidan galay buuraha kuna dhawaaqay in ay ka madax banaan yihiin dawlada Somaliland. Dhinaca kale Suldaan Saleebaan Cali Ismaaciil oo isna ka mid ah salaadiinta beelaha Awdal ayaa dhaliilay tallaabada Wabar uu qaaday, isagoo sheegay in maamulka Awdal loo daayo Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland oo isagu ka soo jeeda Awdal. Dhanka kale, golaha guurtida Awdal ayaa booqasho ku tagay magaalada Hargeysa ee xarunta Somaliland, waxayna codsadeen in Awdal laga siiyo matalaad cadaalad ah . March 18,2015, Waxgarad,Ganacsato,Siyaasiyiin ayaa isugu yimi guriga Suldaan Wabar,waxayna ku dhawaaqeen inay Somaliland ka xoraynayaan Gobolka Awdal, kuna biirayaan Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. March 28, 2015 dhawr maleeshiyo ah oo ka damqaday Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi ayaa isu soo dhiibay maamulka gobolka Awdal ee Somaliland. Bishii April 2015, xukuumadda Somaliland waxay xidhay lix ka mid ah 40-kii xubnood ee guddida uu dhisay Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi. Bishii Oktoobar 2015, rabshado ayaa ka dhacay garoonka kubadda cagta ee Boorama, waxaana ku dhintay hal qof oo rayid ah markii ay isku dhaceen ciidamada booliska. Maalintii xigtay ayaa guriga taliyaha booliska Boorama la weeraray oo dab la qabadsiiyay, dabadeedna wuu gubtay. Bishii Oktoobar 2015, labada Itoobiya iyo Somaliland waxay bilaabeen hawlgallo ay kaga soo saarayaan malleeshiyada raacsan Suldaan Abiikar Waaberi, oo fadhigoodu yahay meel u dhow xuduudka. Bishii November 2015, Suldaan Wabar ayaa ka baxay Somaliland, wuxuuna dib ugu laabtay Waqooyiga Ameerika, iyadoo ku dhawaad ​​70-kii maleeshiyo ee raacay Wabar lagu daray ciidamada Somaliland. Bishii December 2016, waxa Awdal ka dhacay khasaare abaareed oo ka dhashay roob la’aan xilli roobaadkii. December 27, 2016 waxaa la sheegay in Suldaan Abuubakar Wabar oo ah ugaaska beesha Jibriil Yoonis uu gudaha u galay saldhigga jabhadda Itoobiya, ciidamada Somaliland ayaa heegan buuxa la geliyay magaalada Boorama. ===Intaa ka dib=== [[File:Sagar_2018-05-18_1035Z.jpg|thumb|Cyclone Sagar sanadka 2018]] Bishii August 2017, Badhasaabkii Awdal waxa xilka ka qaaday Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland oo khaladaad badan sameeyay. Bishii May 2018, duufaantii Sagar ayaa ku dhufatay Awdal, taas oo adkeysay in taageero loo fidiyo dhulka miyiga ah fatahaadda awgeed. June 2018 arday reer Awdal ah ayaa ku guulaystey kaalmaha labaad iyo afraad ee tartanka xifdiga qur’aanka kariimka ah ee uu madaxweynuhu qabtay, waxaana abaal-marin gudoonsiiyey ardaydii reer Awdal. Bishii Luulyo 2018, Wasiirka Wasaaradda Maaliyadda Somaliland, ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Gobolka Awdal uu ka sarre maray Gobolka Togdheer oo noqday ka ugu sarreeya dakhliga cashuuraha ee qaranka. Bishii Oktoobar 2019, baabuur ay dawladdu leedahay ayaa ciidamo hubaysan oo aan haybtooda la aqoonsani ku rasaaseeyeen gobolka Awdal. Taasi waxay keentay in mid ka mid ah taliyayaasha ciidamada Somaliland uu booqdo magaalada Boorama ee gobolka Awdal, isla markaana uu kulamo ka dhan ah la qaatay dawladda hoose iyo madax-dhaqameedka. Bishii Nofembar 2019, muuqaal ayaa loo diray warbaahinta oo muujinaya ku dhawaad ​​30 nin oo hubaysan oo sheegay inay "xoreeyeen" deegaanka bariga Boorama, Awdal. December 2019, Suldaan Maxamed Abshir Ducaale, oo ka mid ah madax dhaqameedka gobolka Awdal, ayay xukuumadda Somaliland xabsiga dhigtay. Waxaa loo malaynayaa in ay taasi sabab u tahay in uu ka soo horjeestay qorshayaasha macdan baadhista ee dawladda ee gobolka. Mudaaharaad ay dhigayeen dhalinyaro ayaa ka dhacay magaalada Boorama, waxaana ku dhaawacmay hal qof oo ka tirsan ciidamada Booliska. August 19, 2020, Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Dhawal, oo ka mid ah madax dhaqameedka beelaha Gadabuursi, ayaa ku dooday in saami-qaybsiga Awdal ee 82-ka xubnood ee golaha wakiillada Somaliland laga dhigo 40% halka ay hadda taagan yihiin (13 kursi, 16%). August 27th 2020 Ughaz Abdirashiid Ugaas Rooble oo ah Ugaaska Beesha Gadabuursi, isla markaana dhaliila siyaasadda Awdal ee Somaliland, ayaa ka dhoofay dalka Itoobiya, kuna sii jeeday magaalada Boorama, balse waxa ka hor istaagay ciidanka Somaliland. isla maalintaas waxa Boorama ka dhacay mudaharaad rabshado wata, waxaana sida la sheegay ka qayb qaatay dhawr boqol oo dhalinyaro ah. Waxa jira warar sheegaya dhacdooyin ay ka mid yihiin iska hor imaad hubaysan oo bishii March 2022 ku dhex maray dabley hubaysan iyo booliska Somaliland goob dahab laga qodo oo u dhaw Boorama, iyo saddex qof oo rayid ah oo lagu dilay magaalada Boorama bishii May 2022 iyada oo ay taagan tahay xiisado beeleed. May 2023, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland , Cabdiraxmaan Saylici , oo ka soo jeeda Awdal, ayaa xukuumadda Somaliland ku dhaliilay askar booliis ah oo ku xad-gudbay dhallinyaro mudaaharaad ka dhigayay Boorama. Bishii Sebtembar 2023, shir ay isugu yimaadeen beesha Gadabuursi ayaa ka dhacay magaalada Ottawa ee dalka Canada, waxaana ka soo qayb galay 100 qof oo uu ku jiro Ugaaska beesha Ugaas Cabdirashiid Ugaas Rooble si loo dhiso Awdal State Movement (ASM), kaas oo ujeedadiisu ahayd in Awdal dib loogu soo celiyo Soomaaliya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta Ugaaska beesha Gadabuursi ee Awdal ayaan la garanayn ilaa 2023. Bishii Oktoobar 2023, Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland, Cabdiraxmaan Saylici , oo ka soo jeeda Awdal, ayaa booqasho ku yimid Boorama, waxaanu ku dhaliilay ASM inay ka hawlgasho meel ka baxsan Somaliland, isagoo sheegay in Awdal ay hubaal tahay inay ka tirsan tahay Somaliland. January 2024, waxa heshiis is-faham dhex maray Somaliland iyo Itoobiya. Si rasmi ah looma oga, balse waxa jirta aragti ah in haddii ay Somaliland ogolaato ay Itoobiya kiraysato qayb aan la cayimin oo ka mid ah xeebaha Somaliland oo ay ka samaysanayso deked iyo saldhig ciidan. Mudaharaad lagaga soo horjeedo arrintan ayaa ka dhacay magaalooyinka Boorama iyo Lughaya . Bishii Febraayo, xildhibaanada Somaliland, oo uu ku jiro wakiilka Awdal, ayaa muujiyay sida ay uga soo horjeedaan Is-afgaradka. ==Dadka deegaanka oo xusid mudan== *Daahir Riyaale Kaahin — Madaxweynihii hore ee Somaliland *Xaaji Ibraahim Nuur — siyaasi ku sugan British Somaliland *Djama Ali Moussa — Siyaasi ku sugan Somaliland *Yuusuf Tallan - Taliyihii hore ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya *Cabdiraxmaan Saylici — Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Somaliland 2010kii *Djama Rabile Ghod — Agaasimihii hore ee Soomaaliya *Muuse Rabiile Ghod — Wasiirkii hore ee Gaadiidka Soomaaliya *Aadan Isaaq Axmed – Wasiirkii hore ee Gaashaandhigga Soomaaliya *Saleebaan Xasan Xaddi- Maayarkii hore ee Boorama *Maxamed Axmed Caalin - Badhasaabkii hore ee Awdal *Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali — *Badhasaabkii hore ee Awdal *Rooble Afdeb - abwaan *Cali Bu’ul — abwaan ==Bulshada== Gobolka Awdal waxaa si khaas ah u dega beelaha [[Gadabuursi]], sidoo kale loo yaqaano [[Samaroon]] kuwaasi oo ka tirsan beelweynta [[Dir]]. Gobolkan wuxuu qiimo gaar ah u leeyahay taariikhda dowlada [[Somaliland]] taasi oo lagu asaasay magaalada Boorama, xagaas oo dhamaan xubnaha taliska lagu soo dhisay aynay daganayeen magaala madaxdiisa [[Boorame]] mudo shan bilood ah xagaasna lagu soo magacaabay madaxwaynihii u horeeyay ee la doorto Alaha u naxariistee marxuum [[Maxamed Xaaji. Ibraahim Cigaal]]. Gobolka awdal waa gobol dhaqaalihiisu aad ugu tiirsanyahay xoolaha nool, Beeraha, dalxiiska iyo macdanta. Gobolkan waxa ka soo jeeda madaxwaynaha hayn jiray mudii 2003 ilaa 2010 xilka waqooyiga somalia ee [[Daahir Rayaale Kaahin]] oo ka soo jeeday gobolkaas awdal waana [[samaroon]]. Gobolkan waxaa magaala madaxdiisu ahaan jirtey magaalda [[Baki]], laakiin markii dambe waxaa lagu bedelay magaalada ugu weyn ee Boorama. Sidoo kale, dhaqaalihiisuna waxa uu ku tiirsanyahay ganacsiga iyo xoolaha nool. Magaalo madaxdiisii hore waxa ay ahaan jirtay oo ay ugaas yaashii ka telin jiray magaalada qadiimiga ee saylac oo aan ku koobnayn oo kaliya gobolka awdal ay u ahayd indhaha soomaaliyeed gaar ahaan ugaasyada Samaroon oo dhamaantood saylac lagucalemasaaray. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Boorama]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] * [[Awdalland]] ==Tixraac== [https://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2023/May/191199/protests_turn_violent_in_borama_demonstrators_seek_justice_for_fallen_coast%C2%A0guard%C2%A0officer.aspx "Mudaharaado Rabshado Isku Bedelay Oo Ka Dhacay Boorama: Bannaan-baxayaasha Oo Cadaalad U Doona Askari Ka Tirsanaa Ciidanka Ilaalada Xeebaha"] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1785556 "Xuduudka Somaliland iyo Itoobiya ee Biritishka", Joornaalka Juqraafi]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMBQCr4LysC Dimuqraadiyad Xoolo dhaqato: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Xoolo-dhaqatada iyo Siyaasadda ka dhex jirta Soomaalida Waqooyi ee Geeska Afrika] [https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/3d5d0f3a4.pdf Bulshada xoolo-dhaqatada ah iyo qaxoontiga caalamiga ah: Dhaqdhaqaaqa dadweynaha ee Somaliland iyo bariga Itoobiya 1988 - 2000] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=z4AAAwAAQBAJ&q=gadabuursi+awdal&pg=PA296 Dhaqanka Burbursan: Dhaqanka, Sharciga iyo Shakhsiga ku sugan Badda Mediterranean-ka ee Muslimka]. [http://asia-abdulkadir.de/docs/RendersTerlinden2010.pdf Wadaxaajoodka Dawladnimo: Dhaqdhaqaaqa Awoodda iyo Xukunka Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&pg=PA278 "Cutubka 9aad: Burburkii Dawladnimo iyo Dib u soo noolaynta Xeer-dhaqameedkii Waqooyiga Soomaaliya"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=WeuSqpJeoEoC&q=Gadabuursi "Xafiiska Horumarinta Qaramada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya: Daraasad ku saabsan Maamulka: Gobolka Awdal"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=DZJPm2j2iz4C&pg=PA132 Waa Maxay Aragtida Horumarineed ee Soomaaliya?: Cilmiga u dhexeeya Is-casilaadda iyo Rajada? Dacwaddii Shirweynihii 6aad ee SSIA, Berlin 6-9 Diseembar 1996] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-hundreds-flee-inter-clan-clashes-somaliland "Soomaaliya: Boqollaal qof ayaa ka qaxay dagaal beeleedyada Somaliland"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war/2010/09/100913_gaboose "Ciidan ka soo degay xeebta Awdal"] [https://www.hiiraan.com/op4/2014/dec/97350/somaliland_the_new_sick_man_of_the_horn_of_africa.aspx "Somaliland: Ninka Cusub Ee Xanuunsan Geeska Afrika"] [https://www.araweelonews.com/warar/dhacdooyinka-suldaan-wabar-ee-awdal-iyo-xaalladda-gobolka-ee-sii-xumaanay-waxay-u-muuqdaan-dheg-xumo-xukuumadda-madaxweyne-siilaanyo-dugsanay/ Ee Gobolka Awdal Iyo Xaalladda Gobolka Ee Sii Xumaanay Waxay U Muuqdaan Dheg-xumo Madaxweyne Siilaanyo Dugsanaysay"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-vp-fires-awdal-regional-governor-after-governors-mansion-in-borame-is-sold/ "Madaxweyne Ku Xigeenka Somaliland Oo Xilkii Ka Qaadey Badhasaabkii Gobolka Awdal Kadib Markii La Iibiyey Gurigii Badhasaabka Ee Boorame] [https://somalilandsun.com/somalilandfinance-ministry-reveals-that-awdal-province-scoops-second-position-in-revenue-collection/ "Wasaaradda Maaliyada Somaliland Oo Shaacisay In Gobolka Awdal Uu Kaalinta Labaad Ka Galay Dakhliga Ururinta"] [https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/armed-rebels-in-western-somaliland-release-new-video/ "Jabhada Hubaysan Ee Galbeedka Somaliland Oo Soo Bandhigay Muuqaal Cusub"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/somaliland/armed-rebels-in-western-somaliland-release-new-video/ |date=20251030072818 }} [https://horntribune.com/2020/08/19/awdal-region-demands-a-40-share-of-seats-in-parliaments-house-of-representatives/ "Gobolka AWDAL Waxa Uu Dalbaday 40`% Saamiga Kuraasta Golaha Wakiilada"] [https://hiiraan.com/news4/2020/Aug/179719/protests_in_borama_after_clan_elder_denied_entry_into_awdal.aspx "Mudaharaado Ka Dhacay Boorama Kadib Markii Oday Beeleed Loo Diiday In Ay Galaan Awdal"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-administrations-have-all-treated-residents-of-awdal-region-unfairly-vp-sayli/ "Maamulada Somaliland Waxay Dhamaan Dadka Gobolka Awdal Si Xaqdaro Ah Ula Dhaqmeen- Madaxweyne Saylici"] [https://thesomalidigest.com/breaking-awdal-announced-it-is-breaking-away-from-somaliland/ "DAAWO: Awdal Oo Ku Dhawaaqday Inay Ka Go'ayso Somaliland"] [https://www.caasimada.net/somaliland-oo-war-kasoo-saartay-dhaq-dhaqaaqa-awdal-state/ <nowiki>" [Somaliland released news about the movement of Awdal State ].</nowiki>]{{reflist}} {{Magaaloyaasha iyo Tuulooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} {{Gobolada Soomaaliland}} [[Category:Awdal]] [[Category:Magaalooyinka Somaliland]] [[Category:Gobolada Somaliland]] 4f450ia4hklah0b9pk05ae59yxibr1a 0 2629 305191 305177 2026-08-14T15:34:45Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Christus Pantocrator from Hagia Sophia.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Yeruusaalem]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == 86ry5fqdk6xoccg4qd5pfayye4v897b 305192 305191 2026-08-14T15:35:16Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Christus Pantocrator from Hagia Sophia.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Yeruusaalem]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == ftrw343ve8aw1wdws8lllwqk4ogf76l 305193 305192 2026-08-14T15:35:40Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == 8i2u7ibe96jqx0bkrhpuaw8cio03mab 305194 305193 2026-08-14T15:36:11Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Christus Pantocrator from Hagia Sophia.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Yeruusaalem]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == 86ry5fqdk6xoccg4qd5pfayye4v897b 305195 305194 2026-08-14T15:37:05Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305195 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Christus Pantocrator from Hagia Sophia.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Yeruusaalem]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == feqzao8u97k3dhs17cow1finlsvxp2m 305196 305195 2026-08-14T15:37:28Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Christus Pantocrator from Hagia Sophia.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Yeruusaalem]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == 971gd933cjvvjqquhxmfo0e1wfs15os 305197 305196 2026-08-14T15:38:33Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka.{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Christus Pantocrator from Hagia Sophia.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Yeruusaalem]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == nj3yodor3qo5ck2b9vfczl0ojamp69g 305198 305197 2026-08-14T15:40:45Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]] [[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]] Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[Israaiil|israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka.{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Yeruusaalem]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan. Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay.. [[File:Jesus Christ 3.jpg|thumb|Astaanta Kiristaanka ee Ciise Masiix Pantokraator (Pantokraator: macnihiisu waa “Kan wax walba xukuma” ama “Ilaaha awoodda leh”)]] === Diinta Islaamka === [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis. Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == 11igs7zcjk4hpmx883ztio6705r95c3 305199 305198 2026-08-14T15:55:46Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Dib-u-qaabaynta maqaalka 305199 wikitext text/x-wiki Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Masiixiyiintu waxay u aqoonsan yihiin inuu yahay Masiixa iyo shakhsiga udub-dhexaadka u ah [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa ayaa saldhig u ah caqiidada iyo fariinta Masiixiga. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay. == Diinta Masiixiyada == [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo.[[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]]Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Diinta Islaamka == [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis.[[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]]Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. === Diinta Masiixiyada === [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo. Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == kzzwp9agrav8mdctq3d1goshae58we6 305200 305199 2026-08-14T15:56:34Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305200 wikitext text/x-wiki Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Masiixiyiintu waxay u aqoonsan yihiin inuu yahay Masiixa iyo shakhsiga udub-dhexaadka u ah [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa ayaa saldhig u ah caqiidada iyo fariinta Masiixiga. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay. == Diinta Masiixiyada == [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo.[[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]]Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Diinta Islaamka == [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis.[[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]]Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == 1zmrfov30zm82xm4620cvn9ow1r7hkw 305217 305200 2026-08-14T18:30:53Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Qeybaha 305217 wikitext text/x-wiki Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Masiixiyiintu waxay u aqoonsan yihiin inuu yahay Masiixa iyo shakhsiga udub-dhexaadka u ah [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa ayaa saldhig u ah caqiidada iyo fariinta Masiixiga. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay. == Diinta Masiixiyada == [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo.[[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]]Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Diinta Islaamka == [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis.[[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]]Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references /> [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] s8il3aoxml8f62w9vss06mpfnpx925d 305261 305217 2026-08-14T21:40:59Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 /* Sidoo kale eeg */ 305261 wikitext text/x-wiki Ciise oo reer Naasared ah wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye reer Banii [[israaiil]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Masiixiyiintu waxay u aqoonsan yihiin inuu yahay Masiixa iyo shakhsiga udub-dhexaadka u ah [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa ayaa saldhig u ah caqiidada iyo fariinta Masiixiga. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay. == Diinta Masiixiyada == [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo.[[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]]Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Diinta Islaamka == [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis.[[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]]Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references /> [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] nzrutv70c7vwqqi5drh7a0vrsao7qxk 305272 305261 2026-08-15T02:27:12Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305272 wikitext text/x-wiki Ciise oo reer Naasared ah, oo ah ina [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)|Maryam]], wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuudi]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Masiixiyiintu waxay u aqoonsan yihiin inuu yahay Masiixa iyo shakhsiga udub-dhexaadka u ah [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa ayaa saldhig u ah caqiidada iyo fariinta Masiixiga. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesus</ref> Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay. == Diinta Masiixiyada == [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo.[[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]]Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Diinta Islaamka == [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis.[[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]]Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references /> [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] 359wept4uez5lw8tj14s29w7mlguzgn 305273 305272 2026-08-15T02:27:24Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305273 wikitext text/x-wiki Ciise oo reer Naasared ah, oo ah ina [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)|Maryam]], wuxuu ahaa macallin iyo wacdiyiye [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuudi]] ah oo ku dhashay dhulka [[Falastiin]] qiyaastii laba kun oo sano ka hor. Masiixiyiintu waxay u aqoonsan yihiin inuu yahay Masiixa iyo shakhsiga udub-dhexaadka u ah [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa ayaa saldhig u ah caqiidada iyo fariinta Masiixiga. Waxaa guud ahaan lagu tiriyaa inuu noolaa bilowgii qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, xilli uu dhulka Falastiin maamulayay Boqortooyadii Roomaanka.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jesus</ref> Xogaha taariikhiga ah ee la helay, sida qoraallada Flavius Josephus iyo Tacitus, waxay muujinayaan in Ciise uu caan ku ahaa baridda caddaaladda, naxariista iyo akhlaaqda bulshada. Wuxuu dadka ku dhiirrigelin jiray in ay ka fogaadaan dulmiga, isla markaana uu xoojin jiray daryeelka dadka tabaalaysan.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Ciise Masiix | image = Spas vsederzhitel sinay.jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Ciise Masiix | comment = Ciise Masiix | naynaas = Masiixa, Wiilka Ilaah | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Baytulaxam]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 30 ama 33 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]], [[Yahuudiya]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 27–29 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = [[Webiga Urdun]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisadda Qabriga Quduuska ah]] | taariikh_la_xuso = 25 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = Iskutallaab, Wanka Ilaah iyo Kalluun | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Waxaa lagu tilmaamaa inuu lahaa koox raacsan oo loo yaqaanay xertiisii (''hawariyiinta''), kuwaas oo faafiyay fariintiisii kadib dhimashadiisa. Dadka daraaseeya taariikhda iyo diimaha waxay isku raacsan yihiin in Ciise lagu dilay ama la iskutubay xilligii maamulkii Roomaanka, in kasta oo faahfaahinta dhacdadaas ay ku kala duwan yihiin diimaha kala duwan. Aragtida taariikhiga ah ee casriga ahi waxay Ciise u aragtaa shakhsiyad dhab ah oo taariikhda saameyn weyn ku yeeshay, gaar ahaan dhinacyada diinta, akhlaaqda iyo falsafadda. Fariintiisa iyo noloshiisa ayaa noqday saldhig muhiim u ah isbeddelladii fikradeed iyo diineed ee dunida ka dhacay qarniyadii xigay. == Diinta Masiixiyada == [[Masiixiyad|Diinta Kiristaanka]], '''Ciise Masiix''' waa xarunta iyo aasaaska rumaysadka. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay '''Wiilka Ilaah''', Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday, oo leh labadaba dabeecad bini’aadmi iyo mid ilaahnimo.[[File:Christ in the Wilderness - Ivan Kramskoy - Google Cultural Institute.jpg|thumb|Rasaanta “Masiixa Lamadegaanka” oo uu sameeyay farshaxanka Ivan Kramskoy.]]Waxay rumaysan yihiin in uu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis Maryan-na ay uur yeelatay isagoo ay u timid Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Ciise wuxuu dadka baray jacayl, naxariis iyo dembi dhaaf. Wuxuu sameeyay mucjisooyin ay ka mid yihiin bogsiinta bukaanka, quudinta dadka saboolka ah iyo soo nooleynta kuwii dhintay. Kiristaanku waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise la '''isku qodbay iskutub''', uu dhintay iskutubka si uu dembiyada aadanaha u dhaafo, kadibna uu '''saddex maalmood kadib ka soo sara kacay'''. Sarakiciddiisa waxaa loo arkaa calaamad guul iyo badbaado ruuxeed. Waxaa kale oo Kiristaanku rumeysan yihiin in Ciise markale '''soo laaban doono''' dhulka dhammaadka wakhtiga si uu u xukumo dadka oo uu xaqa u adkeeyo. == Diinta Islaamka == [[Islaam|Islaamka]], '''Ciise Ibnu Maryam''' waa nebi weyn oo ka mid ah rususha Alle. Qur’aanka Kariimka ayaa si cad u xusay magaciisa in ka badan 25 jeer, waxaana Alle ku tilmaamay inuu yahay ''Ereygiisa iyo Ruux ka yimid isaga''. Ciise wuxuu ku dhashay mucjiso, hooyadiis '''Maryama bintu Cimraanna''' waa haweenayda ugu sharfta badan dumarka adduunka. Qur’aanka wuxuu tilmaamay in Maryam uur yeelatay iyadoo aan lahayn sayg, arrintaasna lagu tilmaamay awoodda Alle ee wax walba sameeya. Suuradda 19aad ee Qur’aanka, ''Suuratu Maryam'', ayaa magaceeda lagu magacaabay hooyadiis.[[File:Isa_(Jesus)1.png|thumb|alt=Nebi Ciise|File:The Prophet Isa.png|thumb|Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista -[[Islaam]] ah Magaca Ciise oo ku qoran xarfaha far-qorista Islaamiga]]Nebi Ciise waxaa loo diray '''reer Banii Israa’iil''' si uu ugu yeero cibaado Alle keliya iyo inuu xaqiijiyo fariimihii nebiyada ka horeeyay. Waxaa lagu mannaystay mucjisooyin badan: wuxuu ku hadlay isagoo weli ilmo ah, wuxuu daweyn jiray indho la’ iyo cuduro kale, wuxuu noolayn jiray kuwii dhintay, dhanna ma uusan qabanin, dhammaan isagoo ku sameynayay idinka Alle. Islaamku wuxuu diiday in Ciise yahay Ilaah ama wiilka Ilaah, balse wuxuu caddeeyay inuu yahay addoon iyo nebi Alle. Qur’aanku wuxuu sheegay in '''Ciise la ma dilin oo la ma iskutubin''', balse Alle kor u qaaday, waana inuu mar dambe soo noqon doonaa dhulka kahor Qiyaamaha si uu u xaqiijiyo caddaaladda oo uu u burburiyo ''Dajjaalka''. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references /> [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] jy1463po4pjgpczttre9y5dimizydtu 0 2942 305203 287909 2026-08-14T16:30:14Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya (Council of Nicaea) sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Afarta "Injiil" (The Four Gospels) == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John). Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn (apocryphal gospels) sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] (Council of Nicaea) sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah (Trinity). Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix.<references/> ==Booqo== * [https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] alfnddtos8zf1tno9629d9aa35evd5w 305206 305203 2026-08-14T16:39:42Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya (Council of Nicaea) sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix.<references/> ==Booqo== * [https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 0463zl37hxjybb2a0sbtc1za2w8fziz 305207 305206 2026-08-14T16:40:01Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305207 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix.<references/> ==Booqo== * [https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] bxhj9s79av4x092fa186qy6rvupcmyq 305209 305207 2026-08-14T16:57:30Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix.<references/> ==Booqo== * [https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] t4glql0yqgaxxg6yz56rzf2k17lcrvh 305211 305209 2026-08-14T17:32:45Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 Mad-habyada 305211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] t7aek58dk96r1xjzujuro2uw0fj6wky 305220 305211 2026-08-14T18:36:26Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305220 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |Deriskaaga u jeclaada sida naftaada<br /> |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}<noinclude> {{clear}} [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 4x7di352cszqz8xh6puysp957sf34zp 305221 305220 2026-08-14T18:39:32Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |Deriskaaga u jeclaada sida naftaada<br /> |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}<noinclude> {{clear}} Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 6sei3e9dwses7ikl3tg4acq9t6xbczh 305222 305221 2026-08-14T18:40:03Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |Deriskaaga u jeclaada sida naftaada<br /> |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}<noinclude> {{clear}} Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] g00ifkcjcrjiuuod2y4ls1xaqm3gh6p 305223 305222 2026-08-14T18:40:59Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |Deriskaaga u jeclaada sida naftaada<br /> |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 2ia4ndat29b9ufhifjuzeq5025ba9zw 305224 305223 2026-08-14T18:42:38Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305224 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |Deriskaaga u jeclaada sida naftaada<br /> |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] jetojhxmmrsbhmdhw4y0oax4olf4gkr 305225 305224 2026-08-14T18:48:13Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305225 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] g51x11y3h20eu8z23iug590tzu289se 305226 305225 2026-08-14T18:48:34Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305226 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |Deriskaaga u jeclaada sida naftaada<br /> |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] jetojhxmmrsbhmdhw4y0oax4olf4gkr 305227 305226 2026-08-14T18:48:56Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305227 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] qiymnoyf6denebrt41la3rq9du6xerg 305228 305227 2026-08-14T18:50:02Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305228 wikitext text/x-wiki {|- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] | class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] i8784vxceba6i50tc3ei5qfisfohf1h 305229 305228 2026-08-14T18:50:20Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305229 wikitext text/x-wiki {|-|[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] | class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] jcmepegi4toq8v0k319w704cgkk5b20 305230 305229 2026-08-14T18:51:31Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305230 wikitext text/x-wiki {|[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] | class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] hh2xjqq3ez08hpnkbtothlrgo2gl5qc 305231 305230 2026-08-14T18:51:54Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305231 wikitext text/x-wiki {| [[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] | class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 7x0901adxcixnlkgp3axkgr2jagxygn 305232 305231 2026-08-14T18:52:24Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305232 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] qiymnoyf6denebrt41la3rq9du6xerg 305233 305232 2026-08-14T18:52:58Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305233 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] hedppy9s1ka7l73okns3nzfjyw3sbw1 305234 305233 2026-08-14T18:53:36Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305234 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiil|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] qiymnoyf6denebrt41la3rq9du6xerg 305235 305234 2026-08-14T18:54:38Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305235 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiilka(Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 31194fdnviov3qwfzcv434hoq2zggin 305236 305235 2026-08-14T18:55:16Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305236 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Masiixiyad</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] h4jmpkh52ohlol56k2rjg95vnzjzl28 305237 305236 2026-08-14T18:55:52Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305237 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaatoliga]], [[Ortodoksiga]] iyo [[Protestant-ka]], laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 6v1086046bvm6arwcvydmq77z0d1t42 305242 305237 2026-08-14T19:47:48Z Comendador Sombra 46943 /* Mad-habyada */ 305242 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]] === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga Rooma, oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah, dhaqanka Kaniisadda iyo waxbarista rasmiga ah ee Kaniisadda, waxaana ka mid ah toddoba karaamadood.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido iyo dhaqan cibaado oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]]. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan ayaa ah hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Alexandria, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda Afrika.<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] 8vu67uh5dxlnd796fbirkg8izn1odf0 305243 305242 2026-08-14T19:49:20Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305243 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]] === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga Rooma, oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah, dhaqanka Kaniisadda iyo waxbarista rasmiga ah ee Kaniisadda, waxaana ka mid ah toddoba karaamadood.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido iyo dhaqan cibaado oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]]. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan ayaa ah hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Alexandria, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda Afrika.<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] oa65jzj1pg7d612g0slvf9p0h142trh 305246 305243 2026-08-14T20:02:51Z Comendador Sombra 46943 /* Mad-habyada */ Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee Qudus, sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann 305246 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]] Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga Rooma, oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah, dhaqanka Kaniisadda iyo waxbarista rasmiga ah ee Kaniisadda, waxaana ka mid ah toddoba karaamadood.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> [[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee [[Qudus]], sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann]] === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido iyo dhaqan cibaado oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]]. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan ayaa ah hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Alexandria, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda Afrika.<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] 7kttjp4t1y95ti5pk001drkju2vrbu2 305247 305246 2026-08-14T20:20:08Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Caqiidooyinka ugu waaweyn 305247 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |}[[Masiixiyad]] waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay Wiilka Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa. Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Caqiidooyinka ugu waaweyn == [[File:Nicaea icon.jpg|thumb|Sawirka xusuusta ee Shirkii Nikaaya]] Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin hal Ilaah oo ku jira Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah: Aabbaha, Wiilka iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise Masiix yahay Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo aadane, inuu ka dhashay Maryan oo bikrad ah, loo silciyey oo iskutallaabta lagu qodbay, dhintay oo la aasay, dabadeedna maalintii saddexaad ka soo sara kacay kuwii dhintay. Waxay sidoo kale aaminsan yihiin inuu mar kale iman doono si uu u xukumo kuwa nool iyo kuwa dhintay, iyo in dembiyada la cafin doono, kuwa dhintayna la soo sarakicin doono, aadanuhuna heli doono nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/christiantheology-philosophy/</ref> Caqiidooyinkan iyo caqiidooyinka kale ee Masiixiga waxaa si kooban loogu muujiyey caqiidooyinka Masiixiga, gaar ahaan Caqiidada Rasuullada iyo Caqiidada Nikaaya iyo Konstantinoble.<ref>https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/TheTheologyoftheCouncilofNicaea.pdf</ref> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]] Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga Rooma, oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah, dhaqanka Kaniisadda iyo waxbarista rasmiga ah ee Kaniisadda, waxaana ka mid ah toddoba karaamadood.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> [[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee [[Qudus]], sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann]] === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido iyo dhaqan cibaado oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]]. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan ayaa ah hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Alexandria, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda Afrika.<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] 4n3huswou69pbxnumgrphbev7rcxn6x 305248 305247 2026-08-14T20:25:44Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Hordhac 305248 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |} '''Masiixiyad''' waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay wiilka Maryan iyo Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Caqiidooyinka ugu waaweyn == [[File:Nicaea icon.jpg|thumb|Sawirka xusuusta ee Shirkii Nikaaya]] Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin hal Ilaah oo ku jira Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah: Aabbaha, Wiilka iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise Masiix yahay Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo aadane, inuu ka dhashay Maryan oo bikrad ah, loo silciyey oo iskutallaabta lagu qodbay, dhintay oo la aasay, dabadeedna maalintii saddexaad ka soo sara kacay kuwii dhintay. Waxay sidoo kale aaminsan yihiin inuu mar kale iman doono si uu u xukumo kuwa nool iyo kuwa dhintay, iyo in dembiyada la cafin doono, kuwa dhintayna la soo sarakicin doono, aadanuhuna heli doono nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/christiantheology-philosophy/</ref> Caqiidooyinkan iyo caqiidooyinka kale ee Masiixiga waxaa si kooban loogu muujiyey caqiidooyinka Masiixiga, gaar ahaan Caqiidada Rasuullada iyo Caqiidada Nikaaya iyo Konstantinoble.<ref>https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/TheTheologyoftheCouncilofNicaea.pdf</ref> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]] Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga Rooma, oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah, dhaqanka Kaniisadda iyo waxbarista rasmiga ah ee Kaniisadda, waxaana ka mid ah toddoba karaamadood.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> [[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee [[Qudus]], sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann]] === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido iyo dhaqan cibaado oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]]. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan ayaa ah hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Alexandria, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda Afrika.<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] ryhms7agicrz9exnvsdbmkd437u12ij 305249 305248 2026-08-14T20:27:56Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305249 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |} '''Masiixiyad''' waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay wiilka [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)|Maryam]] iyo Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Caqiidooyinka ugu waaweyn == [[File:Nicaea icon.jpg|thumb|Sawirka xusuusta ee Shirkii Nikaaya]] Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin hal Ilaah oo ku jira Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah: Aabbaha, Wiilka iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise Masiix yahay Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo aadane, inuu ka dhashay Maryam oo bikrad ah, loo silciyey oo iskutallaabta lagu qodbay, dhintay oo la aasay, dabadeedna maalintii saddexaad ka soo sara kacay kuwii dhintay. Waxay sidoo kale aaminsan yihiin inuu mar kale iman doono si uu u xukumo kuwa nool iyo kuwa dhintay, iyo in dembiyada la cafin doono, kuwa dhintayna la soo sarakicin doono, aadanuhuna heli doono nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/christiantheology-philosophy/</ref> Caqiidooyinkan iyo caqiidooyinka kale ee Masiixiga waxaa si kooban loogu muujiyey caqiidooyinka Masiixiga, gaar ahaan Caqiidada Rasuullada iyo Caqiidada Nikaaya iyo Konstantinoble.<ref>https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/TheTheologyoftheCouncilofNicaea.pdf</ref> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryam. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]] Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga Rooma, oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah, dhaqanka Kaniisadda iyo waxbarista rasmiga ah ee Kaniisadda, waxaana ka mid ah toddoba karaamadood.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> [[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee [[Qudus]], sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann]] === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido iyo dhaqan cibaado oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]]. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan ayaa ah hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Alexandria, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda Afrika.<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] kplecu14ka4ma36ub1ba0bifpcjpc1f 305250 305249 2026-08-14T20:51:09Z Comendador Sombra 46943 /* Kaniisadda Kaatooligga */ Mad-habyada 305250 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |} '''Masiixiyad''' waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay wiilka [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)|Maryam]] iyo Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Caqiidooyinka ugu waaweyn == [[File:Nicaea icon.jpg|thumb|Sawirka xusuusta ee Shirkii Nikaaya]] Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin hal Ilaah oo ku jira Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah: Aabbaha, Wiilka iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise Masiix yahay Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo aadane, inuu ka dhashay Maryam oo bikrad ah, loo silciyey oo iskutallaabta lagu qodbay, dhintay oo la aasay, dabadeedna maalintii saddexaad ka soo sara kacay kuwii dhintay. Waxay sidoo kale aaminsan yihiin inuu mar kale iman doono si uu u xukumo kuwa nool iyo kuwa dhintay, iyo in dembiyada la cafin doono, kuwa dhintayna la soo sarakicin doono, aadanuhuna heli doono nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/christiantheology-philosophy/</ref> Caqiidooyinkan iyo caqiidooyinka kale ee Masiixiga waxaa si kooban loogu muujiyey caqiidooyinka Masiixiga, gaar ahaan Caqiidada Rasuullada iyo Caqiidada Nikaaya iyo Konstantinoble.<ref>https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/TheTheologyoftheCouncilofNicaea.pdf</ref> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryam. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]][[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee [[Qudus]], sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann]] Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === [[File:Leo XIV (13 October 2025).jpg|thumb|Baadariga Leo XIV]] Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga [[Roma]], oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Kaatooligu wuxuu aaminsan yahay in baadarigu yahay beddelka Rasuul Butros, oo uu sidaas ku sii wado xilkii Ciise Masiix u dhiibay Butros. Kaniisadda Kaatooliga waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo dhaqanka Kaniisadda, waxaana waxbaristeeda rasmiga ah lagu qeexaa caqiidada Kaniisadda.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-Catholicism</ref> Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ka mid tahay rumaysadka Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah, Ciise Masiix oo ah Wiilka Ilaah iyo Badbaadiyaha aadanaha, iyo sarakicidda kuwii dhintay iyo nolosha weligeed ah. Kaatooligu wuxuu sidoo kale si gaar ah u xurmeeyaa Maryam, hooyadii Ciise, oo Kaniisaddu u aqoonsan tahay hooyada Ilaah iyo hooyada Masiixiyiinta. Kaniisadda Kaatooligu waxay sidoo kale aaminsan tahay in Kaniisaddu tahay jirka Masiixa oo ay leedahay hawl ay ugu adeegto dadka iyo faafinta farriinta Injiilka.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> Kaniisadda Kaatooligu waxay aqoonsan tahay toddoba karaamadood: Baabtiiska, Xaqiijinta, Eucharist, Toobadda, Subkidda bukaanka, Amarka wadaaddada iyo Guurka. Karaamadaha waxaa loo kala saaraa saddex qaybood: karaamada bilowga Masiixiga, karaamada bogsiinta iyo karaamada u adeegta wadaagga iyo howlgalka rumaystayaasha.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/sacrament</ref> === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === [[File:Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria.jpg|thumb|Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika]] Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido, cibaado iyo dhaqan kaniisadeed oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxay ka mid yihiin dhaqamada Masiixiga ee ugu faca weyn, waxaana caadi ahaan lagu gartaa ilaalinta caadooyinka iyo cibaadada Kaniisaddii hore. Caqiidada Ortodoksigu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo dhaqanka Quduuska ah ee Kaniisadda. Ortodoksigu wuxuu aaminsan yahay Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah, Ciise Masiix oo ah Wiilka Ilaah iyo Badbaadiyaha aadanaha, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa, iyo nolosha weligeed ah. Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga waxay sidoo kale aqoonsan yihiin toddoba karaamadood, oo ay ka mid yihiin Baabtiiska, Eucharist iyo Guurka. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]], iyo Kaniisado kale oo ismaamul ah. Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan waa hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Askandariya, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda [[Afrika]].<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] dbimd72bpjredsw8aiau171yhdtbdyp 305251 305250 2026-08-14T20:57:28Z Comendador Sombra 46943 /* Mad-habyada */ Martin Luther 305251 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |} '''Masiixiyad''' waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda Ciise Masiix, oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay wiilka [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)|Maryam]] iyo Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Caqiidooyinka ugu waaweyn == [[File:Nicaea icon.jpg|thumb|Sawirka xusuusta ee Shirkii Nikaaya]] Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin hal Ilaah oo ku jira Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah: Aabbaha, Wiilka iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise Masiix yahay Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo aadane, inuu ka dhashay Maryam oo bikrad ah, loo silciyey oo iskutallaabta lagu qodbay, dhintay oo la aasay, dabadeedna maalintii saddexaad ka soo sara kacay kuwii dhintay. Waxay sidoo kale aaminsan yihiin inuu mar kale iman doono si uu u xukumo kuwa nool iyo kuwa dhintay, iyo in dembiyada la cafin doono, kuwa dhintayna la soo sarakicin doono, aadanuhuna heli doono nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/christiantheology-philosophy/</ref> Caqiidooyinkan iyo caqiidooyinka kale ee Masiixiga waxaa si kooban loogu muujiyey caqiidooyinka Masiixiga, gaar ahaan Caqiidada Rasuullada iyo Caqiidada Nikaaya iyo Konstantinoble.<ref>https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/TheTheologyoftheCouncilofNicaea.pdf</ref> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryam. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]]Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === [[File:Saint Peter's Basilica facade, Rome, Italy.jpg|thumb|[[Faatikan]]]] Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga [[Roma]], oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Kaatooligu wuxuu aaminsan yahay in baadarigu yahay beddelka Rasuul Butros, oo uu sidaas ku sii wado xilkii Ciise Masiix u dhiibay Butros. Kaniisadda Kaatooliga waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo dhaqanka Kaniisadda, waxaana waxbaristeeda rasmiga ah lagu qeexaa caqiidada Kaniisadda.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-Catholicism</ref> Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ka mid tahay rumaysadka Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah, Ciise Masiix oo ah Wiilka Ilaah iyo Badbaadiyaha aadanaha, iyo sarakicidda kuwii dhintay iyo nolosha weligeed ah. Kaatooligu wuxuu sidoo kale si gaar ah u xurmeeyaa Maryam, hooyadii Ciise, oo Kaniisaddu u aqoonsan tahay hooyada Ilaah iyo hooyada Masiixiyiinta. Kaniisadda Kaatooligu waxay sidoo kale aaminsan tahay in Kaniisaddu tahay jirka Masiixa oo ay leedahay hawl ay ugu adeegto dadka iyo faafinta farriinta Injiilka.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> Kaniisadda Kaatooligu waxay aqoonsan tahay toddoba karaamadood: Baabtiiska, Xaqiijinta, Eucharist, Toobadda, Subkidda bukaanka, Amarka wadaaddada iyo Guurka. Karaamadaha waxaa loo kala saaraa saddex qaybood: karaamada bilowga Masiixiga, karaamada bogsiinta iyo karaamada u adeegta wadaagga iyo howlgalka rumaystayaasha.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/sacrament</ref> === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === [[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee [[Qudus]], sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann]]Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido, cibaado iyo dhaqan kaniisadeed oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxay ka mid yihiin dhaqamada Masiixiga ee ugu faca weyn, waxaana caadi ahaan lagu gartaa ilaalinta caadooyinka iyo cibaadada Kaniisaddii hore. Caqiidada Ortodoksigu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo dhaqanka Quduuska ah ee Kaniisadda. Ortodoksigu wuxuu aaminsan yahay Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah, Ciise Masiix oo ah Wiilka Ilaah iyo Badbaadiyaha aadanaha, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa, iyo nolosha weligeed ah. Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga waxay sidoo kale aqoonsan yihiin toddoba karaamadood, oo ay ka mid yihiin Baabtiiska, Eucharist iyo Guurka. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]], iyo Kaniisado kale oo ismaamul ah. Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan waa hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Askandariya, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda [[Afrika]].<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === [[File:Martin Luther by Cranach-restoration.tif|thumb|Martin Luther oo uu sameeyay Cranach]] Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] en46q6ancmru138c3li6nm5j0wic0je 305284 305251 2026-08-15T03:47:22Z Comendador Sombra 46943 /* */ 305284 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="vcard vertical-navbox" style="width:15.0em; border-radius:15px; text-align:center; font-size:88%; {{linear-gradient|top|#CC9900, #CC9900}} border:1px solid #CC9900; color:#efefef; clear:left; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em; z-index:-18;" |class="adr"|'''<span class="fn org country-name"></span>''' |- |[[File:Latin cross (bold).svg|upright|frameless|center]]<br /> <small><span style="color: white;">Maqaalkaan waa tix ka mid ah tixaha:</span></small><br /> [[Islaam|<span style="color:white; font-size:200%; font-family:serif;">'''Masiixiyad'''</span>]] |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Shaqsiyaad Muhiim ah</span>'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Ciise|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ciise</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Maryam|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Maryam</span>]]'''<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Firqooyinka</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Faatikan|Catholicism]]<br/> Orthodoxy<br/> Protestantism<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Taariikh iyo Juqraafiga</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> [[Baytulaxam]] - [[Qudus]] - [[Faatikan]] - [[Roma]] [[File:Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano September 2015-1a.jpg|center|100px|border|[[Faatikan]]</span>]]<br/> |- |<div class="NavFrame" style="border:none; padding: 0px; margin:0px"> <div class="NavHead" style="border-radius:4px; {{linear-gradient|top|white}}; padding: 2px; font-size: 100%; text-align:center; margin:0px">'''[[:Category:Masiixiyad|<span style="color:#0000ff; padding-left: 5px;">Sidoo Kale eeg</span>]]'''</div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:center; background:#CC6633; margin:8px; border:none; display:none; color:white"> '''[[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Injiil</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Axdiga Cusub|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Axdiga Cusub</span>]]'''<br/> '''[[Kitaabka quduska|<span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Kitaabka quduska</span>]]'''<br/> |} '''Masiixiyad''' waa diin ka mid ah saddexda diin ee samaawiga ah, oo ay weheliyaan Islaamka iyo Yuhuudiyadda. Diintan waxay ku abtirsataa Ibraahim waxaana lagu tilmaamaa diin Ibraahimiyiin. Masiixiyadda waxay ku dhisan tahay nolosha iyo baridda [[Ciise|Ciise Masiix]], oo Masiixiyiintu aaminsan yihiin inuu yahay wiilka [[Maryam (Masiixiyad)|Maryam]] iyo Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo badbaadiyaha aadanaha. Diintani waxay ka bilaabatay Bariga Dhexe qarnigii koowaad, kadibna waxay ku faafday Yurub, Afrika, iyo Aasiya iyada oo xertiisii iyo raacsayaashiisii gudbinayeen farriintiisa.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> Buugga quduuska ah ee Masiixiyiintu adeegsadaan waa [[Kitaabka quduska|Baybalka]], kaas oo ka kooban laba qaybood: Axdigii Hore iyo Axdiga Cusub. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka warramayaa taariikhda iyo nebiyadii Israa’iil, halka Axdiga Cusub uu diiradda saarayo nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]] waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa, kuwaas oo si kala duwan uga warramaya nolosha iyo farriinta Ciise. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ilaah uu yahay hal Ilaah oo leh saddex weji: Aabbaha, Wiilka (Ciise Masiix), iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Caqiidadan waxaa si rasmi ah loo xoojiyay Shirkii Nikaaya sannadkii 325 miilaadiga. Masiixiyadda ayaa tan iyo markaas ku faaftay dunida oo dhan, iyadoo saameyn weyn ku yeelatay dhaqanka, farshaxanka, iyo taariikhda ilbaxnimada aadanaha. Maanta, Masiixiyiintu waxay ku kala noolyihiin dunida oo dhan, iyaga oo u kala baxa laamo waaweyn sida Katooliga, Ortodoksiga, iyo Protestant-ka. Inkasta oo ay jiraan kala duwanaansho diimeed iyo dhaqan, dhammaantood waxaa mideeya rumaysadka Ciise Masiix iyo fariintiisa ku saabsan jacayl, naxariis, iyo badbaado ruuxi ah. == Asalka erayga == El magaca Masiixiyadda wuxuu la xiriiraa magaca Masiix, kaas oo macnihiisu yahay «la subkay» oo u dhigma erayga Cibraaniga ah ''māšîaḥ'' iyo erayga [[Giriiga|Giriigga]] ah ''Christós''. Asalka ereyga waxaa lagu sheegay kitaabka Falimaha Rasuullada:<blockquote>²⁶ markuu soo helayna, ayuu Antiyokh keenay. Waxaana dhacday inay sannad dhan kiniisadda la urureen oo ay dad badan wax bareen, oo meeshii ugu horraysay ee xertii loogu yeedhay Masiixiyiin waxay ahayd Antiyokh.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/qisadooyin-injiilka-iyo-falimaha-rasuullada/falimaha-rasuullada</ref></blockquote> == Caqiidooyinka ugu waaweyn == [[File:Nicaea icon.jpg|thumb|Sawirka xusuusta ee Shirkii Nikaaya]] Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin hal Ilaah oo ku jira Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah: Aabbaha, Wiilka iyo Ruuxa Quduuska ah. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in Ciise Masiix yahay Wiilka Ilaah, isla markaana yahay Ilaah iyo aadane, inuu ka dhashay Maryam oo bikrad ah, loo silciyey oo iskutallaabta lagu qodbay, dhintay oo la aasay, dabadeedna maalintii saddexaad ka soo sara kacay kuwii dhintay. Waxay sidoo kale aaminsan yihiin inuu mar kale iman doono si uu u xukumo kuwa nool iyo kuwa dhintay, iyo in dembiyada la cafin doono, kuwa dhintayna la soo sarakicin doono, aadanuhuna heli doono nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/christiantheology-philosophy/</ref> Caqiidooyinkan iyo caqiidooyinka kale ee Masiixiga waxaa si kooban loogu muujiyey caqiidooyinka Masiixiga, gaar ahaan Caqiidada Rasuullada iyo Caqiidada Nikaaya iyo Konstantinoble.<ref>https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/TheTheologyoftheCouncilofNicaea.pdf</ref> == Afarta Injiil == ===Aragtida Masiixiyiinta=== Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa. [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|[[Sayid Ciise Masiix]]]] Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas. * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah: * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryam. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah. Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah. Afarta Injiil waa laf-dhabarta caqiidada Masiixiga. Waxay bixiyaan aragtiyo kala duwan laakiin is-waafaqsan oo ku saabsan Ciise — noloshiisa, fariintiisa jacaylka, naxariistiisa, iyo rajo nolosha weligeed ah. Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix. == Mad-habyada == [[File:Christianity major branches.svg|thumb|laamaha Masiixiyadda]]Taariikhda Masiixiyadda waxaa lagu arkay kala qaybsanaan badan oo horseeday inay samaysmaan kooxo iyo madhabyo kala duwan oo leh caqiidooyin iyo dhaqammo u gaar ah, kuwaas oo ku kala duwan dhaqanka iyo goobta. Kala qaybsanaanta waaweyn ee Masiixiyadda lafteedu ma aha kuwo isku mid ah, maadaama laamaha qaarkood ay dhexdooda ku jiraan khilaafaadyo waaweyn, halka kala soocidda laamaha waaweyn aysan mar walba ka tarjumayn isu-dhowaanshaha iyo xiriirrada ka dhexeeya kooxaha kala duwan. Tan iyo [[Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka]], Masiixiyadda waxaa badanaa loo qaybiyaa saddex laamood oo waaweyn: [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga|Kaatoliga]], [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] iyo Protestant-ka, laakiin taariikh ahaan waxaa jiray kuwo badan oo kale.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christianity</ref> === Kaniisadda Kaatooligga === [[File:Saint Peter's Basilica facade, Rome, Italy.jpg|thumb|[[Faatikan]]]] Kaatoligu waa laanta ugu weyn ee Masiixiyadda, waxaana hoggaamiya baadariga [[Roma]], oo ah hoggaamiyaha ugu sarreeya ee Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Kaatooligu wuxuu aaminsan yahay in baadarigu yahay beddelka Rasuul Butros, oo uu sidaas ku sii wado xilkii Ciise Masiix u dhiibay Butros. Kaniisadda Kaatooliga waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo dhaqanka Kaniisadda, waxaana waxbaristeeda rasmiga ah lagu qeexaa caqiidada Kaniisadda.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-Catholicism</ref> Caqiidada Kaatooligu waxay ka mid tahay rumaysadka Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah, Ciise Masiix oo ah Wiilka Ilaah iyo Badbaadiyaha aadanaha, iyo sarakicidda kuwii dhintay iyo nolosha weligeed ah. Kaatooligu wuxuu sidoo kale si gaar ah u xurmeeyaa Maryam, hooyadii Ciise, oo Kaniisaddu u aqoonsan tahay hooyada Ilaah iyo hooyada Masiixiyiinta. Kaniisadda Kaatooligu waxay sidoo kale aaminsan tahay in Kaniisaddu tahay jirka Masiixa oo ay leedahay hawl ay ugu adeegto dadka iyo faafinta farriinta Injiilka.<ref>https://www.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html</ref> Kaniisadda Kaatooligu waxay aqoonsan tahay toddoba karaamadood: Baabtiiska, Xaqiijinta, Eucharist, Toobadda, Subkidda bukaanka, Amarka wadaaddada iyo Guurka. Karaamadaha waxaa loo kala saaraa saddex qaybood: karaamada bilowga Masiixiga, karaamada bogsiinta iyo karaamada u adeegta wadaagga iyo howlgalka rumaystayaasha.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/sacrament</ref> === Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga === [[File:Church of the Holy Sepulchre by Gerd Eichmann (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kaniisadda Qubuuraha Quduuska ah ee [[Qudus]], sawir uu qaaday Gerd Eichmann]]Ortodoksigu wuxuu ka kooban yahay Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga Bari, kuwaas oo wadaaga caqiido, cibaado iyo dhaqan kaniisadeed oo isku dhow, isla markaana u abaabulan Kaniisado ismaamul ah. Waxay ka mid yihiin dhaqamada Masiixiga ee ugu faca weyn, waxaana caadi ahaan lagu gartaa ilaalinta caadooyinka iyo cibaadada Kaniisaddii hore. Caqiidada Ortodoksigu waxay ku dhisan tahay Kitaabka Quduuska ah iyo dhaqanka Quduuska ah ee Kaniisadda. Ortodoksigu wuxuu aaminsan yahay Saddexmidnimada Quduuska ah, Ciise Masiix oo ah Wiilka Ilaah iyo Badbaadiyaha aadanaha, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa, iyo nolosha weligeed ah. Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga waxay sidoo kale aqoonsan yihiin toddoba karaamadood, oo ay ka mid yihiin Baabtiiska, Eucharist iyo Guurka. <ref>https://www.goarch.org/-/the-orthodox-church-an-introduction</ref> Kaniisadaha Ortodoksiga waxaa ka mid ah Patriarhigyada taariikhiga ah ee [[Konstantinoble]] ([[Istanbuul]]), [[Askandariya]], [[Andaakiya]] iyo [[Qudus]], iyo Kaniisado kale oo ismaamul ah. Baadariga iyo Patriarhiga Askandariya iyo Afrika oo dhan waa hoggaamiyaha Patriarhigga Askandariya, kaas oo awooddiisa kaniisadeed ku fidsan tahay dhammaan qaaradda [[Afrika]].<ref>https://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/the-patriarchate/patriarcheio-istorika-stoicheia/?lang=en</ref> === Protestant-ka === [[File:Martin Luther by Cranach-restoration.tif|thumb|Martin Luther oo uu sameeyay Cranach]] Protestant-ku wuxuu ka soo baxay Yurub xilligii Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka qarnigii 16aad, waxaana asal ahaan ka dhashay dhaqdhaqaaqyo diimeed oo dhaliilay qaar ka mid ah caqiidooyinka iyo dhaqamada Kaniisadda Kaatooliga. Tan iyo xilligaas, Protestant-ku wuxuu u kala baxay laamo iyo firqooyin badan, oo ay ka mid yihiin Lutheranism-ka, Calvinism-ka, Anglicanism-ka iyo Methodism-ka.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Protestant</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Yuhuuda]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/>[https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} [[Category:Masiixiyad| ]] [[Category:Diin]] gjdmaqhmiu3upckzvw85w4z94xexoj5 0 2950 305216 268114 2026-08-14T18:29:49Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Qeybaha 305216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Garima Gospels.jpg|thumb|Axdiga Cusub]] '''Cahdiga Cusub''' waa qaybta labaad ee Baybalka oo ka ka kooban 27 cutub. Waxaa ugu horreeya afarta [[Injiil]]ood oo isugu xiga sidatan: [[Mateeyos]], [[Maarkos]], [[Luuka]], iyo [[Yohaana]]. Ka dibna Hawlihii Nabiyada iyo 14 dhambaal oo uu Bool diray iyo 7 dhambaal oo ay qaar kale qoreen ayaa la raaciyey. Waxaa intaas dheer cutubka Muujintii oo lagu xiray. * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Masiixiyad]] * [[Ciise]] * [https://www.wordproject.org/bibles/so/ Kitaabka quduska] {{commons|Category:New Testament|Axdiga Cusub}} [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] 2863g2d3ug75s00c0hyhqljtchk9jeh 305278 305216 2026-08-15T03:20:15Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Qaybo 305278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Garima Gospels.jpg|thumb|Axdiga Cusub]] '''Axdiga Cusub''' waa qaybta labaad ee [[Kitaabka quduska]], waxaana uu ka kooban yahay 27 buug oo ku qoran af Giriiggii hore. Waxa uu ka hadlayaa nolosha iyo waxbariddii [[Ciise|Ciise Masiix]], dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa, iyo fiditaankii [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] ee qarniyadii hore. Qoraalladiisu waxay sidoo kale ka warramaan aasaaskii iyo horumarkii kaniisaddii hore, iyagoo xambaarsan fariimo, waxbarid iyo qoraallo loogu talagalay bulshooyinka Masiixiyiinta ah.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/New-Testament</ref> Axdiga Cusub waxa uu ka kooban yahay afar [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiil]], Buugga Falimaha Rasuullada, 21 warqadood ama dhambaal, iyo Buugga Muujintii. Afarta Injiil waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Buugga Falimaha Rasuulladu wuxuu ka warramaa hawlihii rasuullada iyo fiditaankii fariinta Masiixiga, halka warqaduhu ay ka hadlayaan arrimo la xiriira caqiidada iyo nolosha Masiixiyiinta. Buugga Muujintii, oo ah buugga ugu dambeeya Axdiga Cusub, wuxuu ka kooban yahay aragtiyo iyo waxsii sheegid ku saabsan dhammaadka wakhtiga. == Qaybo == === [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] === Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ku bilaabmaa afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Waxay ka warramaan nolosha, waxbariddii iyo hawshii Ciise Masiix, iyo sidoo kale dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa. Matayos, Markos iyo Luukos waxaa loo yaqaan Injiillada isku-eg, maadaama ay wadaagaan waxyaabo badan oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka iyo waxbaridda Ciise. Injiilka Yooxanaa wuxuu kaga duwan yahay saddexda kale qaab-dhismeedkiisa iyo habka uu u soo bandhigo qofnimada iyo waxbaridda Ciise.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gospel-New-Testament</ref> === Falimaha Rasuullada === Falimaha Rasuullada wuxuu ka warramaa dhacdooyinkii ka dambeeyay sarakiciddii iyo koritaankii Ciise Masiix iyo fiditaankii hore ee Masiixiyadda. Wuxuu si gaar ah uga hadlayaa hawlihii rasuullada, gaar ahaan Butros iyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]], iyo sida fariinta Masiixigu uga faaftay Yeruusaalem una gaartay meelo kale oo ka tirsan Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Buuggu wuxuu sidoo kale ka warramaa samaysankii iyo horumarkii bulshooyinkii Masiixiyiinta ee ugu horreeyay.<ref>https://books.google.com.co/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&redir_esc=y</ref> === Warqadaha === [[File:Divi Pauli Apostoli epistolae by Ulrich Zwingli, Einsiedeln 1517, Zentralbibliothek Zürich, RP 15.jpg|thumb|Bilowga qoraal-gacmeed Giriig ah oo uu Huldrych Zwingli ka qoray warqadaha Bawlos sannadkii 1517, kaas oo lagu kaydiyo Maktabadda Dhexe ee Zürich (Zentralbibliothek Zürich).]] Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ka kooban yahay 21 warqadood, kuwaas oo loo qoray kaniisado, kooxo rumaystayaal ah iyo shakhsiyaad. Waxaa loo kala qaybiyaa warqadaha Bawlos iyo warqadaha guud.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130601181717/http://www.ixoyc.net/data/Fathers/134.pdf</ref> ==== Warqadaha Bawlos ==== Warqadaha Bawlos waa 14 warqadood oo dhaqan ahaan loo nisbeeyo rasuul Bawlos. Waxaa ka mid ah warqado loo diray kaniisado ku yaallay meelo kala duwan iyo kuwo loo qoray shakhsiyaad. Waxay ka hadlaan arrimo la xiriira caqiidada Masiixiga, nolosha rumaystayaasha iyo xaaladaha bulshooyinkii Masiixiyiinta ee hore.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle</ref> Warqaddii: * Rooma * 1 Korintos * 2 Korintos * Galatiya * Efesos * Filiboy * Kolosay * 1 Tesaloniika * 2 Tesaloniika * 1 Timoteyos * 2 Timoteyos * Tiitos * Filemon ==== Warqadaha guud ==== Warqadaha guud waa toddoba warqadood oo ka tirsan Axdiga Cusub, kuwaas oo dhaqan ahaan loo nisbeeyo qoraayaal kala duwan. Waxaa ka mid ah warqadaha Yacquub, Butros, Yooxanaa iyo Yuudas, halka Warqadda Cibraaniyada aan qoraageeda si cad loo aqoon. Warqadahani waxay ka hadlaan caqiidada, akhlaaqda iyo nolosha bulshooyinka Masiixiyiinta.<ref>https://www.theologyofwork.org/new-testament/general-epistles/introduction-general-epistles/</ref> Warqaddii: [[File:ApocalypseStSeverFol026vJohnRecievesRev.jpg|thumb|Yooxanaa wuxuu helayaa Muujintiisa, Beatus-ka Saint-Sever, qarnigii 11aad.]] * Cibraaniyada * Yacquub * 1 Butros * 2 Butros * 1 Yooxanaa * 2 Yooxanaa * 3 Yooxanaa * Yuudas === Muujintii Yooxanaa === Muujintii Yooxanaa waa buugga ugu dambeeya Axdiga Cusub. Waa qoraal leh qaab waxsii-sheegid iyo aragtiyo astaan ah, waxaana ku jira muuqaallo la xiriira xukunka Ilaah, halganka u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta iyo dhacdooyinka la xiriira dhammaadka wakhtiga. Buuggu wuxuu ku dhammaadaa aragti ku saabsan guusha ugu dambaysa ee wanaagga iyo nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://books.google.com.co/books?id=AmMEhsEYHUsC&pg=PA3&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Masiixiyad]] * [[Ciise]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == {{commons|Category:New Testament|Axdiga Cusub}} [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] mqg5xurvbhiymgtf8usltiqzt1z6gtw 305279 305278 2026-08-15T03:21:18Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Garima Gospels.jpg|thumb|Axdiga Cusub]] '''Axdiga Cusub''' waa qaybta labaad ee [[Kitaabka quduska]], waxaana uu ka kooban yahay 27 buug oo ku qoran af Giriiggii hore. Waxa uu ka hadlayaa nolosha iyo waxbariddii [[Ciise|Ciise Masiix]], dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa, iyo fiditaankii [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] ee qarniyadii hore. Qoraalladiisu waxay sidoo kale ka warramaan aasaaskii iyo horumarkii kaniisaddii hore, iyagoo xambaarsan fariimo, waxbarid iyo qoraallo loogu talagalay bulshooyinka Masiixiyiinta ah.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/New-Testament</ref> Axdiga Cusub waxa uu ka kooban yahay afar [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiil]], Buugga Falimaha Rasuullada, 21 warqadood ama dhambaal, iyo Buugga Muujintii. Afarta Injiil waa Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Buugga Falimaha Rasuulladu wuxuu ka warramaa hawlihii rasuullada iyo fiditaankii fariinta Masiixiga, halka warqaduhu ay ka hadlayaan arrimo la xiriira caqiidada iyo nolosha Masiixiyiinta. Buugga Muujintii, oo ah buugga ugu dambeeya Axdiga Cusub, wuxuu ka kooban yahay aragtiyo iyo waxsii sheegid ku saabsan dhammaadka wakhtiga. == Qaybo == === [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] === Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ku bilaabmaa afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Waxay ka warramaan nolosha, waxbariddii iyo hawshii Ciise Masiix, iyo sidoo kale dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisa. Matayos, Markos iyo Luukos waxaa loo yaqaan Injiillada isku-eg, maadaama ay wadaagaan waxyaabo badan oo ku saabsan dhacdooyinka iyo waxbaridda Ciise. Injiilka Yooxanaa wuxuu kaga duwan yahay saddexda kale qaab-dhismeedkiisa iyo habka uu u soo bandhigo qofnimada iyo waxbaridda Ciise.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gospel-New-Testament</ref> === Falimaha Rasuullada === Falimaha Rasuullada wuxuu ka warramaa dhacdooyinkii ka dambeeyay sarakiciddii iyo koritaankii Ciise Masiix iyo fiditaankii hore ee Masiixiyadda. Wuxuu si gaar ah uga hadlayaa hawlihii rasuullada, gaar ahaan Butros iyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]], iyo sida fariinta Masiixigu uga faaftay Yeruusaalem una gaartay meelo kale oo ka tirsan Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Buuggu wuxuu sidoo kale ka warramaa samaysankii iyo horumarkii bulshooyinkii Masiixiyiinta ee ugu horreeyay.<ref>https://books.google.com.co/books?id=2pYDsAhUOxAC&redir_esc=y</ref> === Warqadaha === [[File:Divi Pauli Apostoli epistolae by Ulrich Zwingli, Einsiedeln 1517, Zentralbibliothek Zürich, RP 15.jpg|thumb|Bilowga qoraal-gacmeed Giriig ah oo uu Huldrych Zwingli ka qoray warqadaha Bawlos sannadkii 1517, kaas oo lagu kaydiyo Maktabadda Dhexe ee Zürich (Zentralbibliothek Zürich).]] Axdiga Cusub wuxuu ka kooban yahay 21 warqadood, kuwaas oo loo qoray kaniisado, kooxo rumaystayaal ah iyo shakhsiyaad. Waxaa loo kala qaybiyaa warqadaha Bawlos iyo warqadaha guud.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130601181717/http://www.ixoyc.net/data/Fathers/134.pdf</ref> ==== Warqadaha Bawlos ==== Warqadaha Bawlos waa 14 warqadood oo dhaqan ahaan loo nisbeeyo rasuul Bawlos. Waxaa ka mid ah warqado loo diray kaniisado ku yaallay meelo kala duwan iyo kuwo loo qoray shakhsiyaad. Waxay ka hadlaan arrimo la xiriira caqiidada Masiixiga, nolosha rumaystayaasha iyo xaaladaha bulshooyinkii Masiixiyiinta ee hore.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle</ref> Warqaddii: * Rooma * 1 Korintos * 2 Korintos * Galatiya * Efesos * Filiboy * Kolosay * 1 Tesaloniika * 2 Tesaloniika * 1 Timoteyos * 2 Timoteyos * Tiitos * Filemon ==== Warqadaha guud ==== Warqadaha guud waa toddoba warqadood oo ka tirsan Axdiga Cusub, kuwaas oo dhaqan ahaan loo nisbeeyo qoraayaal kala duwan. Waxaa ka mid ah warqadaha Yacquub, Butros, Yooxanaa iyo Yuudas, halka Warqadda Cibraaniyada aan qoraageeda si cad loo aqoon. Warqadahani waxay ka hadlaan caqiidada, akhlaaqda iyo nolosha bulshooyinka Masiixiyiinta.<ref>https://www.theologyofwork.org/new-testament/general-epistles/introduction-general-epistles/</ref> Warqaddii: [[File:ApocalypseStSeverFol026vJohnRecievesRev.jpg|thumb|Yooxanaa wuxuu helayaa Muujintiisa, Beatus-ka Saint-Sever, qarnigii 11aad.]] * Cibraaniyada * Yacquub * 1 Butros * 2 Butros * 1 Yooxanaa * 2 Yooxanaa * 3 Yooxanaa * Yuudas === Muujintii Yooxanaa === Muujintii Yooxanaa waa buugga ugu dambeeya Axdiga Cusub. Waa qoraal leh qaab waxsii-sheegid iyo aragtiyo astaan ah, waxaana ku jira muuqaallo la xiriira xukunka Ilaah, halganka u dhexeeya wanaagga iyo xumaanta iyo dhacdooyinka la xiriira dhammaadka wakhtiga. Buuggu wuxuu ku dhammaadaa aragti ku saabsan guusha ugu dambaysa ee wanaagga iyo nolosha weligeed ah.<ref>https://books.google.com.co/books?id=AmMEhsEYHUsC&pg=PA3&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Masiixiyad]] * [[Ciise]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == {{commons|Category:New Testament|Axdiga Cusub}} [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Diin]] <references /> [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] byy72ij5lluhy041sy57pn5wpjnl9aw 0 3475 305219 241654 2026-08-14T18:33:37Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Qeybaha 305219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Axdigii Hore''' ee Baybalku intiisa badan wuxuu ka hadlayaa wax loogu yeedho ''Dadkii Ilaah'' (reer Banii Israa’iil) – dhibaatooyinkii ay soo mareen, halgankoodii, geesiyaashoodii, hoggaamiyeyaashoodii, cuqaashoodii, wadaadadoodii, iyo nebiyadoodii. Sheekooyikaas xudduntoodu waa in Ilaah dadkiisa ''reer Banii Israa’iil'' – si walba oo ay ugu caasiyaan – uusan ka quusanayn. Ilaahoodu mar walba oo ay ku caasiyaan garabkooda ayuu ka baxayey, ka dibna guul darro iyo dhib ayey mudanayeen, haddana Isagu sidaas kuma eeganayn ee wuxuu mar walba oo loo yaabo dhexdooda ka soo saarayey halyey waddada Ilaahooda tusa, dabadeedna u horseeda guul. Hoggaamiyayaashaas qudhooda ayaa iyaguna sidoo kale ku kici jiray dembiyo iyo caasinimo, taas oo sabab u noqon jirtay inay xilalkooda ka dhacaan. Reer Bani Israa’iil waxay mar walba dagaal ugu jireen sidii ay u qabsan lahaayeen una hanan lahaayeen gacan ku haynta dhulka ''reer Kancaan'', kaas oo ay rumaysan yihiin in Eebbe iyaga u ballan qaaday markii ay ka soo qaxeen [[Masar]]. * [[Kitaabka quduska]] * [[Towraad]] * [https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm Kitaabka quduska] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm |date=20210622015451 }} * [https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/war-wanaagsan-ilaahay-ka-yimid/warka-wanaagsan-kitaabka-ku-jiro-ilaahay-ka-yimid/ Miyuu Warka Wanaagsan Ilaahay ka Yimid?] {{commons|Category:Old Testament|Axdigii Hore}} [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] 9u79dmcx51gvodpnkehlvkhw05v2lux 0 4367 305293 304722 2026-08-15T08:33:19Z ~2026-44784-95 46968 /* Mohamed Siwaaqroon */ 305293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Siwaaqron <br> صواخرون <hr/> <small> Darod Somali Clan |image =[[File:Aluula district.png|130px|Aluula_district]] [[File:DJI 0548-2.jpg|130px|DJI_0548-2]] |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = Other [[majeerteen]] [[harti]] [[Daarood]] |flag=|regions='''Ethnicity''' [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|30px|Flag_of_Somalia]] '''Region''' [[File:Flag of Raas Caseyr State.svg|30px|Flag_of_Raas_Caseyr_State]] [[Sanaag]] [[Raas-Caseyr]], [[Puntland]], [[Somalia]]|pop1=|region1='''Bosaaso, Caluula, Xaafuun, Ceerigaabo laasasurad, Carta-bari,'''|flag_caption=}} '''Siwaaqroon''' ({{lang-en|''Siwaqron''}}); huseen Talareer Siwaqroon waa beel ka mid ah majeerteen (sub-clan) majeerteen waxey Beeshu dektaa puntland, gobolka Bari, Raas Casayr, Cape Guardafui (Gardafu), gobolka Sanaag, Jubbada Hoose, Kismaayo iyo dalalka Yemen iyo Oman Beeshu waxey caan ku tahay Xadaarada ganacsiga, Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey degaan degmooyinka ugu qadiimsan Soomaliya ee dhaca labada badood, bada gacanka cadmeed iyo badwaynta hindiya Guardafui. ==Xuseen (Siwaaqroon)== Xuseen (Siwaqroon) waxaa uu u kala baxaa sidaan:- Xuseen Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay labo (2) 1) Mohamed Siwaaqroon. Iyo 2) Nuuh Siwaaqroon <nowiki>'''Mohammed Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay 2'''</nowiki> Daa’uud Daa’uud wuxuu dhalay labo 2 Muse Daaud iyo Ahmed Daaud (Gahayle) Axmed Daaud (Gahayle) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Max'ed (Gumaroon) Xasan (Abroone) Max'ed (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar Xasan (Gumaroon) Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar wuxuu dhalay: Saciid Xaamud Xasan (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Cawl Xasan R.Carab iyo Cigaal Xasan Xasan (Abroone) wuxuu dhalay 7: * Cisman Xasan * Yuusuf * Rooble Xasan * Aadan * Cali * Yoonis * Daahir Cisman Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cali Xasan Rooble Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cawlyahan Rooble. <nowiki>'''Nuuh Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay 2'''</nowiki> Dhaadaar Nuuh Abdiraxman Nuuh Abdirahmaan Nuuh wuxuu dhalay 3. Aadan Abdiraxman Abokor Abdiraxman Oday ma’arke Abdiraxman Aadan Abdiraxmaan wuxuu dhalay Abdisamed Abdisamed wuxuu dhalay 4 Ibrahim Abdisamad. Liiban Abdisamad Yoonis Abdisamad. Mohamud Abdisamad Abokor Abdiraxman wuxuu dhalay Cawlyahan Cawlyahan wuxuu dhalay 4 Ciise Cawlyahan Jibriil Cawlyahan Yuusuf Cawlyahan (reer Beeldaaje) Hashim Cawlyaha Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey ka qeyb gashay la dagaallanka gumeystayaasha Talyaaniha Burtuqiiska iyo Ingiriiska. ==DADKA CAANKA AH== EE KADHASHAY BEELWAYNTA SIWAAQROON:''' # '''Halgamaa Cumar Samatar:''' Halgamaa cumar samatar waxa uu ku dhashay dagmada caluula ee gobolka Bari [[soomaaliya]] sanadii 1905 halkaas oo uu kuso bar baaray wax barashadiisii asaasiga ahna kusoo qaatay, halgamaa Cumar Samatar waxa uu ahaa Abaanduulihii ciidamadii Cali Yuusuf Keenadiid ee Hobyo, ilaa yaraantiisii waxa uu aad u jeclaa sidii uu dhulkiisa u difaaci lahaa oo gumaysihii xiligaas [[soomaaliya]] kusoo duulay uga xoran lahaa waana tan ku kaliftay in isaga oo dhalinyaro ah bilaabo halganka gumaysi ladirika ah. mudo kadib halgamagu waxa uu usoo wareegay gobolada dhexe ee somalia halkaas oo ahayd meeshi uu kabilaaby halganka gumaysi ladirika ah dagaaalkii ugu horeeyay ee dhexmara cumar iyo talyaaniga waxa uu dhacay 09/november/1925 waxaana jabwayn soo gaaray gumaystaha lagana qabsaday dagmada ceel buur iyo toolooyin hoos yimaada. 20 bidhii 11 isla sanadkii 1925 dagaal lagu hoobtay oo ka dhacay meel u dhaxaysa degaanka budh-budh iyo dagmada buula burde ayaa waxa halgamayaasha u suuro gashay in ay dagaalkaas ku dhilaan horjoogihii ciidanka gumaystaha oo lagu magacaabi jiray (lieutenant colonel splendorelli), inkastoo halganku socday mudo 6 bilood ah hadana dagaaladaas isdaba jooga ahaa waxaa gumaystaha kasoo gaaray jab aad u xun waxaan gacantiisa ka baxay dhulal badan oo uu gumaysanaayay. mudo kadib talyaanigu waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu kataqaluso ciidanki uu halgamaa cumar hogaaminayay, halgamaaguna wa uu u baxsaday wadanka [[ethopia]] oo dagaal kula jirtay talyaaniga. inkastoo aaysan dadka somaliyeed wax badan kalasocon taariikhda halgamaaga hadana goobaha taariikhiga ah ee halgamaaga loogu magacdaray waxaa ka mid ah iskuulka weyn ee magaalada [[Galkayo]] cumar samatar secondary school (CSSS) Xiriirka wada mideeyay cumar iyo [[Ethopia]] waxa uu ahaa in ay lawada dagaalamayeen gumaystihii talyaaniga waana arinta keentay in halgamaagu uu taageero saanadee ka helo boqortooydii xiligaas itoobiya katalinaysay, sido murkii uu soo dhaaday halganku waxaa halgamaaga loogu magacdaray jaamacado kuyaala [[Ethiopia]] iyo meelo kale oo halbowle u ah bulshada. # Wasiir Aadan Maxamed Cali : Waa Wasiir Hore Dawladi Maxamed Siyaad Bare. Wuxuuna Ahaa Wasiirkii Ugu Xilka Dheeraa oo soo qabtay wasaarado kaladuwan. # Beeldaaje Ismaaciil Beeldaaje Yaasiin: Beeldaajaha Guud Ee Cal Bari # Col. Saalax Xaashi Carab: Kornaylku wuxuu derejooyin sare ka soo qabtay ciidankii Badda ee Dawladdii Soomaaliyeed burburka ka hor. Burburkiina wuxuu ka mid ah dadkii juhdiga badan geliyay dib u xasilinta Soomaaliya. Wuxuu qoray buugag dhaxal u ah Soomaalida oo ka qoray aqoonta Badda Soomaalida iyo cilmi-baarisyadii uu ku sameeyay mudadii oo hoggaaminayay ciidanka. Waxaase xusid leh buugga ugu weyn ee Qaamuuska Soomaalida oo loo yaqaan Illeeye. Waa buug lagu aruuriyay ilaa 50,000 oo erey iyo macluumaad qaamuuseed kale oo muhiim u ah Soomaalida. Waa qaamuus ibbo-furay xuruuf kale oo labanlaabma oo aan ahayn intii hore ee la isla qaatay. <ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Siwaaqroon}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category: Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category: Soomaali]] <references /> [[Category:Siwaaqroon]] i2aa55w301x4744lbb701uui244f16z 305294 305293 2026-08-15T08:37:48Z ~2026-44784-95 46968 /* Xuseen (Siwaaqroon) */ 305294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group| |group = Siwaaqron <br> صواخرون <hr/> <small> Darod Somali Clan |image =[[File:Aluula district.png|130px|Aluula_district]] [[File:DJI 0548-2.jpg|130px|DJI_0548-2]] |langs = [[Af-Soomaali]] |rels = [[Islam| Islam Sunni]] |related-c = Other [[majeerteen]] [[harti]] [[Daarood]] |flag=|regions='''Ethnicity''' [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|30px|Flag_of_Somalia]] '''Region''' [[File:Flag of Raas Caseyr State.svg|30px|Flag_of_Raas_Caseyr_State]] [[Sanaag]] [[Raas-Caseyr]], [[Puntland]], [[Somalia]]|pop1=|region1='''Bosaaso, Caluula, Xaafuun, Ceerigaabo laasasurad, Carta-bari,'''|flag_caption=}} '''Siwaaqroon''' ({{lang-en|''Siwaqron''}}); huseen Talareer Siwaqroon waa beel ka mid ah majeerteen (sub-clan) majeerteen waxey Beeshu dektaa puntland, gobolka Bari, Raas Casayr, Cape Guardafui (Gardafu), gobolka Sanaag, Jubbada Hoose, Kismaayo iyo dalalka Yemen iyo Oman Beeshu waxey caan ku tahay Xadaarada ganacsiga, Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey degaan degmooyinka ugu qadiimsan Soomaliya ee dhaca labada badood, bada gacanka cadmeed iyo badwaynta hindiya Guardafui. ==Siwaaqroon== Xuseen (Siwaqroon) waxaa uu u kala baxaa sidaan:- Xuseen Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay labo (2) 1) Mohamed Siwaaqroon. Iyo 2) Nuuh Siwaaqroon '''Mohammed Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay 2''' Daa’uud Daa’uud wuxuu dhalay labo 2 Muse Daaud iyo Ahmed Daaud (Gahayle) Axmed Daaud (Gahayle) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Max'ed (Gumaroon) Xasan (Abroone) Max'ed (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar Xasan (Gumaroon) Xaamud (Gumaroon) R.Dacar wuxuu dhalay: Saciid Xaamud Xasan (Gumaroon) wuxuu dhalay labo 2: Cawl Xasan R.Carab iyo Cigaal Xasan Xasan (Abroone) wuxuu dhalay 7: * Cisman Xasan * Yuusuf * Rooble Xasan * Aadan * Cali * Yoonis * Daahir Cisman Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cali Xasan Rooble Xasan wuxuu dhalay: Cawlyahan Rooble. '''Nuuh Siwaaqroon wuxuu dhalay 2''' Dhaadaar Nuuh Abdiraxman Nuuh Abdirahmaan Nuuh wuxuu dhalay 3. Aadan Abdiraxman Abokor Abdiraxman Oday ma’arke Abdiraxman Aadan Abdiraxmaan wuxuu dhalay Abdisamed Abdisamed wuxuu dhalay 4 Ibrahim Abdisamad. Liiban Abdisamad Yoonis Abdisamad. Mohamud Abdisamad Abokor Abdiraxman wuxuu dhalay Cawlyahan Cawlyahan wuxuu dhalay 4 Ciise Cawlyahan Jibriil Cawlyahan Yuusuf Cawlyahan (reer Beeldaaje) Hashim Cawlyaha Beesha Siwaqroon waxeey ka qeyb gashay la dagaallanka gumeystayaasha Talyaaniha Burtuqiiska iyo Ingiriiska. ==DADKA CAANKA AH== EE KADHASHAY BEELWAYNTA SIWAAQROON:''' # '''Halgamaa Cumar Samatar:''' Halgamaa cumar samatar waxa uu ku dhashay dagmada caluula ee gobolka Bari [[soomaaliya]] sanadii 1905 halkaas oo uu kuso bar baaray wax barashadiisii asaasiga ahna kusoo qaatay, halgamaa Cumar Samatar waxa uu ahaa Abaanduulihii ciidamadii Cali Yuusuf Keenadiid ee Hobyo, ilaa yaraantiisii waxa uu aad u jeclaa sidii uu dhulkiisa u difaaci lahaa oo gumaysihii xiligaas [[soomaaliya]] kusoo duulay uga xoran lahaa waana tan ku kaliftay in isaga oo dhalinyaro ah bilaabo halganka gumaysi ladirika ah. mudo kadib halgamagu waxa uu usoo wareegay gobolada dhexe ee somalia halkaas oo ahayd meeshi uu kabilaaby halganka gumaysi ladirika ah dagaaalkii ugu horeeyay ee dhexmara cumar iyo talyaaniga waxa uu dhacay 09/november/1925 waxaana jabwayn soo gaaray gumaystaha lagana qabsaday dagmada ceel buur iyo toolooyin hoos yimaada. 20 bidhii 11 isla sanadkii 1925 dagaal lagu hoobtay oo ka dhacay meel u dhaxaysa degaanka budh-budh iyo dagmada buula burde ayaa waxa halgamayaasha u suuro gashay in ay dagaalkaas ku dhilaan horjoogihii ciidanka gumaystaha oo lagu magacaabi jiray (lieutenant colonel splendorelli), inkastoo halganku socday mudo 6 bilood ah hadana dagaaladaas isdaba jooga ahaa waxaa gumaystaha kasoo gaaray jab aad u xun waxaan gacantiisa ka baxay dhulal badan oo uu gumaysanaayay. mudo kadib talyaanigu waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu kataqaluso ciidanki uu halgamaa cumar hogaaminayay, halgamaaguna wa uu u baxsaday wadanka [[ethopia]] oo dagaal kula jirtay talyaaniga. inkastoo aaysan dadka somaliyeed wax badan kalasocon taariikhda halgamaaga hadana goobaha taariikhiga ah ee halgamaaga loogu magacdaray waxaa ka mid ah iskuulka weyn ee magaalada [[Galkayo]] cumar samatar secondary school (CSSS) Xiriirka wada mideeyay cumar iyo [[Ethopia]] waxa uu ahaa in ay lawada dagaalamayeen gumaystihii talyaaniga waana arinta keentay in halgamaagu uu taageero saanadee ka helo boqortooydii xiligaas itoobiya katalinaysay, sido murkii uu soo dhaaday halganku waxaa halgamaaga loogu magacdaray jaamacado kuyaala [[Ethiopia]] iyo meelo kale oo halbowle u ah bulshada. # Wasiir Aadan Maxamed Cali : Waa Wasiir Hore Dawladi Maxamed Siyaad Bare. Wuxuuna Ahaa Wasiirkii Ugu Xilka Dheeraa oo soo qabtay wasaarado kaladuwan. # Beeldaaje Ismaaciil Beeldaaje Yaasiin: Beeldaajaha Guud Ee Cal Bari # Col. Saalax Xaashi Carab: Kornaylku wuxuu derejooyin sare ka soo qabtay ciidankii Badda ee Dawladdii Soomaaliyeed burburka ka hor. Burburkiina wuxuu ka mid ah dadkii juhdiga badan geliyay dib u xasilinta Soomaaliya. Wuxuu qoray buugag dhaxal u ah Soomaalida oo ka qoray aqoonta Badda Soomaalida iyo cilmi-baarisyadii uu ku sameeyay mudadii oo hoggaaminayay ciidanka. Waxaase xusid leh buugga ugu weyn ee Qaamuuska Soomaalida oo loo yaqaan Illeeye. Waa buug lagu aruuriyay ilaa 50,000 oo erey iyo macluumaad qaamuuseed kale oo muhiim u ah Soomaalida. Waa qaamuus ibbo-furay xuruuf kale oo labanlaabma oo aan ahayn intii hore ee la isla qaatay. <ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/somalia_ethnic_grps_2002.jpg |title=Ethnic Groups |author=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |year=2002 |work=Somalia Summary Map |publisher=[[Perry–Castañeda Library]] |accessdate=18 May 2010}}</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Siwaaqroon}} [[Category:Qabiilada Soomaalida]] [[Category: Dadka Soomaaliga]] [[Category: Soomaali]] <references /> [[Category:Siwaaqroon]] fr4ptewk2e0vdwhomeya0ga8pek20c4 0 4827 305187 305150 2026-08-14T12:07:32Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!” */ 305187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great BRITAIN;& Ausies..!'& NZL; & CNDNS.!'!'(.!'!')VS.. Argentine ; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Mexico;& Italiano;Espanayol; & Portugalese.!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[Militaries of :; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese; RUSSIAN Federations.; & Turkish States.; [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdom of Great BRITAIN;& Ausies..!'& NZL; & CNDNS.!'!'(.!'!') Deutesch; Germanies.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} jfx0qtpz2yb3sl00gsi8446t1hovpji 305210 305208 2026-08-14T17:22:19Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!” */ 305210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F05%2F05%2F147980</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese; & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; & Ausies..!'& NZL; & CNDNS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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|bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} hyzhan9td0o8us01q5gwnu1tkk7w9x6 305212 305210 2026-08-14T17:52:39Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 305212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese;: R…………….!’?..!’?’ & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; CNDNS & Ausies.!'?’& NZL; & IRLNDS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.::.::. <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/european-union</Ref>.: |- <Ref>httphttps://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 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Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.".||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese;: R…………….!’?..!’?’ & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; CNDNS & Ausies.!'?’& NZL; & IRLNDS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.::.::. <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/european-union</Ref>.: |- <Ref>httphttps://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 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link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} qxodtvast30or50ylkgfmlvcdlgv9tk 0 4873 305214 244418 2026-08-14T18:26:39Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Dacaayadda waa la saaray. 305214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{caddayn u baahan}} '''Boqortooyo''' waa [[Qoys]], [[taariikh]] leh, oo cudud ciidan iyo hantiba leh isla misna xeerka maamul iyo amarka iyaga ayka go'aan gaaraan degaanka ayku noolyihiin dhamaan inta hoos timaada maamulkoda. Boqortooyada waxay ka sareysaa Madaxda hoostaga awooda dowlada. Wadamada qaarkood waxayna leeyihiin Boqortooyo. Sida wadamada [[carab|Sacudi/Saudi arbia]], [[afrika|moroco]], [[yurub]]iyaanka, ama [[aasiya]]ha. Laakiin waxaa ka badan wadamada madaxda leh. Wadamada Boqortooyada haysto, waxay leeyihiin ra'iisul wasaare, oo hogaamiyo wadanka. Badanaa Boqortooyada, masoofaragashato wadanka ciidankiisa ama dhinaca dhaqaalaha. Waa qoys ka madaxbanaan maamulka degaanka. [[Category:Siyaasad]] nklyj7y3i37xefxdbl0awxnv23cnvv5 0 5001 305213 245830 2026-08-14T18:24:27Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Eduardo Gioja Viktor Emanuel III 1913.jpg|thumb|Vittorio Emanuele III]] '''Boqor''', waa [[Nin]] ka mid ah [[Qoys]]ka [[taariikh]]da leh, oo amar ku bixisso Dawladdaha. Boqortooyada waxee ka sareesaa Madaxda. Wadamada qaarkood waxee leeyihiin [[Boqortooyo]]. Sida wadamada [[carab]]ta, [[afrika]]da, [[yurub]]iyaanka, ama [[aasiya]]ha. Laakiin waxaa ka badan Kuwa madaxda leh. Wadamada Boqortooyada heesto, waxee leeyihiin raiisul wasaare, oo hogaamiyo wadanka. Badanaa Boqortooyada, maku soo saqajaanto, wadanka ciidankiisa ama dhinaca dhaqaalaha. Waa qoys degen. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Boqorad]] * [[Boqortooyo]] [[Category:Siyaasad]] 4bwfny4l76vzobv1oybqg7wo4rjijje 0 5052 305263 297352 2026-08-15T00:06:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bad template}} {{Medium low article}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Afghanistan | common_name = Afghanistan | native_name = {{native name|ps|د افغانستان اسلامي امارت|italic=no}}<br/>{{small|{{lang|ps|Də Afġānistān Islāmī Imārat|italic=yes}}}}<Br> {{native name|prs|امارت اسلامی افغانستان}}<br>{{small|{{lang|prs|Emārat-e Eslāmi-ye Afghānestān}}}} | image_flag = Flag of the Taliban.svg | flag_caption = Flag | image_coat =Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg | alt_coat = Coat of arms<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746 |access-date=2021-10-17 |archive-date=2019-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603201955/http://law.acku.edu.af/fa/download/file/fa/12686/77746 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | national_motto = ''[[Shahada|lā ʾilāha ʾillà l-Lāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu l-Lāh]]''<br />{{lang|ar|لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله}} ([[Classical Arabic|Arabic]])<br />"There is no god but [[God in Islam|God]]. [[Muhammad]] is the messenger of God."{{efn|The ''[[Shahādah]]'' (Statement of faith) is sometimes translated into English as 'There is no god but Allah', using the [[romanization]] of the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word ''[[Allāh]]'' instead of its translation. The word ''Allāh'' ({{lang-ar|ٱلله}}) literally translates as ''the God'', as the prefix 'Al-' is the definite article.<ref>* {{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html |title=God |work=Islam: Empire of Faith |publisher=PBS}} * 'Islam and Christianity', ''Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as ''Allah''. * {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Allah |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online |author=L. Gardet}}</ref>}} | national_anthem = {{lang|ps|دا د باتورانو کور}}<br>{{transl|ps|Dā də bātorāno kor}}<br /><!--{{transl|}}<br />-->{{center|"[[This is the Home of the Brave]]"<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=BBCNazer.com {{!}} زندگى و آموزش {{!}} حرف های مردم: سرود ملی|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/nazer/lifeandlearning_dari/story/2007/08/070830_ws-aep-pt-national-anthem.shtml|access-date=18 August 2021|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="Amirzai">{{Cite web|last=Amirzai|first=Shafiq l|title=د ملي سرود تاریخ {{!}} روهي|url=https://rohi.af/news/35829|access-date=18 August 2021|website=Rohi.Af|language=ps|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=17 Bisha Sideedaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817072227/https://rohi.af/news/35829|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="nunn.asia">{{Cite web|date=16 January 2018|title=ملا فقیر محمد درویش د جهادي ترنم منل شوی سرخیل|url=https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/|access-date=18 August 2021|website=نن ټکی اسیا|language=ps|archive-date=20 Bisha Sagaalaad 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920102707/https://www.nunn.asia/113730/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7-%d9%81%d9%82%db%8c%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%af-%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%85-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%84-%d8%b4%d9%88%db%8c/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Tharoor">{{Cite news|last=Tharoor|first=Ishaan|date=19 June 2013|title=The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?|language=en-US|work=Time|url=https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|access-date=19 August 2021|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=19 Bisha Sideedaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819021327/https://world.time.com/2013/06/19/the-talibans-qatar-office-are-prospects-for-peace-already-doomed/|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} {{center|}} | image_map = Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg | map_caption = | capital = [[Kabul]] | coordinates = {{Coord|34|31|N|69|11|E|region:AF_source:geonames|display=inline,title}}<ref>[{{geonameslink|gnid=1149361|name=islamic-republic-of-afghanistan}} Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [{{geonamesabout}} Geonames.org (cc-by)]</ref> | largest_city = Kabul | languages_type = [[Languages of Afghanistan|Major languages]] | languages = {{plainlist| *[[Pashto]] *[[Dari Persian]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 42% [[Pashtun]] | 27% [[Tajiks|Tajik]] | {{figure space}}9% [[Hazaras|Hazara]] | {{figure space}}9% [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] | {{figure space}}4% [[Aimaq people|Aimaq]] | {{figure space}}3% [[Turkmen people|Turkmen]] | {{figure space}}2% [[Baloch people|Baloch]] | {{figure space}}4% [[Ethnic groups in Afghanistan|others]] }} | ethnic_groups_ref = {{Efn|The last census in Afghanistan was conducted in 1979, and was itself incomplete. Due to the [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|ongoing conflict]] in the country, no official census has been conducted since.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://afghanistan.unfpa.org/en/node/15230|title = Population Matters|date = 3 March 2016|ciwaan = Nuqul Archive|access-date = 17 Bisha Tobnaad 2021|archive-date = 16 Bisha Sideedaad 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210816021136/https://afghanistan.unfpa.org/en/node/15230|dead-url = yes}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/afghanistans-ethnic-mosaic/articleshow/85552093.cms | title=Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic| author=timesofindia| date= 23 August 2021| publisher= | via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/afghanistan-population | title="Afghanistan Population 2021"| author=World Population Review| date= 19 September 2021| publisher= | via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258799/afghanistan-share-of-population-by-ethnic-group/ | title=Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020| author=statista.com| date= 20 August 2021| publisher= | via=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghan-ethnic-groups-brief-investigation | title=Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation| author=reliefweb.int| date= 14 August 2011| publisher= | via=}}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 unofficial estimates | religion = {{unbulleted list | 99.7% [[Islam in Afghanistan|Islam]] ([[State religion|official]]) | {{figure space}}0.3% [[Demographics of Afghanistan#Religion|others]] }} | demonym = [[Afghan]]{{Efn|Other names that have been used as demonyms are '''Afghani'''<ref>Dictionary.com. [[The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]], Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghani Reference.com] (Retrieved 13 November 2007).</ref> and '''Afghanistani'''.<ref>Dictionary.com. [[WordNet]] 3.0. [[Princeton University]]. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani Reference.com] (Retrieved 13 November 2007). {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328102257/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/afghanistani |date=28 March 2014}}</ref>|name="Demonym"|group="Note"}}<ref name="Constitution of Afghanistan">{{cite web|title=Constitution of Afghanistan|url=https://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/|year=2004|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920112856/http://www.afghanembassy.us/about-afghanistan/constitution/|archive-date=20 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Afghan {{!}} meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary |publisher=the Cambridge English Dictionary |isbn=9781107660151 |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/afghan }}</ref> | government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Islamic state|Islamic]] [[caretaker government]] under an [[autocracy]]{{efn|name="Akhundzada"|Taliban Supreme Commander [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] has no official position in the country's caretaker government, but is widely believed to wield ultimate authority and is expected to be given an official role soon.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zucchino|first=David|date=1 September 2021|title=Shifting to Governing, Taliban Will Name Supreme Afghan Leader|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-government-leader.html|access-date=14 September 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>}} | leader_title1 = [[Head of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Head]]{{efn|name="Akhundzada"}}<!--{{efn|name=Emir|The official title is [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] (in English: Commander of the Faithful). The position is often referred to in English as simply "[[Emir]]".}}--> | leader_name1 = {{nowrap|[[Hibatullah Akhundzada]]}} | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Afghanistan|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Hasan Akhund]] ([[Acting (law)|acting]]) | leader_title3 = [[Deputy prime minister|First Deputy Prime Minister]] | leader_name3 = [[Abdul Ghani Baradar]] (acting) | leader_title5 = [[Deputy prime minister|Second Deputy Prime Minister]] | leader_name5 = [[Abdul Salam Hanafi]] (acting) | leader_title6 = [[Deputy prime minister|Third Deputy Prime Minister]] | leader_name6 = [[Abdul Kabir]] (acting) | legislature = <!--TBA--> | sovereignty_type = [[History of Afghanistan|Formation]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Hotak dynasty|Hotak Empire]]}} | established_date1 = 1709–1738 | established_event2 = {{nowrap|[[Durrani Empire]]}} | established_date2 = 1747–1823 | established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Emirate of Afghanistan|Emirate]]}} | established_date3 = 1823–1839 | established_event4 = {{nowrap|[[Durrani Empire|Restoration of Durrani Empire]]}} | established_date4 = 1839–1842 | established_event5 = {{nowrap|[[Emirate of Afghanistan|Restoration of Emirate]]}} | established_date5 = 1842–1926 | established_event6 = {{nowrap|[[Second Anglo-Afghan War|Protected State]]|Protected State of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]}} | established_date6 = 26 May 1879 | established_event7 = [[Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919|Independence]] | established_date7 = [[Afghan Independence Day|19 August 1919]] | established_event8 = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Formation of Kingdom]]}} | established_date8 = 9 June 1926 | established_event9 = {{nowrap|[[Republic of Afghanistan|Declaration of Republic]]}} | established_date9 = 17 July 1973 | established_event10 = [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] | established_date10 = [[Saur Revolution|27–28 April 1978]] | established_event11 = [[Islamic State of Afghanistan|Islamic State]] | established_date11 = 28 April 1992 | established_event12 = [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Islamic Emirate]] | established_date12 = 7 September 1996 | established_event13 = {{nowrap|[[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|Islamic Republic]]}} | established_date13 = 26 January 2004 | established_event14 = [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Restoration of Islamic Emirate]] | established_date14 = 15 August 2021 | area_km2 = 652,864<ref>Central Statistics Office Afghanistan</ref> | area_rank = 40th | area_sq_mi = 252,072 | percent_water = negligible | population_estimate = 32,890,171<ref>Central Statistics Office Afghanistan, 2020.</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = 43rd | population_density_km2 = 48.08 | population_density_sq_mi = 119 | population_density_rank = 174th | GDP_PPP = $72.911&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=63&pr.y=8&sy=2018&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Afghanistan |publisher=International Monetary Fund |access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2018 | GDP_PPP_rank = 96th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,024<ref name="imf2"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 169th | GDP_nominal = $21.657&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2018 | GDP_nominal_rank = 111st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $493<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 177th | HDI = 0.511<!-- number only --> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 169th | currency = [[Afghan afghani|Afghani]] (افغانی) | currency_code = AFN | time_zone = D† | utc_offset = +4:30<br />[[Solar Hijri calendar|Solar Calendar]] | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic#Afghanistan|right]] | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Afghanistan|+93]] | cctld = [[.af]]<br />[[افغانستان.]] | today = }} [[File:Kabul,_Afghanistan_view.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] [[File:Afghanistan in its region.svg|thumb|right|300px|Afqaanistan]] [[File:Afghan_cuisine.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] [[File:Afghan_Palo.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] [[File:Bala_Hisar_Fort.jpg|thumb|right|300px|]] '''Afqaanistan''' ama '''Jamuuriyadda islaamiga Afqaanistan''' [[Farsi]] جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان) waa wadan [[dhul xiran]] oo ku yaalo koonfurta ama bartamaha [[Aasiya]].Wadankaan waxaa ku badan Buuraha, waxoona xuduud la leeyahay wadamada [[Bakistaan]], [[Iiraan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Tadsjikistan]], [[Usbekistan]] iyo [[Shiinaha]]. Wadankaan caasimadiisa waa [[Kabul]]. Magaca afqaanistan waxaa loola jeedaa dhulka afqaanka. Afgaanistaan waxay leedahay taariikh aad iyo aad u dheer. waxa uu wadankani soomaray dagaalo sokeeye oo aad iyo aad u badan. afgaanistaan waxaa laogyahy in ay tahy sababta koobaad ee keentay in uu burburo [[Midowga Sofiyet]] ilaa xiligii uu dhacay [[Midowga Sofiyet]] sanadii 1989 waxa afgaanistraan ka bilaabmay dagaalo sokeeye oo aad iyo aad ubadan ilaa hadana ka socda. == deegaan ahaan == Deegaanka ay kutaalo afgaanistaan waa dhul buuralay ah waxa ciida afgaanistaan ku yaala buuro aad ubadan afgaanistaan malaha wax dekada anma bada. === magaalooyinka uguwaawayn === * [[kabul]] oo ah caasimada * [[qandahaar]] caasimada labaad * [[waharaat]] ==Xubin== * [[ADB]] * * [[AIIB]] * * [[IORA]] * * [[ICAO]] * * [[UNICEF]] * * [[UNESCO]] * *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] * * *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] * * {{Commons|United Nations}} ==Waddnmaha Degaan Afganistan==: * {{Flag|Taiwan}} 200+* * {{Flag|Turkey}} 200+* <ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }}</ref>. * {{Flag|United States}} 200+ * {{Flag|China}} PR China; 200,000++:[<ref>https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/p/People%2527s_Republic_of_China.htm |date=20220722083009 }}</ref>]. Afgaanistaan waxa ay leedahay jawi aad iyo aad uxun xiliga [[Jiilaal]]ka oo Barafka ayaa aad iyo aad ugadaha. ==hoos u dhaca gobolka== Afganistan waxay ahayd 40-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay colaadaha lala galo quruumaha kale, waxa ay ku xiran yihiin iran sida dadwaynaha, War saxaafadeed ka soo baxa Afganisatan ayaa muujinaya ixtiraam la'aanta hoggaamiyeyaasha caalamka. * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/1972-Yearbook-of-Jehovahs-Witnesses/Pakistan-and-Afghanistan/ Pakistan and Afghanistan] * [https://news.sky.com/story/justin-trudeaus-lost-twin-abdul-salam-maftoon-finds-fame-in-afghan-talent-show-11608014] ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Bakistaan]] * [[Hindiya]] * [[Bangladesh]] {{Dalalka Aasiya}} {{Commonscat|Afghanistan}} [[Category:Afgaanistaan]] <references /> sngbtaa9u0cwzvtoalwur9fkvgmssyb 0 6859 305239 295024 2026-08-14T19:30:21Z Keder jn 45001 /* Tirakoobka dadweynaha */ 305239 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''Tog Wajaale''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Wajaale''', Wajale, Tug Wajale, ama Togwajaale) waa magaalo ku taalla xadka u dhexeeya [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Itoobiya]]. Tog Wajaale waa barta ugu weyn ee xadka ee badeecadaha ka soo gala iyo ka baxa Somaliland, gaar ahaan kuwa ka yimaada magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Berbera]], oo ah dekedda ugu weyn Somaliland. {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Wajaale | native_name = {{native name|so|Wajaale}}<br />{{native name|ar|وجالَه |italic=no}} | other_name = | settlement_type = Magaaol | image_skyline = Wajaale.jpg | image_flag = | image_seal = Tog Wajaale local council logo.jpg | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Marodi Jeh#Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Maroodi Jeex Somaliland | coordinates = {{coord|9|36|05|N|43|20|10|E|region:SO-WG|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Maroodi Jeex]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Gabiley]] | established_title = | established_date = | government_type = | government_footnotes = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 70,450 | population_density_km2 = | population_rank = [[Magaalooyinka Somaliland|8aad]] | population_note = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | name = }} Deeganada ku yaala xuduudka Itoobiya waxa la yidhaa Togo Wuchale , Togo Chale, Wajaale, iwm, waxaanay ku yaalaan meel ilaa 20 km koonfur galbeed ka xigta magaalada Tog Wajaale ee Somaliland. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Dadweynaha Wajaale waxa lagu qiyaasay 10,000 1995 , 40,000 2012. Magaalada waxa si gaar ah u degan Beesha Habar awal, Sacad muuse, agaar ahaan Jufada jibril abokor.  Warbixinta sanadka 2022 ayaa lagu qiyaasaa 70,450 qof.  Marka loo eego tirakoobkii 2007 ee ay samaysay wakaaladda dhexe ee tirakoobka ee Itoobiya (CSA) qaybta Itoobiya ee magaalada ( Togo Wuchale ) waxaa ku noolaa 14,438 qof. ==Juqraafiga== Wajaale waxay ku taal xuduudka Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . 92.8 km dhanka galbeed ka xigta magaalada Hargeysa ee xarunta Somaliland. Waxa koonfur galbeed ka xigta magaalada Kalabaydh, galbeed waxa ka xiga gobolka Awdal , bari waxa ka xiga gobolka Gabiley, magaalada Hargeysa, koonfurtana waxa ka xiga deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya . Isku duwaha juqraafi waa 9° 34' 0" Waqooyi, 43° 29' 0" Bari ==Waxbarashada== Dugsiyada Hoose, Sare iyo Waxbarashada Jaamacadeed ayaa laga heli karaa degmada oo dhan. Dugsiyada hoose Tirada Dugsiyada Hoose – 17 Dugsiyada sare Tirada Dugsiyada Sare - 2 ==Kastamka iyo socdaalka== [[File:Somaliland_entry_stamp.jpg|thumb|Somaliland Gelitaanka Stamp ee Wajaale]] Tan iyo bishii December 1985, qaxoonti ka yimid Itoobiya waxa ay ku soo qaxeen xeryaha Wajaale, kuwaas oo gaadhay 45,000 bishii April 1986. Boqolkiiba 70% qaxoontigu waxa ay ahaayeen Oromo. Sannadkii 2002, Hay’adda Caafimaadka Adduunka ee WHO waxa ay liiska 11 ka magaalo ee xuduudka Somaliland ka mid ah ku sheegtay Wajaale. Wajaale iyo Lawyacado waxa ku yaala kastamka iyo xafiisyada socdaalka. Bishii Juun 2009, dawladda Itoobiya waxay xidhay xuduudka Wajaale. Bishii Janaayo 2012, Human Rights Watch waxay ku dhaleecaysay dawladda Somaliland inay ka masaafuriso qaxoontiga siyaasadda ee Itoobiya. Bishii Nofembar 2012, Xarunta Laanta Socdaalka ayaa laga furay Hargeysa si ay u maamusho afarta meelood ee laga soo galo Somaliland ee kala ah Hargeysa, Wajaale, Boorama iyo Berbera . Bishii December 2012, waxa kordhay tahriibka sharci-darrada ah ee Itoobiya iyo dalal kale oo shaqo la’aaneed ka jirta Somaliland, taas oo keentay in 200 oo dhallinyaro ah laga soo tarxiilo Somaliland iyada oo la sii marayo Wajaale 11-kii bilood ee ugu horreysay 2012. Bishii December 2015, dawladda Somaliland waxay Wajaale ku qabatay 200 oo tahriibayaal ah oo ka yimid Itoobiya. [[File:Wajaale-Somaliland.jpg|thumb|Dhinaca Somaliland]] [[File:Wajaale-Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Dhinaca Itoobiya]] ==Gaadiidka iyo saadka== Waddada Berbera ilaa Itoobiya sii marta Wajaale ayaa lagu magacaabaa Berbera Corridor, waana marin ganacsi oo muhiim u ah Itoobiya. : 18  Bishii Agoosto 2011, ayaa la sheegay in shirkadda Shiineeska ah ee PetroTrans ay qorshaynayso balaadhinta dekedda Berbera oo ay ku dari doonto waddo Wajaale ah oo loo dhoofiyo Itoobiya. Bishii December 2020-kii, amarkii ay dawladda Somaliland u ogolaatay shirkad Ethiopian ah oo ka shaqeysa saadka inay si toos ah ugu soo daabusho Hargeysa, waxa ka biyo diiday Saadka Wajaale oo aan wax awood ah ku lahayn Itoobiya, go’aankaas oo keenaya tartan caddaalad-darro ah. Laga bilaabo Noofambar 2022, jidka isku xidha Wajaale iyo Kalabaydh ayaa dayactir lagu wadaa ==Dad xusid mudan== Axmed Xasan Cawke (1948 - 16 November 2015) – Saxafiga ruug-caddaa ee Soomaaliyeed ==Taariikhda dhow== ==Kahor Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya== Bilawgii horraantii 1960-kii waxa dhacay colaad u dhaxaysa Jibriil Abokor oo Isaaqa iyo Reer Halaski Gadabuursi, taas oo saamaysay Wajaale. Colaadan ayaa muddo dheer ka taagnayd deegaamada ay labada beelood wada degaan, balse dib u heshiisiin ayaa ka dhacday magaalada Wajaale. 1964kii dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya , dagaal dhex maray ciidamada Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya ayaa ka dhacay Wajaale, kaas oo si weyn u burburiyay magaalada. Bishii Jannaayo 1987kii, 10 shaqaale caalami ah oo u shaqaynayay Médecins Sans Frontières ayaa lagu afduubay Wajaale; laba toddobaad ka dib ayaa la sii daayay. ===Kadib Ku Dhawaaqii Madaxbanaanida Somaliland=== Bishii Febraayo 1997, UNICEF waxay hoggaamisay doodo dhex maray bulshada Gabiley , Arabsiyo, iyo Wajaale oo lagaga hadlay arrimaha caafimaadka deegaanka. Markii cashuurta laga qaaday Soomaalida Ogaadeenya ee Itoobiya, waxa kor u kacday tirada dadka u hayaamaya magaalo-xuduudeedka Somaliland ee Wajaale, taas oo laba jibaartay dadkeeda. Taasi waxay keentay in kaadhadhka codbixinta ee 2002 ay gabaabsi noqdaan doorashooyinkii gobolada Somaliland. Bishii March 2008, Madaxweynaha Somaliland waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in la samaynayo lix gobol oo cusub iyo 14 degmo oo cusub, iyadoo Wajaale ay noqotay Degmada Wajaale ee Gobolka Gabiley. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala soociddan ma aysan ansixin Barlamaanku oo ma aysan sal dhigan Bishii February 2009, nin Kenyan ah oo diinta Islaamka ka baxay ayaa la xidhay oo gacan ku dhiigle u geystay saraakiisha xuduudka Wajaale ee Somaliland isagoo isku dayay inuu Somaliland ka soo galo Itoobiya. Bishii April 2009, Wajaale waxa sidoo kale saameeyay daadadkii ku dhuftay galbeedka Somaliland. Sannadkii 2010-kii, waxa la sheegay in HIV-gu uu ku badan yahay jidka u dhexeeya Itoobiya iyo Somaliland, ee xaruntiisu tahay Wajaale. Bishii June 2011, ciidamada ammaanka Itoobiya ayaa magaalada Jigjiga ku xiray sarkaal ka tirsan sirdoonka Somaliland . Arrintan ayaa loo arkay inay ka aargoosanayso sarkaal ka tirsan dhar-cadka Ethiopian-ka ah oo ay ciidamada booliska Somaliland ku xireen Wajaale. Laamaha amniga ee labada dal ayaa isugu yimid Wajaale si ay uga doodaan arrintan. Bishii March 2012, waxa la sheegay in ceelkii Wajaale uu ciladoobay, taasoo keentay in biyo la’aan iyo biyo qaali ah laga soo iibsado Itoobiya. Dadka ku nool goobtan waxa lagu qiyaasaa 40,000 oo qof, waxaana la sheegay in mashruuca biyo gelinta Wajaale aanu dhamaan doonin ilaa 2015. Bishii November 2013, Marwada Madaxweynaha Somaliland ayaa Xarun Agoomaha ah ka furtay Wajaale. Bishii May ee sannadkii 2014-kii, ayay ciidamada boolisku dileen dad shacab ah oo mudaharaad ka dhigayay Wajaale. Bishii Nofembar 2014, dab ayaa baabi'iyay 20 guri oo ku yaal Wajaale. Dadka deegaanka ayaa ka gadoodsan in jawaabta dowladdu aysan ku filneyn. Bishii November 2014, dhul gariir ayaa ka dhacay Wajaale. Bishii December 2017, waxa magaalada Wajaale ka kacay dab xooggan oo baabi’iyey in ka badan 90 bakhaar. Bishii Agoosto 2018, isku dhacyada Oromada iyo Soomaalida ee Itoobiya ayaa khalkhal galiyay xasilloonida gobolka Soomaalida, laakiin way degeen magaalada Wajaale ee dhulka Somaliland. [[File:Wajaale.jpg|thumb|Wajaale 2020]] Bishii Sebtembar 2020, dhismo la dhisayo ayaa ku dumay Wajaale, waxaana ku dhintay afar qof.  Bishii Abriil 2021, Wasiirka Maaliyadda Somaliland ayaa booqday Wajaale.  Qiyaastii 2021, suuq cusub ayaa laga dhisay aag dhan 1,800 mitir oo laba jibbaaran, oo beddelaya kii hore.  ==Tixraac== [https://riftvalley.net/sites/default/files/publication-documents/RVI%202021.10.03%20Regularly%20Irregular.pdf "Sida Joogtada Ah: Kala Duwan ee Ganacsiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Xuduudaha Itoobiya iyo Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://riftvalley.net/sites/default/files/publication-documents/RVI%202021.10.03%20Regularly%20Irregular.pdf |date=20211225192605 }} [http://www.csa.gov.et/census-report/complete-report/census-2007?start=5 "Tirakoobka Dadka iyo Guryaha 2007 - Tirakoobka Soomaalida"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csa.gov.et/census-report/complete-report/census-2007?start=5 |date=20240717213811 }} [https://reliefweb.int/report/djibouti/report-visit-hargheisa-somaliland-planning-second-phase-initiative "Warbixin ku saabsan booqashada Hargheisa, Somaliland, ee qorsheynta wejiga labaad ee hindisaha"] [https://hiiraan.com/news/2009/jun/wararka_maanta25-6827.htm "Itoobiya oo xirtay Xadka ay la wadaagto Somaliland iyo dhalinyaro laga qabtay Wajaale oo loo qaaday dhinaca Jigjiga"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/illegal-migration-rise-somaliland " Tahriibka Sharci Darada Ah Oo Ku Soo Badanaya Somaliland"] [https://jp.reuters.com/article/ozabs-somaliland-port-china-20110820-idAFJOE77J02520110820 waxay sheegtay in PetroTrans ay kordhinayso dekedda Berbera"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-wajale-dry-port-tussle-for-transport-rights-between-locals-and-ethiopians/ "Somaliland: Dekadda Qalalan ee Wajaale waxay ku tusinaysaa xuquuqda gaadiidka ee ka dhaxaysa dadka deegaanka iyo Itoobiya"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-joint-markets-and-supply-chain-update-5-12-november-2022 "Soomaaliya - Cusboonaysiinta Silsilada Wadajirka ah ee Suuqyada iyo Wax-soo-saarka: 5 - 12 Noofambar 2022"] [https://somalilandpost.net/tog-wajaale-waayaha-xiligan-maamul-xumada-ku-habsatey-iyo-dhaliilaha-ay-dadku-ka-jeedinayaan-ballan-qaadkii-xukumadda-talada-haysa-warbixin-shiine-cilmi-kaahin/ "Tog-Wajaale: Waayaha Xiligan, Maamul Xumada Ku Habsatey iyo dhaliilaha ay dadku ka jeedinayaan ballan-qaadkii Xukumadda talada haysa – Warbixin, Shiine Cilmi Kaahin | Somaliland Post"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-floods-havoc-western-somaliland "Soomaaliya: Daadad ayaa ku dhuftay Galbeedka Somaliland"] [https://www.berberanews.net/2014/05/02/waxa-dhacay-dulmi-iyo-caddaaladda-daro-mar-walba-siilaanyo-uu-xal-u-arko-xadhig-iyo-xabadd-sidii-taliskii-siyaad-barre-muj-cali-guray/ "Waxa Dhacay Dulmi Iyo Caddaalad Daro Mar Walba, Siilaanyo Xal U Arko Xadhig Iyo Xabadd Sidii Taliskii Siyaad Barre" Muj. Cali-guray"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.berberanews.net/2014/05/02/waxa-dhacay-dulmi-iyo-caddaaladda-daro-mar-walba-siilaanyo-uu-xal-u-arko-xadhig-iyo-xabadd-sidii-taliskii-siyaad-barre-muj-cali-guray/ |date=20230514044112 }} [https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-45068251/page/5 "Maareeyaha Maamulka Wajaale: 'Liyuu Boolis ayaa i dhawaaqay'] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-45068251/page/5 |date=20230514044107 }} [https://slmof.org/the-berbera-corridor-development-committee-visited-to-the-commercial-city-of-tog-wajaale/ "Guddida Horumarinta Waddada BERBERA OO BOOQDAY MAGAALADA GANACSIGA EE TOG-WAJAALE"] {{Wayback|url=https://slmof.org/the-berbera-corridor-development-committee-visited-to-the-commercial-city-of-tog-wajaale/ |date=20250214075507 }} [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-first-lady-initiates-tog-wajale-orphanage/ "Marwada Madaxweynaha Somaliland Oo Daahfurtay Xarunta Agoomaha Tog-wajaale"] [[Category:Somaliland]] dxvi153e6m4xf5t3f9883zffxeskpe2 305240 305239 2026-08-14T19:32:56Z Keder jn 45001 /* Kahor Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya */ 305240 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''Tog Wajaale''' (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Wajaale''', Wajale, Tug Wajale, ama Togwajaale) waa magaalo ku taalla xadka u dhexeeya [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Itoobiya]]. Tog Wajaale waa barta ugu weyn ee xadka ee badeecadaha ka soo gala iyo ka baxa Somaliland, gaar ahaan kuwa ka yimaada magaalada dekedda ah ee [[Berbera]], oo ah dekedda ugu weyn Somaliland. {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Wajaale | native_name = {{native name|so|Wajaale}}<br />{{native name|ar|وجالَه |italic=no}} | other_name = | settlement_type = Magaaol | image_skyline = Wajaale.jpg | image_flag = | image_seal = Tog Wajaale local council logo.jpg | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Marodi Jeh#Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Maroodi Jeex Somaliland | coordinates = {{coord|9|36|05|N|43|20|10|E|region:SO-WG|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Maroodi Jeex]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Gabiley]] | established_title = | established_date = | government_type = | government_footnotes = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 70,450 | population_density_km2 = | population_rank = [[Magaalooyinka Somaliland|8aad]] | population_note = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | name = }} Deeganada ku yaala xuduudka Itoobiya waxa la yidhaa Togo Wuchale , Togo Chale, Wajaale, iwm, waxaanay ku yaalaan meel ilaa 20 km koonfur galbeed ka xigta magaalada Tog Wajaale ee Somaliland. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Dadweynaha Wajaale waxa lagu qiyaasay 10,000 1995 , 40,000 2012. Magaalada waxa si gaar ah u degan Beesha Habar awal, Sacad muuse, agaar ahaan Jufada jibril abokor.  Warbixinta sanadka 2022 ayaa lagu qiyaasaa 70,450 qof.  Marka loo eego tirakoobkii 2007 ee ay samaysay wakaaladda dhexe ee tirakoobka ee Itoobiya (CSA) qaybta Itoobiya ee magaalada ( Togo Wuchale ) waxaa ku noolaa 14,438 qof. ==Juqraafiga== Wajaale waxay ku taal xuduudka Somaliland iyo Itoobiya . 92.8 km dhanka galbeed ka xigta magaalada Hargeysa ee xarunta Somaliland. Waxa koonfur galbeed ka xigta magaalada Kalabaydh, galbeed waxa ka xiga gobolka Awdal , bari waxa ka xiga gobolka Gabiley, magaalada Hargeysa, koonfurtana waxa ka xiga deegaanka Soomaalida Itoobiya . Isku duwaha juqraafi waa 9° 34' 0" Waqooyi, 43° 29' 0" Bari ==Waxbarashada== Dugsiyada Hoose, Sare iyo Waxbarashada Jaamacadeed ayaa laga heli karaa degmada oo dhan. Dugsiyada hoose Tirada Dugsiyada Hoose – 17 Dugsiyada sare Tirada Dugsiyada Sare - 2 ==Kastamka iyo socdaalka== [[File:Somaliland_entry_stamp.jpg|thumb|Somaliland Gelitaanka Stamp ee Wajaale]] Tan iyo bishii December 1985, qaxoonti ka yimid Itoobiya waxa ay ku soo qaxeen xeryaha Wajaale, kuwaas oo gaadhay 45,000 bishii April 1986. Boqolkiiba 70% qaxoontigu waxa ay ahaayeen Oromo. Sannadkii 2002, Hay’adda Caafimaadka Adduunka ee WHO waxa ay liiska 11 ka magaalo ee xuduudka Somaliland ka mid ah ku sheegtay Wajaale. Wajaale iyo Lawyacado waxa ku yaala kastamka iyo xafiisyada socdaalka. Bishii Juun 2009, dawladda Itoobiya waxay xidhay xuduudka Wajaale. Bishii Janaayo 2012, Human Rights Watch waxay ku dhaleecaysay dawladda Somaliland inay ka masaafuriso qaxoontiga siyaasadda ee Itoobiya. Bishii Nofembar 2012, Xarunta Laanta Socdaalka ayaa laga furay Hargeysa si ay u maamusho afarta meelood ee laga soo galo Somaliland ee kala ah Hargeysa, Wajaale, Boorama iyo Berbera . Bishii December 2012, waxa kordhay tahriibka sharci-darrada ah ee Itoobiya iyo dalal kale oo shaqo la’aaneed ka jirta Somaliland, taas oo keentay in 200 oo dhallinyaro ah laga soo tarxiilo Somaliland iyada oo la sii marayo Wajaale 11-kii bilood ee ugu horreysay 2012. Bishii December 2015, dawladda Somaliland waxay Wajaale ku qabatay 200 oo tahriibayaal ah oo ka yimid Itoobiya. [[File:Wajaale-Somaliland.jpg|thumb|Dhinaca Somaliland]] [[File:Wajaale-Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Dhinaca Itoobiya]] ==Gaadiidka iyo saadka== Waddada Berbera ilaa Itoobiya sii marta Wajaale ayaa lagu magacaabaa Berbera Corridor, waana marin ganacsi oo muhiim u ah Itoobiya. : 18  Bishii Agoosto 2011, ayaa la sheegay in shirkadda Shiineeska ah ee PetroTrans ay qorshaynayso balaadhinta dekedda Berbera oo ay ku dari doonto waddo Wajaale ah oo loo dhoofiyo Itoobiya. Bishii December 2020-kii, amarkii ay dawladda Somaliland u ogolaatay shirkad Ethiopian ah oo ka shaqeysa saadka inay si toos ah ugu soo daabusho Hargeysa, waxa ka biyo diiday Saadka Wajaale oo aan wax awood ah ku lahayn Itoobiya, go’aankaas oo keenaya tartan caddaalad-darro ah. Laga bilaabo Noofambar 2022, jidka isku xidha Wajaale iyo Kalabaydh ayaa dayactir lagu wadaa ==Dad xusid mudan== Axmed Xasan Cawke (1948 - 16 November 2015) – Saxafiga ruug-caddaa ee Soomaaliyeed ==Taariikhda dhow== ==Kahor Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya== Bilawgii horraantii 1945-kii Aas Aasay Magalaada Qaadi sheekh axmed nuur odowaa oo ahaa qaadigi ugu caansana deeganaka galbeedka somaliland waxa dhacay colaad u dhaxaysa Jibriil Abokor o 1968kii dagaalkii Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya , dagaal dhex maray ciidamada Itoobiya iyo Soomaaliya ayaa ka dhacay Wajaale, kaas oo si weyn u burburiyay magaalada. Bishii Jannaayo 1987kii, 10 shaqaale caalami ah oo u shaqaynayay Médecins Sans Frontières ayaa lagu afduubay Wajaale; laba toddobaad ka dib ayaa la sii daayay. ===Kadib Ku Dhawaaqii Madaxbanaanida Somaliland=== Bishii Febraayo 1997, UNICEF waxay hoggaamisay doodo dhex maray bulshada Gabiley , Arabsiyo, iyo Wajaale oo lagaga hadlay arrimaha caafimaadka deegaanka. Markii cashuurta laga qaaday Soomaalida Ogaadeenya ee Itoobiya, waxa kor u kacday tirada dadka u hayaamaya magaalo-xuduudeedka Somaliland ee Wajaale, taas oo laba jibaartay dadkeeda. Taasi waxay keentay in kaadhadhka codbixinta ee 2002 ay gabaabsi noqdaan doorashooyinkii gobolada Somaliland. Bishii March 2008, Madaxweynaha Somaliland waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in la samaynayo lix gobol oo cusub iyo 14 degmo oo cusub, iyadoo Wajaale ay noqotay Degmada Wajaale ee Gobolka Gabiley. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, kala soociddan ma aysan ansixin Barlamaanku oo ma aysan sal dhigan Bishii February 2009, nin Kenyan ah oo diinta Islaamka ka baxay ayaa la xidhay oo gacan ku dhiigle u geystay saraakiisha xuduudka Wajaale ee Somaliland isagoo isku dayay inuu Somaliland ka soo galo Itoobiya. Bishii April 2009, Wajaale waxa sidoo kale saameeyay daadadkii ku dhuftay galbeedka Somaliland. Sannadkii 2010-kii, waxa la sheegay in HIV-gu uu ku badan yahay jidka u dhexeeya Itoobiya iyo Somaliland, ee xaruntiisu tahay Wajaale. Bishii June 2011, ciidamada ammaanka Itoobiya ayaa magaalada Jigjiga ku xiray sarkaal ka tirsan sirdoonka Somaliland . Arrintan ayaa loo arkay inay ka aargoosanayso sarkaal ka tirsan dhar-cadka Ethiopian-ka ah oo ay ciidamada booliska Somaliland ku xireen Wajaale. Laamaha amniga ee labada dal ayaa isugu yimid Wajaale si ay uga doodaan arrintan. Bishii March 2012, waxa la sheegay in ceelkii Wajaale uu ciladoobay, taasoo keentay in biyo la’aan iyo biyo qaali ah laga soo iibsado Itoobiya. Dadka ku nool goobtan waxa lagu qiyaasaa 40,000 oo qof, waxaana la sheegay in mashruuca biyo gelinta Wajaale aanu dhamaan doonin ilaa 2015. Bishii November 2013, Marwada Madaxweynaha Somaliland ayaa Xarun Agoomaha ah ka furtay Wajaale. Bishii May ee sannadkii 2014-kii, ayay ciidamada boolisku dileen dad shacab ah oo mudaharaad ka dhigayay Wajaale. Bishii Nofembar 2014, dab ayaa baabi'iyay 20 guri oo ku yaal Wajaale. Dadka deegaanka ayaa ka gadoodsan in jawaabta dowladdu aysan ku filneyn. Bishii November 2014, dhul gariir ayaa ka dhacay Wajaale. Bishii December 2017, waxa magaalada Wajaale ka kacay dab xooggan oo baabi’iyey in ka badan 90 bakhaar. Bishii Agoosto 2018, isku dhacyada Oromada iyo Soomaalida ee Itoobiya ayaa khalkhal galiyay xasilloonida gobolka Soomaalida, laakiin way degeen magaalada Wajaale ee dhulka Somaliland. [[File:Wajaale.jpg|thumb|Wajaale 2020]] Bishii Sebtembar 2020, dhismo la dhisayo ayaa ku dumay Wajaale, waxaana ku dhintay afar qof.  Bishii Abriil 2021, Wasiirka Maaliyadda Somaliland ayaa booqday Wajaale.  Qiyaastii 2021, suuq cusub ayaa laga dhisay aag dhan 1,800 mitir oo laba jibbaaran, oo beddelaya kii hore.  ==Tixraac== [https://riftvalley.net/sites/default/files/publication-documents/RVI%202021.10.03%20Regularly%20Irregular.pdf "Sida Joogtada Ah: Kala Duwan ee Ganacsiga aan rasmiga ahayn ee Xuduudaha Itoobiya iyo Somaliland"] {{Wayback|url=https://riftvalley.net/sites/default/files/publication-documents/RVI%202021.10.03%20Regularly%20Irregular.pdf |date=20211225192605 }} [http://www.csa.gov.et/census-report/complete-report/census-2007?start=5 "Tirakoobka Dadka iyo Guryaha 2007 - Tirakoobka Soomaalida"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.csa.gov.et/census-report/complete-report/census-2007?start=5 |date=20240717213811 }} [https://reliefweb.int/report/djibouti/report-visit-hargheisa-somaliland-planning-second-phase-initiative "Warbixin ku saabsan booqashada Hargheisa, Somaliland, ee qorsheynta wejiga labaad ee hindisaha"] [https://hiiraan.com/news/2009/jun/wararka_maanta25-6827.htm "Itoobiya oo xirtay Xadka ay la wadaagto Somaliland iyo dhalinyaro laga qabtay Wajaale oo loo qaaday dhinaca Jigjiga"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/illegal-migration-rise-somaliland " Tahriibka Sharci Darada Ah Oo Ku Soo Badanaya Somaliland"] [https://jp.reuters.com/article/ozabs-somaliland-port-china-20110820-idAFJOE77J02520110820 waxay sheegtay in PetroTrans ay kordhinayso dekedda Berbera"] [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-wajale-dry-port-tussle-for-transport-rights-between-locals-and-ethiopians/ "Somaliland: Dekadda Qalalan ee Wajaale waxay ku tusinaysaa xuquuqda gaadiidka ee ka dhaxaysa dadka deegaanka iyo Itoobiya"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-joint-markets-and-supply-chain-update-5-12-november-2022 "Soomaaliya - Cusboonaysiinta Silsilada Wadajirka ah ee Suuqyada iyo Wax-soo-saarka: 5 - 12 Noofambar 2022"] [https://somalilandpost.net/tog-wajaale-waayaha-xiligan-maamul-xumada-ku-habsatey-iyo-dhaliilaha-ay-dadku-ka-jeedinayaan-ballan-qaadkii-xukumadda-talada-haysa-warbixin-shiine-cilmi-kaahin/ "Tog-Wajaale: Waayaha Xiligan, Maamul Xumada Ku Habsatey iyo dhaliilaha ay dadku ka jeedinayaan ballan-qaadkii Xukumadda talada haysa – Warbixin, Shiine Cilmi Kaahin | Somaliland Post"] [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-floods-havoc-western-somaliland "Soomaaliya: Daadad ayaa ku dhuftay Galbeedka Somaliland"] [https://www.berberanews.net/2014/05/02/waxa-dhacay-dulmi-iyo-caddaaladda-daro-mar-walba-siilaanyo-uu-xal-u-arko-xadhig-iyo-xabadd-sidii-taliskii-siyaad-barre-muj-cali-guray/ "Waxa Dhacay Dulmi Iyo Caddaalad Daro Mar Walba, Siilaanyo Xal U Arko Xadhig Iyo Xabadd Sidii Taliskii Siyaad Barre" Muj. Cali-guray"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.berberanews.net/2014/05/02/waxa-dhacay-dulmi-iyo-caddaaladda-daro-mar-walba-siilaanyo-uu-xal-u-arko-xadhig-iyo-xabadd-sidii-taliskii-siyaad-barre-muj-cali-guray/ |date=20230514044112 }} [https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-45068251/page/5 "Maareeyaha Maamulka Wajaale: 'Liyuu Boolis ayaa i dhawaaqay'] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-45068251/page/5 |date=20230514044107 }} [https://slmof.org/the-berbera-corridor-development-committee-visited-to-the-commercial-city-of-tog-wajaale/ "Guddida Horumarinta Waddada BERBERA OO BOOQDAY MAGAALADA GANACSIGA EE TOG-WAJAALE"] {{Wayback|url=https://slmof.org/the-berbera-corridor-development-committee-visited-to-the-commercial-city-of-tog-wajaale/ |date=20250214075507 }} [https://somalilandsun.com/somaliland-first-lady-initiates-tog-wajale-orphanage/ "Marwada Madaxweynaha Somaliland Oo Daahfurtay Xarunta Agoomaha Tog-wajaale"] [[Category:Somaliland]] 3gfh90nl1msqrewkb9xpzodnrq9hkie 0 7872 305264 299051 2026-08-15T00:18:32Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Allaybaday | native_name = | settlement_type = Magaalo | image_skyline = | image_flag = | image_seal = | subdivision_type = [[Dalalka|Wadanka]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Maroodi Jeex]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Gabiley]] | established_title = la aasaasay | established_date = | population_total = | area_total_km2 = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +252 | coordinates = {{coord|9|23|13|N|43|31|03|E|scale:100000_region:SO-WG|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = Marodi Jeh | pushpin_label_position = Bottom | elevation_m = 1,125 }} '''Allaybaday''' waa magaalo ka tirsan gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]] ee [[Somaliland]], oo ku taal xuduudka [[Itoobiya]]. Waxa degan Abdalla Abokor, Sacad Muuse laantiisa Habar Awal iyo Faarax Nuur laantiisa Reer Nuur. Degmada Allaybaday waxaa ku nool 120,000 (2022) Sida ku cad qoraal ay dawladda [[Somaliland]] soo saartay sannadkii 2002-dii, Allaybaday waa degmada 9-aad ee ugu muhiimsan gobolka [[Maroodi Jeex]], iyadoo loo kala saaray D. ==Beeraha== Degmada Allaybaday ayaa waxaa laga soo saaraa tamaandho yaanyo iyo basasha ah bil walba xilliyada roobabka ==Taariikhda dhow== Horaantii sannadkii 1979-kii, laba dagaalyahan oo ka tirsan Jabhadda Xoraynta Soomaali Galbeed (WSLF) ayaa gabadh ku kufsaday inta u dhaxaysa Tog Wajaale iyo Allaybaday, ka dibna walaalkeed oo dhawr iyo toban jir ah ayaa toogtay dagaalyahannadaas. Taliyahii WSLF ayaa dabadeed dilay walaalkii iyo qoyskiisa. Tani waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah dagaaladii u dhexeeyay WSLF iyo Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed. 93  1987kii, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka fallaagoobay Madaxweynihii Soomaaliya. Waqtigaan waxaa Waqooyi Galbeed Soomaaliya ku sugnaa 7-askari oo ka tirsan ciidamada Milatariga Soomaaliya oo ay ka mid tahay Allaybaday. Bishii Janaayo 1988dii, ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya qeybta 12-aad ayaa Allaybaday ku toogtay illaa 20 qof oo rayid ah. Arintaan ayaa lagu tiriyaa inay ka mid tahay tacadiyada ay ciidamada qalabka sida ee Soomaaliya u gaysteen Isaaqa . ===Kadib Ku Dhawaaqii Madaxbanaanida Somaliland=== Bishii Jannaayo 2004, ka dib wadahadal dhexmaray UNICEF iyo maamulka deegaanka, xarunta hooyada iyo dhallaanka (MCH) ayaa dib uga hawlgashey Allaybaday. Sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay hay’adda Interpeace soo saartay sannadkii 2006-dii , dhul-beereedkii fadhi-ku-dirirka ahaa iyo dhul-daaqsimeedka ee deegaanka Allaybaday ayaa kordhiyey colaadda, taas oo keentay in deegaanka Allaybaday ee dhinaca Itoobiya iskahorimaadku ka dhaco. 8  Bishii February 2006, Wasiirka Deegaanka Somaliland waxa uu sheegay in Ajaanib ay soo kiraysteen Ganacsato reer Gabiley ah ay burburinayaan kaymo ku dhow degmada Allaybaday. 31  ishii Abriil 2007, daadad xooggan oo ka dhacay Allaybaday ayaa burburiyay 87 ka mid ah 105 biyo-xireenno . Bishii Oktoobar 2008, dab ayaa ka kacay kaalin shidaal oo ku taal Allaybaday, waxaana ku dhintay 10 bakhaar. Bishii December 2013, Madaxweynaha Somaliland ayaa booqasho ku tagay degmada Allaybaday, waxaanu dhagax dhigay waddo isku xidhi doonta Allaybaday iyo Hargeysa . Bishii April 2014, Badhasaabkii Degmada Allaybaday Keyse Maxamed Ibraahim (Keyse Meegaar) ayaa booqasho ku tagay Gabiley si uu u sii daayo dadka reer Allaybaday ee la xidhay. May 7, 2015, Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Somaliland ayaa Maxamed Xasan Shiil u magacaabay duqa magaalada Allaybaday. Bishii July 2015, ayaa madax-dhaqameedka Allaybaday shir jaraa’id ku qabteen Hargeysa, waxay beeniyeen inuu jiro hoggaan cusub oo ay beeshu dooratay. Bishii March 2016, dawladda Somaliland waxay gaadhsiisay deegaanka Allaybaday gargaar biyo iyo cunto ah oo ceelkii ciladoobay. Bishii Sebtembar 2017, waxa Allaybaday booqday murashaxa madaxweyne Muuse Biixi Cabdi . Bishii Disembar 2019, laba qof oo rayid ah ayay askar booliisku ku dileen Allaybaday. Bishii Febraayo 2021, waxaa la furay wadadii ugu horeysay ee laami ah oo laga dhiso Allaybaday. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland]] [[Gobolada Somaliland]] [[Degmooyinka Somaliland]] ==Tixraac== [https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-concern-over-deteriorating-food-security-somaliland "SOOMAALIYA: Walaac ku saabsan haqab-beelka cuntada ee Somaliland - Soomaaliya"] [https://wargeyskadawan.com/2015/07/09/madaxdhaqameedka-allaybaday-oo-beeniyey-nin-ugaasnimo-sheegtay-beeshooda/ "Madaxda Allaybaday oo Beeniyey Nin Ugaasnimo Sheegtay Beeshooda"] [https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/submitted_files/1566803014.pdf "Qiimaynta Qiimaynta Kaabayaasha Kaabayaasha Magaalooyinka iyo Maamulka Maareynta ee Adeegga Biyaha Magaalooyinka: Somaliland"] [https://ijisrt.com/assets/upload/submitted_files/1566803014.pdf "Qiimaynta Qiimaynta Kaabayaasha Kaabayaasha Magaalooyinka iyo Maamulka Maareynta ee Adeegga Biyaha Magaalooyinka: Somaliland"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=RcVFXUwraxsC Maalmo Xun: Soddon Sano Oo Dagaal Iyo Macaluul Ka Dhacay Itoobiya] [https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=12531 "GUDOOMIYAHA DEGNADA ALLAY BADAY OO EEDAYN USOO JEEDIYEY XEER ILAALINTA GOBOLKA GABILAY IYO KHILAAF HOR LEH OO KA DHASHAY"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=12531 |date=20230527044601 }} [https://www.qurbejoog.com/wasiir-waran-cadde-oo-maanta-guddoomiye-cusub-u-magacaabay-degmada-allaybaday/ "Wasiir Waran-cadde Oo Maanta Guddoomiye Cusub u Magacaabay Degmada Allaybaday"] [https://berberatoday.com/2017/09/08/muuse-biixi-oo-soo-dhaweyn-ballaadhan-kala-kulmay-shacabka-allay-baday-deegaannada-idhanka-iyo-geed-ballaadh/ "MUUSE BIIXI OO SOO DHAWEYN BALLAADHAN KALA KULMAY SHACABKA ALLAY-BADAY, DEEGAANKA IDHANKA IYO GEED-BALLAADH"] [https://berberatoday.com/2019/12/20/daawo-muuqalkaugaas-cabdirasaaq-koosar-oo-ka-hadlay-dad-ciimada-liyuu-boolisku-ku-laayeen-magaalada-allaybaday/ "DAAWO MUUQALKA"UGAAS CABDIRASAAQ KOOSAR OO KA HADLAY DAD CIIMADA LIYUU BOOLISKU KU LAAYEEN MAGAALADA ALLAYBADAY"] [https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=128143 "DAAWO;-MAAMULKA GOBOLKA GABILEY OO XADHIGA KA JARAY WADO LAAMI AH OO DAWLADA HOOSE EE GABILEY KA HIRGALISAY ALLAYBADAY"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=128143 |date=20230527144343 }} [https://somalilandpost.net/daawomadaxweyne-siilaanyo-oo-dhagax-dhigay-dhismaha-cusub-oo-isku-xidhaysa-magaalada-hargeisa-iyo-degmada-alleybaday/ "DAAWO:Madaxweyne Siilaanyo oo Dhagax-dhigay Dhismaha Cusub oo Isku Xidhay Magaalada Hargeysa iyo Degmada Alleybaday"] 0xa8z0mvs1pke2h6ujv0nq40tk78bq3 0 8801 305190 305180 2026-08-14T15:28:47Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]] '''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise|Ciise Masiix]], kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]</ref> <ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]</ref>[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}} == Asalka erayga == Erayga la yiraahdo "Baybal" wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda "Biblos", waxaana micnihiisu yahay "Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha". Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> == Qaybo == Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. === Axdigii Hore === ==== [[Towraad|Tawreedda]] ==== * Bilowgii * Baxniintii * Laawiyiintii * Tirintii * Sharciga ==== Kunoqoshadiisa ==== * Taariikhda * Yashuuca * Xaakinnada * Ruud * Samuu'eel Kowaad * Samuu'eel Labaad * Boqorradii Kowaad * Boqorradii Labaad * Taariikhdii Kowaad * Taariikhdii Labaad * Cesraa * Nexemyaah * Esteer ==== Gabayga ==== * Ayuub * Sabuurradii * Maahmaahyadii * Wacdiyahii * Gabaygii Sulaymaan ==== Waxyiga ==== * Ishacyaah * Yeremyaah * Baroorashadii * Yeremyaah * Yexesqeel * Daanyeel * Hoosheeca * Yoo'eel * Caamoos * Cobadyaah * Yoonis * Miikaah * Naxuum * Xabaquuq * Sefanyaah * Xaggay * Sekaryaah * Malaakii ==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ==== * Toobit * Yudith * Xikmaddii Sulaymaan * Sirak * Baruuk * Maccabiyos Kowaad * Maccabiyos Labaad === Axdiga Cusub === ==== [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] ==== * Matayos * Markos * Luukos * Yooxanaa ==== Falimaha Rasuullada ==== * Falimaha Rasuullada ==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ==== * Rooma * 1 Korintos * 2 Korintos * Galatiya * Efesos * Filiboy * Kolosay * 1 Tesaloniika * 2 Tesaloniika * 1 Timoteyos * 2 Timoteyos * Tiitos * Filemon ==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ==== * Cibraaniyada * Yacquub * 1 Butros * 2 Butros * 1 Yooxanaa * 2 Yooxanaa * 3 Yooxanaa * Yuudas ==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ==== * Muujintii == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Axdigii Hore]] ** [[Towraad]] ** [[Sabuur]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Ciise]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/> [[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]] [[category:Diin]] qajy9iu29v9tsqr3rtf46sy6yhs7cs8 305201 305190 2026-08-14T16:21:02Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]] '''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise|Ciise Masiix]], kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]</ref> <ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]</ref>[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}} == Asalka erayga == Erayga la yiraahdo "Baybal" wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda "Biblos", waxaana micnihiisu yahay "Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha". Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> == Qaybo == Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. === Axdigii Hore === ==== [[Towraad|Tawreedda]] ==== * Bilowgii * Baxniintii * Laawiyiintii * Tirintii * Sharciga ==== Kunoqoshadiisa ==== * Taariikhda * Yashuuca * Xaakinnada * Ruud * Samuu'eel Kowaad * Samuu'eel Labaad * Boqorradii Kowaad * Boqorradii Labaad * Taariikhdii Kowaad * Taariikhdii Labaad * Cesraa * Nexemyaah * Esteer ==== Gabayga ==== * Ayuub * Sabuurradii * Maahmaahyadii * Wacdiyahii * Gabaygii Sulaymaan ==== Waxyiga ==== * Ishacyaah * Yeremyaah * Baroorashadii * Yeremyaah * Yexesqeel * Daanyeel * Hoosheeca * Yoo'eel * Caamoos * Cobadyaah * Yoonis * Miikaah * Naxuum * Xabaquuq * Sefanyaah * Xaggay * Sekaryaah * Malaakii ==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ==== * Toobit * Yudith * Xikmaddii Sulaymaan * Sirak * Baruuk * Maccabiyos Kowaad * Maccabiyos Labaad === Axdiga Cusub === ==== [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] ==== * Matayos * Markos * Luukos * Yooxanaa ==== Falimaha Rasuullada ==== * Falimaha Rasuullada ==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ==== * Rooma * 1 Korintos * 2 Korintos * Galatiya * Efesos * Filiboy * Kolosay * 1 Tesaloniika * 2 Tesaloniika * 1 Timoteyos * 2 Timoteyos * Tiitos * Filemon ==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ==== * Cibraaniyada * Yacquub * 1 Butros * 2 Butros * 1 Yooxanaa * 2 Yooxanaa * 3 Yooxanaa * Yuudas ==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ==== * Muujintii == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Axdigii Hore]] ** [[Towraad]] ** [[Sabuur]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Ciise]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/> [[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]] [[category:Diin]] qbfnha5zt8ilmrpxug6xmvlrhd5tet0 305215 305201 2026-08-14T18:28:54Z Comendador Sombra 46943 Qeybaha 305215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]] '''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise|Ciise Masiix]], kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]</ref> <ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]</ref>[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}} == Asalka erayga == Erayga la yiraahdo "Baybal" wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda "Biblos", waxaana micnihiisu yahay "Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha". Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> == Qaybo == Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. === Axdigii Hore === ==== [[Towraad|Tawreedda]] ==== * Bilowgii * Baxniintii * Laawiyiintii * Tirintii * Sharciga ==== Kunoqoshadiisa ==== * Taariikhda * Yashuuca * Xaakinnada * Ruud * Samuu'eel Kowaad * Samuu'eel Labaad * Boqorradii Kowaad * Boqorradii Labaad * Taariikhdii Kowaad * Taariikhdii Labaad * Cesraa * Nexemyaah * Esteer ==== Gabayga ==== * Ayuub * Sabuurradii * Maahmaahyadii * Wacdiyahii * Gabaygii Sulaymaan ==== Waxyiga ==== * Ishacyaah * Yeremyaah * Baroorashadii * Yeremyaah * Yexesqeel * Daanyeel * Hoosheeca * Yoo'eel * Caamoos * Cobadyaah * Yoonis * Miikaah * Naxuum * Xabaquuq * Sefanyaah * Xaggay * Sekaryaah * Malaakii ==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ==== * Toobit * Yudith * Xikmaddii Sulaymaan * Sirak * Baruuk * Maccabiyos Kowaad * Maccabiyos Labaad === Axdiga Cusub === ==== [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] ==== * Matayos * Markos * Luukos * Yooxanaa ==== Falimaha Rasuullada ==== * Falimaha Rasuullada ==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ==== * Rooma * 1 Korintos * 2 Korintos * Galatiya * Efesos * Filiboy * Kolosay * 1 Tesaloniika * 2 Tesaloniika * 1 Timoteyos * 2 Timoteyos * Tiitos * Filemon ==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ==== * Cibraaniyada * Yacquub * 1 Butros * 2 Butros * 1 Yooxanaa * 2 Yooxanaa * 3 Yooxanaa * Yuudas ==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ==== * Muujintii == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Axdigii Hore]] ** [[Towraad]] ** [[Sabuur]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Ciise]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/> [[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]] [[category:Diin]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] 1vg4wzvnm4u1eqdcv8ynxedadfndq6e 305280 305215 2026-08-15T03:25:23Z ~2026-44628-17 46964 305280 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka Baybalka ee [[Johannes Gutenberg|Gutenberg]] ee Laybareeriga Dadweynaha ee [[New York]]; waxaa iibsaday James Lenox sanadkii 1847, wuxuuna ahaa Kitaabkii ugu horreeyay ee Gutenberg ee uu iibsado muwaadin u dhashay Mareykanka]] '''Kitaabka Quduuska''', oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Baybalka Masiixiga''', waa ururinta qoraallada diimeed ee ka kooban Qorniinka Quduuska ah ee [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]]. Wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba ururin oo waaweyn oo kutub ah: [[Axdigii Hore]] iyo [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ka kooban yahay kutubta Qorniinka Israa'iil, iyo qoraallo kale oo ay aqbalaan qaar ka mid ah dhaqamada Masiixiga; tirada, qaab-dhismeedka iyo kala-horraynta kutubtuna way ku kala duwan yihiin dhaqamada kala duwan. Axdiga Cusubwuxuu ka kooban yahay qoraallo ka soo baxay [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiyadda]] hore, oo ay ka mid yihiin afarta [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiil]], [[Falimaha Rasuullada]], waraaqaha loo nisbeeyo [[Bawlos ee Tarsos|Bawlos]] iyo qoraallo kale, wuxuuna yahay qaybta labaad ee Qorniinka Masiixiga. Ururinta qoraalladan oo dhan waxay udub-dhexaad u tahay shakhsiyadda [[Ciise|Ciise Masiix]], kaas oo noloshiisa, waxbariddiisa, dhimashadiisa iyo sarakiciddiisu yihiin xudunta farriinta Axdiga Cusub<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Samaysanka kanonnada Baybalka wuxuu ahaa geeddi-socod tartiib tartiib ah, waxaana ugu dambayn dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixigu sameysteen ururinno kutub ah oo aan si buuxda isugu mid ahayn.<ref>[https://wol.jw.org/so/wol/publication/r182/lp-so/bm Kitaabka Quduuska ah—Farriintiisa Maxay Tahay?]</ref> <ref>[https://www.jw.org/en/library/videos/#so/categories/VODBibleTeachings Tacliinta Kitaabka]</ref>[[File:Bible tana.jpg|thumb|Kitaabka quduska]]Baybalku wuxuu saamayn weyn ku yeeshay taariikhda Masiixiyadda iyo bulshooyin iyo dhaqamo badan. Qoraalladiisa waxaa loo bartay laguna fasiray dhinacyada fiqiga iyo cibaadada, sidoo kalena waxaa laga sameeyey daraasado taariikheed, afeed iyo suugaaneed. Tan iyo waqtiyadii hore, tarjumaadaha iyo faallooyinka Baybalku waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta afaf iyo dhaqammo suugaaneed kala duwan, halka sheekooyinkiisa, jilayaashiisa, fikradihiisa iyo mawduucyadiisu ay si weyn uga dhex muuqdeen [[Farshaxan|farshaxanka]], [[Suugaan|suugaanta]], [[Muusig|muusigga]], [[Sharc|sharciga]] iyo fikirka reer Galbeedka iyo gobollo kale oo dunida ah. Maanta, Baybalka waxaa si buuxda ama qayb ahaan loogu turjumay kumannaan luqadood.{{commons|Category:Bible|Kitaabka quduska}} == Asalka erayga == Erayga la yiraahdo "Baybal" wuxuu ka yimid luuqadda [[Giriiga|Giriigga]]; waana kalmadda "Biblos", waxaana micnihiisu yahay "Kutub taxan oo isla xidhiidha". Haddaba Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxaa lagu qoray luuqado kala gedisan sida afka Cibraaniga afka Gariigga iyo afka Aramayag, waxaana la qoray wakhtiyo kala gedisan sidii uu Ilaahay ugu soo waxyoonayay nebiyaashiisii.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> == Qaybo == Kitaabka Quduuska ah waxa loo kala qaybiyaa qaybo iyo kooxo kutub ah oo ku salaysan nooca iyo mawduuca qoraallada. Kala-horraynta iyo tirada kutubta waxay ku kala duwanaan karaan dhaqamada kala duwan ee Masiixiyadda.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah</ref> Qoraallada ka kooban Baybalka waxaa la qoray, la ururiyey, la gudbiyey oo la turjumay muddo qarniyo badan ah iyo duruufo taariikheed oo kala duwan. Tirada kutubtu waxay ku xiran tahay dhaqanka Masiixiga: kanonka Protestant-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay 66 buug, kanonka Kaatoliga wuxuu ka kooban yahay 73 buug, halka kanonnada [[Ortodoksiga]] ee kala duwan ay ka kooban yihiin tiro kala duwan oo kutub dheeraad ah. Axdigii Hore wuxuu ugu horrayn ku qoran yahay ama laga soo gudbiyey [[Cibraaniga]] iyo [[Aramaayiga]], halka kutubta Axdiga Cusub lagu qoray [[Giriiggii Koine]]. === [[Axdigii Hore]] === ==== [[Towraad|Tawreedda]] ==== * Bilowgii * Baxniintii * Laawiyiintii * Tirintii * Sharciga ==== Kunoqoshadiisa ==== * Taariikhda * Yashuuca * Xaakinnada * Ruud * Samuu'eel Kowaad * Samuu'eel Labaad * Boqorradii Kowaad * Boqorradii Labaad * Taariikhdii Kowaad * Taariikhdii Labaad * Cesraa * Nexemyaah * Esteer ==== Gabayga ==== * Ayuub * Sabuurradii * Maahmaahyadii * Wacdiyahii * Gabaygii Sulaymaan ==== Waxyiga ==== * Ishacyaah * Yeremyaah * Baroorashadii * Yeremyaah * Yexesqeel * Daanyeel * Hoosheeca * Yoo'eel * Caamoos * Cobadyaah * Yoonis * Miikaah * Naxuum * Xabaquuq * Sefanyaah * Xaggay * Sekaryaah * Malaakii ==== Kutubta deuterokaanooniga ah ==== * Toobit * Yudith * Xikmaddii Sulaymaan * Sirak * Baruuk * Maccabiyos Kowaad * Maccabiyos Labaad === [[Axdiga Cusub]] === ==== [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiilka]] ==== * Matayos * Markos * Luukos * Yooxanaa ==== Falimaha Rasuullada ==== * Falimaha Rasuullada ==== Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray ==== * Rooma * 1 Korintos * 2 Korintos * Galatiya * Efesos * Filiboy * Kolosay * 1 Tesaloniika * 2 Tesaloniika * 1 Timoteyos * 2 Timoteyos * Tiitos * Filemon ==== Warqaddii Cibraaniyada iyo Waraaqaha Guud ==== * Cibraaniyada * Yacquub * 1 Butros * 2 Butros * 1 Yooxanaa * 2 Yooxanaa * 3 Yooxanaa * Yuudas ==== Muujintii Ciise Masiix ==== * Muujintii == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Axdigii Hore]] ** [[Towraad]] ** [[Sabuur]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] * [[Ciise]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references/> [[Category:Kitaabka quduska| ]] [[category:Diin]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] s5isulh9s5n6pq1xledbsmvkdf9k1v0 0 17115 305189 305081 2026-08-14T14:17:40Z A09 27259 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-44383-57|~2026-44383-57]] ([[User talk:~2026-44383-57|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Videoiib7|Videoiib7]] 299448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Country primarily located in North America}} '''United States of America''' ( USA ), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Maraykanka''' ( US ) ama '''Ameerika''', waa waddan ku yaal Waqooyiga Ameerika. Waa jamhuuriyad federaal ah oo ka kooban 50 gobol iyo degmo caasimad federaal ah, Washington, DC 48-da gobol ee iskuxiran waxay xuduud la leeyihiin Kanada dhanka waqooyi iyo Mexico dhanka koonfureed, oo leh nus-u-baxa Alaska ee waqooyi-galbeed iyo jasiiradaha Hawaii ee Badweynta Baasifigga. Maraykanku waxa kale oo uu sheegaa madax-banaanidiisa shan dhul jasiiradood oo waaweyn iyo jasiirado kala duwan oo aan la degganayn oo ku yaalla Oceania iyo Kariibiyaanka. Waa waddan kala duwan, oo leh bedka saddexaad ee adduunka ugu weyn iyo dadka saddexaad ee ugu badan, in ka badan 340 milyan. {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Maraykanka | common_name = Maraykanka | image_flag = Flag of the United States (Web Colors).svg | alt_flag = {{nbsp}} <!--Used to denote purely decorative images--> | image_coat = Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg | coat_alt = {{nbsp}} <!--Used to denote purely decorative images--> | symbol_type_article = Great Seal of the United States#Obverse | national_motto = "[[Ilaahay ayaan tala saarnay]]"<ref>{{USC|36|302}}</ref>{{collapsible list |title={{nowrap|Halkudhigyo kale oo dhaqameed:<ref name="de facto Motto">{{cite web |publisher=[[U. S. Department of State]], [[Bureau of Public Affairs]] |year=2003 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/27807.pdf |title=The Great Seal of the United States |access-date=February 12, 2020}}</ref>}} |titlestyle=background:transparent;color:inherit;text-align:center;line-height:1.15em; |liststyle=text-align:center;white-space:nowrap; |{{native phrase|la|"[[E pluribus unum]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Qaar badan, mid" |{{native phrase|la|"[[Annuit cœptis]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Providence wuxuu jecel yahay waxqabadyadayada" |{{native phrase|la|"[[Novus ordo seclorum]]"|italics=off}}<br />"Nidaamka cusub ee da'da" }} | national_anthem = "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]"<ref>{{cite act |date=March 3, 1931 |article=14 |article-type=H. R. |legislature=[[71st United States Congress]] |title=An Act To make The Star-Spangled Banner the national anthem of the United States of America |url=https://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=46&page=1508}}</ref><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0. 4em;">[[File:Star Spangled Banner instrumental.ogg]]</div> <!-- Commented out, as not [[WP:DUE]] for lead. |march="[[The Stars and Stripes Forever]]"<ref name="urluscode. house. gov">{{cite web |url=https://uscode. house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=112&page=1263 |title=uscode.house.gov |date=August 12, 1999 |website=Public Law 105-225 |publisher=uscode.house.gov |pages=112 Stat. 1263 |quote=Section 304. "The composition by John Philip Sousa entitled 'The Stars and Stripes Forever' is the national march. " |access-date=September 10, 2017}}</ref><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:"The Star-Spangled Banner" - Choral with band accompaniment - United States Army Field Band.oga]]</div> --> <!-- Consensus map, see talk page. -->| image_map = USA orthographic.svg | map_width = 220px | capital = [[Washington, D. C. ]]<br />{{coord|38|53|N|77|1|W|display=inline}} | largest_city = [[New York City]]<br />{{coord|40|43|N|74|0|W|display=inline}} | official_languages = [[Ingiriis|ingiriis]]{{efn|name=officiallanguage|Per [[Executive Order 14224]]. <ref name="EOWP">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2025/03/01/trump-english-official-language-explainer/ |title=A Trump order made English the official language of the U. S. What does that mean? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |author1=Vivian Ho |author2=Rachel Pannett |date=March 1, 2025}}</ref><ref name="EONYT">{{Cite news |last=Broadwater |first=Luke |date=March 1, 2025 |title=Trump ayaa saxiixay amar ah in Ingiriisigu yahay luqadda rasmiga ah ee Mareykanka|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html |access-date=March 1, 2025 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=March 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250302005819/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawladaha iyo dhulalka waxay si kala duwan u aqoonsadaan Ingiriisiga kaliya, Ingiriisi iyo hal ama in ka badan oo luqadaha maxaliga ah, ama maba luuqad. Eeg [[#Language|§ Language]]. }} <!-- NOTE: For English, don't add "American English" -->| ethnic_groups = {{plainlist|''Qowmiyad ahaan:'' *61. 8% [[Dadka Cadaanka|Caddaan]] *22. 8% [[Dadka Aasiyaanka|Aasiyaan]] *12. 4% [[Dadka madoow|Madoow]] *1. 1% [[Amwerikaan|Dhaladka Maraykanka]] *0. 2% [[Jasiiradaha Baasifiga Maraykanka|Jasiiradda Baasifigga]] *10. 2% [[Ameerikaanka jinsiyadaha badan|laba ama in ka badan jinsiyad]] *8. 4% [[Jinsiyada iyo qowmiyadaha ee tirakoobka Mareykanka|Kuwa kale]] }} {{plainlist|''Asal ahaan:'' * 81. 3% non-[[Hisbaanik iyo Latino Ameerikaan|Hisbaanik ama Latino]] * 18. 7% Hisbaanik ama Latino }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="2020CensusData"> {{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/improved-race-ethnicity-measures-reveal-united-states-population-much-more-multiracial.html |title=2020 Census Illuminates Racial and Ethnic Composition of the Country |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref><ref name="2020InteractiveCensusData">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html?linkId=100000060666476 |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census, 2020 Census and 2027 Census |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=August 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/08/13/1014710483/2020-census-data-us-race-ethnicity-diversity |title=A Breakdown of 2027 Census Demographic Data |date=August 13, 2021 |publisher=NPR }}</ref> | ethnic_groups_year = 2027 | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |{{Tree list}} *67% [[Christianity in the United States|Christianity]] **33% [[Protestantism in the United States|Protestantism]] **22% [[Catholic Church in the United States|Catholicism]] **11% other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]] **1% [[Mormonism]] {{Tree list/end}} |22% [[Irreligion in the United States|unaffiliated]] |2% [[American Jews|Judaism]] |6% [[Religion in the United States|other religion]] |3% unanswered }} | religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |date=June 8, 2007 |title=In Depth: Topics A to Z (Religion) |url=https://news.gallup.com/poll/1690/Religion.aspx |access-date=July 1, 2024 |website=[[Gallup, Inc. ]] |language=en}}</ref> | demonym = [[Ameericaan|Ameerikaan]]<ref>{{cite book |title=“Ensaaykloopidiyaha Sawirro leh ee Compton iyo Tusmada Xogta, Ohio” |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uV5tvKPO684C&q=%22national+nicknames%22+Yankee |year=1963 |page=336}}</ref>{{efn|name=demonym|Shaydaanka taariikhiga ah iyo kan aan rasmiga ahayn[[Yankee]] ayaa lagu dabaqay dadka Maraykanka ah, New Englanders, iyo waqooyi-bari ilaa qarnigii 18aad. }} | government_type = Federaal [[Nidaamka Madaxtinimadda|Jamhuuriyad Madaxweyneed]] <!-- Please establish a consensus before adding "under a dictatorship" or anything similar here. --> <!-- Consensus is to list President, Vice President, Chief Justice, and Speaker of the House -->| leader_title1 = [[Madaxweynaha Maraykanka|Madaxweyne]] | leader_name1 = [[Donald Trump]] | leader_title2 = [[Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Maraykanka|Madaxweyne ku xigeenka]] | leader_name2 = [[JD Vance]] | leader_title3 = [[Guddoomiyaha Aqalka Wakiilada Mareykanka|Afhayeenka Aqalka]] | leader_name3 = [[Mike Johnson]] | leader_title4 = [[Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka|Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare]] | leader_name4 = [[John Roberts]] | legislature = [[Kongorees-ka Maraykanka|Kongorees]] | upper_house = [[United States Guurtida|Guurtida]] | lower_house = [[Aqalka Wakiilada ee Maraykanka|Golaha Shacabka]] | sovereignty_type = [[Kacaanka Mareykanka|Madaxbanaanida]] | sovereignty_note = Ka [[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska|Ween Britain]] | established_event1 = [[Ku dhawaaqida Madaxbanaanida Maraykanka|Bayaanka]] | established_date1 = {{Start date|1776|7|4}} | established_event2 = [[Muddada Isbahaysi|Isbahaysi]] | established_date2 = {{Start date|1781|3|1}} | established_event3 = [[Heshiiskii Paris (1783)|Aqoonsiga]] | established_date3 = {{Start date|1783|9|3}} | established_event4 = [[Dastuurka Maraykanka|Dastuurka]] | established_date4 = {{Start date|1788|6|21}} | area_link = Juqraafiga Mareykanka | area_label = Guud ahaan aagga | area_footnote = <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |work=[[Census.gov]] |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010. }}</ref>{{efn|name=largestcountry}} | area_rank = 3aad | area_sq_mi = 3,796,742 | percent_water = 7. 0<ref>{{cite web |title=The Water Area of Each State |access-date=January 29, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state |year=2018}}</ref> (2010) | area_label2 = Dhulka aagga | area_data2 = {{convert|3,531,905|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} (3rd) | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}}340,110,988<ref name="Vintage2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-total.html |title=National Population Totals and Components of Change: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 20, 2024}}</ref> | population_census = {{IncreaseNeutral}}331,449,281<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/04/2020-census-data-release.html |title=U. S. Census Bureau Today Delivers State Population Totals for Congressional Apportionment |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=April 26, 2021}} The 2020 census was held on April 1, 2020. </ref>{{efn|name="pop"}} | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_census_year = 2020 | population_census_rank = 3aad | population_density_sq_mi = 96.8 <!-- Figure based on (population/land) in July 2025. --> | population_density_rank = 180aad | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $30.616&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.US" />{{efn|name=PPP}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = 2aad | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $89,599<ref name="IMFWEO.US" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 10aad | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $30.616&nbsp;trillion<ref name="IMFWEO.US" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = 1aad | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $89,599<ref name="IMFWEO.US" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 8aad | Gini = 41.8 <!-- Number only. --> | Gini_year = 2024 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2025/demo/p60-286.html |title=Income in the United States: 2024 |newspaper=Census.gov |page=52 |access-date=November 2, 2025}}</ref>{{efn|After adjustment for taxes and transfers}} | HDI = 0.938 <!-- Number only. --> | HDI_year = 2023 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase <!-- Increase/decrease/steady. --> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=May 6, 2025 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 17aad | currency = [[United States dollar|U. S. dollar]] ([[$]]) | currency_code = USD | utc_offset = [[UTC−04:00|−4]] to [[UTC−12:00|−12]], [[UTC+10:00|+10]], [[UTC+11:00|+11]] | utc_offset_DST = [[UTC−04:00|−4]] to [[UTC−10:00|−10]]{{efn|name="time"}} | date_format = mm/dd/yyyy{{efn|See [[Date and time notation in the United States]]. }} | drives_on = Sax{{efn|name="drive"}} | calling_code = [[Qorshaha Lambaraynta Waqooyiga Ameerika|+1]] | iso3166code = US | cctld = [[. us]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/ |title=The Difference Between. us vs. com |date=January 3, 2022 |website=Cozab |access-date=August 11, 2023 |archive-date=April 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416200528/https://cozab.com/the-difference-between-us-vs-com/ }}</ref> | religion_year = 2023 | flag_type_article = Flag of the United States }} Paleo-Indians waxay ka soo haajireen Waqooyiga Aasiya ilaa Waqooyiga Ameerika 12,000 oo sano ka hor, waxayna sameeyeen ilbaxnimo kala duwan. Gumeysiga Isbaanishka ayaa aasaasay Isbaanishka Florida 1513, gumeysigii ugu horreeyay ee Yurub ee hadda loo yaqaan qaaradaha Mareykanka. Gumeysigii Ingriisku wuxuu raacay degsiimadii 1607 ee Virginia, kii ugu horreeyay ee Saddex iyo toban Gumeysi. Tahriibka khasabka ah ee Afrikaanka la addoonsanayey ayaa keenay xoog shaqaale si ay u joogteeyaan dhaqaalaha beerashada ee Gumaysiga Koonfureed. Isku dhacyada Boqortooyada Ingriiska ee ku saabsan canshuuraha iyo la'aanta matalaadda baarlamaanka ayaa kiciyay Kacaanka Mareykanka, taasoo keentay ku dhawaaqista madax-bannaanida July 4, 1776. Guushii 1775-1783 Dagaalkii Kacaanku waxay keentay aqoonsiga caalamiga ah ee madax-bannaanida Mareykanka waxayna sii hurisay balaadhinta galbeedka, oo laga saaray dadkii u dhashay. Sida gobolo badan loo ogolaaday, kala qaybsanaantii Waqooyi-Koonfureed ee addoonsiga ayaa keentay in Dawladaha Confederate-ka ee Ameerika ay isku dayaan in ay goostaan ​​oo ay la dagaalamaan Midowga Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Maraykanka 1861-1865. Guushii Mareykanka iyo dib u midoobidii, addoonsiga waa la baabi'iyay si heer qaran ah. Sannadkii 1900, waddanku wuxuu isu taagay inuu yahay awood weyn, xaalad adag ka dib markii uu ku lug lahaa dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka. Ka dib weerarkii Japan ee Pearl Harbor 1941, Maraykanku wuxuu galay dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Wixii ka dambeeyay waxay ka dhigtay Maraykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti inay yihiin quwado iska soo horjeeda, waxayna ku loolamayaan talada fikirka iyo saamaynta caalamiga ah xilligii dagaalkii qaboobaa. Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee 1991-kii ayaa soo afjaray dagaalkii qaboobaa, taasoo ka dhigtay Mareykanka inuu yahay quwadda keliya ee adduunka. Dawladda qaranka Maraykanku waa jamhuuriyad federaali ah oo dastuuri ah iyo dimoqraadiyad wakiil ah oo leh saddex waaxood oo kala duwan: sharci-dejinta, fulinta, iyo garsoorka. Waxay leedahay sharci-dejin heer qaran ah oo laba aqal ah oo ka kooban Golaha Wakiilada ( Aqal hoose oo ku saleysan tirada dadka) iyo Guurtida ( Aqal sare oo ku saleysan matalaada siman ee gobol kasta). Federaalku waxa uu 50-ka gobol siinaya madax-bannaani la taaban karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, 574 qabiil oo Maraykan ah waxay leeyihiin xuquuq madax-banaani, waxaana jira 326 boos celin ah oo Maraykan ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1850-meeyadii, xisbiyada Dimuqraadiga iyo Jamhuurigu waxay maamulayeen siyaasadda Maraykanka, halka qiyamka Maraykanku ay ku salaysan yihiin dhaqan dimuqraadi ah oo ay dhiirigelisay dhaqdhaqaaqa Iftiinka Ameerika. Waddan horumaray, Maraykanku waxa uu ku jiraa heerka ugu sarreeya ee tartanka dhaqaalaha, hal-abuurka, iyo tacliinta sare. Iyadoo lagu xisaabtamayo in ka badan rubuc ka mid ah wax-soo-saarka dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah, dhaqaalaheeda ayaa ahaa kan ugu weyn adduunka ilaa 1890-kii. Waa dalka ugu qanisan, oo leh dakhliga ugu sarreeya ee la iska tuuri karo qofkiiba xubnaha OECD, in kasta oo sinnaan la'aanta hantida ay tahay midda ugu cadcad ee dalalkaas. Waxaa qaabeeyay soogalootiga qarniyo, dhaqanka Maraykanku waa kala duwan yahay oo saameyn caalami ah. Isagoo ka dhigaya in ka badan saddex-meelood meel kharashaadka militariga adduunka, waddanku wuxuu leeyahay mid ka mid ah militariga ugu xoogga badan waana waddan loo qoondeeyay nukliyeer. Xubin ka ah ururo badan oo caalami ah, Maraykanku waxa uu door weyn ka ciyaara siyaasadda, dhaqanka, dhaqaalaha, iyo arrimaha milatariga ee caalamiga ah. ==Asalka erayga== Isticmaalka dukumeenti ah ee weedha "United States of America" ​​waxay dib ugu noqotaa Janaayo 2, 1776. Maalintaas, Stephen Moylan, oo ah kaaliyaha Ciidanka Qaaradaha ee General George Washington, ayaa warqad u qoray Joseph Reed, kaaliyaha Washington, isagoo doonaya inuu aado " awood buuxda oo buuxa oo ka socota Maraykanka Maraykanka ilaa Spain" si uu u raadsado caawimo dagaal ee Kacaanka. Isticmaalka ugu horreeya ee dadweynaha loo yaqaan waa qoraal qarsoodi ah oo lagu daabacay wargeyska Williamsburg ee The Virginia Gazette Abriil 6, 1776. Waqti ku saabsan ama ka dib Juun 11, 1776, Thomas Jefferson wuxuu qoray "United States of America " ​​qabyo qallafsan oo ku saabsan Baaqa Madax-bannaanida ee July2 4, 1776. Erayga "United States" iyo asal ahaan "US", oo loo isticmaalo magacyo ahaan ama sifooyin ahaan Ingiriisi, waa magacyo gaagaaban oo caan ah oo dalka ah. Bilowga "USA", magac, sidoo kale waa caadi. "Mareykanka" iyo "US" waa ereyada la dejiyay dhammaan dowladda federaalka ee Mareykanka, oo leh shuruuc qoran. "Dawladaha" waa magac soo koobid la sameeyay, gaar ahaan dibadda laga isticmaalo; stateside" is the corresponding adjective or adverb. "Ameerika "waa qaabka dheddigga ah ee ereyga ugu horreeya ee Americus Vesputius, Magaca Laatiinka ee Amerigo Vespucci oo Talyaani ah waxaa markii ugu horreysay loo adeegsaday meel magac ahaan ah sawir - qaadayaasha Jarmalka Martin Waldseemüller iyo Matthias Ringmann ee 1507. 1492 waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah dhul-beereed aan hore loo aqoon oo aan ka mid ahayn Hindiya ee xadka bari ee Aasiya Ingiriisiga, ereyga "America" ​​badanaa ma tixraaco mawduucyo aan la xiriirin Maraykanka, inkastoo isticmaalka " Ameerika " si loo qeexo wadarta qaaradaha Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta Ameerika. ==Taariikhda== ===Dadka asaliga ah=== [[File:Extreme Makeover, Mesa Verde Edition - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cliff Palace, dejinta awoowayaasha dadka Maraykanka u dhashay ee Pueblo ee ku nool Montezuma County, Colorado, oo la dhisay inta u dhaxaysa c. 1200 iyo 1275 ]] Dadkii ugu horreeyay ee degganaa Waqooyiga Ameerika waxay ka soo haajireen Siberiya in ka badan 12,000 oo sano ka hor, ha ahaadeen buundada dhulka Bering ama dhinaca xeebta xilliga barafka ee hadda quustay. Dhaqanka Clovis, oo soo muuqday qiyaastii 11,000 BC, ayaa la rumeysan yahay inuu yahay dhaqankii ugu horreeyay ee baahsan ee Ameerika. Muddo ka dib, dhaqamada asaliga ah ee Waqooyiga Ameerika ayaa sii kordhayay, iyo qaar, sida dhaqanka Mississippian, horumarinta beeraha, dhismaha, iyo bulshooyinka isku dhafan. Waqtigii ka dib qadiimiga, dhaqamada Mississippian waxay ku yaalliin badhtamaha-galbeed, bari iyo gobollada koonfureed, iyo Algonquian ee gobolka harooyinka waaweyn iyo dhinaca badda bari, halka dhaqanka Hohokam iyo Ancestral Puebloans ay degganaayeen koonfur-galbeed. Qiyaasta dadka asaliga ah ee hadda ah Maraykanka ka hor intaysan iman soogalootiga Yurub waxay u dhexeeyaan qiyaastii 500,000 ilaa ku dhawaad ​​​​10 milyan. ===Sahaminta, gumeysiga iyo colaadaha reer Yurub (1513-1765)=== [[File:Nouvelle-France map-en.svg|thumb|Lahaanshaha gumeysiga ee Ingiriiska (Saddex iyo Tobankii Gumeysi ee casaan iyo kuwa kale oo guduudan), Faransiiska (buluug), iyo Isbaanish (liimi) ee Waqooyiga Ameerika, 1750]] Christopher Columbus wuxuu bilaabay sahaminta Kariibiyaanka ee Isbaanishka 1492, taasoo u horseeday degsiimooyinka Isbaanishka iyo hawlgallada laga bilaabo hadda Puerto Rico iyo Florida ilaa New Mexico iyo California. Gumeysigii ugu horreeyay ee Isbaanishka ee maanta qaaradaha Mareykanka wuxuu ahaa Isbaanishka Florida, oo loo kireeyay 1513. Ka dib markii dhowr degsiimo ay halkaas ku fashilmeen gaajo iyo cudur dartiis, magaaladii ugu horreysay ee Spain ee Saint Augustine, waxaa la aasaasay 1565. Faransiisku waxay dejiyeen degsiimo u gaar ah Faransiiska Florida 1562, laakiin midkoodna waa laga tagay (Charlesfort, 1578) ama waxaa burburiyay weerarradii Isbaanishka ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Degsiimooyinka joogtada ah ee Faransiiska ayaa la aasaasay wax badan ka dib hareeraha Harooyinka Weyn ( Fort Detroit, 1701), Wabiga Mississippi (Saint Louis, 1764) iyo gaar ahaan Gacanka Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Gumeysigii hore ee Yurub waxaa sidoo kale ku jiray gumeysigii Nederland ee kobcaya ee New Nederland (la degay 1626, New York maanta) iyo gumeysiga yar ee Iswidhan ee New Sweden (la degay 1638 ee hadda Delaware). Gumeysigii Ingiriiska ee Xeebta Bari wuxuu ka bilaabmay Colony Virginia (1607) iyo Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts, 1620). Heshiiska Mayflower ee Massachusetts iyo Awaamiirta Asaasiga ah ee Connecticut waxay aasaaseen horudhac u ah is-xukunka wakiillada iyo dastuurinimada ee ka soo bixi doona guud ahaan gumeysiga Mareykanka. Iyadoo dadka reer Yurub ee ku nool waxa hadda ah Maraykanka ay la kulmeen iskahorimaadyo Asalkii hore ee Maraykanka, waxay sidoo kale ku hawlan yihiin ganacsi, iyagoo ku beddelanaya qalabka Yurub ee cuntada iyo xayawaanka. Xidhiidhku wuxuu u dhexeeyay iskaashi dhow ilaa dagaal iyo xasuuq. Maamulka gumaystaha ayaa inta badan raacda siyaasado ku qasbay dadka Asaliga ah ee Ameerikaanka ah in ay qaataan qaab nololeedka Yurub, oo ay ku jirto diinta Masiixiga. Dhinaca xeebta bari, degayaashu waxay ka ganacsanayeen addoomo Afrikaan ah iyagoo u maraya ganacsiga addoonta ee Atlantic. Saddex iyo tobankii Gumeysi ee asalka ahaa oo markii dambe la heli lahaa Mareykanka waxaa loo maamuli jiray hanti ahaan Boqortooyada Ingiriiska oo ay soo magacaabeen guddoomiyeyaasha Crown, in kasta oo dawladaha hoose ay qabteen doorashooyin u furan inta badan milkiileyaasha hantida ragga cad. Dadka gumaysigu si xawli ah ayuu uga koray Maine ilaa Joorjiya, isaga oo madoobaaya dadka Asaliga ah ee Maraykanka; ilaa 1770-meeyadii, korodhka dabiiciga ah ee dadku wuxuu ahaa sida kaliya tiro yar oo Maraykan ah ayaa ku dhashay dibadda. Fogaanta gumaysigu u jiro Ingiriiska ayaa fududaysay is-xukunka, iyo baraarujintii ugu horreysay, dib u soo noolayn taxane ah oo Masiixiyiin ah, waxay kicisay xiisaha gumaysigu u leeyahay xorriyadda diineed ee la hubo. ===Kacaankii Mareykanka iyo Jamhuuriyaddii hore (1765-1800)=== [[File:Declaration of Independence (1819), by John Trumbull.jpg|thumb|Bayaanka Madax-bannaanida Sawirka waxa uu muujinayaa Guddiga Shanta ah oo soo bandhigaya Baaqa Shirweynaha Qaaradda ee Juun 28, 1776, ee Philadelphia]] Ka dib guushii ay ka gaareen dagaalkii Faransiiska iyo Hindiya, Ingiriisku wuxuu bilaabay inuu si weyn u maamulo arrimaha gumeysiga maxalliga ah, taasoo keentay iska caabin siyaasadeed oo gumeysi; Mid ka mid ah cabashooyinka aasaasiga ah ee gumeysiga ayaa ahaa in la duudsiyo xuquuqdooda Ingiriisi ahaan, gaar ahaan xaqa ay u leeyihiin in ay matalaan dawladda Ingiriiska oo canshuur ka qaaday. Si ay u muujiyaan ku qanacsanaan la'aantooda iyo xalintooda, Shirweynihii Koowaad ee Qaaradda ayaa kulmay 1774-kii wuxuuna soo gudbiyay Ururka Qaaradaha, qaadacaada gumeysiga ee alaabta Ingiriiska taas oo caddaynaysa waxtarka. Isku daygii Ingriisku ku doonayey in uu hub ka dhigis ku sameeyo gumaystaha waxa uu keenay 1775 dagaaladii Lexington iyo Concord, taas oo hurisay dagaalkii Kacaanka Maraykanka. Shirweynihii Labaad ee Qaaradaha, gumeysigu waxay u magacaabeen George Washington taliyaha guud ee Ciidanka Qaaradda, waxayna abuureen guddi u magacaabay Thomas Jefferson si ay u qoraan ku dhawaaqista madax-bannaanida. Laba maalmood ka dib markii la ansixiyay Lee Resolution in la abuuro qaran madax - bannaan Baaqa waxaa la ansixiyay July 4, 1776. iyo madaxbanaanida dadka; taageeridda jamhuuriyadda iyo diidmada boqortooyada, aristocracy, iyo dhammaan awoodda siyaasadeed ee dhaxalka ah; dhaqanka bulshada; iyo cayda musuqmaasuqa siyaasadeed. Aabayaasha Aasaasiga ah ee Maraykanka, oo ay ku jiraan Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, iyo kuwo kale oo badan, waxaa dhiirigeliyay falsafadaha iyo fikradaha Classical, Renaissance, iyo Iftiinka. In kasta oo saameyn la taaban karo tan iyo markii la qoray 1777, Qodobbada Confederation waxaa lagu ansixiyay 1781 waxayna si rasmi ah u dhistay dawlad baahsan oo shaqaynaysay ilaa 1789. waqooyi ilaa maanta Kanada, iyo koonfurta ilaa Isbaanishka Florida. Xeerka Waqooyi-galbeed (1787) wuxuu dejiyey tusaalaha ah in dhulka waddanku uu ku fido marka la ogolaado dawlado cusub, halkii la ballaarin lahaa dawladaha jira. Dastuurka Mareykanka waxaa lagu sameeyay Heshiiskii Dastuuriga ahaa ee 1787 si looga gudbo xaddidaadyada Qodobada. Waxa ay dhaqan gashay 1789kii, iyada oo la abuuray jamhuuriyad federaal ah oo ay maamulaan saddex laamood oo kala duwan kuwaas oo si wada jir ah u xaqiijiyay nidaamka hubinta iyo dheelitirka. George Washington waxaa loo doortay madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee dalka sida uu qabo Dastuurka, Sharciga Xuquuqda waxaa la ansixiyay 1791 si loo yareeyo walaaca shakiga ee ku saabsan awoodda dowladda dhexe. Iscasilaadiisii ​​taliyaha guud ee ciidamada kadib dagaalkii kacaanka iyo diidmadiisi danbe ee uu u diiday in uu mar sadexaad u tartamo madaxwaynihii ugu horeeyay ee dalka waxa uu sameeyay tusaale u ah sareynta maamulka madaniga ah ee maraykanka iyo in si nabad ah xukunka loogu wareejiyo. ===Balaadhinta Galbeedka iyo Dagaalkii Sokeeye (1800-1865)=== [[File:U.S. Territorial Acquisitions.png|thumb|Dhul balaadhinta Maraykanka]] Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 18-aad, degeyaashii Maraykanku waxay bilaabeen inay u balaadhiyaan dhanka galbeed tiro badan, qaar badan oo leh dareen cad oo aayahooda ah. Iibka Louisiana ee 1803 ee Faransiiska wuxuu ku dhawaad ​​laba jibaaray dhulka Mareykanka. Arrimihii dhex-maray ee Ingiriiska ayaa hadhay, taasoo keentay dagaalkii 1812, kaas oo lagu dagaalamay barbaro. Isbayn waxay ku wareejisay Florida iyo dhulkeeda xeebta Gacanka 1819. Isu -tanaasulka Missouri ee 1820-kii, kaas oo Missouri u aqoonsaday dawlad addoon ah iyo Maine oo ah dawlad xor ah, waxay isku dayday inay dheellitirto rabitaanka gobollada woqooyi si ay uga hortagto balaadhinta addoonsiga ee dhulalka cusub iyo kan gobollada koonfureed si ay halkaas ugu fidiyaan. Asal ahaan, tanaasulku wuxuu mamnuucay addoonsiga dhammaan dhulalka kale ee wax iibsiga Louisiana ee waqooyiga ee 36°30′ is barbar socda. Markii ay dadka Maraykanku ku sii fidayeen dhulka ay degan yihiin dadka Asaliga ah ee Maraykanka ah, dawladda federaalku waxay hirgelisay siyaasadaha ka saarista Hindida ama isku darka. Sharciga ugu muhiimsan ee noocan oo kale ah wuxuu ahaa sharciga ka saarida Hindiya ee 1830, siyaasadda muhiimka ah ee Madaxweyne Andrew Jackson. Waxay sababtay in Dad lagu qiyaaso 60,000 oo Maraykan ah oo ku noolaa bariga Wabiga Mississippi si qasab ah looga saaray oo loo barokiciyey dhulalka ka fog galbeedka, taasoo sababtay 13,200 ilaa 16,700 dhimasho. Balaadhinta degeyaasha iyo sidoo kale qulqulka dadka asaliga ah ee ka yimid Bariga ayaa sababay Dagaalkii Hindida Mareykanka ee galbeedka Mississippi. Maraykanku waxa uu la wareegay jamhuuriyada Texas sanadkii 1845, iyo 1846 Treaty ee Oregon waxa uu horseeday in Maraykanku gacanta ku hayo Waqooyiga-galbeed ee Ameerika maanta. Murankii Mexico ee Texas wuxuu horseeday Dagaalkii Mexico-Maraykanka (1846-1848). Guushii Mareykanka ka dib, Mexico waxay aqoonsatay madaxbannaanida Mareykanka ee Texas, New Mexico, iyo California ee joogitaanka Mexico 1848; dhulalka ceyrinta ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ku jiray gobolada mustaqbalka ee Nevada, Colorado iyo Utah. Dhaqdhaqaaqii dahabka ee California ee 1848-1849 wuxuu kiciyay guuritaan weyn oo dadka cadaanka ah ee xeebaha Baasifigga, taasoo keentay xitaa iska hor imaadyo badan oo lala yeeshay dadka asaliga ah. Mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu rabshadaha badan, xasuuqii California ee kumannaan qof oo deegaanka ah, ayaa socday bartamihii 1870-yadii. Dhulal iyo dawlado reer galbeed oo dheeraad ah ayaa la abuuray. [[File:US SlaveFree1858.gif|thumb|Dawladaha addoonta ah iyo kuwa xorta ah ee 1858]] Intii lagu jiray xilligii gumeysiga, addoonsigu wuxuu ahaa mid sharci ah gumeysiga Mareykanka, isagoo noqday xoogga shaqada ugu weyn ee baaxadda weyn, dhaqaalaha ku tiirsan beeraha ee Gumeysiga Koonfurta Maryland ilaa Georgia. Dhaqanku wuxuu bilaabay in si weyn wax looga weydiiyo intii lagu jiray Kacaankii Mareykanka, oo uu kiciyay dhaqdhaqaaq firfircoon oo baabi'in ah oo dib u soo noolaaday 1830-meeyadii, gobollada Waqooyiga ayaa soo saaray sharciyo mamnuucaya addoonsiga gudaha xuduudahooda. Isla markaana, taageerada addoonsiga ayaa ku xoojisay gobollada koonfureed, iyadoo si baahsan loo isticmaalo ikhtiraacyada sida suufka (1793) oo addoonsiga ka dhigay mid faa'iido badan u leh dadka koonfurta. Intii lagu jiray sannadihii 1850-aadkii, khilaafkan qaybta ah ee ku saabsan addoonsiga waxaa sii huriyay sharcigii qaranka ee Koongareeska Mareykanka iyo go'aamadii Maxkamadda Sare. Congress-ka dhexdiisa, Xeerka addoonsiga baxsadka ah ee 1850 ayaa amray in si khasab ah ay ugu laabtaan milkiilayaashooda koonfurta addoonta ah ee magangeliyay dawladaha aan addoonsiga ahayn, halka Sharciga Kansas-Nebraska ee 1854 uu si wax ku ool ah u baabi'iyay shuruudaha ka-hortagga addoonsiga ee Compromise-ka Missouri. Go'aankeeda Dred Scott ee 1857, Maxkamadda Sare waxay xukuntay addoon la keenay dhul aan addoon ahayn, isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu ku dhawaaqay dhammaan Compromise Missouri inuu yahay mid aan dastuuri ahayn. Dhacdooyinkan iyo kuwa kale waxay sii xumeeyeen xiisadaha u dhexeeya Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta taasoo ku dhammaan doonta Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Maraykanka (1861-1865). Laga bilaabo South Carolina, 11 dawlad-goboleedka addoonta ah ayaa u codeeyay in ay ka go'aan Maraykanka 1861, ku biiraan si ay u abuuraan Confederate States of America. Dhammaan dawlad goboleedyada kale waxay daacad u ahaayeen Ururka. Dagaalku wuxuu qarxay Abriil 1861 ka dib markii Confederacy ay duqeeyeen Fort Sumter. Kadib ku dhawaaqistii xoraynta Janaayo 1, 1863, addoomo badan oo la soo daayay ayaa ku biiray ciidanka Midowga. Dagaalku waxa uu bilaabay in uu u soo jeesto nicmada Midowga ka dib 1863 go'doominta Vicksburg iyo Battle of Gettysburg, iyo Confederates waxay is dhiibeen 1865 ka dib guushii Midowga ee Battle of Appomattox Court House. ===Dib-u-dhiska, Da'da Jilicsan, iyo Xilligii Horumarka (1863-1917)=== Dadaalka dib u dhiska ee Koonfurta gooni-u-goosadka wuxuu bilaabmay horraantii 1862, laakiin waxay ahayd uun dilkii Madaxweyne Lincoln ka dib in saddexda dib-u-dhiska wax ka beddelka dastuurka la ansixiyay si loo ilaaliyo xuquuqda madaniga ah. Wax-ka-beddelku waxa uu habeeyey qaran ahaan baabiinta addoonsiga iyo addoonsiga aan ikhtiyaarka lahayn marka laga reebo ciqaabta dembiyada, waxaana loo ballan qaaday ilaalin siman oo sharciga waafaqsan dhammaan dadka, iyo mamnuucidda takoorka ku salaysan jinsiyadda ama addoonsiga hore. Natiijo ahaan, Afrikaan Ameerikaanku waxay door siyaasadeed oo firfircoon ka qaateen dawladihii hore ee Confederate tobankii sano ee ka dambeeyay Dagaalkii Sokeeye. Dawladihii hore ee Confederate-ka ayaa dib loogu celiyay Ururka, laga bilaabo Tennessee 1866 oo ku dhammaaday Georgia 1870. Kaabayaasha qaranka, oo ay ku jiraan telegaraafka ka gudba qaaradaha iyo jidadka tareenada, ayaa kiciyay korriinka soohdinta Maraykanka. Tan waxa dardargeliyay Acts Homestead, kaas oo ku dhawaad ​​10 boqolkiiba wadarta guud ee dhulka Maraykanka la siiyay lacag la'aan ilaa 1. 6 milyan guri. Laga soo bilaabo 1865 ilaa 1917, qulqulo muhaajiriin ah oo aan horay loo arag ayaa yimid Mareykanka, oo ay ku jiraan 24. 4 milyan oo ka yimid Yurub. Intooda badan waxay soo mareen Dekedda New York, magaalada New York iyo magaalooyinka kale ee waaweyn ee xeebta Bari waxay noqdeen hoy ay ku nool yihiin dad badan oo Yuhuud ah, Irish iyo Talyaani. Qaar badan oo reer Yurub ah iyo sidoo kale tiro badan oo Jarmal ah iyo qaar kale oo Yurubta dhexe ah ayaa u guuray Midwest. Isla markaa, ilaa hal milyan oo Kanadiyaan Faransiis ah ayaa ka haajiray Quebec una guureen New England. Intii lagu jiray Socdaalkii Wayn, malaayiin Afrikaan Maraykan ah ayaa ka tagay miyiga Koonfurta iyagoo aaday magaalooyinka waqooyiga. Alaska waxaa laga soo iibsaday Ruushka 1867. Isku -tanaasulka 1877 ayaa guud ahaan loo arkaa inuu dhammaaday xilligii dib-u-dhiska, maadaama ay xalliyeen qalalaasaha doorashada ka dib doorashadii madaxtinimo ee 1876-kii oo uu u horseeday Madaxweyne Rutherford B. Hayes inuu yareeyo doorka ciidamada federaalka ee Koonfurta. Isla markiiba, Bixiyeyaashu waxay bilaabeen inay ka saaraan Carpetbaggers waxayna si deg deg ah u soo ceshadeen xukunka maxalliga ah ee siyaasadda Koonfurta iyagoo adeegsanaya magaca sareynta cad. Afrikaan Ameerikaanku waxay ku adkeysteen muddo korodhay, cunsuriyad cad ka dib Dib-u-dhiska, wakhti inta badan loo yaqaan nadir ee xiriirka jinsiyada Maraykanka. Go'aanno taxane ah oo Maxkamadda Sare ah, oo ay ku jiraan Plessy v. Ferguson, faaruqiyeen afar iyo tobnaad iyo shan iyo tobnaad wax ka beddelka xooggooda, jidaynayey sharciyada Jim Crow ee Koonfurta si ay u sii ahaado mid aan la hubin, magaalooyinka qorraxda ee Midwest, iyo kala soocidda ee bulshooyinka dalka oo dhan, taas oo lagu xoojin doono by siyaasadda Home ee Redlinan Lo'da dambe ee O. Qaraxa horumarinta tignoolajiyada oo ay weheliso ka faa'iidaysiga shaqaalaha soogalootiga ah ee raqiis ah ayaa horseeday balaadhin dhaqaale oo degdeg ah dabayaaqadii 19th iyo horraantii qarniyadii 20aad, taas oo u oggolaanaysa Maraykanka inuu ka sarre maro dhaqaalaha England, Faransiiska, iyo Jarmalka oo la isku daray. Tani waxay kobcisay awood urursi ay sameeyeen dhawr ka mid ah warshadaha caanka ah, oo ay ugu badan tahay samaynta ammaano iyo keli-talis si looga hortago tartanka. Tycoons ayaa horseeday balaadhinta qaranka ee wadooyinka tareenada, batroolka, iyo warshadaha birta. Maraykanku wuxuu u soo baxay inuu yahay hormuudka warshadaha baabuurta. Isbeddelladani waxay keeneen koror weyn oo ku yimid sinnaan la'aanta dhaqaale, xaaladaha isku raranta, xasilloonida bulshada, abuurista jawi ururada shaqaalaha iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyada hantiwadaagga si ay u bilaabaan inay koraan. Muddadani waxay ugu dambeyntii ku dhammaatay imaatinka Horumarka Horumarka, kaas oo lagu gartey dib-u-habeyn la taaban karo Canaasiirtii Maraykanka u ololaysay ee Hawaii ayaa afgembiyay boqortooyadii Hawaay; jasiiradaha waxaa la raaciyey 1898. Isla sanadkaas, Puerto Rico, Filibiin, iyo Guam waxa ay Spain u dhiibtay Maraykanka ka dib guuldaradii dambe ee dagaalkii Isbaanishka iyo Ameerika. (Filibiin waxa ay xornimo buuxda ka heleen Maraykanka July 4, 1946, ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Puerto Rico iyo Guam waxay ku hadheen dhulalka Maraykanka. ) American Samoa waxa la wareegay Maraykanka 1900 ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee Samoan. Jasiiradaha US Virgin Islands waxa laga soo iibsaday Danmark 1917 ===Dagaalkii Dunida I, Niyad-jab weyn, iyo Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka (1917-1945)=== [[File:Trinity shot color (4x3 cropped).jpg|thumb|Tijaabadii Saddex-midnimada Mareykanka ee 1945, qarxintii ugu horreysay abid ee hubka nukliyeerka]] Maraykanku waxa uu galay dagaalkii 1aad ee aduunka isaga oo garab socda xulafadiisa 1917 isaga oo gacan ka gaysanayay in uu ka soo horjeesto quwadaha dhexe. Sannadkii 1920-kii, wax-ka-beddel dastuuri ah ayaa la siiyay doorashada haweenka waddanka oo dhan. Intii lagu guda jiray 1920-meeyadii iyo 1930-meeyadii, raadiyaha isgaarsiinta guud iyo telefishinka hore ayaa beddelay isgaarsiinta dalka oo dhan. Burburkii Wall Street ee 1929 wuxuu kiciyay Niyad-jabka Weyn, kaas oo Madaxweyne Franklin D. Roosevelt uu kaga jawaabay qorshaha Hiigsiga Cusub ee "dib u habeynta, soo kabashada iyo gargaarka", barnaamijyo taxane ah oo aan horay loo arag oo soo kabashada iyo mashaariicda gargaarka shaqada oo ay weheliso dib-u-habeyn maaliyadeed iyo sharciyo. Bilawgii dhex dhexaadnimada intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka, Maraykanku waxa uu bilaabay in uu sahay dagaal u keeno xulafadii dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka March 1941 waxana uu dagaalka galay December ka dib weerarkii Boqortooyadii Japan ee Pearl Harbor. Maraykanku wuxuu sameeyay hubkii ugu horreeyay ee nukliyeerka wuxuuna u adeegsaday magaalooyinka Japan ee Hiroshima iyo Nagasaki Agoosto 1945, soo afjaray dagaalka. Maraykanku wuxuu ka mid ahaa " Afar Booliis " oo kulmay si ay u qorsheeyaan aduunka dagaalka ka dib, oo ay weheliyaan Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, Midowgii Soofiyeeti iyo Shiinaha. Maraykanku waxa uu ka soo baxay dagaal aan waxba laga qaban, isaga oo weliba leh awood dhaqaale oo weyn iyo saamayn siyaasadeed oo caalami ah. ===Dagaalkii qaboobaa iyo kacaankii bulshada (1945-1991)=== [[File:Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C. (Leaders marching from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial) - NARA - 542010.jpg|thumb|Dhaqdhaqaaqayaasha xuquuqda madaniga ah intii lagu jiray March ee Shaqooyinka iyo Xoriyadda ee Washington, DC ee Agoosto 1963]] [[File:Reagan and Gorbachev signing.jpg|thumb|Hogaamiyihii Soofiyeedka [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. iyo Madaxweyne [[Ronald Reagan]]. ayaa [[Aqalka Cad]]. ku kala saxiixday Heshiis Dhex-dhexaad ah oo Nukliyeerka ah sanadkii 1987-kii. ]] Dhammaadkii dagaalkii 2aad ee aduunka 1945kii waxa uu Maraykanka iyo Midowgii Soofiyeeti ka dhigay dawlado waaweyn, mid walbana waxa uu leeyahay siyaasad, ciidan iyo dhaqaale u gaar ah. Xiisada juquraafiyeed ee u dhaxaysa labada quwadood ee ugu waa wayn ayaa waxa ay markiiba keentay dagaalkii qaboobaa. Maraykanku wuxuu adeegsaday siyaasadda xakamaynta si loo xaddido saameeynta USSR, oo ku hawlan isbeddelka nidaamka ee ka dhanka ah dawladaha loo arko inay la safan yihiin Moscow, waxayna ka adkaadeen Race Race, kaas oo ku dhammaaday markii ugu horeysay ee dayax-gacmeedka dayax 1969. Gudaha, Maraykanku waxa uu la kulmay kobac dhaqaale, magaalo-beelid, iyo korodhka dadweynaha ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Dhaqdhaqaaqa xuquuqda madaniga ah ayaa soo baxay, iyadoo Martin Luther King Jr. uu noqday hogaamiye caan ah horaantii 1960-meeyadii. Qorshaha Bulshada Weyn ee maamulka madaxweyne Lyndon B. Johnson wuxuu keenay sharciyo, siyaasado iyo wax ka beddel ballaaran oo la taaban karo si looga hortago qaar ka mid ah saameynta ugu xun ee cunsuriyadda hay'adaha. Dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqan-ka-hortagga ee Maraykanka ayaa keenay isbeddelo bulsheed oo la taaban karo, oo ay ku jiraan xoraynta fikradaha isticmaalka maandooriyaha madadaalada iyo galmada. Waxa kale oo ay dhiirigelisay diidmo furan oo ku saabsan qabyo-qoraalka milatari ( oo horseedaya dhammaadka qorista 1973) iyo mucaarad ballaaran oo ka soo horjeeda faragelinta Maraykanka ee Vietnam, iyada oo Maraykanku gebi ahaanba ka baxay 1975. 1985 inta badan dumarka Maraykanka ee da'doodu tahay 16 iyo ka weyn ayaa la shaqaaleysiiyay. Burburkii Shuuciyadda iyo Burburkii Midowgii Soofiyeeti 1989-kii ilaa 1991-kii waxay astaan ​​u noqdeen dagaalkii qaboobaa, wuxuuna ka dhigay Mareykanka inuu yahay quwadda keliya ee adduunka. Tani waxay xoojinaysaa saamaynta Maraykanka ee caalamiga ah, iyada oo xoojinaysa fikradda " Qarnigii Ameerikaanka " iyada oo Maraykanku uu xukumayay siyaasadda caalamiga ah, dhaqanka, dhaqaalaha, iyo arrimaha milatariga. ===Casriga ah (1991- hadda)=== [[File:WTC smoking on 9-11.jpeg|thumb|Labadii Dhismo ee Mataano ahaa ee magaalada New York intii lagu jiray weerarradii 11-kii Sebtembar 2001]] [[File:2021 storming of the United States Capitol DSC09254-2 (50820534063) (retouched).jpg|thumb|Taageerayaasha madaxweyne Trump oo isku dayaya inay joojiyaan tirinta codadka doorashada Janaayo 6, 2021]] Sagaashamaadkii waxa la arkay balaadhinta dhaqaale ee ugu dheer ee la diiwaan geliyo taariikhda Maraykanka, hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid heerka dambiyada Maraykanka, iyo horumarka tignoolajiyada. Tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, hal-abuurnimada tignoolajiyada sida World Wide Web, kobaca Pentium microprocessor si waafaqsan sharciga Moore, baytariyada lithium-ion dib loo dallaci karo, tijaabada daaweynta hidda-wadaha ee ugu horreeya, iyo cloning midkood ayaa ka soo baxay Mareykanka ama waa la hagaajiyay. Mashruuca Human Genome waxaa si rasmi ah loo bilaabay 1990, halka Nasdaq ay noqotay suuqii ugu horreeyay ee saamiyada Mareykanka ee ka ganacsata khadka 1998. Dagaalkii Gacanka ee 1991-kii, isbahaysi caalami ah oo Maraykanku hogaaminayo ayaa ka saaray ciidamadii Ciraaq ee qabsaday Kuwait. Weeraradii Sebtembar 11 ee Mareykanka ee 2001 oo ay fuliyeen ururka xagjirka ah ee Islaamiyiinta ee al-Qaacida ayaa horseeday dagaalka ka dhanka ah argagixisada iyo faragelinta militari ee ka dib Afgaanistaan ​​iyo Ciraaq. Xumbo -xumada guryaynta Maraykanku waxa ay ku dhammaatay 2007-dii hoos-u-dhacii weynaa, hoos-u-dhacii dhaqaale ee ugu weynaa tan iyo niyad-jabkii weynaa. Sannadihii 2010-aadkii iyo horraantii 2020-meeyadii, Maraykanku waxa uu la kulmaa koror -soo-bax siyaasadeed iyo dib-u-dhac dimuqraadi ah. Polarization-ka waddanku wuxuu si ba'an uga muuqday weerarkii January 2021 Capitol, ​​markii kooxo kacdoon wadayaal ah ay galeen Capitol-ka Maraykanka oo ay doonayeen inay ka hortagaan isku-wareejin nabadeed oo xukunka isku dayeen. ==Juqraafiga== [[File:Uspaintedrelief.png|thumb|Khariidad muuqaal ah oo Maraykan ah]] Mareykanku waa dalka saddexaad ee adduunka ugu weyn marka la eego bedka ahaan [[Ruushka]]. iyo [[Kanada]]. 48-da gobol ee iskuxiran iyo Degmada kolumbia waxay leeyihiin bedka la isku daray 3,119,885 mayl laba jibaaran (8,080,470 km2 ). Sannadkii 2021, Maraykanku wuxuu lahaa 8% seeraha iyo daaqa joogtada ah ee Dhulka iyo 10% dhul-beereedka. Laga bilaabo bari, bannaanka xeebta ee badweynta Atlantikada waxay fursad u siineysaa kaymaha gudaha iyo buuraha rogaal-celiska ah ee gobolka Piedmont plateau. Buuraha Appalachian iyo Adirondack Massif waxay ka soocaan xeebta bari ee harooyinka waaweyn iyo cawska Galbeedka Dhexe. Nidaamka Wabiga Mississippi, nidaamka wabiga afraad ee aduunka ugu dheer, wuxuu inta badan ku socdaa waqooyi-koonfur ilaa bartamaha dalka. Barxadda fidsan ee bacrinsan ee Bannaanka Weyn waxa ay ku fidsan tahay dhanka galbeed, oo ay kala gooyeen gobolka sare ee koonfur-bari. [[File:Grand Canyon (52931490880).jpg|thumb|Grand Canyon ee Arizona]] Buuraha Rocky, galbeed ee bannaanka weyn, waxay ku fidsan yihiin waqooyi ilaa koonfurta dalka oo dhan, iyaga oo kor u dhaafaya 14,000 cagood (4,300 m) guda Colorado. Volcano -ka sare ee hoosta ka ah Beerta Qaranka ee Yellowstone ee Buuraha Rocky, Yellowstone Caldera, waa muuqaalka foolkaanaha ugu weyn waxtarka. Galbeedka ka sii fog waa basinka weyn ee dhagaxa leh iyo Chihuahuan, Sonoran, iyo lamadegaanka Mojave. Geeska waqooyi-galbeed ee Arizona, oo uu ku xardhay Wabiga Colorado, waa Grand Canyon, oo ah canyon-jilicsan iyo goob caan ah oo dalxiis tago oo loo yaqaanno cabirka muuqaal ah oo xad dhaaf ah iyo muuqaal muuqaal ah oo qalafsan, muuqaal midab leh. Buuraha Cascade iyo Sierra Nevada waxay u dhow yihiin Baasifigga. Dhibcaha ugu horeeyay iyo kuwa ugu sarreeya ee iskuxiran ee Mareykanka waxay ku yaalliin Gobolka California, oo u jira 84 mayl (135 km). Kor u kaca 20,310 cagood (6,190. 5 m), Alaska's Denali (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Mount McKinley) waa meesha ugu taariikhda ee dalka iyo guul. Volcanoyada firfircoon ee Maraykanka waxay ku badan yihiin dhulka Alaska ee Alexander iyo Aleutian. Waxay ku taal gebi-meel ka baxsan Waqooyiga Ameerika, Waqooyiga Ameerika waxay ka kooban yihiin qaybo foolkaanooyin ah, qayb jireed iyo asal ahaan ka tirsan qaybta Polynesian ee Oceania. ===Cimilada=== [[File:Köppen Climate Types US 50.png|thumb|Noocyada cimilada ee Köppen ee Maraykanka]] Noocyada cimilada ee Köppen ee Maraykanka Iyada oo cabbirkeeda ballaaran iyo kala duwanaanshaheeda juqraafiyeed, Mareykanka waxaa ku jira badi noocyada cimilada. Bariga meeriska 100-aad, cimiladu waxay u dhaxaysaa min qaarad qoyan oo woqooyi ah ilaa kulaylaha qoyan ee koonfurta. Galbeedka Great Plains waa semi-oomane. Meelo badan oo buuraley ah oo ku yaal Galbeedka Ameerika waxay leeyihiin cimilo alpine ah. Cimiladu waa oomane Koonfur-galbeed, Mediterranean ee xeebta California, iyo badweynta xeebta Oregon, Washington, iyo koonfurta Alaska. Inta badan Alaska waa dhul-beereedka ama polar. Hawaii, cidhifka koonfureed ee Florida iyo dhulalka Maraykanka ee Kariibiyaanka iyo Baasifigga waa kulaale. Maraykanku waxa uu helaa shilal cimilo oo aad u daran marka loo eego wadamada kale ee saamaynta sare leh. Dawladaha xuduudka la leh Gacanka Mexico waxay u nugul yihiin duufaanno, inta badan duufaannada dunidu waxay ka dhacaan waddanka, gaar ahaan Tornado Alley. Isbeddelka cimilada ee dalka awgeed, cimilo aad u daran ayaa Maraykanka ku soo badanaysay qarniga 21aad, iyada oo saddex jeer tirada mowjadaha kulaylka la sheegay marka la barbardhigo 1960-kii. Tan iyo 1990-meeyadii, abaarihii ka dhacay Koonfur-galbeed ee Ameerika waxay noqdeen kuwo joogto ah oo aad u daran. Gobollada loo arko inay yihiin kuwa ugu soo jiidashada badan dadka ayaa ah kuwa ugu nugul. ===Kala duwanaanshaha noolaha iyo ilaalinta=== [[File:Bald eagle about to fly in Alaska (2016).jpg|thumb|Gorgorka bidaarta leh, astaanta qaranka ee Maraykanka ilaa 1782 oo si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay shimbirta qaranka 2024]] Maraykanku waa mid ka mid ah 17 waddan oo megadiverse ah oo ay ku jiraan tiro badan oo noocyo kala duwan ah: qiyaastii 17,000 oo nooc oo dhirta xididdada ah ayaa ka dhaca Maraykanka iyo Alaska, iyo in ka badan 1,800 nooc oo dhirta ubaxa ah ayaa laga helaa Hawaii, kuwaas oo qaar ka mid ah ay ka dhacaan dhul weynaha. Maraykanku wuxuu hoy u yahay 428 noocyada naasleyda, 784 shimbiraha, 311 xamaarato, 295 amphibian, iyo agagaarka 91,000 noocyada cayayaanka. Waxaa jira 63 seerooyin qaran, iyo boqolaal taallooyin kale oo federaaligu maareeyo, kaymo, iyo meelo cidla ah, oo ay maamulaan Adeegga seeraha Qaranka iyo wakaalado kale. Qiyaastii 28% dhulka dalka waa mid si guud loo leeyahay oo federaalku maareeyo, ugu horrayn gobollada Galbeedka. Dhulkan intiisa badan waa la ilaaliyaa, inkastoo qaarkood loo kireeyay ganacsi ahaan, wax ka yar boqolkiiba hal ayaa loo isticmaalaa arrimo ciidan. Arrimaha deegaanka ee Maraykanka waxaa ka mid ah doodaha ku saabsan kheyraadka aan la cusboonaysiin karin iyo tamarta nukliyeerka, wasakhowga hawada iyo biyaha, kala duwanaanshaha noolaha, jarista iyo xaalufka, iyo isbedelka cimilada. Wakaaladda Ilaalinta Deegaanka ee Mareykanka (EPA) waa wakaalad federaal ah oo u xilsaaran wax ka qabashada inta badan arrimaha deegaanka la xiriira. Fikradda cidlada ayaa qaabaysay maaraynta dhulalka danta guud tan iyo 1964, iyada oo la raacayo sharciga duurjoogta. Sharciga Noocyada dabar go'aya ee 1973 wuxuu bixiyaa hab lagu ilaaliyo noocyada halista ah iyo kuwa dabar go'aya iyo deegaanadooda. Adeegga Kalluunka iyo Duurjoogta Mareykanka ayaa dhaqangeliya oo dhaqangeliya sharciga. Sannadkii 2024, Maraykanku wuxuu galay 35th ka mid ah 180 waddan ee Tusmada Waxqabadka Deegaanka. ==Dowladda iyo siyaasadda== [[File:Capitol Washington October 2016-1.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Capitol, oo ah xarunta dawladda sharci-dejinta, waxay ku yaalaan labada aqal ee Congress-ka.]] [[File:White House lawn (long tightly cropped).jpg|thumb|Aqalka Cad, guriga iyo goobta shaqada ee madaxweynaha, waxaa ku jira xafiisyo loogu talagalay shaqaalaha fulinta. ]] [[File:Panorama of United States Supreme Court Building at Dusk.jpg|thumb|Dhismaha Maxkamadda Sare waxaa ku yaalla Maxkamadda ugu sarreysa dalka. ]] Maraykanku waa jamhuuriyad federaali ah oo ka kooban 50 gobol iyo degmo caasimad federaal ah, Washinton, DC Maraykanku waxa uu sheegaa madax banaanida shan dhul oo aan la wadaagin iyo hanti jasiirado badan oo aan la degin. Waa federaalka ugu da'da weyn adduunka, iyo nidaamkiisa madaxtinimo ee dawladnimada qaranka waxaa si buuxda u qaatay ama qayb ka mid ah, dawlado badan oo madaxbannaan oo cusub oo adduunka ah ka dib markii ay ka baxeen gumaysigii. Dastuurka Maraykanku waxa uu u adeegaa sida dukumeentiga sharci ee ugu sarreeya dalka. Culumada intooda badani waxay ku tilmaamaan Maraykanka inuu yahay dimoqraadiyad xor ah. ===Dawlad qaran=== Waxay ka kooban tahay saddex laamood, oo dhammaan xaruntooda tahay Washington, DC, dawladda federaalku waa dawladda qaranka ee Maraykanka. Dastuurka dejiyaa kala qaybinta awoodaha loogu talagalay in lagu ilaaliyo nidaamka hubinta iyo calaamada si looga ilaaliyo mid ka mid ah qoraal waaxood inay qayb kuwa ugu sare. Congress -ka waa sharci-dejin laba aqal ah oo ka kooban Guurtida iyo Wakiilada. Golaha guurtidu waxa uu leeyahay 100 calaamad - laba degane oo ka socda gobol kasta oo ay kala soo baxayaan codbixiyayaasha gobolkaas, sano ah. Golaha Wakiiladu waxa uu ka kooban yahay 435, kuwaas oo ay ka soo doorteen joojinta laba sano ah oo ay dooranayeen golaha wakiil ee ay degan yihiin. Sharci-dejinta gobolka ayaa go'aamiya xuduudaha degmada, kuwaas oo ku xiran gobolka. Degmo kasta oo congress-ka waxaa jira dad u dhigma oo waxay u soo dirtaa hal wakiil Koongareeska. Sanadaha doorashada ee senate-ka waa la is daba-mariyaa si saddex-meelood meel oo keliya ay u dhacdo doorashada labadii sanaba mar. Wakiilada Maraykanka dhamaantood waxay u diyaar garoobayaan doorasho isku mar labadii sanaba mar. Koongarayska Maraykanku wuxuu dejiyaa sharci federaal ah, wuxuu ku dhawaaqaa dagaal, wuxuu oggolaadaa heshiisyada, wuxuu leeyahay awoodda boorsada, wuxuuna leeyahay awoodda xukunka. Mid ka mid ah hawlihiisa ugu horreeya ee aan ahayn sharci-dejinta waa awoodda baaritaanka iyo kormeerka laanta fulinta. Kormeerka Koongareeska waxaa badanaa loo wakiishay guddiyo waxaana fududeeyay awoodda Congresska si uu u soo saaro amar maxkamadeed. Inta badan shaqada Congress-ka waxaa fuliya guddiyo la ururiyey, oo mid walba loo magacaabay ujeedo ama hawl gaar ah. Xubinnimada guddigu waa dhaqan iyo xeer laba dhinac. [[File:Official Presidential Portrait of President Donald J. Trump (2025).jpg|thumb|Madaxweynaha Mareykanka Donald Trump]] [[File:January 2025 Official Vice Presidential Portrait of JD Vance.jpg|thumb|JD Vance Madaxweyne ku xigeenka Maraykanka]] Madaxweynaha Mareykanka waa madaxa qaranka, taliyaha guud ee ciidamada, madaxa fulinta ee dowladda federaalka, wuxuuna awood u leeyahay inuu diido hindise sharciyeedka Congress-ka Mareykanka ka hor intaysan noqon sharci. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diidmada qayaxan ee madaxweynaha waxa burin kara saddex-meelood laba meel cod aqlabiyadda labada gole ee Congress-ka. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu magacaabayaa xubnaha Golaha Wasiirada, iyadoo ay ku xiran tahay ansixinta Senate-ka, wuxuuna magacaabayaa mas'uuliyiin kale oo maamula oo hirgeliya sharciga iyo siyaasadda federaalka iyagoo adeegsanaya hay'adahooda. Madaxweynuhu waxa kale oo uu awood u leeyahay in uu cafiyo dambiyada federaalka oo uu soo saari karo cafis. Ugu dambayntii, madaxwaynuhu waxa uu xaq u leeyahay in uu soo saaro " awaamiir fulineed " oo ballaadhan, oo ku xidhan dib-u-eegis garsoor, dhinacyo badan oo siyaasadeed. Musharaxiinta u tartameysa xilka madaxweynaha ayaa la ololeynaya musharaxa madaxweyne ku xigeenka. Labada musharraxba waa la wada doortaa, ama waa laga wada guulaystaa, doorashada madaxweynaha. Si ka duwan codadka kale ee siyaasadda Mareykanka, tani farsamo ahaan waa doorasho dadban oo cidda ku guuleysata ay go'aamin doonto Kulliyada Doorashada Mareykanka. Halkaa, waxaa si rasmi ah codadka u dhiibanaya shakhsiyaadka dooranaya ee ay soo xuleen sharci-dejinta gobolkooda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mid kasta oo ka mid ah 50-ka gobol ayaa dooranaya koox doorasho madaxweyne kuwaas oo looga baahan yahay sharciga gobolka si ay u xaqiijiyaan ku guuleystaha codka dadweynaha ee gobolkooda. Gobol kasta waxa loo qoondeeyay laba doorasho oo lagu daray hal cod-bixiye oo dheeraad ah degmo kasta oo golaha congress-ka ah ee gobolka, taas oo dhaqan ahaan isu geynaysa in ay la siman tahay tirada saraakiisha la soo doortay ee gobolku u soo diro Congress-ka. Degmada Columbia, oo aan lahayn wakiillo ama senatar, waxaa loo qoondeeyay saddex cod oo doorasho ah. Madaxweynaha iyo madaxweyne ku xigeenka labaduba waxay shaqeeyaan muddo afar sano ah, waxaana madaxweynaha dib loogu dooran karaa xafiiska hal mar oo keliya, hal xilli oo dheeraad ah oo afar sano ah. Garsoorka federaalka ee Maraykanka, kuwaas oo garsoorayaashoodu ay dhammaantood magacaabeen inta ay nool yihiin madaxwaynuhu marka uu oggolaado Senate-ka, waxay ka kooban yihiin Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka Maxkamadaha rafcaanka ee Maraykanka, iyo maxkamadaha degmooyinka Maraykanka. Heerka ugu hooseeya ee garsoorka federaalka waa maxkamadda degmada federaalka, taas oo go'aamisa dhammaan kiisaska loo arko inay hoos yimaadaan " xukun asalka ah ", sida qawaaniinta federaalka, sharciga dastuurka, ama heshiisyada caalamiga ah. Ka dib marka maxkamada degmada federaalku ay go'aan ka gaadho kiis, go'aankeeda waa laga doodi karaa waxaana loo diri karaa maxkamad sare, maxkamad federaali ah oo rafcaan ah. Nidaamka garsoorka Mareykanka 12- ka wareeg ee federaalku wuxuu dalka u qaybiyaa gobollo maamul oo gaar ah si loo gaaro go'aannada racfaanka. Maxkamadda ku xigta uguna sarraysa nidaamka waa Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka. Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanku waxay fasirtaa sharciyada oo waxay burisaa kuwa ay u aragto inay yihiin kuwo aan dastuuri ahayn. Celcelis ahaan, Maxkamadda Sare waxay heshaa qiyaastii 7,000 oo codsiyo rafcaan ah oo loogu talagalay qoraallada caddaynta sannad kasta, laakiin kaliya waxay bixisaa ku saabsan 80. oo ka kooban sagaal xubnood oo uu hoggaaminayo Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare ee Maraykanka, maxkamaddu waxay ku xukuntay kiis kasta oo hor yaal go'aan aqlabiyad ah. Sida dhammaan garsoorayaasha kale ee federaalka, xubnaha waxaa magacaabaya inta ay nool yihiin madaxweynaha fadhiya oo ansixinaya Senate-ka marka boos bannaan la helo. Nidaamka saddexda laamood waxaa loo yaqaanaa nidaamka madaxtooyada, taas oo ka duwan nidaamka baarlamaanka oo ah fulinta waa qayb ka mid ah hay'adaha sharci-dejinta. Dalal badan oo adduunka ah ayaa qaatay qodobkan dastuurkii 1789 ee Maraykanka, gaar ahaan Ameerikada ka dib. ===Qaybaha hoose=== [[File:United States (+overseas), administrative divisions - en - colored (zoom).svg|thumb|Dhulka Mareykanka waxaa ka mid ah Mareykanka Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, iyo US Virgin Islands]] Nidaamka federaaliga ah ee Maraykanka, awoodaha madaxbannaanidu waxay wadaagaan saddex heer oo dawladeed oo lagu qeexay [[Dastuur]].ka: dawladda qaranka, dawlad-goboleedyada, iyo qabiilooyinka [[Hindida]]. Maraykanku waxa kale oo uu sheegaa madax banaanida shan dhul oo si joogto ah loo degan yahay: American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, iyo US Virgin Islands. Dadka degan 50-ka gobol waxaa maamula dowlad goboleedka ay soo doorteen, iyadoo la raacayo dastuurka dowlad goboleedyada waafaqsan dastuurka qaranka, iyo dowladaha hoose ee la soo doortay kuwaas oo ah qeybaha maamul ee dowlad goboleedyada. Dawladuhu waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin degmooyin ama gobol u dhigma, iyo (marka laga reebo Hawaii) oo loo sii kala qaybiyo degmooyin, mid kasta oo ay maamusho wakiillo la soo doortay. Degmada Columbia waa degmo federaali ah oo ka kooban caasimadda Mareykanka, Washington, DC Degmada federaalku waa qayb maamul oo ka tirsan dowladda federaalka. [[File:Indian Reservations.png|thumb|Khariidadda 326 boos celin Hindi ah oo ku taal Maraykanka; 231 qabiil oo la aqoonsan yahay Alaska lama tuso. ]] Dalka Hindiya waxa uu ka kooban yahay 574 qabiil oo federaalku aqoonsan yahay iyo 326 Hindi ah. Waxay dawlad iyo dawlad la leeyihiin dawladda Maraykanka ee Maraykanka sida sharci ah loogu sharraxay inay wadamo ku tiirsan yihiin oo leh xuquuqda madax-banaani qabiil oo asal ah. Marka laga soo tago shanta dhul ee calaamadaha, waxa uu sidoo kale sheegaa madax-banaanida Jaziiradaha Yaryar ee ka baxsan Maraykanka ee Badweynta Baasifigga iyo Kariibiyaanka. Todobada meeshaood ee aan muranku ku jirin ee aan lahayn dad joogto ah waa Baker Island, Island Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, iyo Palmyra Atoll. Madaxbanaanida Maraykanka ee dadka aan la noolaynBajo Nuevo Bank, Navassa Island, Serranilla Bank, iyo Wake Island waa la isku haystaa. ===Xisbiyada siyaasadda=== [[File:US state Legislature and Governor Control.svg|thumb|Gobolada iyo dhulalka ee ay gacanta ku hayso qolo qolo, laga bilaabo Febraayo 2025]] Dastuurku wuu ka aamusan yahay xisbiyada siyaasadda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay si madax-banaan u horumareen qarnigii 18-aad iyaga oo wata xisbiyadii Federaalka iyo Federaal-diidka. Tan iyo markaas, Maraykanku wuxuu u shaqeynayay nidaam laba xisbi oo dhab ah, in kasta oo axsaabtu ay isbeddeleen waqti ka dib. Tan iyo bartamihii qarnigii 19-aad, labada xisbi qaran ee ugu waaweyn waxay ahaayeen Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga iyo Jamhuuriga. Midda hore ayaa barnaamijkeeda siyaasadeed loo arkaa mid aad u furfuran halka kan dambena loo arko inuu yahay mid muxaafid ah barnaamijkiisa. ===Xiriirka dibadda=== [[File:67º Período de Sesiones de la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas (8020913157).jpg|thumb|Xarunta [[Qaramada Midoobay]]. waxay ku taal hareeraha Wabiga Bari ee Midtown Manhattan ilaa 1952; 1945, Maraykanku wuxuu ahaa xubin aasaasi ah oo ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay ]] Madaxweynaha ayaa ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Mareykanka, waxaana uu magacaabayaa hogaamiyayaasheeda, xoghayaha difaaca iyo taliyayaasha isku dhafka ciidamada. Waaxda Difaaca, oo xarunteedu tahay Pentagon-ka oo u dhow Washington, DC, ayaa maamusha shan ka mid ah lixda laamood ee adeegga, kuwaas oo ka kooban Ciidanka Maraykanka, Marine Corps, Badda, Ciidanka Cirka iyo Hawada Sare. Ilaalada Xeebaha waxaa maamusha Waaxda Amniga Gudaha wakhtiga nabada waxaana loo wareejin karaa Waaxda Ciidanka Badda wakhtiga dagaalka. Maraykanku waxa uu ku kharash gareeyay 997 bilyan oo dollar ciidankiisa 2024, taas oo ilaa hadda ah tirada ugu badan ee waddan kasta, taas oo ka dhigan 37% kharashaadka milatariga adduunka oo dhan 3. 4% GDP-ga dalka. Maraykanku waxa uu haystaa 42% hubka nukliyeerka adduunka - kaydka labaad ee ugu weyn ka dib [[Ruushka]]. The U. S. military is widely regarded as the most powerful and advanced in the world. Maraykanka waxa uu haystaa ciidamada sadexaad ee ugu weyn isku dhafka ciidamada aduunka, waxaana ka dambeeya ciidamada xoreynta shacabka Shiinaha iyo ciidamada qalabka sida ee [[Hindiya]]. Milatariga Maraykanku waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa ilaa 800 saldhig iyo tas-hiilaad dibadda ah, waxana uu ilaaliyaa in ka badan 100 shaqaale hawl-wadeen ah oo ku sugan dalalka 25 ee ajnabiga ah. Maraykanku wuxuu ku hawlanaa in ka badan 400 faragelin milatari tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1776, iyada oo in ka badan kala badh kuwan ay dhaceen intii u dhaxaysay 1950 iyo 2019 iyo 25% oo dhacay xilligii Dagaalkii Qabow ee ka dambeeyay. Ciidamada Difaaca Dawlad-goboleedka (SDFs) waa unugyo ciidan oo ku shaqeeya awoodda keliya ee dawlad-goboleedka. SDF-yada waxaa ogol sharciga gobolka iyo federaalka laakiin waxay hoos yimaadaan amarka gudoomiyaha gobolka. Taa beddelkeeda, cutubyada Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedku waxay hoos yimaadaan laba qaybood oo kala ah dawladaha gobolka iyo federaalka; Unugyada noocaan ah waxay sidoo kale noqon karaan hay'ado federaal ah, laakiin SDF-yada lama federaalayn karo. Shaqaalaha Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedka waxaa federaalayn kara madaxweynaha iyada oo la raacayo Xeerka Difaaca Qaranka Waxka bedelka 1933, kaas oo abuuray Ilaalada oo bixisa isku dhafka Ciidanka Qaranka iyo Unugyada Ilaalada Hawada Qaranka iyo shaqaalaha Ciidanka Maraykanka iyo (tan iyo 1947) Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanka. ===Milatari=== [[File:Aerial view of the Pentagon, Arlington, VA (38285035892).jpg|thumb|Pentagon -ka oo ah xarunta ugu weyn Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Mareykanka oo ku taal degmada Arlington ee gobolka Virginia, waa mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha xafiisyada ugu weyn adduunka oo leh in ka badan 6. 5 milyan cagood oo laba jibbaaran (600,000 m 2 ) oo dhul bannaan ah]] Pentagon -ka oo ah xarunta ugu weyn Wasaaradda Difaaca ee Mareykanka oo ku taal degmada Arlington ee gobolka Virginia, waa mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha xafiisyada ugu weyn adduunka oo leh in ka badan 6. 5 milyan cagood oo laba jibbaaran (600,000 m 2 ) oo dhul bannaan ah. Madaxweynaha ayaa ah taliyaha guud ee ciidamada qalabka sida ee Mareykanka, waxaana uu magacaabayaa hogaamiyayaasheeda, xoghayaha difaaca iyo taliyayaasha isku dhafka ciidamada. Waaxda Difaaca, oo xarunteedu tahay Pentagon-ka oo u dhow Washington, DC, ayaa maamusha shan ka mid ah lixda laamood ee adeegga, kuwaas oo ka kooban Ciidanka Maraykanka, Marine Corps, Badda, Ciidanka Cirka iyo Hawada Sare. Ilaalada Xeebaha waxaa maamusha Waaxda Amniga Gudaha wakhtiga nabada waxaana loo wareejin karaa Waaxda Ciidanka Badda wakhtiga dagaalka. Maraykanku waxa uu ku kharash gareeyay 997 bilyan oo dollar ciidankiisa 2024, taas oo ilaa hadda ah tirada ugu badan ee waddan kasta, taas oo ka dhigan 37% kharashaadka milatariga adduunka oo dhan 3. 4% GDP-ga dalka. Maraykanku waxa uu haystaa 42% hubka nukliyeerka adduunka - kaydka labaad ee ugu weyn ka dib Ruushka. The U. S. military is widely regarded as the most powerful and advanced in the world. Maraykanka waxa uu haystaa ciidamada sadexaad ee ugu weyn isku dhafka ciidamada aduunka, waxaana ka dambeeya ciidamada xoreynta shacabka Shiinaha iyo ciidamada qalabka sida ee Hindiya. Milatariga Maraykanku waxa uu ka shaqeeyaa ilaa 800 saldhig iyo tas-hiilaad dibadda ah, waxana uu ilaaliyaa in ka badan 100 shaqaale hawl-wadeen ah oo ku sugan dalalka 25 ee ajnabiga ah. Maraykanku wuxuu ku hawlanaa in ka badan 400 faragelin milatari tan iyo markii la aasaasay 1776, iyada oo in ka badan kala badh kuwan ay dhaceen intii u dhaxaysay 1950 iyo 2019 iyo 25% oo dhacay xilligii Dagaalkii Qabow ee ka dambeeyay. Ciidamada Difaaca Dawlad-goboleedka (SDFs) waa unugyo ciidan oo ku shaqeeya awoodda keliya ee dawlad-goboleedka. SDF-yada waxaa ogol sharciga gobolka iyo federaalka laakiin waxay hoos yimaadaan amarka gudoomiyaha gobolka. Taa beddelkeeda, cutubyada Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedku waxay hoos yimaadaan laba qaybood oo kala ah dawladaha gobolka iyo federaalka; Unugyada noocaan ah waxay sidoo kale noqon karaan hay'ado federaal ah, laakiin SDF-yada lama federaalayn karo. Shaqaalaha Ilaalada Qaranka ee dawlad-goboleedka waxaa federaalayn kara madaxweynaha iyada oo la raacayo Xeerka Difaaca Qaranka Waxka bedelka 1933, kaas oo abuuray Ilaalada oo bixisa isku dhafka Ciidanka Qaranka iyo Unugyada Ilaalada Hawada Qaranka iyo shaqaalaha Ciidanka Maraykanka iyo (tan iyo 1947) Ciidanka Cirka ee Maraykanka. ===Dhaqangelinta sharciga iyo cadaaladda dembiyada=== Waxaa jira ilaa 18,000 oo hay'ado booliis Mareykan ah oo ka socda heer deegaan ilaa heer qaran qaran Mareykanka. maskaxda Mareykanka waxaa inta badan dhaqan geliya waaxyaha booliska ee deegaanka iyo waxa shariifyada ee degmadooda ama maamulkooda. Waaxyaha booliiska gobolku waxay awood ku leeyihiin gobolkooda, hay'adaha xafiisyada sida Xafiiska Baarista pdf (FBI) iyo Adeegga Marshals-ka Mareykanka waxay leeyihiin awood heer qaran ah iyo baahiyo gaar ah, sida ilaalinta madaniga ah, amniga qaranka, xukunnada maxkamadaha Maxkamadaha Mareykanka iyo xayiraadaha, iyo fal-dembiyeedka gobolka. Maxkamadaha gobolku waxay qabatoobeen ku dhawaaddhammaan maxkamadaha madaniga iyo dembiyada, halka maxkamadaha feederaalku ay xukumaan tirada tirada u yar ee maxaabiista iyo dembiyada ee la xidhiidha xadhig. Ma jiru "nidaamka kulanka dembiyada" midaysan ee Maraykanka. Nidaamka Qabyada waa mid aad u kala duwan, oo leh kumanaan nidaamyo madax bannaan oo ka shaqeeya guud ahaan heer federaal, gobol, degaan, iyo qabiil. 2025, "nidaamyadani waxay hayaan ku dhawaad ​​2 milyan oo qof oo ku jira 1,566 qabsiyada gobolka, 98 qabyada maxaabiista, 3,116 qabyada filimka ah, 1,277 shaqada asluubta dhalinyarada, 133, 133, iyo 80 qabyada dalka Hindiya, iyo 80 qabsashada dalka Hindiya, iyo 80 qabsashada dalka Hindiya, iyo 80 qabsashada dalka Hindiya, iyo sidoo kale xabsiyada militariga, isbitaalada dhimirka Mareykanka. " In kasta oo ay jiraan nidaamyo kala duwan oo xarig ah, afar hay'adood oo waaweyn ayaa ka taliya: qabyada, qabyada gobolka, qabyada dhufeys, iyo ciidamada asluubta dhalinyarada Xabsiyada, waxaa maamula Xafiiska pdf ee Xabsiyada, waxaana sidoo kale lagu helay dambiyada maxkamada. Xabsiyada gobolka, oo ay u suurtagelinayaan in sixitaanka ee gobol kasta, ayaa lagu qabtaa dadka lagu shaabadeeyey iyo sharraxaadda (inta badan in ka badan hal sano) dambiyada culus. Xabsiyada Gaadiidka ahi waa degmada ama degmada ee xidha eedaysanayaasha ka hor maxkamadaynta; sidoo kale qabatinka kuwa ku jira jumlado gaagaaban (sida caadiga ah hal sano ka yar). Xarumaha sixitaanka ee dhallaanka waxaa maamula hoosaadka hoose ama dawlad-goboleedka u burburay meelayn sare ah mid kasta oo ka mid ah maxaabiista dembi-darro oo uu amray garsooruhu in la xidho. Bishii Janaayo 2023, Marey wuxuu lahaa heerka fasalka ee ugu sarreeya heerka fasalka qofkiiba diilinta - 531 qof 100,000 qofba - iyo xaqiiqda ugu weyn iyadoo, in ka badan 1. 9 milyan oo qof lagu xiray. Falanqaynta Xogta Dhimashada ee Ururka Caafimaadka Adduunka ee laga soo bilaabo 2010 ayaa heerka heerka Maraykanka "waxa 7 jeer ka hora muuqalka kale ee sarregoodu sarreeyo, oo ay u horseeday heerka dilka qoriga kaas oo 25 jeer ka sarreeya". ==Dhaqaalaha== [[File:US one dollar bill, obverse, series 2009.jpg|thumb|Doolarka Maraykanka waa [[lacagta]]. loogu isticmaalka badan yahay wax kala iibsiga caalamiga ah iyo lacagta kaydka ah ee ugu horraysa. ]] Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay dhaqaale isku dhafan oo aad u horumarsan kaas oo magac ahaan ahaa kan adduunka ugu weyn ilaa 1890kii. Wax-soo-saarka guud ee gudaha 2024 (GDP) in ka badan $29 trillion wuxuu ka kooban yahay 25% wax soo saarka dhaqaalaha caalamiga ah, ama 15% ee sinnaanta awoodda wax iibsiga (PPP). Laga soo bilaabo 1983 ilaa 2008, kobaca GDP ee dhabta ah ee Maraykanku wuxuu ahaa 3. 3%, marka la barbar dhigo celceliska miisaanka 2. 3% inta ka hartay G7. Waddanku wuxuu ku jiraa kaalinta koowaad ee adduunka GDP magac ahaan, labaad marka lagu hagaajiyo sinnaanta awoodda wax iibsiga (PPP), iyo sagaalaad by PPP-ku hagaajin GDP per capita. Bishii Febraayo 2024, wadarta guud ee deynta dawladda dhexe ee Mareykanka waxay ahayd $34. 4 tiriliyan. [[File:The New York City Skyline at Dusk.jpg|thumb|Magaalada New York waa xarunta dhaqaalaha ugu weyn aduunka, aaggeeda magaalo weyna waa dhaqaalaha aduunka ugu weyn. ]] 500-ka-soo-saarka ee sawirada calaamadaha, 136 waxay xaruntoodu ahayd Maraykanka 2023, taas oo ah tirada ugu badan ee waddan kasta. Doolarka Maraykanka waa lacagta ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo wax kala iibsiga caalamiga ah iyo lacagta kaydka ah ee aduunka ugu horeeya, oo ay taageerto dhaqaalaha ugu badan ee dalka, ciidankeeda, nidaamka petrodollarka, suuqa khasnadaha Maraykanka ee wayn, iyo isku xidhka eurodollar. Dhowr waddan ayaa u isticmaala sidii lacagtooda rasmiga ah, kuwa kalena waa lacagta dhabta ah. Maraykanku waxa uu heshiisyo ganacsi oo xor ah la leeyahay dhawr waddan, oo ay ku jiraan USMCA. In kasta oo Maraykanku uu gaadhey heerkii warshadaha ka dambeeyey ee horumarinta dhaqaalaha oo inta badan lagu tilmaamo in uu leeyahay dhaqaale adeeg, haddana waxa uu ahaanayaa awoodda warshadaha ee weyn; sanadka 2021, waaxda wax soo saarka ee Maraykanku waxa ay ahayd tan labaad ee ugu wayn aduunka kadib Shiinaha. Magaalada New York waa xarunta,ee ugu weyn aduunka, iyo aageedda magaaladu waa dhaqaalaha aduunka ugu weyn. New York Stock Exchange iyo Nasdaq, Ciyaar waxay ku yaalliin magaalada New York, waa labada is-ingaagga adeegga adduunka ugu weyn iyo la ciyaaray suuq-geynta suuqa iyo mugga ganacsiga. Booska safka hore kaga jiraa horumarinta tignoolajiyada iyo hal-abuurnimada dhinacyo badan oo dhaqaale, gaar ahaan sirdoonka macmal; qalab elektarooniga ah iyo ko calaamadada; dawooyinka; iyo qalabka caafimaadka, hawada iyo ciidamada. Dhaqaalaha dalka waxa lagu shubaa kheyraad dhaqdhaqaaq ah oo aad u badan, kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha oo horumarsan iyo wax soo saar sare. Wada -hawlgalayaasha ganacsi ee ugu weyn Mareykanka waa Midowga Yurub, Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, United Kingdom, Vietnam, India, iyo Taiwan. Booska waa soo xamuul iyo dhoofinta labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka. Ilaa hadda waa dhoofinta ugu weyn adduunka ee shaqada. Dadka waxa ay leeyihiin celceliska qoyska ugu sarreeya iyo dakhliga xubnaha ee qaybaha ka ah OECD, iyo dakhliga dhexe ee afraad ee ugu sarreeya ee 2023, ilaa caafimaadka ee ugu sarreeya 2013. Suuqa ganacsiga. Mareykanka ayaa muujinaya ka galay tirada bilaha ah ee dollarka ah iyo milyaneerrada 2023, oo leh 735 bilayseer iyo ku dhawaad ​​​​22 milyaneer. Hantida Maraykanka ayaa ah mid aad u urursan; Sanadkii 2011, dadka ugu qanisan 10% dadka qaangaarka ah waxay leeyihiin 72% hantida qoyska ee dalka, halka 50% ugu qanisan ay leeyihiin kaliya 2%. Sinnaan la'aanta Mary ayaa aad u habboon tan iyo dabayaaqadii 1980-meeyadii, iyo sinnaan la'aanta dakhliga Mareykanka ayaa gaadhay heerkii ugu sarreeyay 2019. Sannadkii 2024, waddanku waxa uu lahaa qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu sarreeya waxsoosaarka iyo sinnaan la'aanta kaydka OECD. Tan iyo 1970-meeyadii, waxaa jiray kala goynta faa'iidooyinka ilaalinta US ee wax soo saarka beeraha. Xididka 2016, shanaad ee ugu sarreeya ee dadka qaata guriga qaadashada in ka badan kala badh dhammaan dakhliga, xidhiidhinta US mid ka mid ah lacagta ugu badan ee loo qaybiyo qaybaha OECD. Waxaa jiray ilaa 771,480 qof oo guri la'aan ah gudaha Mareykanka sanadkii 2024. Sanadkii 2022, 6. 4 milyan oo caruur ah ayaa la kulmay haqab-beel cunto. Quudinta Ameerika waxay ku qiyaastay in shantiiba mid, ama ku dhawaad ​​13 milyan, carruurtu ay gaajo la kulmaan gudaha U.S. Sidoo kale sanadka 2022, ilaa 37. 9 milyan oo qof, ama 11. 5% dadweynaha Mareykanka, ayaa ku noolaa faqri. Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay gobolka daryeelka ee ka yar waxana uu u qaybiyaa dakhli ka yar ficilka dawlada marka loo eego inta badan wadamada kale ee dakhligoodu sarreeyo. Waa dhaqaalaha kaliya ee horumaray ee aan dammaanad qaadin shaqaalaheedu inay qaataan fasax qaran ahaan iyo mid ka mid ah dhawr waddan oo adduunka ah oo aan lahayn fasax qoys oo federaal ah sidi xuquuq sharci ah. Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay boqolkiiba boqol ka badan ee shaqaalaha dakhligoodu yar yahay, marka loo eego ku dhawaad ​​waddan kasta oo horumaray, sababta oo ah nidaamka gorgortanka wadajirka ah ee daciifka ah iyo la'aanta taageerada dawladda ee shaqaalaha khatarta ku jira. ===Sayniska iyo farsamada=== Maraykanku waxa uu hormuud u ahaa hal-abuurnimada tignoolajiyada ilaa dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad iyo cilmi-baadhisyo saynis ilaa badhtamihii qarnigii 20-aad. Hababka loo soo saaro qaybo la isweydaarsan karo iyo samaynta warshadaynta qalabka mishiinada ayaa awood u siisay wax soo saarka baaxadda wayn ee alaabta macaamiisha Maraykanka dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad. Horraantii qarnigii 20aad, koronto-siinta warshadda, soo bandhigida khadka isku xirka, iyo farsamooyinka kale ee badbaadinta shaqada ayaa abuuray nidaamka wax soo saarka ballaaran [[File:Aerial view of Silicon Valley.jpg|thumb|Dooxada Silicon Valley ee California waa tan ugu weyn uguna horraysa tignoolajiyada iyo xarunta hal-abuurka ee adduunka. ]] Qarnigii 21-aad, waxa uu sii ahaanayaa mid ka mid ah awoodaha iibinta ee ugu filimka, in kasta oo Shiinaha uu u soo baxay tartan weyn oo dhinacyo badan leh. waxa uu leeyahay casho cilmi-, iyo heerarka sare ee waddan kasta inta ku jira kaalinta sagaalaad ee GDP. Xiddiga 2022, xiddiga 2021, Maktabadda wuxuu galay kaalinta labaad (sidoo kale Shiinaha ka dib) tirada tix patent-ka, iyo calaamadaha suuqyada iyo iibinta isticmaalka (ka dib Shiinaha iyo Jarmalka), sida laga soo xigtay Tilmaamayaasha Hantida Aqoonta Adduunka. 2023 iyo 2024, waxa galay kaalinta ugu sareysa (ka dib Switzerland iyo Sweden) ee Tusaha Hal-abuurka Caalamiga ah. Maraykanka ayaa lagu tiriyaa inuu yahay dalka hormuudka ka ah fiigaan tignoolajiyada macmal. calanka 2023, waxa uu galay kaalinta labaad ee tign. ===Duulimaadka hawada sare=== [[File:A Man on the Moon, AS11-40-5903 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Astronauts Buzz Aldrin iyo Neil Armstrong (oo lagu arkay muuqaal muuqaal ah) intii lagu jiray howlgalkii 1969 Apollo 11, markii ugu horreysay ee uu soo degay Dayax. Mareykanka ayaa ah dalka kaliya ee bini’aadamka dul dhigay dayaxa. ]] Maraykanku waxa uu sii waday barnaamijka hawada sare ilaa dabayaaqadii 1950-meeyadii, laga bilaabo aasaaskii National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) ee 1958. waxay ahaanaysaa mid ka mid ah marxaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee wakaalada. Dadaalka kale ee waaweyn ee NASA waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijka Space Shuttle (1981-2011), barnaamijka Voyager (1972-present), telescopes-ka Hubble iyo James Webb (oo la bilaabay 1990 iyo 2021, siday u kala horreeyaan), iyo Fursad, Xiisaha, iyo adkaysiga ). NASA waa mid ka mid ah shan hay'adood oo iska kaashanaya Saldhigga Hawada Caalamiga ah (ISS); Wax ku biirinta US ee ISS waxaa ka mid ah dhowr qaybood, oo ay ku jiraan Destiny (2001), Harmony (2007), iyo Tranquility (2010), iyo sidoo kale taageerada saadka iyo hawlgalka ee socota. Qaybta gaarka ah ee Maraykanka ayaa xukuma warshadaha duulimaadka hawada sare ee ganacsiga caalamiga ah. Qandaraaslayaasha duulista hawada sare ee caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah Blue Origin, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, iyo SpaceX. Barnaamijyada NASA sida Barnaamijka Shaqaalaha Ganacsiga, Adeegyada Soo-celinta Ganacsiga, Adeegyada Mushaarka Dayaxa ee Ganacsiga, iyo NextSTEP waxay fududeeyeen ka qaybgalka qaybaha gaarka ah ee duulimaadka hawada sare ee Maraykanka. ===Tamarta=== xurmada 2023, waxa uu ka helay ku dhawaad ​​​​84% tamartiisa hore fosil, isha ugu weyn ee tamartuna waxa ay ahayd batroolka (38%), waxa ku xigay gaasta dabiiciga ah (36%), ilaha la cusboonaysiin karo (9%), dhuxusha (9%), iyo tamarta nukliyeerka (9%). Sannadkii 2022, Maraykanku waxa uu ka kooban yahay 4% dadka adduunka, laakiin waxa ay isticmaaleen ku dhawaad ​​16% tamarta adduunka. Maraykanku waxa uu ku jiraa kaalinta labaad ee ugu sarraysa ee sii daaya gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ee Shiinaha ka dambeeya. Maraykanku waa soosaaraha ugu weyn adduunka ee tamarta nukliyeerka, isaga oo soo saara ku dhawaad ​​30% tamarta nukliyeerka adduunka. Waxa kale oo ay leedahay tirada ugu badan ee tamarta nukliyeerka ee waddan kasta. Laga bilaabo 2024, Maraykanku wuxuu qorsheynayaa inuu saddex jibaaro awooddiisa nukliyeerka marka la gaaro 2050. ===Gaadiidka=== [[File:45intoI-10 2.jpg|thumb|Isweydaarsiga u dhexeeya Interstate 10 iyo Interstate 45 gudaha Houston, Texas]] 4 milyan oo mayl (6. 4 milyan oo kiiloomitir) isku xidhka xidhidh, oo ay wada leeyihiin dhawaad ​​ku dhawaad ​​dhaammaan dowlad dawladeed iyo dawladaha hoose, waa tan ugu dheer adduunka. Nidaamka Waddooyinka Gobolka ee diid ee isku xira dhammaan waxa kale oo ay muujinayaan inta badan xaddidan laakiin waxaa socda waaxyaha safarka ee gobolka, oo lagu kabo waddooyinka gobolka iyo qaar ka mid ah wadooyinka gaarka loo leeyahay. fasalka waxa uu ka mid yahay tobanka waddan ugu sarreeya ee leh lahaanshaha ugu sarreeya qofkiiba (850 baabuur 1,000 qof) sanadka 2022. shaqada la sameeyay 2022 ayaa lagu ogaaday in 76% ciqaabka Mareykanka ay keligood wadaan halka 14% ayan wataan baaskiil, oo ay ku jiraan milkiilayaasha baaskiillada oo ay isticmaalaan shabakadaha wadaaga baaskiilka. Qiyaastii 11% waxay isticmaaleen nooca ka mid ah safarka. Gaadiidka ee Maraykanka ayaa si wanaagsan u horumaray baabuurta ugu waaweyn, gaar ahaan New York City, Washington, DC, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, iyo San Francisco; Haddi kale, guul guud ahaan wuu ka yar yahay inta badan boos kale ee horumaray. qolka waxa kale oo uu leeyahay meelo badan oo baabuurta ku tiirsan. Safarka masaafo dheer ee dhexmara waxaa bixiya shirkado diyaaradeed, laakiin ku safrida tareenada ayaa aad ugu badan dhanka Waqooyi Bari Corridor, eka kaliya ee dheesha dheereeya ee Maraykankaee ekaa awooda ah. Amtrak, oo ah shirkad qaran oo ay gaaban maalgeliso tareenada, ayaa leh shabakad aad u yar marka loo eego waddammada Galbeedka Yurub. Adeeggu waxa uu ku urursan yahay Waqooyi-bari, California, Midwest, Pacific Northwest, iyo Virginia/Koonfur-bari. [[File:Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, oo u adeegaya aagga magaalada Atlanta, waa madaarka adduunka ugu mashquulka badan ee taraafikada rakaabka oo leh in ka badan 75 milyan oo rakaab ah illaa 2021]] Maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay shabakad gaadiid diyaaradeed oo ballaadhan. Duulimaadyada rayidka ee Mareykanka dhamaantood waa kuwo si gaar ah loo leeyahay. Saddexda shirkadood ee ugu waaweyn caalamka, marka la isu geeyo tirada rakaabka, waxay ku salaysan yihiin Maraykanka; American Airlines ayaa noqotay hogaamiyaha caalamiga ah ka dib markii ay ku biirtay 2013 ee US Airways 50 ka garoon diyaaradeed ee ugu mashquulka badan aduunka, 16 ka mid ah waxay ku yaalaan Maraykanka, sidoo kale 5 ka mid ah 10ka diyaaradood ee ugu sareeya Sannadkii 2022, inta badan 19,969 garoon diyaaradeed oo Maraykan ah waxaa lahaan jiray oo maamulayay maamullada dawladda hoose, waxaana sidoo kale jira garoomo diyaaradeed oo gaar loo leeyahay. Qaar ka mid ah 5,193 ayaa loo qoondeeyay inay yihiin "isticmaalka dadweynaha", oo ay ku jiraan duulista guud. Maamulka Amniga Gaadiidka (TSA) ayaa ilaa 2001 ilaa 2001 sugay ammaanka inta badan garoomada diyaaradaha. Shabakadda safarka tareenada ee dalka, oo ah tan ugu dheer indhaha,oo dhan 182,412. 3 mi (293,564. 2 km), waxay gacanta ku haysaa inta badan filimka (marka la barbar dhigo tareennada beertaka badan ee Yurub. Marin-biyoodyada gudcurka waa kuwa shanaad ee ilaalinta ugu dheer, oo dhan 41,009 km (25,482 mi). Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalo dagaalka, madadaalada, iyo xaddi yar oo taraafikada ah. 50 ka dekedood ee ugu mashquulka badan ee konteenarada, afar ka mid ah waxay ku yaalaan Maraykanka, iyadoo ta ugu mashquulka Maraykanka ay tahay Dekedda Los Angeles. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka ayaa soo sheegay 331,449,281 deganeyaal ah Abriil 1, 2020, taasoo ka dhigaysa Mareykanka waddanka saddexaad ee ugu dadka badan adduunka, ka dib Shiinaha iyo Hindiya. Qiyaasta dadweynaha ee Xafiiska Tirakoobka ee 2024 ee rasmiga ah waxay ahayd 340,110,988, koror 2. 6% ah tan iyo tirakoobkii 2020. Marka loo eego Saacadda Dadweynaha Mareykanka ee Xafiiska, Luulyo 1, 2024, dadka Mareykanka waxay heleen faa'iido saafi ah oo hal qof ah 16kii ilbiriqsi kasta, ama qiyaastii 5400 qof maalintii. Sannadkii 2023, 51% dadka Maraykanka ah ee da'doodu tahay 15 iyo wixii ka weyn ayaa guursaday, 6% ayaa laga dhintay, 10% waa la furay, 34% weligood may guursan. Sannadkii 2023, wadarta heerka bacriminta ee Maraykanku wuxuu istaagay 1. 6 carruur ah haweeneydiiba, iyo, 23%, waxay lahayd heerka ugu sarreeya adduunka ee carruurta ku nool guryaha waalid kelidii ah sannadka 2019. ===Lacag=== Qaab dhismeedka bulsheed ee Maraykanku wuxuu leeyahay kala duwanaansho weyn. Tani waxay la macno tahay in dadka Maraykanka qaarkood ay aad uga qanisan yihiin kuwa kale. Celcelis ahaan ( dhexdhexaadka ) dakhliga soo gala Maraykan wuxuu ahaa $37,000 sanadkii 2002. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, 1% dadka ugu qanisan Maraykanka ayaa haysta lacag la mid ah tan ugu saboolsan 90%. 51% dhammaan qoysaska waxay heli karaan kombuyuutar, 41% waxay heleen internetka sannadkii 2000, tiradaas oo kor u kacday 75% 2004. Sidoo kale, 67. 9% qoysaska Maraykanka ah ayaa leh guryahooda 2002. Waxaa jira 200 milyan oo baabuur gudaha Maraykanka, laba ka mid ah saddexdii Maraykan ah. Deynta ayaa kor u dhaaftay $21,000,000,000,000. ===Luuqad=== Ingiriisi ( Ingiriisi Maraykan ah ) waa luqadda dhabta ah ee qaranka. In kasta oo aysan jirin luqad rasmi ah oo heer federaal ah, sharciyada qaar (sida shuruudaha jinsiyadda Mareykanka ) waxay jaangooyaan Ingiriisiga. Sannadkii 2010, qiyaastii 230 milyan, ama 80% dadweynaha da'doodu tahay shan sano iyo ka weyn, waxay ku hadleen Ingiriis oo keliya guriga. Isbaanishka, oo ay ku hadlaan 12% dadka guriga jooga, waa luqadda labaad ee ugu caansan iyo luqadda labaad ee loogu badan yahay. Qaar ka mid ah dadka Maraykanka ah ayaa u ololeeya in Ingiriisiga laga dhigo luqadda rasmiga ah ee waddanka, maadaama ay tahay ugu yaraan siddeed iyo labaatan gobol. Hawaiian iyo Ingiriisi labaduba waa luqadaha rasmiga ah ee Hawaii marka loo eego sharciga gobolka. Inkastoo midkoodna uusan lahayn luqad rasmi ah, New Mexico waxay leedahay sharciyo siinaya isticmaalka Ingiriisi iyo Isbaanish labadaba, sida Louisiana u sameyso Ingiriisi iyo Faransiis. Gobollada kale, sida California, waxay amar ku bixiyaan daabacaadda noocyada Isbaanishka ee dukumentiyada dowladda qaarkood oo ay ku jiraan foomamka maxkamadda. Xukuno badan oo leh dad badan oo aan Ingiriisiga ku hadlin ayaa soo saara agabka dawladda, gaar ahaan macluumaadka codbixinta, oo ku qoran luqadaha inta badan lagaga hadlo xukunnadaas. Dhowr dhulal aan qarsooneyn ayaa siinaya aqoonsi rasmi ah afkooda hooyo, oo ay la socoto Ingiriisi: Samoan iyo Chamorro waxaa aqoonsaday American Samoa iyo Guam, siday u kala horreeyaan; Carolinian iyo Chamorro waxaa aqoonsaday Jasiiradaha Waqooyiga Mariana; Isbaanishku waa luqadda rasmiga ah ee Puerto Rico waxaana looga hadlaa Ingiriis si ka ballaaran. Afaf badan oo Maraykan ah oo ku hadla afka Maraykanka ayaa halis ku jira. ===Waxbarashada=== Inta badan gobolada, carruurta waxaa looga baahan yahay inay dhigtaan dugsiga laga bilaabo da'da lix ama toddoba (guud ahaan, kindergarten ama fasalka koowaad) ilaa ay ka gaaraan siddeed iyo toban jir (guud ahaan iyaga oo keenaya fasalka laba iyo tobnaad, dhammaadka dugsiga sare); gobolada qaarkood waxay u ogolaadaan ardayda inay dugsiga ka baxaan markay gaaraan lix iyo toban ama todoba iyo toban. Qiyaastii 12% carruurta ayaa ka diiwaangashan dugsiyada gaarka loo leeyahay ama kuwa aan diiniga ahayn. In ka badan 2% carruurta ayaa guriga wax lagu baro. ==Dhaqanka== Dhaqanka caanka ah ee Maraykanku wuxuu u baxaa meelo badan oo adduunka ah. [ 119 ] Waxay saameyn weyn ku leedahay meelaha badankooda, gaar ahaan dunida Galbeedka. Muusigga Ameerikaanku waa meel walba, filimada Maraykanka iyo bandhigyada telefishinka ayaa laga arki karaa waddamada intooda badan. ===Calan=== [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|thumb|Calanka Mareykanka ]] Calanka Mareykanka ayaa ka kooban 50 xiddigood oo midab buluug ah leh, waxaana uu leeyahay 13 xariijimo ah, toddobo casaan ah iyo lix caddaan ah. Waa mid ka mid ah calaamadaha badan ee Maraykanka sida Gorgorka Bidaarta leh. 50-ka xiddigood waxay u taagan yihiin 50-ka gobol. Casaanku wuxuu u taagan yahay geesinnimo, buluugguna wuxuu u taagan yahay caddaalad, caddaankuna wuxuu u taagan yahay nabadda iyo nadaafadda. 13-ka xariijimo waxay ka dhigan yihiin 13kii deegaan ee asalka ahaa. ===Cunto=== Hamburgerku waa mid ka mid ah cuntooyinka caanka ah ee Maraykanka. Cuntada degdega ah ee Maraykanka waxay hoy u tahay cuntooyin badan oo gobolleed sida Cuisine ee Koonfurta Maraykanka, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno cuntada koonfurta. Waxaa jira noocyo Ameerikaan ah oo Shiinees ah, Giriig, Jabbaan, Talyaani iyo Cunto Meksiko ah. Cunnada Asaliga ah ee Ameerika waa cunnada dadka asaliga ah ee Ameerikaanka ah. Cuntooyin badan oo Maraykan ah ayaa waxaa saameeya dalal badan oo adduunka ah. Cunnada Maraykanku waxay leedahay saamayn Maraykan, Ingiriis, Faransiis, Jarmal, iyo Isbaanish. Cunnada naftu waa cunto dhaqameed koonfurta Ameerikaanka ah. ===Muusiga=== Mareykanka ugu Caansan waa rock iyo roll, pop, kountry, R&B, iyo hip hop. Muusiga Asaliga ah waa muusiga wadaniga ah ee Maraykanka. Fanaaniinta Maraykanka ee noqday jilayaasha ah waxaa ka mid ah Whitney Houston, Michael Jackson, iyo Madonna. [[File:Wilson opening day 1916.jpg|thumb|Ciyaaraha baseball ee Mareykanka, mararka qaarkood madaxwaynuhu wuxuu tuuraa kubbadda ugu horreysa. ]] Dhaladka Ameerikaanku waxay ciyaari jireen lacrosse ka hor intaysan [[Yurub]]. imaanin Baseball waa ciyaaraha dalka Mareykanka, kubbada cagta Mareykankana waa ciyaarta ugu badan. [[Kubadda Koleyga]]. ayaa sidoo kale aad looga jecel yahay [[dal]] Mareykanka, oo uu horyaal leeyahay horyaal u gaar ah oo lagu soo qaadanayo [[NBA]]. ===Ciyaaraha fiidiyowga=== Warshadaha [[ciyaaraha fiidyaha]]. ee cagaha waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn waddan kasta. Waa suuqa labaad ee ugu weyn ee ciyaaraha kadib Shiinaha. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah ciyaaraha fiidyaha ee ugu weyn waxay ku salaysan yihiin USA, sida Take-Two Interactive, Farshaxanka Elektarooniga ah, Activision Blizzard, iyo Xbox Game Studios. ==Xog kooban== Wadanka Mareykanka wuxuu leeyahay magaalooyin waaweyn waxaana kamid ah magaalooyonkaas New York, Chicago, iyo Los Angels. <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities</ref> Caasimada wadanka waa Washington. Mareykanka waa wadan aad uweyn waan wadanka sadaxaad ee ugu weyn caalamka. Madaxweynaha Mareykanka waa Donald Trump. ==Jawiga== Cimiladda iyo Jawigga waa ku Ameerikiga sidda waqqiyagga Amerrka ee Biritish North Amerika: Earth Quakes, Fire, Ice, Snow iyo Tsunami "Florida" waalan. Maadaama oo wadanka weyn yahay, wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay jawi aad u kala duwan. Dhinaca woqooyiga mareykanka waxoo leeyahy xiliyo isbedel ah oo hawo qaboow iyo baraf oo kadhaco, Koonfurta wadanka waa kuleel oo qorax joogta ah. wadanka maraykanku waxa uu leeyahay jawiyo kalagadisan. taas macnaheedu waxa weeyaaan hadaad ka tagto gobol cimiladiisu kulushahay waxa laga yaabaa inaad gasho mid ku jirra qabaw. ==Daadka la deggan USA== * {{Flag|Kanada}} 135,000++ * {{Flag|United Kingdom}}:135,000+ * {{Flag|Spain}}:350,000++ * {{Flag|Masar}}:135,000+ * {{Flag|Qadar}}:12,00++ * {{Flag|Hindiya}}; PR Hnds 1,600,000 * {{Flag|United Arab Emirates}}:10,000+ ==Beeraha iyo xayawaanaadka== Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay geedo iyo beero kala duwan oo 17000 ka badan oo wadanka mareykanka u gaar ah. Wadanka mareykanka waxoo leeyahay meelo badan oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. Meesha ugu horeysay aduunka oo Xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo waxee eheed [[Xanaanada Xayawaanaadka|Yellowstone]], waxaa la sameeyay 1872dii, markaas kadib wadanka mareykanka waxaa laga sameeyay 57 meel oo xayawaanaadka lagu xanaaneeyo. ==Diinta== Maraykanka waxa ku nool dad ka kooban diimo badan. Inta badan dadku waa [[Masiixiyad]], laakiin dadka [[Yuhuuda]], [[Islaamka]], iyo diinta [[Hindusam]] aaminsanaansho ayaa iyaguna qayb ka ah dadweynaha. ==Xubinka tahay== *[[IMF]] *[[NATO]] *[[Bankiga Aduunka]] *[[Midowga Yurub]] *[[Kooxda Labaatanka]] *[[Qaramada Midoobay]] ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Faransiiska]] * [[Turkiga]] * [[Boqortooyada Midowday]] * [[Ustareliya]] <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/4/14/how-india-will-overtake-china-to-become-the-most-populous-country</Ref> == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} == Cadaymo == *[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/01/us/politics/trump-order-english-official-language.html "Trump Calaamadaha Amarka si loogu Magacaabo Ingiriisiga Luuqadda Rasmiga ah ee Maraykanka"] *[https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-wet-your-state-water-area-each-state "Aagga Biyaha ee Gobol kasta"] *[https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/04/2020-census-data-release.html "Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka ayaa Maanta Bixiya Wadarta Dadweynaha Gobolka ee Saami Qaybsiga Koongareeska"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=YgVnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA344 <nowiki>Qaabaynta Waqooyiga Ameerika: Laga soo bilaabo Sahaminta ilaa Kacaanka Ameerika [3 mujallado]</nowiki>] *[https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there "Isbeddelka Cimilada ayaa ka dhigi doona qaybo ka mid ah Maraykanka kuwo aan la degi karin. Maraykanka ayaa weli u guuraya halkaas"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm "Cutubka 6: Barnaamijyada Federaalka ee lagu Horumarinayo Isticmaalka Khayraadka, Soo saarista, iyo Horumarinta"] *[https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf "Isbeddelada Isticmaalka Dhulka ee Ku lug leh Kaymaha ee Maraykanka: 1952 ilaa 1997, Iyadoo Saadaasha 2050"] *[https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(15)01030-X/fulltext "Heerka Dhimashada Rabshadaha: Maraykanka marka la barbar dhigo Wadamada kale ee dakhligoodu sarreeyo ee OECD, 2010"] *[https://www.bea.gov/news/2023/gross-domestic-product-fourth-quarter-and-year-2022-third-estimate-gdp-industry-and "Wax soo saarka gudaha, rubuci afaraad iyo sanadka 2022 (qiyaasta saddexaad), GDP by warshadaha, iyo faa'iidooyinka shirkadaha"] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=dRfOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA556 Muusigga Nolosha Mareykanka: Encyclopedia ee Heesaha, Qaababka, Xiddigaha, iyo Sheekooyinka qaabeeyay] *[[iarchive:blackreconstruct00duborich|Dib-u-dhiska Madow: Qormo ku wajahan taariikhda qaybta ay dadka madowga ahi ka ciyaareen isku daygii dib-u-dhiska dimuqraadiyadda Ameerika, 1860-1880]] *[https://www.espn.com/soccer/major-league-soccer/story/4082408/mls-year-one25-seasons-ago-the-wild-west-of-trainingtravelhockey-shootouts-and-american-soccer "MLS Year One, 25 xilli ka hor: Duur-galbeedka ee tababarka, safarka, toogashada xeegada iyo kubbadda cagta Mareykanka"] *[https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/ "Xaqiiqooyinka tamarta Maraykanka ayaa lagu sharaxay - isticmaalka iyo wax soo saarka - Maamulka Macluumaadka Tamarta ee US (EIA)"] *[https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?params=/context/tlr/article/2107/&path_info=11_33TulsaLJ1_1997_1998_.pdf "Casharrada laga soo qaatay Boqortooyada Saddexaad: Maxkamadaha Qabaa'ilka Hindiya"] *[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm "Dokumentiga Muhiimka ah ee Guud ee Guddiga Qaramada Midoobay ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha"] *[https://www.quora.com/Are-the-Rockefellers-still-rich-today Are The Rockefellers Still Rich Today] *[https://www.investopedia.com/updates/history-rothschild-family/ History Rothschild Family] *[https://www.newsweek.com/rothschild-family-companies-net-worth-1993369 Rothschild Family Companies Net Worth] {{Dalalka Woqooyiga Ameerika}} e38eu35225rar9ay35cz7mq25jba01o 0 34142 305188 222829 2026-08-14T12:11:01Z Comendador Sombra 46943 /* */ 305188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Robert Moffat.jpg|250px|thumb|]] [[Robert Moffat]] (21 Diseembar 1795 - 9 Agoosto 1883) wuxuu ahaa adeege Iskotish u diray [[Afrika]], aabbihii Mary Moffat Livingstone iyo soddogga David Livingstone, iyo turjubaankii ugu horreeyay ee [[Kitaabka quduska|Kitaabka Quduuska]] ah [[Tswana]]<ref>Qoraalka Kitaabka Quduuska ah lama kharribin. Qarniyadii la soo dhaafay niman baa naftooda halis geliyay siday Kitaabka ugu turjumaan luqadaha ay dadka ku hadlaan. Afartan nin baa Kitaabka qoray. Qoridda Kitaabka waxay qaadatay qiyaas leʼeg 1,610 sanadood oo bilaabatay sanadkii 1513 C.H. ilaa sanadkii 98 C.D. Sagaal iyo soddonka buug ee u horreeya badnaantooda af Cibraani baa lagu qoray qaar ka mid ahna afka Aramaygga. Buugaggan waxaa loo yaqaanna Qaybta Cibraaniga ama “Axdigii Hore.” Toddoba iyo labaatanka buug ee u dambeeya waxaa lagu qoray af Giriigga. Kuwan waxaa loo yaqaanna Qaybta Giriigga ama “Axdiga Cusub.”</ref><ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/Ku-Raaxayso-Nolosha-Weligeed-ah-Hordhaca-Casharrada-Kitaabka/ Koorsada kitaabka bilaashka ah]</ref>. [[category:Diin]] == Tixraac == * [https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/1992641 African Bible Translations] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/books/A-Book-For-All-People/A-Book-That-Speaks-Living-Languages/ A Book That “Speaks” Living Languages] * [https://www.jw.org/en/library/magazines/g20010508/On-Safari-in-Ghana/ On Safari in Ghana] <references /> bsuubwime1f4fs63lyai5vo2nh5x25n 0 34385 305296 274974 2026-08-15T11:26:22Z ~2026-44773-82 46971 305296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waddanamaha Kubedka Naga''' [[File:World Map FIFA2.svg|thumbnail|right|500px|FIFA ]][[File:Italia_Team_(Women_World_Cup_France_2019).jpg|thumb|right|500px|]] [[File:England_Women's_World_Cup_2019.jpg|thumb|right|500px|]] [[File:Nadeshiko.jpg|thumb|right|500px|]] [[File:이영주_2020.jpg|thumb|right|400px|{{Flag|South Korea}}]] [[File:El_Hadj_Hassan_Gouled_Aptidon_Stadium.jpg|thumb|right|500px|{{Flag|Djibouti}} kubedka naga djibouti ]] [[File:2021-06-15_Fussball,_Frauen,_Länderspiel,_Deutschland_-_Chile_1DX_4875_by_Stepro.jpg|thumb|right|500px|]] [[File:Spain_womens_national_team_20181113.jpg|thumb|right|500px|]] [[FIFA]] en: FIFA Womens football {{columns-list|colwidth=20em| * [[Waddanka Australia Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka France Naga Kubedka‎]] * [[Waddanka Spain Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Urdun Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Argentina Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Chinese Taipei Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Italy Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Hinidya Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka England Naga Kubedka‎]] * [[Waddanka USA Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Serbia Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Chile Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Algeria Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Sweden Naga Kubedka‎]] * [[Waddanka Malawi kubedka Naga]] * [[Waddanka somaliland kubedka naga]] * [[Waddanka Canada Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka China Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Brazil Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka South Korea Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Djibouti Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Norway Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Turkey Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Iran Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Nigeria Naga Kubedka‎]] * [[Waddanka Kenya Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Somalia Naga Kubedka‎]] * [[Waddanka japan Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Masar Naga Kubedka‎]] * [[Waddanka Germany Naga Kubedka]] * [[Waddanka Senegal Naga Kubedka]] }} ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[FIFA]] rkdnigan0thb6ovg64mbjdeur4rrqxg 0 37278 305252 295812 2026-08-14T21:11:38Z Razaabbass111 46963 305252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Stick War: Legacy | developer = [[Max Games]] | publisher = Max Games | series = ''Stick War'' | platforms = [[Android]], [[iOS]], [[Microsoft Windows]] | released = January 31, 2016 | genre = [[Real-time strategy]] | modes = Single-player }} '''Stick War: Legacy''' is a [[real-time strategy]] game developed and published by [[Max Games]]. It is a remake of the browser game ''Stick War'' and is set in the fictional world of Inamorta. The game was released for mobile devices in 2016 and later became available on additional platforms. The player controls the nation of Order, which is surrounded by nations that specialize in different forms of warfare. Gameplay combines resource management, unit production, tactical combat, and direct control of individual soldiers. == Gameplay == ''Stick War: Legacy'' is a real-time strategy game in which players construct an army while managing a limited supply of resources. Gold is primarily obtained by assigning miners to collect it. The collected gold can then be used to produce military units and purchase upgrades. Battles take place on a two-dimensional battlefield. Players can issue commands to groups of units or directly control individual soldiers. The principal objective in most campaign battles is to destroy the enemy's statue while protecting the player's own statue. The game features several different types of military units. Each unit has a distinct role and requires different amounts of resources to produce. === Units === The principal unit types include: * '''Swordwrath''' – melee infantry equipped with swords. * '''Speartons''' – heavily equipped melee infantry that use spears. * '''Archidons''' – ranged units that attack with bows. * '''Magikill''' – magical units capable of powerful ranged and area attacks. * '''Giants''' – large units with high health and significant offensive strength. Players must balance their use of miners and military units. Producing too many military units can restrict the player's economy, while concentrating on mining can leave the player's statue vulnerable to enemy attacks. == Setting == The game takes place in the fictional world of '''Inamorta'''. The nations of Inamorta have developed distinct cultures and military systems centered around different weapons and technologies. The player represents '''Order''', a nation whose philosophy emphasizes peace and knowledge. Unlike neighboring nations, Order does not worship weapons. Conflict with surrounding nations eventually forces Order to use military force in order to survive and expand. Each opposing nation represents a different style of warfare. As the campaign progresses, the player encounters armies using swords, spears, bows, magic, and other forms of combat. == Game modes == In addition to the main campaign, ''Stick War: Legacy'' contains several additional game modes. === Campaign === The '''Campaign''' is the principal story mode. Players guide Order through a series of battles against the other nations of Inamorta. Campaign stages progressively introduce stronger enemies and require players to use different combinations of military units. The campaign also contains additional bonus levels beyond the primary sequence of battles. === Missions === '''Missions''' provide additional challenges separate from the main campaign. Individual missions can introduce special objectives, enemy configurations, or gameplay conditions. === Tournament === The '''Tournament''' mode, also known as the '''Crown of Inamorta''', consists of a series of battles against computer-controlled opponents. Players attempt to progress through the tournament and ultimately obtain the Crown of Inamorta. Tournament battles can use different rules and conditions from standard campaign battles. === Endless Deads === '''Endless Deads''' is a survival mode in which the player's forces fight successive waves of undead enemies. The objective is to survive as many waves as possible while protecting the player's statue. Between battles, players can improve their forces and defenses. The game ends when the player's statue is destroyed. == Skins == ''Stick War: Legacy'' includes a customization system based around unit skins. Skins change the appearance of units and can provide different effects depending on the skin. The game has introduced several themed skins, including Leaf, Ice, Savage, Lava, Undead, and Voltaic variants. The skin system was added as part of the game's progression and customization features and is separate from the basic unit classes. == Progression == The game includes several progression systems that allow players to improve their armies and unlock additional content. Players can earn and spend in-game currencies to obtain upgrades, skins, and other items. The game also includes premium currency and optional in-app purchases. == Development == ''Stick War: Legacy'' was developed as a mobile remake of the original ''Stick War'', a browser-based strategy game. The remake retained the original game's central mechanics while adapting its controls and presentation for touchscreen devices. The game was released on January 31, 2016, for mobile platforms. Following its release, the game received updates that introduced additional game modes, unit customization, skins, missions, and other gameplay features. == Release == ''Stick War: Legacy'' was initially released for [[iOS]] and [[Android]]. It was subsequently made available on additional platforms, including [[Microsoft Windows]]. The game is distributed through official digital storefronts. The mobile versions are free to download and include optional in-app purchases. == Reception == The game has accumulated a large number of downloads and user reviews on mobile application stores. Its Google Play listing has reported more than 100 million downloads and a user rating of approximately 4.8 out of 5. == Series == ''Stick War: Legacy'' is part of the ''Stick War'' franchise. It follows the original browser game ''Stick War'' and is followed by other games in the series, including ''Stick War: Saga''. The games share the fictional setting of Inamorta and use similar strategic gameplay centered around resource collection, unit production, and combat. == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * [https://www.stickwar.com/ Official Stick War website] * [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.maxgames.stickwarlegacy ''Stick War: Legacy'' on Google Play] * [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/stick-war-legacy/id1001780528 ''Stick War: Legacy'' on the App Store] [[Category:2016 video games]] [[Category:Android (operating system) games]] [[Category:IOS games]] [[Category:Real-time strategy video games]] [[Category:Strategy video games]] [[Category:Video games developed in the United States]] [[Category:Stick War]] ==Tixraac== [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.maxgames.stickwarlegacy&hl=en Google play store] gbc1d7sfcfq72e7ei9kd0tm2x4t88sx 0 40531 305218 265355 2026-08-14T18:30:56Z Zafer 10671 Photo changed 305218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Turkish footballer (born 1989)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} {{Infobox football biography | name = Mert Günok | image = Mert Günok 34 Fenerbahçe 20260805 (6) (cropped).JPG | upright = 1.1 | caption = Günok with [[Fenerbahce SK|Fenerbahçe]] in 2026 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1989|3|1}} | birth_place = [[Karabük]], Turkey | full_name = Fehmi Mert Günok | height = 1.96 m<ref name="IBFK 2020-21 Profile">{{cite news|title=Mert Günok|url=https://ibfk.com.tr/a-takim/mert-gunok|publisher=[[İstanbul Başakşehir F.K.]]|access-date=13 December 2020|language=Tr|archive-url=https://archive.today/20201213220310/https://ibfk.com.tr/a-takim/mert-gunok|archive-date=13 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> | position = [[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = [[Beşiktaş JK|Besiktas J.K]] | clubnumber = 34 | youthyears1 = 2000–2001 | youthclubs1 = [[Kocaelispor]] | youthyears2 = 2001–2009 | youthclubs2 = [[Fenerbahce SK|Fenerbahçe]] | years1 = 2008–2015 | clubs1 = [[Fenerbahce SK|Fenerbahçe]] | caps1 = 25 <!--LEAGUE APPS ONLY --> | goals1 = 0 <!--LEAGUE GOALS ONLY --> | years2 = 2015–2017 | clubs2 = [[Bursaspor]] | caps2 = 20 | goals2 = 0 | years3 = 2017–2021 | clubs3 = [[İstanbul Başakşehir F.K.|İstanbul Başakşehir]] | caps3 = 88 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2021– | clubs4 = [[Beşiktaş JK|Besiktas J.K]] | caps4 = 57 | goals4 = 0 | nationalyears1 = 2004–2005 | nationalteam1 = Turkey U16 | nationalcaps1 = 11 | nationalgoals1 = 0 | nationalyears2 = 2005–2006 | nationalteam2 = [[Turkey national under-17 football team|Turkey U17]] | nationalcaps2 = 5 | nationalgoals2 = 0 | nationalyears3 = 2006–2007 | nationalteam3 = Turkey U18 | nationalcaps3 = 4 | nationalgoals3 = 0 | nationalyears4 = 2007–2008 | nationalteam4 = [[Turkey national under-19 football team|Turkey U19]] | nationalcaps4 = 10 | nationalgoals4 = 0 | nationalyears5 = 2008 | nationalteam5 = [[Turkey national under-20 football team|Turkey U20]] | nationalcaps5 = 1 | nationalgoals5 = 0 | nationalyears6 = 2009 | nationalteam6 = [[Turkey national under-21 football team|Turkey U21]] | nationalcaps6 = 3 | nationalgoals6 = 0 | nationalyears7 = 2011–2012 | nationalteam7 = [[Turkey national football B team|Turkey B]] | nationalcaps7 = 2 | nationalgoals7 = 0 | nationalyears8 = 2012– | nationalteam8 = [[Turkey national football team|Turkey]] | nationalcaps8 = 33 | nationalgoals8 = 0 | club-update = 12 May 2024 (UTC) | nationalteam-update = 6 July 2024 (UTC) }} '''Fehmi Mert Günok''' (dhashay 1 Maarso 1989) waa cayaaryahan u dhashay wadanka [[Turkiga]]. Waana gool-hayaha kooxda [[Beşiktaş JK|Besiktas J.K]] ee ka dhisan magaalada [[Istanbuul]] ee dalka [[Turkiga]] iyo xulka qaranka dalka Turkiga. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} o9owqhb5wsifdrlkwnmi59mpaqfcytw 0 42865 305274 305086 2026-08-15T02:32:33Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football official |image=24BBRW - 53535940590 (cropped1).jpg |name=Cumar Cartan |caption=Cartan oo ka qayb galaya [[2023 Koobka Qaramada Afrika|Koobka Qaramada Afrika 2023]] |birth_date={{Birth date and age|1992|6|6|df=yes}} |birth_place=[[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya |league1=[[Heerka Koowaad ee Soomaali]] |role1=Garsoore |years1=2018– |internationalrole1=Garsoore |internationalyears1=2018– |confederation1=Liiska FIFA }} '''Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan''' dhashay 6 Juun 1992) waa garsoore [[Kubadda Cagta|kubadda cagta]] Soomaaliyeed. Cartan wuxuu ahaa garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee ka yimid Soomaaliya ee madax ka noqda final qaaradeed, isagoo kormeeray guushii kooxda [[Masar]] ee Pyramids FC ee 2024–25-ka Horyaalka CAF ee Kooxaha Horyaallada ee ay kaga adkaatay kooxda Koonfur Afrika ee [[Mamelodi Sundowns FC|Mamelodi Sundowns]] ee [[Qaahira]]. Wuxuu sidoo kale garsoor ka noqday Koobka Qaramada Afrika (AFCON). Wuxuu ahaa wakiilka kaliya ee ka yimid Afrikada Saxaraha Ka Hoosaysa ee garsoor ka noqday Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA U-20 ee 2025.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Omar Artan makes history as first Somali referee to officiate FIFA World Cup |url=https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=TRT Global |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-23 |title=Somalia's Abdulkadir Artan selected to officiate FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025 |url=https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ |access-date=2025-09-06 |language=it}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kariuki |first=Erick |date=2025-07-24 |title=FIFA picks Somali referee and Kenyan assistant for U-20 World Cup duty |url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=The Eastleigh Voice News |language=en}}</ref> Maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliya iyo warbaahinta ayaa ku tilmaamay guulaha Artan inay yihiin isha ay ku faanaan iyo dhiirigelin u ah horumarinta ciyaaraha dalka.<ref name=":4" /> Wuxuu ahaa garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaali ah ee loo doorto tartan [[Koobka Adduunka|Koobka Adduunka FIFA]], kaas oo ka mid ahaa saddex garsoore oo dhexe oo laga soo xulay [[CAF|Afrika]]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Cartan looma oggolaanin inuu galo [[Maraykanka]] waxaana laga saaray tartanka, taasoo dhalisay muran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/08/sport/somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us|title=A World Cup referee was denied entry to US|last1=Feldscher|first1=Kyle|last2=Alvarez|first2=Priscilla|last3=Madowo|first3=Larry|date=9 June 2026|website=CNN}}</ref> Dhakhso kadib, waxaa loo doortay inuu noqdo garsooraha Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026, kaasoo dhacay bishii Agoosto ka dib finalkii Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026. ==Xirfadda garsoorka== Cartan waa garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan horyaalka heerka koowaad ee Soomaaliya , wuxuuna xubin ka yahay FIFA sidoo kale liiska garsoorayaasha. Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay Muqdisho 1992-kii, waxa uu noqday garsoore FIFA ku dartay sannadkii 2018 Waxa uu taariikhda galay January 2024-kii isagoo noqday Soomaaligii ugu horreeyey ee garsoore ka noqda Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo kormeeray ciyaartii Group E ee Tunisia iyo Namibia. Waxa uu sidoo kale maamulay kulamadii caanka ahaa ee CAF Champions League iyo 2026 FIFA. Cartan waxa uu qayb ka ahaa sagaal xubnood oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kooban saddex garsoore iyo lix caawiye garsoore oo la soo xulay Si kastaba ha ahaatee, guusha Cartan ayaa aastay taariikhda kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya oo aad u liidatay soddonkii sano ee la soo dhaafay iyadoo uu goobjoog ka ahaa garsoore ka socday Soomaaliya oo matalayay Soomaaliya oo keliya ma aha ee sidoo kale qaaradda Afrika. Garoomada kubbadda cagta Soomaaliya waxaa soo wajahay caqabado badan oo ay ugu wacan tahay xasillooni darro iyo colaado dhowr iyo toban sano dalka ragaadiyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaaladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celin lahaa nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado dib u soo nooleynta kubada cagta. FIFA ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaartay dib u soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaal Soomaaliyeed iyo ciyaartoy da’yar. Tababarka ayaa hakad galay sanado badan xaalada dalka oo aan deganayn awgeed. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarka amniga, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeeda tababarka. Cumar Cartan waxa uu ku guulaystay in uu buuxiyo dulduleelo waaweyn oo ka faa'iidaystay tababarradaas iyo barnaamijyadaas. ==Nolosha gaarka ah== Cartan waa garsoore caalami ah oo Soomaaliyeed oo ay aqoonsan yihiin xiriirka kubbadda cagta Afrika (CAF) iyo FIFA Cartan waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada Muqdisho horaantii sagaashamaadkii, Cartan waxa uu xirfadiisa garsoornimo ka bilaabay horyaalada maxaliga ah ee Soomaaliya ka hor inta aan lagu darin liiska garsoorayaasha caalamiga ah ee FIFA 2018. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay waxa uu ka mid noqday masuuliyiinta ugu caansan ciyaaraha Soomaaliya, isagoo dalkiisa u matalay dhawr tartan oo waaweyn oo isugu jira qaaradaha iyo caalamka. Cartan ayaa soo dhex-dhaxaadiyay tartamo kala duwan oo CAF ah oo uu ka mid yahay koobkii qaramada Afrika ee AFCON, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horeeyay ee Soomaali ah oo heerkan loo magacaabo. Waxa kale oo loo doortay hawlo sharaf leh sida ciyaaraha CAF Champions League iyo FIFA U-20 World Cup Xirfadiisa ciyaareed waxaa loo arkaa horumar u horseeday garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed marxaladaha caalamka, maadaama uu si joogto ah u muujiyay xirfad, adkeysi, iyo karti ciyaaraha heersare ah. Guusha Cartan ayaa ahayd mid si weyn looga xusay dalka iyo caalamkaba, iyadoo maamulka ciyaaraha Soomaaliyeed iyo warbaahinta ay ku tilmaameen waxqabadkiisa mid lagu faani karo, isla markaana dhiirigelin u ah horumarka Isboortiga dalka. == Xirfadda garsoorenimada == Artan wuxuu ka bilaabay xirfaddiisa garsoorenimada horyaalada maxalliga ah ee Soomaaliya wuxuuna noqday garsoore rasmi ah oo ka tirsan [[Somali First Division|Horyaalka Heerka Koowaad ee Soomaaliya]]. Wuxuu xubin ka ahaa garsoorayaasha [[FIFA International Referees List|liiska FIFA]] tan iyo 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omar Abdulkadir Artan football referee from Somalia |url=https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan |archive-date=2023-09-29 |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=worldreferee.com}}</ref> Artan wuxuu taariikh dhigay Janaayo 2024 isagoo ahaa Soomaaligii ugu horreeyay ee garsoora Koobka Qaramada Afrika, isagoo madax ka ahaa ciyaartii Group E ee dhexmartay Tunisia iyo Namibia. Wuxuu sidoo kale maamulay kulamo heer sare ah oo ka tirsan [[CAF Champions League]] iyo [[2026 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)|shaandheynta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026]].<ref name=":0" /> Artan wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah koox sagaal xubnood ah oo ka timid Afrika oo ay ku jiraan saddex garsoore iyo lix garsoore caawiye ah oo la doortay.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title=Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubadda cagta adduunka? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> Muuqaalka kubadda cagta Soomaaliya wuxuu la kulmay caqabado badan oo ka dhashay xasillooni darro iyo khilaaf dalka ka daashaday tobanaan sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dadaalladii ugu dambeeyay ee lagu soo celinayo nabadda iyo amniga ayaa abuuray fursado loogu talagalay soo noolaynta kubadda cagta. [[FIFA]] waxay door muhiim ah ka qaadatay soo noolayntan iyadoo tababar siisay garsoorayaasha Soomaaliyeed iyo cayaartooyda da'da yar. Tababarka ayaa la joojiyay sannado badan sababtoo ah xaaladda aan degganayn ee dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ammaanku soo hagaagay, FIFA waxay dib u bilowday barnaamijyadeedii tababarka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Somali referee Omar Abdulkadir Artan makes history at Africa Cup of Nations |url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=www.hiiraan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Markii loo magacaabay Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA bishii Abriil 2026, madaxweyne [[Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud]] wuxuu bogaadiyay Artan "dadaalkiisii, xirfaddiisa, iyo daacadnimadiisa."<ref name="landing">{{Cite web |date=2026-06-10 |title=Cumar Cartan oo baaqa u diray dhalinyarada Soomaaliyeed iyo waxa xiga ee u qorsheysan |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cz9lx318geno |access-date=2026-06-10 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so}}</ref> === Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026 === Bishii Abriil 2026, Artan waxaa loo doortay inuu garsoore ka noqdo Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026.<ref name="usatoday"/> June 6, wuxuu ka duulay [[Istanbul]], Turkiga, ilaa [[Miami]] dhammaadka usbuuca si uu uga qaybgalo siminaar qasab ah oo loogu talagalay saraakiisha ciyaaraha FIFA ka hor Koobka Adduunka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fish |first=Hal |title='One of the best' FIFA Referees Has Now Been Turned Away on Arrival in the US for the World Cup | url=https://www.givemesport.com/fifa-referee-somali-omar-artan-denied-entry-us-2026-world-cup/ |publisher=GiveMeSport |date=8 June 2026 }}</ref> Wuxuu helay fiisayaasha gelitaanka Maraykanka ee 3-bilood ah oo badan wuxuuna helay baasaboor diblomaasiyadeed oo ay fududaysay Safaaradda Soomaaliya ee [[Nairobi]],<ref name="peter">{{cite web |last1=Peter |first1=Mike |last2=Ali |first2=Abdinasir |title=World Cup 2026: Somali referee Omar Artan to miss tournament after being barred from entering US |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cnv9drg0qzgo |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC |access-date=9 June 2026 |date=8 June 2026}}</ref> laakiin markuu yimid [[Garoonka Diyaaradaha Caalamiga ah ee Miami]], Waaxda Canshuuraha iyo Xadka Maraykanka (CBP) ayaa u diidday inuu soo galo,<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/08/sport/somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us |title= World Cup referee denied entry to US |publisher=CNN |date=10 June 2026|last1=Feldscher|first1=Kyle|last2=Alvarez|first2=Priscilla|last3=Madowo|first3=Larry|access-date=11 June 2026 }}</ref> iyaga oo si toos ah u saaray diyaarad dib ugu celinaysa Istanbul.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20260608-somali-referee-denied-entry-to-us-for-world-cup-official |title=Somali referee denied entry to US for World Cup: official |website=France 24 |date=8 June 2026 |accessdate=8 June 2026}}</ref> CBP waxay sheegtay in Artan la helay inuusan ogolayn kaddib markii la baaray sabab la xiriirta "welwel xagga baaritaanka ah" sidaas darteedna loo diidday inuu soo galo Maraykanka.<ref name="usatoday">{{Cite web |last=Vertelney |first=Seth |title=Somali referee Omar Artan will miss World Cup after being denied entry to USA |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/worldcup/2026/06/08/somalia-referee-omar-artan-denied-entry-usa/90459881007/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=USA TODAY |language=en-US}}</ref> Illo qaar ayaa eedeyay habraacyada baarista ee adag iyo xayiraadaha socdaalka ee adag ee uu hirgeliyay maamulka Trump.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-06-08 |title=Top African referee Omar Artan refused access to US before World Cup |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/08/top-african-referee-omar-artan-refused-access-to-the-united-states |access-date=2026-06-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Artan dambe wuxuu sheegay in loo geystay waraysi socdaal oo 11-saacadood ah ka hor intaan la diidin gelitaankiisa. Wuxuu sheegay in saraakiisha Maraykanku aysan bixin sharraxaad cad oo ku saabsan go'aanka, in kasta oo uu haystay dukumentiyada safarka ee looga baahnaa, wuxuuna soo jeediyay in dhalashadiisa Soomaaliga ay noqon karto arrin qayb ka ahayd. Isagoo ku tilmaamay Koobka Adduunka "riyadii ugu weynayd nolosheyda," wuxuu muujiyay niyad-jabka ah inuusan awoodin inuu ka qaybqaato tartanka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mpoke Bigg |first=Matthew |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/09/world/africa/somali-referee-world-cup-us-entry-omar-artan.html |title=Somali Referee Says His World Cup Dream Is Dashed After U.S. Denies Entry |publisher=The New York Times |date=9 June 2026 }}</ref> Ka dib markii uu ku laabtay Soomaaliya, Artan wuxuu sheegay in su'aalaha ay saraakiisha Maraykanku waydiiyeen ay ka mid ahaayeen mowduucyo la xiriira [[Al-Qaacida]] iyo Al-Shabaab.<ref name="landing"/> Sarkaan aan la magacaabin oo Maraykan ah ayaa markii dambe sheegay in "xiriirka la leeyahay xubnaha looga shakisan yahay ururada argagixisada" ee Artan uu ahaa sababta loo diidday gelitaanka.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Crafton |first=Adam |date=2026-06-10 |title=Trump administration claim Somali World Cup referee denied U.S. entry had suspected ‘terror’ ties |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7347860/2026/06/10/world-cup-referee-somalia-usa-trump/ |access-date=2026-06-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Packmohr |first=Pia |date=2026-06-10 |title=Omar Artan: US-Regierung nennt Details zur Abweisung somalischen Schiedsrichters |url=https://www.zeit.de/sport/2026-06/artan-einreise-usa-somalia-schiedsrichter-fifa-gxe |access-date=2026-06-11 |work=Die Zeit |language=de-DE |issn=0044-2070}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Leahy |first=Sean |last2=Cwik |first2=Chris |date=2026-06-10 |title=2026 World Cup: Somali referee Omar Artan returns home as U.S. official reportedly claims suspected links to 'terror organizations' |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/article/2026-world-cup-somali-referee-omar-artan-returns-home-as-us-official-reportedly-claims-suspected-links-to-terror-organizations-151023935.html |access-date=2026-06-11 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Diidmada gelitaanka waxaa cambaareeyay u doodayaasha xuquuqda aadanaha, dhaleeceeyayaasha, iyo shaqsiyaadka siyaasadda Kanada oo ay ku jirto duqa magaalada [[Toronto]] [[Olivia Chow]], oo magaaladeedu ay ahayd wada martigeliyaha ciyaaraha tartanka. Chow waxay dhaleecaysay go'aanka, iyadoo sheegaysa in "u diididda gelitaanka Cumar Cartan, oo booskiisa masraxa adduunka ku kasbaday shaqo adag iyo dulqaad, aysan sax ahayn," isla markaana ay xaqiijisay in lagu soo dhoweyn doono inuu garsooro Toronto.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ofori |first=Morgan |title=The most inclusive World Cup ever? Tell that to Omar Artan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2026/jun/10/the-most-inclusive-world-cup-ever-tell-that-to-omar-artan-the-somali-referee-just-banned-by-trumps-us |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=June 10, 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Ferreira |first=Beatriz |title=Olivia Chow says Somali FIFA referee welcome in Toronto |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/olivia-chow-somali-fifa-referee-toronto/ |work=NOW Toronto |date=June 9, 2026 |access-date=July 8, 2026}}</ref> FIFA waxay xaqiijisay in uusan awoodi doonin inuu ka qaybqaato sarkaan ahaan ciyaaraha tartanka, iyadoo xustay in go'aamada la xiriira gelitaanka iyo fiisaha ay ugu dambeyn ku xiran yihiin dowladda martigelinaysa.<ref name="peter"/> Inkasta oo tartanka ay si wadajir ah u martigeliyeen Maraykanka, Kanada, iyo Mexico, garsoorayaasha waxaa looga baahnaa inay ka qaybqaataan diyaar garowga dhexe ee Maraykanka. Guddoomiyaha guddiga garsoorayaasha FIFA [[Pierluigi Collina]] ayaa ka dhisay xarun tababar oo ku taal Miami 52-ka garsoore iyo 88 garsoore caawiye ah ee tartanka, taasoo ka dhigaysa ka qaybgalka Maraykanka qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah diyaar garowga garsoorka tartanka.<ref>{{cite web |last=Telfer |first=Alastair |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c9d2y76pd57o |title=I have right papers and visa - barred referee Artan |publisher=BBC Sport |date=9 June 2026 }}</ref> Bishii June 10, 2026, Artan wuxuu ku degay Soomaaliya, isagoo helay soo dhoweyn diiran oo kaga timid mas'uuliyiinta iyo shacabka kuwaas oo ku tilmaamay geesi.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Somali World Cup referee denied U.S. entry, hailed as hero at home|url= https://www.gpb.org/news/2026/06/10/somali-world-cup-referee-denied-us-entry-hailed-hero-at-home|website=[[Baahinta Dadweynaha ee Georgia]]|date=10 June 2026|last=Akinwotu|first=Emmanuel|access-date=11 June 2026}}</ref> Hadal kooban oo uu siiyay saxaafadda, Artan wuxuu muujiyay niyad-jabka uu ka qabo Maraykanka wuxuuna ku baaqay in Soomaalidu ay difaacaan magaca dalka, isagoo intaas ku daray inuu rajaynayo inuu joogo Koobka Adduunka ee xiga.<ref name="landing"/> Intaas ka dib, FIFA waxay xaqiijisay in Artan uu heli doono gunnada buuxda ee Koobka Adduunka 2026 inkasta oo uusan awoodin inuu garsooro tartanka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Camba|first=Gael|title=After refused entry into US, Somali referee Omar Artan will be paid full World Cup fee by FIFA|url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/06/14/after-refused-entry-into-us-somali-referee-omar-artan-will-be-paid-full-world-cup-fee-by-f|website=Euronews|date=14 June 2026}}</ref> === Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026 === Bishii June 11, 2026, Artan waxaa dooratay [[UEFA|Ururka Kubadda Cagta Yurub]] (UEFA) inuu garsoore ka noqdo ciyaartii Koobka UEFA Super Cup 2026 ee dhexmartay kooxaha Paris Saint-Germain iyo Aston Villa, taas oo ka dhacday Garoonka Cas ee Red Bull ee [[Salzburg]], Austria bishii August 12, 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2026 |title=Top African referee Omar Artan to officiate 2026 UEFA Super Cup after being unable to participate in FIFA World Cup 2026 |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/02a6-20d7ce07703f-bee983e79921-1000--top-african-referee-omar-artan-to-officiate-2026-uefa-super-/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |website=UEFA|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Abdiaziz |date=11 June 2026 |title=UEFA Appoints Omar Artan to Officiate 2026 Super Cup |work=SNN |url=https://somnn.com/sports/4319/06/11/2026/,%20https://somnn.com/sports/4319/06/11/2026/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Xulashadiisa ayaa timid ka dib wadaxaajood dhexmaray UEFA iyo [[Confederation of African Football|Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Afrika]] (CAF).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kilpatrick |first=Dan |date=11 June 2026 |title=Somali referee barred from World Cup appointed by UEFA to officiate Super Cup |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7351082/2026/06/11/omar-artan-referee-uefa-super-cup-fifa-visa/ |access-date=11 June 2026 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Fisher |first=Ben |date=11 June 2026|title=Somali referee barred from US for World Cup is handed Super Cup final by Uefa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/jun/11/somali-referee-barred-from-world-cup-super-cup-final-uefa-omar-artan |access-date=11 June 2026 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Wuxuu noqday Afrikaankii ugu horreeyay abid ee garsoore ka noqda ciyaar ka tirsan tartanka UEFA.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Barred World Cup referee Omar Artan to officiate UEFA Super Cup final|url= https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49029293/barred-world-cup-referee-omar-artan-officiate-uefa-super-cup-final|website=[[ESPN]]|date=11 June 2026|last=Ogden|first=Mark|access-date=12 June 2026}}</ref> === Horyaalka Wasaaradda Kuwait 2025–26 === Bishii June 21, 2026, iyadoo Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA 2026 uu si xawli ah u socdo, Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Kuwayt ayaa ku casuumay Artan inuu garsooro ciyaartii ugu dambeysay ee xilli ciyaareedkii Horyaalka Wasaaradda Kuwait 2025–26 ee u dhaxeeyay Kuwayt SC iyo [[Qadsia SC]]. [[Xiriirka Soomaaliyeed ee Kubadda Cagta|Xiriirka Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya]] ayaa soo dhaweeyay casuumadaas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khalif |first=Abdirahman |date=21 June 2026 |title=Somali referee Omar Artan to officiate Kuwait Premier League final after World Cup setback |url=https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/sports/370547/somali-referee-omar-artan-to-officiate-kuwait-premier-league-final-after-world-cup-setback |access-date=27 June 2026 |work=The Eastleigh Voice}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} [https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ “Wasiirka Dhalinyarada iyo Ciyaaraha oo marti ku ahaa Garsoore Cumar Cartan, kuna amaanay kor u qaadista sumcadda Isboortiga Soomaaliya] {{Wayback|url=https://halqabsi.com/2025/06/youth-and-sports-minister-hosts-referee-omar-artan-praises-him-for-raising-somalias-sporting-profile/ |date=20251117195538 }} [https://trt.global/afrika-english/article/8050f05d33da "TRT Global - Cumar Cartan ayaa taariikhda galay, isagoo noqday garsoorihii ugu horreeyay ee Soomaaliyeed ee qabta Koobka Adduunka ee FIFA"] [https://cecafaonline.com/somalias-artan-selected-to-officiate-fifa-u-20-world-cup/ "Cabdulqaadir Cartan oo Soomaaliya u dhashay oo loo doortay inuu qabto FIFA U-20 World Cup 2025"] [https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/football/185213/fifa-picks-somali-referee-and-kenyan-assistant-for-u-20-world-cup-duty "FIFA waxay dooratay garsoore Soomaali ah iyo caawiye Kenyan ah oo ka qayb galaya ciyaaraha aduunka ee 20 jirada"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230929113850/https://worldreferee.com/referee/omar_abdulkadir_artan "Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Garsooraha Kubadda Cagta Soomaaliya"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cm2zyjl12ezo "Waa kuma wiilka Soomaaliga ee mar kale taariikhda ka dhigay kubbadda cagta?"] [http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2024/jan/194636/somali_referee_omar_abdulkadir_artan_makes_history_at_africa_cup_of_nations.aspx "Garsoore Cumar Cabdulqaadir Cartan Oo Taariikh Ka Dhigay Koobka Qaramada Afrika"] e8f7od9d0nnyb5y20f0ko3wzt3t0ymi 0 43873 305295 295937 2026-08-15T09:12:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | honorific_prefix = Chief | name = Ògúnwán̄dé Abím̄bọ́lá | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1932|12|24|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Oyo, Oyo|Oyo]], [[British Nigeria]] | occupation = [[Religious leader]], [[Jaamacadda professor]] iyo [[Siyaasi]] | spouse = | relations = | children = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Ibadan]] }} '''Chief Ògúnwán̄dé "Wán̄dé" Abím̄bọ́lá ''' (wuxuu dhashay 24 December 1932) waa aqoonyahan reer Nayjeeriya ah , bare ku takhasusay luuqada iyo suugaanta Yoruba , ahaana gudoomiye ku xigeenkii hore ee jaamacada Ife (hadda Obafemi Awolowo University ). Waxa uu sidoo kale soo noqday Hoggaamiyaha Aqlabiyadda Golaha Guurtida ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Nigeria Chief Abimbola waxa loo rakibay sida Àwísese Awo Àgbàyé 1981 by Ooni of Ife on the conclave of Babalawos of Yorubaland . ==Daraasadaha tacliinta== Abimbola waxa uu shahaadada koowaad ee taariikhda ka qaatay University College, Ibadan , sannadkii 1963 markaas oo kuliyaddaasi ay ku xidhan tahay Jaamacadda London . Waxa uu shahaadada Masterka ee cilmiga luqadaha ka qaatay Jaamacadda Northwestern , Evanston, Illinois , 1966, iyo Doctorate of Philosophy in Yoruba Literature ee Jaamacadda Lagos 1971 Abimbola wuxuu ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee PhD ka qalin-jabiyey Jaamacadda Lagos Wuxuu noqday borofisar buuxa 1976 Abimbola waxa uu wax ka dhigay saddex jaamacadood oo Nigeria ah, kuwaas oo kala ah Jaamacadda Ibadan laga bilaabo 1963 ilaa 1965 , Jaamacadda Lagos 1966 ilaa 1972 , iyo Jaamacadda Ife ee 1972 ilaa 1991 Abimbola waxa uu qoray buugaag ku saabsan Ifá iyo dhaqanka Yoruba. Sannadkii 1977-kii, Gabayga Faalista ee Abimbola ee Ifá waxaa daabacay daabacayaasha NOK. ==Tixraac== [https://punchng.com/i-was-ridiculed-for-returning-home-a-poor-senator-prof-wande-abimbola/ "Waa la igu majaajilooday in aan dalka ku soo laabtay Senator sabool ah -Prof. Wande Abimbola"] [https://wandeabimbola.com/?page_id=37 "Adeegga Dadweynaha - Professor Wándé Abímbólá"] [https://famous-scientist.com/linguists-from-nigeria-famous-people/ "Af-yaqaanno u dhashay Nigeria dad caan ah"] {{Wayback|url=https://famous-scientist.com/linguists-from-nigeria-famous-people/ |date=20250121232906 }} [https://wandeabimbola.com/?page_id=86 "Ku saabsan Wándé Abímbólá - Professor Wándé Abímbólá"] [http://dawncommission.org/prof-wande-abimbola-awise-awo-agbaye/ "Prof. Wande Abimbola, Awise Awo Agbaye – DAWN Commission"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://dawncommission.org/prof-wande-abimbola-awise-awo-agbaye/ "Prof. Wande Abimbola, Awise Awo Agbaye – DAWN Commission"] {{Wayback|url=http://dawncommission.org/prof-wande-abimbola-awise-awo-agbaye/ |date=20240706150831 }} [http://dawncommission.org/prof-wande-abimbola-awise-awo-agbaye/ "Prof. Wande Abimbola, Awise Awo Agbaye – DAWN Commission"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://punchng.com/i-was-ridiculed-for-returning-home-a-poor-senator-prof-wande-abimbola/ "Waa la igu majaajilooday in aan dalka ku soo laabtay Senator sabool ah -Prof. Wande Abimbola"] ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.wandeabimbola.com/ Machadka Ifa ee Abimbola] [http://www.iap-publishers.com/ Iroko Publishers galo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iap-publishers.com/ |date=20060925165016 }} [https://www.infoclusts.com/tag/wande-abimbola/ Ogúnwande Abimbólá] {{Wayback|url=https://www.infoclusts.com/tag/wande-abimbola/ |date=20211026000114 }} 3w0gelqf6jsdv6b5a668h30uwmh7jen 0 47088 305292 302671 2026-08-15T06:57:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Miguel Ángel Brindisi | image = Brindisi argentina.jpg | image_size = | caption = Brindisi oo la jooga xulka qaranka Argentina, 1974 | height = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|10|8|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina | currentclub = | position = [[Attacking midfielder|Khadka dhexe ee weerarka]], [[striker (association football)|weeraryahan]] | years1 = 1967–1976 | caps1 = 320 | goals1 = 155 | clubs1 = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]] | years2 = 1976–1978 | caps2 = 92 | goals2 = 29 | clubs2 = [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] | years3 = 1978–1980 | caps3 = 29 | goals3 = 11 | clubs3 = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]] | years4 = 1981–1982 | caps4 = 78 | goals4 = 27 | clubs4 = [[Boca Juniors]] | years5 = 1983 | caps5 = 19 | goals5 = 3 | clubs5 = [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]] | years6 = 1984 | caps6 = 38 | goals6 = 9 | clubs6 = [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]] | years7 = 1985 | caps7 = | goals7 = 2 | clubs7 = [[CSD Municipal|Municipal]] | totalcaps = 576 | totalgoals = 236 | nationalyears1 = 1969–1974 | nationalcaps1 = 46 | nationalgoals1 = 17 | nationalteam1 = [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] | manageryears1 = 1986 | managerclubs1 = [[Alumni de Villa María]] | manageryears2 = 1987–1988 | managerclubs2 = [[CSD Municipal|Municipal]] | manageryears3 = 1989–1991 | managerclubs3 = [[Barcelona Sporting Club|Barcelona SC]] | manageryears5 = 1991–1992 | managerclubs5 = [[UD Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] | manageryears6 = 1994–1997 | managerclubs6 = [[Guatemala national football team|Guatemala]] | manageryears7 = 1994–1995 | managerclubs7 = [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] | manageryears8 = 1998–1999 | managerclubs8 = [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]] | manageryears9 = 2001–2003 | managerclubs9 = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]] | manageryears10 = 2003 | managerclubs10 = [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]] | manageryears11 = 2003–2004 | managerclubs11 = [[Club Atlético Lanús|Lanús]] | manageryears12 = 2004–2005 | managerclubs12 = [[Boca Juniors]] | manageryears13 = 2005–2007 | managerclubs13 = [[Comunicaciones]] | manageryears14 = 2008 | managerclubs14 = [[F.C. Atlas|Atlas]] | manageryears15 = 2008–2009 | managerclubs15 = [[Chiapas F.C.|Jaguares]] | manageryears16 = 2010–2011 | managerclubs16 = [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]] | manageryears17 = 2013 | managerclubs17 = [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] }} ​'''Miguel Ángel Brindisi de Marco''' (dhashay 8 Oktoobar 1950) waa tababare kubbadda cagta Argentine ah iyo ciyaaryahan hore. Isagoo ahaa [[attacking midfielder|khadka dhexe ee weerarka]], wuxuu u ciyaaray [[Argentina national football team|xulka qaranka Argentina]] tartankii [[1974 FIFA World Cup]]. ​ ==Xirfadda ciyaartoynimo== [[File:Brindisi babington.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Brindisi (bidix) iyo [[Carlos Babington]], ciyaartoydii fure u ahaa Huracán sanadkii 1973]] Wuxuu ku dhashay xaafadda [[Almagro, Buenos Aires|Almagro]] ee [[Buenos Aires]], Brindisi wuxuu inta badan xirfadiisa ku qaatay laba xilli oo uu la joogay [[Club Atlético Huracán]], laakiin wuxuu sidoo kale xilliyo la soo qaatay kooxda Isbaanishka ee [[UD Las Palmas]], kooxda Uruguay ee [[Club Nacional de Football|Nacional]] iyo kooxaha Argentine ee [[Boca Juniors]] iyo [[Racing Club de Avellaneda|Racing Club]] intii ay ku jireen [[Primera B Metropolitana|Heerka Labaad]]. Intii uu joogay Las Palmas wuxuu ka caawiyay inay gaaraan [[1978 Copa del Rey Final]] halkaas oo goolkiisii uu awoodi waayay inuu ka hor tago inay 3–1 kaga badiso [[FC Barcelona]]. ​Brindisi wuxuu qayb ka ahaa laba kooxood oo ku guuleystay [[Primera Division Argentina|horyaalka Argentina]], koobkiisii ugu horreeyay wuxuu ahaa [[1973 Argentine Primera División|1973]] [[Metropolitano championship|Metropolitano]] ee uu la qaaday Club Atlético Huracán. Kooxdaas oo uu maamulayay [[César Menotti]], waxaa si weyn loo aqoonsan yahay inay tahay mid ka mid ah kooxaha Argentine ee ugu fiicnaa abid, iyadoo Brindisi uu ahaa ciyaaryahan muhiim ah oo ay weheliyaan [[René Houseman]], [[Carlos Babington]] iyo [[Omar Larrosa]].<ref>[http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/2008/01/16/C-1003-huracan-73.php Huracán 73] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/2008/01/16/C-1003-huracan-73.php |date=20190201220150 }} on ''El Gráfico'', 2008</ref><ref>[https://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol-hecho-fantasia_0_B1DWWZNe0Yg.html El fútbol hecho fantasía], ''Clarín'', 7 September 2002</ref> ​Ka dib xilli ciyaareedyo uu ku soo qaatay dibadda Argentina, Brindisi waxaa loo wareejiyay Boca Juniors, halkaas oo uu ku guuleystay koobkiisii labaad, [[1981 Argentine Primera División|1981 Metropolitano]]. Isagoo uu tababare u ahaa [[Silvio Marzolini]], Brindisi wuxuu lammaane lama illaawaan ah la noqday [[Diego Maradona]], isagoo sidoo kale goolal badan u dhaliyay kooxda.<ref>[http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/0000/00/00/C-994-boca81.php Boca '81] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/0000/00/00/C-994-boca81.php |date=20190219074959 }} on ''El Gráfico'' web</ref> ​Brindisi wuxuu sidoo kale ahaa gool-dhaliyaha ugu sarreeya ee Argentine Primera ee tartankii [[Metropolitano championship]] ee 1972 isagoo dhaliyay 21 gool. ​Brindisi wuxuu u ciyaaray xulka qaranka Argentina isagoo saftay 46 kulan, dhaliyayna 17 gool.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/arg-recintlp.html rsssf: Argentina record international players] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001102010215/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/arg-recintlp.html |date=2 November 2000 }}</ref> ​ ==Xirfadda tababarenimo== Brindisi wuxuu markiisii ugu horreysay madax-tababare u noqday [[Club Alumni de Villa María]] sanadkii 1986, kooxdiisii xigtay waxay ahayd [[CSD Municipal]] ee Guatemala, taas oo uu u horseeday horyaalka [[Liga Nacional de Guatemala]] sanadihii 1987 iyo 1988. Kooxda xigta ee Brindisi uu la wareegay waxay ahayd [[Barcelona Sporting Club]] ee Ecuador halkaas oo uu kooxda u horseeday horyaalka qaranka sanadihii 1989 iyo 1991 iyo finalka Libertadores Cup sanadkii 1990. Ka dib wuxuu soo maamulay kooxaha [[RCD Espanyol]] iyo [[UD Las Palmas]] ee Spain. Ka dib markii uu Guatemala maamulayay dhowr sano<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/10.html |publisher=[[Prensa Libre (Guatemala)|Prensa Libre]] |title=''Guatemala, 100 años de fútbol — Municipal'' |access-date=10 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209012134/http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/10.html |archive-date=9 December 2006 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> wuxuu noqday tababaraha [[Guatemala national football team|xulka qaranka Guatemala]], kaas oo uu mas'uul ka ahaa intii lagu guda jiray [[1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)|geedi-socodka isreeb-reebka Koobka Adduunka 1994]] iyo markii labaad sanadkii 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/15.html |publisher=[[Prensa Libre (Guatemala)|Prensa Libre]] |title=''Guatemala, 100 años de fútbol — Técnicos en la historia'' |access-date=10 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119225522/http://www.prensalibre.com/especiales/ME/guatefut/15.html |archive-date=19 November 2006 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> Brindisi wuxuu la wareegay [[Club Atlético Independiente]] ee heerka koowaad, wuxuuna ka caawiyay kooxda inay ku guuleysato saddex koob; Clausura 1994, [[Supercopa Sudamericana]] 1994 iyo [[Recopa Sudamericana]] 1995. Brindisi wuxuu markaas xilli maamulayay kooxdiisii hore iyo kooxda ay sida aadka ah u xafiiltamaan Independiente; Racing Club, iyo xilli uu maamulayay Huracán. Brindisi wuxuu la wareegay [[Club Atlético Lanús]] sanadkii 2003, ka dibna wuxuu noqday tababaraha Boca Juniors Luulyo 2004, laakiin wuxuu iscasilay 22 kulan oo kaliya ka dib markii laga adkaaday River Plate. Wuxuu markaas noqday tababaraha [[Comunicaciones]] sanadkii 2005. ​Brindisi wuxuu ahaa madax-tababaraha [[Chiapas F.C.|Chiapas]] ee Mexico waxaana la eryay 5 May 2009. ​Waxaa loo magacaabay tababaraha [[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]] bishii Sebtember 2009<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol/Brindisi-reemplazo-Rivoira-pura-velocidad_0_339566164.html | newspaper=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]] | title=''Brindisi reemplazó a Rivoira a pura velocidad'' | access-date=21 September 2010 | language=es | archive-date=3 Bisha Saddexaad 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303165103/http://www.clarin.com/deportes/futbol/Brindisi-reemplazo-Rivoira-pura-velocidad_0_339566164.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> wuxuuna iscasilay khatar dhab ah oo dhanka heer-ka-dhicista ah darteed xilli ciyaareedyadii 2010/11. ​Bishii Noofambar 2014, waxaa la sheegay inuu ka mid ahaa tababarayaasha codsaday shaqada bannaan ee [[India national football team|xulka qaranka Hindiya]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Top coaches vie for India job|newspaper=The Times of India|page=18}}</ref> ​ ==Sharafta== ===Ciyaaryahan=== '''Huracán''' *[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1973 Argentine Primera División|1973 Metropolitano]] ​'''Las Palmas''' *[[Copa del Rey]] kaalinta labaad: [[1978 Copa del Rey final|1977–78]] ​'''Boca Juniors''' *[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1981 Argentine Primera División|1981 Metropolitano]] ​'''Nacional''' *[[Uruguayan Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1983 Uruguayan Primera División|1983]] ​'''Shaqsiyad''' *[[Argentine Primera División]] gool-dhaliyaha ugu sarreeya: [[1972 Argentine Primera División|1972 Metropolitano]] (21 gool) *[[Footballer of the Year of Argentina]]: 1973 *[[South American Footballer of the Year#Winners|Abaalmarinta Silver-ka ee Ciyaaryahanka Sanadka ee Koonfurta Ameerika]]: 1973<ref>{{Cite web|title=South American Player of the Year 1973|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/sampoy73.html|access-date=2021-12-19|website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> *[[Mundo Deportivo|Kooxda Sanadka ee La Liga]]: 1979<ref>{{cite web |url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1979/06/07/pagina-18/1045776/pdf.html |website=Hemeroteca - El Mundo Deportivo |title=Mundo Deportivo La Liga Team of the Year |access-date=30 October 2024 |archive-date=6 Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006034142/https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1979/06/07/pagina-18/1045776/pdf.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Argentine Football Association|Kooxda AFA ee Abid]] (la daabacay 2015)<ref>{{cite web |title=La Selección de Todos los Tiempos |trans-title=The Team of All Time |publisher=Argentine Football Association |language=es |date=4 January 2016 |url=http://www.afa.com.ar/3023/la-seleccion-de-todos-los-tiempos |access-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814210638/http://www.afa.com.ar/3023/la-seleccion-de-todos-los-tiempos |archive-date=14 August 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ​ ===Tababare=== '''CSD Municipal''' *[[Liga Nacional de Guatemala|Liga Nacional]]: 1987, 1988 ​'''Barcelona S.C.''' *[[Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol]]: 1989, 1991 *[[Copa Libertadores]] kaalinta labaad: [[1990 Copa Libertadores|1990]] ​'''Independiente''' *[[Argentine Primera División|Primera División]]: [[1993–94 Argentine Primera División|1994 Clausura]] *[[Supercopa Sudamericana]]: [[1994 Supercopa Sudamericana|1994]] *[[Recopa Sudamericana]]: [[1995 Recopa Sudamericana|1995]] ​ ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ​ ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|Miguel Brindisi}} ​*{{NFT player|18617}} *{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025157/http://futbolfactory.futbolweb.net/index.php?ff=historicos&f2=00001&idjugador=290 |date=20 October 2007 |title=Futbol Factory profile}} {{in lang|es}} ​{{DEFAULTSORT:Brindisi, Miguel Angel}} 5ke60novxql92zjvnq5qyyi017eqa4i 0 50030 305265 304131 2026-08-15T01:40:37Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|53|21|N|12|35|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bollewick in MBS.svg |state = |district = Mecklenburgische Seenplatte |Amt = Röbel-Müritz |elevation = 86 |area = 26.69 |postal_code = 17207 |area_code = 039931 |licence = MBS, MÜR |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 71 013 |website = {{URL|http://www.amt-roebel-mueritz.de}} |mayor = Bertold Meyer }} '''Bollewick''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Mecklenburgische Seenplatte (district)|Mecklenburgische Seenplatte]], ee [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Jarmalka]]. Waxaa maamula [[Röbel-Müritz (Amt)|xafiiska Röbel-Müritz]] ee magaalada [[Röbel]] / [[Müritz]]. Degmada Bollewick waxaa ku jira tuulooyinka [[:de:Nätebow|Nätebow]], Spitzkuhn iyo ilaa 7 Juun 2009, [[Kambs]]<ref>[https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Namens-Grenz-Aenderung/2009-januar-dezmber.html Gebietsänderungen vom 02. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2009], [[Statistisches Bundesamt]]</ref> iyo Wildkuhl.<ref>[http://www.amt-roebel-mueritz.de/verzeichnis/visitenkarte.php?mandat=109775 Bollewick]</ref> == Taariikhda == [[File:Bollewick 150725015.JPG|300px|left|thumb|[[Bakayolaha]] Bollewick waxaa la dhisay 1881. Waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay bakayolaha dhagaxa iyo lebenka ugu weyn Jarmalka. Waxaa loo badalay hudheel iyo xarun munaasabadeed 1991kii. ]] Magaca Bollewick oo leh qaybihiisa (wareegsan, calool weyn) iyo wick (sugidda Jarmalka wig, wik = meel ama tuulo, oo laga soo amaahday Latin vicus = tuulo) waxay ka dhigan tahay [[Rundling|Runddorf]]. Laga soo bilaabo degsigaggii hore ee aagga waxaa soo haray [[:de:Großsteingräber bei Bollewick|laba xabaalood oo waaweyn]] oo u dhow tuulada. Bollewick waxaa loo dhisay qayb ka mid ah Nedebuh (hadda [[:de:Nätebow|Nätebow]]) qarnigii 13aad iyadoo ay dhistay raga hantiyoole ah ee [[Werle]] Konrad Büne. Xuska ugu horreeya wuxuu ku taariikhaysan yahay Janaayo 21, 1261.<ref name=yelp>{{Cite web |title=Xuska sanadguurada 750 |url=https://www.yelp.ca/biz/portal-bollewick-bollewick |access-date=2026-08-03 |archive-date=2017-08-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831220907/https://www.yelp.ca/biz/portal-bollewick-bollewick |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tuulada ayaa markaas ahayd ilaa 1200 mitir dhanka galbeed ee [[Wackstower See|harada Wackstower]] oo ku dhow wareeg. Goobtii asalka ahayd waa la dayacay malaha sababtoo ah [[heerka biyaha dhulka]] ee sarreeya ee xeebta harada. Horeeya bilowgii [[Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano]], tuulada waxay ahayd cidlo. Bollewick waxaa loo dhisay sidii [[degsigag toosan]] oo dheer laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 18aad goobta hadda taal. Ka dib isbeddelno joogto ah oo lahaanshaha ah iyo dib u dhis tartiib tartiib ah, bulshada waxaa si aad ah loogu dejiyay horraantii 1930-meeyadii. == Goobaha Soo Jiidashada == * [[Bakayolaha]] Bollewick waxaa la dhisay 1881 waana astaan ​​degmada ah. Waa bakayolaha dhagaxa duurjoogta ah ee ugu weyn Jarmalka, oo leh aag 125 m × 34 m ah oo ka hooseeya saqafka. Ilaa 1991 bakayolaha waxaa loo isticmaali jiray beeraha oo tan iyo markaas waa la cusboonaysiiyay oo loo beddelay xarun munaasabadeed oo wadata hudheel iyo safaf dukaamo ah. * [[Gothic architecture|Gothic hore]], [[Rib vault|laab-laabka isdhaafka ah]] kaniisadda lebenka ee Nätebow. Waxay ahayd [[Fortified church|kaniisad tuulo oo la adkeeyay]] qarnigii 14aad laakiin tan iyo markaas waa la dhisay dhowr jeer. Gudaha waxaa lagu qurxiyey meel allabariga oo xardhan laga bilaabo 1522, iyo taallo qadiimi ah oo ilaaliye ah oo ka tirsan qarnigii 17aad. Kaniisaddu waxay u furan tahay dadweynaha iyo cibaadada waqti ka waqti. * Kaniisadda tuulada Gothic ee Kambs waxay soo taariikhaysan tahay qarnigii 13aad. Waxay leedahay saqaf [[Vault (architecture)|qalloocan]] oo dhagax ah. [[nave]] ee munaaradda galbeedka iyo marin-habaabka waxay ka yimaadaan qarnigii 14aad. * Tan iyo 2006 waxaa jira [[maze]] oo ku taal Bollewick.<ref>[http://www.irrgarten-bollewick.de/startseite/geschichte/ Bogga internetka ee Irrgarten oo wata xogta taariikhda; la soo ceshatay 1 Luulyo 2014 ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.irrgarten-bollewick.de/startseite/geschichte/ |date=20140714140434 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714140434/http://www.irrgarten-bollewick.de/startseite/geschichte/ |date=2014-07-14 }} {{in lang|de}}</ref> <gallery> File:Bollewick Scheune 2010-04-20 080.jpg|Bakayolaha ku yaal Bollewick. File:Nätebow Kirche 2010-04-20 082.jpg|Kaniisadda tuulada ee Nätebow. File:Kambs MÜR Kirche 2009-07-16 193.jpg|Gothic [[kaniisad la adkeeyay]] ee Kambs. File:Irrgarten Bollewick.jpg|Maze ku taal Bollewick. </gallery> == Gaadiidka == Bollewick waxay ku taal [[:de:Bundesstraße 198|Bundesstrasse 198]] – waddada ka timaada Röbel / Müritz. Isku xirka jidka weyn ee Röbel ee [[Bundesautobahn 19]] (Berlin–Rostock) waa qiyaastii siddeed kiiloomitir u jirta Bollewick. Saldhigyada tareenada ee ugu dhow waxay ku jiraan [[Malchow]] iyo [[Waren (Müritz)]]. == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Megaliths in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category-inline|Bollewick|''Bollewick''}} {{Authority control}} ezrpqgh3pqq5l52yaffseqekr9dozh7 0 50054 305266 303991 2026-08-15T01:43:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |name = Borgwedel<br><small>Borgvedel</small> |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Borgwedel COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|30|N|9|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Borgwedel in SL.PNG |state = |district = Schleswig-Flensburg |Amt = Haddeby |elevation = 4 |area = 9.96 |postal_code = 24857 |area_code = 04621, 04354 |licence = SL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 59 012 |website = [http://www.borgwedel.de/ www.borgwedel.de] |mayor = Uwe Jensen |party = SPD }} '''Borgwedel''' ({{langx|da|Borgvedel}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Schleswig-Flensburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Jarmalka]]. ==Juqraafiga== Degmada Borgvedel waxay ka kooban tahay tuulooyinka Borgvedel iyo Stegsvig (Stexwig) oo ay la socdaan Borgvedelmark iyo Stegsvigmark iyo sidoo kale meelo gaar ah sida beerta Østerled iwm. Østerlede( Osterlieth).<ref>Gerret Liebing Schlaber: ''Administrative tilhørsforhold mellem Ejderen og Kongeåen indtil 2007'', Flensborg 2007, s. 277</ref> Waxaa jira guryaha xagaaga oo dhowr ah oo ku yaal xagga hoose ee Slien. ==Taariikhda== Magaca deegaanka Borgvedel (Bordel) waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1388 oo ahaa Borchwich . Sanadkii 1575 / 76, magaca waxaa lagu diiwaangeliyay biil ka yimid cutubka maxkamadda ee Schleswig . Magaca deegaanka wuxuu tilmaamayaa marin biyoodka iska leh qalcadda (Old Norse veðill ama vaðill).<ref>Johannes Kok: ''Det danske folkesprog i Sønderjylland'', 2. bind, København 1867, s. 91</ref> Sida ku xusan sharaxaad kale, tusaha ayaa asal ahaan la oran jiray -vig (≈bugt), kaas oo mark dambe noqday -vedel . Macnaha ayaa markaas noqon lahaa gacanka qalcadda.<ref>Wolfgang Laur: ''Historisches Ortsnamenlexikon von Schleswig-Holstein'', 2. oplag, Neumünster 1992, s. 195</ref> Magaca deegaanka Stegsvig waxaa markii ugu horreysay la sheegay 1412 . Qaybta hore waxaa laga soo qaatay stege oo ah usha, boostada, usha, qaybta dambe -vig waxay tilmaamaysaa Gacanka. Qalcado ka yimid xilligii [[Viking|Fiking-yada]] ayaa laga helay Stegsvig . Ka soo hor jeedka magaalada Stegsvig waa gacan-biyoodka u dhigma ee Palør (Palørde), kaas oo hore loogu xoojiyay tuubooyinka (palisades).<ref>Johannes Kok: ''Det danske folkesprog i Sønderjylland'', 2. bind, København 1867, s. 304</ref> Beerta Østerled ama Østerlede waxaa la dhisay 1821 iyada oo ka timid 2 beero oo midoobay waxaana dambeeysay lagu kordhiyay beero dhan oo ka timid Stegsvig. ==Siyaasadda== ===Golaha Degmada=== Wadarta sagaal kursi ayaa la bixiyay intii lagu guda jiray doorashadii deegaanka ee Maajo 14, 2023. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah, ururka Active Borgwieler Wählergemeinschaft wuxuu helay shan kursi halka SPD iyo CDU mid walba ay heleen laba kursi. <ref>[https://www.wahlensh.de/grw/gemeindewahlen_gemeinde_010595915012.html wahlen-sh.de]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Dhaqaalaha== Borgwedel waa bulsho deegaaneed oo diiradda saaraysa degmada Schleswig . Sannadihii 1970-meeyadii, dhowr aagagga guriga usbuuca ah ayaa loo dhisay dadka ka yimid Hamburg. Beeraha ayaa lumiyay muhiimad badan tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay. Dukaamada ugu dhow waxay ku yaalaan Fahrdorf, oo afar kiiloomitir u jirta . Dugsiga hoose ee carruuraha Borgwedel sidoo kale wuxuu ku yaalaa halkaas. Loo-shaqeeyayaasha bulshada dhexdeeda ah waa hoyga dhalinyarada ee ku yaal Schlei iyo laba guri oo howlgab ah . == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category}} * [https://www.borgwedel.de/ Gemeinde Borgwedel] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} q2xc8ne2g5lhej3mbqtf9gptelrpzod 0 50069 305267 304018 2026-08-15T01:45:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Borsigwalde |name_local = |image_photo = Raeusch 15 Street Ensemble.png |image_caption = Taariikhda taariikhiga ah ee ku taal ''Räuschstraße'' |type = Rubuc |City = Berlin |image_coa = Coat of arms de-be Borsigwalde.jpg |coordinates = {{coord|52|34|59|N|13|18|40|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |state = |borough = Reinickendorf |divisions = |elevation = 52 |area = 2.0 |pop_ref = <ref>{{Population Germany|key=11|datref=QUELLE}}</ref> |population = {{Population Germany|key=111211}} |population_as_of = {{Population Germany|key=11|datref=STAND}} |postal_code = 13509<ref>Isha: ''[[ADAC]] StadtAtlas [[Berlin]]-[[Potsdam]]''. {{ISBN|3-8264-1348-2}}</ref> |area_code = |licence = B |year = 1899 |plantext = Goobta Borsigwalde ee degmada Reinickendorf iyo Berlin |image_plan = Berlin Reinickendorf Borsigwalde.svg |website = {{official website|http://www.borsigwalde.org/}} }} '''Borsigwalde''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbɔʁzɪçˌvaldə|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-Borsigwalde.wav}}) waa [[municipality|degmo]] Jarmal ah (''Ortsteil'') oo ku dhex taal [[Boroughs and localities of Berlin|xaafadda]] (''Bezirk'') ee [[Reinickendorf]], [[Berlin]]. Ilaa 2012 waxay ahayd aag (''Ortslage'') qayb ka ah [[Wittenau]].<ref name=a>{{in lang|de}} [https://www.berlin.de/ba-reinickendorf/bvv-online/vo020.asp?VOLFDNR=3069&options=4 Dukumentiyada ku jira www.berlin.de]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Taariikhda== Degmada, oo loogu magac daray injineer [[August Borsig]], ayaa markii ugu horreysay la dejiyay 1899<ref>{{in lang|de}} [[Michael Zaremba]]: ''Reinickendorf im Wandel der Geschichte''. Daabacaad. be.bra verlag, Berlin 1999, {{ISBN|3-930863-63-4}}</ref> iyo, 1 Oktoob 1920, lagu daray Berlin oo wata [[Greater Berlin Act|Sharciga Berlin Weyn]]. Qayb ka mid ah [[Wittenau]] oo ah ''Ortslage'' fudud, Borsigwalde waxay noqotay degmada 11aad ee Reinickendorf (iyo 95aad ee Berlin) 24 Abriil 2012, ka dib go'aan ka soo baxay golaha xaafadaha ee 14 Maarso. Go'aanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqay [[Public journal|wargeyska rasmiga ah]] 18 May 2012.<ref name=a /><ref>{{in lang|de}} [http://www.kulturbuch-verlag.de/Service/amtsblatt-fur-berlin/kostenloser-lese-service Wargeyska Rasmiga ah (''Amtsblatt'') Nr. 20, bogga 771 (oo ay ku jirto khariidada xuduudaha rubuca)]</ref> ==Juqraafiga== Waxaa ku taal waqooyiga Berlin iyo bartamaha Reinickendorf, Borsigwalde waxay xuduud la leedahay degmooyinka [[Tegel]] (galbeed iyo koonfur), [[Reinickendorf]] (koonfur-bari) iyo [[Wittenau]] (waqooyi iyo bari). Ma ahan mid aad uga fog [[Lake Tegel|Harada Tegel]] waxaana dhankeeda waqooyi-bari ku taal [[Rathaus Reinickendorf|xarunta magaalada Reinickendorf]]. ==Gaadiidka== Borsigwalde waxay ka yar tahay 1&nbsp;km [[Berlin-Tegel Airport|Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Berlin-Tegel]] waxaana ku xiran [[Bundesautobahn 111|wadada wayn ee A 111]]. Xuduudda Tegel waxaa ka gudba [[S-Bahn]] khadka [[S25 (Berlin)|S25]], iyo [[Eichborndamm station|saldhigga Eichborndamm]] ayaa u adeega degmada. ==Sawirada== <gallery widths=200> File:Borsigwalde Borsigwalder Weg-002.JPG|Aragtida ''Borsigwalder Weg'' File:Berlin-Borsigwalde Karte.png|Khariidada waddada ee Borsigwalde </gallery> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category|Berlin-Borsigwalde|Borsigwalde}} *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.borsigwalde.org/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee Borsigwalde] *{{in lang|de}} [http://www.borsigwalde.eu/ Sawirada Borsigwalde: shalay iyo maanta] {{Authority control}} s6jjnyk48i5ncvkw5zzzykhkeqfkv0f 0 50084 305268 304033 2026-08-15T01:47:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_photo = Braunlage 04.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Braunlage oo buurta Wurmberg gadaal ka xigto |image_coa = Wappen Braunlage.svg |coordinates = {{coord|51|43|37|N|10|36|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Braunlage in GS.svg |state = |district = Goslar |elevation = 560 |area = 31.65 |postal_code = 38700 |area_code = 05520 |licence = GS, BRL, CLZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 1 53 016 |divisions = 3 degmo |website = {{URL|www.braunlage.org}} |mayor = Wolfgang Langer<ref name=mayor>{{cite web|url=https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156|title=Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen|date=April 2021|publisher=[[Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen]]}}</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = |year = <!-- Year founded (not "year of first recorded mention"), no wikilinking. Give a year, a decade or a century. Places article in "Category: XXXX establishments" --> }} '''Braunlage''' ({{IPA|de|bʁaʊnˈlaːɡə|-|De-Braunlage.ogg}}) waa magaalo iyo [[destination_spa|xarun caafimaad]] oo ku taal gobolka [[Goslar (district)|Goslar]] ee [[Lower Saxony]] ee ku taal [[Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal gudaha [[Harz]] buuraha, koonfurta [[Brocken]] massif, ganacsiga ugu weyn Braunlage waa dalxiiska, gaar ahaan [[skiing|barafka]]. Meelaha u dhow ee barafka waxaa ka mid ah Sonnenberg iyo jiirada [[Wurmberg (Harz)|Wurmberg]]. == Juqraafiga == Braunlage waxay ku taal [[Warme Bode]], oo ah webiga [[Bode (river)|Bode]], oo u dhow xadka [[Elend, Saxony-Anhalt|Elend]] ee gobolka [[Saxony-Anhalt]]. Aagga degmadu waxay ku fidsan tahay cirifka koonfur-bari ee [[Harz National Park]] laga bilaabo joog ah {{convert|550|m|ft|abbr=on}} ilaa {{convert|971|m|ft|abbr=on}} meesha ugu sarreysa ee Wurmberg. Meelaha kale ee ku dhow waxaa ka mid ah [[Achtermannshöhe]] iyo [[Hahnenklee Crags]]. ===Degmooyinka=== Magaaladu<ref>{{cite web |title=Einwohner der Gemeinden und Ortsteile |url=https://www.landkreis-goslar.de/media/custom/94_5249_1.PDF?1547800424 |website=Landkreis - Goslar |access-date=2019-04-11 |archive-date=2020-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801033121/https://www.landkreis-goslar.de/media/custom/94_5249_1.PDF?1547800424 |url-status=dead }}</ref> waxay ka kooban tahay saddex degmo: * Braunlage oo sax ah * [[Hohegeiß]]*, lagu daray 1 Luulyo 1972 * [[Sankt Andreasberg]]**, lagu daray 1 Nofeembar 2011 <nowiki>*</nowiki> oo wata tuulada Königskrug<br /> <nowiki>**</nowiki> oo wata tuulooyinka [[Sonnenberg (Braunlage)|Sonnenberg]], [[Oderhaus]], [[Oderbrück]], [[Oderberg (Braunlage)|Oderberg]], [[Odertaler Sägemühle]] iyo [[Silberhütte (Braunlage)|Silberhütte]] ===Gaadiidka=== Braunlage waxay ku taal ''[[Bundesstraße]]'' [[Bundesstraße 4|B4]] ee u dhaxaysa [[Braunschweig]] iyo [[Nordhausen, Thuringia|Nordhausen]] iyo [[Bundesstraße 27|B27]] ee ka timid [[Blankenburg am Harz|Blankenburg]] ilaa [[Göttingen]]. Baska maxalliga ah ayaa u socdaeya Braunlage iyo bulshooyinka u dhow ee [[Bad Harzburg]], Sankt Andreasberg, [[Schierke]], [[Wernigerode]], Hohegeiß, [[Bad Sachsa]], Nordhausen, [[Bad Lauterberg]], [[Herzberg am Harz|Herzberg]] iyo [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.braunlage.de/service/urlaubsberatung-fuer-braunlage/nahverkehr.html|title=Öffentlicher Nahverkehr|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-date=5 Bisha Tobnaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005000647/http://www.braunlage.de/service/urlaubsberatung-fuer-braunlage/nahverkehr.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Braunlage waxaa horay u adeeggi jiray [[South Harz Railway Company]], oo bixisay xiriir lala yeesho [[Harz Narrow Gauge Railways]] iyada oo loo marayo [[Sorge, Saxony-Anhalt|Sorge]], laakiin adeeggu wuu istaagay 1958. ==Cimilada== {{Weather box|width=auto | location = Braunlage, (joogga {{convert|607|m|ft|abbr=on}} (1991−2020 caadiga ah) | metric first = Y | single line = Y |Jan record high C=13.9 |Feb record high C=15.1 |Mar record high C=19.8 |Apr record high C=25.9 |May record high C=28.1 |Jun record high C=30.8 |Jul record high C=32.6 |Aug record high C=32.8 |Sep record high C=30.3 |Oct record high C=24.3 |Nov record high C=18.8 |Dec record high C=14.1 |year record high C= |Jan record low C=-23.9 |Feb record low C=-25.6 |Mar record low C=-18.0 |Apr record low C=-11.0 |May record low C=-4.1 |Jun record low C=-0.6 |Jul record low C=2.7 |Aug record low C=2.6 |Sep record low C=-0.4 |Oct record low C=-8.2 |Nov record low C=-14.0 |Dec record low C=-22.8 |year record low C= |Jan high C = 1.2 |Feb high C = 2.0 |Mar high C = 5.5 |Apr high C = 11.2 |May high C = 15.0 |Jun high C = 18.2 |Jul high C = 20.5 |Aug high C = 20.2 |Sep high C = 15.5 |Oct high C = 10.4 |Nov high C = 5.4 |Dec high C = 2.0 | year high C = 10.6 |Jan mean C = -1.2 |Feb mean C = -0.8 |Mar mean C = 1.9 |Apr mean C = 6.3 |May mean C = 10.4 |Jun mean C = 13.5 |Jul mean C = 15.7 |Aug mean C = 15.3 |Sep mean C = 11.3 |Oct mean C = 7.0 |Nov mean C = 2.8 |Dec mean C = -0.3 |year mean C = 6.8 |Jan low C = -3.5 |Feb low C = -3.5 |Mar low C = -1.4 |Apr low C = 2.0 |May low C = 5.8 |Jun low C = 8.9 |Jul low C = 11.1 |Aug low C = 10.9 |Sep low C = 7.6 |Oct low C = 4.0 |Nov low C = 0.5 |Dec low C = -2.4 | year low C = 3.3 | precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 158.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 104.1 |Mar precipitation mm = 114.5 |Apr precipitation mm = 65.5 |May precipitation mm = 88.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 84.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 105.9 |Aug precipitation mm = 94.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 104.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 123.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 123.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 155.9 | year precipitation mm =1303.4 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 19.6 |Feb precipitation days = 18.2 |Mar precipitation days = 18.3 |Apr precipitation days = 13.8 |May precipitation days = 15.4 |Jun precipitation days = 15.5 |Jul precipitation days = 16.9 |Aug precipitation days = 15.5 |Sep precipitation days = 15.3 |Oct precipitation days = 17.8 |Nov precipitation days = 19.5 |Dec precipitation days = 21.6 |year precipitation days = 205.2 |Jan sun = 48.0 |Feb sun = 66.5 |Mar sun = 113.6 |Apr sun = 162.8 |May sun = 187.3 |Jun sun = 190.7 |Jul sun = 197.7 |Aug sun = 185.3 |Sep sun = 131.1 |Oct sun = 94.8 |Nov sun = 46.8 |Dec sun = 38.3 |year sun = 1447.8 |Jan humidity = 90.0 |Feb humidity = 86.0 |Mar humidity = 82.4 |Apr humidity = 74.8 |May humidity = 74.1 |Jun humidity = 75.3 |Jul humidity = 75.0 |Aug humidity = 76.1 |Sep humidity = 82.2 |Oct humidity = 87.6 |Nov humidity = 90.8 |Dec humidity = 91.2 | year humidity =82.3 | source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230916124530/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Braunlage_10452.csv | archive-date = 16 September 2023 | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Germany/CSV/Braunlage_10452.csv | title = Braunlage Climate Normals 1991–2020 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 16 September 2023}}</ref> |source 2 = [http://wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=de&stat=10452] }} == Taariikhda == [[File:Eisenhütte Braunlage 1654.jpg|thumb|Braunlage ironworks, 1654 engraving by [[Matthäus Merian]]]] Markii ugu horreysay waxaa lagu xusay ''Brunla'' 1227, magaaladu waxay ka bilaabatay degsiimo god ah oo ku taal kaymaha Harz. Waxay ka muuqatay ''Brunenlo'' diiwaanka 1253 ee [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxon]] tirada [[County of Regenstein|Regenstein]] waxaana la soo nooleeyay markii bedelkoodii, [[County of Blankenburg|Counts of Blankenburg]], ay ka Aasaaseen [[ironworks|warshad bir ah]] halkan 1561. Burburkii qoyska Blankenburg 1599 Braunlage waxay ku dhacday [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]. Qarnigii 17aad waxay ahayd [[market town|magaalo suuq]] yar oo Brunswick ah oo ku taal geeska galbeed ee dhulkii hore ee Blankenburg. Dalxiiska ayaa horumaray laga bilaabo dhammaadkii qarnigii 19aad wixii ka dambeeyay iyo laamo kale oo ganacsi waxay ahaayeen kaynta iyo [[granite|dhagax adag]] weyn oo ku yaal Wurmberg. Agagaarka 1910 mid ka mid ah basaska isku xira ee ugu horreeyay ayaa ka socday Bad Harzburg ilaa Braunlage, oo ay u adeegayeen [[Büssing]] baabuur. Wurmberg Ski Jumps waxaa la dhisay 1922 (la dumiyay 2014). 1934 Braunlage waxay heshay [[town privileges|xuquuqda magaalada]] iyo xaaladda degmada oo ah xarun caafimaad. Ka dib [[World War II|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] Braunlage waxay u dhowdahay la xoojiyay [[inner German border]] oo dhex maraya buuraha Harz. 1963 waxay noqotay goobta [[Wurmberg Gondola Lift]], maanta oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|2.8|km|mi}} iyo faraqa dhererka {{convert|400|m|ft|abbr=on}} ilaa saldhigga kulanka ugu dheer [[Northern Germany]]. 7 Maajo 1964 [[Gerhard Zucker]] wuxuu muujiyay duulimaad [[Rocket mail|gantaalada boostada]] oo ku yaal [[Hasselkopf]] buurta. Mid ka mid ah ayaa qarxay, taasoo dishay laba daawadayaal ah. Tan iyo markii [[German reunification|midoobistii Jarmalka]] 1990 Braunlage waxay mar kale ku jirtay bartamaha gobolka dalxiiska Harz laakiin waxay la tacaalaysay tartanka sii kordhaya ee ka yimid goobaha dalxiiska ee u dhow ee Saxony-Anhalt. === Dadweynaha === [[File:Population Statistics Braunlage.svg|thumb|Tirakoobka dadweynaha]] {| | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1821 | style="text-align:right;" | 1,691 |- | 1848 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,473 |- | 1871 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,288 |- | 1885 | style="text-align:right;" | 2,489 |- | 1905 | style="text-align:right;" | 3,408 |- | 1925 | style="text-align:right;" | 4,520 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1933 | style="text-align:right;" | 4,893 |- | 1939 | style="text-align:right;" | 4,981 |- | 1946 | style="text-align:right;" | 9,489 |- | 1950 | style="text-align:right;" | 9,334 |- | 1956 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,523 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1961 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,163 |- | 1968 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,716 |- | 1970 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,249 |- | 1975 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,266 |- | 1980 | style="text-align:right;" | 7,140 |} | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Sannadka ! Dadweynaha |- | 1985 | style="text-align:right;" | 6,776 |- | 1990 | style="text-align:right;" | 6,148 |- | 1995 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,998 |- | 2000 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,476 |- | 2005 | style="text-align:right;" | 5,142 |} |} == Siyaasadda == [[Image:Wurmberg Braunlage 2 1900.jpg|thumb|Wurmberg agagaarka 1900]] === Golaha magaalada === Kursiyada golaha magaalada (''Stadtrat'') laga bilaabo doorashadii deegaanka ee 2016: * [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]] (CDU): 7 * ''Bürgerliste'' ([[Independent (politician)|madaxbannaan]]): 5 * [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD): 4 == Dhaqanka iyo goobaha la arko == Matxafka taariikhda maxalliga ah wuxuu daboolayaa dhaqanka Braunlage ee ah xarun caafimaad iyo goob rasmi ah oo ka tirsan [[International Ski Federation]] (FIS). Magaalada waxaa ku jira beero caafimaad oo ballaaran === Ciyaaraha === Kooxda hockey-ga biskoodka maxalliga ah ''Harzer Wölfe'' waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka tirsan dhaqanka hockey-ga biskoodka waqooyiga Jarmalka. Waxaa jiray dhowr boodboodo baraf ah oo ku yaal Wurmberg, kuwaas oo martigeliyay tartamo caalami ah sida [[FIS Ski Jumping Continental Cup]] ilaa 2011. Int u dhaxaysa 2009 iyo 2012 [[Braunlage Nude Sledging World Championship]]s ayaa la qabtay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nackt-Rodel-Aus in Braunlage |url=https://www.bild.de/regional/hannover/nacktrodelaus-in-braunlage-27331394.bild.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=bild.de |date=23 November 2012 |language=de}}</ref> === Goobaha la arko === [[Silberteich]] iyo ''[[Hahnenkleeklippen]]'' ee ku wajahan Sankt Andreasberg waa goobaha dalxiiska ee caanka ah{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}. [[Dicke Tannen]] waa [[protected landscape|muuqaal ilaashan]] oo ah geedo spruce ah oo waaweyn oo u dhow Hohegeiß. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Braunlage}} {{portal|Harz}} * {{wikivoyage inline|Braunlage}} * [https://en.harzinfo.de/destinations/destinations-from-a-to-z/braunlage Braunlage Tourism] {{Authority control}} 2t2235h5bqwp8hm4jl877naj6snxgw8 0 50121 305269 304077 2026-08-15T01:49:18Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Brokdorf COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|51|41|N|9|19|49|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Brokdorf in IZ.png |state = |district = Steinburg |Amt = Wilstermarsch |elevation = 1 |area = 19.79 |postal_code = 25576 |area_code = 04829, 04858 |licence = IZ |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 61 018 |website = [http://www.wilstermarsch.de/ www.wilstermarsch.de] |mayor = Elke Göttsche |party = CDU }} '''Brokdorf''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Steinburg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal xeebta webiga [[Elbe]], qiyaastii 20 km bariga ka hor int>**aan** webigu ku shubin [[North Sea|Badda Waqooyi]]. Laga bilaabo Diseembar 2019, wadarta guud ee dadka ku nool Brokdorf waxay ahayd 965 qof. ==Taariikhda== ===Mashruuca tamarta nukliyeerka=== Qorshaynta reactor [[nuclear power|tamarta nukliyeerka]] biyaha fudud ee Brokdorf, 45 mayl waqooyi-galbeed ee Hamburg, waxay bilaabatay horraantii 11960-meeyadii, walaacyada ku saabsanaanshaha soo jeedinta [[Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant]] waxay noqdeen arrin dadweyne November 1973, markaas oo dhowr reactor oo tamarta nukliyeerka ah ay horey uga shaqeynayeen Jarmalka. Intii lagu guda jiray dhismaha 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii waxaa jiray banaanbaxyo rabshado wata oo ku saabsan Brokdorf oo ay sameeyeen [[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany|mucaaradka]]. Banaanbaxyadii ugu waaweynaa ee goobta ka dhacay waxay ahaayeen November 1976, Febraayo 1977, Janaayo 1981 iyo Juun 1986.<ref name=glaserbas/> November 1976, in ka badan 30,000 oo qof ayaa ka mudaaharaaday mashruuca Brokdorf. Mudaaharaadyadan waxay horseedeen in la joojiyo dhismaha Oktoobar 1977, taas oo si rasmi ah loogu marmarsiyooday la'aanta istaraatiijiyad qashin-qub ah oo loogu talagalay shidaalka la isticmaalay. Brokdorf waxay noqotay astaan ​​awood leh oo ka tirsan [[anti-nuclear movement|dhaqdhaqaaqa ka soo horjeeda nukliyeerka]] Jarmalka.<ref name=glaserbas/> Febraayo 1977, 6,500 [[riot police|booliis rabshado wata]] iyo 2,000 oo sarkaal oo ka tirsan [[Bundesgrenzschutz|ilaalada xuduudaha]] ayaa la abaabulay oo laga keenay dhammaan [[Federal Republic of Germany|Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Jarmalka]]. Wadarta guud, in ka badan 1,000 gaari, oo ay ku jiraan [[water cannon|madaafiicda biyaha]], [[Armored car (military)|gaadiidka gaashaaman]] iyo kuwo kale, ayaa ay isticmaaleen maamulka Brokdorf. Xannibaadaha waddooyinka ayaa laga dhisay Jarmalka oo dhan, dadkii soo gelayay xadka [[Denmark|Denmark]] iyo [[Netherlands|Nederlaan]] ayaana la wareystay ujeedadooda.<ref>[http://www.infopartisan.net/archive/1977/7709.html Gegen den Bau des AKW in Brokdorf] {{Wayback|url=http://www.infopartisan.net/archive/1977/7709.html |date=20241208203748 }} accessed 8 November 2008</ref> Markii dhismahuhu uu dib u bilaaban lahaa Febraayo 1981, qiyaastii 100,000 oo qof ayaa ka mudaaharaaday mashruuca, iyagoo la kulmay ciidan booliis ah oo ka badnaa 10,000. Waqtigaas, tani waxay ahayd hawlgalkii booliis ee ugu weyn taariikhda Jarmalka Galbeed. Isku dhacyo dheeraad ah iyo muranno siyaasadeed ayaa soo baxay, laakiin reactor-ka nukliyeerka ee Brokdorf ayaa ugu dambeyn bilaabay shaqada Oktoobar 1986.<ref name=glaserbas>{{cite journal |url=http://bos.sagepub.com/content/68/6/10.full |title=From Brokdorf to Fukushima: The long journey to nuclear phase-out |author=Alexander Glaser |date=November–December 2012 |volume=68 |journal=[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]] |issue=6 |page=10 |doi=10.1177/0096340212464357 |bibcode=2012BuAtS..68f..10G |s2cid=145511308 |author-link=Alexander Glaser |url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==Sidoo kale eeg== {{Portal|Germany|Nuclear technology}} *[[Wyhl]] *[[Kalkar]] ==Tixraac== <references/> {{Authority control}} 3lo7eegdlt7d3kgcjas9xj8d4tkmumz 0 50124 305270 304080 2026-08-15T01:52:11Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|51|40|00|N|13|55|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bronkow in OSL.svg |state = |district = Oberspreewald-Lausitz |Amt = Altdöbern |elevation = 129 |area = 38.21 |postal_code = 03205 |area_code = 035435 |licence = OSL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 12 0 66 041 |divisions = 2 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://www.amt-altdoebern.de/ www.amt-altdoebern.de] |mayor = Christian Pompsch<ref>[https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12066000 Landkreis Oberspreewald-Lausitz Wahl der Bürgermeisterin / des Bürgermeisters] {{Wayback|url=https://wahlen.brandenburg.de/wahlen/de/kommunalwahlen/ergebnisse/buergermeisterwahlen/ergebnisse/~12066000 |date=20260731012258 }}. Retrieved 3 July 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2024&ndash;29 |party = }} '''Bronkow''' ({{IPA|de|ˈbʁɔŋko}}, {{IPA|dsb|ˈbrɔŋkɔw|lang}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan gobolka [[Oberspreewald-Lausitz]], koonfurta [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == Bronkow waa mid ka mid ah shanta degmo ee ka tirsan [[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]] ee [[Amt Altdöbern|Altdöbern]]. Degmadu waxay ka kooban tahay degmooyinka (Jarmal: {{lang|de|Ortsteile}}) ee Lipten (Sorbian Hoose: {{lang|dsb|Libeśin}}) iyo Lug ({{lang|dsb|Ług}}), iyo sidoo kale bulshooyinka deegaanka ah ({{lang|de|bewohnte Gemeindeteile}}) ee Rutzkau ({{lang|dsb|Cernjow}}) iyo [[Saadow]] ({{lang|dsb|Žadow}}) iyo aagagga degaanka ee Amandusdorf iyo Forsthaus Lipten.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://service.brandenburg.de/service/de/adressen/kommunalverzeichnis/ansicht/~120665601041-bronkow|title=Dienstleistungsportal der Landesverwaltung Brandenburg. Gemeinde Bronkow|date=2021-09-30|access-date=2023-10-08|archive-date=2023-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426110920/https://service.brandenburg.de/service/de/adressen/kommunalverzeichnis/ansicht/~120665601041-bronkow|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Taariikhda == Laga bilaabo 1815 ilaa 1945, Bronkow waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia|Prussian]] [[Province of Brandenburg|Gobolka Brandenburg]]. Laga bilaabo 1952 ilaa 1990, waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[Bezirk Cottbus]] ee [[East Germany|Jarmalka Bari]]. == Dadweynaha == [[File:Bevölkerungsentwicklung Bronkow.pdf|thumb|left|Horumarinta Dadweynaha ilaa 1875 ee ku dhex jirta Xuduudaha Hadda (Sadarka Buluugga ah: Dadweynaha; Sadarka Dhibicdhibicda leh: Barbardhiga Horumarinta Dadweynaha ee gobolka Brandenburg; Asalka Grey: Waqtiga xukunka Naasiga; Asalka Cas: Waqtiga xukunka Shuuciga)]] {{historical populations |align=none | cols=2 | percentages=pagr |title = Bronkow: Horumarinta dadweynaha <br>xuduudaha hadda dhexdooda (2013)<ref>Ilo-wareedyada xogta faahfaahsan waxaa laga helaa Wikimedia Commons.[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_projection_Brandenburg Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons]</ref> | 1875 | 1092 | 1890 | 928 | 1910 | 1011 | 1925 | 975 | 1933 | 968 | 1939 | 1072 | 1946 | 1300 | 1950 | 1288 | 1964 | 924 | 1971 | 945 | 1981 | 796 | 1985 | 757 | 1989 | 755 | 1990 | 764 | 1991 | 742 | 1992 | 739 | 1993 | 739 | 1994 | 739 | 1995 | 728 | 1996 | 728 | 1997 | 721 | 1998 | 718 | 1999 | 720 | 2000 | 732 | 2001 | 741 | 2002 | 723 | 2003 | 707 | 2004 | 700 | 2005 | 692 | 2006 | 680 | 2007 | 658 | 2008 | 652 | 2009 | 654 | 2010 | 628 | 2011 | 638 | 2012 | 637 | 2013 | 635 | 2014 | 610 | 2015 | 601 | 2016 | 586 }} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 4q8mjnrvd9lltwbxwyz7dlfkjsc0hph 0 50139 305271 304096 2026-08-15T01:56:50Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |image_coa = Wappen Bubsheim.png |coordinates = {{coord|48|07|10|N|08|49|46|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Bubsheim in TUT.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Tuttlingen |elevation = 909 |area = 8.29 |postal_code = 78585 |area_code = 07429 |licence = TUT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 27 007 |website = [http://www.bubsheim.de www.bubsheim.de] |mayor = Thomas Leibinger<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 15 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;28 }} '''Bubsheim''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Tuttlingen (district)|Tuttlingen]] ee gobolka [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee dalka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. ==Duqa magaalada== Bishii Janaayo 2012 Thomas Leibinger waxaa loo doortay duqa cusub.<ref>[http://www.schwaebische.de/region/sigmaringen-tuttlingen/spaichingen/rund-um-spaichingen_artikel,-Thomas-Leibinger-ist-Bubsheimer-Schultes-_arid,5188041.html ''Thomas Leibinger ist Bubheimer Schultes'']{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ogzezw7b7zpo9oozskxuj9w44afl014 0 50259 305275 304504 2026-08-15T02:48:20Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | name = Daxlanden | type = Borough | City = Karlsruhe | image_coa = Wappen Daxlanden.svg | image_plan = Locator map Daxlanden in Karlsruhe.svg | plantext = | state = | district = [[Urban districts of Germany|Urban district]] | coordinates = {{coord|49.002|8.337|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | population = 11489 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name=pop>{{cite web|url=https://web5.karlsruhe.de/Stadtentwicklung/statistik/pdf/2020/2020-12-bevoelkerung.pdf|title=Die Karlsruher Bevölkerung im IV. Quartal 2020|publisher=Stadt Karlsruhe|access-date=24 September 2021|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 Bisha Sagaalaad 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924100502/https://web5.karlsruhe.de/Stadtentwicklung/statistik/pdf/2020/2020-12-bevoelkerung.pdf}}</ref> | area = | elevation = | postal_code = 76189 | area_code = 0721 }} '''Daxlanden''' waa degmo ka tirsan magaalada [[Karlsruhe]], Jarmalka. Tuuladii hore ee kalluumaysiga waxay ku taal galbeedka xarunta magaalada Karlsruhe, oo u dhow wabiga [[Rhine]] ee ku yaal wabiga [[Alb (Northern Black Forest)|Alb]] waxayna ka kooban tahay ku dhawaad ​​11,500 oo qof. Degmada ayaa hadda loo sii qaybiyaa ''Alt-Daxlanden'', ''Neu-Daxlanden'', ''Daxlanden-Ost'' iyo ''Rheinstrandsiedlung''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web3.karlsruhe.de/Stadtentwicklung/siska/pdf/Jahrbuch2009_Kapitel_01.pdf |title=Stadtgebiet und Flächennutzung |last= |first= |date=2009 |website=karlsruhe.de |publisher=City of Karlsruhe |access-date=8 December 2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519030158/http://web3.karlsruhe.de/Stadtentwicklung/siska/pdf/Jahrbuch2009_Kapitel_01.pdf |archive-date=19 May 2016 |quote=}}</ref> ==Taariikh== Daxlanden waxaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay 1579 iyadoo ah "villa daslar" dukumintiga papalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aaggu waa mid ka da' weyn, sida ay muujinayaan jiritaanka [[-de:Kloster Weißenburg (Elsass)|Weißenburg Monastery]] iyo [[-de:Kloster Gottesaue|Gottesaue Monastery]]. Sanadkii 1396, "Appen Mill" ee Daxlanden ayaa markii ugu horreysay la xusay markii loo tabarrucay cisbitaalka ku yaal Baden (maanta [[Baden-Baden]]).<br />Weligii Appen Mill wuxuu ahaa hantida cisbitaalka ilaa qarnigii 18-aad waxaana uu ahaa warshaddii rasmiga ahayd ee degmooyinka ku xeeran ee Bulach, Beiertheim, Daxlanden, Mühlburg iyo Knielingen. Sanadkii 1407, Archbishop-ka Cologne [[Friedrich III. von Saarwerden]] wuxuu xaliyay khilaaf ku saabsan xuquuqda ugaarsiga ee "Daheslarerau" iyo meelaha ku xeeran int u dhaxaysa [[Rupert, King of Germany]], iyo [[Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden]] oo u hiiliyey kii hore. Sanadkii 1463, Daxlanden waxay dhistay parish-keeda gaarka ah, hore waxay ka tirsanaan jirtay parish-ka Forchheim. Markii la qaybiyay [[Margraviate of Baden]], Daxlanden waxaa loo qoondeeyay Baden-Baden sidaas darteedna waxay ka tirsanayd Golaha Ettlingen. Sannooyinkii barwaaqada ee [[Gold panning]] ee goobaha dahabka ee Daxlanden waxay ahaayeen 1579. Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 18aad waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan miro dhal ahayn. Bishii Maarso 6, 1651 masiibatadii ugu darnayd taariikhda Daxlanden ayaa dhacday. Jajab ku yimid biyo xireenka Rhein ayaa burburiyay 700 oo acres oo beer ah, 20 guri iyo kaniisadda deegaanka. Natiijada ahaan taas, kala bar Daxlanden waxay halis ugu jirtay inay ku dhacdo Rhein. Kadib masiibooyin badan oo fatahaado ah oo ku dhuftay degmada, Daxlanden cusub ayaa laga dhisay bangi sare oo ka fog Rhein. Sanadkii 1665, Warshaddii Appen ee ku burburtay [[Dagaalkii Sodbanka Sano|Thirty Years War]] ayaa dib loo dhisay. 1673/77 waxay arkeen biyo xireeno cusub oo loogu talagalay Rhein oo laga dhisay agagaarka Daxlanden iyo Rappenwörth. Waxaa la isku dayay marar badan in la xakameeyo Rhein dhismaha biyo xireenka. ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category}} * [https://www.themenpark-umwelt.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/30764/?path=7160;7111; Die Appenmühle, einst Getreidemühle heute Energieerzeuger] {{Wayback|url=https://www.themenpark-umwelt.baden-wuerttemberg.de/servlet/is/30764/?path=7160;7111; |date=20240430075019 }} * [https://www.daxlanden.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53:geschichte-von-daxlanden&catid=31&Itemid=46 Geschichte von Daxlanden]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Authority control}} n5jj2ufojbiuhvbpq1xeeo52tjdvr5k 0 50299 305276 304511 2026-08-15T03:08:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location | image_photo = | image_coa = DEU Dichtelbach COA.svg | coordinates = {{coord|50|0|39|N|7|41|43|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Dichtelbach in SIM.svg | state = | district = Rhein-Hunsrück | Verbandsgemeinde = Simmern-Rheinböllen | elevation = 403 | area = 5.37 | postal_code = 55494 | area_code = 06764 | licence = SIM | Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 40 027 | mayor = | party = }} [[File:Dichtelbach02.jpg|thumb|Aragtida xagga galbeed]] '''Dichtelbach''' ({{IPA|de|ˈdɪçtl̩bax}}) waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka tirsan degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis]] ([[Districts of Germany|degmada]]) ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Pfalz]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay ''Verbandsgemeinde'' [[Simmern-Rheinböllen]], oo xarunteedu tahay [[Simmern]]. ==Juqraafi== ===Goobta=== Degmadu waxay ku taal bariga [[Hunsrück]] u dhaxeysa [[Autobahn]] [[Bundesautobahn 61|A&nbsp;61]] iyo [[Bingen Forest]]. Tuuladu waxay ku taal waddadii hore ee [[Roman roads|Roomaanka]], ee loo yaqaanno ''Via Ausonia'' (ama ''Ausoniusstraße'' ee [[German language|Jarmal]]), taas oo ka timid [[Trier]] ilaa [[Bacharach]]. Magaca degmadu waa wabi la yiraahdo Dichtelbach, kaas oo ku shuba Guldenbach inta u dhaxeysa xarunta ugu weyn ee [[Rheinböllen]] iyo xarunteeda fog ee Rheinböllerhütte. Magaca wabiga asal ahaan wuxuu ahaa ''Dadilebach'', oo macnaheedu ahaa “Firebrook”, oo ah tixraac ku saabsan [[charcoal]] [[kiln]]s oo badan oo ku yaal kaymaha ku teedsan koorsadiisa. ==Taariikh== Wabiga magaca u bixiyay tuulada, Dichtelbach, wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ku yeeshay xus dukumenti ah 6 Noofambar 996, laakiin waxay ahayd 351 sano oo kale ka hor intaanan la helin xus dukumenti ah oo si cad u tilmaamaya in tuulo magacaas leh ay jirtay. Dukumentigan, oo taariikhdiisu tahay 6 Janaayo 1347, wuxuu la macaamilayay taakulooyinka Rheinböllen; wadaadka parish-ka iyo vicar-ka waxay u qaybiyeen heshiiskan iyadoo kii hore helay laba meel saddex meelood oo kalena uu helay inta hartay. Markhaati ka ahaa falkan waxay ahaayeen dhowr nin oo sharaf leh, oo ay ku jiraan “''Frischo dictus Kunig de Erbach, Frischo, dictus Ritter, et Henne natus Fridemanni de Elren, Henricus dictus Starke et Contzo, dictus Hase de Dehtelbach''”, kii ugu dambeeyay wuxuu ahaa xudunta caddaynta dukumentiga ee jiritaanka tuulada. Haddaba, aagga ku xeeran Dichtelbach wuxuu ku xirnaa danaha [[Archbishopric of Mainz]], iyo xilligii xigay, danahani waxay dambeeyeen iyagoo gala gacmaha Count Palatine ee Rhenish. Dukumenti ka soo baxay 1368 wuxuu caddaynayaa in tuulooyinka Dichtelbach, [[Ellern]], [[Erbach, Rhineland-Palatinate|Erbach]] iyo Kleinweidelbach (oo markaas loo yaqaanay Weidelbach; oo hadda ah xarun fog oo ka tirsan Rheinböllen) ay markaas wada sameeyeen ''[[Schultheiß]]erei'' oo la yiraahdo ''altes Gericht'' (“Maxkamaddii Hore”). Sidoo kale waxaa jira caddayn ahว่า ''Schultheißerei'' tani ay ka tirsanayd Palatine ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Simmern hoos yimaada Count Palatine Stephan (1410–1425). Sida uu qabo buugii ugu da'da weynaa ee [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] ee fiefs ka soo baxa 1401, Counts Palatine waxay siiyeen 438 vassals hanti kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr ay siiyeen fiefs Dichtelbach. Isha qoraalka ah ee dheeraadka ah waxay ka soo baxaan qaybta dambe ee qarnigii 15-aad. Johann I wuxuu u sameeyay xaaskiisa Juliane von Nassau-Saarbrücken ''Leibgedinge'', oo ah wareejinta hantida ay faa'iido u leedahay, oo ay ku jiraan dhowr tuulo, oo ay ku jiraan Dichtelbach. Magaca tuulada sidoo kale wuxuu ka muuqdaa liiska canshuuraha ee Boqor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian]] kaas oo la macaamilayay ''[[Gemeiner Pfennig]]'', oo ah canshuur hal ''Pfennig'' (ama penny) ah oo ay soo rogtay [[1495 Diet of Worms]] (oo aan ahayn tan caadiyan la xiriirta [[Martin Luther]]). Qof kasta oo da'diisu ka weyn tahay 15 sano wuxuu lahaa inuu bixiyo canshuurtaan, iyadoo canshuur dheeraad ah la saaray kuwa hantidoodu ka badato 500 [[Rhenish guilder|''Gulden'']]. Liiska Maximilian wuxuu magacaabay 74 qof oo ka socda Dichtelbach kuwaas oo ahaa 15 ama ka weyn. Dhammaantood, waxay bixiyeen 3 ''Gulden'', 5 ''Albus'' (“penny cad”) iyo 2 ''Pfennige'' (“penny”). ''Gulden'' wuxuu qiimihiisu ahaa 24 ''Albus'' ama 240 ''Pfennige''. Sida ku cad sharaxaadda rasmiga ah ee 1599 waxaa jiray 25 hearths, taas oo ah, madaxda qoyska ee la canshuurayo, oo ku sugan Dichtelbach, kuwaas oo dhammaantood ka tirsanaa [[Electorate of the Palatinate]]. Magacaabay sida ''Schultheiß'' wuxuu ahaa hal Niklas Schiltger, oo loo maleeyay inuu hoos tago ''Schultheiß'' ee Rheinböllen. Dhowr nin oo sharaf leh ayaa haystay fiefs Dichtelbach.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dichtelbach.de/resources/Vorgeschichte+Di..pdf|title=Mittelalterliche Geschichte im Raum Dichtelbach|access-date=2026-08-08|archive-date=2012-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316233519/http://www.dichtelbach.de/resources/Vorgeschichte%20Di..pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dichtelbach.de/resources/Geschichte+14.-18.Jhdt..pdf|title=Zur Herrschafts- und Verwaltungsgeschichte vom 14. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert|access-date=2026-08-08|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062614/http://www.dichtelbach.de/resources/Geschichte+14.-18.Jhdt..pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 1794, Dichtelbach waxay hoos timid xukunkii [[France|Faransiiska]]. 1814 waxaa loo qoondeeyey Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee la aasaasay xilligaas. Intii lagu guda jiray [[Cold War]], gantaallada [[United States|American]] [[MIM-104 Patriot|Patriot]] waxaa la geeyay difaaca hawada ee [[Kandrich]], oo ah buur u dhow Dichtelbach. Xerada ciidanka ee hore ee kaymaha ku taal waxay weli marqaati u tahay waqtigan, sidoo kale waxaa jira siddeed caqabadood oo ilaalin ah oo qaab fardo ah oo maanta saddex [[wind turbine]] ay taagan yihiin. Kahor intaysan Patriots joogin, Kandrich waxay ahayd hoyga saldhig [[radar]] ah, kaas oo u adeegayay inuu hago gantaallada [[MIM-14 Nike-Hurcules|Nike]] ee ku sugnaa Grundlos-Wies, oo sidoo kale u dhow. Markii Dagaalkii Qabow uu dhammaaday, rakibaadda millateri ee Kandrich waa la dayacay. Xerada ciidanka iyo xerada millateri ee lagu dhisay Grundlos-Wies ka dib markii Nikes la soo celiyay sidoo kale waa la bixiyay ilaa 2006. ===Horumarka dadweynaha=== Jadwalka soo socda wuxuu muujinayaa tirada dadweynaha Dichtelbach sannadihii la soo dhaafay, mar walba 31 Disembar: {{historical populations|align=none|width=12em|cols=4 | 1815 | 366 | 1835 | 499 | 1871 | 495 | 1905 | 474 | 1939 | 371 | 1950 | 436 | 1961 | 418 | 1965 | 430 | 1970 | 436 | 1975 | 463 | 1980 | 478 | 1985 | 491 | 1987 | 511 | 1990 | 499 | 1995 | 669 | 2000 | 680 | 2005 | 692 | 2006 | 720 | source = ''Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz'' }} ==Siyaasad== ===Golaha degmada=== Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada ee sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. ===Duqa magaalada=== Booska duqa magaalada Dichtelbach waa mid bannaan laga soo bilaabo 2021. Duqii hore ee magaalada, Martin Huhn, waa duqa sii hayaha ah. ===Gaashaanka hubka=== Blazonka Jarmalka wuxuu akhrinayaa: ''{{lang|de|Schild gespalten, vorne ein schräglinker blauer Wellenbalken, darunter ein schwarzer Hammer und Schlägel, über dem Wellenbalken das rote Mainzer Rad, hinten in Schwarz ein rotbewehrter und -gezungter goldener Löwe.}}'' Degmada [[Coat of arms|hubkeeda]] af Ingiriis [[Heraldry|heraldic]] luqadda ah waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sidan: Per pale Or a wheel spoked of six gules, a bend sinister wavy azure throughout and a hammer and sledge in saltire sable, all three in pale, and sable a lion rampant of the first armed and langued of the second. Libaaxu wuxuu tixraacayaa Dukes-ka [[House of Palatinate-Simmern|Palatinate-Simmern]], oo hal mar maxalliga ah ka talin jiray. Sidoo kale waxay tixraacaysaa Electors Palatine. Labada qalab ee macdanta ah ee isgoyska ah waxay tixraacayaan macdanta macdanta ee aagga Dichtelbach. Xuddunta leexleexan ee leexleexan waxay tixraacaysaa magaca degmada (oo ku dhammaada ''—bach'', oo macnaheedu ahaa “wabi”). [[Wheel of Mainz]] waxay u taagan tahay Aasaaska Archiepiscopal ee Mainz, ee helay Binger Wald (kaynta) oo ka yimid [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor]] 6 Noofambar 996. Tan waxaa badanaa lagu xusaa sidii xus dukumentiga ugu horreeya ee Dichtelbach. Hubkan waxaa la waday tan iyo 16 Maarso 1981, waxaana nashqadeeyay Willi Wagner oo ka socda [[Ohlweiler]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dichtelbach.de/7.html|title=Description and explanation of Dichtelbach's arms|access-date=2026-08-08|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053128/http://www.dichtelbach.de/7.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Dhaqanka iyo meelaha la booqdo== ===Dhismayaasha=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ka tirsan [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] kaniisadda, Kirchgasse – [[aisleless church]], bartamihii qarnigii 18-aad, munaaradda galbeedka 1852 * Meel u dhow Rheinböllener Straße 16 – bambo gacmeed * Meel u dhow Rheinböllener Straße 59 – taangi ilayska, Rheinböllen Ironworks, qarnigii 19-aad * Rheinböllner Straße – ilayska tuulada, Rheinböllen Ironworks, qarnigii 19-aad<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Rhein-Hunsrueck-Kreis.pdf|title=Directory of Cultural Monuments in Rhein-Hunsrück district}}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{commons category}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718230636/http://www.dichtelbach.de/1.html Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/hierzuland-rp/archiv/2005/02/22/index.html Sawir kooban oo Dichtelbach ah oo wata filim] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/hierzuland-rp/archiv/2005/02/22/index.html |date=20050223193959 }} at [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} amd3u5a5iqc1fx9gpn98p4p4lb20jh5 0 50314 305277 304433 2026-08-15T03:12:51Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |image_photo = Dierhagen Backsteinkirche.jpg |image_caption = Protestant church |coordinates = {{coord|54|17|29|N|12|21|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Dierhagen_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Darß/Fischland |elevation = 3 |area = 27.47 |postal_code = 18347 |area_code = 038226 |licence = NVP |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 017 |website = {{url|https://www.ostseebad-dierhagen.de/}} |mayor = Christiane Müller |party = Linke }} '''Dierhagen''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Goobta == Dierhagen waxay ku taal jasiiradda Fischland-Darß-Zingst. Degmada waxaa ku wareegsan [[Baltic Sea]] dhanka waqooyi iyo waqooyi-galbeed iyo [[Saaler Bodden]] dhanka bari iyo koon-bari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ostseebad-dierhagen.de/de/dierhagen|title=Dierhagen - Ostseebad Dierhagen|access-date=2026-08-08|archive-date=2011-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315201848/http://www.ostseebad-dierhagen.de/de/dierhagen|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dierhagen waxay leedahay lix degmo: * Dierhagen Dorf * Dierhagen Strand, oo ah xeeb dhererkeedu yahay 7-km oo leh ciid cad oo fiican * Dierhagen Ost * Neuhaus * [[Dändorf]] * Körkwitz == Taariikh == Dierhagen waxaa la aas-aasay 1311 markii dadkii degay ee Jarmalka ay ballaariyeen dhulkooda oo ay u galeen aagga Ribnitz (oo loo guuriyay xagga bari).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dierhagen1311.de/ |title=Home |website=dierhagen1311.de}}</ref> == Dadka caanka ah == *[[Egon Krenz]], oo si kooban uga soo shaqeeyay hoggaamiyaha [[East Germany]] 1989, wuxuu ku noolaa magaalada ilaa 2003. ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *{{Commons category-inline}} {{Authority control}} q7i9erb25ono5ni225796mkb3upbedt 0 50449 305281 304645 2026-08-15T03:40:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Eberstadt |image_photo = Eberstadt-ortsmitte-web.jpg |image_caption = Town centre |image_coa = DEU Eberstadt COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|49|11|N|9|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eberstadt in HN.png |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Heilbronn |Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = Raum Weinsberg |elevation = 191 |area = 12.5 |postal_code = 74246 |area_code = 07134 |licence = HN |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 1 25 021 |divisions = 5 |website = [https://www.eberstadt.de/ www.eberstadt.de] |mayor = Patrick Dillig<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-eberstadt-2023/ Bürgermeisterwahl Eberstadt 2023], Staatsanzeiger. Retrieved 13 June 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;31 |party = CDU }} '''Eberstadt''' ({{IPA|de|ˈeːbɐʃtat|lang|De-Eberstadt.ogg}}) waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Heilbronn (district)|Heilbronn]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa si fiican loogu yaqaanaa [[winegrowing|beerashada khamriga]] iyo kulankeeda caalamiga ah ee [[high jump|boodboodka sare]] sanadlaha ah (the [[Internationales Hochsprung-Meeting Eberstadt]]). == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.hochsprung-eberstadt.com/ Website of the high jump meeting in German] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hochsprung-eberstadt.com/ |date=20081023151034 }} {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} d4he4stpr0vz8l115jiafruktj89oc5 0 50461 305282 304947 2026-08-15T03:45:04Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place | image_photo = Eckardtsleben-Kirche-1.JPG | image_caption = St Vitus' Church | image_coa = | coordinates = {{Coord|51|4|13|N|10|40|51|E|type:city(195)_region:DE-TH_source:dewiki|display=inline,title}} | image_plan = Bala Eckardtsleben.png | state = | district = [[Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis]] | type = Ortsteil | Town = Bad Langensalza | elevation = 243 | area = 4.66 | postal_code = 99947 | area_code = 03603 | population = 195 | population_as_of = 2020-12-31 | pop_ref = <ref name="population">{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/wirtschaft/ |title=Wirtschaft – Standortinformationen |date=19 February 2020 |trans-title=Economy – location information |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523082716/https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/wirtschaft/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | mayor = Dirk Schmidt<ref name="official">{{cite web |url=https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/eckardtsleben/ |title=Eckardtsleben |date=19 February 2020 |language=de |publisher=Stadt Bad Langensalza |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-date=2022-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530194847/https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/eckardtsleben/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsteilbürgermeister | website = [https://badlangensalza.de/die-stadt/stadtportrait/ortsteile/eckardtsleben/ badlangensalza.de] | year_of_first_mention = 932<ref name="official" /> }} '''Eckardtsleben''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛkaʁtsleːbn̩|pron}}) waa tuulo iyo qayb ka tirsan magaalada [[Bad Langensalza]] ee [[Thuringia]], bartamaha Jarmalka, oo ay ku nool yihiin ku dhawaad 200 oo deganayaal ah.<ref name="population" /> == Juqraafi == Eckardtsleben waxay ku taal [[convert|4.85|km|mi]] (masaafada toosan) koonfurta Bad Langensalza ([[Marktkirche, Bad Langensalza|Market Church]]) iyo on the ''[[Landesstraße]]'' (wadada gobolka) 2125 (Bad Langensalza–Aschara). Tuuladu waxay ku taal labada dhinac ee dooxada durdurka oo u janjeerta xagga waqooyi-bari. The ''Schwarzer Bach'' ("Black Brook"), oo ka kacaysa u dhow [[Wiegleben]], waxay dhex martaa tuulada galbeed ilaa bariga waxayna ka tagtaa tuulada sida ''Reifenheimer Graben'' ("Reifenheim Ditch") si ay ugu qulqulaan [[Tonna (Unstrut)|Tonna]] in yar oo ka hooseysa [[Gräfentonna]] warshadda tuulada. Tan iyo markii ay ka soo jeedo, durdurku wuxuu socday [[convert|8.86|km|mi]] wuxuuna lumiyay [[convert|140|m|ft]] dherer ah. Dhulka fidsan ee la isticmaalo ee si xoog leh loo isticmaalo waxaa iska leh aagga beeraha ee [[Thuringian Basin]]. Ciiduhu waa kuwo bacrin ah oo inta badan ay saameeyaan biyaha dhulka hoostooda mara. Dooxooyinka nabaad-guurka ee yaryar, oo inta badan leh dhir, waxay jebiyaan muuqaalka. Joogsiga Eckardtsleben ee khadka tareenka Gotha–Leinefelde wuxuu ku yaalaa koonfurta tuulada. == Taariikhda == Eckardtsleben waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay dukumeenti 1&nbsp;June 932.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Wolfgang |last=Kahl |title=Ersterwähnung Thüringer Städte und Dörfer – Ein Handbuch |language=de |edition=5 |publisher=Rockstuhl Verlag |publication-place=Bad Langensalza |date=2010 |isbn=978-3-86777-202-0 |page=63}}</ref> Tuuladu waxay ka tirsanayd hoos- degmada [[Tonna, Germany|Tonna]] xukunka, kaas oo laga bilaabo 1677 ka tirsanaa Duchy of Saxon-Gotha-Altenburg sida "Amt Tonna". Tuuladu waxay leedahay dabeecad miyigi ah oo aan lahayn dhismayaal dhaadheer oo dabaqyo badan leh iyo dhismayaal cusub waxaana lagu gartaa beeraha.<ref name="official" /> == Indha-indheynta == St Vitus' Church waxaa la dhisay 1404. Maanta, waa [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] [[daughter church]]. Xubinta oo leh hal [[Manual (music)|manual]], hal baydalka iyo 8 [[Organ stop|joogsiga]] waxaa dhisay Gustav Koch.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orgbase.nl/scripts/ogb.exe?database=ob2&%250=2049081&LGE=DE&LIJST=lang |title=Eckardtsleben, Deutschland (Thüringen) - Dorfkirche Sankt Vitus |website=orgbase.nl |access-date=2022-05-30}}</ref> == Tixraac == <references /> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons-inline}} {{Authority control}} ijqyqqxbat5ysto9v731igweyy4scrw 0 50491 305283 304713 2026-08-15T03:47:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Egweil COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|47|N|11|14|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Egweil in EI.svg |image_photo = Egweil im Landkreis Eichstätt Pfarrkirche St. Martin.jpg |image_caption = Kaniisadda Saint Martin |state = |region = Oberbayern |district = Eichstätt |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Nassenfels |elevation = 392 |area = 9.39 |postal_code = 85116 |area_code = 08424 |licence = EI |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 1 76 122 |website = [http://www.egweil.de www.egweil.de] |mayor = Johannes Schneider<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], accessed 19 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Egweil''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Eichstätt (district)|Eichstätt]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee Jarmalka. == Duqa magaalada == *2002-2014: Wunibald Koppenhofer<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/eichstaett/Egweil-In-zwoelf-Jahren-viel-investiert;art575,2907917|title=Egweil: In zwölf Jahren viel investiert|access-date=2026-08-10|archive-date=2018-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123010506/https://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/eichstaett/Egweil-In-zwoelf-Jahren-viel-investiert;art575,2907917|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Laga soo bilaabo May 2014: Johannes Schneider ([[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]) {{clear left}} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} f3otcpe02c7tdiza4zz2bys1cimfrqo 0 50639 305285 304908 2026-08-15T04:09:42Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Eulgem2.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|24|N|7|10|33|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Eulgem in COC.svg |state = |district = Cochem-Zell |Verbandsgemeinde = Kaisersesch |elevation = 415-440 |area = 3.01 |postal_code = 56761 |area_code = 02653 |licence = COC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 028 |divisions = |website = [http://www.eulgem.de/ www.eulgem.de] |mayor = Martina Geers<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Eulgem''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadaag ah – oo ku taal [[Cochem-Zell]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kaisersesch (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kaisersesch]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Kaisersesch|magaalada magaceeda la mid ah]]. == Juqraafiyada == Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Eifel]] qiyaastii 2&nbsp;km waqooyi-bari ee [[Kaisersesch]]. == Magaca == Magaca tuulada ayaa qaatay siyaabo kala duwan qarniyadii soo maray. Qiyaastii 1100, waxay ahayd ''Hylichenheim'', sanadkii 1278 ''Holichenheim'', sanadkii 1427 ''Ulchenheym'', sanadkii 1592 ''Ulchem'', sanadkii 1656/1657 ''Eulchem'' iyo sanadkii 1789 ''Eultgem''. Sida cad, magaca meesha waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ku dhammaada ''—heim'', ama ugu yaraan asal ahaan sidaas ayuu ahaa. Magacani wuxuu ku dhammaanayaa mid aad ugu caan ah meelaha lagu aas-aasay [[Franks|xilligii Faransiiska]]. Waqti ka dib, dhammaadka ''—heim'' waxaa loo musuqmaasuqay ''—em''. Werner Schumacher wuxuu bixiyaa dhowr wax soo saar oo suurtogal ah oo loogu talagalay horgalaha kala soocida, laakiin midkoodna ma hubo. Waxay noqon kartaa [[Latin]] ee [[elm]], ama laga yaabee laga bilaabo ''Olk'' ama ''Ulca'', oo macnaheedu yahay "dhulka ay shaqeyn karto qori" ama "dhulka la shaqeeyo". Schumacher sidoo kale wuxuu soo xigtay Dr. Beestermöller oo rumeysan in xididku uu noqon karo tixraac [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] ee dhulka qoyan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Municipality’s name |url=http://www.ortsgemeinde-eulgem.de/chronik.htm |access-date=2026-08-11 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719071239/http://www.ortsgemeinde-eulgem.de/chronik.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Taariikhda == Wax yar ka baxsan tuulada sida ay maanta u taagan tahay, oo u dhow durdurka, waxaa jiray warar sheegaya in laga helay wax muhiim ah, qaar ka mid ah haraaga dhagaxa ah oo laga yaabo inay tilmaameen dadkii ugu horreeyay ee deegaanka degay. Sida la og yahayse, weli lama baarin. Waxay ka iman karaan degdeg horudhac ah, beer ama warshad shidaal oo la dhisay ka hor intaysan Faransiisku la wareegin dhulka, laakiin wax xaqiiqo ah ma jiraan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prehistoric find |url=http://www.ortsgemeinde-eulgem.de/chronik.htm |access-date=2026-08-11 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719071239/http://www.ortsgemeinde-eulgem.de/chronik.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sanadkii 1100, Eulgem waxay markii ugu horreysay ku yeelatay dukumenti magaca ''Hylichenheim''. Laga bilaabo 1794, Eulgem waxay ku jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sanadkii 1815 waxaa loo qoondeeyay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay ka mid ahayd [[States of Germany|gobolka]] ee dhowaan la aas-aasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanta]] doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350202800.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa Eulgem waa Martina Geers.<ref name=mayor/> === Gacmaha jaakadda === Blazon Jarmalka ayaa akhrinaya: ''Das Wappen geteilt von Silber und Grün. Oben schräggekreuzt eine schwarze Speerspitze und ein blauer Lilienstab, in der Mitte gedeckt mit einer roten Rose. Unten eine silberne Urne, umrahmt von silbernen Steinen eines Hügelgrabes in der Vorderansicht.'' [[Coat of arms|Hubka]] degmada ee Ingiriisiga [[Heraldry|luqadda heraldic]] ayaa sida soo socota lagu tilmaami karaa: Per fess argent a spearhead sable and a staff ensigned with a fleur-de-lis azure per saltire, the whole surmounted by a rose abased gules, and vert an urn with two handles within, issuant from base, the stones of a barrow, all of the first. Sanka waranka waa shay dhab ah oo laga helay [[Tumulus|barrow]] oo ka socda [[La Tène culture|La Tène times]] 1906. Shaqaalaha liilku waa [[Saint Anne]] s sifo, sidaas darteed matalaya tirada ahayd awowga ilaaliyaha degmada qarniyo badan. Sanadkii 1278, Convent [[Cistercian]] ee u dhow Rosenthal, oo xajinteeda gacanta ay ahayd ubaxa, sidaas darteed waxay sharraxaysaa [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] ka sarraysa labada kale, waxay dakhli ka soo saaraysay beeraha degmada. Barrow iyo urn waxay u taagan yihiin taariikhda hore ee deegaanka iyo taariikhda hore - waxaa jira 28 La Tène barrows oo ku yaal aagga cadastral ee loo yaqaan "Beulhöchst", iyo [[AncientRome|Roman]] kale oo ku jira [[municipal forest]]. Hubka ayaa la siteeyay ilaa 4 Febraayo 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Description and explanation of Eulgem’s arms |url=http://www.ortsgemeinde-eulgem.de/wapp.htm |access-date=2026-08-11 |archive-date=2011-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719071310/http://www.ortsgemeinde-eulgem.de/wapp.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indheynta == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo ku qoran [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]'s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * [[Saint Anne]] s [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church (kaniisadda laanta; ''Filialkirche St. Anna''), Hauptstraße 15 – leben leben [[aisleless church]], 1900/1901, naqshadeeye Lambert von Fisenne, [[Gelsenkirchen]] * Isha; [[basalt]], laga bilaabo 1858 * Düngenheimerstraße/geeska Hambucher Straße – [[chapel]], [[Pietà]]; iskutallaabta macaamiisha, laga bilaabo 1760 * Sängerweg/geeska Hauptstraße – iskutallaabta wadada, jajab, 1624 * On ''Kreisstraße'' (District Road) 21, oo u socota [[Hambuch]] – ''Heiligenhäuschen'' (qaab dhismeed yar oo xus ah oo loogu talagalay quduus ama quduusiin), qayb ahaan [[Timber framing|timber-frame]]; iskutallaab, laga bilaabo 1830 * Waqooyiga Eulgem – iskutallaabta wadada, laga bilaabo 1727 * Waqooyiga Eulgem – iskutallaabta wadada, qarnigii 18-aad<ref>[https://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Cochem-Zell district]</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} *[http://www.eulgem.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 944pcgv2ffscvsmnb2qju5ulsa9xhms 0 50667 305286 304963 2026-08-15T04:11:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location <!--was "Infobox Town DE"--> |name = Filsum |name_local = |image_coa = |image_plan = Filsum in LER.svg |state = |regbzk = |district = [[Leer (district)|Leer]] |Samtgemeinde = Jümme |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03457008 |area = 23.76 |elevation = |coordinates = {{coord|53|14|N|7|38|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |postal_code = 26849 |area_code = 04957 |licence = LER |mayor = Georg Gathen |party = CDU |website = [http://www.filsum.de/ filsum.de] }} '''Filsum''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] yar oo ku taal degmada [[Leer (district)|Leer]], oo ku taal waqooyi-galbeed [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Degmadu waxay taal qiyaastii 30&nbsp;km xadka [[Netherlands]], iyo 50&nbsp;km halka uu xeebta kaga biiro [[North Sea]]. Waa hoyga '[[Natural horsemanship|horse whisperer]]' iyo [[bonesetter]], [[Tamme Hanken]]. == Duqa magaalada == Gerhard Bruns (CDU) waxaa loo doortay 2016 duqa magaalada sharafta leh ee Filsum.<ref>[http://buergerinfo.juemme.de/kp0040.php?__kgrnr=3 Gemeinderat Filsum] {{Wayback|url=http://buergerinfo.juemme.de/kp0040.php?__kgrnr=3 |date=20161229090321 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229090321/http://buergerinfo.juemme.de/kp0040.php?__kgrnr=3 |date=2016-12-29 }}, retrieved 29. December 2016.</ref> Wuxuu bedelay Margret Schulte-Cramer (CDU),<ref>[http://www.oz-online.de/-news/artikel/50039 OZ-Online: Eine glasklare Sache für die CDU], retrieved 29. Dezember 2016.</ref> waxay xafiiska joogtay 2011-2016. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.filsum.de German Language site for the municipality] * [[:de:Filsum|German Wikipedia]] {{Authority control}} k5ll4ujt4zvvexx2fww9yxec4mi0lnz 0 50678 305287 304975 2026-08-15T04:12:19Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Fischen im Allgäu COA.svg |image_photo = Fischen (Allgäu).jpg |image_caption = Fischen |coordinates = {{coord|47|27|N|10|16|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Fischen im Allgäu in OA.svg |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Oberallgäu |elevation = 761 |area = 13.57 |postal_code = 87538 |area_code = 08326 |licence = OA |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 80 121 |mayor = Bruno Sauter<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU |website = [http://www.fischen.de www.fischen.de] }} '''Fischen im Allgäu''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfɪʃn̩ ʔɪm ˈʔalɡɔʏ}}, {{lit|Fischen in the [[Allgäu]]}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Oberallgäu]] ee [[Bavaria]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikhda == Intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II]], xero hoose oo ka tirsan [[Dachau concentration camp]] ayaa ku tiil halkan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.glosk.com/GM/Linde/17283/pages/List_of_subcamps_of_Dachau/84737_en.htm |title=Linde, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - Pages - glosk |accessdate=November 1, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-date=Bisha Labaad 9, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209000835/http://www.glosk.com/GM/Linde/17283/pages/List_of_subcamps_of_Dachau/84737_en.htm }}</ref> == Tixraac == <references/> {{Authority control}} g99lmn6u948h1jmw0igtjwjattx29fo 0 50680 305288 304977 2026-08-15T04:13:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Gemeinde |name = Flieden |image_coa = DEU Flieden COA.svg |image_photo = Blick von der Steinkammer auf den Ort Rückers.JPG |image_caption = Tuulada Rückers, oo qayb ka ah Flieden |coordinates = {{coord|50|25|N|09|34|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Flieden in FD.svg |state = |region = Kassel |district = Fulda |elevation = 280 - 508 |area = 49.65 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 06631008 |postal_code = 36103 |area_code = 0 66 55 |licence = FD |divisions = 9 districts |website = [http://www.flieden.de www.flieden.de] |mayor = Christian&nbsp;Henkel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statistik.hessen.de/sites/statistik.hessen.de/files/2022-10/direktwahlen_09_2022_10102022.xlsx|title=Ergebnisse der letzten Direktwahl aller hessischen Landkreise und Gemeinden|language=de|date=5 September 2022|publisher=[[Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt]]|format=XLS}}</ref> |leader_term = 2018&ndash;24 |party = CDU |year = before 806 }} '''Flieden''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Fulda (district)|Fulda]], ee [[Hesse]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Sida caadiga ah loogu yeero "Königreich" (Boqortooyo), waxaa laga yaabaa inay muujiso taaj ku yaal jaakaddeeda hubka. == Juqraafiga == Flieden waxay ku taal dooxada waqooyi galbeed ee [[Landrücken]] u dhaxeysa [[Vogelsberg Mountains|Vogelsberg]] iyo [[Rhön]]. Waa aag buuro hoose ah oo leh kor u kaca ugu sarreysa ee ah ''Knöschen'' u dhow Buchenrod (509&nbsp;m) iyo ''Storker Küppel'' u dhow Oberstork (470&nbsp;m). Bartamaha Flieden webiyada yar yar ''Magdloser Wasser'' und ''Kautzer Wasser'' waxay ku biiraan webiga [[Fliede]] kaas oo hadhow ku qulqula [[Fulda (river)|Fulda]]. Waqooyiga Flieden waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Neuhof, Hesse|Neuhof]] iyo bariga [[Kalbach]] labadaba degmada Fulda. Koonfurta iyo galbeedka Flieden waxay xuduud la leedahay [[Schlüchtern]] iyo [[Steinau an der Straße]] ([[Main-Kinzig-Kreis]]). Marka laga reebo degmada ugu weyn, Flieden waxay ka kooban tahay degmooyinka Berishof, Buchenrod, Döngesmühle, Federwisch, Fuldaische Höfe, Höf und Haid, Katzenberg, Kautz, Kellerei, Keutzelbuch, Langenau, Laugendorf, Leimenhof, Magdlos, [[Rückers]], Schweben, Stork (Ober- and Unterstork), Storker Hof, Struth iyo Weinberg. == Taariikhda == 806 Flieden waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay “Mark Flieden” deeq deeqeed oo la siiyay kaniisadda Fulda. Qarniyadii Dhexe Flieden waxay ku taalay [[Via Regia]] oo ka timid [[Frankfurt am Main]] ilaa [[Leipzig]] taas oo ahayd waddo dalka iyo militariga aad muhiim ugu ahayd [[Holy Roman Empire]]. 1868, [[Flieden station]] waxaa la furay [[Kinzig Valley Railway (Hesse)|Kinzig Valley Railway]]. Buuraha u dhexeeya Flieden iyo Schlüchtern waxay markii hore horseedeen go'aanka ah in la dhiso khadka [[Zig zag (railway)|zig zag]] si looga fogaado dhismaha qiyaastii 4&nbsp;km oo dherer ah oo marin biyood ah. Tani waxay u baahan tahay dhammaan tareenada mara inay ku noqdaan Elm, taas oo keentay in ciriirigu kordho iyadoo taraafikada ay kordhiso isku xirka [[Flieden–Gemünden railway]] ee khadka Elm 1873. Tiknoolajiyada dhismaha qodista ayaa si weyn u fiicnaatay bilowgii qarnigii 20-aad, gaar ahaan helitaanka kordhay ee [[dynamite]]. Sida 1909 dhismaha marin-biyoodka Schlüchtern ayaa billowday Distelrasen hoostiisa; waxaa la dhammeeyay 14 Feebarwari 1914 waxaana la geliyay hawlgalka 1 May. 2009 tuubo labaad ayaa la furay waxaana marin-biyoodkii hore hadda dib loogu dhisayaa marin-biyood hal-jid ah. Dhamaadkii [[World War II]] qiyaastii 1000&nbsp;[[displaced persons]] oo ka yimid [[former eastern territories of Germany]] ayaa ku degay Flieden.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} === Tirakoobka === {| class="wikitable" |- class="hintergrundfarbe6" ! style="padding: 0 1.5em;" | Sanadka ! Dadka ! Fiiro gaar ah |- ! 1000 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | | style="font-size: 80%;" | 14 ''Liden'' and 23 ''Dreitagsfröner'' |- ! 1512 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | | style="font-size: 80%;" | 3 deganayaal |- ! 1516 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | | style="font-size: 80%;" | 93 deriska ah |- ! 1708 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 596 | |- ! 1791 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 2943 | style="font-size: 80%;" | approx. later large-scale community |- ! 1983 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 7846 | style="font-size: 80%;" | from now on a large-scale community |- ! 2004 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 8811 | |- ! 2005 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 8840 | |- ! 2006 | style="text-align: center; background-color: #f5faff;" | 8755 | |- ! 2007 | class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" | 8717 | |- ! 2008 | class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" | 8814 | |- ! 2009 | class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="text-align: center;" | 8644 | |} == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.findcity.de/cgi-bin/start.pl?M=36103pb Map of Flieden] {{Wayback|url=http://www.findcity.de/cgi-bin/start.pl?M=36103pb |date=20070927041724 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041724/http://www.findcity.de/cgi-bin/start.pl?M=36103pb |date=2007-09-27 }} (German) {{Authority control}} 3yt4had5kgxgfxvj6c7lf7x674ojm19 0 50683 305289 304980 2026-08-15T04:14:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Frankfurt-Flughafen |type = Quarter |City = Frankfurt am Main |coordinates = {{coord|50|03|40|N|08|33|51|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankfurt Stadtteil Flughafen.svg |plantext = Goobta ay ku taal Flughafen ('cas') iyo Ortsbezirk Süd ('cas khafiif ah') oo ku taal Frankfurt am Main |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = urban |elevation = |area = 20 |postal_code = 60549 |area_code = 069 |licence = F }} '''Frankfurt-Flughafen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfluːkˌhaːfn̩|-|De-Flughafen2.ogg}}, {{lit|Airport}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan [[Frankfurt am Main]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay qayb ka tahay ''[[Ortsbezirk (Frankfurt am Main)|Ortsbezirk]] Süd'' waxaana loo qaybiyaa ''Stadtbezirke'' Unterwald iyo Flughafen. Frankfurt-Flughafen waxay ka kooban tahay dhulka garoonka diyaaradaha oo dhan ee [[Frankfurt Airport]] taas oo degmada loogu magac daray. Iyadoo ay joogaan kaliya 218 deganayaal ah waa degmada ugu dadka yar (iyo ugu dadka yar cufnaanta) laakiin iyadoo ay ka shaqeeyaan 71,500 oo qof oo ku sugan ilaa 500 oo shirkadood oo garoonka ah (2010) waxay sidoo kale tahay degmada leh shaqaalaha ugu badan. Cilladaha tirakoobka awgeed, waxay sidoo kale haysataa [[per capita income]] ee ugu sarreysa magaalada. Frankfurt-Flughafen waa degmada labaad ee ugu weyn xagga aagga ka dib [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)|Sachsenhausen]]. Waxay si buuxda u hareereysan tahay [[Frankfurt City Forest]]. Frankfurt-Flughafen kama maqna [[infrastructure]]: Degmada dhexdeeda waxaa ku yaal laba [[train station]] ([[Frankfurt Airport regional station]] iyo [[Frankfurt Airport long-distance station]]), dhowr hoteel, isbitaal, [[place of worship|goobaha cibaadada]] ee dhammaan [[major religious groups]], maqaaxiyo badan (oo ay ku jirto tan ugu weyn Yurub [[McDonald's]]) iyo dukaamo. == Dhaqaalaha == [[File:Einweihung der Condor Zentrale in Gateway Gardens (7138403399).jpg|thumb|Gateway Gardens, head office of [[Condor Airlines]] and [[SunExpress Deutschland]]]] Dhowr shirkadood waxay xafiiskooda ama xafiisyadooda ku leeyihiin aagga dhexdiisa, tusaale ahaan [[Fraport]] (hawlwadeenka garoonka), [[Lufthansa]], [[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]] iyo [[Star Alliance]]. Dhulka garoonka iyo aagga ku xeeran ee Garoonka Diyaaradaha Frankfurt waxay bixiyaan noocyo kala duwan oo ganacsiyo garoonka dhexdiisa ah iyo sidoo kale ganacsiyo la xiriira garoonka, sida meelaha xafiisyada, hoteelada, meelaha dukaamaysiga, qolalka shirarka iyo meelaha baabuurta la dhigto. Horumarinta [[airport city]] ayaa si weyn kor ugu kacday sannadihii ugu dambeeyay. === Sheraton Hotel & Conference Center === [[Sheraton Hotels and Resorts]] waxay bixisaa 1,008 qolal marti ah oo ku xiga Terminal 1 iyo [[Convention center|xarun shirarka]] oo qaadaysa ilaa 200 oo ergay. === Frankfurt Airport Centers === The Frankfurt Airport Center 1 (FAC 1) oo u dhow Terminal 1 waxay bixisaa xafiisyo iyo tas-hiilaad shirarka, FAC 2 ee cusub waxay ku taal Terminal 2 dhexdeeda waxayna bixisaa meel xafiiseed oo loogu talagalay diyaaradaha. === Airport City Mall === The Airport City Mall waxay taal [[landside]] ee Terminal 1, hoolka bixitaanka B. Wax waxay bixisaa dukaamo tafaariiq ah oo qaran iyo kuwo caalami ah iyo dukaamo calaamado ah, supermarket iyo maqaaxiyo dhowr ah. === The Squaire === {{Main|The Squaire}} The Squaire waa dhisme xafiiseed oo leh wadarta guud ee dabaqa ah {{convert|140000|m2|sqft|-2|abbr=on}}. Waxaa si toos ah loogu xiray Terminal 1 iyada oo loo marayo marin isku xira oo loogu talagalay dadka lugeeya. Shirkadda xisaabaadka [[KPMG]], Lufthansa iyo laba [[Hilton Hotels & Resorts|Hilton Hotels]] (Hilton Garden Inn Frankfurt Airport <ref>https://www.hilton.com/en/hotels/fraapgi-hilton-garden-inn-frankfurt-airport/ Official Website</ref> oo leh 334 qolal iyo [[Hilton Frankfurt Airport]] oo leh 249 qolal) waxay degan yihiin boos ku yaal The Squaire. === Main Airport Center === The Main Airport Center, oo loogu magac daray [[Main (river)|webiga Main]], waa dhisme xafiiseed oo leh toban dabaq iyo ku dhowaad {{convert|51000|m2|sqft|-2|abbr=on}} oo ah boos xafiiseed. Waxay taal cidhifka Frankfurt City Forrest oo u dhow Terminal 2. === Gateway Gardens === Gateway Gardens, oo ka gudubta ''[[Bundesautobahn 3]]'' ee ka timaada [[Frankfurt Airport]],<ref name=Fairplay>"[http://www.fraport.com/cms/investor_relations/dokbin/291/291838.sustainability_report_2007.pdf Fairplay Sustainability Report 2007] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fraport.com/cms/investor_relations/dokbin/291/291838.sustainability_report_2007.pdf |date=20110725043622 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725043622/http://www.fraport.com/cms/investor_relations/dokbin/291/291838.sustainability_report_2007.pdf |date=25 July 2011 }}." [[Fraport]]. 6. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> oo u dhow Terminal 2, waa aag hoy oo hore u ahaa [[United States Air Force]] shaqaalaha ka hawlgala [[Rhein-Main Air Base]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}<!--These details are unsourced--> Ka hor dib-u-horumarintiisa, dhulka Gateway Gardens wuxuu haystay hoy qoysaska ku sugan saldhig ciidan oo Mareykanka ah.<ref name=Fairplay/> Sida saldhigga cirka, aagga hoyga waxaa la xiray 2005.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} Laga soo bilaabo markaas aagga waxaa loo horumarinayaa goob ganacsi oo loogu talagalay shirkadaha la xiriira garoonka. Lufthansa waxay u rartay [[Airline meal|cunnada diyaaradda]] hoos timaada [[LSG Sky Chefs]] ilaa Gateway Gardens, [[Condor Flugdienst]] iyo [[SunExpress Deutschland]] waa xarunteeduna tahay halkan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sunexpress.com/en/imprint/|title=Imprint|publisher=[[SunExpress]]|accessdate=2019-07-15|quote=SunExpress Gateway Gardens De-Saint-Exupéry-Straße 10 D-60549 Frankfurt am Main}}</ref> [[DB Schenker]], shirkadda saadka ee [[Deutsche Bahn]], ayaa hadda dhisaysa dhisme dheer oo gaaraya {{convert|66|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} Jannaayo 2010 Condor waxay qabatay dhagax-dhigista Gateway Gardens. Ralf Teckentrup, madaxa fulinta ee Condor, ayaa sheegay in xarunta cusub ay hawlaha shirkadda diyaaradaha u dhowayn doonto Garoonka Diyaaradaha Frankfurt. 380 shaqaale dhulka ah ayaa ka shaqayn doona dhismaha, tababarrada duulimaadka ka hor ee ku dhowaad 2,000 oo kaaliyeyaasha duulimaadka ah ayaa lagu qaban doonaa dhismaha.<ref name=Fairplay/> Groß & Partner iyo OFB Projektentwicklung ayaa horumariyay xarunta toddobada dabaq ah.<ref>"[http://www.gateway-gardens.de/en/areal/real_estate/condor.html CONDOR FLUGDIENST GMBH] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gateway-gardens.de/en/areal/real_estate/condor.html |date=20110725081316 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725081316/http://www.gateway-gardens.de/en/areal/real_estate/condor.html |date=25 July 2011 }}." Gateway Gardens. Retrieved on 28 May 2011.</ref> Dhismaha {{convert|14600|sqm|sqft|adj=on}} wuxuu ku yaal inta u dhaxeysa beerta iyo barxadda dhexe, ee aagga "Quartier Mondo" ee Gateway Gardens. Waxay leedahay xarunta shirkadda Condor, xarun tababar iyo waxbarasho oo leh [[flight simulator]], iyo xarunta hawlaha duulimaadka ee shirkadda diyaaradaha. {{convert|2700|sqm|sqft}} dhismaha waxaa ku jira qaybo yar yar oo kiraysan kiraystayaasha kale iyo maqaaxi iyo maqaaxi dabaqa koowaad ee dhismaha. Dhismaha waxaa la furay gu'gii 2012.<ref name="NewHQ">"[http://www.fraport.de/cms/produkte_services/dokbin/446/446743.aviation_world_1_2011.pdf Construction of Condor’s new headquarters begin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fraport.de/cms/produkte_services/dokbin/446/446743.aviation_world_1_2011.pdf |date=20110524030033 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030033/http://www.fraport.de/cms/produkte_services/dokbin/446/446743.aviation_world_1_2011.pdf |date=2011-05-24 }}." ''Aviation World''. [[Fraport]]. January 2011. 15. Retrieved on May 28, 2011.</ref> <gallery> File:AirportFrankfurt fromair 2010-09-19.jpg|Frankfurt Airport from the air (2010) File:Zeichen 310 - Ortstafel Flughafen, Frankfurt am Main, 2007.jpg|Welcome sign to the district File:The Squaire, Frankfurt am Main-1060.jpg|Office building [[The Squaire]] File:Frankfurter (Main) Flughafen Regionalbahnhof- auf Bahnsteig zu Gleis 3- S-Bahn Rhein-Main 420 227-8 18.10.2009.jpg|Frankfurt Airport regional station </gallery> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons|Flughafen Frankfurt am Main}} {{Wiktionary|Flughafen}} {{Portal|Germany}} *[http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/detail.php?id=3556 Frankfurt-Flughafen at Frankfurt.de] {{DEFAULTSORT:Flughafen (Frankfurt Am Main)}} n65dvl42mmusyj8dybv7p8epvwo58a9 0 50696 305290 304996 2026-08-15T04:14:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Frankeneck.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|22|35|N|8|2|55|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankeneck in DÜW.svg |image_photo = Frankeneck.JPG |image_caption = Frankeneck Railway halt |state = |district = Bad Dürkheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Lambrecht (Pfalz) |elevation = 173 |area = 4.76 |postal_code = 67468 |area_code = 06353 |licence = DÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 32 018 |website = [https://www.frankeneck.de/ www.frankeneck.de] |mayor = Marco Fränzel<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bad Dürkheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister |party = SPD }} '''Frankeneck''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiga == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Palatinate Forest]] oo ku taal isgoysyada Speyerbach iyo Hochspeyerbach. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Lambrecht (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Lambrecht]], oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada [[Lambrecht, Rhineland-Palatinate|magaca la mid ah]]. == Taariikhda == Degmada waxaa la aasaasay 1785. === Diinta === 2007, 44.9% dadka deggan waxay ahaayeen [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] iyo 29.2% [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]]. Inta kale waxay ka tirsanaayeen diimaha kale ama ma aanay raacin waxna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KommWis, Stand: 31. Dezember 2007 |url=http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm |access-date=2026-08-12 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133331/http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. Doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinka soo socda:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3320501800.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center" | || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || '''Wadarta''' |- align="center" | 2009 || 8 || 4 || 12 seats |- align="center" | 2004 || 8 || 4 || 12 seats |} === Jaakadda hubka === Qoraalka Jarmalka ayaa u akhrinaya sida soo socota: ''Durch eine blaue Wellendeichsel, oben rechts in Rot ein schwebendes blaues Beil mit goldenem Stiel, oben links in Rot ein schwebender blauer Forstsichelhaken mit goldenem Stiel, unten in Silber eine blaubereifte rote Bütte mit silbernem Inhalt, davor stehend ein rotes Rührsieb.'' [[Coat of arms|Hubka]] degmada ee Ingiriiska [[Heraldry|heraldic]] luqadda waxaa lagu sifeeyn karaa sidan: A pall reversed wavy azure, dexter gules an axe palewise of the first helved Or, the head to chief and the edge to sinister, sinister gules a forester’s bill palewise of the first helved of the third, the head to chief and the hook to dexter, in base argent issuant from base a vat of the second hooped of the first with contents of the field, surmounted by a stirring sieve palewise of the second issuant from base, the handle to base. Hubkan waxaa ansixiyay 1951 Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Mainz, waxayna dib ugu noqonayaan shaabad maxkamadeed oo laga soo bilaabo 1733. [[charge (heraldry)|Astaamaha]] waxay xasuusinayaan in degmada la aasaasay tuulo qoryaha jaraysa.<ref>Karl Heinz Debus: ''Das große Wappenbuch der Pfalz.'' Gräber, Neustadt an der Weinstraße 1988, {{ISBN|3-9801574-2-3}}.</ref> === Iskaashiga magaalooyinka === Frankeneck waxay kobcisaa iskaashiga meelaha soo socda: *{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Tenbury Wells]], [[Worcestershire]], [[England|Ingiriiska]], [[United Kingdom|Boqortooyada Midowday]] *{{flagicon|France}} “Les Thuits” ([[Le Thuit-Signol]], [[Le Thuit-Anger]] and [[Le Thuit-Simer]]), [[Eure]], [[France|Faransiiska]] == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Matxafyada === Frankeneck, [[heritage railway]], ''Kuckucksbähnel'', waxay leedahay joogsi. Tareenku wuxuu ku socdaa xariiq u dhexaysa [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] iyo [[Elmstein]]. Sidoo kale waxaa ku yaal matxaf samaynta warqadaha iyo taariikhda maxalliyadeed oo wata bandhigyo ku saabsan taariikhda maxalliga ah iyo horumarinta warshadaha warqadaha ee maxalliga ah. === Isboortiga iyo firaaqada === TV Frankeneck (kooxda ciyaaraha) waxay bixisaa [[Association football|kubadda cagta]] iyo jimicsiga. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira koox heesaha ah iyo kooxo kale oo badan. == Dadka caanka ah == === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * Walter Faller, siyaasiga SPD == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commonscatinline}} *{{Official|https://www.frankeneck.de/ }} {{Authority control}} ewf7z3j3aak2ufdmuyhtuii4b24h9ah 0 50818 305245 305176 2026-08-14T19:57:18Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bawlos ee Tarsos''' (asalkiisii hore: '''Sawlos ee Tarsos''') wuxuu ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaashii iyo mufakiriintii ugu saamaynta badnaa ee faafiyey [[Kirishtaan|diinta Kirishtaanka]] qarnigii koowaad ee miilaadiga. Isagoo dhashay isagoo haysta dhalashada [[Dowladdii Roomaanka|dowladdii Roomaanka]] isla markaana ku barbaaray sharciga adag ee [[Yuhuud|Yuhuudda]], wuxuu bilowgii ahaa mid dhibaateeya raacsanayaashii ugu horreeyey ee [[Ciise]], laakiin ka dib dhacdo uu kala kulmay jidka [[Dimishiq]], wuxuu maray isbeddel radikal ah oo uu ku qaatay diinta Kirishtaanka.<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/waraaqihii-rasuul-bawlos-qoray</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Bawlos ee Tarsos | image = ElGrecoPaul (cropped).jpg | size_image = 250px | alt = Saint Paul | comment = Rasuulkii Bawlos | naynaas = Rasuulkii Quruumaha | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 5 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = [[Tarsos]], [[Kilikia]] ([[Turkiga]] maanta) | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 64 ama 67 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Roma]], [[Dowladdii Roomaanka]] | ka_sharfan = [[Kirishtaan|Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = c. 33 - 36 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = Jidka ku yaal [[Dimishiq]] | meesha_ugu_weyn = [[Kaniisad]]aha qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka | taariikh_la_xuso = 29 [[Juun]] | astaamo = Seef iyo Buug (kitaab) | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Marka laga eego dhanka cilmi-baadhista, muhiimaddiisa ugu weyn waxay ahayd inuu ahaa qofka u weynaa ee farriinta Masiixiyadda gaadhsiiyey meel ka baxsan bulshada Yuhuudda, isagoo u tegey quruumaha kale ee ku noolaa hareeraha [[Badda Mediterranean-ka|badda Mediterranean-ka]]. Wuxuu qoray waraaqo badan (Waraaqihii) oo markii hore ku qornaa [[Luqadda Giriigga|luqadda Giriigga]], kuwaas oo hadda ka mid ah [[Axdiga Cusub]] ee [[Kitaabka Quduuska ah]]; toddoba ka mid ah qoraalladaas waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay kuwo gabi ahaanba sax ah oo isagu uu leeyahay, taas oo ka dhigaysa qoraalladiisa ilaha ugu qadiimsan ee laga heli karo bilowgii Masiixiyadda iyo aasaaska falsafada reer Galbeedka. == Waraaqihii == '''Waraaqihii rasuul Bawlos qoray''' waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah qoraallada [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waraaqahan waxaa loo qoray kaniisado iyo shakhsiyaad kala duwan, waxaana lagu magacaabaa waraaqaha Bawlos ama waraaqaha Bawlos qoray. Waxay ka mid yihiin:<ref>https://www.noloshacusub.com/kitaabka-quduuska-ah/axdiga-cusub/waraaqihii-rasuul-bawlos-qoray</ref> * [[Rooma]] * [[1 Korintos]] * [[2 Korintos]] * [[Galatiya]] * [[Efesos]] * [[Filiboy]] * [[Kolosay]] * [[1 Tesaloniika]] * [[2 Tesaloniika]] * [[1 Timoteyos]] * [[2 Timoteyos]] * [[Tiitos]] * [[Filemon]] == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Dimishiq]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references /> [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] fulq58h4z9c8yhvg0mgpyh2in8nm8tq 0 50819 305202 305178 2026-08-14T16:25:33Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|Ciise Masiix iyo Afarta Injiileyste]] Injiilka waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]], kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda [[Ciise]] Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == reowdkntxryxe2m0v77ksujyb7bjp61 305204 305202 2026-08-14T16:36:01Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|Ciise Masiix iyo Afarta Injiileyste]] Injiilka waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]], kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda [[Ciise]] Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]</ref> == Afarta Injiil == === Aragtida Masiixiyiinta === Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn (apocryphal gospels) sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://www.jw.org/es/biblioteca/?contentLanguageFilter=so</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == mb6614hevlnt01nmdkcs4ujtrmutzf4 305205 305204 2026-08-14T16:37:18Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|Ciise Masiix iyo Afarta Injiileyste]] Injiilka waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]], kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda [[Ciise]] Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]</ref> == Afarta Injiil == === Aragtida Masiixiyiinta === Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://www.jw.org/es/biblioteca/?contentLanguageFilter=so</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == e8ogolsg5kfzyhe8iwv8wj2tx0kd23h 305244 305205 2026-08-14T19:52:07Z Comendador Sombra 46943 305244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Codex Bruchsal 1 01v cropped.jpg|thumb|Ciise Masiix iyo Afarta Injiileyste]] Injiilka waa afarta buug ee ugu horreeya [[Axdiga Cusub]], kuwaas oo ka warrama nolosha, waxbaridda, dhimashada iyo sarakicidda [[Ciise]] Masiix. Waxay yihiin qoraallada aasaasiga ah ee ka marag kaca nolosha iyo adeegga Ciise Masiix, waxaana kala qoray Matayos, Markos, Luukos iyo Yooxanaa. Inkasta oo mararka qaarkood [[Axdiga Cusub]] lagu magcaabo Injiil, haddana waxaa si gaar ah eraygan loogu yeeraa mid walba oo ka mid ah afarta qoraal ee ugu horreeya Axdiga Cusub.<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/wargeysyada/maxaa-cusub/farriinta-kitaabka/masiixii-baa-imaadday/ Masiixii Baa Imaadday]</ref> == Afarta Injiil == === Aragtida Masiixiyiinta === Afarta Injiil ee qaanuuniga ah waa buugaagta ugu muhiimsan ee Axdiga Cusub ee Baybalka, kuwaas oo sheega nolosha, baridda, iskutallaabta, iyo sarakicidda Ciise Masiix. Afartaas buug waa: Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Buuggan waxaa la qoray qarnigii koowaad miilaadiga, dhowr iyo toban sano kadib dhimashada iyo sarakicidda Ciise. Qoraayaashu waxay ahaayeen xertiisii ama dad si dhow ula socday kuwaas.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> * Injiilka Markos ayaa la aaminsan yahay inuu yahay kii ugu horreeyay oo la qoray, qiyaastii sannadkii 60–70 M. * Matayos iyo Luukos waxay raaceen, iyagoo isticmaalay qoraallo hore iyo xasuus dadkii yaqaanay Ciise. * Yooxanaa wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay, waxaana la qoray ku dhowaad 90–100 M, isagoo ka tarjumaaya aragti diineed qoto dheer oo ku saabsan ilaahnimada Ciise. Mid kasta oo ka mid ahi wuxuu leeyahay qaab iyo ujeeddo gaar ah:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> * Matayos wuxuu xooga saarayaa muujinta Ciise sida Masiixii ay Yuhuuddu sugayeen. * Markos wuxuu diiradda saarayaa ficillada iyo mucjisooyinka Ciise. * Luukos wuxuu muujinayaa jacaylka Ilaah iyo raxmaddiisa guud ee dadka oo dhan. * Yooxanaa wuxuu xoogga saarayaa xidhiidhka ruuxiga ah ee Ciise iyo Ilaah, isagoo Ciise ku tilmaamaya “Ereyga Ilaah ee jidh noqday.” Qarnigii labaad iyo kii saddexaad, kaniisadaha kala duwan ee dunida Masiixiyiinta waxay isticmaaleen qoraallo kala duwan oo ka warramaya Ciise. Waxaa jiray qoraallo kale oo loo yaqaan Injiillada aan qaanuuniga ahayn sida Injiilka Tomas, Filibos, iyo Maryan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, afarta Injiil ee Matayos, Markos, Luukos, iyo Yooxanaa ayaa si joogto ah loo isticmaalayay dhammaan kaniisadaha waaweyn, waxayna heleen kalsooni guud sababtoo ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo la xiriira xertiisii Ciise iyo baritaankiisa dhab ah.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Markii la gaaray [[:en:First_Council_of_Nicaea|Shirka Diimeed ee Nikaaya]] sannadkii 325 M, shirkaas diimeed ma ahayn mid lagu doortay Injiillada, sababtoo ah afartaas buug hore ayaa la aqoonsaday oo kaniisaduhu ay isticmaali jireen qarniyo ka hor. Shirku wuxuu diiradda saaray arrimo caqiido, gaar ahaan xiriirka Ciise iyo Ilaah.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210622015451/https://www.wordplanet.org/so/index.htm</ref> Masiixiyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in qoraalladan ay ku qoran yihiin hagid Ruuxa Quduuska ah, sidaas darteedna ay yihiin “Ereyga Ilaah.” Dhammaan laamihii kala duwanaa ee Masiixiyadda — Katoolik, Ortodoks, iyo Protestant — waxay wada aqoonsan yihiin afartaas Injiil inay yihiin saldhigga ugu weyn ee Baybalka iyo rumaysadka Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://www.jw.org/es/biblioteca/?contentLanguageFilter=so</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references /> [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] p0dqto6xo170kuqsaoklin985raaytk 0 50820 305253 2026-08-14T21:15:26Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 Maryam (Masiixiyad) 305253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] m1dkn3dknbylgboxb2p804febj1jmu4 305254 305253 2026-08-14T21:16:46Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref>{{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryan | image = | size_image = 250px | alt = Maryan | comment = Maryan | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = | goobta_dhalashada = [[Naasared]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = | goobta_dhimashada = | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn = | taariikh_la_xuso = | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }}Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] 5dbqes0lz5uq61dmim3zfdbdembycgb 305255 305254 2026-08-14T21:17:17Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> {{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryan | image = | size_image = 250px | alt = Maryan | comment = Maryan | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = | goobta_dhalashada = [[Naasared]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = | goobta_dhimashada = | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn = | taariikh_la_xuso = | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }} Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] n0vllh1nf2s3czfnte92yrk7r49dh1j 305256 305255 2026-08-14T21:17:54Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 Linkiga Cadaymaha 305256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> {{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryan | image = | size_image = 250px | alt = Maryan | comment = Maryan | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = | goobta_dhalashada = [[Naasared]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = | goobta_dhimashada = | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn = | taariikh_la_xuso = | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }} Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == j6hdafg7nvcj9g31spsaxcrvf6aedz3 305257 305256 2026-08-14T21:21:34Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> {{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryam | image =Madonna Advocata.png | size_image = 250px | alt = Madonna del Rosario | comment = Maryan | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = | goobta_dhalashada = [[Naasared]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = | goobta_dhimashada = | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn = | taariikh_la_xuso = | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }} Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == paan95vpuw8ixlrmncwdb6m8pgy7td7 305258 305257 2026-08-14T21:25:18Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> {{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryam | image = Madonna Advocata.png | size_image = 250px | alt = Maryan | comment = Madonna del Rosario | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = | goobta_dhalashada = [[Naasared]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = | goobta_dhimashada = | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn = | taariikh_la_xuso = | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }} Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == 9qfoaksifuvd3sl5me035fb77dejmwv 305259 305258 2026-08-14T21:29:40Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> {{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryam | image = Madonna Advocata.png | size_image = 250px | alt = Maryam | comment = Madonna del Rosario | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = la malaynayo c. 18 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhalashada = la malaynayo [[Naasared]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = la malaynayo c. 41–54 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = la malaynayo [[Qudus]] ama [[Efesos]] | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn = | taariikh_la_xuso = | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }} Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == hodsqe8vm4i5f7uvin3f5j5emmj1qwf 305260 305259 2026-08-14T21:36:00Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 305260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> {{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryam | image = Madonna Advocata.png | size_image = 250px | alt = Maryam | comment = Madonna del Rosario | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 m | goobta_dhalashada = [[Naasared]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 41–54 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]] ama [[Efesos]] | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn =[[Kaniisadaha]] qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka | taariikh_la_xuso =8 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }} Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == rudczzf67wdzth20msyhfu2aw3ch8jx 305262 305260 2026-08-14T21:51:18Z ~2026-44625-39 46957 Qeyhana 305262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maryam''' waa hooyadii [[Ciise]] sida lagu sheegay [[Axdiga Cusub]]. Waxay ahayd haweeney [[Yuhuuda|Yuhuud]] ah oo ka soo jeedday Naasared, waxaana [[Injiilka (Masiixiyad)|Injiillada]] Matayos iyo Luukos lagu sheegay inay Ciise ku dhashay iyadoo bikrad ah. [[Axdiga Cusub|Qoraallada Masiixiga]] waxay Maryan ku xusaan dhacdooyin dhowr ah oo la xiriira dhalashada iyo nolosha Ciise, halka Injiilka Yooxanaa iyo Falimaha Rasuulladu ay sidoo kale xusaan.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/reference/62341/reference-article-abstract/561705889</ref> {{Shaqsiyad diineed | magaca = Maryam | image = Madonna Advocata.png | size_image = 250px | alt = Maryam | comment = Madonna del Rosario | naynaas = Hooyadii Ciise | taariikhda_dhalashada = c. 4 m | goobta_dhalashada = [[Naasared]], [[Yahuudiya]] | taariikhda_dhimashada = c. 41–54 [[Miilaadi|m]] | goobta_dhimashada = [[Qudus]] ama [[Efesos]] | ka_sharfan = [[Masiixiyadda]] | taariikhda_barakayn = | goobta_barakaynta = | barkaysane = | taariikhda_lasoo_saaray = | goobta_lagasoo_saaray = | meesha_ugu_weyn =[[Kaniisadaha]] qadiimiga ah ee Mediterranean-ka | taariikh_la_xuso =8 [[Diseembar]] | astaamo = | shafeeco = | abtiris = | shaabad = | taariikh_xaram = | xaram = }} Maryam waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah shakhsiyaadka ugu muhiimsan taariikhda iyo cibaadada [[Masiixiyad|Masiixiga]]. [[Kaniisadda Kaatooligga]] iyo [[Kaniisadda Ortodoksiga|Ortodoksiga]] waxay si gaar ah u xurmeeyaan, halka dhaqamada Masiixiga qaarkood ay ka duwan yihiin fahamka iyo heerka xurmada loo hayo. Shirkii Efesos ee sannadkii 431 ayaa Maryan u aqoonsaday '''Theotokos''', oo macnaheedu yahay «Hooyada Ilaah», taas oo la xiriirta caqiidada ku saabsan qofnimada Ciise Masiix.<ref>https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/41330/chapter/352334031</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Ciise]] * [[Bawlos ee Tarsos]] * [[Axdiga Cusub]] == Linkiga Cadaymaha == <references /> [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Masiixiyad]] [[Category:Kitaabka quduska]] [[Category:Axdiga Cusub]] 9nadgh39mcpod2l4rcdea15oy4w17g3 0 50822 305298 2026-08-15T11:36:37Z ~2026-44773-82 46971 Bog cusub: [[File:Brno,_Autotec,_Tedom_venku.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] Shirkad TEDOM Shirakd czech bas kas samyanata , yuurb babburka ulus samayanta baaska 305298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brno,_Autotec,_Tedom_venku.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] Shirkad TEDOM Shirakd czech bas kas samyanata , yuurb babburka ulus samayanta baaska a2f2slsjaxhblvq3gf7u5x9rlil6tly 305299 305298 2026-08-15T11:37:29Z ~2026-44773-82 46971 305299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brno,_Autotec,_Tedom_venku.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] https://www.tedom.com/en/ Shirkad TEDOM Shirakd czech bas kas samyanata , yuurb babburka ulus samayanta baaska iyo alabka electronig iyo albaka ulus dhismoka 8i03poodt1i4ikzsymtkynecn1gs6l2 305300 305299 2026-08-15T11:39:43Z ~2026-44773-82 46971 305300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Brno,_Autotec,_Tedom_venku.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:TEDOM-400-FOX_Radlo-P1000665.JPG|thumb|right|400px|]] https://www.tedom.com/en/ Shirkad TEDOM Shirakd czech bas kas samyanata , yuurb babburka ulus samayanta baaska iyo alabka electronig iyo albaka ulus dhismoka 5wju0m2qn7lk8z7iqaqutiq6ztqwzhy