Wikipedia sowiki https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogga_Hore MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4827 305479 305291 2026-08-17T19:31:21Z Mwasoge 29030 /* Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.” */ 305479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dalalka |native_name = Jaamcada(Wddmd)Carabta<Br/>'':.جامعة الدول العربية'' |conventional_long_name = Arabic Language States’</>.: |common_name = Arabic Language States:. Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million<sup>3</sup> |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>.: |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese;: R…………….!’?..!’?’ & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; CNDNS & Ausies.!'?’& NZL; & IRLNDS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.::.::. <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/european-union</Ref>.: |- <Ref>httphttps://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * 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https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 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Midowga Ummadda Carabta: |qaaradda = [[Afrika]],[[Aasiya]] &[[]] |sawir_calan = Flag of the League of Arab States.svg |sawir_qaran = Emblem of the Arab League.svg |image_map = |astaan_calan = Arab League States'" (orthographic projection).svg |image_map = League of Arab States.png File:Map of League of Arab States countries.png |caasimadda = [[Qaahiro]]: [[Baqdaad]]: &[[Dooxa]]:.:!!`?'!!’ |luuqadaha = [[Carabi|Af-Carabi]].:([[Af-Kurdish]]).:[[Af-Ingiriis]]; &[[Turki]]; & [[Af-Urdu]]; & [[Af-Faarisi]].::• |- |caasimada = [[Qaahiro]]:; [[Madiina]]: [[Baqdaad]]: & [[Dooxa]].:•!! |- |GDP_PPP= $35.177’ Trillions’ (€29,357’ trillions) * ([[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|4th]]) |GDP_PPP_year = (2025* Est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,947.00’ |GDP_nominal = "$23.957"-$19.453’ Trillions’ |GDP_nominal_year = 2025 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,459.00.!!’ |Gini_year = |Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> |Gini = <!--number only--> |Gini_ref = |Dawladda = [[Dalalka jaamcada carabta]] |- |darajo_hogaamiye1 = [[Madaxweynaha]]:([[Sacuudi Carabiya]]):[[Salman bin 'Abd al-'Aziz Al Sa'ud]] |magac_hogaamiye1 = |- |darajo_hogaamiye2 = [[Xoghayaha Guud]]:[[Masar]]: [[Imaaraadka Carabta]]: |magac_hogaamiye2 = DR.(MR.).: Ahmed Aboul Gheit _* |MR. Syd. Gamal Abdel Nasser_* |MR. Syd. M. Husny MUBARAK _* |- |darajo_hogaamiye3 = [[Gudoomiye]]: [[Ciraaq]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye3 = (fm)MR. SADDAM HUSSAIN*.(A.M.A.)Al-Tikriti._* MR.Zine El Abidine “Ben ALI3”._* |- |darajo_hogaamiye4 = [[Guddoomiye Kuxigeen]]: [[Aljeeriya]]:-) [[Marooko]]:-) |magac_hogaamiye4 = MR.Prof. Abdelaziz B.TEFLIKHA_* MR.Syd. AlI3 A. SALEH (Al’A’Fmly.!)_* |- |sovereignty_type = '''Ka xoroobey''': |sovereignty_note = |[[Boqortooyada Ingiriiska]]''': '''[[Dawlada Cosmaniya]]''' & '''[[Faransiiska]]''': .:`~` |- |established_event1 = |established_date1 = |area = 13,953,041`* |areami² = 5,382,910`* |biyo = |population_estimate =455-425*Million³ |population_estimate_year = 2022-2025* |lacagta = |Magaca internetka = &nbsp; |wakhti = [[(UTC+0 to +4)]] |furaha_debedda = |furaha internetka = Ir,Is,& tr.!!'? |furaha telefonka = + }} <ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/arab-countries.html</Ref>.: '''Ururka Jaamacada Carabta''' ama '''Ururka Dowladda Jaamacadda Carabta''' waa Urur kulmiya wadamada carabta.Waa urur kulmiya wadamo kuyaala. [[Aasiya]] iyo [[Afrika]] iyo [[Yurub]].:. xubnaha kujira waxaa looyaqaana dawldo caraba.waa dawlado wadaaga arimo dhaqaale iyo arimo siyaasadeed. waxaana ka dhexeeya xidhiidho aad iyo aad ubadan Wadamada xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq m) iyo waliba laba qaaradood oo kala duwan: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Goobtaasi waxay ka kooban tahay lamadegalka duurka, sida Sahara. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa sidoo kale ku jira dhulal badan oo aad u sarreeya sida Dooxada Nile, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shebelle ee [[Geeska Afrika]], Buuraleyda Atlas ee Maghreb, iyo Bariiska Fertile ee sii fidiya Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Aagga ayaa ka kooban kaymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer dunida, Niilka. Qowmiyad-kala-duwan, diini ah, iyo luuqado badan. Diin-badan, Luuqado badan, & Qowmiyado kala duwan.Luuqadaha badan, Qowmiyadaha kala duwan, & Diimaha badan; oo macneheedu yahay Dhaqamada kala duwan ee wayn. Jaartarka Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano Heshiiska Jaamacadda Carabta, ayaa ah heshiiskii aasaasay ee Jaamacadda Carabta. 1945-kii la aqbalay, waxa uu dhigayaa in "Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu uu ka kooban yahay Dawladaha Carbeed ee madaxbannaan oo saxiixay Heshiiskan.". Markii hore, 1945, waxaa jiray lix xubnood oo keliya. Maanta, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ka mid yihiin saddex dal oo Afrikaan ah oo ka kala yimi qaybaha ugu waaweyn (Sudan, Algeria iyo Liibiya) iyo waddanka ugu weyn ee Bariga Dhexe (Sacuudi Carabiya). Shan waddan waxay leeyihiin xaalad kormeeree oo xaq u siinaya inay muujiyaan ra'yigooda oo ay bixiyaan talo laakiin waxay diidaan xuquuqda codbixinta. [[Jaamacadda Carab]] tu waxay u qaybsantaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, jasiiradda Carabta iyo Bariga dhow ayaa si buuxda ugu xiran hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareenada. Qeyb kale oo ka mid ah League waa dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan dawladood waxay bilaabeen inay hagaajiyaan nidaamka Nile Nile ee habka safarka si loo wanaajiyo helitaanka iyo sida ganacsi loo korsado. Nidaamka tareenada cusub ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfurta Masar ee Abu Simbel iyo waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa iyo ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee horyaalka waa Maghreb, halkaas oo 3,000 km oo gawaarida gawaarida ah ay ka socdaan magaalooyinka koonfurta ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli oo ku yaala galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afaraad ee horyaalka waa Geeska Afrika, oo wadamada xubnaha ka ah ay ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo Soomaaliya. Labadan dawladood ee Carabta ayaa kala qaybiyay kaliya toban mayl u jirta jasiiradda Carabta ee Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu bedeshaa, sida Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalkii Osama bin Laden, oo bilaabay dhisidda mashruuc ballaadhan ee mashruuca Horn Horns , kaas oo ugu dambeyntii ujeedkiisu yahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika oo leh Jasiiradda Carabta adoo adeegsanaya buundo weyn. Mashruucan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo ganacsiga qarniyadii hore ee u dhexeeyay labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee horyaalka waa jasiiradda go'doomin ee Comoros, taas oo aan ku xirnayn dawlad kale oo Carbeed ah, laakiin wali waxay la shaqaysaa xubnaha kale ee Arabic Languages. Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay hodan ku tahay khayraadka, sida saliid weyn iyo kheyraadka dabiiciga ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Warshad kale oo si joogta ah u sii kordhaysa ee Jaamacadda Carabtu waa isgaarsiin. Muddo ka yar 10 sano, shirkadaha maxaliga ah sida Orascom iyo Etisalat waxay ku guuleysteen inay tartan caalami ah sameeyaan. Horumarka dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Ururka Iskaashatada Wadamada xubnaha ka ah ayaa ka qosol badan kuwii ka soo baxay ururada yar yar ee Carabta sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC). Waxaa ka mid ah Pipeline Arab Pipeline, kaas oo gaas Masar iyo Ciraaq geyn doona [[Jordan]], [[Syria]], Lubnaan, iyo Palestine; Laga soo bilaabo 2013.:• isbeddel muuqda oo ka dhexeeya xaaladaha dhaqaale ayaa ka dhexeeya dalalka saliida ee saliida ee [[Algeria]], [[Qatar]], [[Kuwait]] iyo [[United Arab Emirates]], iyo dalalka soo koraya sida [[Comoros]], [[Jabuuti]], [[Mauritania]], [[Somaliland]] iyo [[Eratareya]] dda.!! Ururka Jaamacadda Carabtu waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu gacan ka geysto sidii loo xoojin lahaa xubnaheeda dhaqaale ahaan, iyo xallinta khilaafaadka ku lug leh dalalka xubnaha ka ah adoon weydiisan kaalmo shisheeye. Waxay leedahay lahjado xubin baarlamaan ah oo wakiil ka ah arrimaha arrimaha dibedda sida badan waxaa lagu maareyn doonaa kormeerka QM.!!'? Jaangooyada Jaamacadda Carabta [5] waxay taageertay mabda'a dhulkii Carabta iyada oo la ixtiraamayo xushmadnimada dawladaha xubnaha ka ah. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda [20] iyo guddiyada [21] waxay ku heshiiyeen Oktoobar 1951. Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953. Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabtu waxay ku saleysnaayeen labadii hay'adood ee heer qaran iyo madax-bannaanida wadamada xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta dawladnimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay ka heshay awoodeeda ka soo jeeda dabiiciga dabiiciga ah ee awooda xukunka ah si ay u ilaaliyaan awooddooda iyo madax-bannaanida go'aaminta. Intaa waxaa dheer, cabsida hodanka ah ee saboolka ah ee saboolka ah inuu la wadaagi karo hantidiisa magaca Ummadda Carabta, khilaafyada ka dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saamaynta awoodaha dibadda ee laga yaabo inay ka soo horjeedaan midnimada Carabta ayaa loo arki karaa caqabado dhinaca isdhexgalka qoto dheer ee horyaal . [[File:Camel factory Nablus December 2008.JPG|thumb|right|395px|Nablu, Palestine]] [[File:Raouda.JPG|thumb|right|View from the western side of the Hujra, [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Burial of Muhammad.jpg|thumb|right|Wall of the Burial of the Prophet Muhammed (PBHM),[[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:World Heritage Sites in the Arab World]] value: call: reading: source presentation: previous versions: Partially protected: Incomplete-document-purple.svg This entry must be completed : this entry lacks essential content. You may find details on the conversation page . You are invited to complete the missing parts and remove this message. Consider creating titles for chapters that require completion, and transfer the template to them. editing Disambiguate RTL.svg The term "Arab" redirects here. For the entry dealing with the island in the Persian Gulf, see Arab (island) . Arab Muslims Arabs & Muslims Al-Khansaa, Al-Khandi, Yohanan of Damascus, Philip the Arab, May Ziada, Asmahan, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faisal the First Al-Khansaa , Al-Khandi , Yohanan of Damascus , Philip the Arab , May Ziada , Asmahan , Gamal Abdel Nasser , Faisal the First population 425 million Main population concentrations Arab countries some of the African countries see also: [[Israeli Arabs]] Languages: Arabic: religion: Islam: Christianity: Druze religion: related ethnic groups: Celestial peoples: [[Maltese]] , [[Jews]] , [[Samaritans]] and [[Assyrians]].!!'.!!’ Distribution of the Arabic language : A single official language.!! official shared language with the majority of Arab natives.!! Official shared language due to significant minorities, history, or cultural reasons. Arabs are a people of Semitic origin and an ethnic group from the Arabian Peninsula . After the emergence of Islam in the 7th century , the Arab population spread in the Middle East and North Africa in a series of waves of migration, conquest and cultural influence. Countries where the Arabs constitute a clear majority of the population are called " Arab countries ". Today, the name is used as a nickname for the natives of these countries, whose mother tongue is Arabic and the vast majority of them are Muslim (most of them Sunni ). The most common definitions for the name Arabs in thought and literature, in academic research and in the media, are: Politically : People who are citizens of countries that are members of the Arab League (or in a broader generalization, the Arab world), but not all Arab countries are members of the Arab League and these countries also have non-Arab citizens. This definition includes over 300-450 million people. The Arab Leagues includes several African countries, such as Djibouti , Comoros and Somalia , whose Arabic is one of their official languages ​​but whose inhabitants are not Arabs at all. And there are Arabs who are not citizens of these countries (for example, in the United States , Israel and European countries). Linguistic: people whose mother tongue is Arabic , or who at least speak Arabic in their daily and personal lives, even if they did not grow up using it. This definition includes over 200 million people who speak different dialects of the Arabic language. Ethnic - Genealogical - Racial : Humans who live, or whose ancestors lived in the Arabian Peninsula and whose genetic and physical characteristics are originally characterized mainly by the original inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula . Cultural: people who see themselves as Arabs (regardless of ethnic and genealogical origins), whose culture and way of life are Arabs and are recognized as Arabs by others. The majority of Arabs are Muslims (mostly Sunnis and a minority of Shias’ and members of other minority classes), and a minority of them are Christians , Druze and others.[1] etymology: The word "Arab" in this meaning is mentioned in the Bible several times. Thus, for example, the book of Nehemiah mentions the " Arab rain " that some scholars identify with King Kedar .[2]Also in the Book of Kings, "the kings of the evening" are mentioned[3]And it seems that this phrase refers to the rulers of the Arabian Peninsula, with whom King Solomon had trade relations.[4]The word "Arab" also appears in the Bible in the meaning of the inhabitant of the steppe . In Semitic languages, as a rule, the root A.R.B carries the meanings of: west, sunset (evening), desert (Arab), mix, trade, crow and clear. All or some of them can have a connection to the origin of the name. [ source needed ] It is also possible that the name can have consonants and the origin of the name is actually in the root A.B.R. in connection with their nomadic way of life. [ source required ] In the Qur'an the word "Arab" does not appear as a noun but only as an adjective, for example, the Qur'an refers to itself as "Arab and clear" when the two attributes are related to each other. history: This chapter is lacking. Please contribute to Wikipedia and complete it . You may find details on the conversation page . BC The soldiers of the Assyrian Empire defeat "Gindibu, King of Arabia" riding a camel and his soldiers The first mention of the Arabs in writing is from an Assyrian inscription from 853 BC ( the Necessary Monolith ), in which King Shalmenser III named " Gindibu , King of Arabia" among the rulers he defeated in the Battle of Karkar . Starting from the Assyrian period and following the domestication of the camel, Arab traders played a central role In the trade between the ancient Near East and the Horn of Africa and ancient Yemen . There is evidence of trade relations of the peoples of the ancient Near East with the kingdoms of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula, the main commercial relation between them was regarding myrrh and frankincense which were used in the perfume industry and were common in the Arabian Peninsula. An ancient Arabic inscription was found in a building from the days of the First Temple in the City of David , which indicates that a Jewish official who knew the language and had relations with one of the Arab kingdoms of the time lived there. The Nabataeans migrated in a massive migration at the end of the Persian period from the north of the Arabian Peninsula towards the south of Jordan and the Negev , they conquered and assimilated the remains of the Moabites and the Ammonites and pushed the Adomites north to the south of Mount Hebron in the territories of Judea.:• After counting: As a general rule, the great empires of the ancient world did not conquer the Arabian Peninsula, unlike the rest of the Middle East, even the Sasanian Empire , which ruled the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula, did not reach the interior of the country or the western coastal region where the cities of Mecca and Medina are located - apparently for lack of interest economic in this desert region that cannot sustain fertile agriculture . Before Muhammad's time , the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were idolaters?, Christians? or Jews? (descendants of Jewish exiles from the Land of Israel and also Arabs who converted under their influence, such as the Kingdom of Hamir ).!!’ The period before Muhammad is called in Islamic literature: "The Age of Ignorance", or the "Jahiliyyah" . During this period the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula were divided into the northern tribes and the southern tribes. The tribal tradition claimed that the people of the north are the descendants of Adnan and Ishmael , while the people of the south are the descendants of a legendary figure named Qahtan . When there are those who suggest that Kakhatan is Yakattan son of the biblical past.[6]In the Arabian Peninsula , nomadic tribes ( Bedouins ) and permanent tribes lived. The permanent tribes lived in cities or deserts and engaged in agriculture or trade . Unlike them, the nomadic tribes were engaged in escorting caravans that passed through the peninsula. Later there were also Arab groups who became Christians (see: Christian Arabs). After the rise of Islam and its consolidation in the Arab kingdoms, Muhammad and his army went north towards the territories of the Byzantine Empire and the Sasanian Empire , which were in a period of depression and enjoyed a lasting peace between them. Muhammad's ambition to conquer the world known until then was blocked in the territories of the Gulf of Eilat , and although he sent a letter to the Jews of Eilat (the Byzantine "doe") in which he ordered them to accept his new religion or prepare for their death, it was precisely Muhammad who met his death three years after declaring Islam as The "religion of truth" to control the other nations. The Arab conquest of the Land of Israel brought the Arabs to the Land of Israel , but they could not defeat the Byzantine Empire and were helped by Jewish collaborators who were tired of life as an oppressed and persecuted religious and cultural minority in their country and fought alongside the Arabs against the continuation of Byzantine rule. The Arabs treated the Jews and Christians in the Land of Israel as dhimmis , while the Samaritans , whom Muhammad did not know and therefore did not mention in the Koran as monotheists , were forced to convert to Islam by the force of the sword or die, and when they refused, they almost led to their destruction. After the Arab conquest of the Middle East , Arabs who migrated from the Arabian Peninsula spread to the occupied space: The [[Levant]] , [[Egypt]] and the [[Maghreb]] Greater countries . Later in the course of history, on the one hand, the majority of the conquered peoples began to see themselves as "Arabs" as well, even if it was only a cultural issue due to the Islamization of their country and people without blood ties to the Arab conquerors, and on the other hand, the immigration of Muslim pilgrims of non-Arab origin began The lands that were conquered towards the Arabian Peninsula for religious reasons etc. were assimilated into the local Arab population. The Arab-Muslim conquest also expanded into Europe , with the conquest of Spain by the Moors .!!'?'! see also Islam: Judaism-Islam relations; Israeli Arabs: for further reading: Bernard Lewis , The Arabs in History , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing , 1995. Albert Hourani , History of the Arab Nations , Tel Aviv: Dvir Publishing, 1996. Pierre Vidal-Naka (ed.), From the Arab Conquest to Imperial Islam, in: The History of the World from the Dawn of Mankind to the Present , Tel Aviv: Yediot Ahronoth Publishing; 993,pp. 7-10. aurchive Forigh Ministry of Saudi Arabia. Prince Saud Al-Fasiel. House of Al Saud Family….!!’?’… <Ref> {{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |access-date=2025-06-16 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616214621/https://stepfeed.com/7-facts-you-probably-don-t-know-about-the-arab-league-4490 |url-status=dead }} </Ref>.:• <Ref> https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-dangerous-countries-for-women>/Ref{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}>.: “… Le saviez-vous ? Pour les stars du porno gay, être attirant n'a d'importance que dans le porno gay. Dans le porno hétéro, l'attention est presque toujours portée sur la star.…!!’..” <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-most-beautiful-women </Ref>.: <Ref>https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_Arab_League_vs_European_Union_EU</Ref>.:• December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 Iraqi Kurdish leader Masoud Barzani's September 25, 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in Arab countries, as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October; 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights. Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the [[Arab world]]. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of [[Israel]]. ][[Israel]] is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/iq-by-country.php</Ref>.:• [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. <Ref>https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/04/01/arab-league-sets-new-defense-force-at-40,000/{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized</Ref>.::• <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://amnesty.ca/features/5-death-penalty-myths-debunked/</Ref>.::• ==Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.”== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf p. 192]</Ref>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08"'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<S>[[SADR]]<s's!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |16.=||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>.. |- |18.'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<S!>[[Falastiin]]<s'!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |19.”’.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |20.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!!>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |21."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |23.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |25.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of Romania.svg|189px]]<S>[[Bucarest]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |28._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |} <Ref>https://www.museumwnf.org/league-of-arab-states/?page=LAS-missions-worldwide.php</Ref>.::.!'! <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: <ReF>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-developed-countries-in-africa</ReF>.: ===Waddamada “Jaamacadda Dowladdaha Carabta.!'!”=== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Tirada !! Dalka !! [[Literacy]] rate |- |01.".||[[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|191px]][[Aljeeriya]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |02.".||[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|193px]][[Sacuudi Carabiya]]<s>||93.5<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |03.".||[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|192px]][[Kuwayt]]<s> ||93.4<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |04.".||[[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|189px]][[Baxrayn]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>.: |- |05”.||[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|189px]]<s>[[Jabaan]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |06.||[[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|189px]]<!!>[[Qatar]]<s> ||93.6<Ref name="p.191"/>. |- |07.".||[[File:Flag of Korea.svg|189px]]<S>[[Kuuriya]]<s!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |08."'.||[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|189px]][[lubnaan]] ||89.5<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |09.'".||[[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|193px]][[Masar]]<s> ||91.8<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |10.".||[[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|189px]]<!'>[[Urdun]]<'!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|191px]]<!>[[Ciraaq]]<!> ||89.8<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |11.".||[[File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg|191px]]<!?>[[SADR]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |12.".||[[File:Flag of Oman.svg|189px]][[Cumaan]] ||93.4<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |13.".||[[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|193px]]<!>[[Marooko]]<!'> ||75.4<Ref name=p.193/>. |- |14.".||[[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|189px]][[Tunisiya]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/>. |- |15.".||[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|189px]]<S>[[Turkey]]<s> ||78.98<Ref name=p.190/> |- |16.".||[[File:Flag of Libya.svg|191px]]<'!>[[Libiya]]<!'> ||89.4<Ref name=p.193/>.: |- |17.||[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|191px]][[Bangladesh]]<s> ||89.5<Ref name=p.192/>. |- |18.||[[File:Flag of Syria.svg|191px]][[Suuriya]]<!> ||89.95<Ref name="p.192"/>. |- |19.'."'"||[[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|189px]]<!>[[Falastiin]]<!> ||69.3<REF name="p.189"/>. |- |20.'.||[[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|189px]]<!>[[Suudaan]]<!'> ||69.39<REF name=p.190/>. |- |21.".||[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|191px]]<!?>[[Imaaraatka Carabta]]<!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/> |- |23.."_.||[[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|189px]]<S>[[Barunay]]<s'!> ||75.39<REF name=p.192/>. |- |24.".||[[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|189px]]<S>[[Komoros]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |25".||[[File:Flag of Chad.svg|191px]]<S>[[Injamiina]]<s'!>||69.5<Ref name=p.194/>.: |- |26.".||[[File:Flag of France.svg|189px]]<S>[[Lévis, Quebec]]<s!> ||67.23<REF name=p.193/>.: |- |27._.||[[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|189px]]<S>[[Fiktoria]]<s!'> ||67.57<REF name=p.192/>.: |- |28.."_.||[[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|191px]]<S>[[Soviet Union]]']]<s!'?> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |29.".||[[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|191px]]<S>[[Somalia]]<s><s'!>||89.5<Ref name=p.191/>. |- |30."_.||[[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|191px]]<S'>[[Djabuti]].!'!]]<s'> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>. |- |} <Ref>https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://interbrand.com/best-global-brands/?filter-brand/-sector=&filter-brand-region=asia-pacific&filter-brand-country=</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php</Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/water-quality-by-country</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-with-death-penalty</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/10/somalia-eritera-and-egypt-pledge-to-bloster-security-ties</Ref>.: |} |- [<Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>]. |- <Ref>https://ar.wikihow.com/النجاة-من-زلزال-أرضي</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://industryarabic.com/how-many-countries-speak-arabic/</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Map_of_League_of_Arab_States_countries.png</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/alliances/arab-league.php </Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arabic-speaking-countries</Ref>.: |- <Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |access-date=2011-06-28 |archive-date=2020-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504070831/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dj.html |dead-url=yes }}</Ref>. [<Ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|url=https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |access-date=2022-08-26 |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502031038/https://www.numbeo.com/crime/rankings_by_country.jsp |dead-url=yes }}</ref>]. |- [<Ref>https://livingcost.org/cost</Ref>] |- <Ref>{{Cite web|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/ |access-date=2023-09-19|archive-date=2023-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922122032/https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/average-iq-by-country/|dead-url=yes}} </Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-highest-literacy-rates-in-the-world.html</Ref>.:•<!!'?>.:• |_ <Ref>https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/common-confusions-arabs-muslims/</Ref>.: |- [<Ref>https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualizing-corruption-around-the-world/</Ref>]. <Ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Europe</Ref>.: |- |- <!>[[Militaries of:; Argentine; BRAZILiAN;& FRANCAIS3; Italiano; Espanayol; Portugalese;: R…………….!’?..!’?’ & TURKSH States.;;!'!.!'!.!'!]] [[MILITARY Of '"United Kingdoms of Great BRITAIN; CNDNS & Ausies.!'?’& NZL; & IRLNDS.!'!'(.!'!'):; ARMIES EUROPEANS UNIONS.;!'!.!'!.!'!]]<S'!> ||78.69<REF name=p.190/>.::…!’! | |} <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.::.::. <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/regions/european-union</Ref>.: |- <Ref>httphttps://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/antarctica</Ref>.: |- <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-hated-country </Ref>.:• |- <Ref>https://www.unescwa.org/news/escwa-releases-new-report-real-sizes-arab-economies-between-2017-and-2023</Ref>.:• ==Bassborka Jaamacada Carabta== <gallery mode="traditional" caption="" class="center"> File:Algerian passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Algeria}}[[Algerian passport|Algeria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}. File:Cover of Mauritanian Biometric Passport.png|{{flagicon|Algeria}}<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:New_Egyptian_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Egypt}}[[Egyptian passport|Egypt]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Syria}}.` File:Libyan_New_Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Libya}}[[Libyan passport|LBY]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Mauritania}}.` File:BioPassMaroc.JPG|{{flagicon|Morocco}}[[Moroccan passport|MAR]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Tunisia}}. File:Passeport Tunisie 2014.jpg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Tunisian passport|Tunisia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|TN}}. File:Cover of Iraqi Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Iraq}}[[Iraqi passport|Iraq]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.` File:The New Lebanese Biometric Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Lebanon}}[[Lebanese Passport|Lebanon]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Libya}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Oman}}[[Omani passport|Oman]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} File:Bahraincover.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Qatar}}[[Bahraini passport|Bahrain]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Bahrain}}. File:Kuwait passport.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Kuwait}}[[Kuwaiti passport|Kuwait]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Qa.png|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Bahrain}}[[Qatari passport|Qatar]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Qatar}}. File:Saudi Arabia Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}}[[Saudi Arabian passport|Saudi Arabia]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}. File:Jordanian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Jordan}}[[Philistine passport|Jordan]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:UAE Passport.svg|{{flagicon|GCC}}{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}}[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]][[Emirati passport|United Arab Emirates]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Regular Syrian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Syria}}[[Syrian passport|Syria]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|23px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Yemen Passport.svg|küçükresim|Yemen pasaportu]]|{{flagicon|Yemen}}[[Yemeni passport|Yemen]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sudan passport cover.JPG|{{flagicon|Sudan}}[[Sudanese passport|Sudan]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|Palestine}}.!!` File:Sahrawi passport.jpg|{{flagicon|ESH}}[[Sahrawi passport|ESH]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|MAR}}.!!`?`!!`? File:Somaliland Passport Cover.svg|{{flagicon|Tunisia}}[[Somali passport|Somaliland]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|19px]]{{flagicon|Maldives}}.!!`? File:Cover of Eritrean Passport.jpeg|{{flagicon|Eritrea}}[[Djibouti passport|Djibouti]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|14px]]{{flagicon|Djibouti}}. File:Cover of Chadian Passport.jpg|{{flagicon|Chad}}[[Chadian passport|Chad]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|21px]]{{flagicon|SYC}}.!!`? <Ref>https://visaindex.com/country/chad-passport-ranking/</Ref>.!!`? <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/9/19/tunisian-autocrat-ben-ali-dies-in-saudi-exile</Ref>.: !!`?`!!`?'?!' </gallery> [[File:Comorian Passport.png|120px]][[Comorian passport|Comoros]]<Br/>[[File:EPassport logo.svg|16px]]{{flagicon|Comoros}}.!!`? Comoros}}.!!`? Carabiya]].]] [[File:Official Portrait of King Abdulaziz.jpg|thumb|central|King Faisal bin Abdulaziz.jpg: "as" King of [[Sacuudi Carabiya]].]] [[File:Ring with engraved portrait of Ptolemy VI Philometor (3rd–2nd century BCE) - 2009.jpg|thumb|Center|25xp|Crown of Ptolemy VI Philometor as [[Egyptian]] Pharoah. Louvre Museum.: [[Baaris]];[[France]].)]] <Ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia</Ref>.::.::.:: [[File:Bangladeshi E-Passport.svg|125px]][[Bangladesh passport|Bangladesh]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|11px]]{{flagicon|Pakistan}}.: [[File:JapanpassportNew10y.PNG|21px]]|{{flagicon|Japan}}[[Persian|Japan]].:[[File:KOR ePassport.jpg|25px]]{{flagicon|Korea}}PR"China.: [[File:Manara clocktower.JPG|thumb|Manara]][[https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php]]..!!’ [[File:16-03-31-Hebron-Altstadt-RalfR-WAT 5717.jpg|thumb|right|195px|Exterior view with (I.& P.Guard):; Isrealian Police.&_.Philistianian Police Guard]] <Ref>https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854</Ref> [[File:Old city of Nablus.JPG|thumb|right|Alley in the Old City leading to and from the [[souk]], 20018]] [[File:Nineveh Nebi Yunus Excavation Bull-Man Head.JPG|thumb|right|196px|[[Lamassu|Winged Bull]] excavated at Nebi Yunus by Iraqi/?\Irani (Persian.!) archaeologists]],`~` <Ref> {{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423051219/https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/why-iran-is-not-an-arab-country/ |dead-url=yes }} </Ref>.::. After killing an [[Egyptian]] slave-master who was beating a [[Hebrew]]; [[Moses]] fled across the [[Red Sea]] to Midian, where he encountered the Angel of the Lord, speaking.!'! … https://www.quora.com/Why-are-the-present-day-Egyptians-predominantly-Arabs-despite-the-fact-that-the-ancient-Egyptians-where-not.:.: [[File:Turkish Passport.svg|21px]]|{{flagicon|Korea}}[[Turkish passport|Turkish]][[File:EPassport logo.svg|25px]]{{flagicon|Turkey}}.: From Britannica and Wikipedia and "World" Libraries.!!` [[Arabs]] are the people of an [[ethnic]] group who come from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] and speak the [[Arabic language]] . According to [[Jewish]] and [[Arab]] tradition, they are the grandchildren of [[Ishmael]] , the son of Avraham Abino . Content 1 The Arab world. 2 Religion. 2.1 Ancient times. 3 The Arabic language's. 4 History and civilization. 5 Arab events. 6 Ottoman decline: 7 The question of Palestine: 8 Arab relations with Arab Jews: The [[Arab world]]: The [[Arab world]] covers most of the countries in the [[Middle East]] and North [[Africa]] except [[Iran]] , [[Turkey]] and [[Bakistaan]] , and the Land of [[Israaiil]].!!'? The Arab countries are: [[Algeria]] , [[Baxrayn]] , [[Egypt]] , [[Iraq]] , [[Jordan]] ,[[Kuwait]] , [[Lubnaan]] , [[Libya]] , [[Marooko]] , [[Cumaan]] ,[[Komoros]], [[Qatar]] , [[Sacuudi Carabiya]] , [[Suudaan]] , [[Suuriya]] , [[Tunisia]] , the [[United Arab Emirates]] , [[Mauritania]], [[Jad]], and [[Yemen]]; [[Eratareya]]; Plus The Whole* [[Somaliland]] are also included even if the [[Soomaalida]].: They Don't "ALLOW" to speak [[Arabic]] [[Language]]; "Economically"; and "Gegraphically"; & "Politically"..Just like [[Turkiga]]; [[Iiraan]] ta but In "African Continent" NOT "ASIAN".• .!!`?'!.! In addition, approximately two million Arabs also live in the occupied areas of the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza]] in the State of Israel . Almost one million Arabs also live in Israel itself. Arabs also moved to many places in the world especially [[Europe]] and [[Americas]]. Arabs are a diverse people, but there are some elements that unite them. The most important of them are the Islamic beliefs and the Arabic language, and the culture and history associated with them.!!'? One day, after [[Moses]] had reached adulthood, he killed an [[Egyptian]] who was beating a [[Hebrew]]. To escape [[Pharaoh's death penalty]], [[Moses]] fled to Midian (a desert country south of Judah), where he married [[Zipporah]].::. ==Religion and Science.!!'?== The largest part of Arabs are Muslims . There are also many Christian Arabs, especially in Lebanon , Syria , Egypt , and the Palestinian territories . Islam was found in the Arabian Peninsula in the 6th century. It spread quickly over a large part of Asia and Africa , and that is why today there are many Muslims who are not in the [[Arab world]]. Islam, Arab and non-Arab, has two parts: Sunni and Shua . Sunni Islam is the greater part, and most Arabs are Sunni, but in some countries the majority are Shua, mainly Iraq and Bahrain . ==Ancient times.!!'== Until Islam came, most Arabs were polytheists . Some tribes of Arabs under the Hamid kingdom converted to Judaism, or accepted the Christian religion. ==The Arabic languages.!!'== Postscript-viewer-shaded.png See the main article - Arabic Arabic belongs to the family of Semitic languages, together with the holy Hebrew (22 & 23) , and Aramaic. Although Arabic is the giant Semitic out there, The Language 28-31* …letters, and they are written from right to left…...!!’?’!!’? “…. Arabic is another language with a non-Latin alphabet. Though it consists of 28* characters, the complex Arabic script is still often said to be quite hard to learn. Arabic grammar is very different from English grammar, and Arabic is a highly gendered language……” There are three main versions of the Arabic language: 1st. Quranic or Classical, 2nd. Modern Standard, and 3rd. Colloquial or Daily.!!’ Roughly 25* Dialects fall under these three versions, with some mutually unintelligible and others barely different. As a language learner, deciding to learn Arabic’s is the first step.!!’ “….Arabic developed hundred thousand years ago among the Bedouins in the deserts of Arabian Peninsula..”!!’ Its growth was aided by the tradition of poetry which was very advanced in its oral form before it was written down. With the advent of Islam , the Koran became the model of the Arabic language.:• ==History and Civilization.!!'== The name Arab to refer to the nomads and camel leaders of northern Arabia is already found in writings from almost three thousand years ago. Later, the term was used for all the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula and Surrounding Arae . Arabs were then a society of tribes. They were grouped according to their family and genealogy, and referred to a single lineage. The Arab society, however, was fragmented thanks to the very difficult conditions of living in the deserts, and therefore there were often fights between tribes and families. It did not appear any Arab country until the arrival of Islam.!!'?' ==Arabic performances.!!'== Islamic civilization, Arab and non-Arab, flourished during the era of the Abbasid caliphs, who ruled over the entire Islamic world from their capital in Baghdad in the years 750 to 1258. The rise of Islamic civilization includes Advances in literature , philosophy , and medicine . Greek philosophy such as the works of Plato and Aristotle were translated into Arabic. Islamic medical writings were used in Europe until the 1600s. Arab sages also made great advances in mathematics. The numbers we use today are called "Arabic numbers" because they were developed by the Arabs and Muslims. Also the division of mathematics "algebra" is an Arab invention, and comes from the Arabic word "Al-Dzabr". ==Ottoman "Turks" decline and " “Arab’s Pple’s League's” World Rise".!!'== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800s, and 1850s the flourishing of Arab and Islamic culture began to decline with them.!! Many Arab countries then came under the rule of European Colonizing powers. At the end of the First World War 1, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and Most of the Arab countries were under European rule.!!’?’ ==The question of Palestin.!!'?== Throughout the First World War , the British promised Arab leaders that Palestine would be included in the territories that would go to the Arabs for independence. The British then promised Palestine to the leaders of the Zionist movement. The history of the Arab-Israeli conflict lies in the mutual promises, as well as the Arab opposition to a Jewish state in the region. ==Arab Muslims relations with Arab Jews.!!'== After the mid-1940s, the situation changed drastically, almost all Arab countries were literally emptied of Jews one after the other, the Polish Arabs have a bitter hatred towards the Jews, almost no Jews are seen before their eyes. The Neturi Karta say that this is a direct result of the movement of Zionism, and later the creation of the Jewish land. Categories : ==Islamic.!!'/|\.Moslim States.!!'?== At its peak, the Arab world was the most advanced civilization in the world. They possessed incredible wealth, and they led the entire trade between Asia and Europe. Its later rulers became the Ottoman Turks and with the decline of the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the 1900s, the flourishing of [[Arab]] and [[Islamic]] culture began to decline with them. Many Arab countries then came under the rule of [[European]] powers. At the end of the First World War , the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many Arab countries were under [[European]] rule.!!` <Ref>https://wikiislam.github.io/wiki/Muslim_Statistics_-_Pornography.html</Ref>.: ==Warka== December 25, 2017 Special Dispatch No. 7246 [[Iraqi]] [[Kurdish]] leader Masoud Barzani's September; 2017 referendum on Kurdish independence sparked vehement opposition in [[Arab countries]], as was expressed in statements by leaders and also by many articles in the Arab press. The main argument raised was that the Kurds are a tool of Israel – which is working to divide Iraq, and after that the rest of the Arab countries. As proof of this, they cited the Kurds' good relations with Israel and the fact that Israel is the only country that supports them. Along with this opposition, the Arab press also published a few articles defending the Kurds' right to independence and criticizing those who opposed it. These articles rejected the conspiracy theory – i.e. that Israel was backing the referendum, with the aim of dismantling an Arab country – and noted that the Arabs' refusal to tackle their own domestic problems posed more of a danger than Israel did. They also said that those who oppose the Kurdish referendum in the name of Arab unity and the Palestinian problem have made other mistakes over the years – such as also supporting Nazism and Communism. This, while they themselves were doing nothing for the Palestinians, and were even causing harm to the Palestinians within their own countries' borders. Iraqi Kurds wave Israeli flag along with Kurdistan flag. Image: Aljazeera.net, October 2, 2017 Arab Writers: It Is Not Israel That Created The Kurdish Problem, But Rather The Arab Regimes That Denied Their Rights Jordanian journalist Fahd Al-Khitan wrote in the daily Al-Ghad under the title "It Is Not a Conspiracy": "The Arab logic immediately came up with a Zionist conspiracy as an explanation for the Kurds' insistence on seceding from Iraq and on holding a referendum several weeks ago. Proof of this conspiracy exists in abundance, since Israel effectively supported the Kurdish demand [for independence] and has been cultivating ties with certain Kurdish elements since the days of yore. But can the historic cause of the Kurds, which exists since before the founding of Israel, be reduced to this marginal fact? "Israel exploits regional crises to promote its own interests, that much is certain, and Arab and [other] regional forces do the same. We can present many exsamples of border disputes and political conflicts between states that have been exploited by Arab and foreign countries, [such as the conflicts] between Iran and Iraq, between Bahrain and Qatar, between Egypt and Sudan, and the Sahara conflict between Morocco and Algeria. These are all real problems, and the lack of willingness to resolve and settle them gives foreign forces an opportunity to exploit them for their own interests. "Israel did not create the Kurdish problem. The problem of the Kurds in Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran is a flagrant national product of countries and regimes that denied the legitimate national rights of the [Kurdish] people. Like any oppressed and persecuted nation, the Kurds are trying to enlist support for their cause, regardless of any other consideration. If Israel has indeed managed to infiltrate the Kurdish [ranks], this is nothing but a demonstration of the Arabs' failure to address their legitimate cause, and proof of the fragility of the Arabs' national security, which is breached from every direction – by Israel and by other forces. So don't blame it all on the Kurds. "The perception of the Kurdish issue involves no small measure of radical nationalism, for there is a strange insistence on merging the various components [of our societies] into an exclusively Arab identity, and on denying the right of non-Arabs to express their national and cultural identity. Whoever lifts up his head and demands his rights is [immediately] accused of serving Israel. Is Israel also behind the referendum in Catalonia? Several days ago, some regions in Italy [likewise] announced their wish to hold a referendum on secession, [but] we did not hear anyone in Italy accusing Israel and Zionism of being behind this move. And what about Britain, whose people voted to leave the European Union? Can Israel, which was created thanks to a British promise [the Balfour Declaration], be behind this as well? If Israel is really motivating the Kurds and pushing them to conspire against the Arab nation, why did the U.S., Israel's number one ally in the world, oppose Israel's will and interests and reject the referendum? "Using this warped national logic, we avoid dealing with our problems in the Arab world. We have made a habit of blaming others for our failure, not only in the Kurdish issue but in all the challenges we have faced, before and since the establishment of Israel. Israel is no doubt the greatest enemy of the nation, but the enemy within is much more dangerous. "In the collapsing countries of the east, as well as in the old democracies, a desire for secession and independence is emerging. This is a great challenge for both the Arab reasoning and the Western reasoning, and confronting it requires creative and innovative thinking."[1] Lebanese Journalist: Why Do All Those Who Fought For The Palestinians' Right Of Self Determination Deny The Same Right To The Kurds? Lebanese journalist and political analyst Hazem Saghiya wrote in his column in the London-based Saudi daily Al-Hayat: "The minute [Kurdish leader] Masoud Barzani announced the decision to hold a referendum [on Kurdish independence], condemnations began to be heard of [the Kurds'] love of Israel: 'you are allies, partners and even agents of Israel.' Some people started digging into history – or even inventing it – in an effort to prove that the situation of the two sides [the Israelis and the Kurds] is identical... [The right to establish] an independent Palestinian state is a right that no reasonable person contests. Ideally, anyone who [demands] rights of his own should support and identify with all the just causes in the world. [But] the political reality does not always [correspond] to this ideal, for in the name of national rights, independence and hostility to Jewish immigration, most Arabs showed solidarity with Hitler and Nazism, and later, in the name of the very same rights, [they also] showed solidarity with the Soviet Gulag regime... These are positions that do not respect people's rights and even undermine them. Moreover, to this day, apologizing for them has not become a prominent part of Arab culture or ideology... "Iraqis who now holler about the friendship between the Kurds and Israel did not hesitate to treat the Palestinians in the worst possible manner. This happened immediately after the 2003 war [in Iraq], and the Iraqis and Palestinians still remember it... We [also] know that, in Syria and Lebanon, the impassioned calls to advance the Palestinian cause coincide with the most despicable treatment of Palestinians. How did the war on the [Palestinian refugee] camps[2] during the 1980s help the Palestinians liberate Palestine?! "The Palestinians' own behavior has not always been characterized by the justice in whose name they constantly speak, for they expressed sympathy for Saddam Hussein's attack on Kuwait and later for Assad's suppression of the Syrian majority that rose up in demand of freedom. They took part in the civil wars in Jordan and Lebanon, and their crimes against the rights of the Lebanese and Jordanians are comparable to the crimes of the Lebanese and Jordanians against their rights... So why are only the Kurds required to remain within the framework of a perfect correspondence between politics and justice? Or perhaps what is permitted to the master is not permitted to his slave?... "As for the Kurds and Israel, the Hebrew state was the only one that welcomed the Kurdish referendum. It probably welcomed it for reasons that were less than noble, having to do entirely with its own [interests], but it did so while others all over the region were [threateningly] baring their teeth at the Kurds. In this situation, can the Kurds be expected to burn the Israeli flag? What have we Arabs done for the Kurds that we can expect them to hate Israel with a passion?... "Moreover, since the Saddam Hussein era, the Palestinian cause has been used more than any other cause [as a means] to undermine the Kurdish issue and the Kurds' right [to independence], just as Bashar Al-Assad later used the Palestinian cause [to combat] the Syrians' [attempts] to oust his regime. Obviously, such conduct leaves psychological effects and scars in its victims, especially when no Palestinian voices are heard loudly condemning and opposing this use [of their cause]. "The obvious conclusion is that, in this region, we have what can be described as a mechanism of blackmail by means of [accusations of collaboration with] Israel. The Lebanese Christians know better than anyone else how they were subjected to such blackmail during the years of Syrian patronage [over Lebanon], and even the Palestinian leadership itself was not spared [this blackmail] when it tried to take its own national decisions, independently of the will of the Assad regime..."[3] Al-Hayat Columnist: The Claims Against The Kurds Have Been Disproved Hazem Al-Amin, another Lebanese columnist for the Saudi daily Al-Hayat, wrote cynically: "The Kurds' celebrations last month [over the referendum results] included waving Israeli flags – which pan-Arab eyes saw and made part of the Kurdish aspiration for independence. [They called the Kurdish state] 'an artificial state that is analogous to Israel.' Those with wounded pan-Arab sentiment have gone too far, [arguing that] not only is the future [Kurdish] state a product of Israel, but that it is also a partner in Tel Aviv's creation of ISIS, and wishes that the 200,000 Kurdish Jews in Israel will return to it. [They say] that the future [Kurdish] state is part of the Zionist plan to dismantle the region into small entities based on ethnicity and sect... "Much can be said against the independence referendum... but it also had an upside, because it made the Arabs expend tremendous energy on writing nonsense, as they haven't done in a long time. [This] revealed that the Ba'th [party], including its branches in Iraq and Syria, is not a random, fleeting phenomenon in the pan-Arab sentiment, but is fundamental; that ISIS is its cousin and suckled the same milk; and that the Arab defeat throughout the conflict with Israel is the result of ignoring the truth. Anyone who says that the Kurds want 200,000 Kurdish Jews to return to Kurdistan from Israel fails to notice that they [the Kurds], by means of their activity that stems from delusions, will in fact restore the situation to what it used to be, and will serve Palestine by correcting the mistake of the pan-Arabism of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani[4] and his nationalist Arab cohorts,[5] which motivated them to raid the Jews in Baghdad and send them to Israel with the aid of the Jewish Agency. "While pan-Arabism is forgiven for having abandoned Palestine, the Kurds are not forgiven for waving the Israeli flag at a moment of national intoxication... After all, they are Kurds, and they have no right to anger or mistakes, just as they are not allowed to dream of a state that was taken from them over a century ago. If they make a mistake, then [Hizbullah secretary-general] Mr. [Hassan] Nasrallah will come out to remind them that he will stand against any plan by [any] religious stream that divides the nation – when he [Nasrallah himself] apparently wants to unite [the nation] under the flag of the Rule of the Jurisprudent [of the Iranian regime] that has no connection to any [Sunni] religious stream... "ISIS too, which according to the offspring [of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani and Hajj Amin Al-Husseini] sold Iraqi territories to Israel via Kurdish middlemen, found a place in the version [of reality] of the opponents of the Kurdish state. According to the latter, ISIS is not Arab and does not belong to the Ba'th, [but rather] is Kurdish and Israeli. The offspring of Rashid Al-Kilani have in their possession documents proving this, that they sent to Mr. Nasrallah; he will reveal them in his next speech... "The Shi'ite Iraqi forces – once the allies of the Kurds in Iraq, in the post-Saddam era – united in a religious alliance [with Shi'ite Iran] that has no place for the Kurds' aspirations. And lo, they remind the Kurds of the Arabism of Kirkuk [which is actually Kurdish], while forsaking the Arabism of [the Shi'ite] Al-Najaf and of Karbala, and turning [the Sunni] Mosul, after its liberation from ISIS, into an Iranian metropolis. All this does not harm the offspring of Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani [i.e. the Iraqis], as long as it is done by a strong tyrant [such as Saddam]. But the weak, such as the Kurds, have no right to dream of a state."[6] [1] Al-Ghad (Jordan), October 22, 2017. [2] This refers to a campaign waged by the Amal militia against the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon during the civil war in 1985-1986. Thousands of Palestinians were killed in the battles, and the Sabra, Shatila and Burj Al-Barajna refugee camps were almost completely destroyed, although Amal never managed to take over the camps. [3] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. [4] Iraqi politician Rashid 'Ali Al-Kilani (1892-1965), three-time Iraqi prime minister, led the 1941 rebellion that prompted the British to invade Iraq; in June of that year the Farhud, or pogrom, against the Jews of Baghdad took place. Al-Kilani fled to Nazi Germany, and was known for his connections to the Nazis and to Jerusalem Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini. [5] A reference to the Arab nationalist movement, founded in Beirut in the 1920s. [6] Al-Hayat (London), October 3, 2017. ===BIODIVERSITY=== I am a Palestinian American who is tired of stupid people. I wanted to share a (not exhaustive) list of 50 useful and indisputable facts on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. FACT No. [#01.] Some Jews are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#02.] Some Muslims are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No. [#03.] Some Christians are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No.[#04.] Some Arabs are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. [#05.] Some Americans are shitty and awful people.!'?' FACT No. 6. Some Israelis are shitty and awful people.!?' FACT No. 7. Some Palestinians are shitty and awful people.!'? FACT No.[#08.] Not all Jews are Israelis.!'? FACT No.[#09.] Not all Israelis are Jews.!'? FACT No.[#10.] Not all Jews are white.!'? FACT No. [#11.] Not all Israelis are white.!'? FACT No. [#12.] Not all Muslims are Arabs.!'? FACT No. 13. Not all Arabs are Muslim.!'? FACT No. 14. Not all Palestinians are Muslims.!'? FACT No. 15. Not all Arabs are Palestinian.!'? FACT No. 16. Not all Palestinians are Haumaus.!'? FACT No. 17. [[Texans]] are not [[Arizonans]].!'? FACT No. 18. Germans are not Dutch..(The word Dutch comes from a Proto-Germanic word meaning “of the people.” It shares a root with the German word [[Deutsch]], which has led to some confusing names. The name Germans call Germany, for example, is [[Deutschland]] and the people there [[Deutsch]]. [[Dutch]] and German are related, after all, both being Germanic languages.).!'? FACT No. 19. Palestinians are not Jordanians.!'? FACT No. 20. [Egyptians] are not Palestinians.!'? FACT No. 21. Where you are born does not actually determine anything about you.!'? FACT No. 22. Your passport is not your political beliefs. FACT No. 23. Your government is not your morality.!'? FACT No. 24. Not all Jews like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 25. Not all Israelis like the Israeli government.!'? FACT No. 26. Not all Palestinians like the Palestinian government. FACT No. 27. Israeli governments have committed acts of terror and violence against the Palestinian people. FACT No. 28. Palestinian organizations have committed acts of terror and violence against the Israeli people.!'? FACT No. 29. US leaders do things that I do not agree with (e.g., 2016–2020). FACT No. 30. Israeli leaders do things that Israelis do not agree with. FACT No. 31. Palestinian leaders do things that Palestinians do not agree with. FACT No. 32. What happened to the Israeli civilians on 10/7 2023* is fucking awful, and Hamas has earned every fucking thing that the Israeli military throws at them. FACT No. 33. What is happening in Gaza to civilians is fucking awful, and not the smartest thing for Israel to do, and some aspects of Israeli military activity may be [[war crimes]], and it doesn’t have to be genocide for it to be tragic.!'? FACT No. 34. You can advocate for Palestine without being a racist, anti-semitic piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 35. You can advocate for Israel without being a racist, anti-Arab piece of shit.!'? FACT No. 36. People like to have sex with each other, and they sometimes procreate with people outside their tribes.! '? FACT No. 37. No one in the Levant is indigenous. Every fucking empire in history has fucked their way through the Levant. There is no pure indigeneity. And let’s be honest: The entire planet has been colonized..by [[Europeans]] Powers..and In Ancient (..hominids from the Great Rift Valley). FACT No. [#38.] Palestinians and Israelis share paternal Bronze Age DNA. Yes, even Ashkenazi Jews.!'?... FACT No. 39. Stop with the fucking history lessons about what the Israelites did, or what the [[OTTOMANS]] did, or what the [[BRITISH]] did, or whatever. It is Fucking "IMPERIAL SHIT" There is a pile of DOG shit in the living room. Instead of arguing about whose DOG took the bigger shit in the living room, maybe focus on how we clean up the dog shit, and maybe we keep the DOGS outside.!'? FACT No. 40. Any people have a right to group together and self-identify as whatever-the-fuck-they-want-to-self-identify as. When they get large enough as a group, those people have the right to self-determination and self-respect and a state where they can control their own destinies. FACT No. 41. Whether you like the idea or not, the Israeli state exists. It will also continue to exist until the ISRAELI people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Israeli) is fucking immaterial. FACT No. 42. Whether you like the idea or not, a Palestinian state will exist at some point, and it will continue to exist until the PALESTINIAN people decide they don’t want it to exist. Your opinion on this matter (if you are not Palestinian) is fucking immaterial.!'? FACT No. 43. You cannot bomb a people into true submission  —  the Blitz did not soften [[British]] morale.!?'.. FACT No. 44. You cannot fight a war and kill a people’s desire for safety, freedom and self-determination. You can stifle it. You can try to ignore it, but one way or another, you will have to deal with it. This is as true for my Israeli friends as it is for my Palestinian ones. FACT No. 45. The solution to the [[Middle East]] conflict will not be found on Threads, or TikTok, or in the streets of any city that isn’t within a two-hour car ride from downtown Jerusalem.!'? FACT No. 46. If you want to be an ally to Palestinians, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Israelis and Jews. FACT No. 47. If you want to be an ally to Israelis, please feel free to continue to advocate for peace, security and self-determination, but do it without dehumanizing or stereotyping Palestinians and Muslims and Arabs. FACT No. 48. If you just want to advocate for peace, try to be a voice for reason, and don’t inflame or over-simplify an already chaotic, complicated and deeply emotional issue. Help people find common ground and help bring the temperature down. You can be moral and stand up for what you believe in without being an ASSHOLE.!'?... FACT No. 49. Yes, an amazing one-state liberal democracy where Palestinian boys and girls could fuck Israeli boys and girls and make cute babies, and everybody spoke Hebrew and Arabic and we all agreed that [[hummus]] and [[falafel]] are delicious and Palestinian and sufganiyot are delicious and Israeli would be awesome. But this wonderful future has about as much chance of happening in the near term as this 5’8″ 56'"-year-old Palestinian has being a starter for the [[Golden State Warrior]]s. A two-state solution is the only workable one.!'? FACT No. 50. Hummus is Palestinian. I am immovable on this.!'?' Moe Aa. Hussein is a Palestinian-American creative with a filmmaking background interested in the intersection of experience and technology. This list originally ran on his Medium blog.!'? The Citizen welcomes guest commentary from community members who represent that it is their own work and their own opinion based on true facts that they know firsthand.:. <Ref>https://waleedgohar469.medium.com/a-media-rich-guide-on-facts-about-palestine-70022565965d</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.historyhit.com/facts-about-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict/</</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.factretriever.com/israel-facts</Ref>.: 5 Interesting Facts About Palestine (Find Out)! Waleed Gohar Waleed Gohar · Follow 3 min read · Jun 22, 2020 Listen Share Introduction: Palestine is a land which has a lot of things for its readers. This is a land which is located in Asia but there is much more to know, apart from its location. Therefore, let’s dive straight into some facts about Palestine. Is 3G available in Palestine? The 3G services are not available in Palestine apart from a few locations. Why is this? Facts About Palestine (3G Network) This is because the Israeli restrictions do not allow the Palestinian people to have access to the 3G services openly. There has been a conversation about this over the past few years of Palestine National Authority with the Israeli authorities but in vain. The Economy of Palestine: Palestine is a land that is considered unsafe by many people, but is it true? To understand this, first, understand that tourism is an important part of the economy of Palestine. In 2010, 4.6 million people visited Palestine. This is a pretty decent figure for a land that is considered unsafe for many people. Furthermore, the stone industry in Palestine is also a very important part of its economy. To understand how important is the stone industry to Palestine, it is to Palestine as the textile is to Pakistan. And what is textile is to Pakistan? 60% of the exports of Pakistan are based on the cotton textile industries that provide half of the countries employment! The majority of exports of Palestine are to Israel, Jordan, America and some European countries. The National Animal of Palestine: Gazelle is the national animal of Palestine which is known for its speed. The Palestinian government has been trying to protect this creature as it is an important symbol for the Palestinians. Facts About Palestine (Gazelle) Photo by Bas van Brandwijk on Unsplash These beautiful thin creatures are mostly found in Africa and Asia. They resemble deer and they are from the family of goats, sheep and cattle. The dama Gazelle is the largest Gazelle. The National Flower of Palestine: Palestinian poppy is the natural flower of Palestine. This beautiful flower is bright red and the scientific name of the Palestinian Poppy is Anemone coronaria. The flower originally comes from Ranunculaceaefamily (buttercup family). Very fewer flowers have played such an important role in medicine, religion and politics as the poppy. One commonly asked question is that are anemones and poppies same? Although the anemones and poppies belong to a similar flower family, they are not the same thing. The Siege in Gaza: In Gaza, 1.9 million Palestinians are under a brutal siege. The basic human rights have been denied to them and they are constantly exposed to aerial bombing. The political instability and barbarity make Gaza unsafe. The Israeli restrictions in this area are so brutal that the United Nations says that by 2020, the area can be completely inhibited. Conclusion: The facts about Palestine is a very interesting topic. I hope that the article makes sense. Thank You very much for staying with me till the end! <Ref>https://www.memri.org/reports/arab-opposition-to-kurdish-state-hypocritical</Ref>.: "Jabaan" likely refers to the word for "Japan" in the language of the user, which in this case is probably "Swahili" or "Somali", as it is a transliteration of the word "Japan" in these languages. Here's a breakdown: "Jabaan" is a transliteration of "Japan" in Swahili and Somali: The word "Jabaan" is used to refer to the country of Japan in Swahili and Somali. Swahili and Somali are languages spoken in Africa: Swahili is a Bantu language spoken in East Africa, while Somali is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in the Horn of Africa….!!’?’….!! ==Sido kale fiiri== * [[Unionka Mediterraneanka]] * [[Wadanamaha Jaamacada Carabta Afrika]] * [[Waddnamha Mashriq Jaamacada Carabta]] * https://livingcost.org/ ==10*of the*Most*Endangered Species in Africa== BY OLIVIA LAI AFRICA JUN 27TH 2022/23 EARTH.ORG IS POWERED BY OVER 150 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS 10 of the Most Endangered Species in Africa Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, is wonderfully rich in biodiversity. Thanks to its equally rich natural landscapes and biomes, ranging from arid deserts and savannahs to tropical rainforests and ice-capped mountains, Africa supports about a quarter of the planet’s animal and plant species. But delayed industrialisation and development, human activities such as deforestation – 4 million hectares of African forests are cut down annually, almost double the speed than the global average deforestation rate – and prolonged conflicts have had a devastating impact on wildlife on the continent. All these are being fuelled further by climate change. These are just some of the most endangered species in Africa that are in dire need of protection and conservation, before it’s too late. — ===10*Most*Endangered*Species*in Africa.!!=== [#01.]Black Rhino..!!’?’…!!’?’…!!’ Otherwise known as the hook-lipped rhino, the black rhino is one of two species of rhinoceros native to Africa (the other being the white rhino). Due to rampant poaching to meet a global demand for rhinoceros horn, wildlife trading and trophy hunting, black rhino populations have been decimated and has driven a subspecies, the Western black rhino (Diceros bicornis longipes), to extinction in 2011. Today, there are just over 5,600 individuals left of the critically endangered animal and are limited to just four countries: South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Kenya. As a keystone species, meaning that they hold a significant role within an ecosystem, there have been major efforts to protect and recover population numbers, including greater habitat protection and monitoring systems, as well as harsher fines and sentences for rhino poachers. [#02.]African Elephant.!!’?’!!’?… In the 1970s, Africa was home to 1.3 million elephants. Today, that number has plummeted down to less than 30,000 in the wild. Much like rhinos, elephants have been heavily targeted and poached throughout history due to the ivory trade; ivory tusks were treated as a valuable commodity and a status symbol. As a result, around 90% of African elephants have been wiped out in the past century. Though much of the world has since banned elephant ivory trading, most notably China, illegal poaching and trading still persist. But with significant conservation efforts, countries like Kenya have been experiencing a baby boom in elephants, more than doubling the population in 30 years. But other major threats to the species remain: human-wildlife conflict fuelled by human population growth and urban expansion, and climate change-induced droughts. Your Contribution Makes a Difference Every donation counts in our fight against climate change. Join us in making a real impact by supporting our research, data analysis, and policy solutions. DONATE TODAY…!!’?’ endangered species africa [#03].Gorilla..!!’?’..!!’?’.. There are two species of gorillas, the Eastern gorilla and the Western gorilla, both of which are native to Africa and listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of NatureRed List. A combination of factors have pushed the animal to such a dire situation, including poaching, habitat loss from logging and agricultural development, human conflict, and diseases. In fact, one of the two subspecies of the Western gorilla, the Cross River gorilla that lives in the Cameroon-Nigeria border region, saw its population plummet to about 200-300 adults. Population recovery efforts can be also slow and difficult due to their low reproductive rate, with females only giving birth every four to six years – females also only breed three or four times in her lifetime. [#04.]Saharan Cheetah.!!’?’!!’?’… This endangered cat (but not a ‘Big Cat’) has been pushed to the brink of extinction due to significant habitat loss, forcing the animal to be limited to 10% of its historical range. Its remaining small populations can now only be found in Algeria and Niger, and isolated pockets across the Sahara and Sahel from Mali in the west to the Central African Republic in the east.​ Additionally, hunting by a growing local population in the region and reduced prey such as sheep and gazelle from the agricultural explosion have also contributed to Saharan cheetah’s population decline to fewer than 250 individuals. endangered species in Africa Photo credit: EO Photographer Josh R. [#05.]African Wild Dog..!!’?’…!!’? Also known as the African painted dog or the African hunting dog, this critically endangered species in Africa is also the second most endangered carnivore in the continent. As wild dogs are highly social animals, gathering and travelling packs, they’re incredibly sensitive to habitat changes and fragmentation, which have been significantly reduced over the past few decades. Illegally poaching and wildlife trading is rife across African countries, and many African dogs were caught as bycatch in snares targeted for other animals like antelopes. Despite their impressive speeds – they reach speeds of more than 44 miles per hour – the species has not been able to run away from other threats like human conflicts over livestock, infectious diseases like rabies and distemper, and competition with larger predators like lions due to shrinking habitats. The largest populations are mostly in southern Africa – where there are less than 550 individuals in the wild – and the southern part of East Africa including Tanzania and northern Mozambique. Though snare hunting has been made illegal on nationally proclaimed wildlife reserves in South Africa, far more conservation efforts are needed to protect this rare mammal. You might also like: Is the Sahara Desert Growing? [#06.]African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’… There’s a common misconception that penguins are native only to the Arctic when in fact, there’s a well-known nesting penguin species that breeds in Africa, or more specifically, Namibia and South Africa. Unfortunately, the population of the African penguin is dwindling fast as a result of habitat loss and destruction, overfishing to meet global commercial demand, oil spills and marine pollution – the bird’s range encompass many global trading and oil transport routes – as well as warming ocean temperatures. The species has lost about 95% of its population since pre-industrial times to about 14,700 pairs, based on 2021 estimates. In addition, guano harvests – accumulated excrement of seabirds and bats is a highly sought-after fertiliser – eliminated their preferred nesting substrate, leaving them exposed to predators, heat stress, flooding and sea-level rise. <Ref>https://earth.org/endangered-species-in-africa/</Ref>.:: endangered species in the desert, north african ostrich…!!’?’ [#07.]North African Ostrich..!!’ The North African ostrich is the largest bird on Earth. Historically, it was distributed across the entire Sahara desert, spreading across 18 countries. Today, they’re only found in Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Senegal. This flightless bird has been heavily targeted over the past 50 years; their feathers, meat and egg are deemed valuable in the wildlife trading market. Much like most of the animals on this list, the ostrich has suffered from habitat loss from human expansion and desertification – a process by which lands become infertile – causing increased food competition with other livestock and larger animals. Since being identified in the IUCN red list, a number of conservation efforts have been underway to help restore the species, from introducing more ostriches to Senegal and habitat rehabilitation to improving livestock fencing and management. [#08.]Dama Gazelle..!!’?’…!!’?’ The dama gazelle now lives only about 1% of its historical range, and is found primarily in the countries of Chad and Sudan. Despite its preference for arid territories, desertification and worsening droughts from climate change have caused major habitat loss and fragmentation, as well as reduced vegetation for gazelle to feed from – thus increased competition with human and livestock. Prolonged wars in the region have also exacerbated all these aforementioned factors. Today, fewer than 400 individuals are left in the wild. [#09.] Egyptian Tortoise..!!’?’…!!’ Another Saharan Desert native and the smallest species of tortoises – no longer than 10cm in length at maturity, the Egyptian tortoise is all but extinct from its original habitat due to the loss of habitat from agriculture and expansion of tourism, and most notably, from illegal pet trading. According to the IUCN Red List, the total Egyptian tortoise population is estimated to be around 7,470, but as they are not legally protected in Libya – where the species is mostly found – they are highly vulnerable to further population decline. Despite ongoing captive breeding programmes efforts to reintroduce Egyptian tortoises to the wild, they have mostly been slow and relatively unsuccessful. [#10.] Sahara Aphanius..!!’?’…!!’ This tiny freshwater pupfish, measuring only less than two inches long, can be found nowhere else in the world except for the Sahara Desert in the Oued Saoura river basin near Mazzer, Algeria. Agricultural development, which has caused significant groundwater contamination and excessive water withdrawal, and increasingly frequent and prolonged droughts, have severely impacted the aquatic vegetation that the species depend upon. This includes zooplankton and algae. The freshwater fish remains to be listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aside from these endangered species in Africa, you might also like: 10 of the World’s Most Endangered Animals in 2022/2023*.!! 알자지라의 미단 보이스 [[인터넷 채널]]: 유대인이 만들어내고 통제하고 있습니다("..모든 것이 2초 안에 움직입니다..") [[할리우드]]; [[CNN]]; 포르노 산업을 오염시키기 위해 "..[[미국인]]..!!.."과 "...[[기독교인]]...!!'?'" 가치관을...!!'?'... aljajilaui midan boiseu [[inteones chaeneol]]: yudaein-i mandeul-eonaego tongjehago issseubnida("..modeun geos-i 2cho an-e umjig-ibnida..") [[halliudeu]]; [[CNN]]; poleuno san-eob-eul oyeomsikigi wihae "..[[migug-in]]..!!.."gwa "...[[gidoggyoin]]...!!'?'" gachigwan-eul...!!'?'... ==The Most Endangered Animals in Africa== By H. Nimmo. Africa is blessed with a stunning variety of wildlife – it has more species of charismatic megafauna than any other continent. However, sadly, with ever expanding human populations and their increasing demand for land, food and water, exacerbated by poaching, more and more species are becoming endangered. However, thanks to the foresight of conservationists past and present, many of the most endangered animals in Africa are being protected in reserves and national parks. Below is a list of some of the most endangered species in Africa and where you stand a chance of seeing them. =10,441 "African Safaris"= [#01.]Ethiopian’s..!.. Ethiopian wolf..!!’?’…!!’?’… The Ethiopian wolf is Africa’s most endangered carnivore and the continent’s only wolf species. It is a handsome rusty red jackal-like dog and, as the name suggests, it is endemic to Ethiopia’s It is endangered due to loss of habitat to farmland and due to diseases caught from domestic dogs. Best place to see Ethiopian wolf: Bale Mountain National Park, Ethiopia [#02.]Pangolin Pangolin..!!’?’…!!’ The poor pangolin has the dubious honor of being the most illegally trafficked species in Africa, as its scales are used in traditional medicine in Asia. Most people have never heard of a pangolin, let alone seen one … and sadly it is feared they are on a fast-track to extinction. Pangolins are now one of the most endangered animals in Africa. These delightful, gentle creatures are armour-plated and roll into a ball to defend themselves – unfortunately a poor defence against humans. Pangolins feed on ants and termites with their long sticky tongues, and the mother carries her young infant on her back. They are the holy grail of wildlife sightings for many tourists and indeed safari guides, such is their rarity. I must confess the first time I saw a pangolin in the wild, I was moved to tears – part joy and part sadness at just how vulnerable they are. Best place to see a pangolin: in winter at Tswalu Private Game Reserve, South Africa [#03.] Black Rhino Black Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’…. Black rhinos are actually grey in color and are distinguished from white rhinos by their pointed, prehensile upper lip, whereas white rhinos have square lips. Black rhino calves usually follow their mother – whereas white rhino calves often trot along in front. Black rhinos are largely solitary and are browsers rather than grazers – hence their hooked lip. Black rhinos are classified as Critically Endangered, as they have been decimated by poaching for their horn. The most recent numbers estimate less than 5000 in 2010, however, numbers are likely to have decreased further since then, despite valiant conservation efforts. Best places to see black rhino: Ngorogoro Crater, Tanzania Etosha National Park, Namibia Damaraland, Namibia Matobo National Park, Zimbabwe [#04.] White Rhino White Rhino…!!’?’…!!’?’… It is sad that, after successful conservation efforts increased their numbers dramatically in the 1960’s, once again, white rhino has become one of the most endangered animals in Africa. This is due to illegal poaching to satisfy the increased demand for their horn by Asian markets. Valiant conservation efforts are once again underway to save the white rhino, and South Africa is still its stronghold. The white rhino is larger than the black rhino and has square lips for grazing. Best places to see white rhino: Kruger National Park, South Africa uMkhuze Game Reserve, South Africa Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Game Reserve, South Africa Sabi Sand Game Reserve, South Africa [#05.]Mountain Gorilla Mountain Gorilla..!!’?’…!!’?’… Although mountain gorillas are still considered one of the most endangered animals in Africa, the good news is that their numbers are actually on the increase. An encounter with mountain gorillas should be on everyone’s bucket list. Although it is an expensive trip, believe me, it is worth every dollar! You will never forget the hour you spend with these gentle giants. It is your tourist dollars that are helping to protect and conserve the mountain gorillas and their forests – another reason to visit.!! Best place to see mountain gorillas: Bwindi National Park, Uganda [#06.]African Wild Dog? African Wild Dog…!!’?’…!!’?’ Previously viewed as vermin, thankfully the African wild dog has had a very good PR makeover over the last few years and has now become one of the most wished-for safari sightings. Sightings on safari are often by luck, as the dogs cover huge distances in search of prey, and it is only when they are denning (usually the dry season months) that they remain in the same place for a few weeks. Personally they are my favorite animal to see on safari, as they are such sociable carnivores. It is a privilege to watch their frenzied “greeting ceremony”, when they are getting to get ready to hunt – making all sorts of un-dog-like chittering and chirping noises. African wild dogs require huge ranges and consequently habitat fragmentation has caused their decline. Other threats include diseases from domestic dogs, persecution by livestock farmers, road accidents and incidental snaring. Best places to see African wild dog: Mana Pools National Park, Zimbabwe Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa Linyanti Concession, Botswana Selinda Concession, Botswana [#07.] African Penguin African Penguin…!!’?’…!!’?’ For visitors to Cape Town, it is hard to imagine that the African penguin is one of the most endangered species in Africa. They are easy to see at Boulders Bay on the Cape Peninsula, where there is a visitor centre and boardwalk past their nests. However, sadly, African penguin numbers have plummeted in recent years due to depleted fish stocks from over fishing and fish stocks moving further west due to climate change. The African penguin is also at risk from oil spills. This is the only penguin species breeding in Africa, and they are easily recognisable by their dapper black and white plumage and jack-ass braying call. Best place to see African penguins: Cape Point, South Africa [#08.] Rothschild’s…Giraffe Rothschild’s giraffe…!!’?’…!!… The giraffe is one of Africa’s most recognisable and iconic animals and the tallest land mammal. While giraffes are commonly seen on safari, people are unaware that the numbers of these majestic animals are crashing dramatically outside of protected areas due to habitat loss, illegal hunting and human-wildlife conflict. There are nine subspecies of giraffe, each confined to specific regions of Africa. The Rothschild’s giraffe is now listed as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – in 2010 there were thought to be less than 670 individuals. It is found in western Kenya and eastern Uganda and it has broader dividing white lines than the reticulated giraffe and no spotting below the knees. Best places to see Rothschild’s giraffes: Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda Kidepo Vally National Park, Uganda Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda [#09.] Hooded Vulture Hooded vulture..!!’?’ Vultures are a critical component in the African landscape but their numbers are plummeting due to increased poisoning incidents. Without vultures clearing carcasses, there is a risk in the increase of disease – as has happened in India, where they have lost 95% of their vultures. The hooded vulture is now one of the most endangered species in Africa – recently upgraded to Critically Endangered. They are easy to distinguish from other vultures by their small size and thin hooked bill. Best places to see hooded vultures: Moremi National Park, Botswana Kruger National Park, South Africa Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe [#10.] Chimpanzee Chimpanzee…!!’?’ When you look into the eyes of a wild chimpanzee, it is easy to understand that this is man’s closest relative – we share 98% of the same genes. Their behavior is distinctively human-like too. Tracking chimpanzees in the wild is one of the most exciting safari activities – it really does feel like you are in the middle of your very own wildlife documentary. Chimpanzees are classified as one of the most endangered animals in Africa – the biggest threat to their survival is habitat loss and an increasing demand for bushmeat…!!’? Best places to see chimpanzees: Gombe National Park, Tanzania Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania Kibale National Park, Uganda Want To Go on an African Safari? Click on the button below to compare African safaris offered by top-rated tour operators. 10,441 African Safaris *<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/806135/gdp-of-the-arab-world/</ref>. * <ref>https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/8-fascinating-facts-about-arab-culture/</ref>. * https://en.idi.org.il/articles/38540 * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tag/saudi-arabia/ * https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8 * https://www.worlddata.info/languages/#google_vignette * https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-tech-giants-worth-compared-economies-countries// * https://www.arabnews.com/node/1823401/saudi-arabia <Ref>https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php</Ref> <Ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/most-educated-countries</Ref>.: <Ref>https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020</Ref>.: * https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-countries-with-the-best-education-systems.html * https://www.worldatlas.com/history/10-countries-which-have-never-been-colonised-by-europeans.html <Ref>https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/economic-data/richest-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. <Ref>https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world</Ref>. * https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/brunei-darussalam/articles/11-things-that-are-illegal-in-brunei/ |date=20220701200249 }} * https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/03/who-was-iranian-general-qasem-soleimani-and-why-his-killing-matters.html *https://almashareq.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_am/features/2022/02/04/feature-02 <Ref>https://www.espn.com/soccer/standings/_/league/ita.1</Ref>.: ** https://www.quora.com/How-accurate-is-the-assertion-that-Britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries-in-the-world <Ref>https://kottke.org/12/11/britain-has-invaded-all-but-22-countries</Ref>. * https://www.goodcountry.org/index/your-questions/countries-included/youve-left-out-a-number-of-territories-nations-why-is-this/ *<ref>https://visaindex.com/country/indonesia-passport-ranking/</ref> *<ref>https://industryarabic.com/arabic-facts-statistics/</ref>. <Ref>https://www.xe.com/popularity.php</Ref>.:• <Ref>https://www.eurosport.com/football/serie-a/2024-2025/standings.shtml</Ref>.: *<Ref>https://www.globalizationpartners.com/2016/06/30/10-facts-about-arab-culture-infographic/#:~:text=The%20Arab%20world%20stretches%20across,various%20ethnic%20and%20religious%20backgrounds.</ref>. <Ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/14/some-300-children-drowned-trying-to-reach-europe-so-far-this-year</ref>.: * https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} {{Wayback|url=https://theculturetrip.com/middle-east/iran/articles/how-did-iran-get-its-name/ |date=20220530164249 }} * https://www.4icu.org/top-universities-africa/ '!!`{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sagaalaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/countries-never-colonized {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/e/European_Union.htm |date=20220819192938 }} * https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-arab-citizens-israel * https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-iraq-power-centres-creating-havoc.: {{Wayback|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_tree_of_Muhammad#:~:text=This%20family%20tree%20is%20about,Ishmael%20through%20the%20Hashim%20tribe.|date=20220707081051 }} * https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.sporcle.com/blog/2019/03/what-countries-are-transcontinental/ |date=20240614155515 }} * https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/02/335958/morocco-exposes-polisario-algerias-propaganda-in-letter-to-un/ * https://themuslim500.com/book-reviews-2023.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/wikispeedia/wpcd/wp/a/Arabic_language.htm |date=20220920172709 }} {{Wayback|url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/arab-countries.:•{{Dead link|date=Bisha Koobaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 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Nepal.svg{{!}}x125px | flag_border = no | image_coat = | symbol_type = Emblem | symbol_width = 100px | national_motto = {{native phrase|sa|जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी|italics=off}}<br/>{{native phrase|en|Mother and Motherland are Greater than Heaven|italics=off}} | national_anthem = {{native phrase|ne|[[Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka|सयौं थुँगा फूलका]]|italics=off}}<br/>{{native phrase|en|Made of Hundreds of Flowers|italics=off}}<br><center></center> | image_map = Nepal (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Map of Nepal (Political and Administrative).jpg | map_width = 220px | capital = [[Kathmandu]] | largest_city = [[Kathmandu]] | coordinates = {{Coord|28|10|N|84|15|E|region:NP_type:country|display=inline,title}} | official_languages = [[Nepali language|Nepali]](Official at National level including in 6 Provinces)<br />[[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] (Official in 1 Federal State and Co-official at National level)<br />[[English language|English]](de-facto lingua franca and medium in legal documents) | national_languages = {{hlist|[[Awadhi]]|[[Bhojpuri]]|[[Bajjika]]|[[Doteli language|Doteli]]|[[Gurung language|Gurung]]|[[Kiranti languages|Kiranti]]|[[Limbu language|Limbu]]|[[Magar language|Magar]]|[[Maithili language|Maithili]]|[[Newar language|Newar]]|[[Rai Languages|Rai]]|[[Sherpa language|Sherpa]]|[[Tamang language|Tamang]]|[[Tharu language|Tharu]]|[[Urdu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Nepal |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/NP |website=Ethnologue |access-date=24 April 2016 |quote=all Regional languages are now considered national language of Nepal}}</ref>}} | ethnic_groups = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = Ethnic demography|16.6% [[Chhetri]]|12.2% [[Bahun]]|7.1% [[Magar people|Magar]]|6.6% [[Tharu people|Tharu]]|5.8% [[Tamang people|Tamang]]|5% [[Newar people|Newar]]|4.8% [[Kami people|Kami]]|4.4% [[Nepali Muslims|Muslims]]|4% [[Yadav]]|2.3% [[Rai people|Rai]]|2% [[Gurung people|Gurung]]|1.8% [[Damai]]/[[Dholi]]|1.6% [[Thakuri]]|1.5% [[Limbu people|Limbu]]|1.4% [[Sarki (ethnic group)|Sarki]]|1.4% [[Teli]]|1.3% [[Chamar]]/[[Harijan]]|1.2% [[Koiri]]/[[Kushwaha]]|19% Other}} | ethnic_groups_year = [[2011 Nepal census|2011]]<ref name=pre-cen/> {{Update inline|date=September 2017}} | religion = 81.3% [[Hinduism in Nepal|Hinduism]]<br>9% [[Buddhism in Nepal|Buddhism]]<br>4.4% [[Islam in Nepal|Islam]]<br>3% [[Kirant Mundhum|Kirant]]<br>1.4% [[Christianity in Nepal|Christianity]]<br>0.4% [[Animism]]<br>0.5% [[Irreligion]]<ref name="2011census">[http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf 2011 Nepal Census Report] {{Wayback|url=http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf |date=20130418041642 }} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418041642/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf |date=18 April 2013 }}</ref><ref name=Shrestha2005>{{cite journal|last=Shrestha|first=Khadga Man|title=Religious Syncretism and Context of Buddhism in Modern Nepal|journal=Voice of History|year=2005|volume=20|issue=1|pages=51–60|url=http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/VOH/article/view/85/78|access-date=2018-07-23|archive-date=2017-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810210744/http://www.nepjol.info/index.php/VOH/article/view/85/78|url-status=dead}}</ref> | demonym = [[Nepalis|Nepalese]] | government_type = [[Federal republic|Federal]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Nepal|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Bidhya Devi Bhandari]] | leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Nepal|Vice President]] | leader_name2 = [[Nanda Kishor Pun]] | leader_title3 = [[List of Prime Ministers of Nepal|Prime Minister]] | leader_name3 = [[Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli|K.P. Sharma Oli]] | leader_title6 = [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House Speaker]] | leader_name6 = [[Krishna Bahadur Mahara]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.myrepublica.com/news/37751/?categoryId=81 |title=Krishna Bahadur Mahara elected Speaker |website=My Republica |language=en |access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> | leader_title5 ={{nowrap|[[National Assembly (Nepal)|Assembly Chairman]]}} | leader_name5 = Ganesh Prasad Timilsina | leader_title4= [[Chief Justice of Nepal|Chief Justice]] | leader_name4 = [[Deepak Raj Joshee]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://supremecourt.gov.np/pages/cv_justices/cv_DipakRajJoshi.html |title=Honorable Mr. Deepak Raj Joshee |website=supremecourt.gov.np |access-date=18 March 2018 |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |archive-date=18 Bisha Saddexaad 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318183318/http://supremecourt.gov.np/pages/cv_justices/cv_DipakRajJoshi.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> (Acting) | legislature = [[Federal parliament of Nepal|Federal Parliament]] | upper_house = [[National Assembly (Nepal)|National Assembly]] | lower_house = [[House of Representatives (Nepal)|House of Representatives]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Nepal|Formation]] | established_event1 = {{nowrap|[[Kingdom of Nepal|Kingdom declared]]}} | established_date1 = 25 September 1768<ref name="Royal Ark">{{cite web|url=http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/nepal5.htm |title=Nepal5 |publisher=Royalark.net |date= |accessdate=14 February 2014}}</ref> | established_event2 = [[2006 democracy movement in Nepal|State declared]] | established_date2 = 18 May 2006<ref name="Vote to curb Nepal king's powers">{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4992508.stm | title=Vote to curb Nepal king's powers | date=18 May 2006 | agency=BBC | accessdate=May 19, 2018}}</ref> | established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Republic Day (Nepal)|Republic declared]]}} | established_date3 = 29 May 2008 | area_km2 = 147,181 | area_rank = 93rd <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 56,827 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 2.8 | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Nepal}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_estimate_rank = 48th | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_census = 26,494,504<ref name=pre-cen>{{cite web|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report) |url=http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf |publisher=Central Bureau of Statistics (Nepal) |accessdate=26 November 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418041642/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf |archivedate=18 April 2013 }}</ref> | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 180 | population_density_sq_mi = 518 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = 62nd | GDP_PPP = $74.020 billion<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_year = 2016 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,573<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$24.067 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=subject&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=34&pr1.y=16&c=558&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Nepal|publisher=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=12 March 2016}}</ref>}} ((107th)) | GDP_nominal_year = 2016 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $837<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 32.8 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2010 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/|title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=2 March 2011}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.558 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2016 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf//|date=2017|accessdate=22 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322153238/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|archivedate=22 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 144th | currency = [[Nepalese rupee]] | currency_code = NPR | time_zone = [[Nepal Standard Time]] | utc_offset = [[UTC+05:45|+05:45]] | DST_note = {{nowrap|''[[Daylight saving time|DST]] not observed''}} | drives_on = [[Right- and left-hand traffic|left]] | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Nepal|+977]] | cctld = [[.np]]<br>[[.np|.नेपाल]] | area_magnitude = 1 E10 }} [[w:mr:नेपाळ]] [[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|thumb|Calanka]] [[File:Nepal in its region.svg||thumb|Nebal (Aasiya)]] '''Nepal''' Waa dal yar oo ay shiikhisay qaarad la-mooda [[Hindiya]], Dalkan yar waxaa soo daashaday Boqortooyo badh ax-tiran, oo ku salaysan kali-talisnimo iyo xukunka oo la kala dhaxlo. Bishii May 28 keedii, Sanakdii 2008 dii ayey Nepal ka takhalustay Baqortooyo guun ah oo soo maamulaysay 240 sanadood, Waxayna isu rogtay Jamhuuriyad Dimuqraadi ah. Barta Ay Ku Taalo: Nepal waxa ay ku taala Koonfurta [[Aasiya]], waxa ay u d haxaysaa labada wadan ee Dunida ugu dadka badan [[Shiinaha]] iyo [[Hindiya]]. Hindiya ayaa kaga xeeran, jihooyinka ,Galbeed, Koonfur iyo Bari, halka ay Jihada Wa qooyina xad kala wadaagto Shiinaha. Waxa ay Shiinaha la wadaagtaa xuduud dhan 1,389 KM, Halka ay Hindiya Kala wadaagto xuduud lagu qiyaasay 1,770 Km, Nepal Malaha wax badd ah.Dhulka: Nepa l waxa ay ku taalaa buuralayda Himalaaya, dhulkeedu waa dhul buureed raf ah, Waxaa ku yaala figta caalamka ugu dheer ee Everest oo joogeedu gaadhayo ilaa  8848 Mitir. Baaxaadda dhulka ay ku fadhido Nepal waxaa lagu qiyaasaa ilaa 147181 Kiiloo Mitir oo Isku wareeg ah, Waana dalka 94 aad dhinaca baaxada dhul ka. Boqolkiiba 97 dhulkeedu waa barri, halka dhulka biyuhu qotomaana uu u dhigmo baqolkiiba 3. Cimilada: Gobolada Waqooyi ee Nepal waxa ka jirta Cimilo q abaw ah Xagaagii, Xilliga  Jiilaakuna aad ayuu u darran yahay. Lakin gobolada Koonfureed, Cimilada xagaagu waa Mid u dhaw cimilada dhul-badhaha, halka ay dhexdhexaad tahay Cimiladu xilliga Jiilaalka. Caasimada : Ka thmandu. Luqada: Luqada rasmiga ah waa Nepali waxaa ku hadla boqolkiiba 44.6, Waxaa ku xiga afka Maithali oo ay ku hadlaan Boqolkiiba 11.7 , waxaa ku sii  xiga afka Bhojpuri, waxaana isku fahma boqolkiiba 6, Waxaa kale dalka lagaga hadlaa afafka Tharu, Tanang, Newar, Magar, Bajjika, Urdu, Acadhi, Limbu, Gu rung iyo luqado kale. Diinta: Diraasad la sameeyey sanakdii 2011 ayaa muujisay in dadka reer Nepal boqolkiiba 81.3 ay aaminsanyihiin Hindu, halka boqolki iba 9 ay yihiin [[Gootama buuda|Buddhist]] Muslmiinta dalkan ayaa u dhigma Boqolkiiba 4.4 (lakin waxaa dhici karta in ay ka badanyihiin), dad lagu qiyaasay boqolkiiba 3.1 ayaa aaminsan waxa loo yaqaano Kirant, Boqolkiiba 1.4 waa [[Kiristaan]]. Dadka: Qiyaas la qaaday sadandkii tagay ayaa ku qiyaastay tirada dadka ku nool Nepal ilaa 30,986,975 oo ruu x, Waana dalka 42aad. Xadiga tarmida shacabkan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa boqolkiiba 1.82, waxaanu ku jiraa kaalinta 66aad dhinaca badashada dadka. Celceliska c imri-dherarka reer Nepal ayaa gaadha 67 sanadood, Haweenka reer nepal ayaa ka cimri dheer ragga, Dhaqaalaha: Nepal waxa ay ka mid tahay wadamada ugu sabo olsan uguna hormarka yar Dunida, - Shacabka reer Nepal Boqolkiiba 25 waxa ay kunool yihiin dhaqaale ka hooseeya Xariiqa Sabooltinimada, dhaqaalaha dalka waxaa si weyn u kaaba lacagaha di bada laga soo xawilo oo u dhigama Boqolkiiba 25 wax soosaarka dalka. Beeruhuna waa isha dhaqaale ee ugu weyn dalkan, dad lagu qiyaasay baqolkiiba 70 ayey  noloshoodu ku tiirsantahay beerashada. Wax-soo-saarka sanadlaha ah ee Nepal waxaa lagu qiyaasay 19.64 Bilyan oo Dollar, Qofka reer Nepal sanadkii waxa u soo xarooda dakhli gaadhaya 2400 oo Dollar. Waana dalka 44aad marka la eego dhakhli shakhsiyeedka. Heerka Shaqo la'aantuna waxa uu cagacagaynaya boqolkii ba 42, Waana dalka 195 aad dhinca shaqo la'aanta. Heerka Sicir bararka ayaa isna garaacaya boqolkiiba 8.4 . - Khayraadka Dabeeciga Ah: Dalkani waxa uu qani ku yahay quartz, Biyaha Dabeeciga ah, Looxa, Tamarta laga dhaliyo Biyaha, Muuqaalo Bilic leh oo Debeeci a h, Naxaasta iyo Xadiida. Waxbarashada: Dawlada Nepal tacab badan ma galiso tacliinta, Waxa ay ku bixisaa dhinaca wax-barashada dakhli u dhigma boqolkiiba  4.7 wax soo saarkeeda, waana dalka 87aad dhinca kobcinta Wax-barashada. Dadka da'doodu ka wayn tahay 15 sano ee awooda akhriska iyo qoraalka waxaa lagu qiyaasaa Boqolkiiba 63.9. Celceliska da'da dugsiyada lagaga qalin jabiyaana waa 12 sano. Caafimaadka: Xukuumada Nepal, Boqolkiiba 6, Wax soo saarkeeda waxa ay ku bixisaa dhinaca caafimaadka, Waana wadanka 125aad dhinaca daryeelka caafimaad.  Qiyaas la qaaday sanadkii 2013 ayaa lagu tira-koobay dadka la nool Xanuunka dilaaga ah ee HIV/[[AIDS]] 3300 oo ruux, taas micnaheedu waxa weeye in Nepal ay ku jirto kaalinta 61 aad marka la eegayo dadka la nool AIDs-ka, sidoo kale waxaa lagu qiyaasay tirada dadka uu galaaftay xanuunkani 3300. Dadka Ka cabana ya Buurnida xad-dhaafka ah ayaa iyaguna uga dhigma boqolkiiba 2.9 tirada guud ee bulshada.  <br><gallery class=center caption="Nebal"> Swayambhunath-Ausblick auf Kathmandu-06-2007-gje.jpg|Kathmandu from Swayambhunath Kathmandu-Hanuman Dhoka-Nasal Chowk-32-2013-gje.jpg|Kathmandu Patan-Palast-Sundhara Chowk-02-Brunnen-gje.jpg|Patan Bhaktapur-Palastplatz 03 mit Siddhilakshmi-Cyasilim-Bhupatindramalla-Saeule-Vatsala-Yaksheshvara-gje.jpg|Bhaktapur Cho La-12-Traeger-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya Chhukung Ri-228-Berge-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya Ghorepani-Tadapani-90-Treppe-Lasttier-2013-gje.jpg|Kaski District Mustang-Dhakmar-48-Tenzin Hotel-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang Mustang-Samar to Syangboche-82-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang </gallery> Do you know.!’?’ Pornographic sites receive more monthly traffic than [[Amazon]]; [[Facebook]]; [[Netflix]] and [[Twitter]] combined...!’!’?’ {{Dalalka Aasiya}} [[Category:Nebal]] nr2ozv00sdf9bsugj177la9j29oslzm 0 6416 305506 292762 2026-08-18T05:49:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Galmudug''' ( [[Carabi]] : جلمدج ; [[Af-Taliyaani]] : Galmudugh ), si rasmi ah Galmudug State of Somalia ( [[Af Soomaali|Somali]] : Maamul-Goboleedka Galmudug ee [[Soomaaliya]] ), waa [[Soomaaliya|maamul-goboleed federaal]] ah oo ku yaalla bartamaha [[Soomaaliya]] , xarunteeduna tahay [[Dhuusamareeb]] Dhanka waqooyi waxaa xad la leh maamul goboleedka [[Puntland]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] , galbeedna waxaa ka xiga gobolka Soomaalida [[Itoobiya]] , bari waxaa ka xiga [[badweynta Hindiya]] iyo koofurta dowlad goboleedka [[Hirshabeelle]] ee [[Soomaaliya]] . Magaca Galmudug oo ka kooban gobolka [[Galguduud]] iyo gobolka [[Mudug]] ayaa ka dhashay isku-dhafka magacyada labada gobol. Galmudug waa maamul goboleed ka tirsan [[Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya|jamhuuriyadda federaalka Soomaaliya]] ,sida uu qeexayo [[Dastuurka Soomaaliya|dastuurka KMG ah ee Soomaaliya]] {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Galmudug |other_name =ولاية جلمدج الصومالية ([[Carabi]]) |native_name = Maamul-Goboleedka Galmudug ee Soomaaliya Galmudug State of Somalia ([[Ingiriis]]) |nickname = |settlement_type = |motto ="{{lang|so|[[Qolobaa Calankeed]]|italic=no}}"<Br><center>[[File:Somalian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]]</center> |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag =File:Flag of Galmudug State of Somalia (2015).svg |flag_size = |image_shield =Coat of arms of Galmudug.svg |seal_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |coordinates ={{Coord|5|30|07|N|46|22|46|E|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=title}} |pushpin_map =Somalia |pushpin_label_position =bottom |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Goobta Galmudug Soomaaliya |coordinates_display = |coordinates_region = |subdivision_type =Wadanka |subdivision_name ={{flag|Somalia}} | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_type2 = Caasimadda | subdivision_type3 = Jinsiga | subdivision_name1 = | subdivision_name2 = [[Dhuusamareeb]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Soomaali]] |government_note = |government_type = Dawlad federaal ah oo hoos timaad dimoqraadiyad madaxweyne |leader_title = Madaxweyne |leader_name = Axmed Cabdi Kaariye |leader_title2 =[[Soomaaliya|ISO 3166 code]] |leader_name2 =[[Soomaaliya|So]] |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title1 = Lacagta |leader_name1 = [[Somali shilling]] (SOS) |established_title =Luuqadaha rasmiga ah |established_date =([[Af Soomaali]]), ([[Carabi]]) |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_note = |area_total_km2 = 100,370 |area_land_km2 = |population_as_of =(2014) |population_footnotes =<ref> [https://nbs.gov.so https://nbs.gov.so]</ref> |population_note = |population_total = 1,300,000 |population_density_km2 = |timezone =[[East Africa Time|EAT]] |utc_offset =+3 |timezone_DST =(lama arkin) |utc_offset_DST =+3 |latd=|latm=|lats=|latNS= |longd=|longm=|longs=|longEW= |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = |postal_code_type = |postal_code =252 |area_code =[[+252]] (Somali) |blank_name = |blank_info = |website =https://galmudug.gov.so/ |footnotes =[[Soomaaliya|Dawladaha xubinta ka ah Dawladda Federaalka]] gudaha [[Soomaaliya]] }} ==Goobta== Galmudug waa meesha ugu bartamaha Soomaaliya . Waxay qiyaastii 750 km u jirtaa Muqdisho , Boosaaso iyo Harar ee dalka Itoobiya . Gobolka waxaa bari ka xiga badweynta Hindiya ,galbeed waxaa ka xiga Itoobiya , waqooyina waxaa ka xiga Puntland , koonfurtana waxaa xad la leh Hirshabeelle . ==Taariikhda== Waxaa la dhisay maamulka Galmudug. Maxamed Warsame Cali ‘Kiimiko’ ayaa loo doortay madaxweynaha cusub ee maamulka, waxaana magaalada Gaalkacyo looga dhawaaqay inay tahay caasimadda cusub ee siyaasadda. Maamulka Galmudug ayaa ka hadlay dagaalka ka socda gobolada Galgaduud , Mudug iyo Galguduud . Xiriirka u dhaxeeya Galmudug iyo Puntland ee ka xiga waqooyigeeda ayaa taariikh ahaan ahaa mid kacsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada gobol waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u qaadeen tallaabooyin lagu xoojinayo xiriirka ka dhexeeya gobollada. Si taas loo gaaro, wakiilo ka socda labada maamul ayaa heshiis ku kala saxiixday February 2011 magaalada Garoowe ee caasimadda Puntland, heshiiskaas oo labada dowladood ay si rasmi ah ugu heshiiyeen iskaashiga dhinacyada amniga, dhaqaalaha iyo arrimaha bulshada. ===Doorashada madaxweynaha=== 1-dii Agoosto 2012, Baarlamaanka Galmudug oo ka kooban 25 Kursi ayaa Madaxweyne cusub u doortay General Cabdi Xasan Cawaale (Qaybdiid). Waxa uu bedelay Madaxweynihii hore Maxamed Axmed Caalin oo dalka dibadiisa lagu daweynayay. [ 12 ] Qaybdiid ayaa helay 22 cod iyo 1 cod oo uu helay musharraxa kale ee Cabdisamad Nuur Guuleed. Qaybdiid ayaa intaas kadib loo dhaariyay xilka Madaxweynaha Galmudug, kaddib munaasabad ka dhacday magaalada Gaalkacyo oo lagu xusayay sannad-guuradii 6-aad ee kasoo wareegtay markii la dhisay maamulka Galmudug. Qaybdiid ayaa khudbadiisii ​​caleema saarka ka hor ku celceliyay balan qaadkiisii ​​ahaa in uu adkayn doono amniga gobolka, in uu maamulkiisa ku fidin doono meelo aysan ka hadlin maamul goboleedyada, iyo in uu xiriir la yeelan doono dowlad goboleedyada deriska ah iyo hay’adaha qaranka. ===Heerka rasmiga ah=== Laga bilaabo 2013-ka, waxaa si rasmi ah loo dhameystirayaa maqaamka rasmiga ah ee Galmudug oo ah maamul goboleed. Maamulka Qaybdiid ayaa sheegay in Galmudug ay buuxisay shuruudihii looga baahnaa maamul goboleed, sida ku cad dastuurka federaalka. Laga bilaabo Abriil 2013 , maamulka federaalku ma aqbaleen sheegashadan. Qodobka 49-aad ee Dastuurka Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah , kaasoo ilaalinaya dhisidda maamul-goboleedyada Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, wuxuu dhigayaa "in iyadoo lagu salaynayo go'aan iskaa wax u qabso ah, laba gobol iyo in ka badan ay isku biiri karaan si ay u sameystaan ​​dowlad xubin ka ah federaalka". Maadaama Galmudug ay ku jirto qayb ka mid ah gobolka Mudug ee rasmiga ah, wasiirka arrimaha gudaha ee dowladda federaalka C/kariin Guuleed ayaa ku booriyay maamullada deegaannada Galmudug inay ku biiraan maamul-goboleedyada kale ee ay ka mid yihiin Ximin iyo Xeeb , si loo sameeyo hal maamul oo mideysan oo ka kooban laba gobol iyo wixii ka badan, si waafaqsan dastuurka. 30kii Luulyo 2014, Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya waxay si rasmi ah u ansixisay Maamul Goboleedka cusub ee Gobollada Dhexe , ka dib heshiis ay Muqdisho ku kala saxiixdeen wakiillo ka kala socday Galmudug, Ximan iyo Xeeb iyo Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca . Munaasabadda lagu soo dhisay maamul cusub oo federaal ah oo lagu qabtay xarunta madaxtooyada Villa Soomaaliya ayaa waxaa shir guddoominayay Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud iyo Ra’iisul Wasaare Cabdiweli Sheekh Axmed , iyadoo ay goob joog ka ahaayeen wakiillo ka socday Qaramada Midoobay, Midowga Yurub, AU, IGAD iyo AMISOM. Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Ra’iisul Wasaaraha, Dowladda Federaalka ayaa magacawday guddi heer wasiir ah oo hagi doona dhismaha maamul goboleedka cusub. Waxaa kale oo ay soo qaban qaabisay kulamo wadatashi ah oo ay la yeelanayeen wakiilada gobolka, iyadoo qolo walba ay ugu dambeyntii isku raacday in maamul cusub loo sameeyo gobollada Mudug iyo Galguduud. Sidoo kale, Maamul-goboleedka Gobollada Dhexe waxa uu hoos imanayaa Dastuurka Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah. 31-July-2014, Maamul-goboleedka Puntland ee Waqooyi Bari Soomaaliya ayaa soo saaray War-saxaafadeed ay ku diiddan yihiin Heshiiskii Maamul-goboleedka Gobollada Dhexe, iyagoo ku sababeeyey inuu ka hor-imanayo Qodobbo iyo Qodobbo ka mid ah Dastuurka Federaalka Ku-meel-gaarka ah, isla markaana ka hor-imanaya Awoodda Puntland ee Waqooyiga Gobolka Mudug. Golaha Wasiirada Puntland oo uu hogaaminayo Madaxweynaha Puntland Cabdiweli Maxamed Cali Gaas ayaa sidoo kale wax laga xumaado ku tilmaamay ka qaybgalka iyo ka qaybgalka heshiiska wakiillada dawladda dhexe iyo beesha caalamka, siday u kala horreeyaan. Sidoo kale waxay hakisay xiriirkii ay la lahayd maamulka Muqdisho, waxayna dib ugu yeertay wakiillada Puntland u metelaya Baarlamaanka Federaalka, Golaha Xukuumadda Federaalka iyo Guddiga dib u eegista Dastuurka Federaalka oo wadatashiyo u tagay magaalo madaxda Puntland ee Garoowe . 9-kii August 2014-ka, Ergayga QM, EU iyo IGAD ee Somalia ayaa si wadajir ah u soo saaray War-murtiyeed ay si wadajir ah u soo saareen Maamulka Puntland, kaasi oo ku aadan in Maamulka cusub ee Gobolada Dhexe ee Somalia uusan ku darin wax dhul ah oo hoos yimaada Puntland. Sida ay mas’uuliyiintu sheegeen, wakiillada iyo saxiixayaasha dowladda federaalka ayaa ka hor inta aan la saxiixin heshiiska maamulka gobollada dhexe tilmaamay in heshiiskan uu quseeyo oo kaliya Galguduud iyo Galmudug, halka Waqooyiga Mudugna ay ahaanayaan qeyb ka mid ah maamulka Puntland. August 24, 2014, Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka Federaalka Maxamed Cismaan Jawaari ayaa ku dhawaaqay in Xildhibaanada Federaalka ee ka soo jeeda Puntland ay bilaabeen wada-xaajood dhexmara dowladda federaalka iyo maamul-goboleedka Puntland. 14-October-2014, Shir saddex maalmood ka socday magaalada Garoowe ayaa lagu soo gebagebeeyey heshiis ka kooban 12 qodob oo ay wada gaareen Dowladda Federaalka iyo Maamulka Puntland, kaasi oo dhigaya in heshiiskii hore ee Maamulka Gobollada Dhexe ee Galmudug iyo Ximin iyo Xeeb uu quseeyo oo kaliya Gobollada Galguduud iyo Koonfurta Mudug. 25-kii December 2014, ka hor shirka maamul u sameynta ee ka furmaya Cadaado, dowladda Federaalka ayaa magacawday lix guddi oo kormeeri doona dhismaha maamulka la filayo in uu ka dhaco gobollada dhexe ee Soomaaliya. Guddiyada qaban qaabada waxaa ka mid ah guddi farsamo oo fududeynaya maamul u sameynta Gobollada Dhexe, waxaana guddoomiye u ah Xaliimo Ismaaciil Ibraahim; guddiga dastuurka, oo uu guddoomiye u yahay Cabdinuur Macallin Maxamuud; Guddi dib u heshiisiin ah oo loo xilsaaray xallinta khilaafaadka iyo soo xulidda ergada, guddigaas oo uu guddoomiye u yahay Sheekh Cumar Maxamuud Mahad; guddiga amniga, hab-maamuuska iyo kormeerka, kaasoo uu guddoomiye u yahay Cuuke Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan; guddiga abaabulka, oo uu guddoomiye u yahay Cabdullaahi Cabdi Cabdille; iyo gudida qaabaynta ergooyinka iyo marti sharafta oo uu gudoomiye u yahay Daahir Xasan Guutaale. Dabayaaqadii bishii March ee sanadkii 2015-ka ayay aheyd markii Madaxweyne Maxamuud iyo Odayaasha Dhaqanka Dhuusamareeb ay bilaabeen wada hadalo ku aadan suurta galnimada in shirka Cadaado loo wareejiyo Magaalada Dhuusa Mareeb. Maxamuud ayaa door biday in shir madaxeedka lagu qabto Cadaado, halka odayaasha dhaqanka ay u door bideen Dhuusamareeb arrimo la xiriira amniga iyo maadaama magaalada ay dhawaanahan martigelisay shirar yar yar oo dib u heshiisiin ah. Bishii Abriil 2015, wadahadallo wadatashi ah oo uu la yeeshay siyaasiyiinta deegaanka iyo odayaasha dhaqanka, ayuu Madaxweyne Maxamuud ku dhawaaqay in Dhuusamareeb la doonayo inay noqoto caasimadda maamulka Gobollada Dhexe. 16kii Abriil, Madaxweyne Maxamuud ayaa si rasmi ah Cadaado uga furay shirka maamul u sameynta gobollada dhexe. Shir madaxeedka ayaa waxaa ka soo qeyb galay Wasiiro iyo Xildhibaano ka tirsan Dowladda Federaalka, Guddoomiyaha Guddiga Farsamada Maamul u sameynta, Xaliimo Ismaaciil, Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Soomaaliya Danjire Nicholas Kay, Safiirka IGAD Maxamed Cabdi Afey, Safiirka Turkiga Olgen Bakar iyo Ergeyga Gaarka ah ee Uganda Nathan Mugisha. Sida uu sheegay Maxamuud, Madax-dhaqameedka ayaa hadda loo xilsaaray in ay soo xulaan 510 ergo, kuwaas oo muddo laba toddobaad gudahood ah ku soo dooran doona Madaxweyne cusub oo maamul goboleed. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Dhulka Galmudug ee bartamaha Soomaaliya waxaa dega qabiil weynta Hawiye ee Habar Gidir , Sheekhaal , Duduble , Abgaal , Murusade . Gobolka waxaa ku nool dad aad u badan oo ka soo jeeda beesha Daarood ,iyadoo beesha Mareexaan ay si gaar ah uga dhex muuqato. Mareexaan ayaa si weyn ugu sugan guud ahaan dowlad goboleedka Galmudug, gaar ahaan gobolka Galgaduud . Waxay yihiin aqlabiyadda degmada Caabudwaaq waxayna si weyn u joogaan Balanballe , Cadaado , Ceel Dheer , iyo Dhuusa Mareeb . Qaar ka mid ah beelaha Mareexaan ayaa ku lug yeeshay khilaafyada soo noqnoqda ee beelaha deriska ah, gaar ahaan degmooyinka Caabudwaaq iyo Xeraale. Degmooyinka Caabudwaaq iyo Xeraale . Sidoo kale qoyska Dir ayaa ku sugan gobolka, gaar ahaan beesha Surre . Surre waxa ay degan yihiin meelo kala duwan oo Galgaduud ah , oo ay ku jiraan deegaano ku xeeran Xeraale iyo Ceel Buur , waxayna taariikh ahaan ku leeyihiin miyi iyo magaalaba. Beelahooda waxay si joogta ah ula falgalaan dadka deriska ah ee Mareexaan iyo Hawiye iyaga oo adeegsanaya isbahaysi iyo hab-qaybsi dhul. ==Maamulka== Madaxweynaha Galmudug waa madaxa fulinta; Madaxweynuhu waa madaxa dawladda iyo madaxa dawladda labadaba. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu magacaabi karaa oo xilka ka qaadi karaa xubnaha Golaha Wasiirada. Bishii Ogosto 2017, Madaxweyne Geelle waxa uu magacaabay laba iyo labaatan xubnood oo cusub. Laga bilaabo 6 December 2017, Madaxa Xukuumadda Galmudug waxaa loo magacaabay Maxamed Cali Xasan . Doorashadii lagu eedeeyay dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya inay faragelin ku heyso, Axmed Cabdi Kaariye (Qoor Qoor) ayaa noqday madaxweynihii lixaad ee maamulka Galmudug bishii Febraayo 2020. Sidoo kale, maamulka Galmudug ayaa soo magacaabaya guddoomiyeyaal gobol kasta oo uu ka kooban yahay. Gudoomiyaha gobolka Mudug Cawes Cali Siciid. Bishii Nofeembar 2014, maamul goboleedka Galmudug oo kaashanaya wasaaradda arrimaha gudaha dowladda federaalka iyo hay’adda Tess-ka Mareykanka ayaa dhagax dhigay xarun cusub oo dowladda laga dhisayo Gaalkacyo. Mashruucii afraad ee maxali ah, hindisahani waxa uu daba socday samaynta xafiiska cusub ee madaxtooyada, xarunta adeega bulshada iyo garoon kubada cagta ah. Bishii April 2015, maamulka Galmudug ayaa olole lagu qodo bulaacadaha iyo dhuumaha qaada ka bilaabay xaafadaha magaalada Gaalkacyo . Saraakiisha ciidamada dowladda hoose iyo kuwa booliiska Galmudug ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay nadiifinta dhismayaasha iyo dhismooyinka sida la sheegay aan sharciga waafaqsanayn si loogu sameeyo nidaamka cusub ee aruurinta iyo qashin-qubka. 28-kii Sebtember 2016, Wasaaradda Difaaca Mareykanka ayaa u muuqata in Puntland oo sirdoon sirdoon ah ay ku marin habaabisay weerar dhinaca cirka ah oo ka dhacay agagaarka Gaalkacyo oo sababay dhimashada 10 ka tirsan ciidamada Galmudug. ===Madaxweynayaal=== Si aad u hesho liiska madaxweynayaasha dowlad goboleedka Galmudug, fiiri Liiska madaxweynayaasha Galmudug . Madaxweynaha Galmudug ayaa hadda ah Axmed Cabdi Kaariye ==Waxbarashada== Goobaha waxbarashada ee deegaanada Galmudug ayaa u badan kuwa sida gaarka ah loo leeyahay. Bishii Maarso 2015, maamulka Galmudug ayaa ku dhawaaqay inuu qorsheynayo inuu iskuulo lacag la'aan ah ka furo dowlad goboleedka. Sida uu sheegay wasiirka waxbarashada Galmudug Maxamed Xaashi Dhalo-dhalo, dowladda hoose ayaa dhaqaalaha ku bixinaysa magacaabista macaliminta xarumaha cusub. Wasaaradda waxbarashada dowladda federaalka ayaa sidoo kale lagu wadaa in ay bilowdo tiro mashaariic waxbarasho oo dheeraad ah oo laga fulinayo gobolka. Jaamacadaha iyo kulliyadaha Galmudug waxaa ka mid ah Jaamacadda SIMAD ee Cadaado, Jaamacadda Gobollada Dhexe ee Cadaado, Jaamacadda Horn Africa ee Cadaado, Jaamacadda Mudug ee Gaalkacyo, Jaamacadda Savannah ee Guriceel. Jaamacadda Galgaduud ee Caabudwaaq, Guriceel iyo Dhuusomareeb ==Ciidamada Galmudug== September 24, 2017, waxaa la sheegay in Taliyaha Ciidamada Daraawiishta Galmudug uu ku eedeeyay Ciidamada Puntland weerar ay ku qaadeen deegaanka Cali Waal, isagoo sheegay in weerarkaas ay iska caabiyeen. Ciidanka Badda Galmudug waa ciidamo badda ah oo ka ilaaliya kheyraadka badda ee gobolka burcad-badeedda, kalluumeysiga sharci darrada ah iyo falalka kale ee sharci darrada ah ee xeebaha. Hay’adda Sirdoonka iyo Nabadsugidda Qaranka ee fadhigeedu yahay magaalada Muqdisho ayaa waxaa ay ku leedahay Galmudug shaqaale ka tirsan kuwa ka barbar shaqeeya sirdoonka Galmudug. ==Gaadiidka== Gaadiidka Hawada Galmudug waxaa u kala safan Garoonka Diyaaradaha Cadaado , Garoonka Oshaka Gaalkacyo , Garoonka Ugaas Nuur ee Dhuusamareeb , Garoonka Guriceel, Garoonka Caabudwaaq , Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Bandiiradleey, Garoonka Afbawaaqo, iyo Garoonka Diyaaradaha ee Obbia (Hobyo Airport) ee Hobyo . Intaa waxaa dheer, Hobyo waxay leedahay deked yar laakiin koraysa . ==Calanka gobolka== [[File:Flag of Galmudug.svg|thumb|Calanka Galmudug ]] Calanka Galmudug ayaa maanta oo taariikhdu tahay 17-June-2015 laga taagay magaalada Cadaado. Galmudug waxay isticmaashay calanka Soomaaliya 2006 ilaa 2010, markaasoo ay qaadatay calankii ugu horeeyay ee dowlad goboleedka. Naqshadeynta calanka dowlad goboleedka Galmudug waa Chevron cad oo ay ku xardhan yihiin laba xiddigood oo cagaar ah oo si toos ah u wajahan bannaanka buluuga ah ee khafiifka ah oo dhanka midigna ay ku taal xiddig cad. ==Koodhka hubka(Astaanta)== Jaakada Galmudug ayaa ku dhow inay la mid tahay shaadhka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed, iyadoo lagu daray Dabqaad Soomaali ah oo fooxa lagu shido, farshaxan dhaqameed oo lagu sameeyay Ceel Buur , iyo sawir-sharaf ah oo ah geed Tortilis ah oo Vachelia ah oo u taagan nabadda gaashaanka dhexdiisa. ==Maamulka== {{Maamulada Soomaaliya}} ==Tixraacyo== [https://web.archive.org/web/20180324081228/https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/field/field_document/20150902SomaliaFederalFutureMosley.pdf Ajendaha, Khatarta iyo Fursadaha Mustaqbalka ee Federaalka Soomaaliya] [http://somaliupdate.com/articles/10070/Federalism-in-Africa-The-Somalia-Case/ "Federalism in Africa: The Somalia case"] {{Wayback|url=http://somaliupdate.com/articles/10070/Federalism-in-Africa-The-Somalia-Case/ |date=20230114190831 }} [https://www.polgeonow.com/2017/08/somalia-war-who-controls-somalia-map.html?m=1/ "Khariidadda Xakamaynta Soomaaliya & Waqtiga - Agoosto 2017"] [https://icai.independent.gov.uk/html-report/uk-aid-conflict-affected-country-reducing-conflict-fragility-somalia/ "Kaalmada UK ee waddan ay colaaduhu saameeyeen: yaraynta colaadaha iyo jilicsanaanta Soomaaliya"] [http://allafrica.com/stories/201407310912.html "Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya waxay ansixisay Maamulka Gobollada Dhexe"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170202003614/http://www.criticalthreats.org/gulf-aden-security-review/gulf-aden-security-review-february-12-2016 "Dib-u-eegista Amniga Gacanka Cadmeed - Febraayo 12, 2016"] [http://allafrica.com/stories/201208030100.html "Soomaaliya: Galmudug oo Dooratay Hogaamiye Cusub, Balanqaadna Amniga"] [http://www.somaliweyn.org/pages/news/Feb_11/PL-Galmudug-Accord.pdf Heshiis ay si wadajir ah u saxiixeen Puntland iyo Galmudug] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaliweyn.org/pages/news/Feb_11/PL-Galmudug-Accord.pdf |date=20110601002746 }} [http://www.radioogaal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=651:somali-ministry-of-interior-and-national-security-&catid=38:news-in-english&Itemid=84 “War-saxaafadeed: Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha iyo Amniga Qaranka Soomaaliya”] {{Wayback|url=http://www.radioogaal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=651:somali-ministry-of-interior-and-national-security-&catid=38:news-in-english&Itemid=84 |date=20130925165956 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20140812144757/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia-Federal-Govt-endorses-central-state-after-tripartite-deal_printer.shtml "Soomaaliya: Dowladda Federaalka waxay taageertay maamul-goboleedka dhexe kadib heshiis saddex geesood ah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140812095626/http://horseedmedia.net/news/2014/07/somali-prime-minister-welcomes-agreement-form-new-administration-central-somalia/ "Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Soomaaliya oo soo dhaweeyay heshiiska maamul u sameynta gobollada dhexe ee Soomaaliya"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140802165618/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/08/somalia-puntland-cuts-its-ties-with-federal-government-following-announcement-of-central-state/ "SOOMAALIYA: Puntland waxay xiriirka u jartay dowladda Federaalka ka dib markii lagu dhawaaqay maamulka gobollada dhexe"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140821040855/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/08/somalia-un-eu-and-igad-envoys-for-somalia-send-concern-letter-to-puntland-president-after-the-region-suspended-ties-with-mogadishu/ "SOOMAALIYA: Qaramada Midoobay, Midowga Yurub iyo IGAD u qaabilsan Soomaaliya ayaa warqad walaac ah u diray madaxweynaha Puntland kadib markii gobolka uu joojiyay xiriirkii uu la lahaa Muqdisho"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160659/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/08/somalia-speaker-jawari-hails-mps-efforts-to-mediate-between-fg-and-puntland/ "SOMALIA: Guddoomiye Jawaari Oo Bogaadiyey Dadaalka Xildhibaanada Ee Dhex-dhexaadinta DFS & Puntland"] [http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=7641 "Dowladda Federaalka oo soo gabagabeysay guddiyadii fududeynayay maamul u sameynta Gobollada Dhexe"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170803214936/http://markacadeey.com/2017/06/somali-government-progress-activities-in-the-past-week-27-may-02-june-2017/ "Hawlaha Horumarineed ee Dowladda Soomaaliya Usbuucii la soo dhaafay 27 May – 02 June 2017 | Markacadeey"] [http://radioshabelle.com/galmudug-puntland-trade-blames-mudug-conflict/ "Maamulka Galmudug Iyo Puntland Oo Ka Ganacsada Colaadda Mudug"] {{Wayback|url=http://radioshabelle.com/galmudug-puntland-trade-blames-mudug-conflict/ |date=20171215123053 }} [http://www.somalitalk.com/2010/may/istambul/transport.pdf "Shirkii Istanbul ee Soomaaliya 21 - 23 May 2010 - Qabyo qoraalka doodda ee miiska wareegga "Kaabayaasha Gaadiidka"] [http://www.tageo.com/index-e-so-cities-SO.htm Dadka Magaalada & Magaalooyinka Soomaaliya] [http://maritimelandsecurity.com/federalism-in-the-central-region/ "Federalism-ka Gobollada Dhexe - Blue Border Holdings - Badbaadada Badda & Dhulka"] jvgblr004ilgqcr4ugtakfnkj9euc3l 0 7701 305475 137148 2026-08-17T13:50:28Z ~2026-44979-84 46999 /* */ 305475 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg|thumb|150px|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] '''Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart''' (magaciisa oo dhameestiran ''Yoannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart'') (ku dhashay magaalada [[Salzburg]], [[Austriya]], 27 janaayo [[1756]] - ku dhintay magaalada [[Fiyena|Wien]] [[1791]]) waxuu ahaa nin Austriyaan ah oo qoro heesaha musikada ah.Wuxuu ahaa nin aad caan ugu ahaa qorida heesaha musikada ah.Ninkaan waxuu dhintay asiga oo 35jir laakiin heesaha musikada oo qoray waxee noqdeen kuwo aad u weyn. Waxa uu ahaa Aasaasayaashii [[Maasooniyada]] [[Category:Taariikh]] [[Category:Muusig]] dr7yowz4wj25yby8d4qfh76x3fqovjy 305477 305475 2026-08-17T18:41:41Z A09 27259 Wuxuu dib u noqay badalkii uu sameeyay [[Special:Contributions/~2026-44979-84|~2026-44979-84]] ([[User talk:~2026-44979-84|wadahadal]]) kuna celiyay badalkii ka danbeeyay oo sameeyay [[User:Baronnet|Baronnet]] 137148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Louis Carrogis dit Carmontelle - Portrait de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Salzbourg, 1756-Vienne, 1791) jouant à Paris avec son père Jean... - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|150px|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] '''Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart''' (magaciisa oo dhameestiran ''Yoannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart'') (ku dhashay magaalada [[Salzburg]], [[Austriya]], 27 janaayo [[1756]] - ku dhintay magaalada [[Fiyena|Wien]] [[1791]]) waxuu ahaa nin Austriyaan ah oo qoro heesaha musikada ah.Wuxuu ahaa nin aad caan ugu ahaa qorida heesaha musikada ah.Ninkaan waxuu dhintay asiga oo 35jir laakiin heesaha musikada oo qoray waxee noqdeen kuwo aad u weyn. Waxa uu ahaa Aasaasayaashii [[Maasooniyada]] {{commonscat|Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart}} [[Category:Austriya]] [[Category:Taariikh]] [[Category:Muusig]] muhpgsi48t3q6ikjex8b8t696fx7rpe 0 8318 305521 304527 2026-08-18T08:41:21Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Lawyacado | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = Magaalo | motto = | image_skyline = File:Lawyacado, Somaliland.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Awdal | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Goobta Somaliland. | subdivision_type = [[Dalalka|Wadanka]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_name1 = [[Awdal]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmada]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Degmada Saylac|Saylac]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|11|27|28|N|43|15|34|E|display=inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 7 | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Desert climate#Hot desert climates|BWh]] | website = | footnotes = | name = }} '''Lawyacado''' ({{lang-en|Lawyoado}}; sidoo kale loo yaqaano '''Lowyacado''') waa magaalo ku taala waqooyigalbeed gobolka [[Awdal]] ee [[Somaliland]]. Magaaladani waxay saaran tahay xadka [[Somaliland]] la wadaagto Dalka [[Jabuuti]]. Maamulka dowlada magaalada Lawyacado waxay hoostegaan [[Degmada Saylac]]. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Dadka deggan magaaladu waxay ka tirsan yihiin qowmiyado kala duwan oo u badan Afro-Aasiatic -ku hadla, iyadoo beelaha Gadabuursi iyo Ciise ee Dir gaar ahaan ay matalaan. ==Xoolaha== Lawyacado waa mid ka mid ah suuqyada xoolaha nool ee gobolka, oo ay weheliyaan Saylac , Lawaya-Cadde, iyo magaalada Jabuuti . Xoolaha loo dhoofiyay Lawyacado sanadkii 2012 waxay ahaayeen 72,326 Ari iyo Ari iyo 3,779 Geel ah ==Xafiiska Kastamka== Lawyacado waxay ku leedahay kastamka Jabuuti. ===Taariikhda kastamka=== Bishii Disembar 2013, isticmaalayaashu waxay ka mudaaharaaddeen in cashuurta lagu soo galo Somaliland laga dhigay 20,000 oo shilin [5] oo laga dhigay 26,000 oo shilin xafiiska kastamka Lawyacado. Maamulka Salal ayaa shaaca ka qaaday in aysan jirin wax canshuur ah oo la kordhiyey, isla markaana shaqada kastamku caadi tahay. Bishii Luulyo 2014, Jabuuti waxay codsatay in la xidho xuduudka Lawyacado, halka kastamku ka soo guuro Lawyacado oo la geeyo Saylac oo bari ah. Ka dib markii wefti uu ka mid yahay wasiirka arrimaha gudaha Somaliland ay booqasho ku tageen dalka Jabuuti oo ay wadahadleen, waxa la furay xadka iyada oo la ilaalinayo goobta kastamka Lawyacado. Bishii February 2015, dawladda Jabuuti ayaa gebi ahaanba xidhay xadka ay la wadaagto Somaliland. Tan ayaa loo arkaa inay ka hortag u tahay baaqii Al-Shabaab ee ahaa in la weer9aro dalalka reer galbeedka. Dad ka mudaharaaday Lawyacado ayaa gubay taayiro, mudaaharaadyo kalena sameeyay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Madaxweynaha Jabuuti ayaa beeniyay in la xiray xadka. Bishii December 2018, dawladda Somaliland waxay xabsiga dhigtay Maamulihii Kastamka Lawyacado iyo masuuliyiin kale oo muhiim ah. Bishii Luulyo 2019, dawladda gobolka Saylac waxay kordhisay qiimaha baabuurta Lawyacado oo markii hore ahaa $3 $ 6 dollar, taas oo ay ku sheegeen inay tahay kharashka dhismaha waddo. Bishii Abriil 2020, xadka Lawyacado waa la xiray, lagana yaabo inay kordheen tirada dadka ka soo galaya dalka Jabuuti si ay uga baxsadaan COVID-19 . Bishii December 2020, Madaxweynaha Somaliland oo u safrayay dalka Jabuuti, ayaa ku soo laabtay dhinaca dhulka Somaliland, waxaanu booqday Lawyacado. Xuduudka u dhexeeya Jabuuti iyo Somaliland ayaa xidhnaa muddo lix sannadood ah balse maanta ayaa dib loo soo celiyay. January 2021, Madaxweynaha Somaliland waxa uu ku dhawaaqay in la baabi’iyay cashuur dhan 31 dollar oo lagu soo rogay muwaadiniinta ka dhoofaya Somaliland ee u socdaalaya dhinaca Jabuuti ee Lawyacado. Bishii July 2022, waxa Lawyacado ka dhacay shir ku saabsan isu socodka xuduudka u dhexeeya Somaliland iyo Jabuuti, kaas oo la isku afgartay in laga qaado lacag dhan 16 dollar oo muwaadiniinta Jabuuti ah iyo 30,000 oo shilinka Somaliland ah. ==Bulshada== Sida lagu ogaadey tirokoob madaxbanaan oo la sameeyay sanadkii 2012, magaalada Lawyacado waxaa ku si joogto ah ugu dhaqan dad bulsho ah oo gaadhaya ilaa 1,600. Bulshada ku dhaqan magaaladan waxay u badan yihiin dad [[Soomaali]] ah, kuwaasi oo ka soo jeeda [[Beesha Gadabuursi]] iyo tiro kooban oo [[Beesha Ciise]] ah. Guud ahaan, Lowyacado waa magaalo yar oo ku yaala xadka u dhexeeya Somaliland iyo Jabuuti. Waxay leedahay dekedd yar iyo waxa uu ku yaalaa ee gobolka Salal ee Somaliland. ==Sidoo kale fiiri== * [[Degmada Baki]] * [[Degmada Boorama]] * [[Degmada Saylac]] * [[Degmada Lughaya]] * [[Awdal]] * [[Awdalland]] * [[Saldanadii Cadal]] ==Tixraac== [https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZFhQneTR7wC Qaamuuska taariikhiga ah afar 1288-1982] [https://books.google.com/books?id=4Ak7EAAAQBAJ Dhulka, Maal-gashiga & Siyaasadda: Dib-u-habaynta Dhul-daaqsimeedka Bariga Afrika] [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zy5VEAAAQBAJ Barnaamijka U adkaysiga Badbaadada Cuntada iyo Nafaqada] [https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=7497 "MUDAHARAAD KA DHACAY DEGMADA LOWYACADO OO LAGAGA SOO HORJEEDO CASHUUR LAGU KORDHIYAY DADKA ISKAGA TALAABA LABADA DAL"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=7497 |date=20230510230401 }} [https://www.qurbejoog.com/maamulka-gobolka-salal-oo-ka-hadlay-mudaharaad-xoogana-oo-doraad-gilgilay-magaalada-lawyacado-dhagayso/ "Maamulka Gobolka Salal Oo Ka Hadlay Mudaharaad Xoogan Oo Doraad Gilgilay Magaalada Lawyacado"] [https://www.araweelonews.com/warar/xadka-u-dhexeeya-somaliland-iyo-djibouti-oo-xidhan-maalintii-shanaad-iyo-sababaha-lala-xidhiidhiyay/ "Xadka U Dhexeeya Somaliland Iyo Jabuuti Oo Xidhan Maalintii Shanaad Iyo Sababaha Lala Xidhiidhiyay"] [https://www.araweelonews.com/warar/xoggo-iftiimiyay-cidda-bixisay-macluumaadka-lagu-xidhay-xadka-somaliland-iyo-djibouti/ "Xoggo Iftiimiyay Cidda Bixisay Xogta Lagu Xidhay Xadka Somaliland iyo Jabuuti"] [https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=25012 "MUDAHARAAD LAGAGA SOO HORJEEDO XUDUUDKA XIDHAN OO LAWYACADO KA DHACAY IYO CIIDANKA OO RASAAS U ADEEGSADAY"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=25012 |date=20230510230354 }} [https://www.oodweynemedia.com/2018/12/20/masuuliyiin-xilal-muhiima-ka-hayey-degmada-lowyacado-ee-gobolka-salal-ee-xeebta-woqooyi-ee-somaliland-oo-xabsiga-loo-taxaabay/ "Mas Leh Xilay Muhiima Ka Hayey Degmada Lowyacado ee Gobolka Salal ee Xeebta Qoqooyi ee Somaliland Oo Xabsiga Loo Taxaabay"] [https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=4992 "GUDDOOMIYAHA GOBALKA SALAL OO KA DAYRIYAY XAALADA JIDKA ISKU XIDHA MAGAALOOYINKA SAYLAC IYO LAWYACADO"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=4992 |date=20230508004539 }} [https://www.oodweynemedia.com/2019/07/22/daawo-xukumada-somaliland-oo-shaacisay-bilawga-dhismaha-jidka-borama-iyo-lawyacado/ "Daawo: Xukumada Somaliland Oo Shaacisay Bilawga Dhismaha Jidka Boorama Iyo Lawyacado"] [https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=28132 "BOGAGGAARIIKHDA SOOYAALKII IBRAAHIN MEYGAAG SAMATAR IYO QORAALLADIISII QORMADII 4AAD, QALINKA: BOOBE YUUSUF DUCAALE"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=28132 |date=20230510230358 }} [https://hargeisapress.com/wasiirka-gaadiidka-oo-ka-xog-waramay-mashaariicda-horumarinta-waddooyinka/ "Wasiirka Gaadiidka oo Ka Xog-waramay Mashaariicda Horumarinta Waddooyinka"] {{Wayback|url=https://hargeisapress.com/wasiirka-gaadiidka-oo-ka-xog-waramay-mashaariicda-horumarinta-waddooyinka/ |date=20250612210516 }} [https://archive.araweelonews.com/wararka/wararka-wararka-2/wefdiga-somaliland-ee-uu-hogaaminayo-wasiirka-maaliyada-eng-xaashi-oo-kulan-la-yeeshay-madaxweynaha-djibouti-iyo-kormeer-masuulyiinta-labada-dal-ku-tageen-xadka-ay-wadaagaan/ "Wafdiga Somaliland Ee Uu Hogaaminayo Wasiirka Maaliyada Eng. Xaashi Oo Kulan La Yeeshay Madaxweynaha Jabuuti Iyo Kormeerka Masuuliyiinta Labada Dal Ku Tageen Xadka Ay Wadaagaan"] [https://www.qurbejoog.com/somaliland-iyo-jabuuti-oo-wasiiradooda-arrimaha-guduhu-isla-yimaadeen-magaalada-lawyacado-iyo-wixii-laga-wada-hadlay-qurbejoog-ka-daawo/ "Somaliland iyo Jabuuti oo Wasiiradooda Arrimaha Guduhu Isla Yimaadeen Magaalada Lawyacado iyo Wixii laga Wada Hadlay Qurbejoog ka Daawo"] [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/5/27/al-shabab-claims-deadly-djibouti-blasts -Shabaab oo sheegatay qaraxyadii Jabuuti ee khasaaraha badan dhaliyay] [https://www.qurbejoog.com/muddo-ayaanu-joognay-waxaanu-ka-wada-hadalnay-sidii-aanu-uga-wada-shaqayn-lahayn-danaha-labada-dal-labada-taliye-ciidan-ee-qaranka-somaliland-iyo-jabuuti-oo-lawyacado-kulan-ku-yeeshay-daawo/ "Muddo ayaanu joognay tababarka ka wada hadalnay sidii aanu uga wada shaqayn lahayn danaha labada dal" Labada Taliye Ciidan ee Qaranka Somaliland iyo Jabuuti oo Lawyacado Kulan ku Yeeshay DAAWO"] [https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=73140 "AGAASIMAHA SOCDAALKA IYO JINSIYADA EE SOOMAALIYA OO KORMEER KU TAGAY MAGAALADA LAWYACADO+SAWIRRO"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wajaalenews.net/?p=73140 |date=20230507131750 }} [https://www.oodweynemedia.com/2018/09/16/kalluumaysato-hindiya-oo-3-boqol-gaadhaya-ayaa-kalluumaysi-xoog-leh-ka-wada-badda/ "Kalluumaysato Hindiya Oo 3 Boqol Gaadhay Ayaa Kalluumaysa Xoog leh Ka Wada Badda Saylac"] [https://www.oodweynemedia.com/2020/02/17/maayar-sacadka-saylac-oo-mch-ka-lawyacado-ka-dhex-xidhay-isu-dawaha-caafimaadka-ee-gobolka-salal/ "Mayar Saylac Oo MCH ka dhagax dhigay Magaalada Lawyacado & Khilaaf U dhexeeya Isuduwaha Wasaarada Caafimaadka"] [https://hargeisapress.com/xiisad-u-dhaxaysa-somaliland-iyo-jabuuti-oo-ka-taagan-lawyocado/ "Xiisad U Dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Jabuuti oo Ka Taagan Lawyocado"] {{Wayback|url=https://hargeisapress.com/xiisad-u-dhaxaysa-somaliland-iyo-jabuuti-oo-ka-taagan-lawyocado/ |date=20250326143634 }}. [https://www.xeegonews.com/saylac-mudaharaad-lagaga-cabanayo-biyo-laaan-oo-ka-dhacay-lawyacado/ "Saylac: Mudaharaad Lagaga Cabanayo Biyo La'aan Oo Ka Dhacay Lawyacado"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.xeegonews.com/saylac-mudaharaad-lagaga-cabanayo-biyo-laaan-oo-ka-dhacay-lawyacado/ |date=20230507222822 }} [https://mod.govsomaliland.org/article/wasiirka-gaashaandhiga-somaliland-oo-kormeeray-fadhiisimada "Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga Somaliland Oo Kormeeray Fadhiisimada Qaranka ee Lughaya iyo Lawyacado"] {{Wayback|url=https://mod.govsomaliland.org/article/wasiirka-gaashaandhiga-somaliland-oo-kormeeray-fadhiisimada |date=20251129051329 }} *{{cite book|title=Horn of Africa Bulletin, Volume 12|year=2000|publisher=Life & Peace Institute|page=23}} {{Degmooyinka Gobolka Awdal}} [[Category:Awdal]] lmeu3khlmdnx9phchfpbl4o6d0wmg0o 0 8531 305524 303785 2026-08-18T09:04:57Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club | clubname = Manchester City | image =Manchester City FC badge.svg | upright = 0.85 | alt = A rounded badge depicting a shield containing a ship, the [[Red rose of Lancashire|Lancashire Rose]], and the three rivers of Manchester. | fullname = Manchester City Football Club | nickname = The Citizens (Cityzens)<ref>{{cite web |title=Cityzens at Home |url=https://www.mancity.com/cityzensathome |publisher=Manchester City F.C. |access-date=31 May 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502064622/https://www.mancity.com/cityzensathome |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cityzens |url=https://cityzens.mancity.com/home |publisher=Manchester City F.C. |access-date=16 May 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516094037/https://cityzens.mancity.com/home |url-status=live }}</ref><br />The Blues<br />The Sky Blues | short name = Man City<br>City | founded ={{start date and age|df=yes|1880}} as St. Mark's (West Gorton)<br/>{{start date and age|df=yes|1887}} as Ardwick Association F.C.<br/>{{start date and age|df=yes|1894|4|16}} as Manchester City | ground = [[City of Manchester Stadium|Etihad Stadium]] | capacity = 61,038<ref>{{cite web |title=Next season's stages 🏟️🤩 |url= https://x.com/premierleague/status/2066889039584600109|access-date=16 June 2026 |website=x.com |date=16 June 2026}}</ref> | owner = [[City Football Group|City Football Group Limited]] | chairman = [[Khaldoon Al Mubarak]] | manager =[[Enzo Maresca]] | league ={{English football updater|ManchesC}} | season = {{English football updater|ManchesC2}} | current =2026–27 Manchester City F.C. season | website = {{URL|mancity.com}} | pattern_la1 = _mancity2627h | pattern_b1 = _mancity2627h | pattern_ra1 = _mancity2627h | pattern_sh1 = _mancity2627h | pattern_so1 = _mancity2627hl | leftarm1 = 98C6EB | body1 = 98C6EB | rightarm1 = 98C6EB | shorts1 = FFFFFF | socks1 = 1C214F | pattern_la2 = _mancity2627a | pattern_b2 = _mancity2627a | pattern_ra2 = _mancity2627a | pattern_sh2 = _mancity2627a | pattern_so2 = _mancity2627al | leftarm2 = 000000 | body2 = 000000 | rightarm2 = 000000 | shorts2 = 000000 | socks2 = FCCD10 | pattern_la3 = | pattern_b3 = | pattern_ra3 = | pattern_sh3 = | pattern_so3 = | leftarm3 = | body3 = | rightarm3 = | shorts3 = | socks3 = | coordinates = <!--- {{Coord|53.4832|-2.2003}} Article on stadium exists ---> }} Naadiga Kubadda Cagta ee Manchester City, oo badanaa loogu yeero Man City ama si fudud City, waa naadi kubadda cagta xirfadeed ah oo ku yaalla magaalada Manchester ee dalka Ingiriiska. Waxay ka ciyaaraan Premier League, oo ah heerka ugu sarreeya ee kubadda cagta Ingiriiska. Naadiga waxaa la aasaasay sannadkii 1880 isagoo loo yaqaanay St. Mark's (West Gorton). Sannadkii 1887 wuxuu isu beddelay Ardwick Association Football Club, halka sannadkii 1894 loo bixiyay magaca Manchester City. Garoonka ay ku ciyaaraan waa City of Manchester Stadium, oo ku yaalla bariga Manchester. Waxay u guureen garoonkan sannadkii 2003, ka dib markii ay muddo dheer ku ciyaarayeen Maine Road tan iyo 1923. Manchester City waxay qaadatay funaanaddeeda buluugga cirka ah sannadkii 1894, taas oo ahayd xilli-ciyaareedkii ugu horreeyay ee ay isticmaalaan magaca hadda jira. Naadigu wuxuu ku biiray Football League sannadkii 1892, wuxuuna hantiyay koobkiisii ugu horreeyay ee weyn, FA Cup, sannadkii 1904. Xilligii ugu horreeyay ee guulaha waaweyn wuxuu yimid dabayaaqadii 1960-meeyadii iyo horraantii 1970-meeyadii, markaas oo ay ku guuleysteen horyaalka, FA Cup, League Cup, iyo European Cup Winners' Cup, iyagoo uu hoggaaminayay tababarayaasha Joe Mercer iyo Malcolm Allison. Kadib markii ay guuldarro kala kulmeen finalka FA Cup sannadkii 1981, naadigu wuxuu galay xilli hoos u dhac ah. Sannadkii 1998, waxay u dhaaceen heerka saddexaad ee kubadda cagta Ingiriiska, waana markii keliya ee taariikhdooda ay gaaraan heerkaas. Waxay dib ugu soo laabteen heerka ugu sarreeya xilli-ciyaareedkii 1999–2000, waxayna si joogto ah uga ciyaarayeen Premier League tan iyo xilli-ciyaareedkii 2002–03. Bishii Agoosto 2008, Manchester City waxay heshay maalgelin ballaaran kadib markii uu la wareegay Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan isaga oo adeegsanaya Abu Dhabi United Group. Tani waxay bilow u noqotay waqti cusub oo guulo badan leh. Naadigu wuxuu ku guuleystay FA Cup sannadkii 2011 iyo Premier League sannadkii 2012. Intii uu tababaraha ahaa Pep Guardiola (2016–2026), Manchester City waxay ku guuleysatay 20 koob, waxaana ka mid ahaa horyaalkii Premier League ee 2018, oo ay ku qaadeen rikoor 100 dhibcood. Waxay noqdeen kooxdii ugu horreysay ee ragga Ingiriiska ah ee ku guuleysata saddexda koob ee waaweyn ee gudaha dalka (domestic treble), iyagoo sidoo kale hantiyay Community Shield. Sannadkii 2023, waxay ku guuleysteen continental treble, waxayna sidoo kale ku guuleysteen afar horyaal oo xiriir ah intii u dhexeysay xilli-ciyaareedyadii 2020–21 iyo 2023–24, taas oo noqotay rikoor cusub oo kubadda cagta Ingiriiska ah. Dhammaadkii xilli-ciyaareedkii 2021–22, Manchester City waxay kaalinta koowaad ka gashay Deloitte Football Money League, taasoo ka dhigtay naadiga kubadda cagta ee dakhliga ugu badan dunida, iyadoo dakhligeeda lagu qiyaasay 731 milyan oo Yuuro (€731 million). Sannadkii 2022, majaladda Forbes waxay ku qiyaastay Manchester City inay tahay naadiga lixaad ee ugu qiimaha badan adduunka, iyadoo qiimaheeda lagu sheegay 4.25 bilyan oo doolar ($4.25 billion). Naadiga waxaa iska leh City Football Group Limited, oo ah shirkad maamul oo lagu qiimeeyay £3.73 bilyan (qiyaastii $4.8 bilyan) bishii Nofeembar 2019, waxaana saamiga ugu badan leh Abu Dhabi United Group. == Taariikh == {{main|History of Manchester City F.C.}} === '''Sanadihii ugu horeeyay iyo koobabkii ugu horeeyay''' === [[File:St_Marks_1884.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:St_Marks_1884.jpg|alt=Fifteen men posing across three rows. Eleven of the men are wearing a football kit with a Maltese Cross on the breast. The other four are wearing suits and top hats.|right|thumb|St. Marks (Gorton) in 1884&nbsp;<nowiki>– sababta ka dambeysa calaamadda [[cross pattée]] ee maaliyadaha hadda lama oga.</nowiki><ref name="mcfcoffhist">{{cite web|title=Club History&nbsp;– The Club – Manchester City FC|url=https://www.mancity.com/fans-and-community/club/club-history|publisher=mancity.com|access-date=9 September 2010|archive-date=7 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160907013909/http://www.mancity.com/fans-and-community/club/club-history|url-status=live}}</ref>]] City waxay heleen billadoodii ugu horreysay iyaga oo ku guuleystay Qeybta Labaad (Second Division) 1899; taas oo ay la socotay u dallacaadda heerka ugu sarreeya kubadda cagta Ingiriiska, Qeybta Koowaad (First Division). Waxay sii anbaqaadeen inay sheegtaan billadoodii ugu horreysay ee weyn 23 Abriil 1904, iyaga oo 1-0 ku garaacay Bolton Wanderers garoonka Crystal Palace si ay u qaataan FA Cup; Buluuggu waxay si cidhiidhi ah u seegeen inay laba-laabaan Horyaalka iyo Koobka xillaas ka dib oqay ka galeen kaalinta labaad ee tartanka horyaalka, laakiin weli waxay noqdeen kooxdii ugu horreysay ee Manchester ka dhisan ee ku guuleysata billad weyn[9]. Xilliyadii ka dambeeyay guushii FA Cup, kooxda waxaa daashaday eedeymo la xiriira xadgudubyo dhaqaale, taas oo ku biirtay ganaaxicasho toddobo iyo toban ciyaartoy ah 1906, oo uu ku jiro kabtankii Billy Meredith, oo markaas u wareegay dhinaca magaalada ee Manchester United<ref>James, ''Manchester:The Greatest City'', pp 59–65.</ref>. Dab ka kacay Hyde Road ayaa burburiyay dhismaha weyn 1920, 1923-na kooxdu waxay u guurtay garoonkooda cusub ee loo dhisay ee Maine Road oo ku yaal Moss Side.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Maine Road through the ages|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_city/3011895.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=11 May 2003|access-date=10 September 2011|first=Chris|last=Bevan|archive-date=7 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907005325/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_city/3011895.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:ManCity1904.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ManCity1904.jpg|alt=A group of thirteen men, eleven in association football attire typical of the early twentieth century, and two in suits. A trophy sits in front of them.|right|thumb|Kooxda Manchester City ee ku guuleysatay FA Cup [[:en:1903–04_FA_Cup|1903–04]].]] 1930-meeyadii, Manchester City waxay gaartay laba final oo xiriir ah oo FA Cup ah, iyaga oo u lumiyay Everton 1933, ka hor int aysan qaadan Koobka iyaga oo ka adkaaday Portsmouth 1934[12]. Intii lagu guda jiray ololihii 1934, kooxdu waxay jabisay rikoodhka soo xaadiridda guriga ee ugu sarreysay koox kasta oo taariikhda kubadda cagta Ingiriiska ah, maadaama 84,569 taageerayaal ah ay buuxdhaafiyeen Maine Road kulan wareegii lixaad ee FA Cup ah oo ay la ciyaarayeen Stoke City - rikoodh taagnaa ilaa 2016[13][14]. Kooxdu waxay ku guuleysatay horyaalkii First Division markii ugu horreysay 1937, laakiin waxaa la u qariyay xilligii xigay, inkasta oo ay dhaliyeen goolal ka badan koox kasta oo kale oo ka tirsaneyd qeybtaas[15]. Labaatan sano ka dib, koox City ah oo dhiirrigeliyay nidaam xeeladeed oo loo yaqaanay Qorshaha Revie (Revie Plan) ayaa mar kale gaaray final-ada xiriirka ah ee FA Cup, 1955 iyo 1956; sida 1930-meeyadii, kii ugu horreeyay ayay lumiyeen, oo ay la galeen Newcastle United, kii labaadna way guuleysteen. Finalkii 1956, oo ay Buluuggu ku djaafadeen Birmingham City 3-1, wuxuu arkay goolhayaha City Bert Trautmann oo sii wada ciyaarta ka dib markii uu si aan ogayn u jabay qoortiisii.<ref>Rowlands, ''Trautmann – The Biography'', pp. 178–184</ref> === Xilligii dahabiga ahaa ee ugu horreeyay iyo hoos u dhaca xigay === Ka dib markii loo naqdiyay Qeybta Labaad (Second Division) 1963, mustaqbalku wuxuu u ekaa mid madow iyadoo la helay rikoodh hooseeya oo ah 8,015 oo taageerayaal guriga ah ahayd kulankii Swindon Town Janaayo 1965[17]. Xagaagii 1965, kooxda maamulka ee Joe Mercer iyo Malcolm Allison ayaa la magacaabay. Xilligii ugu horreeyay ee uu maamulayay Mercer, Manchester City waxay ku guuleysatay horyaalkii Second Division waxayna sameeyeen saxiixo muhiim ah oo kala ah Mike Summerbee iyo Colin Bell[18]. Laba xilli ciyaareed ka dib, 1967–68, City waxay sheegatay horyaalka horyaalka markii labaad, iyaga oo ku garaacay deriskooda dhow ee Manchester United horyaalka maalintii ugu dambeysay ee xilliga ciyaarta iyaga oo 4-3 ku badiyay Newcastle United[19]. Koobab kale ayaa soo xigay: City waxay ku guuleysatay FA Cup 1969 iyo hal sano ka dib waxay ku guuleysteen European Cup Winners' Cup, iyaga oo ka adkaaday Górnik Zabrze 2-1 finalkii 1970. Tani waxay ahayd billadda keliya ee qaaradda ee kooxdu haysato ilaa guushoodii 2022–23 UEFA Champions League[20]. Buluuggu waxay sidoo kale qaadeen League Cup sanadkaas, iyaga oo noqday kooxdii labaad ee Ingiriis ah ee ku guuleysata billad qaaradeed iyo billad gudaha ah isla xilli ciyaareedkan..<ref>Gardner, ''The Manchester City Football Book No. 2'', pp. 13–22</ref> Kooxdu waxay sii waday inay u loolanto billadaha intii lagu guda jiray 1970-meeyadii, iyada oo ku dhameysatay hal dhibic ka dambaysay horyaalka laba jeer isla markaana gaartay finalkii 1974 League Cup[21]. Mid ka mid ah kulamada xilligan ee sida aadka ah ay u xusuustaan taageerayaasha Manchester City waa ciyaartii ugu dambeysay ee xilli ciyaareedkii 1973–74 ee ay la ciyaarayeen cadowgooda Manchester United, oo u baahnaa inay badiyaan si ay u helaan rajo kasta oo ay kaga fogaanayaan in la hoos u dhigo. Ciyaaryahankii hore ee United Denis Law ayaa gool ku dhaliyay cirib si uu City u siiyo guul 1-0 ah Old Trafford isla markaana xaqiijiyo hoos u dhaca cadowgooda[22][23]. Billaddii ugu dambeysay ee xilligii ugu guulaha badnaa qarnigii 20-aad ee kooxda waxaa la helay 1976, markii Newcastle United 2-1 looga badiyay finalkii League Cup.<ref>Other results meant United would have been relegated even if they had won or drawn, but neither team knew this at the time.</ref> [[File:ManchesterCityFC_League_Performance.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ManchesterCityFC_League_Performance.svg|left|thumb|Shaxda boosaska jadwalka sannadlaha ah ee City ee Horyaalka Kubadda Cagta]] Muddo dheer oo hoos u dhac ah ayaa raacday guushii 1960-meeyadii iyo 1970-meeyadii. Malcolm Allison ayaa dib ugu soo biiray kooxda si uu u noqdo tababare markii labaad 1979, laakiin wuxuu ku khasaariyay lacag badan saxiixo dhowr ah oo aan guuleysan, sida Steve Daley[24]. Taxane tababyarayaal ah ayaa markaas soo xigay - toddobo qof 1980-meeyadii keligood. Maamulkii John Bond, City waxay gaartay finalkii 1981 FA Cup laakiin waxay ku lumisay ciyaar ku celis ah Tottenham Hotspur. Kooxda laba jeer ayaa laga soo dejiyay heerka sare 1980-meeyadii (1983 iyo 1987), laakiin waxay dib ugu soo laabteen heerka sare 1989 iyagoo hoos tagaya Mel Machin. Howard Kendall ayaa u hagar baxay kooxda si ay uga badbaadaan heerka sare 1990 kooxduna waxay ku dhameysatay kaalinta shanaad 1991 iyo 1992 maamulkii ciyaaryahankii firfircoonaa Peter Reid[25]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay ahayd mid ku meel gaar ah, oo ka dib bixitaankii Reid nasiibkii Manchester City wuxuu sii waday inuu lumaayo. City waxay ahaayeen aasaasayaashii Premier League markii la abuuray 1992, laakiin ka dib markii ay ku dhameysteen kaalinta sagaalaad xilligii ugu horreeyay, Peter Swales, guddoomiyihii kooxda ilaa 1973, waxaa bedelay halyeeygii kooxda Francis Lee Febraayo 1994 dhaqdhaqaaq ay taageerayaan taageerayaashu. In kasta oo ay taasi jirto, waxay adkeysteen saddex sano oo dhib ah oo hoos yimid Brian Horton iyo Alan Ball Jr. ka hor inta aan si xun loogu dejin 1996. Ka dib laba xilli ciyaareed oo ay joogeen Qeybta Labaad[a] iyo afar tababare oo joogto ah oo kala duwan, Lee wuxuu ka degay doorkiisii guddoomiyaha bartamihii xilli ciyaareedkii 1998, inkasta oo uu sii ahaaday saamile, maadaama City ay ku dhacday meeshii ugu hooseysay taariikhdooda, iyagoo noqday kooxdii labaad ee abid haysata billad qaaradeed oo loo dejiyo heerka saddexaad ee horyaalka waddankooda ka dib 1. FC Magdeburg ee Jarmalka..<ref>Tossell, ''Big Mal'', Chapter 18</ref> === Soo kabashada iyo laba wareegid oo gacmo ah === Ka dib markii la hoos u dhigay, kooxdu waxay martay qalalaase ka baxsan garoonka, iyadoo guddoomiyaha cusub David Bernstein uu keenay anshax dhaqaale oo weyn[26]. Maamulkii Joe Royle, City waxaa la dallacsiiyay isku daygii ugu horreeyay, oo lagu gaaray qaab cajiib ah oo ka dhacay finalkii ciyaarta reer-guurada ee Second Division ee ay la ciyaarayeen Gillingham[27]. Dalacaad labaad oo xiriir ah ayaa aragtay City oo ku soo laabaneysa qeybta sare, laakiin tani waxay noqotay tallaabo aad u fog kooxda soo kabanaysa, 1991-na City mar kale ayaa la hoos u dejiyay. Kevin Keegan ayaa bedelay Royle oo ah tababare xilligii nasashada, wuxuuna gaaray soo laabasho degdeg ah oo ay ku tageen qeybta sare maadaama kooxdu ay ku guuleysatay horyaalkii 2001–02 First Division, iyagoo jabiyay rikoodhada kooxda ee tirada dhibcaha la helay iyo goolasha la dhaliyay hal xilli ciyaareed gudahood inta ay socotay[28]. Xilligii 2002–03 wuxuu ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay ee Maine Road wuxuuna ka koobnaa guul darby ah 3-1 oo ay ka gaareen cadowgooda Manchester United, taas oo soo gabagabaysay 13 sano oo aan guul darby ah la gaarin[29]. Intaa waxaa dheer, City waxay u soo baxday tartanka qaaradda markii ugu horreysay 25 sano gudahood iyada oo loo marayo darajada caddaaladda ciyaarta ee UEFA. Xilligii nasashada ee 2003–04, kooxdu waxay u guurtay garoonka cusub ee City of Manchester Stadium. Afarta xilli ciyaareed ee ugu horreeyay garoonka dhamaantood waxay keeneen dhammaad dhexe oo jadwalka ah. Tababarihii hore ee England Sven-Göran Eriksson wuxuu noqday tababarihii ugu horreeyay ee ajnabi ah ee kooxda markii la magacaabay 2007[30]. Ka dib bilow dhalaal ah, qaab ciyaareedku wuxuu hoos u dhacay qeybtii labaad ee xilli ciyaareedka, Eriksson-na shaqada waa laga ceyriyay 2 Juun 2008[31]; waxaa lagu badelay Mark Hughes laba maalmood ka dib. Markи la gaaro 2008, Manchester City waxay ku jirtay xaalad dhaqaale oo khatar ah. Raysal wasaarihii hore ee Thailand Thaksin Shinawatra ayaa la wareegay maamulka kooxda sanad ka hor, laakiin dhibaatooyinkiisa siyaasadeed ayaa sababay in hantidiisa la xayiro[33]. Kadib, Ogosto 2008, City waxaa iibsaday Abu Dhabi United Group. La wareegida waxaa si degdeg ah u raacay mowjado dalabyo ah oo loo dirayay ciyaartooy caan ah; kooxdu waxay jabisay rikoodhka iibsashada Britain iyada oo saxiixday ciyaaryahanka caalamiga ah ee reer Brazil Robinho oo uga yimid Real Madrid £32.5 milyan (€42.5 milyan)[34]. Ma jirin horumar weyn oo ku yimid qaab ciyaareedka marka loo barbardhigo xilli ciyaareedkii hore inkasta oo ay soo galeen lacag badan si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo kooxdu ay ku dhameysatay kaalinta tobnaad, inkasta oo ay si wanaagsan u gaareen wareegii afar dhammaadka ee UEFA Cup. Xilligii xagaaga ee 2009, kooxdu waxay gaarsiisay kharashka suuqa kala iibsiga heer aan horay loo arin, iyada oo kharash gareysay in ka badan £100 milyan ciyaartooyda Gareth Barry, Roque Santa Cruz, Kolo Touré, Emmanuel Adebayor, Carlos Tevez, iyo Joleon Lescott[35]. Diseembar 2009, Mark Hughes – oo la shaqaaleysiiyay wax yar ka hor isbeddelka mulkiilaha laakiin asalka ahaan ay hayeen guddiga cusub – waxaa tababare ka bedelay Roberto Mancini[36]. City waxay ku dhameysatay xilli ciyaareedka kaalinta shanaad ee Premier League, iyada oo si cidhiidh ah u seegtay meel ay ka gasho Champions League laakiin u baahatay UEFA Europa League<ref>{{cite web|title=2009/10 Season Review|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/693654|publisher=Premier League|date=25 May 2018|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008025134/https://www.premierleague.com/news/693654|url-status=live}}</ref> === Xilligii labaad ee dahabiga ahaa iyo imaatinka Pep Guardiola === Maalgashi joogto ah oo lagu sameeyay ciyaartooyda ayaa ku xigay xilli ciyaareedyo xiriir ah, natiijaduna waxay bilowday inay la mid noqoto kor u kaca tayada ciyaartoyda. Ka dib xanta culus, Roberto Mancini wuxuu xaqiijiyay in u dhaqaaqitaanka Edin Džeko ee ka imaanaya Wolfsburg oo lacagtiisu tahay £27 milyan (€32 milyan) lagu heshiiyay 3 Janaayo 2011. Tani waxay ahayd tiradii labaad ee ugu sarreysay ee iibsashada City, ka dib u dhaqaaqitaankii Robinho ee ka yimid Real Madrid oo ahaa £32.5 milyan 2008. Kharashka iibsashada wuxuu ahaa kii lixaad ee ugu sarreeyay taariikhda Premier League xilligaas[38][39]. City waxay gaartay finalkii FA Cup 2011, oo ahaa finalkoodii ugu horreeyay ee weyn in ka badan 30 sano, ka dib markii ay ka badiyeen cadowgooda deriska ah ee Manchester United wareegii afar dhammaadka[40], markii ugu horreysay ee ay ka saaraan cadowgooda tartan koob ah tan iyo 1975. Buluuggu waxay 1-0 kaga adkaadeen Stoke City finalka, iyaga oo xaqiijiyay koobkoodii shanaad ee FA Cup iyo koobkii ugu horreeyay ee weyn ee kooxda tan iyo markii ay ku guuleysteen 1976 League Cup. Maalintii ugu dambeysay ee xilli ciyaareedkii 2010–11, City waxay ka badisay Arsenal kaalinta saddexaad, sidaas darteedna waxay xaqiijisay u soo bixitaanka tooska ah ee wareegga group-yada Champions League.<ref>{{cite news|title=City slickers clinch third place|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/bolton-vs-man-city/215422|publisher=Sky Sports|date=22 May 2011|access-date=7 October 2019|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008025134/https://www.skysports.com/football/bolton-vs-man-city/215422|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Manchester_City_pitch_invasion.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Manchester_City_pitch_invasion.JPG|right|thumb|Taageerayaasha Manchester City waxay ku soo xoomeen garoonka dhexdiisa ka dib guushoodii horyaalka Premier League ee 2011–12]] Qaab ciyaareed adag ayaa sii waday inuu raaco xilli ciyaareedkii 2011–12, oo ay ku jirto guul 5-1 ah oo ay ka gaareen Tottenham garoonka White Hart Lane iyo guul rikoodh ah oo ah 6-1 oo ay ka gaareen Manchester United garoonka Old Trafford, laakiin qaab ciyaareed liita oo qeybtii labaad ee xilli ciyaareedka ah ayaa ka tagay City kaalinta labaad, siddeed dhibcood ka dambaysa United iyadoo ay hareen lix ciyaarood oo keliya in la ciyaaro. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, United waxay la kulantay dhibaatooyin qaab ciyaareedkeeda ah, iyadoo dhistay siddeed dhibcood muddo afar ciyaarood ah, halka City ay bilowday guulo xiriir ah oo arkay labada kooxood oo dhibco isku mid ah leh iyadoo ay hareen laba ciyaarood. In kasta oo ay Buluuggu u baahnaayeen kaliya guul guriga ah oo ay ka gaaraan Queens Park Rangers, oo ah koox ku jirta aagga loogu dejiye horyaalka, waxay gadaal ka mareen 1-2 dhammaadka waqtigii caadiga ahaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, laba gool oo waqtigii dheeraadka ahaa – kii labaad waxaa dhaliyay Sergio Agüero daqiiqaddii afaraad ee lagu daray – ayaa xaqiijiyay horyaalka dhinaca City, iyaga oo ka dhigay kooxdii ugu horreysay ee ku guuleysata Premier League farqiga goolasha oo keliya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/premier-league-explained#:~:text=The%20narrowest%20winning%20margin%20of,dramatic%20of%20Premier%20League%20finishes.|title=Premier League explained|work=[[Premier League]]|date=2022|access-date=27 September 2023|archive-date=24 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724182645/https://www.premierleague.com/premier-league-explained#:~:text=The%20narrowest%20winning%20margin%20of,dramatic%20of%20Premier%20League%20finishes.|url-status=dead}}</ref> Xilli ciyaareedkii xigay, City ma aysan awoodin inay soo celiso guushii sanadkii hore. Ka dib markii ay ku dhameysteen kaalinta labaad ee horyaalka, kow iyo toban dhibcood ka dambaysa Manchester United, isla markaana ay lumiyeen finalkii FA Cup 0-1 oo ay ka qaadatay kooxda la hoos u dhigay ee Wigan Athletic[43], Mancini shaqada waa laga ceyriyay[44]. Waxaa bedelay tababarihii reer Chile Manuel Pellegrini[45]. Sanadkii ugu horreeyay ee uu maamulayay Pellegrini, City waxay ku guuleysatay League Cup waxayna dib u hanatay horyaalkii Premier League ciyaartii ugu dambeysay ee xilli ciyaareedka[46][47]. Qaab ciyaareedkii kooxda ee horyaalka ayaa markaas si tartiib tartiib ah u hoos u dhacay labadii sano ee xigay, maadaama Buluuggu ay ku dhameysteen kaalinta labaad 2014–15 kadibna ay ugu degeen kaalinta afraad 2015–16, inkasta oo xilli ciyaareedkii 2015–16 uu arkay City oo ku guuleysata koob kale oo League Cup ah isla markaana gaarta afar dhammaadka Champions League markii ugu horreysay.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Steinberg|first1=Jacob|title=Manuel Pellegrini stands tall despite looming shadow of Pep Guardiola|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/nov/23/manuel-pellegrini-pep-guardiola-manchester-city-west-ham|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=21 May 2019|date=23 November 2018|archive-date=28 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128131915/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2018/nov/23/manuel-pellegrini-pep-guardiola-manchester-city-west-ham|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Centre_d'entraînement_Manchester_City_20-02-15.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Centre_d'entra%C3%AEnement_Manchester_City_20-02-15.jpg|left|thumb|Manchester City waxay u guurtay xaruntooda cusub ee ku taal Etihad Campus ee ku xigta City of Manchester Stadium 2014.]] Pep Guardiola, tababarihii hore ee Barcelona iyo Bayern Munich, ayaa la xaqiijiyay inuu noqon doono tababaraha cusub ee Manchester City 1 Febraayo 2016[49], iyadoo shaacinta la sameeyay bilo ka hor inta uusan Manuel Pellegrini ka tegin xilkiisa. Xilligii ugu horreeyay ee Guardiola ee Manchester wuxuu ku dhammaaday koob la'aan, iyadoo Buluuggu ay ka galeen kaalinta saddexaad kala sarreynta horyaalka[50], laakiin xilli ciyaareedkii xigay wuxuu noqday mid aad u guulaystay, iyadoo City ay ku guuleysatay horyaalka Premier League iyada oo wadata wadarta dhibcaha ugu sarreysay taariikhda isla markaana jabisay rikoodhada kale ee kooxda iyo horyaalka Ingiriiska intii ay socotay<ref>{{cite web|title=Which records have Man City broken in 2017/18?|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/666355|website=premierleague.com|date=16 April 2018|access-date=21 May 2019|archive-date=22 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522174636/https://www.premierleague.com/news/666355|url-status=live}}</ref> Tani waxay noqon doontaa bilowga xilli guulo aan horay loo arin ay u soo hoydeen Manchester City iyagoo hoos tagaya Guardiola. Int u dhaxeeyay xilli ciyaareedyada Premier League ee 2017–18 iyo 2023–24, City waxay ku guuleysatay lix ka mid ah toddobada horyaal ee suurtogalka ah, iyada oo kaliya ku dhameysatay kaalinta labaad ee ka dambeysa Liverpool xilli ciyaareedkii 2019–20[52]. Guardiola wuxuu sidoo kale u hagar baxay Buluugga billadaha koobabka gudaha, taas oo lagu muujiyay afar guulood oo xiriir ah oo League Cup ah 2018–2021[53]. Xilligii 2018–19, City waxay dhammaystirtay saddexleey gudaha ah oo aan horay loo arin oo ah koobabka ragga Ingiriiska[54]. Ka sokow guuleysiga dhammaadka saddexda tartan ee ugu waaweyn kubadda cagta Ingiriiska, waxay sidoo kale qaadeen Community Shield, taas oo ah markii ugu horreysay ee koox kasta ay haysato dhammaadka afarta koob ee ugu muhiimsan kubadda cagta Ingiriiska isku mar[55]. Heerka qaaradda, kooxdu waxay gaartay horumar 2020–21, iyada oo gaartay finalkoodii ugu horreeyay abid ee Champions League[56]. Kulan ay ku loolameen laba kooxood oo Ingiriis ah, City waxay 0-1 uga adkaatay Chelsea garoonka Estádio do Dragão ee Porto.<ref>{{cite web|date=29 May 2021|title=Man. City 0-1 Chelsea: Havertz gives Blues second Champions League triumph|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0269-12650cedca55-37515f69768e-1000--man-city-0-1-chelsea-havertz-gives-blues-second-champions/|access-date=12 August 2021|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en|archive-date=30 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530152324/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2029498--man-city-vs-chelsea/postmatch/report/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:City_team_08102022.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:City_team_08102022.jpg|right|thumb|Kooxda Manchester City, oo ay la socdaan mascots-ka, oo ku dhow inay wajahaan Southampton horyaalka Premier League ee 2022–23. Laga bilaabo bidix ilaa midig safka dambe: Moonchester, Manuel Akanji, Nathan Aké, Ederson, Rodri, Rúben Dias, Phil Foden, Kevin De Bruyne, João Cancelo, Riyad Mahrez, Bernardo Silva, Erling Haaland, iyo Moonbeam]] Xilli ciyaareedkii 2022–23 wuxuu noqday kii ugu fiicnaa taariikhda kooxda, maadaama Manchester City ay ku guuleysatay horyaalkoodii saddexaad ee xiriirka ah ee Premier League, finalkii FA Cup ee ay la ciyaarayeen cadowgooda Manchester United, iyo billadoodii ugu horreysay abid ee Champions League garoonka Atatürk Olympic Stadium ee Istanbul oo ay kaga adkaadeen Inter Milan, sidaas darteedna ay dhiseen guul naadir ah - saddexleeyda qaaradeed. Wadada loo maray guusha Champions League waxaa ku jiray guulo ay ka gaareen kooxaha waaweyn ee qaaradda ee Bayern Munich, oo 4-1 looga adkaaday wadarta guud[58], iyo Real Madrid, oo la kulantay guuldarro 4-1 ah wadarta guud oo ay u geysatay City[59][60][61]. Xilli ciyaareedkii xigay wuxuu arkay guul aad u yar oo u soo hoyatay Buluugga, maadaama ay ku guuleysteen UEFA Super Cup iyo FIFA Club World Cup markii ugu horreysay isla markaana noqdeen kooxdii ugu horreysay ee ragga Ingiriiska ah ee sheegata afar horyaal oo xiriir ah iyagoo wata horyaal kale oo Premier League ah[62]. City waxay sidoo kale u soo degtay finalkii FA Cup markii labaad oo xiriir ah laakiin waxay ku lumisay kulan ku celis ah cadowgooda Manchester United.. Xilli ciyaareedkii 2024–25 wuxuu muujiyay cillado waaweyn oo ku jiray kooxda gabowday ee City, maadaama Buluuggu ay ku guuleysteen kaliya Community Shield kulan kale oo ku celis ah oo ay la ciyaarayeen United[63]. Waxay sidoo kale u soo baxeen finalkoodii saddexaad ee xiriirka ah ee FA Cup laakiin waxay u lumiyeen Crystal Palace.<ref name="CF">{{Cite web|title=FA Cup final 2025 LIVE: Crystal Palace vs Man City - watch TV stream, score, radio & updates|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm23zrkn7ryt|access-date=20 May 2025|website=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|archive-date=17 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517133245/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/cm23zrkn7ryt|url-status=live}}</ref> Manchester City waxay ahaayeen kaalinta labaad ee horyaalka Premier League 2025-26 ka dib barbaro 1-1 ah oo ay la galeen Bournemouth kulankoodii gabaasiga ahaa[<ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-05-19|title=Arsenal end 22-year wait for Premier League title|url=https://www.premierleague.com/en/news/4662306/arsenal-end-22-year-wait-for-premier-league-title/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.premierleague.com|language=en|archive-date=2026-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520090321/https://www.premierleague.com/en/news/4662306/arsenal-end-22-year-wait-for-premier-league-title/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Xilligii Manchester City ee heerka sare ah ee tartanka waara wuxuu ku beegmay eedeymo ku saabsan inay jabiyeen xeerarka Caanaha Dhaqaalaha ee Caddaaladda (FFP). 2020, Maxkamadda Xallinta Khilaafaadka Ciyaaraha (CAS) waxay xukuntey in ganaaxyada lagu soo rogay kooxda ee UEFA aysan ahayn kuwo marmarsiinyo leh, iyadoo meesha ka saartay ganaaxii labada sano ee qaaradda ee City[66]. 2023, Premier League waxay ku dhawaaqday baaritaankeeda u gaarka ah eedeymaha loo jeediyay Manchester City, iyadoo ku eedeysay kooxda 130 jebin oo ku saabsan xeerarkeeda FFP ilaa xilli ciyaareedkii 2017–18.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11679/12804623/man-city-premier-league-charges-explained-what-are-they-what-could-punishment-be-whats-the-timescale|title=Man City Premier League charges explained: What are they? What could punishment be? What's the timescale?|work=[[Sky Sports]]|date=10 June 2023|access-date=26 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/3045970|title=Premier League statement|work=[[Premier League]]|date=6 February 2023|access-date=16 December 2024|archive-date=19 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219223750/https://www.premierleague.com/news/3045970|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/0b71c52b/manchester-city-v-the-premier-league-what-happens-next-in-the-115-charges-litigation|title=Manchester City v the Premier League: what happens next?|work=Norton Rose Fulbright|date=September 2025|access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref> === Taariikhda Horyaalak === {| class="wikitable" | * 1892–1899 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) * 1899–1902 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka 1]] (L1) * 1902–1903 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) * 1903–1909 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka]] [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|1]] (L1) * 1909–1910 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) | * 1910–1926 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka]] [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|1]] (L1) * 1926–1928 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) * 1928–1938 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_First_Division][[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|H]][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka 1]] (L1) * 1938–1947 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) * 1947–1950 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka]] [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|1]] (L1) | * 1950–1951 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) * 1951–1963 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka]] [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|1]] (L1) * 1963–1966 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) * 1966–1983 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka]] [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|1]] (L1) * 1983–1985 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) | * 1985–1987 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka]] [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|1]] (L1) * 1987–1989 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L2) * 1989–1992 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|H]][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_League_Second_Division][[:en:Football_League_First_Division|eerka 1]] (L1) * 1992–1996 [[:en:Premier_League|Horyaalka Ingiriiska]] (L1) * 1996–1998 [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|Heerka 1]] (L2) | * 1998–1999 [[:en:Football_League_Second_Division|Heerka 2]] (L3) * 1999–2000 [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|Heerk1]] (L2) * 2000–2001[[:en:Premier_League|Horyaalka Ingiriiska]] (L1) * 2001–2002 [[:en:Football_League_First_Division|Division 1]] (L2) * 2002– [[:en:Premier_League|Horyaalka Ingiriiska]] (L1) |} L1 = Heerka 1 ee nidaamka horyaalka kubadda cagta; L2 = Heerka 2 ee nidaamka horyaalka kubadda cagta; L3 = Heerka 3 ee nidaamka horyaalka kubadda cagta. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Eeg waliba == * [http://www.mancity.com mancity.com] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/england/manchester-city-football-club/676/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://www.sofascore.com/team/football/manchester-city/17 SOFASCORE] * [https://www.flashscore.com/team/manchester-city/Wtn9Stg0/ FLASHSCORE] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/manchester-city/startseite/verein/281 Transfermarkt] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/manchester-city-fc/464/ Globalsportsarchive] [[Category:Ciyaaraha]] [[Category:Naadiyaasha kubada Cagta]] 8y8mtjqmbp00od3wsvknn72q9w35ey1 0 9786 305516 304151 2026-08-18T07:01:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ISO 4217''' waa halbeeg caalami ah oo qeexaya koodh saddex xaraf ah (sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Koodhka lacagta''') ) si loo qeexo magacyada lacagaha , sida ay dejisay Ururka Caalamiga ah ee Halbeega (ISO). Liiska koodka ISO 4217 waa habka caadiga ah ee bangiyada iyo ganacsiga , adduunka oo dhan, si loo qeexo lacagaha kala duwan. Wadamo badan, code-yada lacagaha caadiga ah ayaa si aad ah loo yaqaan, dadweynaha guud ahaan, in sarifka lacagaha lagu qoro wargeysyada ama lagu dhejiyo bangiyada ay isticmaalaan kaliya codesyada si ay u qeexaan lacagaha kala duwan, halkii ay ka tarjumi lahaayeen magacyada lacagta ama calaamadaha lacagta . Koodhka ISO 4217 waxaa loo isticmaalaa tigidhada diyaaradaha iyo tigidhada tareenka caalamiga ah si meesha looga saaro hubanti la'aan kasta oo ku saabsan qiimaha . [[File:Exchange rates display.jpg|thumb|Sicirka sarifka ayaa lagu muujiyaa Xafiiska beddelka liiska magacyada lacagta Ingiriisida iyo koodka ISO 4217. Liiskani wuxuu muujinayaa Boqortooyada Midowday ee Ingiriiska sida ' England ', oo ka mid ah dalalka ay ka kooban tahay, marka lagu daro in Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha ay u muujiso ' Taiwan ' iyo Kuuriyada Koonfureed oo ah ' Kuuriya '.]] [[File:Flugschein.JPG|thumb|Tigidh diyaaradeed oo muujinaya qiimaha ISO 4217 code " EUR " ( bidix hoose]] ==Taariikhda== Sannadkii 1973, Guddiga Farsamada ee ISO 68 wuxuu go'aansaday inuu horumariyo koodhadhka matalaadda lacagaha iyo lacagaha loo isticmaalo codsi kasta oo ganacsi, ganacsi ama bangi. Kalfadhiga 17-aad (February 1978), kooxda khubarada UN / ECE ee la xidhiidha waxay isku raaceen in saddexda xaraf ee koodhka xarfaha ee heerka caalamiga ah ee ISO 4217, "Koodhadhka matalaadda lacagaha iyo lacagaha", ay ku habboon yihiin isticmaalka ganacsiga caalamiga ah. Muddo ka dib, lacago cusub ayaa la abuurayaa waxaana la joojiyay lacagihii hore. Isbeddellada noocan oo kale ah waxay inta badan ka yimaadaan samaynta waddamo cusub, heshiisyada u dhexeeya waddamada lacagaha la wadaago ama ururrada lacagta, ama dib-u-noqoshada lacag jirta sababtoo ah sicir-bararka xad-dhaafka ah. Natiijo ahaan, liiska koodka waa in la cusbooneysiiyaa waqti ka waqti. Wakaaladda dayactirka ee ISO 4217 ayaa mas'uul ka ah ilaalinta liiska codsiyada. ==Noocyada koodhadhka== [[File:South East Asia Exchange Rates (6031878489).jpg|thumb|Liiska sarifka lacagaha saldhiga ah ee kala duwan oo uu bixiyo sarifle ku sugan Thailand, iyadoo Baht-ka Thailand uu yahay lacagta miiska (ama oraahda). Ogow in koodka guusha Kuuriyada Koonfureed uu si khaldan u soo bandhigay; waa inay noqotaa KRW .]] ===Lacagaha dalka=== Marka laga hadlayo lacagaha qaranka, labada xaraf ee ugu horreeya ee koodhka alfa waa labada xaraf ee ISO 3166-1 alfa-2 code-ka waddanka iyo kan saddexaadna inta badan waa bilowga qaybta ugu weyn ee lacagta. Markaa koodhka lacagta Japan waaJPY : "JP" ee Japan iyo "Y" ee yen . Tani waxay meesha ka saaraysaa dhibaatadii ay keeneen magacyada dollarka , farans-ka , peso , iyo pound-ka ee laga isticmaalo wadamo badan, kuwaas oo mid walba uu leeyahay qiimo aad u kala duwan. In kasta oo inta badan koodka ISO uu u eg yahay soo gaabinta lacagta magaca Ingiriisiga oo buuxa, tani had iyo jeer maaha kiiska, sida lacagaha sida Diinaarka Algeria , Aruban florin , Cayman dollar , renminbi , sterling , iyo franc Swiss ayaa loo qoondeeyay codes kuwaas oo aan si dhow ula mid ahayn magacyada lacagta rasmiga ah. Xaaladaha qaarkood, xarafka saddexaad ee koodhka alfa ma aha xarafka hore ee magaca unugga lacagta. Waxaa jiri kara dhowr sababood oo tan: Waxaa loo arkaa inay muhiim tahay in koodhka lacag cusub uu noqdo mid aad u sarreeya haddii ay suurtagal tahay. Tusaale ahaan waa habaynta koodhkaEUR ilaa euro. ISO 4217 wax ka beddelka 94, kaas oo abuuray koodhkan, wuxuu dhigayaa "qalabka koodhka 'EU' waxaa u xafiday Hay'adda Dayactirka ISO 3166 si loogu isticmaalo ISO 4217 halkaasoo 'R' lagu dhejiyay si loo sameeyo koodka mnemonic la aqbali karo." Halkan R wuxuu ka yimid xarafka saddexaad ee ereyga "euro". Lacagta laga hadlayaa waxay beddeshay lacag kale oo isku magac ah, dib-u-qiimaynta awgeed. Si ay labada lacagood u yeeshaan kood kala duwan, xaraf saddexaad oo kala duwan waa in loo doortaa code-ka lacagta cusub. Xaaladaha qaarkood, xarafka saddexaad waa bilowga "cusub" ee luqadda dalkaas, si loo kala saaro lacag duug ah oo dib loo qiimeeyo; koodhka ayaa mararka qaarkood dhaafa isticmaalka ereyga "cusub" laftiisa (tusaale ahaan, koodka Peso Mexico waaMXN , oo ka tarjumaysa dib-u-qiimaynta 1993). Xalka kale ee lacagta dib loo qiimeeyay oo la mid ah magacii hore waa in la doorto xaraf saddexaad taas oo keenta kood 3-xaraf ah oo leh muhiimad mnemonic ah. Tusaale ahaan, Ruble Ruush ka bedelayRUR kuRUB ka dib dib-u-qiimaynta, halkaas oo B ka yimid xarafka saddexaad ee ereyga "ruble". ===Lacagaha X (lacagta, biraha qaaliga ah, kuwa ka sarreeya, kuwa kale) wax ka beddel=== Marka lagu daro koodhadhka lacagaha qaranka ee firfircoon ee ISO 4217 waxay bixisaa codes loogu talagalay lacagaha "supranational", ujeeddooyin habraac ah, iyo waxyaabo badan oo "la mid ah" lacagaha: Koodhadhka biraha qaaliga ah ee dahabka (XAU), silver (XAG), palladium (XPD), iyo platinum (XPT) ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la horgeynayo calaamadda kiimikada ee elementka oo leh xarafka "X". Kuwan "cutubyada lacagta" waxaa lagu qeexaa inay yihiin hal troy ounce oo birta la cayimay. Koodhka XTS waxa loo hayaa in lagu isticmaalo imtixaanka. Koodhka XXX waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu muujiyo "wax kala beddelasho" oo aan ku jirin lacag. Waxa kale oo jira xeerar qeexaya qaar ka mid ah qalabyada lacageed ee loo isticmaalo maaliyadda caalamiga ah, tusaale ahaan XDR waa astaanta sawirka gaarka ah ee ay bixiso Sanduuqa Lacagta Adduunka ee IMF . Koodhadhka lacagaha ugu sarreeya , sida doollarka Bari ee Kariibiyaanka , faranka CFP , faranka CFA ee BEAC, iyo faranka CFA ee BCEAO. Kuwii ka horreeyay euro, Unugga Lacagta Yurub (ECU), ayaa lahaa code XEU. Isticmaalka xarafka bilowga ah "X" ee ujeeddooyinkan waxaa fududeeyay qaanuunka ISO 3166 ee ah in aan kood rasmi ah oo waddan oo ka bilaabma X waligiis loo qoondayn doonin. Ku darida Midowga Yurub (oo tilmaamaysa Midowga Yurub ) ee ISO 3166-1 liiska kood ee kaydsan ayaa u oggolaanaya euro in lagu calaamadiyo sida EUR halkii loo qoondeyn lahaa kood ka bilaabma X, inkastoo ay tahay lacag ka sarreysa. ===Koodhadhka tirada=== ISO 4217 sidoo kale waxay u qoondaysaa kood lambar saddex-god ah lacag kasta. Koodhkan nambarada ah ayaa badanaa la mid ah koodhka nambarada ee loo qoondeeyay waddanka u dhigma ee ISO 3166-1 . Tusaale ahaan, USD ( Dollarka Maraykanka ) waxay leedahay kood lambareed 840 oo sidoo kale ah ISO 3166-1 code ee "US" (Mareykanka) ==Liiska koodka lacagta ISO 4217== ===Koodhadhka firfircoon=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa liiska koodka firfircoon ee magacyada lacagta rasmiga ah ee ISO 4217 ilaa 1da Janaayo 2024. Halbeegga qiyamka waxaa loo yaqaan "code alfabetic", "code number", "cutubka yar", iyo "qayb" {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Koodhka !! Tirada !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA">Number of digits after the [[decimal separator]].</ref>}} !! Lacagta !! Goobaha lacagtan lagu isticmaalo |- | AED ||784 ||2 ||[[United Arab Emirates dirham]] ||[[United Arab Emirates]] |- | AFN ||971 ||2 ||[[Afghan afghani]] ||[[Afghanistan]] |- | ALL ||008 ||2 ||[[Albanian lek]] ||[[Albania]] |- | AMD ||051 ||2 ||[[Armenian dram]] ||[[Armenia]] |- | ANG ||532 ||2 ||[[Netherlands Antillean guilder]] ||[[Netherlands Antilles]] |- | AOA ||973 ||2 ||[[Angolan kwanza]] ||[[Angola]] |- | ARS ||032 ||2 ||[[Argentine peso]] ||[[Argentina]] |- | AUD ||036 ||2 ||[[Australian dollar]] ||[[Australia]], [[Australian Antarctic Territory]], [[Christmas Island]], [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], [[Heard and McDonald Islands]], [[Kiribati]], [[Nauru]], [[Norfolk Island]], [[Tuvalu]] |- | AWG ||533 ||2 ||[[Aruban florin]] ||[[Aruba]] |- | AZN ||944 ||2 ||[[Azerbaijani manat]] ||[[Azerbaijan]] |- | BAM ||977 ||2 ||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark]] ||[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |- | BBD ||052 ||2 ||[[Barbados dollar]] ||[[Barbados]] |- | BDT ||050 ||2 ||[[Bangladeshi taka]] ||[[Bangladesh]] |- | BGN ||975 ||2 ||[[Bulgarian lev]] ||[[Bulgaria]] |- | BHD ||048 ||3 ||[[Bahraini dinar]] ||[[Bahrain]] |- | BIF ||108 ||0 ||[[Burundian franc]] ||[[Burundi]] |- | BMD ||060 ||2 ||[[Bermudian dollar]] (aka Bermuda dollar) ||[[Bermuda]] |- | BND ||096 ||2 ||[[Brunei dollar]] ||[[Brunei]], [[Singapore]] |- | BOB ||068 ||2 ||[[Boliviano]] ||[[Bolivia]] |- | BOV ||984 ||2 ||Bolivian Mvdol (funds code) ||[[Bolivia]] |- | BRL ||986 ||2 ||[[Brazilian real]] ||[[Brazil]] |- | BSD ||044 ||2 ||[[Bahamian dollar]] ||[[Bahamas]] |- | BTN ||064 ||2 ||[[Bhutanese ngultrum]] ||[[Bhutan]] |- | BWP ||072 ||2 ||[[Botswana pula]] ||[[Botswana]] |- | BYR ||974 ||0 ||[[Belarusian ruble]]<!--ISO spelling--> ||[[Belarus]] |- | BZD ||084 ||2 ||[[Belize dollar]] ||[[Belize]] |- | CAD ||124 ||2 ||[[Canadian dollar]] ||[[Canada]] |- | CDF ||976 ||2 ||[[Congolese franc]] ||[[Democratic Republic of Congo]] |- | CHE ||947 ||2 ||[[WIR Bank]] ([[complementary currency]]) ||[[Switzerland]] |- | CHF ||756 ||2 ||[[Swiss franc]] ||[[Switzerland]], [[Liechtenstein]] |- | CHW ||948 ||2 ||[[WIR Bank]] ([[complementary currency]]) ||[[Switzerland]] |- | CLF ||990 ||0 ||[[Unidad de Fomento]] (funds code) ||[[Chile]] |- | CLP ||152 ||0 ||[[Chilean peso]] ||[[Chile]] |- | CNY ||156 ||2 ||[[Renminbi|Chinese yuan]] ||[[China]] (Mainland) |- | COP ||170 ||2 ||[[Colombian peso]] ||[[Colombia]] |- | COU ||970 ||2 ||[[Unidad de Valor Real]] ||[[Colombia]] |- | CRC ||188 ||2 ||[[Costa Rican colon]] ||[[Costa Rica]] |- | CUP ||192 ||2 ||[[Cuban peso]] ||[[Cuba]] |- | CVE ||132 ||0 ||[[Cape Verde escudo]] ||[[Cape Verde]] |- | CZK ||203 ||2 ||[[Czech koruna]] ||[[Czech Republic]] |- | DJF ||262 ||0 ||[[Djiboutian franc]] ||[[Djibouti]] |- | DKK ||208 ||2 ||[[Danish krone]] ||[[Denmark]], [[Faroe Islands]], [[Greenland]] |- | DOP ||214 ||2 ||[[Dominican peso]] ||[[Dominican Republic]] |- | DZD ||012 ||2 ||[[Algerian dinar]] ||[[Algeria]] |- | EEK ||233 ||2 ||[[Estonian kroon]] ||[[Estonia]] |- | EGP ||818 ||2 ||[[Egyptian pound]] ||[[Egypt]] |- | ERN ||232 ||2 ||[[Eritrean nakfa]] ||[[Eritrea]] |- | ETB ||230 ||2 ||[[Ethiopian birr]] ||[[Ethiopia]] |- | EUR ||978 ||2 ||[[Euro]] ||[[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Croatia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Estonia]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Malta]], [[Netherlands]], [[Portugal]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Spain]];<br />[[Andorra]], [[Monaco]], [[San Marino]], [[Vatican City]];<br />[[Kosovo]], [[Montenegro]] |- | FJD ||242 ||2 ||[[Fiji dollar]] ||[[Fiji]] |- | FKP ||238 ||2 ||[[Falkland Islands pound]] ||[[Falkland Islands]] |- | GBP ||826 ||2 ||[[Pound sterling]] ||[[United Kingdom]], [[Crown Dependencies]] (the [[Isle of Man]] and the [[Channel Islands]]), certain [[British Overseas Territories]] ([[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]], [[British Antarctic Territory]] and [[British Indian Ocean Territory]]) |- | GEL ||981 ||2 ||[[Georgian lari]] ||[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] |- | GHS ||936 ||2 ||[[Ghanaian cedi]] ||[[Ghana]] |- | GIP ||292 ||2 ||[[Gibraltar pound]] ||[[Gibraltar]] |- | GMD ||270 ||2 ||[[Gambian dalasi]] ||[[Gambia]] |- | GNF ||324 ||0 ||[[Guinean franc]] ||[[Guinea]] |- | GTQ ||320 ||2 ||[[Guatemalan quetzal]] ||[[Guatemala]] |- | GYD ||328 ||2 ||[[Guyanese dollar]] ||[[Guyana]] |- | HKD ||344 ||2 ||[[Hong Kong dollar]] ||[[Hong Kong]] [[Special Administrative Region (People's Republic of China)|Special Administrative Region]], [[Macau]] [[Special Administrative Region (People's Republic of China)|Special Administrative Region]] |- | HNL ||340 ||2 ||[[Honduran lempira]] ||[[Honduras]] |- | HTG ||332 ||2 ||[[Haitian gourde]] ||[[Haiti]] |- | HUF ||348 ||2 ||[[Hungarian forint]] ||[[Hungary]] |- | IDR ||360 ||0 ||[[Indonesian rupiah]] ||[[Indonesia]] |- | ILS ||376 ||2 ||[[Israeli new sheqel]] ||[[Israel]], [[Palestine]] |- | INR ||356 ||2 ||[[Indian rupee]] ||[[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] |- | IQD ||368 ||3 ||[[Iraqi dinar]] ||[[Iraq]] |- | IRR ||364 ||0 ||[[Iranian rial]] ||[[Iran]] |- | ISK ||352 ||0 ||[[Icelandic króna]] ||[[Iceland]] |- | JMD ||388 ||2 ||[[Jamaican dollar]] ||[[Jamaica]] |- | JOD ||400 ||3 ||[[Jordanian dinar]] ||[[Jordan]] |- | JPY ||392 ||0 ||[[Japanese yen]] ||[[Japan]] |- | KES ||404 ||2 ||[[Kenyan shilling]] ||[[Kenya]] |- | KGS ||417 ||2 ||[[Kyrgyzstani som]] ||[[Kyrgyzstan]] |- | KHR ||116 ||0 ||[[Cambodian riel]] ||[[Cambodia]] |- | KMF ||174 ||0 ||[[Comoro franc]] ||[[Comoros]] |- | KPW ||408 ||0 ||[[North Korean won]] ||[[North Korea]] |- | KRW ||410 ||0 ||[[South Korean won]] ||[[South Korea]] |- | KWD ||414 ||3 ||[[Kuwaiti dinar]] ||[[Kuwait]] |- | KYD ||136 ||2 ||[[Cayman Islands dollar]] ||[[Cayman Islands]] |- | KZT ||398 ||2 ||[[Kazakhstani tenge]] ||[[Kazakhstan]] |- | LAK ||418 ||0 ||[[Lao kip]] ||[[Laos]] |- | LBP ||422 ||0 ||[[Lebanese pound]] ||[[Lebanon]] |- | LKR ||144 ||2 ||[[Sri Lankan rupee|Sri Lanka rupee]] ||[[Sri Lanka]] |- | LRD ||430 ||2 ||[[Liberian dollar]] ||[[Liberia]] |- | LSL ||426 ||2 ||[[Lesotho loti]] ||[[Lesotho]] |- | LVL ||428 ||2 ||[[Latvian lats]] ||[[Latvia]] |- | LYD ||434 ||3 ||[[Libyan dinar]] ||[[Libya]] |- | MAD ||504 ||2 ||[[Moroccan dirham]] ||[[Morocco]], [[Western Sahara]] |- | MDL ||498 ||2 ||[[Moldovan leu]] ||[[Moldova]] (except [[Transnistria]]) |- | MGA ||969 ||2 ||[[Malagasy ariary]] ||[[Madagascar]] |- | MKD ||807 ||2 ||[[Macedonian denar]] ||[[Republic of North Macedonia]] |- | MMK ||104 ||0 ||[[Myanma kyat]] ||[[Myanmar]] |- | MNT ||496 ||2 ||[[Mongolian tögrög|Mongolian tugrik]] ||[[Mongolia]] |- | MOP ||446 ||1 ||[[Macanese pataca]] ||[[Macau]] [[Special Administrative Region (People's Republic of China)|Special Administrative Region]] |- | MRU ||478 ||2 ||[[Mauritanian ouguiya]] ||[[Mauritania]] |- | MUR ||480 ||2 ||[[Mauritian rupee]] ||[[Mauritius]] |- | MVR ||462 ||2 ||[[Maldivian rufiyaa]] ||[[Maldives]] |- | MWK ||454 ||2 ||[[Malawian kwacha]] ||[[Malawi]] |- | MXN ||484 ||2 ||[[Mexican peso]] ||[[Mexico]] |- | MXV ||979 ||2 ||[[Mexican Unidad de Inversion]] (UDI) (funds code) ||[[Mexico]] |- | MYR ||458 ||2 ||[[Malaysian ringgit]] ||[[Malaysia]] |- | MZN ||943 ||2 ||[[Mozambican metical]] ||[[Mozambique]] |- | NAD ||516 ||2 ||[[Namibian dollar]] ||[[Namibia]] |- | NGN ||566 ||2 ||[[Nigerian naira]] ||[[Nigeria]] |- | NIO ||558 ||2 ||[[Cordoba oro]] ||[[Nicaragua]] |- | NOK ||578 ||2 ||[[Norwegian krone]] ||[[Norway]], [[Bouvet Island]], [[Queen Maud Land]], [[Peter I Island]] |- | NPR ||524 ||2 ||[[Nepalese rupee]] ||[[Nepal]] |- | NZD ||554 ||2 ||[[New Zealand dollar]] ||[[Cook Islands]], [[New Zealand]], [[Niue]], [[Pitcairn]], [[Tokelau]] |- | OMR ||512 ||3 ||[[Omani rial]] ||[[Oman]] |- | PAB ||590 ||2 ||[[Panamanian balboa]] ||[[Panama]] |- | PEN ||604 ||2 ||[[Peruvian nuevo sol]] ||[[Peru]] |- | PGK ||598 ||2 ||[[Papua New Guinean kina]] ||[[Papua New Guinea]] |- | PHP ||608 ||2 ||[[Philippine peso]] ||[[Philippines]] |- | PKR ||586 ||2 ||[[Pakistani rupee]] ||[[Pakistan]] |- | PLN ||985 ||2 ||[[Polish złoty]] ||[[Poland]] |- | PYG ||600 ||0 ||[[Paraguayan guaraní]] ||[[Paraguay]] |- | QAR ||634 ||2 ||[[Qatari rial]] ||[[Qatar]] |- | RON ||946 ||2 ||[[Romanian Leu|Romanian new leu]] ||[[Romania]] |- | RSD ||941 ||2 ||[[Serbian dinar]] ||[[Serbia]] |- | RUB ||643 ||2 ||[[Russian rouble]] ||[[Russia]], [[Abkhazia]], [[South Ossetia]] |- | RWF ||646 ||0 ||[[Rwandan franc]] ||[[Rwanda]] |- | SAR ||682 ||2 ||[[Saudi riyal]] ||[[Saudi Arabia]] |- | SBD ||090 ||2 ||[[Solomon Islands dollar]] ||[[Solomon Islands]] |- | SCR ||690 ||2 ||[[Seychelles rupee]] ||[[Seychelles]] |- | SDG ||938 ||2 ||[[Sudanese pound]] ||[[Sudan]] |- | SEK ||752 ||2 ||[[Swedish krona]]/kronor ||[[Sweden]] |- | SGD ||702 ||2 ||[[Singapore dollar]] ||[[Singapore]], [[Brunei]] |- | SHP ||654 ||2 ||[[Saint Helena pound]] ||[[Saint Helena]] |- | SLL ||694 ||0 ||[[Sierra Leonean leone]] ||[[Sierra Leone]] |- | SOS ||706 ||2 ||[[Somali shilling]] ||[[Somalia]] (except [[Somaliland]]) |- | SRD ||968 ||2 ||[[Surinamese dollar]] ||[[Suriname]] |- | STD ||678 ||0 ||[[São Tomé and Príncipe dobra]] ||[[São Tomé and Príncipe]] |- | SYP ||760 ||2 ||[[Syrian pound]] ||[[Syria]] |- | SZL ||748 ||2 ||[[Lilangeni]] ||[[Swaziland]] |- | THB ||764 ||2 ||[[Thai baht]] ||[[Thailand]] |- | TJS ||972 ||2 ||[[Tajikistani somoni]] ||[[Tajikistan]] |- | TMT ||934 ||2 ||[[Turkmenistani manat]] ||[[Turkmenistan]] |- | TND ||788 ||3 ||[[Tunisian dinar]] ||[[Tunisia]] |- | TOP ||776 ||2 ||[[Tongan paʻanga]] ||[[Tonga]] |- | TRY ||949 ||2 ||[[Turkish lira]] ||[[Turkey]], [[Northern Cyprus]] |- | TTD ||780 ||2 ||[[Trinidad and Tobago dollar]] ||[[Trinidad and Tobago]] |- | TWD ||901 ||1 ||[[New Taiwan dollar]] ||[[Taiwan]] and [[List of islands of the Republic of China|other islands]] that are under the effective control of the [[Republic of China]] (ROC) |- | TZS ||834 ||2 ||[[Tanzanian shilling]] ||[[Tanzania]] |- | UAH ||980 ||2 ||[[Ukrainian hryvnia]] ||[[Ukraine]] |- | UGX ||800 ||0 ||[[Ugandan shilling]] ||[[Uganda]] |- | USD ||840 ||2 ||[[United States dollar]] ||[[American Samoa]], [[British Indian Ocean Territory]], [[Ecuador]], [[El Salvador]], [[Guam]], [[Haiti]], [[Marshall Islands]], [[Micronesia]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Palau]], [[Panama]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Timor-Leste]], [[Turks and Caicos Islands]], [[United States]], [[Virgin Islands]], [[Bermuda]] (as well as [[Bermudian Dollar]]) |- | USN ||997 ||2 ||United States dollar (next day) (funds code) ||[[United States]] |- | UYU ||858 ||2 ||[[Uruguayan peso]] ||[[Uruguay]] |- | UZS ||860 ||2 ||[[Uzbekistan som]] ||[[Uzbekistan]] |- | VEF ||937 ||2 ||[[Venezuelan bolívar|Venezuelan bolívar fuerte]] ||[[Venezuela]] |- | VND ||704 ||0 ||[[Vietnamese đồng]] ||[[Vietnam]] |- | VUV ||548 ||0 ||[[Vanuatu vatu]] ||[[Vanuatu]] |- | WST ||882 ||2 ||[[Samoan tala]] ||[[Samoa]] |- | XAF ||950 ||0 ||[[Central African CFA franc|CFA franc BEAC]] ||[[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Republic of the Congo]], [[Chad]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]] |- | XAG ||961 ||— ||[[Silver]] (one [[troy ounce]]) || |- | XAU ||959 ||— ||[[Gold]] (one [[troy ounce]]) || |- | XBA ||955 ||— ||[[European Composite Unit]] ||(EURCO) (bond market unit) |- | XBB ||956 ||— ||[[European Monetary Unit]] ||(E.M.U.-6) (bond market unit) |- | XBC ||957 ||— ||[[European Unit of Account 9]] ||(E.U.A.-9) (bond market unit) |- | XBD ||958 ||— ||[[European Unit of Account 17]] ||(E.U.A.-17) (bond market unit) |- | XCD ||951 ||2 ||[[East Caribbean dollar]] ||[[Anguilla]], [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Dominica]], [[Grenada]], [[Montserrat]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] |- | XDR ||960 ||— ||[[Special Drawing Rights]] ||[[International Monetary Fund]] |- | XFU ||Nil ||— ||[[UIC franc]] (special settlement currency) ||[[International Union of Railways]] |- | XOF ||952 ||0 ||[[West African CFA franc|CFA Franc BCEAO]] ||[[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Senegal]], [[Togo]] |- | XPD ||964 ||— ||[[Palladium]] || (one [[troy ounce]]) |- | XPF ||953 ||0 ||[[CFP franc]] ||[[French Polynesia]], [[New Caledonia]], [[Wallis and Futuna]] |- | XPT ||962 ||— ||[[Platinum]] || (one [[troy ounce]]) |- | XTS ||963 ||— ||||Code reserved for testing purposes |- | XXX ||999 ||— ||||No currency |- | YER ||886 ||0 ||[[Yemeni rial]] ||[[Yemen]] |- | ZAR ||710 ||2 ||[[South African rand]] ||[[South Africa]] |- | ZMK ||894 ||0 ||[[Zambian kwacha]] ||[[Zambia]] |- | ZWL ||932 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwe dollar]] ||[[Zimbabwe]] |} ===Koodhadhka aan rasmiga ahayn=== Kuwa soo socdaa waa kood firfircoon oo aan rasmi ahayn oo ku dayanaya qaabka ISO 4217. {| class=wikitable |- ! Kood !! Num !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA"/>}} !! Lacagta !! Goobaha lacagtan lagu isticmaalo !! Xusuusin |- | BTC ||Nil ||8<ref name="bitcoinfaq">{{cite web | url=http://www.bitcoin.org/faq#How_divisible_are_Bitcoins | title=Bitcoin FAQ | accessdate=2010-08-12 }}</ref> ||[[Bitcoin]] ||Global (internet-based, anonymous [[electronic money]]) ||Loo isticmaalo goobaha ganacsiga ee Bitcoin, iyo waraaqaha mashruuca Bitcoin ee rasmiga ah<ref name="bitcoinfaq"/><ref name="bitcointrade">{{cite web | title=Trade Bitcoins | url=http://www.bitcoin.org/trade | accessdate=2010-08-12 }}</ref> |} ==Aan lahayn koodka lacagta== Tiro dhulal ah kuma jiraan ISO 4217, sababtoo ah lacagahooda waa: (a) midkiiba waa lacag madax banaan laakiin waa kala duwanaanshiyaha lacag kale, (b) hindise sharci ah oo kaliya oo loo soo saaray sidii warqado xusuus ah iyo/ama qadaadiic, ama (c) lacag dawlad aan la aqoonsan ama qayb ahaan la aqoonsan yahay . Lacagahan ayaa kala ah: Alderney pound (1:1 lagu dhajiyay pound-ka) Doolarka jasiiradaha Cook (1:1 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay dollarka New Zealand) Faroese króna (1:1 ayaa lagu dhejiyay krone Danishka) Pound Guernsey (1:1 lagu dhejiyay pound-ka Sterling) Isle of Man pound (1:1 lagu dhejiyay pound-ka) Pound Jersey (1:1 lagu dhejiyay pound-ka Sterling) Doolarka Kiribati (1:1 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay Doolarka Australia) Maltese scudo (1:0.24 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay euro [ 4 ] ) Shilinka Somaliland (Xaaladda wax soo saarka waxa loo arkaa de jure qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya , sarifka lacagta ma go'an) Ruble Transnistrian (xaaladda arrinta waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay qayb ka mid ah Moldova ) Doolarka Tuvaluan (1:1 ayaa lagu qiimeeyay Doolarka Australia) Koodhadhka soo socda ee aan ISO ahayn ayaa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, mararka qaarkood ganacsi ahaan loo isticmaalo ==Koodhadhka lacagta duugga ah== Tiro lacag ah ayaa ahaa ISO 4217 codes lacageed iyo magacyo lacag ah ilaa laga beddelayo euro ama lacago kale. Ogsoonow in magacyada lacagta ee hoos lagu isticmaalo laga yaabo inaysan u dhigmin magacyada lacagta lagu isticmaalo heerka ISO laftiisa, laakiin koodhku way iswaafaqayaan {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Koodhka !! Tirada !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA"/>}} !! Lacagta !! Ka !! ilaa<br />-01-01 !! Waxaa bedelay |- | ADF ||… ||2 ||[[Andorran franc]] (1:1 lacagta faransiiska) ||? ||1999 ||rowspan=24 |'''EUR''' |- | ADP ||020 ||0 ||[[Andorran peseta]] (1:1 ku dhufo[[Spanish peseta]]) ||? ||1999 |- | ATS ||040 ||2 ||[[Austrian schilling]] ||1945 ||1999 |- | BEF ||056 ||1 ||[[Belgian franc]] (Ururka lacagta ee LUF) ||1832 ||1999 |- | CUC ||931 ||2 ||[[Cuban convertible peso]] ||1994 ||2022 ||CUP |- | CYP ||196 ||2 ||[[Cypriot pound]] ||1879 ||2008 |- | DEM ||276 ||2 ||[[German mark]] ||1948 ||1999 |- | ESP ||724 ||0 ||[[Spanish peseta]] ||1869 ||1999 |- | FIM ||246 ||2 ||[[Finnish markka]] ||1860 ||1999 |- | FRF ||250 ||2 ||[[French franc]] ||1960 ||1999 |- | GRD ||300 ||0 ||[[Greek drachma]] ||1954 ||2001 |- | HRK ||191 ||2 ||[[Croatian kuna]] ||1992 ||2023 |- | IEP ||372 ||2 ||[[Irish pound]] (ku qor afka Irishka) ||1938 ||1999 |- | ITL ||380 ||0 ||[[Italian lira]] ||1861 ||1999 |- | LTL ||440 ||2 ||[[Lithuanian litas]] ||1992 ||2015 |- | LUF ||442 ||1 ||[[Luxembourg franc]] midowga lacagta leh ( BEF) ||1944 ||1999 |- | MCF ||… ||1 ||[[Monegasque franc]] (midowga lacagta lehFRF) ||1960 ||1999 |- | MTL ||470 ||2 ||[[Maltese lira]] ||1968<ref name="Fatepapermoney">{{cite web|url=http://news.goldseek.com/GoldSeek/1214842037.php |title=Fate of Paper Money |publisher=News.goldseek.com |date=2008-06-30 |accessdate=2010-09-01}}</ref>||2008 |- | NLG ||528 ||2 ||[[Netherlands guilder]] ||1810s ||1999 |- | PTE ||620 ||0 ||[[Portuguese escudo]] ||1911-05-22 ||1999 |- | SIT ||705 ||1 ||[[Slovenian tolar]] ||1991-10-08 ||2007 |- | SKK ||703 ||1 ||[[Slovak koruna]] ||1993-02-08 ||2009 |- | SML ||… ||0 ||[[San Marinese lira]] (Ururka lacagta ee ITL iyo VAL) ||1864 ||1999 |- | VAL ||… ||0 ||[[Vatican lira]] (Ururka lacagta ee ITL iyo SML ||1929 ||1999 |- | XEU ||954 ||. ||[[European Currency Unit]] (1 XEU = 1 EUR) ||? ||1999 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Code !! Num !! {{nowrap|E<ref name="ReferenceA"/>}} !! Currency !! From !! Until !! Replaced by |- | AFA ||004 || ||[[Afghan afghani]] ||1925 ||2003 ||AFN |- | AON ||024 ||0 ||[[Angolan kwanza|Angolan new kwanza]] ||1990 ||1995 ||AOR |- | AOR ||982 ||0 ||[[Angolan kwanza|Angolan kwanza readjustado]] ||1995 ||1999 ||AOA |- | ARL ||… ||2 ||[[Argentine peso ley]] ||1970-01-01 ||1983-05-05 ||ARP |- | ARP ||… ||2 ||[[Argentine peso argentino]] ||1983-06-06 ||1985-06-14 ||ARA |- | ARA ||… ||2 ||[[Argentine austral]] ||1985-06-15 ||1991-12-31 ||ARS |- | AZM ||031 ||0 ||[[Azerbaijani manat]] ||1992-08-15 ||2006-01-01 ||AZN |- | BDT || ||1 ||[[Bangladeshi Taka]] ||February 1972 ||Still in use||— |- | BGL ||100 ||2 ||Bulgarian lev A/99 ||1962 ||1999-07-05 ||BGN |- | BOP ||… ||2 ||[[Bolivian peso]] ||1963-01-01 ||1987-01-01 ||BOB |- | BRB ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzeiro]] novo ||1967 ||1986 ||BRC |- | BRC ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzado]] ||1986 ||1989 ||BRN |- | BRE ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzeiro]] ||1990 ||1993 ||BRR |- | BRN ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzado novo]] ||1989-01-15 ||1990-03-15 ||BRE |- | BRR ||… ||2 ||[[Brazilian cruzeiro real]] ||1993-08-01 ||1994 ||BRL |- | CSD ||891 ||2 ||[[Serbian dinar]] ||2003-07-03 ||2006 ||RSD |- | CSK ||200 || ||[[Czechoslovak koruna]] ||? ||1993-02-08 ||CZK and SKK |- | DDM ||278 || ||[[East German Mark]] ee ah [[GDR]] (Bari Jarmalka) ||1948-06-21 ||1990-07-01 ||DEM |- | ECS ||218 ||0 ||[[Ecuadorian sucre]] ||? ||2000 ||USD |- | ECV ||983 ||. ||Ecuador [[Unidad de Valor Constante]] (code sanduuqa) (la joojiyay) ||1993 ||2000-01-09 ||— |- | GQE ||… || ||[[Equatorial Guinean ekwele]] ||1975 ||1985 ||XAF |- | ESA ||996 || ||Spanish peseta (account A) ||? ||? ||ESP |- | ESB ||995 || ||peseta Isbaanishka (koontada B) ||? ||? ||ESP |- | GNE ||… || ||[[Guinean syli]] ||1971 ||1985 ||GNF |- | GHC ||288 ||0 ||[[Ghanaian cedi]] ||1967 ||2007-07-01 ||GHS |- | GWP ||624 || ||[[Guinea-Bissau peso]] ||1975 ||1997 ||XOF |- | ILP ||… ||3, 2 ||[[Israeli lira]] ||1948 ||1980 ||ILR |- | ILR ||… ||2 ||[[Old Israeli shekel|Israeli shekel]] ||1980-02-24 ||1985-12-31 ||ILS |- | ISJ ||… ||0 ||[[Icelandic old krona]] ||? ||1981 ||ISK |- | LAJ ||… || ||[[Lao kip]] ||? ||1979 ||LAK |- | MAF ||… ||– ||[[Moroccan franc]] ||1921 ||1960–1976 ||MADeu |- | MGF ||450 || ||[[Malagasy franc]] ||1963-07-01 ||2005-01-01 ||MGA |- | MKN ||… || ||[[Macedonian denar|Old Macedonian denar]] A/93 ||? ||1993 ||MKD |- | MLF ||… || ||[[Malian franc|Mali franc]] ||? ||1984 ||XOF |- | MVQ ||… || ||[[Maldivian rupee]] ||? ||1981 ||MVR |- | MXP ||… || ||[[Mexican peso]] ||? ||1993 ||MXN |- | MZM ||508 ||0 ||[[Mozambican metical]] ||1980 ||2006-06-30 ||MZN |- | NFD ||… ||2 ||[[Newfoundland dollar]] ||1865 ||1949 ||CAD |- | PEH ||… || ||[[Peruvian sol]] ||1863 ||1985-02-01 ||PEI |- | PEI ||… || ||[[Peruvian inti]] ||1985-02-01 ||1991-10-01 ||PEN |- | PLZ ||616 || ||[[Polish zloty]] A/94 ||? ||1995 ||PLN |- | ROL ||642 || ||[[Romania]]n [[Romanian leu|leu]] A/05 ||? ||2005 ||RON |- | RUR ||810 || ||[[Russian rouble]] A/97 ||1992 ||1997-12-31 ||RUB |- | SDD ||736 || ||[[Sudanese dinar]] ||1992-06-08 ||2007-01-10 ||SDG |- | SRG ||740 || ||[[Surinamese guilder|Suriname guilder]] ||? ||2004 ||SRD |- | SUR ||… || ||[[Soviet rouble|Soviet Union rouble]] ||1961 ||1991 ||RUR |- | SVC ||222 ||2 ||[[Salvadoran colón]] ||1892 ||2001 ||USD |- | TJR ||762 || ||[[Tajikistani ruble]] ||1995-05-10 ||2000-10-30 ||TJS |- | TMM ||795 ||0 ||[[Turkmenistani manat]] ||1993-11-01 ||2008-12-31 ||TMT |- | TRL ||792 ||0 ||[[Turkish lira]] A/05 ||? ||2005 ||TRY |- | UAK ||804 || ||[[Ukrainian karbovanets]] ||? ||1996-09-02 ||UAH |- | UGS ||… || ||[[Ugandan shilling]] A/87 ||? ||1987 ||UGX |- | USS ||998 ||2 ||Doolarka Maraykanka (isku maalin) (koodhka lacagaha) || ||||— |- | UYN ||… || ||[[Uruguay old peso]] ||? ||1993-03-01 ||UYU |- | VEB ||862 ||2 ||[[Venezuelan bolívar]] ||? ||2008-01-01 ||VEF |- | XFO ||… || ||[[Gold franc]] (lacagta dejinta gaarka ah) ||? ||2003 ||XDR |- | YDD ||720 || ||[[South Yemeni dinar]] ||? ||1996-06-11 ||YER |- | YUD ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1966-01-01 ||1989-12-31 ||YUN |- | YUN ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1990-01-01 ||1992-06-30 ||YUR |- | YUR ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1992-07-01 ||1993-09-30 ||YUO |- | YUO ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1993-10-01 ||1993-12-31 ||YUG |- | YUG ||… ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1994-01-01 ||1994-01-23 ||YUM |- | YUM ||891 ||2 ||[[Yugoslav dinar]] ||1994-01-24 ||2003-07-02 ||CSD |- | ZAL ||991 ||. ||Koonfur Afrika [[financial rand]] (code sanduuqa) (la joojiyay) ||1985-09-01 ||1995-03-13 ||— |- | ZRN ||180 ||2 ||[[Zaïrean new zaïre]] ||1993 ||1997 ||CDF |- | ZRZ ||… ||3 ||[[Zaïrean zaïre]] ||1967 ||1993 ||ZRN |- | ZWC ||… ||2 ||[[Rhodesian dollar]] ||1970-02-17 ||1980 ||ZWD |- | ZWD ||716 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwean dollar]] A/06 ||1980-04-18 ||2006-07-31 ||ZWN |- | ZWN ||942 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwean dollar]] A/08 ||2006-08-01 ||2008-07-31 ||ZWR |- | ZWR ||935 ||2 ||[[Zimbabwean dollar]] A/09 ||2008-08-01 ||2009-02-02 ||ZWL |} ==Faahfaahinta lacagta== ===Qaybaha unugyada yaryar=== Daabacaadda 2008 (7aad) ee ISO 4217 waxay leedahay waxyaalahan soo socda oo ku saabsan unugyada lacagta yar: Shuruudo ayaa mararka qaarkood soo baxa qiyamka lagu muujinayo qaybo yar oo lacag ah. Marka tani dhacdo, waa lagama maarmaan in la ogaado xiriirka tobanlaha ah ee ka dhexeeya lacagta ay khusayso iyo qaybteeda yar. Haddaba xogtan ayaa lagu daray heerkan caalamiga ah waxaana lagu muujiyey tiirka cinwaankiisu yahay "Unugga Yar" ee Jadwalka A.1 iyo A.2; "0" macnaheedu waa in aanay jirin unug yar oo lacagtaas ah, halka "1", "2" iyo "3" ay tilmaamayaan saamiga 10:1, 100:1 iyo1000 :1 siday u kala horreeyaan. Magacyada unugyada yaryar lama sheegin. Tusaalooyinka saamiga100 :1 iyo1000 :1 waxa ku jira dollarka Maraykanka iyo dinaarka Bahraini , kaas oo tiirka cinwaankiisu yahay "Minor unit" uu muujinayo "2" iyo "3", siday u kala horreeyaan. Laga bilaabo 2021 , laba lacagood ayaa leh saamiyo aan tobanle ahayn, ouguiya Mauritania iyo ariary Malagasy ; labada xaaladoodba saamigu waa 5:1. Kuwan, tiirka "cutubka yar" wuxuu muujinayaa lambarka "2". Lacagaha qaar, sida faranka Burundi , dhab ahaantii ma haystaan ​​wax lacag ah oo yar. Kuwani waxay muujinayaan lambarka "0", sida lacagaha aan cutubyadooda yar-yar la isticmaalin qiimaha dayacan awgeed. ===Booska koodka qaabaynta qaddarka=== Heerka ISO 4217 ma nidaamiyo kala dheereynta, horgalayaasha ama ku dhejinta isticmaalka koodhka lacagta. Hagaha qaabka Xafiiska Daabacaada Midowga Yurub wuxuu caddaynayaa in qoraallada ay soo saareen ama loo soo mariyey Komishanka ee Ingiriisiga , Irishka , Latvia , iyo Malta , koodka ISO 4217 waa in lagu raaco "meel adag" ( meel aan jabin ) iyo qaddarka: lacag dhan 30 Euro iyo qoraalada Bulgaariya , Croatian , Czech , Danish , Dutch , Istooniyaan , Finnish , Faransiis , Jarmal , Greek , Hungarian , Talyaani , Lithuanian , Polish , Bortuqiis , Romanian , Slovak , Slovene , Isbaanish , iyo Iswidhishka amarka waa rogaal celis; Qadarka waxaa raacaya meel aan jabin iyo koodka ISO 4217: wuxuu ahaa 30 Euro Sida lagu muujiyay, nidaamka laguma go'aamiyo lacagta laakiin waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa luqadda hooyo ee macnaha guud. ===USD, USN: laba lambar oo lacagta Maraykanka === Doolarka Maraykanku dhab ahaantii wuxuu leeyahay saddex lambar oo loo qoondeeyay: USD, USS (isku maalin) iyo USN (maalinta xigta). Marka loo eego tallada UN/CEFACT 9, cutubyada 8-9 ECE/TRADE/203, 1996, oo laga heli karo online Archived 2010-06-26 ee Mashiinka Wayback : 8. Codsiyada halka agabka lacageed ee laxidhiidha lacag (tusaale ahaan lacagaha) aan loo baahnayn in la cayimo iyo halka aqoonsiga goobta ee tilmaamaya lacagta la isticmaalo, labada xaraf ee ugu horeeya (bidix) ayaa ku filan in lagu aqoonsado lacag-tusaale: US Dollarka Maraykanka guud ahaan, ujeeddooyin aan la cayimin halka aqoonsiga goobta ee tilmaamaya lacagtu uu joogo. (Aqoonsigu wuxuu noqon karaa goob hore loo daabacay oo cinwaankeedu yahay dukumeenti toosan ama codsi la mid ah oo lagu heshiiyey gudbinta xogta elektaroonigga ah.) 9. Codsiyada ay jirto baahi loo qabo in la kala saaro noocyada kala duwan ee lacagaha, ama meelaha lacagaha looga baahan yahay sida jawiga bangiyada, ama meesha aysan jirin aqoonsi goobeed, saddexaad (xaq u) dabeecadda koodka alifbeetada waa tilmaame, gaar ahaan mnemonic, oo laga soo qaatay magaca qaybta lacagta weyn ama sanduuqa - tusaale ahaan: USD guud ahaan, ujeedooyin aan la cayimin; USN ee lacagta Maraykanka dollarka maalinta xigta, iyo USS ee miisaaniyadaha kuwaas oo isla markiiba diyaar u ah wareejinta Kaydka Federaalka, ka saarista lacag caddaan ah ama ku wareejinta sida lacagaha (lacag-maalinta isla-maalinta ah). Maaddaama aysan jirin baahi loo qabo kala soociddan codsiyada ganacsiga caalamiga ah, code-yada lacagaha laguma darin Lifaaqa soo-jeedinta hadda. ==Tixraacyo== [https://www.bitcoin.org/trade "Bitcoins ka ganacsiga"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bitcoin.org/trade |date=20110423151230 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20090611183044/http://www.orderofmalta.org/site/infonumi.asp?idlingua=5 "Amarka Boqortooyada Malta - goobta rasmiga ah"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20061031165137/http://www.lloydstsbcorporatemarkets.com/glossary/currencies.asp "Lloyds TSB Suuqyada Shirkadaha - Lacagaha Wadamada iyo Koodhadhka"] [http://news.goldseek.com/GoldSeek/1214842037.php "Masiirka Lacagta Warqadda"] ==Mareegaha kale== [http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html Liiska rasmiga ah ee ISO 4217 alifbeetada iyo koodhadhka nambarada] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/popstds/currencycodeslist.html |date=20080819183925 }} [http://www.currency-iso.org/ ISO 4217 Wakaaladda dayactirka] [http://www.abbreviations.com/acronyms/CURRENCIES Liis dheer oo lacagaha caalamiga ah iyo foomka soo gaabinta] [http://www.etoolsage.com/Query/CurrencyCode.asp?toolsort=1100 Raadinta Koodhadhka Lacagta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.etoolsage.com/Query/CurrencyCode.asp?toolsort=1100 |date=20100904070428 }} [http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-370303.htm#position Booska ISO code ama lacagta saxeexa euro] [http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Liis kale oo nambaro iyo alifbeetada ISO 4217 ah] [http://www.unece.org/cefact/recommendations/rec09/rec09_ecetrd203.pdf Liis da'weyn oo ah ISO 4217 codes alifbeetada oo ka kooban qaar ka mid ah taariikhda ISO 4217] 5jcijvdt2vlw0nn3o35978ipxfesby6 0 12657 305481 302369 2026-08-17T23:16:40Z TheWikipedian1250 24082 /* */ 305481 wikitext text/x-wiki ::''Kani waa maqaal ku saabsan Alle (s.w). Bogaga [[Alle]], [[Allah]] waxa laga soo toosiyay halkan.'' {{Islaam}} '''[[Alle]]''', '''[[Allah]]''', '''Ilaah''', iyo '''Rabbi''' ([[Af-Carabi]]: الله; {{lang-it|Dio}}; {{lang-en|God}}; Ge'ez: እግዚአብሔር) ({{IPAc-en|lang|pron|ˈ|æ|l|ə}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|l|ə}}; <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/allah "Allah"]. ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.</ref> {{lang-ar|الله}} {{transl|ar|ALA|''Allāh''}}, {{IPA-ar|ʔalˤˈlˤɑːh|IPA|Ar-Allah.oga}}) (''[[Arabic definite article|al]] ilāh'').<ref>[https://www.jw.org/so/tacliinta-kitaabka/suʼaalo/magacyada-ilaahay/ Ilaahay Immisa Magac Buu Leeyahay?]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034958/http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html God. Islam: Empire of Faith] (en)</ref><ref>"Islam iyo Christianity", ''Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as ''Allāh''.</ref><ref>Allah, Encyclopaedia of Islam Online, L. Gardet, 2 May 2007}}</ref> waa awooda guud ee maamula [[koon]]ka iyo wixii ku dhex jira ee [[dad]]ka, [[xayawaan]]ka, [[jin]]ka, [[malag|malaa'igta]], [[shaydaan]]ka iyo wixii soo raaca. Sida ku xusan [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka, Ilaahay waa: :::″[[Aqoon]]-badane, [[Awood]]-badane, wax kasta maqla, wax kasta arka, wax kasta og, kan ugu wanaagsan, siduu doono yeele, waligiis soo noolaa, waligiis noolaan doona, waxba aan dhalin, asaga la dhalin, Kan ugu weyn, Kali, Kow, naxariis badane, ciqaab adke, Kan ugu horeeya, Kan ugu dambeeya, Boqor, Boqorka boqorada, Deeq badane, Nabadgelye, Hanuuniye, Toosiye, Abuure iyo astaamo badan oo kale.″ Alle waa kan abuuray [[duni]]da wixii ku dhexjira ee nool iyo aan noolayn, [[meere]]yaasha, [[qorax]]da, [[xidig]]aha, [[hawo|hawada]], [[biyo|biyaha]] iyo guud ahaan [[Koon]]ka. Sidoo kale, Ilaahay Asaga ayaa maamula dhamaan nolosha, dhimashada, arsaaqada iyo wixii la halmaala.<ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10620032 Sikhs target of 'Allah' attack] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10620032 |date=20190403114253 }}, Julia Zappei, Jan. 14, 2010, ''The New Zealand Herald''. Accessed on line Jan. 15, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11139915 Malaysia court rules non-Muslims can't use 'Allah'] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11139915 |date=20190403114255 }}, Oct. 14, 2013, ''The New Zealand Herald''. Accessed on line Jan. 15, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/02/us-malaysia-religion-idUSBREA010C120140102 Malaysia's Islamic authorities seize Bibles as Allah row deepens] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/02/us-malaysia-religion-idUSBREA010C120140102 |date=20140116121501 }}, Niluksi Koswanage, Jan. 2, 2014, Reuters. Accessed on line Jan. 15, 2014</ref> [[File:Istanbul, Hagia Sophia, Allah.jpg|left|thumb|Allah oo ku qoran farta [[Carab]]iga]] [[File:Allah name in different languages.png|left|thumb|Allah oo ku qoran noocyo badan oo farta caalamka ah]] Ilaahay (s.w.t) waa kan abuuray dhamaan [[nolol|nolosha]], isla markaana maamula jiritaanka, calafka, nolosha iyo dhimashada wakhtigooda. Sida [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ku inoo sheegay awoodaha [[Alle]] waxaa ugu waawayn abuurida [[cir]]ka iyo [[dhul]]ka, iyo [[duni|duunyooyinka]] kale, [[malag|malaa'igta]], [[dad]]ka, [[jini|jinka]] iyo dhamaan [[noole|noolaha]] ku dhexjira [[koon]]ka. Sidoo kale, waxaa jira [[jano]] iyo [[cadaab]] la isku xisaabin doono [[aakhiro]]. [[File:Arabic components (letters) in the word Allah.svg|thumb|right|240px| Ereyada af-Carabi ee kelmada "Allah" ka samaysan tahay:<br />1. [[carabi|alif]]<br />2. [[carabi|hamzat waṣl]] (همزة وصل)<br />3. [[carabi|lām]]<br />4. lām<br />5. [[carabi|shadda]] (شدة)<br />6. [[carabi|dagger alif]] (ألف خنجرية)<br />7. [[carabi|hāʾ]]]] Kelmada "Allah" waxay ka timid luuqada [[Carabi]]ga ah ee uu ku soo degay [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka ee saldhiga u ah [[diin]]ta [[Islaam]]ka. Dhamaan dadka qaatay diinta Islaamku waxay sidoo kale isticmaalaan magacyada Alle ee luuqada carabiga ah. Waxaa jira [[Magacyada Allah|99 Magac]] oo Ilaahay (s.w) leeyahay, kuwaasi oo dhamaan xusaya weeynida iyo astaamaha Alle.<ref>[http://www.srigranth.org srigranth.org]</ref> Dhamaan diimaha ka jira caalamka waxay ku salaysan yihiin caabuditaanka Ilaahay, waloow ay siyaabo kala duwan u sharaxaan u cibaadeystaan. Diimaha la isku yidhaahdo "Abrahamiga" oo ku abtirsada [[Nabi Ibraahim]] (c.s) (kuwaasi oo kala ah [[Islaam]]ka, [[Masiixi]]ga iyo [[Yuhuud|Mosaic]]ga) waxay dhamaan aaminsan yihiin oo ka mideeysan yihiin inuu jiro '''Hal Alle''', kaasi oo ah Kan abuuray [[dhul]]ka iyo [[cir]]ka iyo wixii ku dhexjira.<ref>L. Gardet, "Allah", ''Encyclopedia of Islam''</ref><ref>Smith Peter A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith, 2000 Oneworld Publications, pages 274–275</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140428184606/http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFB50.pdf unicode.org]</ref> .<ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Arabic fonts and Mac OS X |url=http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicFonts.html |access-date=2015-09-07 |archive-date=2008-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080310022047/http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicFonts.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Programs for Arabic in Mac OS X |url=http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicProgsx.html |access-date=2015-09-07 |archive-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006005022/http://www.smi.uib.no/ksv/ArabicProgsx.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, diinta Islaamka waxaa ku xusan jiritaanka iyo weeynida Alle, waxana marar badan dadka la xasuusiyaa awooda Allah iyo mucjisooyinkiisa. Talaabada koowaad ee marka qofku soo galayo diinta Islaamka ayaa ah [[Shahaadah|Shahaadada]] taasi oo sheegaysa in qofkaasi qirayo in ''Alle jirin Ilaahay mooyee, [[Nabi Muxamed]]na yahay [[rasuul]]kiisii''. : {{lang|ar|{{large|لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله}}}} : ''{{transl|ar|DIN|lā ʾilāha ʾillā-llāh, muḥammadur rasūlu-llāh}}'' =Magacyada Alle= :::''Qoraal faahfaahsan fiiri [[99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]]'' '''[[Magacyada Allah]]''' ({{lang-ar|أسماء الله الحسنى}} ''{{transl|ar|ʾasmāʾ allāh al-ḥusnā}}'') waa [[magac]]yada [[Ilaahay]] ee ku xusan [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka kariimka ah iyo [[sunna]]ha [[Rasuul]]ka (s.c.w).<ref>Religious Studies for AQA; Thinking About God and Morality, Heinemann Educational Publishers, Marrianne, Fleming Worden, David</ref><ref>Abdullah Saeed, ''The Qur'an: An Introduction'', pg. 63. [[London]]: Routledge, 2008. ISBN 9781134102945</ref> Sida laga soo wariyey [[xadiis]]ka [[Nabi Muxamed]] (n.n.k.h) magacyada Ilaahay ma ahan kuwo la soo koobi karo, laakiin [[99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]] waa kuwo ka mid ah sharaxaada ''awooda'' iyo ''astaamaha'' Alle (s.w). [[Xadiis]] uu [[nabi]]ga ka soo weriyey [[asxaabi]]ga Cabdilahi ibn Mascuud wuxuu sheegay in magacyada Ilaahay qaarkood laga qariyey [[dad|aadamaha]] sababtoo ah maskaxdoodu maba qaadi karto.<ref>The Goodly Word: al-Kalim al-Ṭayyib, Islamic Texts Society, Ibn Taymiyy, page 72</ref> [[File:99names kuwait.jpg|left|thumb|Masjid ay u xardhan tahay 99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]] Ilaahay wuxuu ku yidhi kitaabka Quraanka: “اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَى” “Ilaahay, alle kale ma jiro Asaga mooyee, wuxuu leeyahay Magacyo sharfoon” ([[suurad|surat Dặh, Ayad 8aad]]). Marka la tixraaco diinta Islaamka,<ref>Ibn Majah, Book of Du`a; Malik ibn Anas, ''Muwatta Imam Malik, Muwatta', Kitab al-Shi`r''.</ref> [[Nabi Muxamed]] (c.s.w) ayaa soo ururiyey magacyada Alle, taasi ooy ku xusan tahay [[xadiis]]yo badan. In badan oo Magacyada Alle ah waxay ku xusan yihiin [[kitaab]]ka [[Quraan]]ka, qaar kale waxa laga dhex helay xadiisyada, qaar badana waxay ku dhex jiraan labadoodaba.<ref name=morg10>Diane Morgan, ''Essential Islam: A Comprehensive Guide to Belief and Practice'', pg. 10. [[Kalifornia]] Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2010. ISBN 9780313360251</ref> Xadiis la isku raacsan yahay oo "saxiis Muslim" ah waxaa uu sheegaya: ::[[Abu Hurayra]] waxuu soo weriyey inuu maqlay [[Nabi]]ga [[Alle]] ([[Naxariis iyo Nabadgelyo Korkiisa Ha Ahaato]]ee) oo leh: "Waxaa jira sagaashan-iyo-sagaal magac oo Alle; qofkii xafida wuxuu toos u galayaa [[Jano|Janada]]. Waxaan idiin xaqiijinayaa in Ilaahay yahay [[kinsi]] (Alle waa kali waana kinsi) wuxuuna jecel yahay tirada kinsiga ah." ::::—Waxa soo wariyey Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Nishapuri ''Waa xadiis Saxiix Muslim ah''&nbsp;<ref>Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|35|6475</ref> ::::الرسول محمد {{SCW}} فقال: "إن لله تسعة وتسعين اسما، مائة إلا واحدا، من أحصاها دخل الجنة" =99ka Magac Ee Allah Subxaanahu Watacaala Leeyahay= Magacyada [[Ilaahay]] ee ugu Quruxda badan, ama Magacyada Ilaahay ee ugu Weyn, waa magacyada Ilaahay ee gudbiya ammaantiisa, ammaantiisa, kor u qaadistiisa, weynayntiisa, sifooyinka kaamilnimadiisa, sharraxaadda haybaddiisa, iyo falalka xigmadda, naxariista, faa'iidada, iyo caddaaladda. Ilaahay waxaa loogu yeeraa magacyadan, waxayna si dabiici ah u tilmaamayaan ammaan iyo ammaan. Ilaahay wuxuu isku magacaabay iyaga oo ku jira buugaagtiisa, ama carrabka mid ka mid ah rasuulladiisa, ama wuxuu u kaydiyay naftiisa aqoonta waxa aan la arki karin. Qofna isaga uma eka ama isaga oo kale kuma jiro. Waa kuwa ugu Quruxda badan, oo loogu talagalay inay matalaan dhammaystirka ugu dambeeya ee quruxda magacyada Ilaahay. Qofna si buuxda oo buuxda uma yaqaan marka laga reebo [[Ilaahay|Ilaah]]. <br clear="all" /> {| id="toc" style="margin: 0;background:#ffffff;" width="100%" align="center" ! align="left" style="background:#BFFF00;" width="200" align="center" |[[99ka Magac ee Ilaahay]] ! align="right" rowspan="1" width="5%"| [[File:Arabic components (letters) in the word Allah.svg|60px|]] |- | colspan=2 align="center" style="font-size: 180%" | الله{{·}} الرحمن {{·}} الرحيم {{·}} الملك {{·}} القدوس {{·}} السلام {{·}} المؤمن {{·}} المهيمن {{·}} العزيز {{·}} الجبار {{·}} المتكبر {{·}} الخالق {{·}} البارئ {{·}} المصور {{·}} الغفار {{·}} الغفار {{·}} الوهاب {{·}} الرزاق {{·}} الفتاح العليم {{·}} القابض {{·}} الباسط {{·}} الخَافِض {{·}} الرافع {{·}} المعز {{·}} المذل {{·}} السميع {{·}} البصير {{·}} الحكم العدل{{·}} اللطيف {{·}} الخبير {{·}} الحليم {{·}} العظيم {{·}} الغفور {{·}} الشكور {{·}} العلي {{·}} الكبير {{·}} الحفيظ {{·}} المقيت الواسع {{·}} الحسيب {{·}} الجليل {{·}} الكريم {{·}} الرقيب {{·}} المجيب{{·}} الحكيم {{·}} الودود {{·}} المجيد {{·}} الباعث {{·}} الشهيد الحق{{·}} الوكيل {{·}} القوي {{·}} المتين {{·}} الولي {{·}} الحميد {{·}} المحصي {{·}} المبدئ {{·}} المعيد {{·}} المحيي {{·}} المميت {{·}} الحي {{·}} القيوم {{·}} الواجد {{·}} الماجد{{·}} الواحد {{·}} الاحد {{·}} الصمد {{·}} القادر {{·}} المقتدر {{·}} المقدم {{·}} المؤخر {{·}} الأول {{·}} الأخر {{·}} الظاهر {{·}} الباطن {{·}} الوالي {{·}} المتعالي {{·}} البر {{·}} التواب {{·}} المنتقم {{·}} العفو {{·}} الرؤوف {{·}} مالك الملك {{·}} ذو الجلال والإكرام {{·}} المقسط {{·}} الجامع {{·}} الغني {{·}} المغني {{·}} المانع {{·}} الضار {{·}} النافع {{·}} النور الهادي{{·}} البديع {{·}} الباقي {{·}} الوارث {{·}} الرشيد {{·}} الصبور {{·}} |} =Qoraalo Kale= * [[Allah]] * [[Magacyada Allah]] * [[Shahaadah|Shahaadada]] * [[Tawxiid]]ka =Tixraac= {{Reflist}} = Kuwa la xiriira: = * [https://linktw.in/mptdpl wax walba ilaahay ku saabsan] <--- [[Category:Diin]] [[Category:Islaam]] [[Category:Nolol]] no8ts7jz3i0bduccgx836eouuykb82u 10 16101 305480 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(tiro)|29]]''' |list4= *[[30 (tiro)|30]] *'''[[31 (tiro)|31]]''' *[[32 (tiro)|32]] *[[33 (tiro)|33]] *[[34 (tiro)|34]] *[[35 (tiro)|35]] *[[36 (tiro)|36]] *'''[[37 (tiro)|37]]''' *[[38 (tiro)|38]] *[[39 (tiro)|39]] |list5= *[[40 (tiro)|40]] *'''[[41 (tiro)|41]]''' *[[42 (tiro)|42]] *'''[[43 (tiro)|43]]''' *[[44 (tiro)|44]] *[[45 (tiro)|45]] *[[46 (tiro)|46]] *'''[[47 (tiro)|47]]''' *[[48 (tiro)|48]] *[[49 (tiro)|49]] |list6= *[[50 (tiro)|50]] *[[51 (tiro)|51]] *[[52 (tiro)|52]] *'''[[53 (tiro)|53]]''' *[[54 (tiro)|54]] *[[55 (tiro)|55]] *[[56 (tiro)|56]] *[[57 (tiro)|57]] *[[58 (tiro)|58]] *'''[[59 (tiro)|59]]''' |list7= *[[60 (tiro)|60]] *'''[[61 (tiro)|61]]''' *[[62 (tiro)|62]] *[[63 (tiro)|63]] *[[64 (tiro)|64]] *[[65 (tiro)|65]] *[[66 (tiro)|66]] *'''[[67 (tiro)|67]]''' *[[68 (tiro)|68]] *[[69 (tiro)|69]] |list8= *[[70 (tiro)|70]] *'''[[71 (tiro)|71]]''' *[[72 (tiro)|72]] *'''[[73 (tiro)|73]]''' *[[74 (tiro)|74]] *[[75 (tiro)|75]] *[[76 (tiro)|76]] *[[77 (tiro)|77]] *[[78 (tiro)|78]] *'''[[79 (tiro)|79]]''' |list9= *[[80 (tiro)|80]] *[[81 (tiro)|81]] *[[82 (tiro)|82]] *'''[[83 (tiro)|83]]''' *[[84 (tiro)|84]] *[[85 (tiro)|85]] *[[86 (tiro)|86]] *[[87 (tiro)|87]] *[[88 (tiro)|88]] *'''[[89 (tiro)|89]]''' |list10= *[[90 (tiro)|90]] *[[91 (tiro)|91]] *[[92 (tiro)|92]] *[[93 (tiro)|93]] *[[94 (tiro)|94]] *[[95 (tiro)|95]] *[[96 (tiro)|96]] *'''[[97 (tiro)|97]]''' *[[98 (tiro)|98]] *[[99 (tiro)|99]] }} |list2={{Navbox|child |title=[[100 (tiro)|100]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|1|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[100 (tiro)|100]] *'''[[101 (tiro)|101]]''' *[[102 (tiro)|102]] *'''[[103 (tiro)|103]]''' *[[104 (tiro)|104]] *[[105 (tiro)|105]] *[[106 (tiro)|106]] *'''[[107 (tiro)|107]]''' *[[108 (tiro)|108]] *'''[[109 (tiro)|109]]''' |list2= *[[110 (tiro)|110]] *[[111 (tiro)|111]] *[[112 (tiro)|112]] *'''[[113 (tiro)|113]]''' *[[114 (tiro)|114]] *[[115 (tiro)|115]] *[[116 (tiro)|116]] *[[117 (tiro)|117]] *[[118 (tiro)|118]] *[[119 (tiro)|119]] |list3= *[[120 (tiro)|120]] *[[121 (tiro)|121]] *[[122 (tiro)|122]] *[[123 (tiro)|123]] *[[124 (tiro)|124]] *[[125 (tiro)|125]] *[[126 (tiro)|126]] *'''[[127 (tiro)|127]]''' *[[128 (tiro)|128]] *[[129 (tiro)|129]] |list4= *[[130 (tiro)|130]] *'''[[131 (tiro)|131]]''' *[[132 (tiro)|132]] *[[133 (tiro)|133]] *[[134 (tiro)|134]] *[[135 (tiro)|135]] *[[136 (tiro)|136]] *'''[[137 (tiro)|137]]''' *[[138 (tiro)|138]] *'''[[139 (tiro)|139]]''' |list5= *[[140 (tiro)|140]] *[[141 (tiro)|141]] *[[142 (tiro)|142]] *[[143 (tiro)|143]] *[[144 (tiro)|144]] *[[145 (tiro)|145]] *[[146 (tiro)|146]] *[[147 (tiro)|147]] *[[148 (tiro)|148]] *'''[[149 (tiro)|149]]''' |list6= *[[150 (tiro)|150]] *'''[[151 (tiro)|151]]''' *[[152 (tiro)|152]] *[[153 (tiro)|153]] *[[154 (tiro)|154]] *[[155 (tiro)|155]] *[[156 (tiro)|156]] *'''[[157 (tiro)|157]]''' *[[158 (tiro)|158]] *[[159 (tiro)|159]] |list7= *[[160 (tiro)|160]] *[[161 (tiro)|161]] *[[162 (tiro)|162]] *'''[[163 (tiro)|163]]''' *[[164 (tiro)|164]] *[[165 (tiro)|165]] *[[166 (tiro)|166]] *'''[[167 (tiro)|167]]''' *[[168 (tiro)|168]] *[[169 (tiro)|169]] |list8= *[[170 (tiro)|170]] *[[171 (tiro)|171]] *[[172 (tiro)|172]] *'''[[173 (tiro)|173]]''' *[[174 (tiro)|174]] *[[175 (tiro)|175]] *[[176 (tiro)|176]] *[[177 (tiro)|177]] *[[178 (tiro)|178]] *'''[[179 (tiro)|179]]''' |list9= *[[180 (tiro)|180]] *'''[[181 (tiro)|181]]''' *[[182 (tiro)|182]] *[[183 (tiro)|183]] *[[184 (tiro)|184]] *[[185 (tiro)|185]] *[[186 (tiro)|186]] *[[187 (tiro)|187]] *[[188 (tiro)|188]] *[[189 (tiro)|189]] |list10= *[[190 (tiro)|190]] *'''[[191 (tiro)|191]]''' *[[192 (tiro)|192]] *'''[[193 (tiro)|193]]''' *[[194 (tiro)|194]] *[[195 (tiro)|195]] *[[196 (tiro)|196]] *'''[[197 (tiro)|197]]''' *[[198 (tiro)|198]] *'''[[199 (tiro)|199]]''' }} |list3={{Navbox|child |title=[[200 (tiro)|200]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|2|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[200 (tiro)|200]] *[[201 (tiro)|201]] *[[202 (tiro)|202]] *[[203 (tiro)|203]] *[[204 (tiro)|204]] *[[205 (tiro)|205]] *[[206 (tiro)|206]] *[[207 (tiro)|207]] *[[208 (tiro)|208]] *[[209 (tiro)|209]] |list2= *[[210 (tiro)|210]] *'''[[211 (tiro)|211]]''' *[[212 (tiro)|212]] *[[213 (tiro)|213]] *[[214 (tiro)|214]] *[[215 (tiro)|215]] *[[216 (tiro)|216]] *[[217 (tiro)|217]] *[[218 (tiro)|218]] *[[219 (tiro)|219]] |list3= *[[220 (tiro)|220]] *[[221 (tiro)|221]] *[[222 (tiro)|222]] *'''[[223 (tiro)|223]]''' *[[224 (tiro)|224]] *[[225 (tiro)|225]] *[[226 (tiro)|226]] *'''[[227 (tiro)|227]]''' *[[228 (tiro)|228]] *'''[[229 (tiro)|229]]''' |list4= *[[230 (tiro)|230]] *[[231 (tiro)|231]] *[[232 (tiro)|232]] *'''[[233 (tiro)|233]]''' *[[234 (tiro)|234]] *[[235 (tiro)|235]] *[[236 (tiro)|236]] *[[237 (tiro)|237]] *[[238 (tiro)|238]] *'''[[239 (tiro)|239]]''' |list5= *[[240 (tiro)|240]] *'''[[241 (tiro)|241]]''' *[[242 (tiro)|242]] *[[243 (tiro)|243]] *[[244 (tiro)|244]] *[[245 (tiro)|245]] *[[246 (tiro)|246]] *[[247 (tiro)|247]] *[[248 (tiro)|248]] *[[249 (tiro)|249]] |list6= *[[250 (tiro)|250]] *'''[[251 (tiro)|251]]''' *[[252 (tiro)|252]] *[[253 (tiro)|253]] *[[254 (tiro)|254]] *[[255 (tiro)|255]] *[[256 (tiro)|256]] *'''[[257 (tiro)|257]]''' *[[258 (tiro)|258]] *[[259 (tiro)|259]] |list7= *[[260 (tiro)|260]] *[[261 (tiro)|261]] *[[262 (tiro)|262]] *'''[[263 (tiro)|263]]''' *[[264 (tiro)|264]] *[[265 (tiro)|265]] *[[266 (tiro)|266]] *[[267 (tiro)|267]] *[[268 (tiro)|268]] *'''[[269 (tiro)|269]]''' |list8= *[[270 (tiro)|270]] *'''[[271 (tiro)|271]]''' *[[272 (tiro)|272]] *[[273 (tiro)|273]] *[[274 (tiro)|274]] *[[275 (tiro)|275]] *[[276 (tiro)|276]] *'''[[277 (tiro)|277]]''' *[[278 (tiro)|278]] *[[279 (tiro)|279]] |list9= *[[280 (tiro)|280]] *'''[[281 (tiro)|281]]''' *[[282 (tiro)|282]] *'''[[283 (tiro)|283]]''' *[[284 (tiro)|284]] *[[285 (tiro)|285]] *[[286 (tiro)|286]] *[[287 (tiro)|287]] *[[288 (tiro)|288]] *[[289 (tiro)|289]] |list10= *[[290 (tiro)|290]] *[[291 (tiro)|291]] *[[292 (tiro)|292]] *'''[[293 (tiro)|293]]''' *[[294 (tiro)|294]] *[[295 (tiro)|295]] *[[296 (tiro)|296]] *[[297 (tiro)|297]] *[[298 (tiro)|298]] *[[299 (tiro)|299]] }} |list4={{Navbox|child |title=[[300 (tiro)|300]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|3|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[300 (tiro)|300]] *[[301 (tiro)|301]] *[[302 (tiro)|302]] *[[303 (tiro)|303]] *[[304 (tiro)|304]] *[[305 (tiro)|305]] *[[306 (tiro)|306]] *'''[[307 (tiro)|307]]''' *[[308 (tiro)|308]] *[[309 (tiro)|309]] |list2= *[[310 (tiro)|310]] *'''[[311 (tiro)|311]]''' *[[312 (tiro)|312]] *'''[[313 (tiro)|313]]''' *[[314 (tiro)|314]] *[[315 (tiro)|315]] *[[316 (tiro)|316]] *'''[[317 (tiro)|317]]''' *[[318 (tiro)|318]] *[[319 (tiro)|319]] |list3= *[[320 (tiro)|320]] *[[321 (tiro)|321]] *[[322 (tiro)|322]] *[[323 (tiro)|323]] *[[324 (tiro)|324]] *[[325 (tiro)|325]] *[[326 (tiro)|326]] *[[327 (tiro)|327]] *[[328 (tiro)|328]] *[[329 (tiro)|329]] |list4= *[[330 (tiro)|330]] *'''[[331 (tiro)|331]] *[[332 (tiro)|332]] *[[333 (tiro)|333]] *[[334 (tiro)|334]] *[[335 (tiro)|335]] *[[336 (tiro)|336]] *'''[[337 (tiro)|337]]''' *[[338 (tiro)|338]] *[[339 (tiro)|339]] |list5= *[[340 (tiro)|340]] *[[341 (tiro)|341]] *[[342 (tiro)|342]] *[[343 (tiro)|343]] *[[344 (tiro)|344]] *[[345 (tiro)|345]] *[[346 (tiro)|346]] *'''[[347 (tiro)|347]]''' *[[348 (tiro)|348]] *'''[[349 (tiro)|349]]''' |list6= *[[350 (tiro)|350]] *[[351 (tiro)|351]] *[[352 (tiro)|352]] *'''[[353 (tiro)|353]]''' *[[354 (tiro)|354]] *[[355 (tiro)|355]] *[[356 (tiro)|356]] *[[357 (tiro)|357]] *[[358 (tiro)|358]] *'''[[359 (tiro)|359]]''' |list7= *[[360 (tiro)|360]] *[[361 (tiro)|361]] *[[362 (tiro)|362]] *[[363 (tiro)|363]] *[[364 (tiro)|364]] *[[365 (tiro)|365]] *[[366 (tiro)|366]] *'''[[367 (tiro)|367]]''' *[[368 (tiro)|368]] *[[369 (tiro)|369]] |list8= *[[370 (tiro)|370]] *[[371 (tiro)|371]] *[[372 (tiro)|372]] *'''[[373 (tiro)|373]]''' *[[374 (tiro)|374]] *[[375 (tiro)|375]] *[[376 (tiro)|376]] *[[377 (tiro)|377]] *[[378 (tiro)|378]] *'''[[379 (tiro)|379]]''' |list9= *[[380 (tiro)|380]] *[[381 (tiro)|381]] *[[382 (tiro)|382]] *'''[[383 (tiro)|383]]''' *[[384 (tiro)|384]] *[[385 (tiro)|385]] *[[386 (tiro)|386]] *[[387 (tiro)|387]] *[[388 (tiro)|388]] *'''[[389 (tiro)|389]]''' |list10= *[[390 (tiro)|390]] *[[391 (tiro)|391]] *[[392 (tiro)|392]] *[[393 (tiro)|393]] *[[394 (tiro)|394]] *[[395 (tiro)|395]] *[[396 (tiro)|396]] *'''[[397 (tiro)|397]]''' *[[398 (tiro)|398]] *[[399 (tiro)|399]] }} |list5={{Navbox|child |title=[[400 (tiro)|400]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|4|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[400 (tiro)|400]] *'''[[401 (tiro)|401]]''' *[[402 (tiro)|402]] *[[403 (tiro)|403]] *[[404 (tiro)|404]] *[[405 (tiro)|405]] *[[406 (tiro)|406]] *[[407 (tiro)|407]] *[[408 (tiro)|408]] *'''[[409 (tiro)|409]]''' |list2= *[[410 (tiro)|410]] *[[411 (tiro)|411]] *[[412 (tiro)|412]] *[[413 (tiro)|413]] *[[414 (tiro)|414]] *[[415 (tiro)|415]] *[[416 (tiro)|416]] *[[417 (tiro)|417]] *[[418 (tiro)|418]] *'''[[419 (tiro)|419]]''' |list3= *[[420 (tiro)|420]] *'''[[421 (tiro)|421]]''' *[[422 (tiro)|422]] *[[423 (tiro)|423]] *[[424 (tiro)|424]] *[[425 (tiro)|425]] *[[426 (tiro)|426]] *[[427 (tiro)|427]] *[[428 (tiro)|428]] *[[429 (tiro)|429]] |list4= *[[430 (tiro)|430]] *'''[[431 (tiro)|431]]''' *[[432 (tiro)|432]] *'''[[433 (tiro)|433]]''' *[[434 (tiro)|434]] *[[435 (tiro)|435]] *[[436 (tiro)|436]] *[[437 (tiro)|437]] *[[438 (tiro)|438]] *'''[[439 (tiro)|439]]''' |list5= *[[440 (tiro)|440]] *[[441 (tiro)|441]] *[[442 (tiro)|442]] *'''[[443 (tiro)|443]]''' *[[444 (tiro)|444]] *[[445 (tiro)|445]] *[[446 (tiro)|446]] *[[447 (tiro)|447]] *[[448 (tiro)|448]] *'''[[449 (tiro)|449]]''' |list6= *[[450 (tiro)|450]] *[[451 (tiro)|451]] *[[452 (tiro)|452]] *[[453 (tiro)|453]] *[[454 (tiro)|454]] *[[455 (tiro)|455]] *[[456 (tiro)|456]] *'''[[457 (tiro)|457]]''' *[[458 (tiro)|458]] *[[459 (tiro)|459]] |list7= *[[460 (tiro)|460]] *'''[[461 (tiro)|461]]''' *[[462 (tiro)|462]] *'''[[463 (tiro)|463]] *[[464 (tiro)|464]] *[[465 (tiro)|465]] *[[466 (tiro)|466]] *'''[[467 (tiro)|467]]''' *[[468 (tiro)|468]] *[[469 (tiro)|469]] |list8= *[[470 (tiro)|470]] *[[471 (tiro)|471]] *[[472 (tiro)|472]] *[[473 (tiro)|473]] *[[474 (tiro)|474]] *[[475 (tiro)|475]] *[[476 (tiro)|476]] *[[477 (tiro)|477]] *[[478 (tiro)|478]] *'''[[479 (tiro)|479]]''' |list9= *[[480 (tiro)|480]] *[[481 (tiro)|481]] *[[482 (tiro)|482]] *[[483 (tiro)|483]] *[[484 (tiro)|484]] *[[485 (tiro)|485]] *[[486 (tiro)|486]] *'''[[487 (tiro)|487]]''' *[[488 (tiro)|488]] *[[489 (tiro)|489]] |list10= *[[490 (tiro)|490]] *'''[[491 (tiro)|491]]''' *[[492 (tiro)|492]] *[[493 (tiro)|493]] *[[494 (tiro)|494]] *[[495 (tiro)|495]] *[[496 (tiro)|496]] *[[497 (tiro)|497]] *[[498 (tiro)|498]] *'''[[499 (tiro)|499]]''' }} |list6={{Navbox|child |title=[[500 (tiro)|500]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|5|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= *[[500 (tiro)|500]] *[[501 (tiro)|501]] *[[502 (tiro)|502]] *'''[[503 (tiro)|503]]''' *[[504 (tiro)|504]] *[[505 (tiro)|505]] *[[506 (tiro)|506]] *[[507 (tiro)|507]] *[[508 (tiro)|508]] *'''[[509 (tiro)|509]]''' |list2= *[[510 (tiro)|510]] *[[511 (tiro)|511]] *[[512 (tiro)|512]] *[[513 (tiro)|513]] *[[514 (tiro)|514]] *[[515 (tiro)|515]] *[[516 (tiro)|516]] *[[517 (tiro)|517]] *[[518 (tiro)|518]] *[[519 (tiro)|519]] |list3= *[[520 (tiro)|520]] *'''[[521 (tiro)|521]]''' *[[522 (tiro)|522]] *'''[[523 (tiro)|523]]''' *[[524 (tiro)|524]] *[[525 (tiro)|525]] *[[526 (tiro)|526]] *[[527 (tiro)|527]] *[[528 (tiro)|528]] *[[529 (tiro)|529]] |list4= *[[530 (tiro)|530]] *[[531 (tiro)|531]] *[[532 (tiro)|532]] *[[533 (tiro)|533]] *[[534 (tiro)|534]] *[[535 (tiro)|535]] *[[536 (tiro)|536]] *[[537 (tiro)|537]] *[[538 (tiro)|538]] *[[539 (tiro)|539]] |list5= *[[540 (tiro)|540]] *'''[[541 (tiro)|541]]''' *[[542 (tiro)|542]] *[[543 (tiro)|543]] *[[544 (tiro)|544]] *[[545 (tiro)|545]] *[[546 (tiro)|546]] *'''[[547 (tiro)|547]]''' *[[548 (tiro)|548]] *[[549 (tiro)|549]] |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list7={{Navbox|child |title=[[600 (tiro)|600]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|6|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list8={{Navbox|child |title=[[700 (tiro)|700]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|7|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list9={{Navbox|child |title=[[800 (tiro)|800]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|8|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list10={{Navbox|child |title=[[900 (tiro)|900]] |state={{if|eq|{{{1|}}}|9|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |list11={{Navbox|child |title=[[1000 (tiro)|1000]] |state={{if|eq| {{{1|}}}|10|uncollapsed|collapsed}} |list1= |list2= |list3= |list4= |list5= |list6= |list7= |list8= |list9= |list10= }} |below=Tirooyinka qoraalkooda la waaweyneeyay waa [[Tiro mutuxan|tirooyin mutuxan]]}} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Category:Tusmo xisaab]] </noinclude> szx201clajquvm9rdzdo23a9u3o2dss 0 19257 305508 286274 2026-08-18T05:55:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305508 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category: Somaliland]] {{Infobox airport | nativename = | location = <!--if different than above--> | elevation-m = 1,348 | longd = 044 | coordinates_region = SO | pushpin_label = '''HGA''' | pushpin_label_position = right | r1-length-f = 12,139 | r1-surface = Paved [[Asphalt]]<br>(no [[Instrument Landing System|ILS]]) | metric-rwy = | latm = 31 | lats = 06 | latNS = N | longm = 05 | longs = 20 | longEW = E | name = Madaarka Caalamiga ah ee Cigaal | image = [[File:Hargeisa airport.jpg|thumb|right|300px]] | IATA = HGA | ICAO = HCMH | type = Dadweynaha | owner = Somaliland Civil Aviation Authority | operator = | city-served = [[Hargeysa]], [[Somaliland]] | elevation-f = | website = | latd = 09 | pushpin_map = Somaliland | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_mapsize = 180 | pushpin_map_caption = Garoonka halka uu Somaliland kaga yaal | r1-number = 06/24 | r1-length-m = 3,700 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://somalilandlive.com/articles/20216/SOMALILAND-President-Silanyo-Opens-Kuwaiti-Funded-Egal-Airport-Runway-Extension|title=SOMALILAND: President Silanyo Opens Kuwaiti-Funded Egal Airport Runway Extension|work=somalilandlive.com|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|access-date=2016-04-22|archive-date=2015-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530001653/http://somalilandlive.com/articles/20216/SOMALILAND-President-Silanyo-Opens-Kuwaiti-Funded-Egal-Airport-Runway-Extension|dead-url=yes}}</ref> }} https://mocaad.govsomaliland.org/article/egal-international-airport {{Wayback|url=https://mocaad.govsomaliland.org/article/egal-international-airport |date=20251011001624 }} [[File:Hargeisa airport.jpg|500px|thumb|Egal International {{Flag|Somaliland}} ]] {{Flag|Somaliland}} '''Madaarka Caalmiga ah ee Cigaal''' ({{lang-ar|مطار هرجيسا إيغال الدولية}}) waa garoonka diyaaradaha ku taal hawdka caasimada [[Somaliland|Jamhuuriyada Soomaliland]] ee [[Hargeysa]]. waa garoonka diyaaradaha ee magaalada Hargeysa, caasimadda Somaliland, caalamku wuxuu aqoonsan yahay Jamhuuriyad iskeed isku magacawday. waxay ka shaqeyneysay 56,000 oo rakaab iyo 2,300 ton oo xamuul ah oo isugu jira 1,750 oo dhul ah.<ref>{{Cite web|url=|title=|work=|date=}}</ref> [[File:VTBS-luggage_screening.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Gegida dayuuradaha ee Hargesia waxa uu leeyahay ammaan badan oo leh mashiinno ay ka mid yihiin sawir-qaadayaasha raajada oo dib loogu riixay jiidista garoonka]] ==Tiroka== * Macag '''Egal International''' * Tiroka '''1,348 m * shirkad leh '''Somaliland Civil Aviation Authority''' ==Taariikhda== Madaarka ayaa la furay 1954, Waxaana furay ciidamadii cirka ingiriiska (RAF), barnaamijka ballaarinta waxaa la bilaabay wax yar ka dib iyo 1958 baabuur, gawaarida iyo dhismaha terminaalka. Madaarka ayaa markaa dib loo casriyeynayey sannadkii 1980-maadkii maamulka Siyaad Barre si ay u qabtaan diyaarado waaweyn oo ay bixiyaan meelo badan oo duulimaadyo ah. <ref>{{Cite web|url=|title=|work=|date=}}</ref> Intii lagu jiray dhacdooyinkii hogaaminayay dagaalka sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, horraantii 1990-meeyadii, garoonka diyaaradaha ee garoonka ayaa si weyn u dhaawacmay. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xarunta ayaa si tartiib ah loo dayactiray dhowrkii sano ee u xigay. Madaarka ayaa markii dambe loo beddelay Cigaal ka dib markii uu dhintay Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal. oo ahaa Raiisal Wasaaraha Soomaaliya 1967-1969 intii lagu jiray midnimadii jamhuuruyadda somaaliyeeed, ka hor inta uusan noqonin madaxweynaha labaad ee Somaliland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=|title=|work=|date=}}</ref> Sannadkii 2012-kii, marin-haweedyada ayaa si ku-meel-gaar ah loo hakiyay iyada oo duulimaadkeedana lagu sameeyay dayactir wayn, oo ay maal-galisay madaxda Somaliland, Sanduuqa Kuwait iyo USAID. Xarunta ayaa markii dambe dib loo furay 17kii Agoosto 2013, iyada oo la sii ballaariyay terminaalka tagitaanka iyo terminaalka imaatinka, iyo sidoo kale shan dabeyleed oo cusub oo dabeylo ah. Xarunta kormeerka xogta dabaysha ee la rakibay ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geysan doonta kor u qaadista madaarka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=|title=|work=|date=}}</ref> ==Tirada Diyaaradaha Adeegsada== * {{Flag|Somaliland}} '''Somaliland Airlines national company''' * Fly Dubai {{Increase}} * Air Arabia{{Increase}} * Ethiopian Airlines {{increase}} * Jubba Airlines {{Increase}} * Daallo Airlines {{Increase}} ==Xarumaha== Bishii Juun 2014, Dawladda Somaliland iyo Hay'adda Maraykanka ee Horumarinta Caalamiga ah (USAID) ayaa bilaabay mashruuc tamarta dabaysha cusub ee garoonka diyaaradaha. Xarunta cusub ee tamarta dabaysha ayaa hoos imaanaysa Wasaaradda Tamarta iyo Khayraadka Macdanta, kaas oo maamuli doona shuraako dadweyne iyo ganacsi gaar ah oo kormeeraya hawlgallada maalinlaha ah. Hindisaha ayaa qayb ka ah Iskaashiga Horumarinta Dhaqaalaha ee Badan, oo ah barnaamij laba-sanno ah oo maal-galiyay $ 14 milyan oo kuyeelan dhinaca tamarta, xoolaha iyo beeraha Somaliland iyo horumarinta qaybaha gaarka loo leeyahay. Shuraakada iskaashigu waxay si gaar ah u tahay in la dhiso tiknoolojiyada tamarta dib loo cusbooneysiin karo, iyada oo xarunta cusub ee tamarta dabaysha la filayo in ay bixiso qiime wax ku ool ah oo ku habboon shidaalka naaftada Waxaa sidoo kale loo xilsaaray in ay awood u siiso labada garoon ee Hargeisa iyo beelaha ku hareeraysan. ==Garoono Kale Somaliland== Gobolka [[Geeska Afrika]] waxaa ku yaala tiro badan oo gegooyin diyaaradeed ah; kuwaasi waxaa ka mid ah [[Garoonada Somaliland|Garoonada waawayn]] ee [[Somaliland]]. * [[Garoonka Berbara|Berbera]] * [[Garoonka Cigaal|Hargaysa]] * [[Garoonka Boorama|Boorama]] * [[Garoonka Burco|Burco]] * [[Garoonka Laascaanood|Laascaanood]] * [[Garoonka Ceerigaabo|Ceerigaabo]] * [[Garoonka Taleex|Taleex]] ==Shirkad cusub somaliland Airlines== Somaliland airline oo la sameeyay 2025 maadaama ay Somaliland tahay gobol madax banaan oo u qorshaysan shirkad weyn oo diyaaradeed , diyaarada Somaliland waxay xarunteedu noqon lahayd Hargeysa oo ah caasimada Somaliland, Somaliland airline waxay qorshaysaa inay diyaarado soo iibsato iyada oo aqoonsigeedu soo dhawaado. == Xigasho == {{Portal|Soomaaliland}} {{reflist}} {{Gumud}} {{Garoonada somaliland}} [[Category:Garoonada Somaliland|Cigaal]] [[Category:Hargeysa]] olcv6g9j6u9sux2rl75jg2octgeo9my 0 32422 305490 295276 2026-08-18T03:26:39Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305490 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dagaalka Russka-Ukraine 2014]] [[File:War_in_donbass.svg|thumb|right|400px|Ciidamada Ruushka ee ku sugan Crimea]] [[File:2014-03-09_-_Perevalne_military_base_-_0203.JPG|thumb|right|400px|]] [[File:2014-12-20._Праздник_солидарности_054.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Doorashaha yukraine dagaalki 2014-20//]] [[File:Курсанти Харківського університету Повітряних сил імені Івана Кожедуба під час занять (27252076546).jpg|thumb|right|400px|Askarta Ukraine]] [[File:1 ВЕЛИКА ГОЛОВНА DSC 2455.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Askarta Ukraine]] * [[2014]] - '''Maya Daman''' {{Flag|Ukraine}} {{Flag|Russia}} *Dilka Russika '''4000+''' kofkinka *Dilka Yukraine '''5000+''' kofkinka * Russika Baadca marcabka sugis Ukraine Xaaladda Dagaal ee [[Yukrayn]] ee dagaalka, dhulalkii Crimera iyo dagaalkii ka dhacay gobollada ukraine ee ciidammada ruushka ee xuduudaha waddanka ukraine, dacaayadaha bixinta gaaska iyo maalgalinta iyo dalalkii hore oo mid ah, xiisadda xuduudaha dhulka ee [[Ukraine]] iyo meelaha koonfurta ukriane u dhow gobolka [[Badda Madow|badda madow]], [[ruushka]] gaas balaaran iyo ukraine iyo lacag bixinta, ukraine waxay leedahay xulafooyin badan oo reer galbeed ah iyo doodo ku saabsan dhulka iyo khilaafaadka gobolada iyo maalgashiga ukriane, xubin ka tirsan ruushka xubin ka ah P5 Nations, iyo midowgii hore ee Soviet. kororka maraakiibta badda iyo ciidamada ku sugan gobollada xudduudaha ee Ukraine ayaa sabab u ah qulqulka siyaasadeed ee Yurub ee suurtagalka ah duulaanka bariga Ukraine * [https://www.jw.org/en/news/releases/by-region/ukraine/jehovahs-witnesses-ukraine-crimea-report/ Report on Witnesses in Ukraine and Crimea] ** [[Dagaalki Russia /Ukraine 2022]] == Documentary == * Baaritaan uu sameeyay siyaasiga dimuqraadiga ah ee Ruushka Alexei Navalny <ref>[https://navalny.com/p/6579/ Патриот за деньги. «Русский мир» в обмен на Эмираты]</ref> * Anatomy ee Putinism (2023) <ref>[https://blog.poltava.to/pustovgar/17788/ Анатомія рашизму | Документальний цикл «Остання війна»]</ref> ==warka== * https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220224_12/ * https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220224_32/ *https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/feb/22/ukraine-russia-latest-live-news-updates-crisis-putin-biden-zelenskiy-kyiv-kiev-russian-invasion-border-threat * https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-01-26/russia-deploys-warships-to-black-sea-in-dangerous-escalation-near-ukraine * https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-60177929 * https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/01/28/ukrainian-americans-anxiously-watch-russias-threat-their-homeland/9215316002/ * https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/28/threat-of-russian-invasion-would-be-dire-for-millions-amnesty * https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-11/u-s-warns-europe-that-russian-troops-may-plan-ukraine-invasion * https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-invasion-us-eu-b1956158.html * https://www.rt.com/russia/521285-conflict-nuclear-holocaust-gabbard/ * https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/04/11/world/ukraine-war-russia-troops/ * https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2021/04/20/us-warns-airlines-on-flights-near-ukraine-russian-border * https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/04/17/russia-ukraine-expel-diplomats-as-tensions-soar-a73632 * https://www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-east-ukraine-fighting-2017-story.html *https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/news-analysis/developments-on-the-moscow-ankara-line-and-the-ukraine-crisis * https://www.dw.com/en/is-russia-about-to-launch-a-fresh-offensive-in-eastern-ukraine/a-57127207 *https://www.intellinews.com/explosion-tears-through-ukrainian-gas-pipeline-199974/?source=cee-energy-newswatch *https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2021/04/17/reigniting-the-civil-war-in-donbas-reminiscence-of-the-crimean-annexation/ {{Wayback|url=https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2021/04/17/reigniting-the-civil-war-in-donbas-reminiscence-of-the-crimean-annexation/ |date=20210420190800 }} ==Sido Kale fiiri== * [[Yukrayn]] * [[Russia]] * [[Yurub-Aasiya Degaanka tectonic]] 2yk3xhate7zwzmtaa3unf6bcsd15ugm 0 32751 305496 298816 2026-08-18T04:40:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Door County, Wisconsin |official_name = |settlement_type = County |nickname = |image_skyline = DoorCountyWisconsinCourthouse.jpg |imagesize = 234px |image_caption = Xarunta Dowladda ee Door County ee ku taal Sturgeon Bay |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Map_of_Wisconsin_highlighting_Door_County.svg |mapsize = 234px |map_caption = Door County ee Wisconsin |image_map1 = Wisconsin_in_United_States.svg |mapsize1 = 234px |map_caption1 = Wisconsin ee Mareykanka |pushpin_map = |pushpin_map_caption = |coordinates_display = |coordinates_region = |subdivision_type = |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_name2 = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = |established_date = 1851 <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = 2370 |area_land_sq_mi = 482 |area_water_sq_mi = 1888 |area_water_percent = 80 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = |population_est = 2019 |pop_est_as_of = |pop_est_footnotes = |population_footnotes = |population_total = 27785 |population_rank = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_demonym = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = Area code 920 |timezone = [[Wakhti|CST]] |utc_offset = −06:00 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = −05:00 |latd= |latm= |lat |longd= |longm= |long |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = [http://www.co.door.wi.gov Bogga rasmiga ah ee dowladda] |footnotes = }} '''Door County''' waa degmada ugu fog bariga gobolka Wisconsin ee [[Gobolada Isku Tegay ee Ameerika|Mareykanka]] . Laga soo bilaabo tirakoobkii 2010, tirada dadka ku nool gobolka waxay ahaayeen 27,785.<ref name="QF">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606145801/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55/55029.html State & County QuickFacts], ''United States Census Bureau''</ref> Kursiga degmadu waa Sturgeon Bay, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah saddexda [[degmo]] ee Wisconsin ee harada Lake Michigan inaysan yeelan kursi degmo oo isku magac ah. <ref name="GR6">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx Find a County], ''National Association of Counties''</ref> Taabadalkeed waxaa loogu magac daray marinka cidhiidhka ah ee u dhexeeya Jasiiradda Door peninsula iyo jasiirada Washington. Marinka halista ah, ee loo yaqaan Albaabka Dhimashada, waxaa ku jira maraakiib burburay wuxuuna caan ku ahaa dadkii [[Hindida Cas|asalka maraykanka ahaa]] iyo sahamiyayaashii hore ee Faransiiska Gobolka waxaa la sameeyay 1851 waxaana la abaabulay 1861. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200214002752/https://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/WI_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm Wisconsin Atlas of Historical County Boundaries], ''The Newberry Library''</ref> Degmada Door waa meel caan ah oo loo dalxiis tago. == Taariikhda == === Dhaladka Mareykanka iyo Faransiiska === ==== Halyeeygii Porte des Morts ==== Magaca Door County wuxuu ka yimid Porte des Morts oo macnaheedu yahay ("Albaabka Geerida"), waana marinka udhaxeeya jasiirada Door Peninsula iyo jasiirada Washington Island. <ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States], waxaa qoray Henry Gannett, 1905, U.S. Government Printing Office</ref> Magaca "Albaabka Dhimashada" wuxuu ka yimid sheekooyinka dadkii asalka Mareykanka ahaa, oo ay maqleen sahamiyayaashii hore ee Faransiiska waxaana loo daabacay qaab aad loo qurxiyay oo uu daabacay Hjalmar Holand, kaasoo ku tilmaamay duulaan fashilmay oo ay soo qaadeen qabiilka Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) si ay uga qabsadaan Jasiiradda Washington island qabiilka la tartamaya ee Pottawatomi. horaantii 1600. Waxay la xiriirtay markabkii ku burburay marinka dhexdiisa . <ref>Kohl, Cris & Joan Forsberg, ''Shipwrecks at Death's Door'', bogga 10.</ref> === Deegaamayn iyo horumar === ==== Deegaamayntii qarnigii 19aad-20aad ==== [[File:The_Pioneer_Cemetery_at_Peninsula_State_Park..jpg|thumb|Qabrigii Increase Claflin iyo qoyskiisi.]] Qarniyadii 19aad iyo 20aad waxay arkeen socdaalka iyo deegamaysigii hormoodka, badmareenada, kalluumeysatada, dhir jarista, iyo beeraleyda. Qofkii ugu horreeyay ee deeganka daga ee caddaanna wuxuu ahaa Increase Claflin. <ref>''[http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm/ref/collection/wch/id/33982 History of Door County Wisconsin, The County Beautiful]'' waxaa qoray Hjalmar Holand, Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1917, bogga 77.</ref> Sannadkii 1851, Degmada Door waxaa laga soocay wixii ka jiray Brown County. <ref name="2030 plan">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> 1853, Moravians waxay aasaaseen Efrayim inay yihiin beel diimeed ka dib markii Nils Otto Tank uu is hortaagay isku daygii iyo dib u habeynta lahaanshaha dhulka ee gumeysigii hore ee diimeedka ee u dhowaa Green Bay. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=lxCLAFUu2RoC&pg=PA21 Inventory of the Church Archives of Wisconsin: Moravian Church], waxaa qoray Historical Records Survey, Division of Women's and Professional Projects, Works Progress Administration, 1938, bogga 21 iyo [http://history.rays-place.com/wi/door-ephraim.htm History of Ephraim, Door County, Wisconsin]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Saddexaad 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} waxaa qoray Hjalmar R. Holand, 1917</ref> Bulshada Mareykan-Madowga ah iyo jameekaan ku cibaadeysanaya West Harbor oo ku taal Jasiiradda Washington ayaa lagu sheegay 1854. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070202071808/http://www.bleidoorcountytimes.com/blogpage.asp?blogPageId=4 On Islands, Lighthouses, & The Keeper of the Light on Pilot Island: Martin Nicolai Knudsen; "A Gleam Across the Wave"], ''Norman Blei Door County Times'', Diisambar 20, 2006 (archived from the original)''</ref> Sidoo kale sanadkii 1854 xafiiskii boosto ee ugu horreeyay gobolka ayaa laga furay, Jasiiradda Washington. <ref>''[https://dokumen.pub/going-for-the-mail-a-history-of-door-county-post-offices-0964149931.html Going For The Mail: A History Of Door County Post Offices]'' waxaa qoray James B. Hale, Brown County Historical Society: Green Bay, WI. 1996. Full text on dokumen.pub</ref> Sanadkii 1855, afar qof oo Irish ah ayaa si kama 'ah uga tagtay doontii ay saaraayeen, taasoo horseeday dejinta iyo deegamaynta meesha hadda loo yaqaan Forestville. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054804/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Village%20of%20Forestville%20Comp%20Plan%202009.pdf Village of Forestville Comprehensive Plan], Sebtember 11th, 2009, bogagga 14–16 ee dukumintiga</ref> Qarnigii 19aad, soogalooti baaxad weyn oo ka socda Walloons-ka [[Beljim|Beljamka]] ayaa soo degay gobol yar oo ku yaal qaybta koonfureed ee gobolka,<ref name="Soucek 2011">[https://books.google.com/books?id=dPl-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT11 Door County Tales: Shipwrecks, Cherries and Goats on the Roof] waxaa qoray G. Soucek, 2011</ref> oo ay ku jirto aagga loo qoondeeyey inay tahay Degmada Taariikheed ee Namur. Waxay dhiseen votive chapels, qaarkoodna ilaa maanta la isticmaalo, <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/small-sacred-spaces-preserved/ Southern Door County's Belgian Wayside Chapels] waxaa qoray ''Door County Living'', May 1, 2009, [https://www.doorcounty.com/experience/worship/belgian-chapels/ Where to Find Belgian Chapels in Door County] {{Wayback|url=https://www.doorcounty.com/experience/worship/belgian-chapels/ |date=20210624200700 }}, ''Door County Visitor Bureau'' iyo [https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?msa=0&hl=en&ie=UTF8&t=p&ll=44.7283540095412%2C-87.50432131385733&spn=0.341371%2C0.583649&z=10&source=embed&mid=12Ose-DUL7MCyf8vnE4rKSBZspG0 Wisconsin Belgian Roadside Chapels] in Google Maps</ref> waxayna dhaqammo kale ka keeneen Yurub sida xafladda iida harvest festival ee Kermiss. <ref>Holand, Hjalmar Rued, Wisconsin's Belgian community: an account of the early events in the Belgian settlement in northeastern Wisconsin with particular reference to the Belgians in Door County, [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/USAIN/BelgComm/reference/wi.belgcomm.i0013.pdf Chapter VII Belgian Characteristics and Customs], bogga 82 ff, 1933. See also the [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI.BelgComm Table of Contents] for the entire book.</ref> Markii la meel mariyay Homestead Act of 1862 (Sharciga Guryaha ee 1862), dadku waxay iibsan karayeen 80 hektar oo dhul ah $18 oo keliya haddii ay degaan dhulka, hagaajiyaan, oo ay beeraha beertaan muddo shan sano ah. Tani waxay ka dhigtay degitaanka degmada Door mid la awoodi karo. Markii [[Dab|dabkii]] Peshtigo ee 1871 uu gubay magaalada Williamsonville, lixdan qof ayaa ku dhintay. Aagga ay masiibadani hadda ka dhacday waa Tornado Memorial County Park, oo loogu magac daray dab-damiskii kaas oo halkaas ka dhacay. <ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://images.library.wisc.edu/WI/EFacs/transactions/WT1990/reference/wi.wt1990.jmmoran.pdf Tornadoes of Fire at Williamsonville, Wisconsin, Oktoobar 8, 1871] waxaa qoray Joseph M. Moran iyo E. Lee Somerville, 1990, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 31 bogagga</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/fire-took-williamsonville/ The Fire That Took Williamsonville], waxaa qoray Justin Skiba, ''Door County Living'' Sebtember 2, 2016 </ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055040/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/Tornado.pdf Tornado Memorial Park] kiosk historical notes, also see [http://archaeolab.anthro.uwm.edu/WIS_57_Project/WIS_57_Public_Interpretation/WIS_57_Documents/Summary_Handout_(Version_3).pdf bogga 19] {{Wayback|url=http://archaeolab.anthro.uwm.edu/WIS_57_Project/WIS_57_Public_Interpretation/WIS_57_Documents/Summary_Handout_(Version_3).pdf |date=20210624200537 }} ee County C Park and Ride lot panel draft pdf</ref> Isku soo wada duuboo, 128 qof oo ka tirsan gobolka ayaa ku halaagmay oo ku nafwaayey dabkii Peshtigo. <ref name="2030 plan2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> Dabkii iyo masiibadii ka dib, qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka ayaa go'aansaday inay isticmaalaan leben halkii ay ka isticmaali lahaayeen alwaax. <ref>[https://dc.uwm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1191&context=etd Brick by Brick: A Comparative pXRF Analysis of Brickworks and Structures in the Belgian-American Community ee Door Peninsula] waxaa qoray Lisa Marie Zimmerman, unpublished M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 2013 iyo [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89065971202&view=1up&seq=169 Old World Wisconsin: around Europe in the Badger State] waxaa qoray Fred L. Holmes. E. M. Hale and Company, 1944, bogga 163 (169 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1885 ama 1886, waxaa laga aasaasay waxa hadda loo yaqaan Saldhigga Ilaalada Xeebaha ee Sturgeon Bay. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055046/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Transportation_Profile_DRAFT.pdf II. Transportation Profile Draft], waxaa qoray the Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030 Transportation Advisory Workgroup, bogga 5 ee pdf</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080925200639/http://uscg.mil/history/stations/STURGEONBAYCANAL.pdf Station Sturgeon Bay Canal, Wisconsin], ''United States Coast Guard History Program'', United States Coast Guard</ref> Saldhigga yar ee xilliyada-qaar furan ee Jasiiradda Washington isna waxaa la aasaasay 1902. <ref name="WashingtonIsland">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025025700/http://www.uscg.mil/d9/sectlakemichigan/STAWashingtonIslandUO.pdf USCG Station Washington Island], United States Coast Guard</ref> Markii muddada deegaamayntu socotey, Dhaladka Mareykanka waxay ahayeen dad laga tiro badanyahay oo ku nool jasiirada Door County . Tirakoobkii sanadkii 1890-kii wuxuu sheegay 22 Hindi ah oo ku nool Degmada jasiirada Door. Iyagu way is taageereen, waxay ku xirnaayeen canshuur, mana helin raashin. <ref>[https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v10-30.pdf Total Indian Population as of Juun 1, 1890] ''Bureau of the Census'', bogga 1 ee pdf.</ref> Markii la gaadhay tirakoobkii sanadkii 1910-kii tiradoodu waxay hoos ugu dhacday ilaa sagaal qof. <ref>Table 7. Indians, Chinese, and Japanese, For Counties and For Cities of 25,000 or More: 1920, 1920, and 1900. [https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/06229686v44-49ch5.pdf Fourteenth Census of the United States: State Compendium: Wisconsin] ''Bureau of the Census'', 1925, bogga 33 (bogga 35 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1894-kii ayaa Ahnapee iyo Western Railway lagu soo kordhiyay Sturgeon Bay. Sannadkii 1969-kii, tareen ayaa woqooyiga Algoma kasoo gali jiray gobolka markii ugu dambaysay, <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-ahnapee-western-railway/ The Rise and Fall of the Ahnapee & Western Railway] waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr. iyo Patty Williamson, ''Door County Living'' Nofeembar 15, 2011</ref> in kastoo tareenno dheeri ah oo koonfurta ka yimaada ay ka shaqayn jireen ilaa iyo sanadkii 1986 <ref name="Mailer">''Green Bay & Western The First 111 Years'' waxaa qoray Mailer, Stan, Hundman Publishing, 1989</ref> ==== Dalxiis-yadii Hore ==== [[File:Excursion party on Sailor Boy.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Laga soo qaatay kaarka boostada lagu calaamadeeyay [[1906]] ee Sturgeon Bay]] [[File:Cedar_Glen,_one_of_themany_free_tourists%27_camp_sites_in_Peninsula_State_Park,_Door_County,..._(NBY_562).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Kaadh boosta [[1924]]]] [[File:Children enjoy picking cherries in Door County orchards.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Laga soo bilaabo buug-yaraha xayaysiinta ee sanadkii [[1914]]-kii, cinwaan ayaa loo tarjumay "Carruurtu waxay ku raaxaystaan ​​inay soo goostaan ​​canabka beeraha ee Degmada Door"]] Laga soo bilaabo sanadkii [[1865]]-kii illaa sanadkii [[1870]]-kii, seddex hudheel dalxiis ayaa laga dhisay gudaha iyo hareeraha Sturgeon Bay iyo mid kale oo ku yaal Fish Creek. Hal meel oo dalxiis oo weyn ayaa laga aasaasay sanadkaa [[1870]], iyadoo qiimaheedu ahaa $7.50 asbuucii (oo u dhiganta $150 sanadka [[2020]]). In kasta oo qiimaha ay ku jirto saddex cunto oo maalinle ah, haddana lacag dheeri ah ayaa lagu soo rogay oo ah kireynta fardaha, oo sidoo kale laga heli karo bajaajleyda iyo wadayaasha baabuurta. <ref>[https://www.worldcat.org/title/door-county-wisconsins-peninsular-jewel/oclc/767578020 Door County Wisconsin's Peninsular Jewel] waxaa qoray Bruce Thomas, [[1993]], bogagga 33–34, iyo 41, also see the inflation calculator from [https://www.measuringworth.com/dollarvaluetoday/?amount=145001890&from=1870 measuringworth.com] {{Wayback|url=https://www.measuringworth.com/dollarvaluetoday/?amount=145001890&from=1870 |date=20210624202745 }}</ref> Ka sokow joogitaanka hudheelada, dalxiisayaashu waxay kaloo degi jireen guryo gaar loo leeyahay. Dalxiisayaashu waxay booqan jireen qaybta woqooyi ee gobolka iyagoo raaca markabo yaryar oo rakaaba kuwaaso loo yaqaan 'Great Lakes', mararka qaarna waxay qayb ka yihiin harada dalxiis ee ay ku jiraan muusikada iyo madadaalada. <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071189941&view=1up&seq=5 Ships and Shipwrecks in Door County, Wisconsin, Volume 2] waxaa qoray Arthur C. iyo Lucy F. Frederickson, Frankfort, Michigan, [[1963]], bogga 3 (bogga 5 ee pdf)</ref> Gaaritaanka jasiiradda peninsula marka laga soo tago Chicago waxay qaadanjirtey saddex maalmood. Hawada ku hareeraysan bulshooyinka beeralayda ayaa ahayd mid fiican oo aan lahayn kulayl iyo wasakh maxaa yeelay dalagyada miraha ayaa si tartiib ah ugu bislaan jirey cimilada qabow waxaana la goosan jiray miraha dabayaaqada sanadka. Tani waxay ka hor tagtay xilliyadii dambe ee dalaga la goosan jirey. Tani waxay si gaar ah u soo jiidatay dadka qaba cudurka sanboorka ee magaalada ku noola. <ref name="Hart2">Hart, John Fraser. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/214100 Resort Areas in Wisconsin]. ''Geographical Review 74''(2) [[1984]], bogagga 206, 207, iyo 198–200 iyo [https://archive.org/stream/americanbeejourn411901hami/#page/597/mode/1up A Bee-keeper's Vacation Spent in Wisconsin] waxaa qoray C. F. Dadant, Sebtember 19, [[1901]] in ''American Bee Journal 41''(38): Chicago, bogga 957</ref> Wadooyinka waaweyn ee la hagaajiyay ee dhagaxa laga jajabiyey waxay fududeeyeen dalxiisyadii gawaarida horaantii sanadkii1900. <ref name="2030 plan3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113054549/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/2035-Update/Chapter%203%20Historical%20and%20Cultural%20Resources.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030. Chapter 3 – Historical and Cultural Resources. Volume II, Resource Report.], Table 3.1: Timeline of Historic Events in Door County, bogagga 19–20 (bogagga 4–5 ee pdf)</ref> taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii 1909 ugu yaraan 1,000 dalxiisayaal ah ayaa soo booqan jirey sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t7br8sm8w&view=1up&seq=47 State parks for Wisconsin. Report of John Nolen, Landscape Architect, With Letter of Transmittal by State Park Board], waxaa qoray John Nolen, 1909, bogga 31 (bogga 47 ee pdf)</ref> Sanadkii 1938 Jens Jensen wuxuu ka digay saamaynta dhaqan xumo ee dalxiisayaasha imanaya. Wuxuu qoray, "Degmada Door si tartiib tartiib ah ayay u burburiyeen nacasyada lacagta wata. Ganacsigan dalxiisku wuxuu burburinayaa dhaqankii yaraa ee jiray. " <ref>quotation taken from the Green Bay Press Gazette, Juun 15, 1938 on bogga 194 of ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rU-KxYpaM8C&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=%22Door+County+is+slowly+being+ruined+by+the+stupid+money+crazed+fools.+This+tourist+business+is+destroying+the+little+bit+of+culture+that+was%22&source=bl&ots=V-ABxYH-kU&sig=ACfU3U0CEeGR5CDXZrbAKxG747cPVRRtqA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHjpmjoMDmAhVXBc0KHT79CgAQ6AEwAHoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Door%20County%20is%20slowly%20being%20ruined%20by%20the%20stupid%20money%20crazed%20fools.%20This%20tourist%20business%20is%20destroying%20the%20little%20bit%20of%20culture%20that%20was%22&f=false Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park]'' waxaa qoray William H. Tishler, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2006</ref> ==== Xoojinta Beeraha ==== Sannadkii 1865, hawlgalkii ugu horreeyay ee miro ganacsi ayaa la aasaasay markii canab lagu beeray mid ka mid ah Jasiiradaha Strawberry. taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii1895, waxaa la aasaasay xanaanada dhirta miraha waaweyn oo midho-dhalinta khudradda si xoog leh loo dallacsiiyay. Maaha beeraleyda oo keliya laakiin xitaa ragga "magaalada lagu soocay" waxaa lagu booriyay inay u tixgeliyaan beerashada miraha sida shaqada oo kale. Midkii ugu horreeyay ee iskaashatooyin ah kuwaaso suuq geyn u leh miro badan ayaa la bilaabay 1897. Marka lagu daro geedaha ay maamulaan shirkaduhu, 1910 shirkaddii ugu horreysay waxaa loo aasaasay inay beerto oo iibiso geedo hore loo aasaasay. In kasta oo geedaha tufaaxu ka horreeyeen geedaha canabka, haddana sanadkii 1913 waxaa la soo sheegay in canabku uu dhaafay tufaaxa. <ref name="Cain">[https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005752947 The Development of Apple Horticulture in Wisconsin, 1850s-1950s: Case Studies of Bayfield, Crawford, and Door Counties], Chapter 4, Door County Apple Horticulture waxaa qoray Cain, Cortney, M.A. thesis, UW-Madison, May 2006</ref> ==== Canabka, ilaha shaqada dalagga ==== Haweenka iyo carruurta ayaa sida caadiga ah loo shaqaaleeyay inay soo guraan miraha , laakiin shaqada la hayo ayaa ka sarreysa sahayda shaqaalaha. taariikhdu Markay ahayd sanadkii 1918, way adkeyd in la helo caawimaad ku filan si loo soo qaado dalagyada miraha, sidaa darteed shaqaalaha waxaa keenay YMCA iyo Boy Scouts of America. Soo qaadista canabka waxaa loo suuq geyn jiray sidii nashaadaad xagaaga ah oo wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay wiilasha dhalinyarada ah si loogu celiyo qolka, guddiga, iyo howlaha madadaalada. Hal beerood ayaa ciyaartoy ka kirestay Green Bay Packers iyagoo ah la taliyayaasha kaamka. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, xubno ka socda Oneida Nation ee Wisconsin iyo qabiilooyinka kale ee asalka ah ayaa loo shaqaaleeyay inay soo qaadaan miraha canabka. <ref>[https://minds.wisconsin.edu/bitstream/handle/1793/68290/Bankston%20Jarocki%20Miller.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Geography of Apple Orchards in Wisconsin: Examining the Core of Cultivation]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Lixaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} waxaa qoray Kody Bankston, Morgan Jarocki, iyo Adrienne Miller, unpublished student paper, UW-Madison, 2012</ref> <ref>[https://wi101.wisc.edu/2017/07/01/migrant-labor-and-door-county-cherries/ Migrant Labor and Door County Cherries] {{Wayback|url=https://wi101.wisc.edu/2017/07/01/migrant-labor-and-door-county-cherries/ |date=20220223190334 }} waxaa qoray Emily Irwin, Luulyo 1, 2017</ref> Mushaharkooda ka sokow, qoysaska Dhaladka Mareykanka ah waxaa la siiyay miro u bisil suuqgaynta, oo ay keydiyeen una keydsadeen adeegsiga muddada dheer. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9fHADAAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 Good Seeds: A Menominee Indian Food Memoir] waxaa qoray Thomas Pecore Weso, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2016, bogga 29</ref> Xero lagu ilaaliyo dadka rayidka ah ayaa laga sameeyay [[Peninsula State Park]] intii lagu jiray Murugada Weyn. Xilligii xagaaga ee sanadkii 1945, Fish Creek waxay ahayd goob xero POW ah oo hoos tagta xero ku taal Fort Sheridan, Illinois. <ref>Mariah Goode. "[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-harvest-of-1945/ The Harvest of 1945: German POW Camps Filled Door County's Labor Shortage]". ''Door County Pulse'', Luulyo 1, 2005.</ref> <ref>cheyenne Lentz. "[https://www.wpr.org/story-wisconsins-german-pows-piece-hidden-history-author-says Story Of Wisconsin's German POWs Is A Piece Of Hidden History, Author Says]". ''Wisconsin Public Radio'', Juun 23, 2015.</ref> <ref>Damien Jaques. "[https://onmilwaukee.com/myOMC/authors/damienjaques/vicfarm12.html Cherry picking with German POWs in Door County]". ''On Milwaukee'', Luulyo 9, 2012.</ref> [[Jarmalka|Maxaabiista Jarmalka]] ah waxay ku mashquulsanaayeen mashaariic dhismo, qoryo ayey dhisi jareen, waxayna soo gurteen canabka Jasiiradda Peninsula State Park iyo nawaaxigeeda. <ref name="Tishler 2006">[https://books.google.com/books?id=9rU-KxYpaM8C&pg=PA154 Door County's Emerald Treasure: A History of Peninsula State Park], Tishler, W.H., University of Wisconsin Press, 2006</ref> Intii lagu gudajiray shaqo joojin kooban, POWs ayaa diiday inay shaqeeyaan. Jawaabta ayay ilaalayaashu dejiyeen siyaasad "shaqo majiro, waxna ha cunin" waxayna ku noqdeen shaqadoodii, iyaga oo ka guraya 11 baal maalin walba ugu dambayntiina isku darka waxay gaarayaan 508,020 pails. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=zD-kby0LiuEC&pg=PA240 Stalag Wisconsin: Inside WW II Prisoner-of-war Camps], waxaa qoray Betty Cowley, Oregon, Wisconsin: Badger Books, 2002, Section on Camp Sturgeon Bay 1945, bogagga 240 iyo 243</ref> Adeegga Shaqaalaynta ee Gobolka Wisconsin wuxuu xafiis ka sameeyay degmada Door sanadkii 1949 si uu u goro [[Texas|Tejanos]] si uu u soo qaado miraha canabka. Shaqadu waxay ahayd mid aan la saadaalin karin, maadaama goosashada miraha canabku ay liidatay sanadaha qaarkood shaqaaluhuna lagu siin jiray qadarka ay soo saareen. Sannadkii 1951, Waaxda Daryeelka Dadweynaha ee Wisconsin waxay samaysay daraasad lagu diiwaan gelinayo isku dhaca u dhexeeya shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta ah iyo dalxiisayaasha, kuwaas oo ka xumaaday joogitaanka qoysaska muhaajiriinta ah ee aagagga fasaxa dadweynaha. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=VXg3DwAAQBAJ Mexicans in Wisconsin] waxaa qoray Sergio González, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2017</ref> Liiska talooyinka ayaa loo diyaariyey si loo hagaajiyo xiriirka jinsiyadaha. <ref>The list is found on bogagga 51 ff of [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89096552690&view=1up&seq=51 Migrant agricultural workers in Door County] waxaa qoray Division for Children and Youth, State Department of Public Welfare, Wisconsin, 1951</ref> Shaqaalaynta muhaajiriinta ayaa sii socota ilaa maanta. Sannadkii 2013, waxaa gobolka ka jiray saddex xero shaqo oo muhaajiriin ah, oo ay ku noolyihiin wadar ahaan 57 xoogsato iyo xoogsade ka shaqeeya iyo shan qof oo aan shaqaale ahayn. <ref>[https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101914-093218/unrestricted/Farm_Labor__IQP_Report.pdf Developing Strategies to Improve Farm Labor Camp Housing Policy in Massachusetts] {{Wayback|url=https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-101914-093218/unrestricted/Farm_Labor__IQP_Report.pdf |date=20210721041341 }}, waxaa qoray Daniel MacVeigh-Fierro Samantha Ricci Damani Walder, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Boston Project Center B.S. Interactive Qualifying Project, bogga 65 (bogga 79 ee pdf)</ref> ==== Dhacdooyinkii qarnigii 20 –aad-21aad ==== Sannadkii 1905, ''Lilly Amiot'' wuxuu ku sugnaa Ellison Bay waxana uu saarnaa xamuul siday shidaal markii uu dab qabsaday. Ka dib markii la gooyay dabacsan, wuu rogmaday ilaa uu ka qarxayey; qaraxa waxaa laga maqlay meel 15 mayl u jirta goobta. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4CBCcye0n6IC&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41 Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan] waxaa qoray Benjamin J. Shelak, Black Earth, Wisconsin: Trails Books, 2003, bogga 41</ref> Sannadkii 1912, duuliye diyaaradeed Lincoln Beachey ayaa soo bandhigay biplanekiisa intii lagu gudo jiray carwadii degmada; tan waxaa la rumeysan yahay inay tahay duullimaadkii ugu horreeyay ee ku dega gobolka. <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055650/http://map.co.door.wi.us/airport/They%20Wanted%20Wings-History%20of%20Door%20County%20Aviation.pdf They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation]'' waxaa qoray John Enigl iyo Wallace "Bud" Felhofer, 2001, bogga 5 (bogga 11 ee pdf)</ref> Sannadkii 1913, ''The Old Rugged Cross'' waxaa markii ugu horraysay ee laga heesay Kaniisadda loo yaqaan Saaxiibbada ee ku taal Sturgeon Bay iyada oo ay wada socdaan laba daaci oo socdaal ah. <ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FjBdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 Hidden History of Sturgeon Bay]''by Heidi Hodges and Kathy Steebs, Charleston, North Carolina: The History Press, 2018, bogga 113</ref> Sannadkii 1919-kii, tartankii ugu horreeyay ee loo yaqaan 'Hydro-Navy hydrogen balloon' waxaa ku guuleystay koox ciidan ah oo buufinkoodu ku dhacday marinka Albaabka Dhimashada. Laba askari ayaa u adkeystay mowjado 10-cag ah saacad ka hor inta aanu badbaadin nin kalluumeysato ah. <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055650/http://map.co.door.wi.us/airport/They%20Wanted%20Wings-History%20of%20Door%20County%20Aviation.pdf They Wanted Wings: A History of Door County Aviation]'' waxaa qoray John Enigl and Wallace "Bud" Felhofer, 2001, bogga 13 (bogga 19 ee pdf) and [https://books.google.com/books?id=XHvCTAFtLIsC&pg=RA1-PA33&dq=%22First+Army-Navy+Balloon+Race%22&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHzb7i997mAhVJZc0KHa9lBCQQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=%22First%20Army-Navy%20Balloon%20Race%22&f=false U.S. Air Services, Volumes 2–4], bogga 33</ref> Sannadkii 1925-kii, lo ku nool Horseshoe Bay oo la yiraahdo Aurora Homestead Badger ayaa soo saartay 30,000 oo rodol oo caano ah, xilligaas oo taasi noqotay rikoor caalami ah oo lo'da caanaha laga helo ah. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/horseshoe-bay-farms/ Horseshoe Bay Farms Still Stands Tall] waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr., ''Door County Living'' May 1, 2013</ref> Bishii Juun ee sanadkiii1938, sawirro hawada laga qaaday ayaa laga qaaday gobolka oo dhan; sanadkii 2011 sawirada waxaa lasoo geliyay internetka. <ref>They are available from the [https://maps.sco.wisc.edu/WHAIFinder/#9/44.9162/-87.5226 WHAIFinder] application, for reference see [https://www.sco.wisc.edu/2011/02/23/wisconsin-historic-aerial-photographs-now-available-online/ Wisconsin historic aerial photographs now available online] waxaa qoray Howard Veregin, ''Wisconsin Geospatial News'', Febraayo 23, 2011</ref> 1941, Dugsiga Xirfadaha ee Sturgeon Bay ayaa la furay. Hadda waa xerada Sturgeon Bay ee Northeast Wisconsin Technical College. Bishii Diseembar ee sanadkii1959, ''Bridgebuilder X'' ayaa la waayey ka dib markii uu ka tegey xero markab oo ku taal Sturgeon Bay halkaas oo lagu hagaajiyey. Meelaha loogu tala galay in la tago waxay ahaayeen Northport iyo South Fox Island. Waxyaabaha suurtagalka ah waxaa ka mid ahaa la'aanta ballastiis iyo horumar lama filaan ah oo hirarka 11-cagood ah. Mid ka mid ah labada shaqaale ayaa meydkiisa la helay xagaagii xigay. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200207065910/https://upnorthlive.com/news/neighborhood/more-mysteries-in-the-great-lakes More Mysteries in the Great Lakes] (Archived Febraayo 7, 2020) waxaa qoray Meghan Morelli, ''WPBN-TV'', Diisambar 14, 2012, also see [https://web.archive.org/web/20191123101947/https://michiganmysteries.com/missing-ships/1959-bridgebuilder-x/ 1959 Bridgebuilder X] (Archived Nofeembar 23, 2019) waxaa qoray Ross Richardson, ''Michigan Mysteries''</ref> Sannadkii 2004, degmadu waxay billowday [[Magaalada mataano|xiriir magaalooyin walaasheed]] la leh Jingdezhen oo ku yaal koonfur-bari [[Shiinaha]]. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/door-county-and-jingdezhen-china/ Door County and Jingdezhen, China: Sister Cities] waxaa qoray ''Door County Living'', Luulyo 1, 2004, accessed Diisambar 12, 2019</ref> == Juqraafiga == Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka, gobolka wuxuu leeyahay aag guud oo dhan {{Convert|2370|sqmi}} , oo ka mid ah {{Convert|482|sqmi}} waa dhul iyo {{Convert|1888|sqmi}} (80%) waa biyo. <ref name="GR1">[http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_55.txt 2010 Census Gazetteer Files], United States Census Bureau, Ogosto 22, 2012</ref> Waxana uu noqonaya degmada ugu weyn Wisconsin marka loo eego wadarta aagagga. Degmadu waxay leedahay {{Convert|298|miles|meters}} oo xeeb ah, taas oo guud ahaan lagu tilmaamo kala-goynta dhinaca galbeed. Dhinaca bari peat waxaa soo raaca cows iyo xeebo ciid ah ama quruurux ah oo ku yaala hareeraha harada. <ref>[https://www.blogs.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1918/doorWI1918.pdf Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://www.blogs.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1918/doorWI1918.pdf |date=20210604104655 }} waxaa qoray W. J. Geib, Carl Thompson, and H.V. Geib, USDA Bureau of Soils, 1918, bogga 6, (bogga 8 ee pdf)</ref> Sannado badan oo hoos u dhacday heerarka biyaha haradu, ubaxyada ku teedsan xeebta waxay muujineysaa isku-xigsi dhir. Badhtamaha Jasiiraddu inta badan waa dhul fidsan ama rogan oo dhul beereed ah. Waxaa jira saddex biyood oo kala duwan iyo laba nooc oo ilo ah oo ka jira degmada. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200126061420/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c490/eda3b833bb470534ca519baf1c4ce74a54f5.pdf Geology and ground water in Door County, Wisconsin, with emphasis on contamination potential in the Silurian dolomite] waxaa qoray M.G. Sherrill Section: "Hydrologic Characteristics of Rock Units," 1978, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2047, bogagga 11–12</ref> <ref>[https://uwex.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=5f3157d4ba6049edb4964568f6ab1ff9 Wisconsin Springs: Data], see the four points located in the county on the electronic map, Susan Swanson, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey</ref> Degmadu waxay dabooshaa inta badan Jasiiradda Door. Markii la dhammeeyey kanaalka Maraakiibta ee Sturgeon Bay sanadkii 1881, <ref name="Wardius Wardius 2013">[https://books.google.com/books?id=iVecpMd_5AAC&pg=PA100 Wisconsin Lighthouses: A Photographic and Historical Guide, Revised Edition], K. Wardius iyo B. Wardius, Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2013, 100–25</ref> qeybtii woqooyi ee jasiiraddu waxay noqotay jasiirad macmal ah. <ref>''Great Lakes Island Escapes'' waxaa qoray Maureen Dunphy, chapter on [https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1916900 Washington Island, Wisconsin], bogga 64 (bogga 3 ee pdf), Wayne State University Press, 2016</ref> Kanaalkan ayaa la rumeysan yahay inuu si uun u sababay hoos u dhac ku yimaad shahwada tirada badan ee ku sugan harada badda sababo la xiriira isbeddelada ku dhaca deegaanka biyaha ku jira. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113055938/https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/comprehensive-plan-update-2010-adopted1.pdf City of Sturgeon Bay Comprehensive Plan Update], 2010, chapter 2 bogga 2 (bogga 14 ee pdf)</ref> Is barbar dhigga woqooyi ee 45aad wuxuu ka kooban yahay "jasiiradda," tanna waxaa lagu xusaa Park Meridian Park. <ref>{[https://www.co.door.wi.gov/746/Meridian-County-Park Meridian County Park], Door County Parks</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Meridian County Park and Harter-Matter Sanctuary Map and trail guide |url=https://kangaroolake.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MERIDIAN-CO-PARK.pdf |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://kangaroolake.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/MERIDIAN-CO-PARK.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> === Soo-kabashada === Dolomite outcroppings ah ee Escarpment Niagara waxa ay ka muuqdan labada xeebood ee Jasiiradda, laakiin karst qaababka ah Cuesta xigtaa si gaar ah caan u ah dhinaca Green Bay sida arkay at the Blufflands Bayshore. Koofurta Sturgeon Bay soohdintu waxay u kala baxdaa qulqulo hoose oo badan iyada oo aan wejiyada dhagxaanta waaweyn ee la soo bandhigin. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf Chapter 8: Central Lake Michigan Coastal Ecological Landscape], subsection on Bedrock Geology from ''The ecological landscapes of Wisconsin: An assessment of ecological resources and a guide to planning sustainable management.'' Madison: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2015. PUB-SS-1131Q 2015, bogga J-5 (bogga 15 ee pdf)</ref> Godad badan ayaa laga helaa qafiska. <ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2047/report.pdf Geology and Ground Water in Door County, Wisconsin, with Emphasis on Contamination Potential in the Silurian Dolomite] waxaa qoray M. G. Sherrill, United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2047. 1978, locations of caves are shown on Plate 1</ref> <ref>[https://www.wisconsinlife.org/story/man-goes-deep-to-explore-preserve-the-hidden-treasures-of-door-countys-caves/ Man Goes Deep To Explore, Preserve The Hidden Treasures Of Door County's Caves], waxaa qoray Joel Waldinger, Oktoobar 14, 2014, ''Wisconsin Life'' PBS</ref> Marka laga soo tago cirifka woqooyi ee jasiiradda, cirifka qayb ahaan hoosta ka sameysan ayaa sameeya jasiiradaha Potawatomi, oo u fidsan Jasiiradda ee Jasiiradda Sare ee Michigan. Kuwani waxaa ugu weyn Jasiiradda Washington. Intooda badani waxay sameystaan Magaalada Washington.<ref>[https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1978/door.pdf Soil Survey of Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/wisconsin/doorWI1978/door.pdf |date=20210624200024 }}, USDA SCS, Diisambar 1978</ref> Kala bixintu waa goob soo jiidasho leh oo loogu talagalay qodista, guryaha, iyo munaaradaha isgaarsiinta. <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/er/ER0801.pdf The Niagara Escarpment: Inventory Findings 1999–2001 and Considerations for Management. Final Report], Craig Anderson, Eric Epstein, William Smith, Nicole Merryfield, May 2002, Natural Heritage Inventory Program Bureau of Endangered Resources Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, bogga 32 (bogga 40 ee pdf)</ref> Goob hore oo dhagax laga qoday oo ku taal xeebta oo shan mayl xaga waqooyi-bari ee Sturgeon Bay hadda waa jardiinooyin degmo. <ref name="Quarry">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200127092530/http://map.co.door.wi.us/parks/kiosks/George_PINNEY.pdf George Pinney County Park kiosk information], ''Door County Parks''</ref> [[File:Gfp-wisconsin-whitefish-dunes-top-of-the-dune.jpg|thumb|Ka eeg xagga kore ee Old Baldy bisha Ogosto]] === Dhibco sare === Eskers waa waxa kaliya ee laga helo geeska fog koonfur-galbeed ee gobolka, laakiin drumlins yar iyo weynba moraines sidoo kale sii dhacaan ilaa Jasiiradda. <ref>[https://arcg.is/0D5bvf Wisconsin Geology] electronic map, in the Layer List, "Landforms features (lines)" was selected to show the glacial landforms</ref> 102kii&nbsp;feet sare Brussels Hill <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113060255/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Gardner%20Comp%20Plan%20Text%20and%20Maps.pdf Town of Gardner 20 Year Comprehensive Plan], Janaayo 2010, Chapter 5, bogga 15 (bogga 78 ee pdf)</ref> ({{Coord|44.75166|-87.59093|dim:30_region:US-WI_type:hill}}, sare u qaadis 851 feet) waa meesha ugu sarreysa ee gobolka. <ref>[http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/34694/t%20brussels.pdf Town of Brussels 2020 Comprehensive Plan] {{Wayback|url=http://media.baylakerpc.org/media/34694/t%20brussels.pdf |date=20200113060257 }}, Chapter 2, bogga 30 (bogga 56 ee pdf)</ref> Red Hill Woods ee u dhow waa keynta ugu weyn ee hartay maple-beech aagga. <ref>Wisconsin Land Legacy Report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228152419/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/clakemich.pdf Central Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape], subsection "Red Hill Woods – Brussels Grassland", bogga 134 (bogga 7 ee pdf), 2006, ''Wisconsin DNR''</ref> Old Baldy ({{Coord|44.920344|-87.20192|dim:30_region:US-WI_type:dune}} ) waa bacaad ciida ugu dheer ee gobolka <ref>[https://www.travelwisconsin.com/article/things-to-do/get-a-birds-eye-view-of-wisconsins-fall-color Get A Bird's Eye View of Wisconsin's Fall Color] waxaa qoray Travel Wisconsin, Sept. 21, 2017</ref> at 93 feet heer ka sarreeya gudubno. <ref>Note that lake level changes from year to year. [https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/parks/name/whitefish/trails.html Whitefish Dunes State Park Trail descriptions], ''Wisconsin DNR'', Maarso 20th 2016, accessed Sebtember 7th, 2019</ref> === Cimilada === Degmadu waxay leedahay [[Cimilada]] qaaradda ee qoyan| cimilo qaaradeed oo qoyan (oo loo yaqaan 'Dfb' oo ku taal [Köppen ) oo leh kuleyl diirran iyo qabow [[baraf]] qabaw. Xogta laga helay Saldhigga Cilmi-baarista Beeraha ee Peninsula ee waqooyiga magaalada Sturgeon Bay waxay bixisay celcelis ahaan heerkulka bil kasta oo in uu u dhexeeyo {{Convert|68.7|F|C}} xagaaga illaa {{Convert|18.0|F|C}} xilliga jiilaalka. Bishii Janaayo 7, 1967 Washington Island waxay heshay 17 inji oo baraf ah, taas oo dejineysa rikoorka degmada ugu weyn ee hal maalin baraf da'o. <ref>[https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/snowfall-extremes/ Wisconsin 1-Day Snowfall Extremes]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information'', Oktoobar 22, 2018</ref> Afar duufaan ayaa ka dhacday intii u dhaxeysay 1844 iyo 1880, iyo lix ka timid 1950 ilaa 1989, laakiin ma jirin wax dhimasho ah oo midkoodna ku dhalatay. Laba waxay ka gudbeen khadka degmada ee Door-Kewaunee. <ref>[https://wgnhs.wisc.edu/pubs/b100/ A Tornado Climatology for Wisconsin]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Shanaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} waxaa qoray Pamela Naber Knox and Douglas Norgord, ''Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey'' Bulletin 100, 2000, bogga 9 (bogga 17 ee pdf) iyo bogga 13 (bogga 21 ee pdf)</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 1989 ilaa 2019, waxaa jiray 2 duufaano dheeri ah, oo ay ku jiraan F3 "Door County tornado" oo ku dhacday Egg Harbor 1998. <ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.731.83&rep=rep1&type=pdf Development of the Door County Supercell on 23 Ogosto 1998] waxaa qoray James R. Jelinek, Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, May 2006</ref> Intaa waxaa sii dheer waxaa jiray 10 biyo-mareenno u kala dhexeeyay sanadii 1950 iyo 2018. <ref>[https://www.weather.gov/media/grb/climate/severewx/8TORBYCOUNTYDOOR.pdf Door County Tornado Guide], ''weather.gov''</ref> == Soojiidashada == [[File:Winter_Road_-_Shivering_Sands,_Door_Peninsula_(32151198956).jpg|thumb|Wadada isku xirka qoyan ee Shivering Sands, Janaayo 1]] Sannadkii 1905, Theodore Roosevelt wuxuu ku taliyay in aagga Shivering Sands la ilaaliyo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 6, bogga 7, bogga 104 ee pdf</ref> Maanta aaggan waxaa ka mid ah Dunes Whitefish, Kellner's Fen, Shivering Sands complex wet, <ref>[https://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Landings_Spring-2012.pdf Landings, Journal of the Door County Land Trust]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Spring 2012, bogagga 6–7</ref> iyo xadiiqada Cave Point County . <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/er/ER0803.pdf A Data Compilation and Assessment of Coastal Wetlands of Wisconsin's Great Lakes], 2002 (See M-16. Shivering Sands Area on p. 37 ee dukumintiga iyo p. 43 ee pdf)</ref> Hjalmar Holand, oo reer Efrayim ah, <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015016754817&view=1up&seq=16 My first eighty years] waxaa qoray Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 1957, Twayne Publishers, New York, p. 10 (p. 16 ee pdf)</ref> ayaa kor uqaaday Degmada Door si ay u noqoto meel loo dalxiis tago nuskii hore ee qarnigii 20aad. Wuxuu ka soo shaqeeyay guddi la bilaabay 1927 si loo ilaaliyo loona horumariyo goobaha taariikhiga ah, <ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89066138504&view=1up&seq=254 Old peninsula days; the making of an American community], Chapter 26, "The Peninsula's County Parks" waxaa qoray Holand, Hjalmar Rued, 8th revised edition, 1959, p. 242 and following (p. 254 iyo raacitaanka pdf)</ref> iyo dadaalkan awgiis bulshada taariikhiga ah ee degmada ayaa iibsatay dhulal hada ah beeraha, oo ay kujiraan xadiiqada Tornado , xadiiqada Robert LaSalle, xadiiqada Murphy, xadiiqada Increase Claflin, iyo meesha muqadaska ah ee Ridges . <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/door-countys-original-historian-hjalmar-r-holand/ Door County's Original Historian: Hjalmar R. Holand] waxaa qoray Steve Grutzmacher, ''Door County Living'', Sebtember 4, 2015</ref> Maanta, inta badan dalxiisayaasha iyo dadka xagaaga dagan waxay ka yimaadaan magaalooyinka waaweyn ee Milwaukee, [[Chicago]], Madison, Green Bay, [[Minneapolis]] iyo [[Saint Paul]], <ref name="NYTimes20080911">[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/greathomesanddestinations/12mark.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss The Cape Cod of the Midwest] waxaa qoray Lyttle, Bethany, Sebtember 11, 2008, ''The New York Times''</ref> in kasta oo dadka degan Illinois ay yihiin kooxda ugu badan labada degmo ee Door iyo koonfurta ka xigta geeska bari ee Wisconsin. <ref>[Condos in the Woods: The Growth of Seasonal and Retirement Homes in Northern Wisconsin https://books.google.com/books?id=Z737bhspiloC&pg=PA22], Rebecca L. Schewe, Donald R. Field, Deborah J. Frosch, Gregory Clendenning, iyo Dana Jensen, May 15, 2012, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 22</ref> Sannadkii 2003, cilmi baarayaashu waxay ogaadeen in marka la barbar dhigo gobollada kale ee Wisconsin, Degmada Door ay leedahay qaddar dhexdhexaad ah oo ah biyaha gudaha, dhulka kaymaha ah, garoomada ay degmooyinku leeyihiin, iyo masaafada lugta tareenka iyo tiro badan oo garoomo golf ah, ganacsiyo madadaalo ah iyo buuraha barafka dhaadheer iyo xerooyinka. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190302172244/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9f65/5760fa12dca9766f5b9e98331d7a3bdc209b.pdf Standardizing county-level recreation supply components: A precursor to the Wisconsin SCORP, 2005] Working Paper 03-2 Nofeembar 2003 waxaa qoray Peter Herreid, Dave Marcouiller, and Jeff Prey</ref> In kasta oo ay jiraan xerooyin aad u tiro badan haddana Wisconsin DNR ayaa soo warisay 2006-kii in "baahida loo qabo kaamamku ay aad uga badan tahay tan hadda la bixiyo ee jirta." <ref>Wisconsin Land Legacy Report, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100228151140/http://www.dnr.wi.gov/master_planning/land_legacy/documents/nlakemich.pdf Northern Lake Michigan Coastal ecological landscape], subsection "Recreation Uses and Opportunities", bogga 119 (bogga 2 ee pdf), 2006, ''Wisconsin DNR''</ref> === Dhul madadaalo === [[File:Potawatomi_Tower_View.jpg|thumb|Ka eeg bisha Ogosto taarikada indha indheynta ee hadda xiran ee ku taal Potawatomi State Park. Jasiiradda yar waa jasiiradda Cirka ee Dunida, oo hore u ahaan jirtay Bug Island. <ref name="islands">[https://doorcountypulse.com/islands-around-us/ Door County's Islands] waxaa qoray Sally Slattery, ''Door County Living'', Luulyo 1, 2014</ref> Bidixda bidix waa Cabot Point, oo qayb ka ah aagga loo yaqaan Idlewild, dhanka midigna waxaa ku yaal xeebta waqooyi-galbeed ee Sturgeon Bay oo ay ka muuqato dhagaxa weyn ee loo yaqaan 'Old Stone Quarry', oo ah kan ugu weyn gobolka.<ref name=Quarry/> Jasiiradda Green Island waxay umuuqataa khad aad u jilicsan oo ku teedsan jihada hore.]] [[File:Nicolet_Bay_Aerial.jpg|thumb|Nicolet Bay oo ku taal [[Peninsula State Park]], Nicolet Beach oo ku taal bartamaha. Tan iyo markii la qaatay bartamihii Sebtember, xeebta badiyaa way madhan tahay.]] Degmada Door waxay hoy u tahay lix jardiinooyin oo gobolka ku yaal. <ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/broadband-high-speed-internet-government-spending/ Federal lawmakers have spent billions in the wake of the pandemic to get Americans high-speed internet. And they want to spend much more.] waxaa qoray Sarah Ewall-Wice, ''CBS News'' May 21, 2021</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/66938/ Article posted Thursday, Maarso 6, 2014 10:36am] waxaa qoray Jim Lundstrom, ''Peninsula Pulse'', Maarso 6th, 2014</ref> Afar waxay ku yaalliin Peninsula: [[Newport State Park|Xadiiqada Newport State]], waqooyi-bari Ellison Bay; Xadiiqada Peninsula State, oo ku taal bariga Kalluunka Creek; Beerta Gobolka Potawatomi, oo ay weheliso Sturgeon Bay; iyo [[Whitefish Dunes State Park]] oo ku teedsan harada Michigan. Laba waxay ku yaaliin jasiiradaha: [[Rock Island, Wisconsin|Xadiiqada Rock Island State]] iyo Xadiiqada Grand traverse Island State . Xadiiqada Grand Traverse Island State waxaa la aasaasay 1970 waxayna ilaalisaa aragga in ka badan kan {{convert | 5 | acre | ha}} dhul ku yaal Jasiiradda Detroit.<ref>[http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/lands/realestate/documents/05r911071d.pdf Payment of State Aid to Municipalities for the payment year of 2005], Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources</ref> Maaddaama ay ka kooban tahay shan xirmooyin oo aan kala bixin<ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/pr/PR2090.pdf Hunting & Trapping Map Grand Traverse Island State Park] {{Wayback|url=https://dnr.wi.gov/files/PDF/pubs/pr/PR2090.pdf |date=20210624210345 }}, Wisconsin DNR PUB PR-2090, Rev. 9/11/2014</ref> mana jirto marin doomo laga raaco xadiiqadani caadi ahaan lama xayeysiiyo. Marka lagu daro xarumaha dabiiciga ee ku dhex yaal jardiinooyinka gobolka, waxaa jira saddex kale oo ka baxsan jardiinooyinka. Waxaa jira afar Meelood oo Duurjoogta iyo Kalluumeysiga ah<ref>Gardner Swamp Wildlife Area, Mud Lake Wildlife Area, Reibolts Creek Public Access, and Schuyler Creek State Fishery Area</ref> iyo sidoo kale Aagagga Dabiiciga ah ee Gobolka oo u oggolaanaya marin-u-helidda dadweynaha ee bilaashka ah. <ref name="SNA">[https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Lands/NaturalAreas/county.html#Door State natural areas waxaa qoray county], ''Wisconsin DNR'' Janaayo 22, 2019</ref> Ka sokow degmada, <ref>[http://doorcounty.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=b745a6c3b54640a097199de19d2aaa4d Interactive map of State and County Parks]</ref> magaalada, iyo jardiinooyinka bulshada, <ref>[https://www.sturgeonbaywi.org/departments/parks___recreation/park_facilities.php Park facilities], ''City of Sturgeon Bay''</ref> <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/far-from-the-madding-crowd-liberty-grove-town-parks/ Far From the Madding Crowd: Liberty Grove Town Parks]</ref> waxaa ku yaal xerada kormeerka wiilka, xero kiristaan ah, <ref>[https://www.ccca.org/assnfe/CompanySearch.asp?MODE=DETAIL&COID=856&PAGENUM=5 Camp Zion] listing in the CCCA campgrounds directory, accessed Diisambar 10th, 2019</ref> iyo goob dadweyne oo ay maamusho Xarunta Qadiimiga ah. <ref>[https://www.iceagetrail.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Book-Sample-Door.pdf Ice Age Trail Guidebook 2014] {{Wayback|url=https://www.iceagetrail.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Book-Sample-Door.pdf |date=20210721040925 }}, Points of interest: Cardy Paleo-Indian Camp Archaeological Site, p. 353 (p. 6 ee pdf)</ref> <ref name="Cardy">[https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=68 Life During The End Of The Ice Age: The Cardy site could inform archaeologists about how humans dealt with a challenging environment.] {{Wayback|url=https://www.archaeologicalconservancy.org/?wpfb_dl=68 |date=20220223203808 }}, ''American Archaeology Vol. 14'', No. 3, Fall 2010</ref> Aaminaad dhul oo maxalli ah ayaa ka shaqeysa 14 jardiinooyin oo gaar loo leeyahay oo u furan dadweynaha, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180410164615/http://www.doorcountylandtrust.org/ Explore Our Preserves], ''Door County Land Trust''</ref> iyo 3,277.3 hektar (1326.3 ha) oo ka mid ah dhulal gaar loo leeyahay ayaa u furan dadweynaha ugaarsiga, kalluumeysiga, socodka, aragga iyo ciyaaraha barafka ee waddamada Barnaamijka Kaymaha la maamula. <ref>Lands enrolled in the tax program are shown on the [https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl DNR Private Forest Lands Open for Public Recreation] {{Wayback|url=https://dnrmaps.wi.gov/opfl |date=20210629033503 }} interactive map and [https://web.archive.org/web/20200222022053/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/ForestLandowners/documents/MFLAcreSummaryMun.pdf Managed Forest Law 2019 Acreage Summary Report by Municipality] waxaa qoray Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Febraayo 25, 2019, p. 17</ref> === Xeebaha === Marka lagu daro harada Lake Michigan iyo Green Bay labadaba, waxaa jira 54 xeebood oo dadweyne ah ama dayactir ubaahan <ref>[https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Beaches/documents/maps/door.pdf Map of Door County Beaches on Lake Michigan] {{Wayback|url=https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Beaches/documents/maps/door.pdf |date=20210721040907 }} and [https://www.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?webmap=55235cfdfe374ba8ad22fc39a03cb522 Wisconsin's Great Lake Public Access Guide], electronic map</ref> iyo 39 goobood oo laga bilaabayo kayak.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170711231351/https://www.doorcounty.com/media/8619/bike-map_2016_digital.pdf Bicycle and other silent sports map 2016], Door County Visitor Bureau</ref> 35 xeeb ayaa si joogto ah loola socdaa dakana loogala taliyaa tayada biyaha. <ref>[https://www.wibeaches.us/apex/f?p=181:1:::NO:RP:: Wisconsin Beach Advisories] {{Wayback|url=https://www.wibeaches.us/apex/f?p=181:1:::NO:RP:: |date=20210118014302 }} on the Wisconsin Beach Health website; counties are located in the dropdown menu</ref> In kasta oo Degmada Door ay ku yar tahay maalmaha qoraxdu badan tahay gobollada badankood ee Wisconsin iyo Illinois, haddana sidoo kale waxay leedahay roobab yar iyo heerkulka xagaaga oo hooseeya, <ref>Ka eeg khariidada xagga hoose ee [https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/county/wisconsin/door Door County, Wisconsin, - Sperling's BestPlaces], Diisambar 12, 2019 ''Bestplaces.net''</ref> taas oo ka dhigaysa jawiga Qoori|ugu habboon ee xeebta tagaya. === Harooyinka iyo balliyada === Marka laga reebo harada Michigan iyo Green Bay, waxaa jira 25 harooyin, balliyo, ama marsooyin iyo 37 webi, durdurro, iyo ilo ka tirsan gobolka. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113070608/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Final_20091106/Chapter%204%20-%20Agricultural%20%26%20Natural%20Resources%20_adopted%2010-27-09_.pdf Door County Comprehensive Plan 2030: Chapter 4, Agricultural and Natural Resources], p. 20 ee pdf, Tables 4.15 and 4.16</ref> === Dhul qoyan === 4,631 [[Hektar|ha]] (11,400 hektar) oo ka mid ah dhulka qoyan ee Door Peninsula Coast ayaa ku hoos qoran Heshiiska Ramsar oo ah dhul qoyan oo muhiimad caalami ah leh. <ref>[https://www.ramsar.org/news/united-states-designates-its-37th-ramsar-site United States designates its 37th Ramsar Site], Abriil 27, 2015, khariidada dhulka qoyan eeg Figure 2-28. Door Peninsula Coastal Wetlands Ramsar Site khariidada waxaa qoray Door County Planning Department, May 2014 in the [https://www.co.door.wi.gov/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/_07092020-668 Luulyo 9, 2020 Land Conservation Committee Agenda], bogga 83</ref> Liiska waxaa ku jira saddex aag oo horay loogu aqoonsan jiray "Wetland Gems." === Xilliga === In kasta oo jasiirada Door County ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii sanadkii dad gaadha 27,610, waxay la kulantaa qulqul dalxiisayaala oo ka yimaada dhinac kasta inta u dhexeysa Maalinta Xusuusta iyo Maalinta Shaqaalaha, iyada oo ay jiraan in ka badan 2.1 milyan oo soo booqdayaal ah sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 4, p. 11, (bogga 64 ee pdf)</ref> Ganacsiyada badankoodu waxaa lagu bartilmaameedsadaa dalxiiska waxayna ku shaqeeyaan wakhti-xilliyeed. Iyada oo ku saleysan ururinta canshuuraha qolka laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2017-kii ilaa 2018-kii, Luulyo waa bisha ugu mashquulka badan sanadka oo dhan, in kasta oo dakhliga canshuuraha iibku uu ka sarreeyo bisha Agoosto. Canshuuraha ugu yar ayaa la uruuriyaa bisha Janaayo, iyo canshuurta iibka ee ugu yar waxaa la ururiyaa iyana bisha Abriil. <ref name="bureau2019">[http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf Monthly Report, Diisambar 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf |date=20200923183640 }}, Door County Visitor Bureau, bogagga 1 and 5</ref> == Dalxiiska == In kasta oo jasiirada Door County ay ku nool yihiin qiyaastii dad gaadhaya 27,610, waxay la kulantaa qulqul dalxiisayaal ah oo ka yimaada dhinac kasta inta u dhexeysa Maalinta Xusuusta iyo Maalinta Shaqaalaha, iyada oo in ka badan 2.1 milyan ay soo booqdaan sanadkiiba. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200113062550/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Sevasopol%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Sevastopol Comprehensive Plan 2028], Nofeembar 2008, Chapter 4, p. 11, (bogga 64 ee pdf)</ref> Ganacsiyada badankooda waxaa lagu bartilmaameedsadaa dalxiiska waxayna ku shaqeeyaan wakhti-xilliyeed. Iyada oo ku saleysan ururinta canshuuraha qolka laga soo bilaabo sanadkii 2017-kii ilaa 2018-kii, Luulyo waa bisha ugu mashquulka badan sanadka, in kasta oo dakhliga canshuuraha iibku uu ka sarreeyo bisha Agoosto. Canshuuraha ugu yar ayaa la uruuriyaa bisha Janaayo, iyo canshuurta iibka ee ugu yar waxaa la ururiyaa iyana bisha Abriil. <ref name="bureau20192">[http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf Monthly Report, Diisambar 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://doorcountytourismzone.com/uploads/ckfiles/files/12-2019%20-%20DDC%20December%202019%20Monthly%20Report.pdf |date=20200923183640 }}, Door County Visitor Bureau, bogagga 1 and 5</ref> Dhaqaalaha Degmada Door wuxuu la mid yahay kan gobolada Bayfield, Iron, Oneida, Sawyer, iyo Vilas. Lixdaan degmo oo ku yaala waqooyiga Wisconsin ayaa waxaa loo kala saaray inay leeyihiin "dalxiis la xiriira keymaha" oo ku saleysan dhaqaalo. <ref>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.46.6962&rep=rep1&type=pdf Clustering Wisconsin Counties for Analytical Comparisons] waxaa qoray Martin Shields and Steven C. Deller, CCED Staff Paper # 96.7, Oktoobar 1996, bogagga 11 and 16 (bogagga 13 and 19 ee pdf)</ref> Falanqeyn la isbarbar dhigayo xogta 1999 ee xulashada gobolada Wisconsin ayaa lagu ogaaday in Degmada Door ay si gaar ah ugu xoogan tahay tafaariiqda dhismaha iyo qalabka, raashinka, dharka iyo qalabka, tafaariiqda ee kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale maqaayadaha. Adeegyada, waxay ugu xoog badnaayeen madadaalo, filim, iyo madadaalo iyo hoy. Degmada Door waxay ka heshay dheeri maaliyadeed dhammaan qaybaha oo dhan dhammaan gobollada kale, marka laga reebo alaabta guriga & qalabka guryaha lagu iibiyo, taas oo Door County ay ku sii daatay iibinta gobollada kale. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200117233651/https://tind-customer-agecon.s3.amazonaws.com/e53d44a6-0aab-43f7-94f8-42915c7d9d1c?response-content-disposition=attachment%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27stpap428.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAXL7W7Q3XHXDVDQYS&Expires=1579307811&Signature=pKiLzQjlbdIURp9C0VHE4xL4zGc%3D Trade Area Analysis of Select Wisconsin Counties] waxaa qoray Steven C. Deller, Ogosto 2001, Staff Paper No. 428, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Staff Paper Series. Archived Janaayo 17, 2020</ref> Sanadkii 2015-kii, ururada farshaxanka iyo doorka ee Door County waxay qarashgareeyeen $9.7 milyan, taas oo 70.9% kamid ah lagu kharash gareeyay gudaha, marka lagu daro $15.0 milyan oo ay bixiyeen ka soo qaybgalayaashu kuwasoo ahaa dad lagu qiyaasay 1,582 mutadawiciin ah, waxayna ugu talogaleen fanka iyo ururada dhaqanka celcelis ahaan 35.7 saacadood midkiiba. Sanadkii 2015, 194,424 qof ayaa kaqeybgalay fanka iyo munaasabadaha dhaqanka ee gobolka, 78.0% kamid ah dadka aan deegaanka aheyn. Sannadkii 2016-kii, celceliska kaqeybgaleyaasha dhacdooyinka farshaxanka ee gobolka wuxuu kharash gareeyay $28.96, halka celcelis ahaan qofka aan dalka degganeyn uu ku qaatay $90.53. Sanadkii 2016ka, 50.6% dadka aan deegaanka aheyn ayaa sheegay in munaasabada fanka ay aheyd sababta koowaad ee ay ugu safreen gobolka. 66.0% ee kaqeybgaleyaasha deganayaasha degmada 2016 waxay ahaayeen 65 ama ka weyn, halka 48.6% ee kaqeybgaleyaasha aan deganeyn ay ahaayeen 65 ama ka weyn. <ref>[https://www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/aep5/PDF_Files/NationalFindings_StatisticalReport.pdf Arts and Economic Prosperity 5, National Statistical Report] waxaa qoray Americans for the Arts, bogagga B–25, B–73, B–189, B–205, B–333, B–365, B–381, B–413, B–445 (bogagga 57, 105, 221, 237, 365, 397, 413, 445, and 477 ee pdf)</ref> === Xilliga shaqada iyo guryaha === Heerarka shaqo la'aanta ee jasiirada Door County inta lagu jiro xilliga kuleylaha iyo deyrta ayaa aad uga hooseeya xilliga qaboobaha. <ref>[https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WIDOOR9URN Monthly Unemployment Rate for Door County, WI, 1991-2019], garaaf ka FRED Economic Research, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, accessed Diisambar 12, 2019.</ref> <ref>[https://baylakerpc.org/application/files/1015/2840/3401/Town_of_Nasewaupee_Comprehensive_Plan.pdf Year 2025 Comprehensive Plan Town of Nasewaupee Door County, Wisconsin] {{Wayback|url=https://baylakerpc.org/application/files/1015/2840/3401/Town_of_Nasewaupee_Comprehensive_Plan.pdf |date=20210624203746 }}, Sebtember 2003, bogga 117 ee pdf, Figure 6-1</ref> Dakhliga sanadlaha ah ee Degmada Door caadi ahaan wuu kayaryahay shaqooyinka lamidka ah meelaha kale ee Wisconsin. Tan waxaa loo aaneeyay dabeecadda xilliyeed ee inta badan shaqada. Tusaale ahaan, sanadkii 2009-kii, waxaa la ogaaday in dadku ay 4.85 jeer ay u badan tahay in laga shaqaaleeyo hoteellada iyo mootooyinka ku yaal jasiirada Door County oo ka soo horjeedda qaranka intiisa kale. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180201083553/https://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Sectors/documents/DellerEconomicImpacts0324.pdf The Economic Impacts of Agriculture in Wisconsin Counties] waxaa qoray Steven C. Deller and David Williams.</ref> 22.0% oo ka mid ah 13,728 shaqaale ah ayaa sanadkii 2018 ka shaqeeyay waaxda firaaqada iyo soo-dhawaynta ee gobolka, in ka badan qaybaha kale. Si kastaba ha noqotee, sababtoo ah shaqooyinka firaaqada iyo martigelinta uma muuqdaan kuwo si fiican loo helo, waxay kasbadeen kaliya 12.9% dhammaan mushaharka laga helo degmada. Taa bedelkeeda, shaqaalaha waxsoosaarka waxay heleen 24.5% mushaharka labixiyay sanadkii 2018, inkasta oo ay kaliya ka dhigteen 17.0% shaqaalaha. Tani waa inkasta oo celceliska mushaarka sanadlaha ah ee xilliga firaaqada iyo soodhaweynta ay yihiin 109.3% celceliska mushaarka gobolka ee xilliga firaaqada iyo martigalinta sanadkii 2018. Taa bedelkeeda, shaqaalaha ka shaqeeya wax soo saarka waxay heleen 86.7% celceliska mushaharka gobolka ee wax soo saarka. Mushaharka degmada Door ayaa celcelis ahaan gobolka u soo saaray qayb kasta marka laga reebo xilliga firaaqada iyo martigelinta <ref>[https://jobcenterofwisconsin.com/wisconomy/wits_info/downloads/CP/door_profile.pdf 2019 Workforce profile: Door County] waxaa qoray Ryan Long, Bay Area Regional Economist for the State of Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, 2019, bogga 7, section "Industry Employment and Wages, 2018 Employment and Wage Distribution by Industry, Door County"</ref> Saamaynta dakhliga hoose waxaa iskudarsaday celcelis ahaan qiimaha guryaha; meelaha kale ee Wisconsin ee mushaharkoodu hooseeyo waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin guryo hooseeya. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034729/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Village%20of%20Sister%20Bay%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Village of Sister Bay 2020 Comprehensive Plan] Chapter 1, bogga 16 (bogga 31 ee pdf), 2003</ref> Awood la'aanta guryaha ayaa lala xiriiriyay dhibaatada yaraanta shaqaalaha, maadaama shaqaalaha cusub laga yaabo inaysan awoodin inay iibsadaan guryaha ayna go'aansadaan inay baxaan. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190410034230/http://map.co.door.wi.us/planning/Comp-Plan/Completed/Town%20of%20Liberty%20Grove%20Comprehensive%20Plan.pdf Town of Liberty Grove Comprehensive Plan 2003] Chapter 1, bogga 12 (bogga 32 ee pdf)</ref> Daraasad 2019-kii ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in degmada ay tahay gobolka sideedaad ee ugu qaalisan nolosha ee dhammaan gobollada Wisconsin. <ref>Tani waxaa loogu talagalay qoys laba waalid leh oo leh hal cunug oo iskuulka ku jira iyo hal dugsi-barbaarin, heerka isku-filnaanshaha sannadlaha ah wuxuu ahaa $63,001. [http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/sites/default/files/selfsuff/docs/WI2019_SSS.pdf The Self-Sufficiency Standard for Wisconsin 2019] {{Wayback|url=http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/sites/default/files/selfsuff/docs/WI2019_SSS.pdf |date=20210624204921 }} waxaa qoray Diana M. Pearce and the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development, May 2019, Center for Women's Welfare, University of Washington School of Social Work, bogga 11 (bogga 13 ee pdf)</ref> == Shaqaalaha ajaanibta ah iyo tirada dadka == Maaddaama diiwaangelinta dugsiga sare ee gobolka ay yaraatay, shaqo-bixiyeyaasha waxay u jeesteen fiisooyinka J-1 si ay u buuxiyaan boosaska xilliyeed halkii. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/j-1-visa-program-growing-in-door-county/ J-1 Visa Program Growing in Door County] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'' May 4, 2018, [https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/door-co/2019/08/15/door-county-seasonal-j-1-visa-workers-housing-focus-new-plan/2009275001/ Door County's seasonal, J-1 Visa workers need housing. This Illinois couple hopes to help] waxaa qoray Sammy Gibbons, ''Green Bay Press-Gazette'', Ogosto 15, 2019, and [https://doorcountypulse.com/worker-shortage-endures-for-manufacturing-sector-n-e-w-industries-shares-story-about-changes-that-make-it-difficult-to-remain-fully-staffed/ Overseas Restrictions Limit J-1 Visa Arrivals: Door County Businesses Prepare For Workforce Shortage] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'', May 14, 2021</ref> [[File:MigrantWorkerHousingDoorCountyWisconsin.jpg|thumb|Guriyeynta shaqaalaha muhaajiriinta (Maarso, 2011-kii) Sababtoo ah qiimaha sare ee nolosha marka la barbardhigo dakhliga xadidan ee shaqooyin badan oo dalxiis-warshadeed ay bixiyaan, shaqaale ku meelgaar ah ayaa badanaa la shaqaaleeyaa, kuwa gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Shaqaaluhu waxay ka yimaadaan meelo fog fog sida Ukraine, <ref name="Reardon">[https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2511&context=all_dissertations Administrative Relationships, Agency Theory, and the Summer Work Travel Program: 2012–2013] waxaa qoray Mark Reardon, Ph.D. thesis, Clemson University, bogga 134 (143 ee pdf)</ref> Scandinavia, Uzbekistan, Turkey, ama South Africa.]] Sababtoo ah shaqaalaha ajaanibta ah ee lagu keenay Barnaamijka Safarka Shaqada Xagaaga mararka qaarkood waxaa la dejiyaa meel ka duwan halka ay ka shaqeeyaan, qaar baa ku dhammaaday baaskiil 10-15 mayl maalintii tan iyo markii ay ka maqnaayeen gawaarida isla markaana gobolku uu xaddidan yahay gaadiidka dadweynaha. <ref name="Reardon2">[https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2511&context=all_dissertations Administrative Relationships, Agency Theory, and the Summer Work Travel Program: 2012–2013] waxaa qoray Mark Reardon, Ph.D. thesis, Clemson University, bogga 134 (143 ee pdf)</ref> Intaa waxaa sii dheer, soogalootiga sharci-darrada ah ama kuwa aan sharciga lahayn ee ka shaqeeya warshadaha dalxiiska ayaa inta badan haysan rukhsad darawalnimo. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/building-bridges-between-cultures/ Building Bridges Between Cultures] waxaa qoray Gary Jones, ''Peninsula Pulse'', Febraayo 4, 2011</ref> Sannadkii 2012-kii, Garyaqaanka Degmada Door Ray Pelrine wuxuu yiri "shaqaalaha soogalootiga sharci darrada ah hadda waxaa lagu dhisay qaab dhismeedka ganacsiyo badan oo halkan ku yaal." <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/the-immigration-debate-and-why-it-matters-to-door-county-more-than-you-think/ The Immigration Debate – and Why it Matters to Door County More than You Think], waxaa qoray Myles Dannhausen Jr. ''Peninsula Pulse'', Luulyo 5, 2012</ref> === Hoos u dhaca dhalinyarada iyo guud ahaan dadka === Marka loo eego qiyaasta ACS, tirada dadka ka yar 18 sano ee degmada ayaa hoos uga dhacday 5,119 sanadkii 2010-kii ilaa 4,479 sanadka 2017-kii. <ref>[https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Door%20County&g=0500000US55029&hidePreview=false&table=DP05&tid=ACSDP5Y2017.DP05&vintage=2017&cid=DP05_0001E&layer=county&lastDisplayedRow=42 ACS 5-year estimate], Accessed Diisambar 12, 2019</ref> Sannadkii 2013, cilmi-baare ayaa saadaaliyay in marka la gaaro 2040, dadka ku nool degmada ay hoos u dhici doonaan 4.2%, boqolkiiba 10-ka ugu weyn ee hoos u dhaca dhammaan gobollada Wisconsin <ref>[https://doa.wi.gov/DIR/FinalProjs2040_Publication.pdf Wisconsin's Future Population Projections for the State, Its Counties and Municipalities, 2010–2040], waxaa qoray David Egan-Robertson, UW-Madison Applied Population Laboratory, Prepared for the Wisconsin Department of Administration Demographic Services Center, Diisambar 2013, bogga 20 (bogga 24 ee pdf)</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2013 ilaa 2017, 36.8% ee 9,358 qoys ee degmada ku nool waxay kujireen caruurnimo, iyadoo lagu saleynayo qiyaasta 5 sano ee ACS, marka loo barbardhigo 44.2% ee Wisconsin sanadkii 2017, iyadoo lagu saleynayo qiyaasta hal sano ee ACS. <ref>[https://www.livestories.com/statistics/wisconsin/door-county-families-structure-composition Door County Families: Structure and Composition], Livestories Statistics, compared to [https://www.livestories.com/statistics/wisconsin/families-structure-composition Wisconsin Families: Structure and Composition], Livestories Statistics, accessed Sebtember 6, 2019</ref> Marka laga reebo barnaamijka dugsiga barbaarinta ee Sevastopol, dhammaan degmooyinka gobolku waxay arkeen hoos u dhigista diiwaangelinta laga soo bilaabo 2000 ilaa iyo 2019 ee heerarka dugsiga hoose, dhexe, iyo sare. <ref name="enrollment">2000-2019 enrollment figures come from the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics/archive#epr Program Statistics Archives, Wisconsin School Free/Reduced Eligibility Data] and the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics School Nutrition Program Statistics] reports for school level enrollment and participation data, except for Washington Island, which was missing for 2019. Instead, 2018 [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=d3297b44-3080-46bc-aaef-12d4905a0f81 WISEdash elementary] and [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=0e64588c-5e7f-40b9-aad5-7e81da9fe662 high school] statistics for Washington Island are used.</ref> Hoos u dhaca diiwaangelinta dugsiga sare <ref name="enrollment2">2000-2019 enrollment figures come from the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics/archive#epr Program Statistics Archives, Wisconsin School Free/Reduced Eligibility Data] and the Wisconsin DPI [https://dpi.wi.gov/school-nutrition/program-statistics School Nutrition Program Statistics] reports for school level enrollment and participation data, except for Washington Island, which was missing for 2019. Instead, 2018 [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=d3297b44-3080-46bc-aaef-12d4905a0f81 WISEdash elementary] and [https://wisedash.dpi.wi.gov/Dashboard/Page/Home/Topic%20Area/Enrollment/Enrollment%20(Single%20Year)?filtersetid=0e64588c-5e7f-40b9-aad5-7e81da9fe662 high school] statistics for Washington Island are used.</ref> ayaa loo aaneynayaa yaraanta shaqaalaha xilliyada, waxaana loo aaneynayaa inay soo dedejisay ballaarinta barnaamijka fiisaha J-1. <ref>[https://doorcountypulse.com/j-1-visa-program-growing-in-door-county/ J-1 Visa Program Growing in Door County] waxaa qoray Jackson Parr, ''Peninsula Pulse'' May 4, 2018</ref> === Tirakoobka diinta === Tiro koobkii 2010-kii, koox diimeedkii ugu weynaa ee Door County waxay ahaayeen Katooligga, oo leh 9,325 oo qof kuwaaso raacsan oo ku cibaadeysta lix kaniisadood, waxaa ku xiga 2,982 qof oo ah ELCA Lutherans oo leh toddobo urur, 2,646 oo qof oo ah WELS Lutherans oo leh toddobo urur, 872 qof oo ah Moravians oo leh saddex jameeco, 834 qof oo ah United Methodists oo leh afar jameeco, 533 qof oo ah Masiixiyiin aan diin lahayn oo leh lix urur, 503 qof oo ah LCMS Lutherans oo leh laba urur, 283 qof oo ah LCMC Lutherans oo leh hal urur, 270 qof oo ah Converge Baptists oo leh seddex urur, 213 qof oo ah Episcopalians oo leh hal urur, 207 qof oo ah UCC Masiixiyiin ah oo leh hal urur, iyo 593 qof oo ah kuwa raacsan. Guud ahaan, 69.3% dadka waxaa loo tiriyey inay yihiin kuwo raacsan urur diimeed. <ref>[http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=55029&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh County Membership Report: Door County (Wisconsin)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/rcms2010A.asp?U=55029&T=county&Y=2010&S=adh |date=20200114062248 }}, The Association of Religion Data Archives</ref> Sannadkii 2014, Degmada Door waxay lahayd ururrada diimeed ee ugu tirada badan ee 719-aad qof kasta oo deggan oo ka mid ah dhammaan 3,141 degmooyin ee Mareykanka, iyadoo 34 urur diimeed ay ka jiraan gobolka. <ref name="PennState">[https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 Social Capital Variables Spreadsheet for 2014] {{Wayback|url=https://aese.psu.edu/nercrd/community/social-capital-resources/social-capital-variables-for-2014/social-capital-variables-spreadsheet-for-2014 |date=20191231001016 }}, PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development</ref> == Sidoo Kale arag == * [[Hennepin County, Minnesota]] {{Magaalooyinka Maraykanka}} {{Gobolada Maraykanka}} [[Category:Ameerikada waqooyi]] [[Category:Maraykanka]] [[Category:Dad]] slzemmbwnrqt1icyg50beuxfcul0whs 0 33216 305505 253324 2026-08-18T05:33:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Bad template}} {{Medium low article}} {{Infobox newspaper|name=Somaliland Official Gazette|opeditor=|oclc=|ISSN=|sister newspapers=|circulation=|headquarters=[[Hargeisa]], [[Somaliland]]|relaunched=|ceased publication=|language=Somali|political=|foundation=|staff=|seniorstaff=|photoeditor=|sportseditor=|campuschief=|logo=|campuseditor=|managingeditordesign=|newseditor=|maneditor=|assoceditor=|chiefeditor=|editor=|publisher=[[Garyaqaanka Guud ee Somaliland]]|founder=|owners=[[Dawladda Somaliland]]|format=|type=monthly|caption=|image=Constitution of Somaliland 2001.jpg|website=}} '''''FAAFINTA RASMIGA AH EE JSL''''' (Af '''''-Ingiriisi: Somaliland Official Gazette''''' ) waa daabacaad rasmi ah oo ka tirsan xukuumadda [[Soomaaliland|Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland]], wargeys dawladeed . <ref>http://www.somalilandlaw.com/somaliland_official_gazette.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.govsomaliland.org/articles/official-gazette |access-date=2021-08-17 |archive-date=2021-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803031156/https://www.govsomaliland.org/articles/official-gazette |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inta jeer ee daabacaadda == Daabacaaddu waxay dhacdaa bil kasta. == Luqadda == Faafinta Rasmiga ah hadda waxaa lagu daabacay oo kaliya Af -Soomaali. == Sidoo kale eeg == * Liiska wargeysyada dawladda == Tixraacyo ==   == Xiriirrada dibadda == * [http://garyaqaankaguud.com/somaliland-official-gazette/ Website -ka Garyaqaanka Guud ee Somaliland] {{Wayback|url=http://garyaqaankaguud.com/somaliland-official-gazette/ |date=20210817125708 }} [[Category:Dowlada Somaliland]] 0czoial9haefghp5m2kcbwlkhuk95gz 0 34372 305484 275710 2026-08-18T00:48:01Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Amaal Nuux|birth_place=[[Muqdisho]], Soomaaliya|image=Amaalnuuxhn.jpg|occupation=Fannaanad|ethnicity=Soomaaliya|citizenship={{Hlist|Soomaaliya|Kanada|}}|education=[[Jaamacadda Toronto]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1990|05|26|}}|years active=2012—hada}} '''Amaal Nuux''' (dhashay Maajo 26, [[1990]]) waa fannaanad [[Soomaali]]-Kanadian ah iyo shakhsiyad baraha bulshada. == Nolo iyo shaqo == Amaal Nuux waxa ay ku dhalatay Muqdisho, iyada oo da’ yar, waxa ay ka tagtay Soomaaliya oo ay timid Kanada, kuna soo barbaartay Toronto. Nuux waxa kale oo uu Kanada wax ku bartay Jaamacadda Toronto. Nuux waxa uu bilaabay dariiq mihnad faneed madax banaan oo uu ku soo galay warshadaha.<ref name=":1">[https://flaunt.com/content/qampa-amaal-nuux Q&A |Amaal Nuux - Flaunt Magazine]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Labaad 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}.</ref> Markii ay da'deedu ahayd 20 jir, Nuux waxa ay bilawday in ay sii deyso muusigga YouTube-ka oo ay kasbato aragtiyo cajiib ah, waxa ay ku luuqaysay heeso ay ka mid yihiin "[[Mufasa]]," "With You" iyo "Words Revealed."<ref name=":0">[https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/2019/07/19/torontos-somali-muslim-rb-singer-amaal-on-embracing-songs-about-sexuality-and-intimacy.html "Toronto’s Somali Muslim R&B singer Amaal on embracing songs about ‘sexuality and intimacy’"].</ref> === ''Black Dove'', ''Prologue Mixtape'' iyo ''Milly'' === [[Ciyaar la dheereeyey|EP]]-ka Nuux, ''[[Black Dove]]'',<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/amaal-debut-project-black-dove-8520256 Amaal Wages a Still Rebellion With Debut Project 'Black Dove']. ''[[Billboard]]''.</ref> waxaa sii daayay Universal Music Canada ee 12 Luulyo [[2019]]. Waxaa si fiican u soo dhaweeyay dadka dhaleeceeya. [[Abaalmarinta Juno]], ''Black Dove'' waxaa loo magacaabay "R&B / Soul Duubista Sanadka".<ref>[https://hiphopcanada.com/amaal-black-dove-ep-later/amp/ Black Dove: Rising artist Amaal releases debut project] {{Wayback|url=https://hiphopcanada.com/amaal-black-dove-ep-later/amp/ |date=20211117231236 }}.</ref><ref>[https://everythingisnoise.net/reviews/amaal-black-dove/ Amaal - "Black Dove" - Everything Is Noise].</ref><ref>https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/amaal-issues-debut-black-dove-ep-and-plants-her-stake-in-the-ground-new-mixtape.119330.html?_amp<nowiki/>/</ref> Waxay sido kale soo daaysay ''[[Prologue Mixtape]]''. Ee Oktoobar 28, [[2021]], EP-ka Nuux, ''[[Milly]]'', waxaa sii daayay Warner Music Canada.<ref>[https://amp.www.complex.com/music/amaal-releases-new-ep-milly Amaal Reveals Her Truest Self on Sophomore EP 'Milly'] {{Wayback|url=https://amp.www.complex.com/music/amaal-releases-new-ep-milly |date=20211118121854 }}.</ref> == Farshaxan == Nuux waa fanaanad R&B/<ref name=":2">[https://coveteur.com/amaal-nuux-talks-new-ep-black-dove/particle-1 Amaal Nuux Is the Toronto R&B Artist You Need to Know].</ref> Soul iyo Pop, nooca ​​fanka ah ayaan inta badan Soomaaliya caan ka ahayn fannaaniinta maadaama ay jecel yihiin [[Fanka Soomaalida|muusiga Soomaaliga]], sidaas darteed, Nuux waxa ay ka mid tahay fannaaniinta Soomaaliyeed oo R&B ee ay caanka ku tahay. Codka Nuux ayaa lagu tilmaamay mid si fiican loo hagaajiyay. Qaar ka mid ah fikradeeda heesaheeda waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan bulshada iyo qaxoontinimada.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://www.passerbuys.com/profiles/amaal-nuux Life in 10 Tracks with Amaal Nuux - Passerbuys] {{Wayback|url=http://www.passerbuys.com/profiles/amaal-nuux |date=20211117231235 }}.</ref><ref name=":2" /> == Saamayn == Nuux waxaa dhiiri galiyay fanaaniinta sida [[Nina Simone]], [[Adele]], [[Lauryn Hill]], [[Céline Dion]] iyo [[K'naan]].<ref name=":0" /> == Tix == <references /> [[Category:Fanaaniinta Soomaaliya]] [[Category:Dad nool]] [[Category:Fanaaniinta dumrka Soomaaliyeed]] ipheb609kp08nummvtfnombdv76qfgx 0 39797 305476 303340 2026-08-17T17:10:39Z Muuse8 36079 305476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Farac|{{flagcountry|Masar}}|group=Abokor <br> |flag=[[File:Flag_of_Somaliland.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|60px]][[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|45px]]|image=|region1={{flagcountry|Somaliland}}|region2={{flagcountry| United States}}|region3={{flagcountry|Turkey}}|langs=[[Somali language|Somali]]|rels=[[Islam]]|related-c= Other ,clans <!-- CONFIRMED RELATIONS!!! -->}} '''Abokor''' ([[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisi]]: Abokor'','' [[Carabi]]: أبوبكر ; ''',''' Magaca oo buuxa: Abokor Musa Da'ud Sheekh Ishaaq) waa Qabiil wayn oo ka mid ah beelweynta Eidagalle ee Isaaq. Beeshu waxay degaan rasmiya ku tahay [[Soomaaliland|Somaliland]], [[Itoobiya]] iyo [[Kenya]]. == Dulmar Guud == The Abokor is a major Somali clan that is part of the Eidagalle clan of the Isaaq clan family, traditionally also called ''Saleebaan''. Members of the Abokor Musa subclan are descendants of Sheikh Ishaaq bin Ahmed. The Abokor musa<ref>Diiriye, Anwar Maxamed (2006). Literature of Somali Onomastics & Proverbs with Comparison of Foreign Sayings.ISBN978-0-9726615-1-5.</ref> is one of the large somali clans and among the most prominent sub-clans of the Eidagale. They inhabit the Hargiesa and Salahley regions of Somaliland, in addition to the Somali Region of Ethiopia and Kenya, where they form part of the Isahakia community<ref name=":3">Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17). Voice and Power. Routledge. <nowiki>ISBN 9781135751753</nowiki>.</ref><ref name=":4">Laitin, David D. (1977). Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience. 9780226467917.</ref>.The Abokor Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, merchants, and skilled poets.<ref>Andrzejewski, B.W. and I.M. Lewis, 1964, Somali Poetry: An Introduction, Oxford University Press.</ref> ==Tariikhda == ===Nasabka === Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu ka mid ahaa culimadii ka soo haajiray Carabta kuna soo tallaabay badda si ay Islaamka ugu faafiyaan Geeska Afrika qarnigii 12aad ilaa 13aad. Sidaas darteed, Sheekh Isxaaq wuxuu guursaday labo dumar ah oo deegaanka ah gudaha Somaliland, wuxuuna ka dhalay siddeed wiil. Mid ka mid ah, Daoud, wuxuu noqday aabihii beesha Ciidagale.<ref>I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), pp. 31 & 42</ref> ===Xiliyadii Dhexe=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxaa si gaar ah loogu xusuustaa kaalintii ay ka qaateen halgankii uu hoggaaminayay Axmed Gurey (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ([[Saldanadii Cadal|Saldanadii Adal]]) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Sida lagu sheegay buugga taariikhiga ah ee ''Futuh al-Habash'', beelaha Habar Magaadle, oo ay ku jirto laantan, waxay bixiyeen ciidamo iyo hoggaamiyeyaal muhiim ah.<ref>"مخطوطات-24 > بهجة الزمان > الصفحة رقم 16". makhtota.ksu.edu.sa. Retrieved 2017-08</ref><blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse—waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen dagaalkii qarnigii 16aad uu hogaaminayay Axmed Gurey bin Xuseen (Axmed Ibraahim al-Ghazi) ee lagula dagaallamay boqortooyadii Xabashida. Dagaalkan taariikhiga ah oo lagu xusay buugga Futuh al-Habash, beelo badan oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ka qeyb galay. Halyeeyada la xasuusto waxaa ka mid ahaa Basiralle iyo Dhimbil oo ahaa ugaasyo , taariikh ahaana loogu xuso iyo saraakiil ciidan oo caan ah. Qaybo kamid ah geedka qabiilka (clan tree) ayaa loo xusaa Boqorro, kuwaas oo ku jira dhamaan tarkhiidii dhaqan ee beesha, gaar ahaan ku dhadhaw qarnigii 15aad ilaa 16aad, oo ah Sultanate . Basiralle, oo lagu xasuusto geesinimo, wuxuu ku geeriyooday dhawac soogaadhay meel u dhow magaalada [[Herer|Herar]].<ref>Morin, Didier (2004). Dictionnaire historique afar: 1288-1982. KARTHALA Editions. <nowiki>ISBN 9782845864924</nowiki>.</ref> Sidoo kale waxay samayn wan ku lahayeen magalda tariikhiga ah ee [[Saylac|zelia]].</blockquote> [[File:First_footsteps_in_East_Africa,_or,_An_exploration_of_Harar_(1904)_(14586268478).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Axmad III bin Abu Bakar|Axmad Bin Abii Bakar]], Amiirkii [[Harar]]]] Qarnigii 19aad, laanta Abokor Muuse waxay door muuqda ku lahaayeen ganacsigii ka socday Hargeysa–Berbera–Harar. Ganacsatadoodu waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu firfircoon ee karavaannada ka keeni jiray gudaha Soomaalida xoolaha, muxurka, malmalka iyo subagga, kuna dhoofin jiray Berbera iyo suuqyada Carabta. Waxaa si gaar ah loo xusuustaa xiriirka dhow ee ay la lahaayeen Amiir Axmed III bin Abu Bakr, oo ahaa amiirkii Harar intii u dhaxaysay 1856–1875. Amiirka ayaa si weyn u qadarin jiray ganacsatada Abokor Muuse.<ref>Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. pp. 116–118.</ref> <blockquote>Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay door weyn ka ciyaareen ilaalinta dhaqanka, xeerka iyo dhexdhexaadinta. Goobta barakeysan ee [[Aw Barkhadle]], oo ku taalla inta u dhexeysa [[Hargeysa]] iyo [[Berbera]], waxay ahayd xarun dhaar iyo heshiis lagu xallin jiray khilaafaadka. Odayaasha Abokor Muuse ayaa si gaar ah loogu qadarin jiray hoggaaminta dhaarta iyo heshiisiinta,oo ah Ugaaysada dhaqanka<ref>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society Volume 19 p.61-62". 1849</ref> </blockquote> Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku ahaayeen hal-abuurka gabayga iyo xigmadda afka ah. Gabayga ayaa u ahaa hub lagula dagaallamo, laguna xafido taariikhda. Sida uu qoray Laurence Margaret, beesha Ciidagale (oo ay ka mid yihiin Abokor Muse) waxaa lagu yaqaanay in tiro badan oo rag ah ay gabyaa yihiin, taasoo ka dhigtay beel kaalin weyn ku leh suugaanta Soomaalida.<ref>Laurance, Margaret. ''A tree for poverty: Somali poetry and prose''. McMaster University Library Press. p. 27.</ref>Sido kale Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen qoys caan ku ahaa fardaha fuulka iyo dagaalka, waxaana si weyn looga yaqaanay kartida dagaal iyo xirfadda ay ku lahaayeen maareynta fardaha dagaalka. [[File:Sketch_Map_of_Northern_Somali_Land.png|right|thumb|250x250px| Map showing trade routes leading to Berbera.]] Qarnigii 19aad, Abokor Muuse waxay door muhiim ah ku lahaayeen ganacsigii karavaannada ee u dhexeeyay [[Berbera]] iyo gudaha dalka. Waxay qayb ka ahaayeen aasaaska magaalada [[Hargeysa]], taasoo markii hore ahayd xarun karavaan oo ay dhiseen ganacsatada Ciidagale.<ref>Carlos-Swayne, Harald (1900). ''Seventeen Trips Through Somaliland and a Visit to Abyssinia''. p. 96.</ref> <blockquote>Taariikhda Abokor Muuse waa mid ku dhisan geesinimada dagaal, hal-abuurka suugaaneed, hoggaaminta dhaqameed iyo firfircoonida ganacsiga. Waxay qayb muhiim ah ka noqdeen halgankii diimeed ee Muslimiinta, nabadaynta bulshada Isaaq, iyo kobaca dhaqaalaha iyo dhaqanka gobolka—astaamo qeexaya kaalintooda qoto dheer ee taariikhda Soomaaliyeed.</blockquote> Sidoo kale, waxay leeyihiin tariikh soo jireen ah oo ku salaysan dhaqashada xoolaha, sida Geela, Adhiga iyo lo'da, iyadoo geelu uu yahay xoolahooda ugu muhiimsan ee noloshooda ku tiirsan yihiin isla markaana ay Aad u dhaqdaan. Dhaqashada xoolaha waxay ka tarjumaysa hodantinimada, hiddaha, iyo xirfadda ay bulshadu ku dhisantahay oo soo jireen ah. ===Baranches and Subclans=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waa beel ballaaran oo caan ku ah geesinimada iyo hiddaha soo jireenka ah, waxayna leedahay faracyo iyo laamo badan oo si dhaw isugu xidhan. Beeshan qiimaha leh waxay u kala baxdaa laamo waaweyn oo ay ka mid yihiin: ''[[Beesha Mohamed Dhimbil|Mohammed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Ahmed Dhimbil]]'', ''[[Aden Abokor]]'', ''[[Muuse Dhimbil]]'' ===Saltanate of Abokor Musa=== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay caan ku tahay hoggaamin, halgan iyo ilaalinta dhaqanka. Intii taariikhdu xusuusato, beeshani waxay lahayd taliyaal dhaqameed oo ka kala socday laamaha iyo faracyada beesha, kuwaas oo door weyn ku lahaa xallinta khilaafaadka, ilaalinta nidaamka bulshada, iyo kordhinta midnimada beesha dhexdeeda. Suldaanada, boqorrada iyo ugaasyada ka soo jeeda Abokor Muuse waxay ahaayeen hogaamiyayaal caan ah, kuwaas oo isku darsaday garaad, geesinimo, iyo karti ciidan. Markay timaaddo dirir ama dagaal, waxay ahaayeen abaanduulayaal dagaal oo hoggaamiya ciidamo si abaabulan u dagaallama. Halka marka nabaddu timaaddo, ay noqdaan odayaal dhaqameed oo hagaya bulshada dhinaca garsoorka, dhaqanka, iyo isku duubnida. ==Qaybinta== Beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran u daganyihiin magaalada Hargeysa, gaar ahaan koofurta iyo galbeedka caasimadda. Xaafadaha ay si rasmi ah u deggan yihiin waxaa ka mid ah ''Calaamadaha'' , oo ay kala Qaybiso Wadada Halbawlaha ee ''Airport Road (Wadada Madaarka Egal)'', iyo xaafadaha Masalaha ( Siirooga galbeedkiisa), ''Jameecada'', iyo qaybo ka mid ah Xaafadda ''October''. Meelahan ayaa ka mid ah deegaannada taariikhiga ah ee ay beesha si xooggan ugu xidhan tahay. Marka laga sii gudbo gudaha magaalada, Abokor Muuse waxay degaan ''Qoolcaday'',''Toon'', magaalada ''Salahley'', iyo tuulooyinka u dhow ilaa ''Ina-Guxaa'', oo ah xuduudda u dhaxaysa Somaliland iyo Ethiopia. Deegaannadan ayaa loo arkaa in ay yihiin laf-dhabarta beesha ee dhulka Somaliland, maadaama ay yihiin goobaha ay ku badan yihiin beelaha reer guuraaga ah iyo xoolo-dhaqatada beesha. Dhinaca kale, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay si ballaaran uga deggan yihiin Dalka Itoobiya , halkaas oo ay ku leeyihiin magaalooyin iyo tuulooyin badan. Magaalooyinka ugu waaweyn ee ay degaan waxaa ka mid ah ''Bisad'', ''Abokor'', ''Egal Addani'', iyo ''Iskoyska'', halka ay sidoo kale ku nool yihiin deegaannada u dhow Dooxada ''Galool-Fadhiidh.'' Meelahan ayaa xiriir dhow la leh magaalada Awarre, taas oo ah xarun muhiim ah oo ka tirsan gobolka. Isku soo wada duuboo, beesha Abokor Muuse waxay degaan dhul aad u ballaaran oo ku kala yaalla labada dhinac ee xuduudda Somaliland iyo Itoobiya, iyagoo leh isku xirnaan dhaqan, deegaan, iyo taariikh wadaag ah oo soo jireen ah. ==Geed qabiil== A summarised clan family tree of the major subclans of Abokor Musa, is presented below: {{Tree list}} *Daoud (Eidagale) ***'''Abokor''' (Saleiban) ****Salieban Abokor *****Mohammad Salieban ******Saleiban Mohamed *******Yousuf Saleiban ********Osman Yusuf ********Said Yusuf ********Mohamed Yusuf *******Arralleh Saleiban ********Ali Arralle ********Saleiban Arralle *********Abokor Saleiban **********Abdalleh Abokor ***********Saleiban Abdalle ************Osman Saleiban *************Wa'eys Osman *************Mahamoud Wais *************Arralleh Wais *************Hussein wais **********Saleiban Abokor ***********Warfa Saleiban ***********Arrale Saleiban ***********Farah Saleiban ***********Mahamoud Saleiban **********Ibrahim Abokor ***********Mohamed Ibrahim ************Jibril Mohamed ************Salah Mohamed *************Osman Salah **************Abokor Osman ***************Hassan Abokor ****************Muuse Hassan ****************Laqshe Hassan ****************Basiralle Hassan ****************Dhimbil Hassan *****************'''Mohammed Dhimbil''' ******************Mucawiye Mohamed (Rer Mucawie) ******************Fatah Mohamed (Rer Fatah) ******************Gulled Mohamed (Rer Guled) ******************Musa Mohamed *******************Farah Muuse *******************Adawe Muuse *******************Aden Muuse *****************'''Muuse Dhimbil''' ******************Abdalle Muse *******************Muse Abdalle ********************Mahamoud Muuse *********************Shirdon Mohamoud **********************Hamud Shirdon **********************Jama Shirdon **********************Geele Shirdon *********************Hildiid Mohamoud **********************Ali Hildiid **********************Osman Hildiid **********************Geedi Hildiid **********************Hersi Hildiid ********************Abdalleh Muuse *********************Jibirl Abdalle **********************Kalil Jibirl ***********************Hersi Kalil ***********************Egal Kalil ***********************Wais Kalil ***********************Ali kalil ************************Said Ali ************************Koshin Ali ************************Arale Ali ************************Osman Ali ************************Guled Ali ************************Amare Ali ************************Boqorreh Ali **********************Aden Jibril (Rer Adan) ************************Benin Aden ************************Nour Aden ************************Ali Aden ************************Adan Aden **********************Abdi Jibril ***********************Ali Abdi ************************Mumin Ali ************************Naleye Ali ************************Hussein Ali *************************Mohamed Hussien *************************Nour Hussein *************************Dirie Hussien **************************Hassan Dirie **************************Aden Dirie **************************Guled Dirie ***************************Abdalle Guled ***************************Mohamed Guled ***************************Jama Guled ***********************Nour Abdi (Rer Nuur) ************************Ismail Nour ************************Hersi Nour ************************Gabal Nour ************************Mohamed Nour ***********************Benin Abdi (Rer Benin) ************************Naleye Benin ************************Ahmed Benin ************************Hersi Benin ************************Warfa Benin ************************Samter Benin ************************Abdi Benin ************************Fatah Benin ************************Aden Benin ************************Dirie Benin ************************Farah Benin ************************Dahir Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Guled Benin ************************Shirwa Benin ************************Abane Benin ************************Abdille Benin ************************Yusuf Benin ************************Arale Benin ************************Roble Benin ************************Osman Benin ***********************Abdille Abdi ************************Gallab Abdille (Rer Gallab) *************************Ismail Gallab *************************Asker Gallab ***********************Eiae Abdille (Rer Eiye) ************************Gulled Eiye ************************Sharmake Eiye ***********************Mohamed Abdille ************************Ahmed Mohamed *************************Samter Ahmed *************************Ziyad Ahmed *************************Mayle Ahmed *************************Elmi Ahmed *************************Warfa Ahmed *************************Geedi Ahmed *************************Amanle Ahmed *************************Food Ahmed *************************Roble Ahmed *************************Ainanshe Ahmed *************************Wais Ahmed *************************Dhible Ahmed (Rer Dhibleh) **************************Ismail Dhible **************************Barre Dhible *************************Ali Ahmed (Rer Ali) *************************Gubadleh Ahmed (Rer Gubadleh) **************************Derie Gubadleh (Rer Dirie) **************************Boqorre Gubdleh (Rer Boqorreh) ******************'''Ahmed Dhimbil''' ********************Musa Ahmed ********************Osman Ahmed ********************Liban Ahmed *********************Abdi Liban **********************Osman Abdi **********************Ismail Abdi **********************Mohammed Abdi ***********************Sarar Mohamed ***********************Ahmed Mohamed **********'''Aden Abokor''' *************Awal Aden (Rer Cawl) **************Mahamoud Awal **************Hussien Awal **************Farah Awal **************Abdi Awal *************Hassan Aden **************Ziyad Hassan **************Odawa Hasaan **************Ladon Hassan **************Abdalle Hassan ***************Ali Abdalle ***************Abdi Abdalle ***************Ahmed Abdalle ****************Halas Ahmed (Rer Halas) ****************Egal Ahmed (Rer Egal) ****************Geedi Ahmed (Rer Gheedi) {{tree list/end}} ==Shacab caan ah== * Mahamoud Ismail Gabush – Is a scholar, an Air Force engineer, and a respected military leader * Mohamed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali instrumentalist, vocalist, and poet. * Mohamoud Guure Husien (Gaal-Eri) – Was a key Somali political figure who led the SNM office in France and was responsible for Somalia’s foreign strategic policy *Aden Mohamed Guhad (Aden Walli) – He was a Colonel and the Commander of Internal Security of the (SNM), noted for his strategic leadership. * Ahmed Mooge Liibaan – prominent Somali musician and singer * Suldan Aden S.Farah.S.Omar –Respected traditional holder * Ahmed Mohamed Diriye (Toorno) – Former Minister of Education and planning * Gen.Mohamed Osman Aalin (Dayib)– Father of Somaliland Immigration border * Aadan Mooge Hirsi– was a respected SNM freedom fighter and intellectuals * Suldan Osman Baane –traditional leader * Shiekh Harreed – Scholar and Religious leader * Hussein Mohamed Mohamoud – Former Minister of Health * Mohamed Badel – was a poet, politician, and university lecturer. * Abdishakur Roble Ali– is a senior military leader in Somaliland. * Nadir Yusuf – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Ethiopia * Abwan Harir Osman Guray – Well-known Somali peot * Almis Omar Zakrie – Activist and Politician * Ughaz Ali-Abdi – A revered clan elder (Ugaas) and highly respected traditional leader. * Yusuf Saeed Elmi – Poet and politician * Hussein Habane - is a Lieutenant in the Somaliland Coast Guard * Kol Ibrahim Koodbuur – Revered Somali SNM commander and freedom fighter, known for his unmatched courage and sacrifice in the struggle against dictatorship * Guled Bihi Abdi – Politician and Member for Federal Parliament of Somalia * Khalid Foodhaadhi – Multi-Award-Winnnig Journalist ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} 14r9yit7n5jgn7qgujvzvcz8nczf4e1 0 39859 305486 294831 2026-08-18T01:20:36Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|native_name=Axmed Maxamed Cali|birth_date=1966|birth_place=[[Kismaayo]]|death_date=9 agoosto [[2017]]|death_place=[[india]]|nationality=[[Soomaali]]|education=[[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]]|occupation=Madaxa [[Puntland TV iyo Radio]]|years active=[[2013]] - [[2014]]}} '''Axmed Maxamed Cali (Kismaayo)''' (1966 - 2017) waxa uu ahaa saxafi Soomaaliyeed oo ka soo shaqeeyay laanta afka soomaaliga [[BBC|ee BBCorporation]] intii u dhaxaysay [[1997]] ilaa [[2012]], ka dibna waxaa loo magacaabay agaasimaha [[Puntland TV iyo Radio|Puntland Tv iyo Radio]] markii la aasaasay Sanaddii [[2013]], xilkana wuxuu hayay ilaa [[2014]]. Wuxuu ku dhintay magaalada Hyderabad ee dalka [[India]] sanadkii [[2017|2017-kii]].<ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-40877048</ref><ref name=":1">https://puntlandmirror.net/journalist-ahmed-kismayo-dies-india/</ref><ref>https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2017/aug/wararka_maanta9-142304.htm</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/somalia-former-bbc-journalist-ahmed-kismayo-dies-in-india</ref> == Noloshiisii hore == Axmed Kismaayo waxa uu ku dhashay magaalada [[Kismaayo]] sanadku markuu ahaa [[1964]], waxbarashadiisa aas aasiga iyo sarena waxa uu ku dhameystay caasimadda Soomaaliya ee [[Muqdisho]], waxa uu shahaadada Heerka koowaad ee jaamacadda ka qaatay [[Jaamacadda Ummadda Soomaaliyeed]] sanadkii [[1990]], waxa uuna si fiican ugu hadli jiray luuqadaha [[Carabi]], [[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]] iyo [[Af-Ingiriisi|Ingiriisiga]]<ref>https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/masuuliyiin-iyo-wariyaal-ka-tacsiyeeyay-geerida-axmed-kismaayo-daawo</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.idilnews.com/2017/08/10/video-daawo-taariikh-nololeedkii-axmed-kismaayo-iyo-masuuliyiiin-fara-badan-oo-tacsi-ka-dirtay-geeridiisa/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-date=2021-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124003616/https://www.idilnews.com/2017/08/10/video-daawo-taariikh-nololeedkii-axmed-kismaayo-iyo-masuuliyiiin-fara-badan-oo-tacsi-ka-dirtay-geeridiisa/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Noloshiisa xirfadeed == Kadib markii uu shahaadadii saxaafadda ka qaatay Machadka Tababarka Saxaafadda ee wasaaraddii warfaafinta Soomaaliya, Waxaa uu shaqadii ugu horeysay ka billaabay idaacada muqdisho sanadkii [[1987]], halkaas oo uu ka shaqaynanay ilaa iyo burburkii xukuumaddii Siyaad Bare. Axmed waxaa uu ka mid ahaa boqol qof oo u qaxay magaalada Kismaayo, ka dibna markab ayuu u raacay magaalada mambaasa ee dalka keenya oo uu halkaas ku noolaa muddo afar sanno ku dhow, Dabayaaqadii 1994 ayuu Axmed ku soo laabtay dalka Soomaaliya, gaar ahaan magaalada Garoowe oo uu ku noolaa wixii xilligaas ka dambeeyey. Diseember 1994 ilaa 2001,Axmed-Kismaayo waxaa uu ahaa tifatiraha wargeyska Riyaaq oo ka soo bixi jirey Puntland, kaasoo ahaa wargeys caan ka noqday Puntland iyo meelo ka baxsan. Axmed waxaa uu wargeyska ku lagaa maqaalo taxane ah oo aan ka xasuusto, “danaha shisheeye iyo damiir la’aanta Soomaalida”, “Ilo-Garo Bidcada” iyo gorfeyn kale oo tiro badan. Sidoo kale Axmed waxaa uu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii wargeysa Riyaaq, oo ay ka mid ahaayeen, Muddane Saciid Xuseen Ciid, C/raxmaan Shiikhdoon, Maxamed Maxamuud(Gambool), Saciid Wayeel(Alaha u naxariisto) iyo rag kale.<ref name=":1" /> Muddo 12 sanno ayuu Axmed ahaa weriyaha idaacada BBC-da ee deegaanada Puntland(2002-2013)<ref name=":0" />. May 2013, ayaa Axmed Kismaayo loo magacaabay agaasimaha [[Puntland TV iyo Radio|Puntland Tv iyo Radio]] oo ahaa xilligaas ahaa agaasin madax bannan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://halgan.net/2013/05/axmed-kismaayo-oo-loo-magacaabay-agaasimaha-idaacada-iyo-tv-puntland/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-date=2015-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404221943/http://halgan.net/2013/05/axmed-kismaayo-oo-loo-magacaabay-agaasimaha-idaacada-iyo-tv-puntland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Agoosto 4-tii, 2014 ayaa Axmed Kismaayo xillkaas laga qaaday.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201408130471.html</ref> 25-kii Abriil 2016 ayaa Axmed Kismaayo loo doortay guddoomiya guddiga doorashooyinka madaxa bannan ee Puntland, hase yeeshee waxaa uu xilkaas iska casilay Nofeember 2016, arrimo la xiriiray caafimaadkiisa darteed.<ref>https://www.radiodalsan.com/wariye-axmed-kismaayo-oo-saakay-geeriyooday/</ref> 1995-1997, Axmed waxaa uu macalin ka ahaa dugsiga dhexe ee Al-waxah, oo ka mid ah dugsiyada ugu waaweyn Puntland. Waxaa kale oo uu Axmed masaajidyada ku akhrin jiray kutubta diiniga ah qaarkood, maadaama uu Axmed ka mid ahaa, dadkii wax ku bartay baraaruga dacwada.<ref name=":3" /> == Qoraaladiisa == * HOYGII SAMATABIXINTA <ref name=":2" /><ref>http://www.moepuntland.com/soo-bandhigii-buugaagta-ee-lagu-qabtay-wasaarada-waxbarashada-puntland/</ref> * Layliga suxufiga <ref>{{Cite book|last=Axmed Maxamed Cali|url=https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/SCSB-8885608|title=Layliga suxufiga : waxaa lagu daabacay garoowe|date=2017|publisher=Somalia: publisher not identified|edition=Daabacaada koowaad.|language=Somali}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |ciwaan=Nuqul Archive |url=https://salaanmedia.com/hargeysa-oo-xalay-lagu-soo-bandhigay-buug-loogu-magac-daray-layliga-suxufiga-iyo-ruugcadaayada-saxaafada-oo-ka-hadlay-muuqaal-2/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003112507/https://salaanmedia.com/hargeysa-oo-xalay-lagu-soo-bandhigay-buug-loogu-magac-daray-layliga-suxufiga-iyo-ruugcadaayada-saxaafada-oo-ka-hadlay-muuqaal-2/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Geeridiisa == 9-Kii Agoosto 2017, ayuu Axmed ku geeriyooday hoteel ku yaala magaalada Haydarabad ee dalka Hindiya oo uu muddo labo todobaad ah u joogay in qaliin looga sameeyo cunaha oo uu kaga dhacay cudurka kansarka.<ref>https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/wariye-axmed-kismaayo-oo-geeriyooday</ref><ref>https://mogtimes.com/articles/13727/War-Deg-Deg-Wariye-Axmed-Maxamed-Cali-Kismaayo-oo-Geeriyooday</ref><ref>https://mogtimes.com/articles/13727/War-Deg-Deg-Wariye-Axmed-Maxamed-Cali-Kismaayo-oo-Geeriyooday</ref><ref>https://goobjoog.com/2017/08/09/wariye-axmed-kismaayo-oo-geeriyoodey/</ref><ref>https://www.radiodalsan.com/wariye-axmed-kismaayo-oo-saakay-geeriyooday/</ref><ref>https://goobjoog.com/2017/08/09/wariye-axmed-kismaayo-oo-geeriyoodey/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.qaranimo.com/2017/08/09/wariye-axmed-kismaayo-oo-ku-geeriyooday-india/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |archive-date=2018-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125183804/http://www.qaranimo.com/2017/08/09/wariye-axmed-kismaayo-oo-ku-geeriyooday-india/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://puntlandpost.net/2017/08/09/madaxweynaha-puntland-oo-ka-tacsiyeeyey-geerida-marxuum-axmed-maxamed-cali-axmed-kismaayo/</ref> == Eeg == * [[Axmed Cawke|Axmed Xasan Cawki]] == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30NDd-r7zvo Taariikh Nololeedkii Wariye Axmed Maxamed Cali Kismaayo] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yoVC_-8yKb4 Khudbadii Axmed Kismaayo uu ka jeediyay munaasabada xil wareejinta Agaasimaha Idaacada iyo Telefishinka Puntland] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjrZ-gin82s Tacsi ay direen suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed geeridii ku timid Axmed Kismaayo] == Tixraac == <references /> b021rq108i0xynxlt0wj6oti6l56v2m 0 40939 305478 305474 2026-08-17T19:15:40Z ~2026-40195-67 46556 305478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''<big><u>BEESHA IIDLE BICIIDE (HABARJECLO)</u></big>''' Beesha Iidle Biciide waa beel ka tirsan Habar Jeclo Gaar ahaan Muuse Abokor. Waxa ay degaan degaano ka tirsan G.Sanaag. sida Ceel-Afweyn, Bixin, Biyo dhacay, Dhabar-Dalool, Suuf-Dheere iyo Ceerigabo. Waxa kaso jeeda beesha Siyaasiyiin, Saraakiil iyo cuqaal aad uga so dhex muuqday halgankii xornimo doonka somaliland. == Deegaannada ay degaan == Beesha Iidle Biciide waxaa lagu sheegaa inay degto deegaannadan: * Bixin * Suf-dheere * Biyo-dhacay * Garuuble * Dhabar-dalool * Ceel Afweyn * Ceerigaabo ■ '''IIDLE BICIIDE...''' == Jilibyada == Beesha Iidle Biciide waxay u kala baxdaa jilibyadan: * Rooble * Saalax * Wacays * Maxamed Cabdi * Xareed * Cabdulle Cabdi ■ <code>Reer Daahir</code> ■ <code>Reer Axmed</code> ■ <code>Reer Dhunkaall</code> == Dadka caanka ah == === MUJAAHIDIINTA === ● C/laahi Saalax Oogle ● Alyoos Jaamac Ducaale ● Yaasin Jaamac Ducaale PG ● Maxamed Cabdi Cabdulle === SIYAASIYIINTA === ● Siyaasi Ismaaciil Faarax Maxamed (DAD-QAL) Mid kamida Aasaasayaashi xisbigii UDUB ● Siyaasi Cismaan Faarax Maxamed (Hamasholl) ● Siyaasi Axmed Siciid Maxamed ( Godane) DG Agaasimaha Guud ee Ciyaara ● Xill-dhibaan Sahal Mire === MADAX DHAQAMEEDKA BEESHA === ● Chief Caaqil Faarax Maxamed Dhunkaall ● Cheif Caaqil Aadan cabdi ● Cheif Caaqil Cabdulle Cade ● Cheif Caaqil Cawl cabdulle nuur ● Caaqil Ismaaciil Aadan cabdi ● Caaqil Cali Axmed Weyrax ● Caaqil maxamed ismaaciil Aadan ● Caaqil Ismaaciil Axmed Weyrax ● Caaqil Cabdi cawl Cabdulle '''ODAYAASHA BEESHA''' ● Cawil Mire Rooble ● Maxamuud Faarax Maxamed (hurre) ● Cali Cismaan Faarax (Cali madoobe) ● Maxamed Siciid Maxamed ● Iiman Cabdi Cabdulle ● Aw salaad ● ismaaciil Xuseen Gabaydhe ( Baylood) ● Rashiid Faarax Maxamed ● Rashiid Gadhoodhsade ● Maxamed ciise ● Ibraahin Axmed Weyrax ● Xasan Caateeye Dhunkaall ● Goox cabdi ● Siciid Maxamed Aadan '''DHALINYARADA BEESHA''' ● Axmed Aadan 《GANACSADE 》 ● Yaasiin Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》 ● Maxamed Faarax Darawal 《GANACSADE》 ● Saleeban Cabdullahi Cawed 《DR 》 ●Mukhtaar Maxamed Saalax 《ENGINEER 》 ● Maxamed Faarax Cali 《DR 》 ● Axmed Maxamuud Faarax 《GANACSADE 》 ● Nuux Hadhweyne 《ENGINEER 》 ● Cabdisalaan Jaamac Ciise 《DR 》 ● Cawil Aadan Axmed 《GANACSADE 》 ● C/raxmaan xusen Aadan ● Maxamuud cilmi ● Mubaarik Ducaale Jaamac l0xdsz8zynx2i1pgon18cr1yth4nm4v 0 42686 305492 285365 2026-08-18T03:44:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Badhan | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type =[[Gobolada Somaliland|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Badhan District.svg | map_caption = | pushpin_map =Sanaag | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type2 = Gobolka | subdivision_name2 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Sanaag]] | seat_type = Caasimada | seat = [[Badhan|Badhan]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_total = 55000 | population_as_of = 2005 | population_footnotes = <ref name="docs.unocha.org">{{cite web |url=https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |title=Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft) |website=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|10|43|N|48|20|E|type:adm3rd_region:SO_dim:100000|display=title,inline}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = 2km² | website = | footnotes = }} '''Badhan District''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Badhan ) waa degmo ku taal gobolka [[Sanaag]] ee [[Somaliland]] Caasimadeeda waa [[Badhan]]. ==Tirakoobka dadweynaha== Degmada ayaa inta badan waxaa degan beesha Warsangali oo ka tirsan beelaha Harti Daarood oo ay ku badan yihiin beesha Cabbaas Muuse ee Surre Dir . ==Jadwalka waqtiga== Sannadkii 2005-tii, abaar ayaa ka dhacday gobolka Sanaag, gaar ahaan degmada Badhan. Doorashadii Madaxtooyada Somaliland ee 2010 , degmada Badhan waxay heshay 734 cod oo UDUB ah, KULMIYE 126, UCIDna 965 cod, wadar ahaan 1,825 cod. Tirada guud ee codadka laga dhiibtay guud ahaan Somaliland waxay noqotay 1,069,914. Bishii December 2013, mid ka mid ah musharixiinta u taagan xilka madaxtinimada Puntland ayaa booqasho ku tagay degmada Badhan. Musharaxa ayaa dowladda Puntland ku dhaliilay in aysan waxba ka qaban degmada Sanaag. Bishii May 2015, Wasaaradda Khayraadka Biyaha Somaliland ayaa mashruuc biyo gelin ah ka bilowday deegaanka Hadaaftimo ee degmada Badhan. Bishii Oktoobar 2015, guddoomiyeyaasha guddiga doorashooyinka Somaliland iyo qaar kale ayay Puntland ku xirtay degmada Badhan balse wax yar ka dib ayaa la sii daayay. Bishii Agoosto 2017, kaadhadhka codbixiyayaasha doorashada madaxtooyada Somaliland ayaa laga qaybiyey gobolka Sanaag oo keliya degmada Badhan; wax diwaangelin ah kama dhicin degmooyinka Laas-koorey iyo Dahar. Bishii Oktoobar 2017, degmada Badhan waxaa ka dhacay abaar baahsan. Bishii Ogosto 2018, Madaxweynaha Puntland ayaa kala diray Baarlamaanka Badhan. Bishii September 2018, wafdi uu hogaaminayo Madaxweynaha Puntland ayaa booqasho ku tagay degmada Badhan. Xukuumadda Somaliland waxay u aragtaa gobolka Sanaag oo ay ku jirto degmada Badhan inay tahay dhul Somaliland leedahay waxayna u aragta socdaalka madaxweynaha Puntland duullaan. Bishii March 2019, Laanta fulinta Badhan ee Somaliland waxay martigelisay dhawr askari oo ka soo baxsaday falaagada Somaliland. May 2019, Badhasaabkii Somaliland ee Badhan iyo qaar kale ayaa iscasilay oo u goostay Puntland. Ciidanka Somaliland ayaa markii ugu horreysay ka hadlay arrintan bishii Agoosto, waxayna sheegeen in "Askari ka tirsan Somaliland oo ka yimid degmada Badhan ay u goosteen Puntland, balse way diideen inay amar ka siiyaan ciidanka inkastoo mushaarkoodii la siiyay, aad baanu ugu mahadcelinaynaa inay ka baxeen." Askarta goosatay tan iyo bishii May ayaa lagu qiyaasay ilaa 1,000 askari. Bishii Sebtembar 2019, dawladda Puntland ayaa sarkaal u magacawday degmada Badhan. Haweeney ayaa loo doortay guddoomiye ku xigeen. Bishii Oktoobar 2019, cutubyo ka tirsan ciidamada Somaliland ee ku sugnaa degmada Badhan ayaa u goostay Puntland. January 2020, Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Puntland ayaa guddoomiyaha degmada Badhan u magacaabay Cabdiraxmaan Yuusuf Axmed. Bishii Febraayo 2020, ciidamada Somaliland ee Yubbe ayaa weerar ku qaaday ciidamada Puntland ee ku sugan Hadaftimo , waxaana ka dhashay dagaal. Bishii June 2020, israsaasayn dhex martay ciidamada Puntland ayaa ka dhacday garoonka diyaaradaha ee Badhan. Bishii Oktoobar 2020, Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Puntland ayaa shan xubnood oo cusub u magacawday baarlamaanka Badhan, taasoo tirada guud ka dhigaysa 33. Mudaaharaad ayaa ka dhacay Badhan. Bishii Oktoobar 2020, askar ka tirsan Puntland, oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka goostay Somaliland May 2019, ayaa u goostay Somaliland. January 2021, Gudoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada Puntland ayaa booqday Badhan. Xilligan Puntland waxa ay hogaaminaysay ciidan qayb ka ah, kuwaas oo la kala diray oo bedelay ciidankii Badhan. Taas oo meesha ka saartay dhammaan raadkii Somaliland. March 2021 Xildhibaan ka tirsan Baarlamaanka Puntland oo u matali lahaa degmada Dhahar ayaa ku dhintay shil gaari isagoo ka soo ambabaxay magaalada Badhan kuna sii jeeday Mindigale . March 2021, Ciidanka Puntland ayaa tababar ciidan ku qabtay degmada Badhan. March 2021, Puntland ayaa ku dhawaaqday in 15-ka March ay ka bilaabayso canshuur ururinta degmada Badhan, sidoo kale waxay mamnuucday in gobolka Sanaag ay maraan gaadiidka aan ku qornayn lambarrada Puntland. Bishii Nofeembar 2021, Puntland waxay jabisay xabsi cusub oo ku yaal degmada Badhan. January 2022, Shirweynihii 13-aad ee Badhan ayaa lagu xiray amar ka soo baxay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Puntland. Bishii Oktoobar 2022, nin dhallinyaro ah ayaa simbiriirixday oo ku xannibmay meel miinada laga qodo oo ku taal Milho, degmada Badhan. May 2023, waxaa ku guuleystay doorashadii deegaanka ee Badhan iyo xisbiga Kaah oo uu ka tirsan yahay madaxweynaha Puntland. August 2023, todobada xisbi siyaasadeed ee Puntland ayaa shir isugu yimid, waxayna ku heshiiyeen in la dhiso maamulka degmada Badhan ee gobolka Sanaag 30ka Agoosto, 2023. Xafladda aas aaska waxaa goob joog ka ahaa guddoomiyaha golaha wakiilada Puntland iyo xubno kale. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland]] [[Gobolada Somaliland]] [[Degmooyinka Somaliland]] [[Xuduuda Puntland iyo Waqooyibari]] ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203029/https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Somalia/UNDP-POP-RURAL-URBAN%202005.pdf "Gobollada, degmooyinka, iyo dadkooda: Soomaaliya 2005 (qabyo)"] [https://www.islamic-relief.org/life-on-the-edge-in-drought-stricken-somaliland/ "Nolosha Geeska Abaaruhu Ku Dhufteen Somaliland | Islamic Relief Worldwide"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.islamic-relief.org/life-on-the-edge-in-drought-stricken-somaliland/ |date=20220628101613 }} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=-mTCzb-v8RQ&list=PLZrZ0S45S19_ySWjqqf4b_NCUKhUJp9E9&index=155 "Ugaaska Beesha Cabaas Muuse Surre Dir Oo Lagu Caleemo Saaray Badhan - Sanaag - YouTube"] [https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2013/Dec/wararka_maanta6%20-44388.htm?fb_comment_id=741798199180980_101152521 "Ololaha musharraxiinta oo si xooggan uga socda Puntland iyo Musharrax Shire Xaaji oo booqday degmada Badhan"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-41773206 "Barakacayaal ku sugan duuleedka dagmada Badhan oo xaaladooda laga deyrinayo"] [https://puntlandpost.net/2018/09/19/degmada-badhan-oo-u-dhaqaaqday-madaxweynaha-puntland/ "DEGMADA BADHAN OO U DHAQAAQDAY MADAXWEYNAHA PUNTLAND"] [https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/gudoomiyihii-somaliland-ee-badhan-oo-is-casilay-kuna-biiray-puntland "Gudoomiyihii Somaliland ee Badhan oo "is-casilay" kuna biiray Puntland"] [https://berberatoday.com/2019/03/16/66431/ "DAAWO MUUQALKA"CIIDAMO KASOO GOOSTAY JABHADA CAARE OO LAGU SOO DHAWEEYAY MAGAALADA BADHAN"] [https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/gudoomiyihii-somaliland-ee-badhan-oo-is-casilay-kuna-biiray-puntland "Gudoomiyihii Somaliland ee Badhan oo "is-casilay" kuna biiray Puntland"] [https://muqdisho.online/ciidamo-ka-tirsan-somaliland-oo-ku-biiray-maamulka-puntland/ "Ciidamo Ka Tirsan Somaliland Oo Ku Biiray Maamulka Puntland"] {{Wayback|url=https://muqdisho.online/ciidamo-ka-tirsan-somaliland-oo-ku-biiray-maamulka-puntland/ |date=20240104121547 }} [https://halgan.net/2020/01/wasiirka-arrimaha-gudaha-puntland-oo-magacaabay-xoghayaha-dowladda-hoose-ee-degmada-badhan/ "Wasiirka arrimaha gudaha Puntland oo magacaabay xoghayaha dowladda Hoose ee degmada Badhan"] {{Wayback|url=https://halgan.net/2020/01/wasiirka-arrimaha-gudaha-puntland-oo-magacaabay-xoghayaha-dowladda-hoose-ee-degmada-badhan/ |date=20250426230824 }} [https://puntlandpost.net/2020/06/26/dagaal-ka-dhacay-garoonka-diyaaradaha-degmada-badhan/ "DAGAAL KA DHACAY GAROONKA DIYAARADAHA DEGMADA BADHAN"] [https://goobjoog.com/2021/03/10/maamulka-puntland-oo-amar-dul-dhigay-gaadiidleyda-gobalka-sanaag/ "Maamulka Puntland Oo Amar Dul Dhigay Gaadiidleyda Gobalka Sanaag"] [https://www.garoweonline.com/en/news/puntland/dhaqangalka-xubno-loo-dhaariyey-gole-degaan-oo-la-hakiyey "Dhaqangalka xubno loo dhaariyey gole degaan oo la hakiyey"] [https://horseedmedia.net/degmada-badhan-oo-yeelatey-maamulkii-u-horeeyey-ee-shacabku-soo-doortey-382134 "Degmada Badhan oo yeelatey maamulkii u horeeyey ee shacabku soo doortey"] [https://horseedmedia.net/degmada-badhan-oo-noqotey-magaalada-ugu-horeysa-ee-golihii-la-doortey-loo-dhisaayo-382076 "Degmada Badhan oo noqotey magaalada ugu horeysa ee golihii la doortey loo dhisaayo"] 9cxrhkvpw7hcigi77wvqb72t9fxcitt 0 42688 305493 304506 2026-08-18T03:51:59Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Degmada Dhahar | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland|Degmo]] | motto = | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_map = Dhahar District.svg | map_caption = Degmadda Dhahar ee Sanaag, Soomaaliya | pushpin_map =Somaliland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | subdivision_type = Wadanka | subdivision_name = {{flag|Somaliland}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Gobolada Somaliland|Gobolka]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Sanaag]] | subdivision_type2 = Caasimada | subdivision_name2 = [[Dhahar]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[East Africa Time|EAT]] | utc_offset = +3 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates ={{coord|9.74797|48.81992|region:SO|display=it}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = | name = }} '''Dhahar District''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Degmada Dhahar) waa degmo maamul oo ku taalla gobolka [[Sanaag]]. Qaybaha maamulka [[Somaliland]], waa degmo C-Class ah sida ku cad xeerka dawladaha hoose ee 2019. Dhinaca maamulka Puntland, degmadu waa xarunta gobolka Haylaan ==Taariikhda dhow== Bishii April 2012 ayay ahayd markii ciidamada Somaliland ee ku sugan degmada Dhahar ay markii ugu horeysay mushaarka askartooda ku bixiyeen shilinka Somaliland , iyadoo markii hore lagu qaadan jiray lacag shilin Soomaali ah . Bishii Luulyo 2015, waxaa magaalada Dhahar ka dhacay tartan aqooneed wakiillo ka socday lix goobood oo ka tirsan degmada Dhahar, waxaana kaalinta koowaad galay xaafadda Horseed, kaalinta labaadna waxaa galay Hodman, halka kaalinta saddexaad ay gashay deegaanka New Dhahar. Bishii May 2018, ciidamada Puntland ayaa ka baxay tuulada Af Urur oo ka tirsan degmada Dhahar, iyadoo bishii June ee sanadkan 2019 ay maleeshiyada Al-Shabaab la wareegeen tuuladaasi. Bishii Febraayo 2020, dhismuhu wuxuu bilaabay 1.5 kiiloomitir ee ugu horreeyay waddada laamiga ah ee degmada Dhahar. Bishii Maarso 2021, ciidamada Puntland waxay rasaas nool u adeegsadeen dibadbaxayaal taageersan dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya oo ka dhacay degmada Dhahar. Dowladda Federaalka ayaa cambaareysay falka Puntland. June 2022, shir ka dhacay magaalada Ceerigaabo oo ay Somaliland si hufan u maamusho, ayaa lagu go’aamiyay in beesha Warsangali ay si buuxda uga mid tahay bulshada Somaliland [ 8 ] iyo in xukuumadda Somaliland ay degmada Dhahar ka dhigi doonto gobol. Bishii Oktoobar 2022, wasiirka horumarinta reer miyiga Puntland ayaa booqday Dhahar. Wararka ayaa sheegaya in Dhahar ay maamusho Puntland, waxaana fariisin u ah ciidamada Puntland. Bishii February 2023, dawladda Somaliland waxay ku eedaysay dawladda Puntland inay dadka deggan Dhahar ku khasabtay inay ka qaybgalaan doorashada Puntland. Bishii Sebtembar 2023, xildhibaanada baarlamaanka Puntland ee laga soo doortay magaalada Dhahar ayaa ku dhaliilay xisbiyada Puntland inaysan ku lug lahayn heshiisyadii ay wada galeen, iyagoo ku andacoonaya in taasi ay dib u dhac ku keeni doonto hannaanka dimoqraadiyadda Puntland. ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Qaybaha maamulka Somaliland]] [[Gobolada Somaliland]] [[Degmooyinka Somaliland]] [[Xuduuda Puntland iyo Waqooyibari]] ==Tixraac== [http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Xeerka__wkb__Gobolada_iyo_Degmooyinka_2019SLLaw.pdf "Wax-ka-beddelka iyo Kaabista Xeerka Ismaamulka Gobollada iyo Degmooyinka, Xeer Lr. 23/2019"] [http://www.puntlandes.com/?p=56030 "Madaxweynaha Puntland & Wefti uu Hogaaminayo oo Si Diiran Loogu Soo Dhoweeyey Magaalada Dhahar"] [http://www.qurbejoog.com/ciidamada-somaliland-ee-degmeda-dhahar-oo-markii-u-horeysay-musharadooda-ku-qaatay-sl-shiling/ "Ciidamada Somaliland ee degmeda Dhahar oo markii hore Musharadooda ku qaatay SL Shiling"] [https://halgan.net/2015/07/tartan-aqooneed-loo-qabtay-ilaa-6-xaafadood-ee-degmada-dhahar-oo-la-soo-afmeeray-masawiro/ "Tartan aqooneed loo qabtay ilaa 6 xaafadood ee degmada Dhahar oo la soo afmeeray"] {{Wayback|url=https://halgan.net/2015/07/tartan-aqooneed-loo-qabtay-ilaa-6-xaafadood-ee-degmada-dhahar-oo-la-soo-afmeeray-masawiro/ |date=20231003111853 }} [https://warsom.com/wararka/2019/06/deegaanka-af-urur-ee-degmada-dhahar-oo-ciidamo-al-shabaab-kamid-ahi-la-wareegeen/ "Deegaanka Af Urur ee Degmada Dhahar oo Ciidamo ka tirsan Al-shabaab Kamid ah La Wareegeen"] [https://goobjoog.com/dhahar-oo-markii-ugu-horreysay-laga-hirgalinayo-waddo-laami-ah/ "Dhahar oo Markii Ugu Horreysay Laga Hirgalinayo Waddo Laami ah"] [https://www.somaliland.com/news/featured-news/somalia-federal-government-alleges-puntland-forces-used-live-ammunition-on-protestors-in-dhahar-region/ "Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya Oo Sheegtay In Ciidamada Puntland Ay Rasaas Nool U Adeegsadeen Dibad-baxayaasha Gobolka Dhahar"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.somaliland.com/news/featured-news/somalia-federal-government-alleges-puntland-forces-used-live-ammunition-on-protestors-in-dhahar-region/ |date=20231003112038 }} [https://www.berberanews.net/2022/06/15/qodobadda-heshiis-dhexmaray-somaliland-iyo-beesha-warsangeli/ "Qodobadda heshiis dhexmaray Somaliland iyo Beesha Warsangeli"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.berberanews.net/2022/06/15/qodobadda-heshiis-dhexmaray-somaliland-iyo-beesha-warsangeli/ |date=20231003112117 }} [https://www.hiiraan.com/news/2022/jun/wararka_maanta16-181562.htm " Xukuumaddaa Somaliland iyo madax-dhaqameedka bariga Sanaag oo heshiis gaadhay"] [https://mogtimes.com/articles/57201/Somaliland-oo-Puntland-uga-digtay-in-ay-diwaangalin-ka-samayso-Dhahar "Somaliland oo Puntland uga digtey in ay diwaangalin ka samaynayso Dhahar"] ia8mwkmraeydvf979skbc9sclquq65i 0 42860 305528 284487 2026-08-18T10:08:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Paolla Oliveira | image = Paolla Oliveira.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Oliveira sanadka 2018 | birth_name = Caroline Paola Oliveira da Silva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|04|14}} | birth_place = [[São Paulo]], Brazil | partner =<!--NOTE: Parameter is not unmarried/long-term life partners. Not a dating history. It must also be reliable sourced.--> | occupation = Jilaa | yearsactive = 1999–Hada }} '''Caroline Paola Oliveira da Silva''' (waxay dhalatay 14 Abriil 1982), oo loo yaqaan xirfad ahaan Paolla Oliveira , waa jilaa reer Brazil ah. ==Taariikh nololeedka== Paolla Oliveira waxa uu ku dhashay São Paulo . Aabaheed waa bilays milatari oo shaqada ka fadhiistay halka hooyadeed ay tahay naag guri. Paolla Oliveira waxay bilawday inay u shaqeyso moodel ahaan markay ahayd 16 sano jir, laakiin ugu dambeyntii waxay noqotay atariisho ka dib markii ay dhamaysatay barashada fanka isla wakhtigaas waxay ka qalin jabisay jimicsiga jimicsiga ee Cruzeiro do Sul University. Iyadu waxay ka soo jeedaa Portuguese, Talyaani iyo Isbaanish. [[File:Nathalia_Dill,_Paolla_Oliveira_e_Paula_Burlamaqui.jpg|Iyadoo Nathalia Dill iyo atariishada Paula Burlamaqui ee 2018]] ==Xirfad== Ka dib markii ay xiddig ku samaysay xayeysiisyo dhowr ah oo telefishan ah, waxay ka qayb qaadatay Diiwaanka TV-ga ee telenovela Metamorphoses ee 2004, iyo sanadka soo socda, waxay ku biirtay jilayaasha TV Globo telenovela Belíssima , halkaas oo ay ku ciyaartay doorka "Giovana". Caannimada ay ku leedahay Belíssima awgeed, 2005, waxaa lagu casuumay shaqaalaha wax soo saarka ee O Profeta si ay u ciyaarto doorka hogaanka telenovela ee Sônia. 2007, waxay ku ciyaartay doorka Renata ee TV Globo dhamaadka sanadka khaaska ah Os Amadores , iyo bishii Maarso 2008, waxaa loo shaqaaleysiiyay inay ka ciyaarto doorka ciyaartoyga tennis-ka Letícia ee Ciranda de Pedra , oo ah telenovela oo la dejiyay 1950-meeyadii. Dabeecaddeeda dhiirigelineed waa ciyaaryahan tennis-ka Brazil Maria Esther Bueno Paolla Oliveira waxa ay wax ka jishay filimka muuqaalka ah ee Entre Lençóis . Duubista Filimkan waxa ay bilaabatay May 2008​​​​​ ​Lammaaneheeda wuxuu ahaa Átila Amaral Waxay ku ciyaartay doorka hogaaminta ee Marina gudaha Insensato Coração sanadkii 2011 Paolla Oliveira waxa ay u jishay Paloma ee 2013 Rede Globo telenovela Amor à Vida Waxay ku ciyaartay 2015 villain Melissa telenovela Além do Tempo Paolla Oliveira wuxuu ciyaaraa jilaa Jeiza, oo ah sarkaal bilays ah iyo xiisaha jacaylka Marco Pigossi ee 2017 telenovela A Força do Querer . ==Filmography== ===Telefishanka=== {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Ciwaanka !! Doorka !! Xusuusin |- |1999 |''Passa ou Repassa'' |Stage Assistant<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purepeople |title=Paolla Oliveira estreou na TV no 'Passa ou Repassa', em 1999, game exibido pelo SBT - Foto |url=https://www.purepeople.com.br/midia/paolla-oliveira-estreou-na-tv-no-passa_m1056292 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=www.purepeople.com.br}}</ref> | |- |2001 |''Curtindo uma Viagem'' |Stage Assistant<ref>{{Cite web |last=REDAÇÃO |date=2021-06-13 |title=SBT resgata passado de Paolla Oliveira e bota atriz para correr de 'torta na cara' |url=https://noticiasdatv.uol.com.br/noticia/televisao/sbt-resgata-passado-de-paolla-oliveira-e-bota-atriz-para-correr-de-torta-na-cara-59305 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Notícias da TV |language=pt-BR}}</ref> | |- | 2004 || ''Metamorphoses'' || Stela Fontes Taylor || |- | rowspan="2" |2005 |''[[Malhação]]'' |Queen Bee |Episode: "15 September" |- | ''[[Belíssima]]'' || Giovana Güney Sabatini || |- | 2006 || ''[[O Profeta]]'' || Sônia Carvalho de Oliveira || Lead role |- | 2007 || ''[[Os Amadores]]'' || Renata ||Episode: "21 December" |- | rowspan="3" | 2008 || ''[[Faça Sua História]]'' || Georgette ||Episode: "A Falta Que Ela Me Faz" |- |''[[Casos e Acasos]]''|| Verônica ||Episode: "O Papai Noel, a Perna e o Presépio" |- | ''Ciranda de Pedra'' || Letícia Garcia Cassini || Contigo! Awards for Best Co-starring Actress<ref>{{cite web |url=http://contigo.abril.com.br/famosos/paola-oliveira/atriz/vida |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218083920/http://contigo.abril.com.br/famosos/paola-oliveira/atriz/vida |archive-date=December 18, 2010 |title=Vida — Paola Oliveira — Famosos — Contigo! |access-date=March 22, 2016 |language=pt |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2009 || ''[[Cama de Gato]]'' || Verônica Tardivo Brandão || Antagonist |- |''[[Dança dos Famosos]]'' |Contestant |[[Dança dos Famosos season 6|Season 6]], 1st place |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 || ''[[As Cariocas]]'' || Clarissa || Episode: "A Atormentada da Tijuca" |- |''Afinal, o Querem as Mulheres?''|| Lívia Monteiro || Lead role <br /> Contigo! Television Awards for Best Actress in a Series or miniseries |- |rowspan="2"| 2011 || ''[[Insensato Coração]]'' || Marina Drumond Brandão || Lead role <br /> Contigo! Television Awards for Best Actress in a Telenovela<ref>{{cite web|url=http://televisao.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/2011/05/18/remake-de-ti-ti-ti-e-o-grande-campeao-do-13-premio-contigo-de-tv.jhtm|title=Remake de "Ti-Ti-Ti" é o grande campeão do "13º Prêmio Contigo de TV""|access-date=March 22, 2016|website=Televisao|language=pt}}</ref> |- | ''[[Malhação]]'' || Herself ||Episode: "5 September" |- | 2012 || ''[[Tapas & Beijos]]'' || Celeste||Episode: "A Prima de Sueli" |- | 2013 || ''[[Amor à Vida]]'' || Paloma Rodriguez Khoury Araújo || Lead role <br /> Nominated–Extra de Televisão Award for Best Actress<ref>{{cite web|url=http://extra.globo.com/tv-e-lazer/premio-extra-tv/premio-extra-de-tv-2013-vote-nos-melhores-da-televisao-9952363.html?exibirFormulario=true|title=Vote no Prêmio Extra de TV de 2013|access-date=March 22, 2015|website=Extra Globo|date=February 7, 2014 |language=pt}}</ref> <br /> Nominated–Retrospectiva Award for Best Romantic Couple with [[Malvino Salvador]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://noticias.bol.uol.com.br/enquetes/grupo/2013/12/02/retrospectiva-eleja-os-melhores-de-2013.htm|title=Retrospectiva: Vote nos melhores de 2013|access-date=March 22, 2016|website=Noticias|language=pt}}</ref> <br /> Nominated–Melhores do Ano Natelinha Award for Best Actress<ref>{{cite web|url=http://natelinha.ne10.uol.com.br/melhoresdoano2013.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122084741/http://natelinha.ne10.uol.com.br/melhoresdoano2013.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 22, 2013|title=Melhores do Ano NaTelinha": Vote e eleja os destaques de 2013 na televisão|access-date=March 22, 2016|website=Natelinha|language=pt}}</ref> <br /> Won–Melhores do Ano for Best Actress<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gshow.globo.com/programas/domingao-do-faustao/melhores-do-ano/noticia/2014/01/quer-conhecer-os-indicados-ao-melhores-do-ano-clique-e-mate-a-curiosidade.html|title=Quer conhecer os indicados ao Melhores do Ano? Mate a curiosidade!|access-date=March 22, 2016|website=Gshow Globo|language=pt}}</ref> <br /> Nominated–Troféu Internet Award for Best Actress<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diversao.terra.com.br/tv/primeira-fase-da-votacao-do-trofeu-internet-do-sbt-termina-sabado-no-terra,25196e2449003410VgnVCM10000098cceb0aRCRD.html|title=Primeira fase da votação do Troféu Internet do SBT termina sábado|access-date=March 22, 2016|website=Diversao|language=pt}}</ref> <br /> Nominated–Minha Novelas Award for Best Actress <br /> Nominated–Contigo Awards for Best Actress |- | rowspan="4" | 2015 || ''[[Felizes para Sempre?]]'' || Denise / Simone || Lead role <br /> Nominated–Melhores do Ano Awards for Best Actress in a Series or Miniseries<ref>{{cite web|url=http://diversao.terra.com.br/tv/programas/tata-werneck-e-luan-santana-vencem-melhores-do-ano-confira,71480a6fdbcc4410VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html|title=M. Solano, Tatá Werneck: veja vencedores do Melhores do Ano|access-date=March 22, 2016|website=Diversao|language=pt}}</ref> |- |''[[Fantástico]]'' |Reporter |Segment: "Como Manda o Figurino" |- | ''[[Além do Tempo]]'' || Melissa Borghini / Santarém || Antagonist |- |''[[Mister Brau]]'' |Herself<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-08 |title=Grazi Massafera, Alinne Moraes e Paolla Oliveira aparecem sensuais em 'Mister Brau' |url=https://gshow.globo.com/tv/noticia/2015/12/grazi-massafera-alinne-moraes-e-paolla-oliveira-aparecem-sensuais-em-mister-brau.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=tv |language=pt-br}}</ref> |Episode: "8 December" |- | 2016 || ''[[Haja Coração]]'' || Protester || Episode: "8 November" |- | 2017 | ''[[A Força do Querer]]''|| Jeiza Nascimento Rocha || Lead role |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | ''[[Assédio]]''|| Carolina Malfatti<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-07 |title=Paolla Oliveira fala sobre o desafio de interpretar a amante de Roger Sadala em 'Assédio' |url=https://gshow.globo.com/series/assedio/noticia/paolla-oliveira-fala-sobre-o-desafio-de-interpretar-a-amante-de-roger-sadala-em-assedio.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref>|| |- |''Festeja Brasil'' |Presenter |End year special |- |''Caldeirão de Ouro'' |Presenter<ref>{{Cite web |last=aadachi |date=2020-01-04 |title=Paulo Gustavo e Paolla Oliveira comandam 'Caldeirão de Ouro' |url=https://www.marciapiovesan.com.br/tv/paulo-gustavo-e-paolla-oliveira-comandam-caldeirao-de-ouro.phtml |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Márcia Piovesan |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |End year special |- | 2019 | ''[[A Dona do Pedaço]]''|| Virgínia Ramirez / Virgínia "Vivi" Guedes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/televisao/2019/05/paolla-oliveira-vivera-influenciadora-em-novela-e-critica-quem-so-fica-nas-redes-gosto-de-viver.shtml|title=Paolla Oliveira viverá influenciadora em novela e critica quem só fica nas redes: 'Gosto de viver'|access-date=May 31, 2019|website=F5|date=May 4, 2019|language=pt}}</ref> || |- |2021 |''[[Dança dos Famosos|Super Dança dos Famosos]]'' |Contestant |[[Dança dos Famosos season 18|Season 18]], 1st place |- | 2022 | ''[[Cara e Coragem]]''|| Patrícia "Pat" Lima || Lead role |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Falas Femininas'' |Presenter<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oliveira |first=Muka |date=2024-02-23 |title=Paolla Oliveira e Taís Araújo apresentam o especial Falas Femininas |url=https://observatoriodatv.com.br/noticias/paolla-oliveira-e-tais-araujo-apresentam-o-especial-falas-femininas |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=observatoriodatv.com.br |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |Episode: "Louca" |- |''[[Encantado's]]'' |Valesca Araújo<ref>{{Cite news |title=Paolla Oliveira interpreta uma apresentadora de TV na nova temporada de 'Encantado's' |url=https://extra.globo.com/blogs/telinha/post/2024/03/paolla-oliveira-interpreta-uma-apresentadora-de-tv-na-nova-temporada-de-encantados.ghtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726195324/https://extra.globo.com/blogs/telinha/post/2024/03/paolla-oliveira-interpreta-uma-apresentadora-de-tv-na-nova-temporada-de-encantados.ghtml |archive-date=July 26, 2024 |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=extra |language=pt-BR |url-status=live }}</ref> |Episode: ""Delírio Sensual, Arco-Íris De Prazer" |- |''[[Justiça|Justiça 2]]'' |Jordana Juarez<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Guilherme |date=2023-03-05 |title=Paolla Oliveira assume papel de vilã em Justiça 2 |url=https://mixme.com.br/paolla-oliveira-assume-papel-de-vila-em-justica-2/ |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=MIX ME |language=pt-BR |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312224609/https://mixme.com.br/paolla-oliveira-assume-papel-de-vila-em-justica-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |2025 |''[[Vale Tudo (2025 TV series)|Vale Tudo]]'' |Helena "Heleninha" Almeida Roitman <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marques |first=Jovi |date=2024-09-14 |title=Paolla Oliveira deve ser Heleninha Roitman em remake de "Vale Tudo" |url=https://www.papelpop.com/2024/09/paolla-oliveira-deve-ser-heleninha-roitman-em-remake-de-vale-tudo/ |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=PAPELPOP |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-14 |title=Outro Canal: Com acordo encaminhado, Paolla Oliveira deve viver Heleninha Roitman em 'Vale Tudo' |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/colunistas/outro-canal/2024/09/com-acordo-encaminhado-paolla-oliveira-deve-viver-heleninha-roitman-em-vale-tudo.shtml |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=F5 |language=pt-BR}}</ref> | |} === Film === {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka !! Ciwaanka !! Doorka !! Xusuusin |- |rowspan=2|2007 || ''Envie aos Palhaços'' || Olivia || |- |''Noite Fria'' || María || |- | rowspan="2" | 2008 || ''Rinha'' || Pillar|| |- | ''Entre Lençóis''|| Paula || Lead role |- |2009 |''Budapeste''|| "Aquela"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Budapeste - Trailers, Imagens, Sinopse, Criticas... {{!}} AdoroCinema - Filmes |url=http://www.adorocinema.com/filmes/budapeste/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227043412/http://www.adorocinema.com/filmes/budapeste/ |archive-date=February 27, 2012 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=[[AdoroCinema]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>|| |- |2010 |''Eu e Meu Guarda-Chuva'' |Adult Frida<ref>{{Cite web |last=odia |title=Paola Oliveira interpreta aeromoça em 'Eu e Meu Guarda-Chuva' |url=https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/entre-telas/paola-oliveira-interpreta-aeromoca-em-eu-e-meu-guarda-chuva,6008ab4521b7a310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Terra |language=pt-BR}}</ref> | |- |2011 || ''Uma Professora Muito Maluquinha''|| Catarina Roque "Cate"|| Lead role |- | 2012 || ''Trinta'' ||Zeni Pamplona Penharol|| |- |rowspan="3"| 2014 || ''A Verdadeira História da ROTA'' || Herself<ref>{{cite web|url = http://virgula.uol.com.br/diversao/cinema/com-oscar-magrini-e-paola-oliveira-filme-sobre-rota-ataca-direitos-humanos/|title = Com Oscar Magrini e Paola Oliveira, filme sobre a Rota ataca direitos humanos|date = June 27, 2014|access-date = April 8, 2017|publisher = Virgula|language = pt|archive-date = December 23, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151223190557/http://virgula.uol.com.br/diversao/cinema/com-oscar-magrini-e-paola-oliveira-filme-sobre-rota-ataca-direitos-humanos/|url-status = dead}}</ref> ||Documentary |- |''[[Beauty and the Beast (2014 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' || Belle || Brazilian Portuguese dub, voice role |- | ''Para Sempre Teu Caio F.'' || Herself <ref>[http://odia.ig.com.br/diversao/2014-10-06/documentario-para-sempre-teu-caio-f-traz-elenco-com-76-atores.html Documentário 'Para Sempre Teu, Caio F.' traz elenco com 76 atores]</ref> ||Documentary |- |2015 |''O Estranho'' |Woman |Short-film |- |2016 | ''Em Nome da Lei'' || Alice <ref>[http://globofilmes.globo.com/filme/em-nome-da-lei/ Em Nome da Lei – Globo Filmes]</ref> || |- | rowspan="4" |2017 | ''3000 dias no Bunker''<ref>[http://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/diversao-e-arte/2016/03/31/interna_diversao_arte,525095/paolla-oliveira-grava-filme-em-brasilia.shtml Paolla Oliveira grava filme em Brasília]</ref> | | |- |''Real - O Plano Por Trás da História'' |Renata<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paula' |first='Alexandre de |date=2016-03-31 |title=Paolla Oliveira grava filme em Brasília |url=https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/diversao-e-arte/2016/03/31/interna_diversao_arte,525095/paolla-oliveira-grava-filme-em-brasilia.shtml |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Acervo |language=pt-BR}}</ref> | |- |''[[Lino: An Adventure of Seven Lives]]'' |Patty<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.adorocinema.com/filmes/filme-251594/creditos/ |title=Todo o elenco do filme Lino - Uma Aventura de Sete Vidas |last=AdoroCinema |language=pt-BR |access-date=2025-02-23 |via=www.adorocinema.com}}</ref> |Voice role, original voice |- |''Alguém Como Eu'' |Helena<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mulheres {{!}} Protagonizado por Paolla Oliveira e Ricardo Pereira, tem suas filmagens em andamento no Rio |url=http://www.cinemasim.com.br/mulheres-protagonizado-por-paolla-oliveira-e-ricardo-pereira-tem-suas-filmagens-em-andamento-no-rio/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815162148/http://www.cinemasim.com.br/mulheres-protagonizado-por-paolla-oliveira-e-ricardo-pereira-tem-suas-filmagens-em-andamento-no-rio/ |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Cinema Sim |language=pt-BR |url-status=live }}</ref> | |- |2018 |''[[Bumblebee (film)|Bumblebee]]'' |Shatter |Brazilian Portuguese dub, voice role |- |2021 |''Dente por Dente'' |Joana<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-28 |title=Dente Por Dente |url=https://globofilmes.globo.com/filmografia/suspense/filme/dente-por-dente.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=globofilmes |language=pt-br}}</ref> | |- |2022 |''Papai é Pop'' |Elisa<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ribeiro |first=Pedro Henrique |date=2022-08-10 |title=Amoroso, Papai é Pop dialoga com todo mundo e leva espectador à reflexão |url=https://www.omelete.com.br/filmes/criticas/papai-e-pop-critica |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=Omelete |language=pt-br}}</ref> | |} ===Muuqaal Muusikada=== {| class="wikitable" !Sannadka !Ciwaanka !Fanaanada |- |2015 |"Somente Nela" |[[Paulinho Moska]]<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gshow |first1=Bruno LevinsonDo |last2=Rio |title=Paolla Oliveira e outras musas sensualizam em clipe de Moska |url=https://gshow.globo.com/musica/no-tom/noticia/2015/02/paolla-oliveira-e-outras-musas-sensualizam-em-clipe-de-moska.html |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=GSHOW |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Mulher Feita" |Projota<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-05 |title=Paolla Oliveira fala sobre figura feminina no clipe de Projota: 'Uma mulher que tem a simplicidade como força' |url=https://gshow.globo.com/cultura-pop/famosos/noticia/paolla-oliveira-fala-sobre-figura-feminina-no-clipe-de-projota-uma-mulher-que-tem-a-simplicidade-como-forca.ghtml |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=gshow |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |2021 |"Flor de Caña" |[[Diogo Nogueira]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-15 |title=Paolla Oliveira e Diogo Nogueira lançam clipe de música no Fantástico |url=https://www.oliberal.com/cultura/paolla-oliveira-e-diogo-nogueira-lancam-clipe-de-musica-no-fantastico-1.460014 |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=O Liberal |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |} ==Abaalmarinta iyo magacaabista== {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka ! Qaybta ! la magacaabay ! Natiijada ! Tixraac. |- | 2006 | Best Actress Revelation | {{center|''[[Belíssima]]''}} | {{nom}} | |- | 2013 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Amor à Vida]]''}} | {{won}} |<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=M. Solano, Tatá Werneck: veja vencedores do Melhores do Ano |url=http://diversao.terra.com.br/tv/programas/tata-werneck-e-luan-santana-vencem-melhores-do-ano-confira,71480a6fdbcc4410VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406000555/http://diversao.terra.com.br/tv/programas/tata-werneck-e-luan-santana-vencem-melhores-do-ano-confira,71480a6fdbcc4410VgnVCM20000099cceb0aRCRD.html |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |access-date=2025-04-24 |work=Terra |language=pt-BR |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Quer conhecer os indicados ao Melhores do Ano? Mate a curiosidade! |url=https://gshow.globo.com/programas/domingao-do-faustao/melhores-do-ano/noticia/2014/01/quer-conhecer-os-indicados-ao-melhores-do-ano-clique-e-mate-a-curiosidade.html |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Domingão do Faustão |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- | 2015 | Best Actress in a Series | {{center|''[[Felizes para Sempre?]]''}} | {{won}} |<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> |- | 2017 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[A Força do Querer]]''}} | {{won}} | |- | 2019 | Best Supporting Actress | {{center|''[[A Dona do Pedaço]]''}} | {{nom}} | |} === [[:pt:Prêmio Contigo! de TV|Prêmio Contigo! de TV]] === {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Category ! Nominated ! Result ! Ref. |- | 2006 | Best Actress Revelation | {{center|''[[Belíssima]]''}} | {{nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" | 2007 | Best Actress | rowspan="2" | {{center|''[[O Profeta]]''}} | {{won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2010-12-18 |title=Vida - Paola Oliveira - Famosos - Contigo! |url=http://contigo.abril.com.br/famosos/paola-oliveira/atriz/vida |access-date=2025-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218083920/http://contigo.abril.com.br/famosos/paola-oliveira/atriz/vida |archive-date=December 18, 2010 }}</ref> |- |Romantic Couple (with [[Thiago Fragoso]]) |{{Won}} |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 2009 | Best Supporting Actress | {{center|''Ciranda de Pedra''}} | {{nom}} | |- | 2010 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Cama de Gato]]''}} | {{nom}} | |- | 2011 | Best Actress in a Series | {{center|''After all, what do women want?''}} | {{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remake de "Ti-Ti-Ti" é o grande campeão do "13º Prêmio Contigo de TV" - 18/05/2011 - Da Redação |url=https://televisao.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/2011/05/18/remake-de-ti-ti-ti-e-o-grande-campeao-do-13-premio-contigo-de-tv.jhtm |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=televisao.uol.com.br}}</ref> |- | 2012 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Insensato Coração]]''}} | {{nom}} | |- | 2015 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Felizes para Sempre?]]''}} | {{won}} | |- | 2017 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[A Força do Querer]]''}} | {{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=CONTIGO! |first=Redação |date=2017-12-20 |title=Vote no Prêmio CONTIGO! Online 2017 |url=https://contigo.com.br/noticias/exclusivas/vote-no-premio-contigo-2017.phtml |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Contigo! |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |Best Supporting Actress | rowspan="2" |''[[A Dona do Pedaço]]'' |{{Won}} |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Contigo! |first=Redação |date=2019-12-18 |title=Prêmio Contigo! Online 2019 - Veja a lista completa dos indicados |url=https://contigo.com.br/noticias/premio-contigo-online/premio-contigo-online-2019-veja-a-lista-completa-dos-indicados.phtml |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Contigo! |language=pt-br}}</ref> |- |Romantic Couple (with [[Sérgio Guizé]]) |{{Nominated}} |<ref name=":1" /> |- |2021 |Couple of the Year |Paolla and [[Diogo Nogueira]] |{{Nominated}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=FormigaNegócios |title=PRÊMIO CONTIGO! 2021: Veja a lista dos indicados |url=https://youyes.com/noticias/premio-contigo-2021-veja-a-lista-dos-indicados |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209150440/https://youyes.com/noticias/premio-contigo-2021-veja-a-lista-dos-indicados |archive-date=December 9, 2022 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=YouYes |language=pt-br |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2022 |Telenovela Actress |''[[Cara e Coragem]]'' |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Assumpção |first=Gustavo |title=PRÊMIO CONTIGO! 2022: Confira a lista completa dos vencedores |url=https://contigo.com.br/noticias/premio-contigo-online/premio-contigo-2022-confira-lista-completa-dos-vencedores.phtml |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Contigo! |language=pt-br}}</ref> |} ===[[:pt:Prêmio Qualidade Brasil|Abaalmarinta Tayada Brazil]]=== {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka ! Qaybta ! la magacaabay ! Natiijada ! Tixraac. |- | 2006 | Best Actress Revelation | {{center|''[[Belíssima]]''}} | {{won}} | |- |2011 |Best Series or Miniseries Actress |''Afinal, o Que Querem as Mulheres?'' |{{Nominated}} | |- |} === Super Gold Cap Trophy === {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Category ! Nominated ! Result ! Ref. |- | 2008 | Best Actress | {{center|''Ciranda de Pedra''}} | {{won}} |- |} === [[:pt:Prêmio APCA|Paulista Association of Art Critics]] === {| class="wikitable" ! Year ! Category ! Nominated ! Result ! Ref. |- | 2017 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[A Força do Querer]]''}} | {{nom}} |- |} === [[:pt:Prêmio Extra de Televisão|Prêmio Extra de Televisão]] === {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka ! Qaybta ! la magacaabay ! Natiijada ! Tixraac. |- | 2010 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Cama de Gato]]''}} | {{nom}} |- | 2013 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Amor à Vida]]''}} | {{nom}} |- | 2015 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Felizes para Sempre?]]''}} | {{nom}} |- | 2017 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[A Força do Querer]]''}} | {{nom}} |} === [[:pt:Troféu Internet de 2018|Internet Trophy]] === {| class="wikitable" ! Sannadka ! Qaybta ! la magacaabay ! Natiijada ! Tixraac. |- | 2014 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Amor à Vida]]''}} | {{nom}} |- | 2016 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[Além do Tempo]]''}} | {{nom}} |- | 2018 | Best Actress | {{center|''[[A Força do Querer]]''}} | {{nom}} |- |} ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:1775843|Paolla Oliveira]] iyo IMDb cmrkkoyzhwtvgrbgpdqaiv7up1zc0j7 0 42979 305518 285472 2026-08-18T07:11:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = India Gants | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = India Kate Gants | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|06|11}} | birth_place = [[Seattle]], [[Washington|Washington]], U.S. | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = Model | years_active = 2017–hadda | spouse = | partner = | height = {{convert|5|ft|8.5|in|m|2|abbr=on}} | hair_color = Huruud | eye_color = Cagaar | agency = Seattle Models Guild<br>MaaMulka Modelka Weyn<br>Maamulka Helitaanka Koowaad<br>[[Maamulka Model ee Xiga|Maamulka Ku Xiga Model LA]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nextmanagement.com/los-angeles/profile/india-gants|title=India Gants|access-date=April 4, 2019|ciwaan=Nuqul Archive|archive-date=Bisha Afraad 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404180356/https://www.nextmanagement.com/los-angeles/profile/india-gants|dead-url=yes}}</ref><br>Newmodel Agency<br>ARTRoom Model Management<br>[[Ford Models]]<br>SMG Model Management | website = }} '''India Kate Gants''' (waxay dhalatay Juun 11, 1996) waa moode mooddo Mareykan ah . Waxay caan ku tahay inay ku guulaysato wareegga saddex iyo labaatanaad ee Modelka Xiga ee Ameerika ee 2017. ==Nolosha hore== Gants wuxuu ku dhashay Seattle , Washington . Waxay leedahay saddex walaalo ka yar. Waxay bilawday moodelaynta markay ahayd 16. Waxay ka qalinjabisay Dugsiga Sare ee Newport 2014 Gants waxay ku noolayd Bellevue ka hor intaanay dhagaysanin Top Model ==Xirfad== ===Qaabka Sare ee Xiga ee Ameerika=== 2016–2017, Gants waxa ay ka soo muuqatay wareegga saddex iyo labaatanaad ee VH1 's America's Next Top Model , halkaas oo ay kula tartamaysay saddex iyo toban tartame oo kale. Inta lagu jiro bandhigga, isbarbardhigga badan ayaa la sameeyay iyada iyo Gigi Hadid . Dooddii ugu dambaysay ee xilli-ciyaareedka, waxay ku garaacday tartame kale Tatiana Price, iyada oo noqotay guusha saddex iyo labaatanaad ee bandhigga. Abaalmarinada Gants ee ku guuleysiga Modelka Xiga ee Ameerika waxaa ka mid ahaa qandaraas hibo leh oo lala galay VH1, moodada lagu faafiyay joornaalka Paper iyo qandaraas $100,000 ah oo lala galay Rimmel London cosmetics. Guusha Gants waxa kale oo ay la macno tahay in ay tahay qofka toddobaad ee ku guulaysta Maraykanka Next Top Model oo aan waligeed ka soo muuqan labada hoose, oo ay weheliyaan Jaslene Gonzalez , McKey Sullivan , Nicole Fox , Krista White , Sophie Sumner iyo Jourdan Miller . ===Qaabka Sare ee Boostada=== Ka dib guushii ay ka heshay Ameerika Next Top Model , Gants waxay heshiis la gashay Maareynta Modelka Weyn ee Milan Waxay sidoo kale la saxeexatay Ford Models ee Magaalada New York Waxay wali la saxeexatay Seattle Models Guild Gants ayaa ka soo muuqday xilli ciyaareedkii seddexaad ee hordhaca ah ee Odd Mom Out bishii Luulyo 2017. Gants sidoo kale waxay bilaabeen inay ka shaqeeyaan warshadaha muusikada DJ ahaan. Waxay sidoo kale ka soo muuqatay muuqaalka heesaha ah ee WISH I WAS's "Go For A Ride". Sannadkii 2021 India ayaa soo muuqatay oo waxay jilaysay muuqaalka muusiga ee kooxda soo noolaynta Emo ee Hero Broken Your Face Tommy's Face ==Tixraac== [https://www.monstersandcritics.com/smallscreen/india-gants-who-is-the-antm-cycle-23-winner-and-whats-her-story/ "India Gants: Waa ayo wareegga 23-ka ANTM ee ku guulaysta, maxayse tahay sheekadeeda?"] [https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/tv/seattle-area-women-to-compete-on-reboot-of-americas-next-top-model/ "Haweenka aagga Seattle si ay ugu tartamaan dib u soo kabashada 'Modelka xiga ee Ameerika'] [https://people.com/tv/antm-season-23-winner-india-gants/ "Waa maxay sababta ANTM Xilliga 23 Guuleystaha India Gants ay u eegayaan Gigi Hadid - & Sida Saaxiibada Tartamayaasha 'runtii uga caawiyay' Sawirka Jirkeeda"] [https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/lifestyle/7743437/americas-next-top-model-winner-india-gants-interview "Modelka Sare ee Ameerika ee Xiga" Guuleystaha India Gants oo la hadashay Garsooraha Rita Ora & ku riyoonaya inay soo saarto Muusiga"] [http://www.papermag.com/antm-india-2445294151.html "Xagaaga Hindiya: La kulan Qaabka Sare ee Xiga ee Ameerika"] [https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BWLgM5gDaml La soco Season 3 Episode 1 of Odd Mom Out on Bravo!! Waxaan noqday naftayda nooc sassy oo dheeraad ah]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20190404180358/https://www.armadamusic.com/news/antm-winner-india-gants-stars-in-music-video-of-new-single-wish-i-was-go-for-a-ride-ft-luna "Guulaystaha ANTM India Gants ayaa ku jilaya muuqaal muusig oo cusub WISH I WAS: 'Go For A Ride' (ft. Luna)"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://www.instagram.com/indiagants/ Hindiya Gants] ee [[Inistigaram|Instagram- ka]] dnn2twvpv26mxacgwdqumqo4y8k7i0d 0 42984 305485 284941 2026-08-18T00:52:13Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = Anchal Joseph | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|3}} | birth_place = [[New Delhi]], India | nationality = Ameerikaan | height = 5 ft 10.5 in | haircolor = Madow | eyecolor = Bunni | agency = Elite Miami, Maamulka Gobolka, MMG New York }} '''Anchal Joseph''' (wuxuu dhashay Janaayo 3, 1987) waa moodeel moodada Hindida ah iyo jilaa. Waxay caan ku tahay ka qaybqaadashada xilliga toddobaad ee Qaabka Xiga ee Ameerika ee 2006, iyo sidoo kale inay ka soo muuqato Deal ama No Deal sidii moodal shandad ah 2018 CNBC dib-u-boot. Waxay sidoo kale lagu soo bandhigay boggaga Vogue Paris, waxayna ka soo muuqatay taxanaha telefishanka ee Collar White , Gabadha xanta , iyo xanuunka Royal. ==Nolosha hore== Anchal waxay ku dhalatay New Delhi , Hindiya qoys Malayali ah , laakiin qoyskeedu waxay u guureen Miami, Florida , markay ahayd lix jir, wax yar ka dib markii Hurricane Andrew ku dhuftey aagga Hooyadeed waxay ahayd kalkaaliye caafimaad Anchal waxay jirtay sagaal iyo toban jir markii la eegay si ay isugu daydo Maraykanka Next Top Model, Cycle 7 ; ANTM ka hor waxay sidoo kale u qaabaysay Zoom Magazine iyo French Vogue . ==Qaabka Sare ee Xiga ee Ameerika== Joseph wuxuu ahaa tartame lixaad (ka dib Melrose Bickerstaff, Jaeda Young, Michelle Babin, Eugena Washington iyo Brooke Miller) si loo doorto inuu ka qaybqaato wareegga toddobaad ee Maraykanka ee Next Top Model waxaana loo sheegay markii ay daadisay martigeliyaha Tyra Banks inay ahayd mid ka mid ah tartamayaasha ugu quruxda badan ee abid ka qaybqaata tartanka. Iyadoo inta badan lagu ammaani jiray tayada faylalka ay ku jirto, kalsooni la'aanteeda waxaa inta badan xusay guddiga garsoorka. Intii ay joogtay, Joseph waxa loo doortay CoverGirl ee toddobaadka daawadayaasha laba jeer oo isku xigta. Waxay heshay hal mar oo labaad iyo mid saddexaad oo la soo wacay. Ka dib markii ay diideen inay si buuxda uga qaybqaataan caqabad u baahan in ay qabato hawl iyada oo muujinaysa shucuur aan caadi ahayn ( qoob-ka-cayaarka ), garsoorayaashu waxay meesha ka saareen Joseph toddobaad ee Los Angeles intii lagu jiray muuqaalkeedii kaliya ee abid ugu hooseeya ee Michelle Babin ayaa ka badbaaday markii ugu horeysay abid. Joseph ayaa kiciyay qaar ka mid ah murannada markii ay ka hadashay xaqiiqda ah in dadka timaha fudud, maqaarka ama indhaha loo arko inay si fiican u eegayaan Hindiya, markii la waydiiyay xiriirkeeda buluugga ah ee Tyra Banks , iyo inay rabtay inay ku adkaysato fikradahaas. ==Xirfadda qaabaynta iyo jilidda== Joseph waxa lagu soo bandhigay boggaga Vogue Paris iyo ZOOM Magazine. Waxay samaysay muuqaallo waxayna doorar ku lahayd inta u dhaxaysa 2010 iyo 2011 ee Colar White , Gabadha xanta ah iyo xanuunka Royal . Waxay sidoo kale ka qaybqaadatay waxqabad lagu horumarinayo ka- hortagga AIDS-ka . Bishii Luulyo 2018, Yuusuf wuxuu ka qaybqaatay duubista nooc cusub oo Deal ama No Deal , oo loogu talagalay CNBC ; Shandad #22 ayay sitay. Ka dib markii ANTM Joseph uu la saxeexday sawir qaade Manny Roman oo ka caawiyay inay qaado tillaabo kale oo ay ku gasho qaabaynteeda iyo xirfadeeda jilitaanka, isaga oo u ballansan wargeyska Night Weekly Magazine, Artemis Allure Models Magazine, I AM CERA show / FUNKSHION Fashion Week, Lila Nikole Show / Rock Fashion Week, Bandhigga Dharka Cas si ay uga faa'iidaystaan ​​Ururka Wadnaha Mareykanka ee Setai Hotel ee Koonfurta Xeebta iyada oo qayb ka ah Funkshion Fashion Week. Waxa kale oo uu u ballansaday inay la-shaqayso SFL Live Kristin Anderson. Roman hadda ma matalo Yuusuf oo waxay la dhigtay MEGA Models Miami. Waxay u qaabaysay Sofi Swimwear. Waxay sidoo kale ka qaybqaadatay dhowr toddobaad oo Fashion Miami ah . Waxaa loo qorsheeyay in ay ka soo muuqato Halogen TV 's "Nobel Exchange," iyo sidoo kale doorka agaasimaha Garry Marshall ee filimka sanadka cusub . ==Tixraac== [https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/anchal-joseph-wants-to-act-in-bollywood/story-6OATSVWIJOSAB9iDRhh75M.html "Anchal Joseph wuxuu rabaa inuu wax ka jilo Bollywood"] [https://books.google.com/books?id=t5PlT9B4CM0C&q=%22anchal+joseph%22&pg=PA340 Jinsiga iyo Barashada Haweenka Kanada: Dhul Halis ah] [https://www.tvguide.com/news/americas-model-anchal-41185.aspx "Modelka Sare ee Xiga Ameerika: Anchal waxay ciyaartaa ciyaarta eedda - Wararka Maanta: Qaadashadayada"] [https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BloVJwEBlZP "Anchal on Instagram: "Waxaan u heesayaa sida canary🐥! Eeg waxa aan halkaas ku sameeyay? 😁😝 Waan ku faraxsanahay inaan UGU DANBEYN ku dhawaaqo inaan la joogi doono @dealornodealcnbc @howiemandel! 🤗 tag..."]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/Anchal_Joseph/ "Anchal Joseph - Model Fashion - Profile on FMD"] [https://www.toofab.com/2011/01/21/jim-carrey-anchal-joseph-dating-how-they-met "KALIYA TOOFAB! Sidee Jim Carrey ula kulmay 'Model-kiisa Sare' Taariikhdiisa!"]{{Reflist}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [[imdbname:2478228|Anchal Joseph]] [[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] 9re0jldvqj15gk70ik7yi8tg5mc3rwp 0 43338 305489 287344 2026-08-18T02:35:25Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography | religion = [[Islam]] | honorific prefix = [[Shiikh]] | native_name_lang = | title = [[Shiikh|Sheekh]] | main interests = [[Dawah]] iyo Fiqi | denomination = [[Sunni]] | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1957|}} | death_date = {{Death date|2022|2|22}} | death_place = [[Kismayo]], Soomaaliya | era = Xiliga islaamka casriga ah | jurisprudence = [[Shafi'i]] | creed = [[Salafi]] | movement = [[Jama'at al-I'tisam]] | party = Golaha Culimada Soomaaliyeed | birth_place = Salla-Galoolay, [[Ceegaag]] [[Horufadhi]] | name = {{langx|so|Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed}} <br /> {{langx|ar|عبد الناصر حاج أحمد}} | death_cause = Al-Shabaab ayaa dilay | nationality = Soomaali | image = Sheikh Abdinasir Haji Ahmed (cropped).png }} '''Abdinasir Haji Ahmed Yusuf''' ([[Af Soomaali|Soomaali]]: Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed ; dhashay 1957-2022 [[Carabi]] : عبد الناصر حاج أحمد ) soomaali bay ahayd culimada iyo daacida Islaamka ee Dawah Sheekh Cabdinaasir ayay Al-shabaab ku dileen magaalada Kismaayo 22-kii February 2022 ==Nolosha hore iyo waxbarashada== Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed Yuusuf waxa uu dhashay sannadkii 1957-kii, waxa uu ku dhashay miyiga ( Somali : Salla-Galoolay ) oo u dhow tuulada Ceegaag oo hadda ka tirsan gobolka Cayn ee Soomaaliya Wuxuu isaga iyo qoyskiisii ​​ka soo raray miyiga, una guuray magaalada Horufadhi 1964-kii, wuxuu galay dugsigii ugu horreeyay ee Qur'aanka oo halkaas laga hirgeliyay, halkaasoo uu ku xifdiyay qur'aanka kariimka ah . Ka dib waxa uu u guuray Burco si uu waxbarashadiisa u sii wato Dugsiga Saalixiya , waxa uu aad ugu wanagsan yahay xifdinta qoraalada iyo barashada shareecada islaamka , isaga oo dhamaystay waxbarashadiisii ​​xifdiga quraanka kariimka ah Sannadkii 1965kii ayuu Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed u guuray magaalo-xeebeedda Berbera , halkaas oo uu ka diwaangeliyey dugsigii Model ee Al-Falaax. Halkaasi waxa uu ku dhamaystay culuumta shareecada iyo luuqada carabiga oo uu barbar socday maadooyinka xisaabta Sannadkii 1967kii ayuu Sheekh Cabdinaasir ku soo noqday magaalada Burco oo uu ka diiwaan gashaday machad xiriir la leh Al-Azhar Al-Shariif. Halkaas oo uu ku bartay cilmiga fiqhiga, xadiithka iyo culuumta kale ee Islaamka. Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu ka qaybqaatay wareegyada cilmiga ah ee lagu qabtay masaajidda wuxuuna wax ku bartay dhowr culimo caan ah oo magaalada ah, oo ay ku jiraan Sheikh al-Qadhi Mohamoud iyo Sheikh Sharif Mohamed Markii uu dhameystay dugsiga sare waxa uu u kicitimay caasimadda Soomaaliya ee Muqdisho , halkaas oo uu ku bartay shareecada Islaamka siminaaro uu ku bartay culimaa’udiin caan ah oo ay ka mid yihiin Sheekh Ibraahim Suule, Sheekh Maxamed Macallin Xasan iyo Sheekh Maxamed Nuur Qawi Waxa uu u soo shaqeeyay Ciidanka Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed ka hor inta uusan u wareegin Yemen oo uu u sii wato waxbarashadiisa Shareecada. Halkaa, waxa uu wax ku bartay culimaa’udiin caan ka ah Yemen oo ay ka mid yihiin Sheekh Al-Qaadi Yahya Al-Faisal, Sheekh Al-Qadhi Mohammed bin Ismail Al Amrani , Sheikh Dr. Muhammad Hassan Maqbool Al-Ahdal, iyo Sheikh Dr. Abdul Wahab Al-Dailami . ==Xirfad== C/naasir Xaaji Axmed ayaa Wasaaradda Awqaafta iyo Hanuuninta u magacawday Guddoomiyaha Jaaliyadda Soomaaliyeed ee dalka Yemen, kaddib markii uu ku guuleystay Imtixaan ay Wasaaraddu u qaaday dhowr aqoonyahan oo Soomaaliyeed. Waxa uu macalin ka ahaa machadyo badan oo cilmiyeed oo Yemen ku yaala muddo toban sano ah, laga bilaabo 1982 ilaa 1992 Waxa uu dalka dib ugu soo laabtay sanadkii 1992, sanad kadib markii ay ka dilaaceen dagaaladii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya 1991-kii, waxa uu degey magaalada Laascaanood ee xarunta maamulka gobolka Sool , halkaas oo uu ka bilaabay inuu ka qayb qaato fidinta diinta islaamka iyo barashada kutubta islaamka Sannadkii 1994-kii, Sheekh Cabdinaasir waxa uu dajiyay machadka Cilmi-baarista Islaamka ee Al-Furqaan, kaasoo loogu talagalay barida iyo diyaarinta jiilka soo socda ee culimada, isagoo heshiisyo la galay Sheekh Axmed Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan iyo Sheekh Cabdulqaadir Nuur Faarax Machadku wuxuu si guul leh u dhisay oo tababaray arday badan Sheekh Cabdinaasir wax qabadkiisii ​​iyo waxqabadkiisii ​​ku dhawaad ​​soddon sano, laga soo bilaabo 1992 ilaa la dilay 2022, ku faafinta manhajka Islaamka ee Soomaaliya oo dhan isagoo leh maktabad Islaami ah oo ay ka buuxaan kutub badan oo ka hadlaya arrimaha sharciga Waxaa xusid mudan in Sheekh Cabdinaasir uu leeyahay in ka badan kun riwaayadood, laakiin weli waxaa jira kuwo kale oo aan la duubin. ===Dilka=== Sheekh C/naasir Xaaji Axmed ayaa ahaa nin si weyn uga soo horjeeday weerarada ay Al-Shabaab ku heyso dadka rayidka ah, sida Hoteelada , Maqaayadaha iyo Suuqyada, taasoo uu u arkayay inay ka soo horjeedaan akhlaaqda Islaamka Wuxuu si cad u cambaareeyay falalka al-Shabaab oo uu ku jiro siminaaro Islaami ah oo lagu qabtay Garowe , Boosaaso iyo Laascaanood Al-Shabab waxay u hanjabeen Sheekh Cabdinaasir iyo saaxiibadiis, iyagoo ugu dambeyntii dilay Sheekh Dr. Axmed Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan 2011 iyo Sheekh Cabdulqaadir Nuur Faarax 2013 Horraantii 2022, Sheekh Cabdinaasir wuxuu sii waday inuu ka diga rogo fikirka xagjirka ah ee Al-Shabaab, Febraayo 22, 2022, waxaa lagu dilay qarax gaarigiisa loogu xiray xilli uu booqasho ku joogay magaalada Kismaayo ee Jubbaland Al-Shabaab ayaa sheegatay mas’uuliyadda dilkiisa. ===Falcelinta=== Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ayaa si weyn uga carooday arrintan, waxaana la is weydiinayaa sida Sheekha caanka ah loogu qarxiyay gaarigii uu la socday Sheekh C/naasir. Waxay ku eedeeyeen Madaxweynaha Jubbaland Axmed Maxamed Islaam inuu dayacay amniga Sheekh C/naasir Aqoonyahanno iyo mas’uuliyiin ka tirsan dowladda Soomaaliya ayaa cambaareeyay weerarka. Madaxweynaha dowladda Federaalka ah ee Soomaaliya Maxamed C/llaahi Farmaajo ayaa cambaareeyay falkaasi foosha xun, waxaana uu wacad ku maray in ciddii ka dambeysay falkaasi ay bixin doonto. Madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland Sheekh Shariif Sheekh Axmed iyo Madaxweynihii hore ee Puntland Siciid Cabdullaahi Deni ayaa ku tilmaamay weerarkaas mid fool-xun oo badheedh ah oo lagu bartilmaameedsaday dad aan dagaalamin. Madaxweynayaasha dowlad goboleedyada kale ayaa iyaguna ku biiray cambaareynta weerarka. ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [https://youtube.com/WiaUNzbSkxU TAARIIKH: Kuma ayuu ahaa Sh Cabdinaasir]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://youtube.com/Bt59zonGJkk Sh Maxamed Cabdi Umal oo ka Hadlay Dilkii Sheekh Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed | Tacsi.]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://youtube.com/RMnAxa-ae9E?si=GIEs_k5m4hFmlzhI TAARIIKHDII SAXWADA SOMALIA SH CABDINASIR XAAJI AXMED]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Tobnaad 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522045928/https://www.qiraatsomali.com/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%84-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84/ "ترجمة موجزة للشيخ الفاضل عبدالناصر الحاج أحمد يوسف- رحمه الله - قراءات صومالية - الأخبار الصومال - الأخبار الصومالية] [https://www.voasomali.com/a/6453744.html "Sheekh caan ah oo lagu dilay Kismaayo"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220227082238/https://bandhige.com/maqaallo/taariikhda-sheekh-cabdinaasir-x-axmed-1957-2022-wt-aadam-ducaale "Taariikhda Sheekh Cabdinaasir X. Axmed ,1957–2022 (WT: Aadam Ducaale) | Bandhige- Wararka Somaliland iyo faallooyinkooda"] [https://bandhige.com/maqaallo/taariikhda-sheekh-cabdinaasir-x-axmed-1957-2022-wt-aadam-ducaale "Taariikhda Sheekh Cabdinaasir X. Axmed, 1957–2022 (WT: Aadam Ducaale)"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230428170822/https://salaanmedia.com/2022/02/waa-kuma-sheekh-cabdinaasir-xaaji-axmed-oo-maanta-lagu-diley-kismaayo/ "Waa kuma Sheekh Cabdinaasir xaaji Axmed oo maanta lagu diley Kismaayo? | Salaan Media"] [https://salaanmedia.com/2022/02/waa-kuma-sheekh-cabdinaasir-xaaji-axmed-oo-maanta-lagu-diley-kismaayo/ "Waa kuma Sheekh Cabdinaasir xaaji Axmed oo maanta lagu diley Kismaayo? | Salaan Media"] [https://www.qiraatsomali.com/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%84-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84/ يوسف- رحمه الله - قراءات صومالية - الأخبار الصومال - الأخبار الصومالية] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230426233421/https://www.noor-book.com/en/ebook-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-pdf " Download kitaabka مجالس شهر رمضان للشيخ عبدالناصر حاج أحمد PDF - Noor Library"] [[iarchive:muxaadarooyinkii-qaybta-1aad-sheekh-cabdinaasir-xaaji-axmed|Muxaadarooyinkii [Qaybta 1aad] - Sheekh Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed]] [https://halgan.net/2022/03/dilka-sh-cabdinaasir-xaji-axmed-iyo-culumada-ka-horeysay-ee-la-dilay-imise-qolo-ayaa-ka-qeyb-qaadatay/ "Dilka Sh Cabdinaasir Xaji Axmed iyo Culimadii ka hor ee la dilay imise qolo ayaa ka qeybgashay"] {{Wayback|url=https://halgan.net/2022/03/dilka-sh-cabdinaasir-xaji-axmed-iyo-culumada-ka-horeysay-ee-la-dilay-imise-qolo-ayaa-ka-qeyb-qaadatay/ |date=20250425160545 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20220319052733/https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-60464753 "Sheekkha dadka ka wacdin taariikhda ee lagu diley qaraxyadii Kismaayo ka dhacay - BBC News Somali"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230423061833/https://qorilugudnews24.com/2022/02/22/abdinasir-haji-ahmed-one-of-the-somali-clerics-killed-in-an-explosion-in-kismayo/ "Sheekh Cabdinaasir Xaaji Axmed Oo Ka Mid Ah Culimada Soomaaliyeed Oo Qarax Lagu Dilay. | Qorilugud News 24"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230423061339/https://horseedmedia.net/somalia-cleric-killed-in-explosion-in-kismayu-city-362187 "SOMALIA: Wadaad lagu dilay qarax ka dhacay magaalada Kismaayo - Horseed Media"] [https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-60464753 "Kumuu ahaa Sheekh Cabdinaasir oo lagu dilay qarax Kismaayo lagula eegtay?"] [https://www.caasimada.net/daawo-culumo-fariin-adag-u-dirtay-madaxda-soomaalida-kadib-dilkii-sheekh-c-naasir/ "Daawo: Culumo fariin adag u dirtay madaxda Soomaalida, kadib dilkii Sheekh C/Naasir"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220523115345/https://www.voasomali.com/a/6453744.html "Sheekh caan ah oo lagu dilay Kismaayo"] [https://alfurqan.so/site/userlogin "Login : Mu'ssasada Waxbarashada Alfurqaan"] {{Wayback|url=https://alfurqan.so/site/userlogin |date=20241130101746 }} kc7pfu3nzh6r5qv3hytwqnuiwz861yh 0 43559 305517 286624 2026-08-18T07:06:16Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder |honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=NG|CON|size=100%}} |image = |caption = |office1 = Wasiirka Ganacsiga |term_start1 = July 2003 |term_end1 = June 2007 |predecessor1 = Precious Ngelale |successor1 = [[Aliyu Modibbo Umar]] |birth_date = 12 October 1952 |birth_place = [[Gobolka Taraba]] |party = Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Shacabka (PDP) }} '''Amb'Idris Waziri''' (wuxuu dhashay 1952 ) waa siyaasi reer Nigeria ah iyo maamule ganacsi. ==Taariikh nololeedka== Waziri wuxuu shahaado ka qaatay jaamacada Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria . Dabadeed wuxuu ku biiray dawladda isagoo ah sarkaal maamul. Wuxuu noqday Xoghaye Joogtada ah ka dibna Guddoomiyaha Maaliyadda, Ganacsiga iyo Warshadaha, wuxuuna ka fariistay 1993 si uu uga shaqeeyo ganacsiga gaarka ah Waxa uu ahaa xubin aasaasi ah oo ka tirsan Xisbiga Dimuqraadiga Dadweynaha (PDP) 1999, Madaxweyne Olusegun Obasanjo wuxuu u magacaabay Safiirka Nigeria u fadhiya Pakistan Waxaa loo magacaabay Wasiirka Ganacsiga Julaay 2003 wuxuuna is casilay Juun 2006 si uu ugu tartamo doorashadii gudoomiyenimada ee 2007 ee gobolka Taraba. Waziri waxa uu u tartamay gudoomiyaha gobolka Taraba 2007dii kuma guulaysan,2013 waxa u doortay Dan-Baba Suntai oo markaa ahaa gudoomiyaha gobolka Taraba si uu ugu tartamo gudoomiyaha qaranka ee PDP. 2021, waxaa u magacaabay Guddoomiyaha gobolka Taraba Arc Darius Dickson Ishaku inuu noqdo guddoomiyaha golaha maamulka, jaamacadda gobolka Taraba Muddadii uu wasiirka ganacsiga ahaa, Waziri waxa uu caan ku ahaa xamaasadda uu u leeyahay dhoofinta cassava . ==Tixraac== [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/03/pdp-chairmeet-the-first-eleven/ "Gudoomiyaha PDP: La kulan kow iyo tobanka ugu horeeya] [https://blueprint.ng/idris-waziri-jamilah-tangaza-where-are-they-now/ "Idris Waziri, Jamilah Tangaza: hadda meeye?"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20221029193951/https://www.theeminentleaders.com/12/17/amb-a-d-idris-waziri-true-diplomatic-leader-nigeriapdp-taraba-state/ "Amb. AD Idris Waziri hogaamiye diblumaasiyadeed oo dhab ah - Nigeria, PDP iyo Taraba State"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060703011309/https://www.tribune.com.ng/23062006/news/news1.html “Obasanjo Wuxuu Caydhiyey 8 Kaaliyihiisa Atiku – Oo Dhaartay 2 Wasiir Oo Cusub] [https://www.winne.com/africa/nigeria/topinterviews/2004/waziri.php "Waraysi Xiiso Leh Amb. Idiris Waziri"] [https://www.iita.org/knowledge/publications/ "Daabacadaha"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.iita.org/knowledge/publications/ |date=20170202204752 }} rl2bimusvcqg76s6ktadag3ktyywyrz 0 44306 305482 288926 2026-08-18T00:00:19Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''.so''' waa furaha [[Internet]]ka ee dalka ee [[Soomaaliya]]. Furaha Internetka soomaaliya. (Af-soomaali: Soomaaliya - العربية: الصومال English: Somalia) [[Category:Internet]] {{Infobox Top level domain |name=.so |background=#CCF |image=SO domain logo.svg |introduced=28 August 1997 |type=[[Magaca heerka-sare ee koodhka waddanka]] |status=Firfircoon |registry=SONIC |sponsor=Xarunta Macluumaadka Shabakadda Soomaaliyeed |intendeduse=Hay’adaha ku xiran {{flag|Somalia}} |actualuse=Si dhaw dhaw loo soo celiyey |restrictions=Kuwa ku kooban hay’adaha iyo ururada ku yaalla Soomaaliya, dadka deggan Soomaaliya, iyo kuwa kale ee leh xiriir sharci ah, cad, oo la xaqiijin karo oo ay la leeyihiin Soomaaliya. |structure=Diiwaangelintu waxa lagu samayn karaa iyada oo loo sii marayo diiwaan-geliyayaal la oggolaaday |document=Soomaaliya .so |disputepolicy=[http://sonic.so/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/dotso-domain-name-registration-policies_v1.1_2.pdf .so domain name registration policies]<br />[http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/domains/cctld/so/index.html WIPO] |website= {{url|https://sonic.so/}} }} 11kii Luulyo 2013 xeerka ISO 3166-1 ee Soomaaliya ayaa isbeddelay si uu u muujiyo SO loo isticmaalo ccTLD . Bishii Luulyo 8, 2015, diiwaanka .so ccTLD waxaa loo wareejiyay Xarunta Macluumaadka Shabakadda Soomaaliyeed (SONIC), taasoo soo bandhigtay xaddidaadyo cusub oo ku saabsan iibsiga magacyada .so ee shakhsiyaadka iyo ururada aan xiriirka la lahayn Soomaaliya Sidaas darteed, dhowr diiwaan-gelineed ayaa hakiyay diiwaangelinta magacyada cusub ee .so March 9, 2018, Hay’adda Isgaarsiinta Qaranka (NCA) ee dhawaan la aas aasay Soomaaliya ayaa si buuxda ula wareegtay DotSO-ka Internet-ka ee dalka ugu sarreeya Xarunta Warfaafinta Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SONIC) iyo Cloudy Registry, kuwaasoo maamuli jiray howlaha iyo maamulka Diiwaangelinta Domain-ka. ==Taariikhda== ===Dulmar=== Dagaalkii sokeeye ee ka dhacay Soomaaliya dartiis , hawlgallada boggan waxaa hore si rasmi ah loogu wakiishay Monolith Innovation Group , oo ah shirkad ku taal Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , oo hadda joogsatay. Domain-ka shirkaddan ayaa loo igmaday, inkastoo uu maqan yahay, illaa iyo 17-kii Abriil, 2009-kii, xilligaasoo diiwaanka .so laga beddelay root-ka aagga si loo tilmaamo server-yada shaqaalaha cusub ee diiwaan-gelinta, Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya . ===Dhimashada Monolith (ml.org)=== Hal-abuurka Monolith, sida magac domain, server-ka, ayaa caan ahaa bartamihii 1990-meeyadii. Diiwaangelinta domain-ka heerka labaad ee wakhtigaa waxay ahayd (heerka casriga ah) waa qaali. Monolith waxa ay ku shaqaynaysay mashruucyo kala duwan kuwaaso u ogalaaday in shabakadaha yar yar ay helaan ciwaanka interneedka ee foomka example.ml.org si wax ku ool ah oo bilaa kharash ah halkii ay ka bixin lahaayeen qiimo buuxa ($50US sanadka ugu horeeya) domain sida example.com , example.org ama example.net Diiwaanka magaca domainka ee .so waxa markii hore la sameeyay 28kii Agoosto 1997, wakhtigaas oo u dhow ama u dhow meeshii ugu sarraysay ee caannimada adeegga ml.org. Waqtigaas, faa'iidooyinka iman kara waxay u muuqdeen wax ka badan kuwa muuqda. Qaadashada mas'uuliyadda domain code dalka , Monolith waxa laga yaabaa in ay awoodaan in ay soo saaraan * .so domains heerka labaad wax yar ama kharash la'aan ah, bixinta beddelka macquul ah ee qiimaha sare Network Solutions ee wakhtigaas. Sida laga soo xigtay aasaasaha ml.org, Aveek Datta, ee 1998, "Aniga shakhsi ahaan waxaan isku dayay inaan abuuro heer caalami ah oo BILAASH ah. Haddii tani run noqoto iyo haddii kale waa su'aal kale; wadahadalka lacagta iyo lacagaha waaweyn ayaa lagu gacan-saydhay dagaalka diiwaangelinta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, adeegga ml.org wuxuu joojiyay shaqadii dhamaadka 1998 sababtoo ah "dhibaatooyin farsamo iyo mid abaabuleed" oo ay ku jiraan guuldarrooyinka waaweyn ee server-ka Qaybaheeda heerka labaad ayaa wali ka diiwaan gashan Aveek Datta , madaxwaynihii hore ee Monolith Innovations Group, laakiin waxay u muuqdaan kuwo aan si firfircoon loo isticmaalin Intii lagu jiray taariikhda domainka, goob-haye hal bog ah oo ku taal ciwaanka nic.so ayaa sheegtay "ma jiro .SO domains mana raadineyno la-hawlgalayaasha diiwaan-geliyaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, server-yada DNS ee magaca domainka ayaa si xun loo habeeyey sidaa darteed ciwaanka nic.so wuxuu ahaa mid la heli karo oo keliya. ===Dib u bilaw=== Febraayo 3, 2009, ICANN waxay ansixisay in domainka .so dib loogu soo celiyo Wasaaradda Boostada iyo Isgaarsiinta ee Dowladda Federaalka Ku Meel Gaarka ah ee Soomaaliya. Daqiiqadihii kulanka ICANN, waxaa shaaca laga qaaday in Aveek Datta, hawlwadeenkii hore ee diiwaan gelinta, uu ku murmay codsiga dib u noqoshada balse kama uusan jawaabin codsigii ICANN ee ahaa in la xaqiijiyo xiriirka uu la leeyahay shirkadii hore. Hawl-wadeenka cusub ee diiwaan-gelinta ayaa dib u hawlgeliyay domain-ka .so November 1, 2010. Codsiyada diiwaan-geliyaha waxaa mar horeba la soo gudbin karaa iyada oo la adeegsanayo mareegta dhawaan la furay ee Diiwaanka .SO. ===Wareejin==== July 8, 2015, diiwangelinta .so ccTLD waxaa loo wareejiyay Xarunta Macluumaadka Shabakadda Soomaaliyeed (SONIC) March 9, 2018, Hay’adda Isgaarsiinta Qaranka (NCA) ee dhawaan la aas aasay Soomaaliya ayaa la wareegtay magaca Domain-ka ee SONIC iyo Cloudy Registry, kuwaasoo maamuli jiray howlaha iyo maamulka Diiwaangelinta Domain. Somaliland waxay mamnuucday isticmaalka TLD-gan natiijada wareejinta 2018 awgeed. ==Magacyada meelaha== Domain-ka .so wuxuu hadda bixiyaa saddex iyo toban magac oo kala ah: heerka labaad-space .so waxaa loogu talagalay isticmaalka ujeedo guud, iyo heerka saddexaad-space .com.so , .me.so , .net.so iyo .org.so waxaa loo qoondeeyey hay'adaha ganacsiga, shakhsiyaadka, shabakadaha, iyo ururada aan faa'iido doonka ahayn, siday u kala horreeyaan Waxa kale oo jira .edu.so oo loogu talagalay machadyada tacliinta sare; .gov.so ee hay'adaha dawladda; .sch.so ee dugsiyada; iyo .gm.so , .hs.so , .jl.so , .pl.so , iyo .sw.so ee Galmudug , Hirshabeelle , Jubbaland , Puntland , iyo Koonfur Galbeed siday u kala horreeyaan. ==Diiwaan-geliyayaasha== SONIC waxay haysaa liiska diiwaan-geliyayaasha maxaliga ah ee iyo kuwa caalamiga ee si rasmi ah loo aqoonsan yahay . ==Sidoo kale eeg== [[Isgaadhsiinta Soomaaliya]] ==Tixraac== [https://web.archive.org/web/20141031021901/http://www.soregistry.so/ "SO Registry"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150722074929/https://www.openprovider.co.uk/about-openprovider/news/upcoming-changes-somalian-so-domains "Bixiyaha Furan: Isbeddellada soo socda ee SO Domains"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20150722085711/http://www.nic.so/2015/07/15/migration/ "Hay'adda - SONIC"] [https://uk.godaddy.com/help/about-so-domains-8805 "Ku saabsan .so Domains"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20180309191248/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-03/10/c_137028160.htm "Maamulka cusub ee isgaarsiinta Soomaaliya oo la wareegay maamulka sare ee domain - Xinhua | English.news.cn"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20071023161720/https://www.iana.org/root-whois/so.htm ".so Domain Delegation Data"] [https://web.archive.org/web/19980122215843/http://www.ml.org/ml/about/future.html "Adeegyada Internetka Monolith"] [https://www.icann.org/resources/board-material/prelim-report-2009-02-03-en "Go'aamada Warbixinta Horudhaca ah ee Shirka Guddiga Gaarka ah - ICANN"] [https://goobjoog.com/english/somaliland-retaliates-fed-government-domain-take-over-bans-dotso-extensions/ Somaliland oo ka aargudatey in ay la wareegto domain-ka heerka sare, mamnuucdayna in la kordhiyo dotSo"] [http://sonic.so/local-registrars/ "Diiwaan-geliyayaasha maxaliga ah"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [http://sonic.so/registrars/international-registrars/ "Diiwaan-geliyayaal caalami ah"]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons|Category:.so|.so}}[http://sonic.so/ Shabakada SO Registry] [https://whois.nic.so/ SO whois information center] [https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/so.html IANA .so who is information] jblnclchmf9xtbzmiavy56tj50a8uul 0 44689 305529 290010 2026-08-18T10:51:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = Rômulo Pires | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|06|06}}<ref name="TIFDb"/> | birth_place = [[Ceilândia]], [[Federal District (Brazil)|DF]], Brazil | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | height = {{height|m=1.88|precision=0}} | hair_color = Bunni<ref name="TIFDb"/> | eye_color = Cagaar<ref name="TIFDb">[http://ifdb.co/models/romulo_pires/320 The Internet Fashion Database] Retrieved and verified on 2011-05-29</ref> | agency = | website = }} '''Rômulo Pires''' (wuxuu dhashay Juun 6, 1983) waa moodel lab ah oo reer Brazil ah . Pires waa abtirsiin Talyaani iyo Brazil wuxuuna ku dhashay Ceilândia , DF , Brazil. Sida laga soo xigtay Forbes , wuxuu ahaa moodelka afaraad ee ugu guulaha badan adduunka 2004-2005. Pires waxa uu u shaqaynayay makaanik ahaan markii haweenay taayir fidsan ay sheegtay in uu soo jiidasho leh oo uu xirfad u leeyahay qaabaynta. Ka dib waxa uu galay goob raadin model ah oo ay qabatay Elite Model Management of Brazil oo uu ku guulaystay kaalinta koowaad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xirfadiisa qaabaynta ayaa joogsatay ilaa uu nashqadeeyaha Karl Lagerfeld uu ogaaday isaga laba sano kadib. Ka hor inta uusan socon dhabbaha diyaaradeed ee ugu horeysay, Pires waxaa loo shaqaaleysiiyay inuu ka soo muuqdo ololayaasha caanka ah ee Chanel iyo Lagerfeld Gallery. Taageerada Lagerfeld, Pires wuxuu u safray adduunka oo dhan wuxuuna bilaabay inuu dhiso faylalka iyo sumcaddiisa. Ololaha xayaysiiska ee Gucci, Valentino, Pepe Jeans, Cavali Classic, Carolina Herrera, Christian Lacroix, Ck1, Laura Biagiotti, iyo Emanuel Ungaro ayaa raacay. Wuxuu ku jiray majaladda People isagoo ka mid ah ragga ugu galmoodka badan nool 2006 wuxuuna la shaqeeyay Helmut Newton Pires ayaa laga soo xigtay in uu ku raaxaysto moodelaynta sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka shaqada, isagoo leh, "Waxaad u safartaa adduunka, mar walbana waa bilaash, waxaad baran doontaa meelo kala duwan, waxaanan bartay Ingiriisi iyo xoogaa Talyaani iyo Faransiis ah sidoo kale." Waqtigiisa firaaqada ah , Pires wuxuu aadaa fasalka jilitaanka iyo fasalka cunto karinta, wuxuu ku celceliyaa bikram yoga wuxuuna ciyaara kubbadda cagta. Waxa uu guursaday Thaís Dos Santos, oo ah moodel reer Brazil ah oo fadhigiisu yahay magaalada New York Waxay leeyihiin wiil, Roman, oo dhashay Noofambar 2016. ==Tixraac== [http://ifdb.co/models/romulo_pires/320 Xogta Fashionka Internetka] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090313054341/http://www.people.com/people/package/sma2006/gallery/0,,1539441_1550266_1224059,00.html "Labka Caalamiga ah: Kulul Dunida Globe - ROMULO PIRES : People.com"] [https://www.instagram.com/romulopires "Aabbe, Wiil & Ninkeeda"] [https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BVfSJgWhVvJ , lammaanaha iyo Aabbaha Maanta waa kan ugu horreeya ee kuwa badan !!! Maalinta Aabbaha Farxada leh dhammaan aabayaasha ]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/BMwoI-GB7uO " ILAAH ayaa ku mahadsan inuu i siiyo nimcadan! Maanta laga bilaabo noloshu waxay leedahay macno cusub! Roman ku soo dhawoow aduunkan]{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== [http://www.iballer.com/malecelebs/pires_romulo/ Romulo Pires Photos] * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dKuDsiKE9I * [https://www.instagram.com/romulopires Rômulo Pires] on [[Instagram]] 5boiz4893ikaxrft7lf79dkc8xotfx4 0 45141 305520 290666 2026-08-18T07:39:45Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Jeleel Olasunkanmi Ojuade | image = | caption = | order = | office = Ku-xigeenka Jaamicadda Crown-Hill | term_start = 2023 | term_end = | predecessor = | successor = | birth_name = Jeleel Olasunkanmi Ojuade | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|04|18}} | birth_place = Ifetedo, Osun state | death_date = | party = | alma_mater = [[Jaamacadda Ilorin]] }} '''Jeleel Olasunkanmi Ojuade''' waa borofisar Nigerian ah oo ku takhasusay daraasaadka qoob ka ciyaarka, Professor Yoruba ugu horeysay ee Qoob ka ciyaarka ee Nigeria iyo ku xigeenka madaxa Jaamacadda Crown-Hill, Ilorin ilaa Janaayo 2023 Ka dib markii Ojuade la furay Janaayo 2023, Jaamacadda Crown-Hill waxaa loo beddelay Jaamacadda Ojaja, ka dib markii uu la wareegay jaamacadda Pro-Chancellor, Boqortooyada Yoruba, Ooni of Ife, Oba Adeyeye Ogunwusi Enitan Ọjájá II bishii Maajo, 2023. ==Nolosha== Professor Jeleel Ojuade wuxuu u dhashay Ifetedo ee gobolka Osun , mid ka mid ah gobollada galbeedka Nigeria. Waxa uu dhashay 1970. Noloshiisii ​​hore ee caruurnimadiisii ​​waxa uu ku qaatay Ifetedo laakiin waxa uu fursad u helay in uu u safro, isaga oo kooxda aabbihii u raacay gobollo kala duwan oo Nigeria ah. Ilmo ahaan, wuxuu ka qaybqaatay Bandhig Faneedka iyo Dhaqanka , oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan FESTAC '77 , kaas oo ka dhacay Lagos Nigeria 1977. Markii uu dhalinyaro ahaa, wuxuu ka qaybqaatay bandhigyada qoob ka ciyaarka labadaba heer degmo iyo heer gobol. ==Tixraac== [https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/44-years-after-ojuade-child-dancer-turned-professor-delivers-inaugural-lecture/ "44 sano ka dib, Ojuade, ilmaha qoob-ka-cayaaraha wuxuu noqday borofisar, oo jeediyay muxaadaro furitaanka"] [https://platformsafrica.com/2021/11/12/jeleel-ojuade-chronicles-of-first-professor-of-dance-in-yoruba-history/ "Jeleel Ojuade: Taariikhdii hore ee Professor qoob ka ciyaarka taariikhda Yoruba"] {{Wayback|url=https://platformsafrica.com/2021/11/12/jeleel-ojuade-chronicles-of-first-professor-of-dance-in-yoruba-history/ |date=20241130052835 }} [https://punchng.com/ive-grown-thick-skin-to-funny-comments-about-my-dancing-career-professor-of-dance-ojuade/ "Maqaar qaro weyn ayaan ka yeeshay faallooyin qosol leh oo ku saabsan xirfaddayda qoob-ka-ciyaarka - Professor of Dance, Ojuade"] 9xd93tlaa1omk2wlv7hsdg6er3v9zht 0 47700 305522 300789 2026-08-18T08:49:47Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= Kronprins Frederik (5971002509).jpg |image_size= |image_caption= MV ''Patra'' oo loo yaqaanay ''Kronprins Frederik'', la qaaday 24 Luulyo 1953. |image_alt= }} |section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= |name=''Patra'' |owner=Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta (Arab Navigation Company) |registry= Masar |route=Jeddah–Suez (1976) |ordered= |builder=A/S Helsingør Jernskibs- og Maskinbyggeri, Helsingør, Danmark |original_cost= |yard_number=262 |way_number= |laid_down=14 Noofambar 1939 |launched=20 Juun 1940 |completed= |christened= |acquired= |maiden_voyage= |in_service=1946 |out_of_service=1976 |identification=Calaamadda wicitaanka: OZHW |fate=Wuxuu qabsaday dab wuxuuna ku degay Badda Cas 24 Disembar 1976 |notes= }} |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |class= |type=[[Markabka rakaabka (ferry)]] |tonnage={{GRT|3895}} |displacement= |length={{cvt|114.48|m|ftin}} ([[Dhererka guud|guud]]) |beam={{cvt|15.20|m|ftin}} |height= |draught={{cvt|5.66|m|ftin}} |draft= |depth= |decks= |deck_clearance= |ramps= |ice_class= |sail_plan= |power=2 × Burmeister & Wain 1050-VF-90 matoorro naafto ah |propulsion=Twin screw |speed={{convert|20.25|kn|lk=in}} |capacity=358 rakaab ah |crew= |notes= }} }} '''MV ''Patra''''', oo hore loo odhan jiray '''''Kronprins Frederik''''', wuxuu ahaa [[markabka rakaabka]] laga dhisay Danmark sannadkii 1941 meel ku taal [[Helsingør]] Shipyard, Danmark. Waxa uu inta badan ka shaqayn jiray waddooyinka [[Badda Waqooyi]] isaga oo ay iska lahayd shirkadda [[Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab]] (DFDS). Bishii Maarso 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta ee Suez waxaana loo beddelay magaca ''Patra''. 24 Disembar 1976, markabkii rakaabka (ferry) wuxuu degay ka dib markii uu dab qabsaday isaga oo ka socda [[Jeddah]] una socda [[Suez]] gudaha [[Badda Cas]]. == Taariikh == === Dhismaha === 11 Janaayo 1939, Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab A/S ee Danmark waxay dalbadeen markab rakaab ah oo loogu talagalay adeegga DFDS North Sea. Markabka waxaa loogu magac daray Amiirka Dhaxalka leh Frederik ee Danmark, kaas oo markii dambe noqday [[Boqor Frederik IX]]. Markabka waxaa lagu dhisay A/S Helsingør Jernskibs og Maskinbygerri shipyard, oo ku taal Helsingør, Danmark ee dayrka No. 262. 14 Noofambar 1939, [[keelka]] ayaa la [[Keel laying|dhigay]], ''Kronprins Frederik'' ayaana la [[Ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] 20 Juun 1940.<ref name=Patra1>{{cite web |title=M/S Kronprins Frederik (1941) |url=https://www.faktaomfartyg.se/kronprins_frederik_1941.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026 |archive-date=2026-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260704104721/https://www.faktaomfartyg.se/kronprins_frederik_1941.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dhererka guud]] wuxuu ahaa {{convert|114.48|m|ftin}}, [[beam-ka]] wuxuu cabbirkiisu ahaa {{cvt|15.20|m|ftin}}, [[draft-kana]] wuxuu cabbirkiisu ahaa {{cvt|5.66|m|ftin}}. Markabka waxaa lagu qiimeeyay {{DWT|1720|disp=long}}, {{GRT|3,895|disp=long}} iyo {{NRT|2284|disp=long}}. Markabka waxaa lagu dhisay qolka cuntada ee heerka koowaad, qolka sigaarka ee heerka koowaad, iyo qolka nasashada ee heerka labaad. Tirada guud ee sariiraha waxay ahayd 302, awoodda rakaabka guudna waxay ahayd 358. Waxaa waday laba Burmeister & Wain 1050-VF-90 [[matoorro naafto ah]], kuwaas oo abuuray qiyaastii {{convert|7100|hp|lk=in}}, iyada oo xawaaraheeda adeeggu gaadhay {{convert|20.25|kn|lk=in}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=M/S Kronprins Frederik (1941–1976) |url=https://www.kwmosgaard.dk/ferries/kronprinsfrederik_1941.htm |website=Danske Færger – K.W. Mosgaard |publisher=kwmosgaard.dk |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}</ref> 19 Juun 1941, markabka waxaa loo dhiibay DFDS oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Esbjerg]], Danmark. Dillaaca [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] awgeed, qaybaha matoorka laguma rakibin markabka si looga fogaado in ay Jarmalku qabsadaan. Hull-ka markabka waxaa markii dambe loo jiiday [[Copenhagen]] waxaana la dhigay meel, halkaas oo uu ku jiray intii uu dagaalku socday. 5 Noofambar 1945, ''Kronprins Frederik'' waxaa loo jiiday Helsingør Shipyard and Machine Works si loo dhammaystiro. 11 Maarso 1946, markabku wuxuu ka dhoofay Helsingør isaga oo u sii jeeda Copenhagen wuxuuna bilaabay adeegga 25 May 1946.<ref name=Patra1/> === Hawlgallada === Isagoo bilaabaya 26 May 1946 ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu bilaabay waddada Esbjerg - [[Harwich]]. Sebteembar–Oktoobar 1946, waxaa lagu rakibay [[Decca Navigator System|DECCA Navigational System]] oo ay bixisay [[Metropolitan-Vickers|Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Export Co. Ltd.]], taas oo ka dhigaysa mid ka mid ah maraakiibtii ugu horreysay ee Danmark oo lagu rakibo qalab [[radar]] ah oo noocaas ah.<ref name=Patra2>{{cite web |title=Patria (ex. Kronprins Frederik) – Shipwrecks of Egypt |url=http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/images/shippages/patria.html |website=Shipwrecks of Egypt |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055945/http://www.shipwrecksofegypt.com/images/shippages/patria.html |archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref> 19 Abriil 1953, markabku wuxuu yimid Harwich, England wuxuuna ku xidhay Parkeston Quay, halkaas oo uu dab ka kacay qolalka rakaabka. Dadaallada dab-demiska waxaa sameeyay shaqaalaha markabka; si kastaba ha ahaatee, way awoodi waayeen inay xakameeyaan dabka. Kooxaha dab-demiska ee degaanka ayaa markii dambe yimid si ay u bixiyaan caawimo dheeraad ah welina way awoodi waayeen inay xakameeyaan dabka. Saacadu markay ahayd 22:00, markabku wuxuu bilaabay inuu dago, 05:00 subaxnimadii xigtay, wuxuu bilaabay inuu u janjeero dhinaca [[Port and starboard|midig]]. Haamaha shidaalka ayaa sidoo kale dillaacay, kuwaas oo u daatay biyaha ku xeeran dabna qabsaday. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, DFDS kama quusan markabka, ka dibna hawlgallo badbaadin oo ballaadhan, markabka ayaa si guul leh loo dabaashay 26 Ogosto 1953.<ref name=Patra2/> Waxaa loo keenay Harwich si loo sameeyo dayactir ku meel gaar ah, waxaana markii dambe safarkii u bilaabay Helsingør 13 Sebteembar 1953, si dib loogu dhiso. Shan maalmood ka dib, markabku wuxuu yimid wuxuuna ku soo noqday adeeggii 23 Abriil 1954. 7 May sannadkaas, ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu ku soo noqday adeeggii waddada Esbjerg - Harwich.<ref name=Patra1/> [[File:Kronprins Frederik & Kronprinsesse Ingrid (5768033885).jpg|thumb|''Kronprins Frederik'' (gadaal) iyo ''Kronprinsess Ingrid'' (hore), la qaaday 28 May 1949.]] Sannadkii 1964, markabku wuxuu joojiyay waddada wuxuuna bilaabay waddada Esbjerg - [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] 26 Juun 1964. Laga bilaabo 24 May 1965 ilaa 1 Juun 1965, markabka waxaa loo [[chartering (shipping)|kireeyay]] Royal Automobile Club oo fadhigeedu yahay [[Stockholm]] si ay ugu safraan inta u dhaxaysa Stockholm, [[Leningrad]], iyo Copenhagen. Laga bilaabo 2 Juun 1965 ilaa 8 Juun 1965, markabku wuxuu u shaqaynayay sidii safar u dhexeeya Copenhagen, [[Leith]], Newcastle, iyo Esbjerg. Laga bilaabo 10 Juun 1965, ilaa 11 Sebteembar 1965, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle. 15 Janaayo 1966, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Copenhagen - [[Tórshavn]] - [[Klaksvík]] - [[Trangisvágur]] - [[Reykjavík]]. Laga bilaabo 10 Juun 1966 ilaa 11 Sebteembar 1966, markabku wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle. Markii dambe wuxuu u beddelay waddada Copenhagen - Tórshavn - Klaksvík - Trangisvágur - Reykjavík ee bishaas.<ref name=Patra1/> 5 Oktoobar 1970, wicitaannadii Reykjavík waa la joojiyay, markabkana waxaa dib loo dhisay si uu u bixiyo hoyga hal-fasal oo kaliya sannadkii 1971. 4 May 1971, waxaa loo diiwaangeliyay DFDS A/S. 2 May 1972, wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Tórshavn - Trangisvágur. Xilliyadii xagaaga laga bilaabo 1972 ilaa 1974, wuxuu ka shaqaynayay waddada Esbjerg - Newcastle - Tórshavn. 9 Luulyo 1974, ''Kronprins Frederik'' wuxuu yimid Esbjerg si uu u sameeyo safarkii ugu dambeeyay ee DFDS. Ka dib 35 sano oo adeeg ah oo hoos yimaada DFDS sida ''Kronprins Frederik'', waxaa loo dhigay Esbjerg waxaana loo dhiibay iib. 10 Maarso 1976, markabka waxaa loo iibiyay Shirkadda Maraakiibta Carabta ee Suez, Masar.<ref name=Patra1/> === Sida ''Patra'' === 16 Maarso 1976, ''Kronprins Frederik'' waxaa la wareegay milkiilayaasheeda cusub waxaana markii dambe loo beddelay ''Patra''.<ref name=Patra1/> 24 Disembar 1976, qolka matoorka ee ''Patra'' ayaa dab qabsaday isaga oo ku sugan [[Badda Cas]] qiyaastii {{convert|50|mi}} u jirta [[Jeddah]]. Wuxuu u sii jeeday Suez isaga oo ka socda Jeddah, isaga oo siday 387 rakaab ah iyo 94 xubnood oo shaqaale ah, kuwaas oo badankoodu ahaayeen Muslimiin ka soo noqonayay xajka magaalooyinka [[Mecca]] iyo [[Medina]]. Dabku wuxuu noqday mid aan la xakameyn karin, rakaabkana waxaa la amray inay ku boodaan badda halkaas oo maraakiib u dhow ay sugayeen inay soo qaadaan. Tanker-kii Ruushka [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]] ''Lenino'' ayaa soo qaaday kabtankii markabka iyo 201 qof oo ka badbaaday burburka waxaana loo keenay [[Cairo]]. Subaxnimadii 25 Disembar, ''Patra'' wuxuu degay isaga oo weli gubanaya. Hawlgalkii badbaadinta waxaa kale oo ka mid ahaa nus darsin maraakiib kale oo ka socda Mareykanka, Giriiga, Jarmalka, iyo Bakistaan. Rakaabkii iyo shaqaalihii saarnaa, 102 ayaa dhintay.<ref>{{cite news |title=100 La Soo Sheegay Inay Ku Dhimatay Degista Badda Cas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/12/26/archives/100-reported-dead-in-red-sea-sinking-the-total-of-victims-from.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 Disembar 1976 |accessdate=14 Janaayo 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=طالب كويتي من بين الناجين من الباخرة المصرية «باترا» يحكي تفاصيل رحلة الموت |url=https://www.alqabas.com/article/5902716-1976-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%**D**A%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA |publisher=Al-Qabas |language=ar |accessdate=15 Janaayo 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Markab gubanaya ayaa degay; 100 ayaa ku dhintay Badda Cas |url=https://greenbaypressgazette.newspapers.com/image/189859384/ |newspaper=Green Bay Press-Gazette |page=2 |date=26 Disembar 1976 |location=Green Bay, Wisconsin |accessdate=15 Janaayo 2026}}</ref> Burburku wuxuu yaallaa sagxadda Badda Cas ee qoto dheer oo ka badan {{convert|450|m|ft|-1}}, oo ku taal qiyaastii {{coord|21|33|36|N|38|16|48|E|display=inline,title}}.<ref name=Patra1/> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Patra}} kuetn3ikzhv5o49k20b358thpwtyuym 0 47701 305526 303094 2026-08-18T09:47:44Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ship |infobox_caption=''Naxos Jet'' |display_title=ital |section1={{Infobox ship/image | image = |image_caption = Naxos Jet oo ku sugan [[Irakleia, Cyclades|Irakleia]] }} |section2={{Infobox ship/career | country =Giriigga | flag = {{shipboxflag|Greece}} | name = *1992–1994: ''Seacat Scotland'' *1994–1995: ''Q Ship Express'' *1995–2007: ''Seacat Scotland'' *2007-2007: ''Shikra'' *2007–2010: ''Al Huda II'' *2010–2016: ''Cyclades Express'' *2016–Hadda: ''Naxos Jet'' | namesake = | owner = | operator = *1992–1994: [[SeaCat]] *1994–1995: [[Q Ships]] *1995–1997: [[SeaCat]] *1997–1998: [[Navegacion Atlantica]] *1998–2003: [[SeaCat]] *2003–2004: [[Hoverspeed]] *2004–2007: laid up *2007–2010: [[Fortune Maritime]] *2010–2016: [[NEL Lines]] *2016–hadda: [[Seajets]] | registry = *1992–1997: {{flag|Bahamas}} *1997–2007: {{flag|United Kingdom|civil}} *2007–2010: {{flag|Panama}} *2010–hadda: {{flag|Greece|civil}} | builder = [[Incat]], Awstraaliya | yard_number = 028 | route = | ordered = | awarded = | laid_down = | launched = 29 Oktoobar 1991 | christened = | completed = | maiden_voyage = 1992 | in_service = 1992 | out_of_service = | renamed = | homeport = | identification = {{IMO Number|8919518}} | status = Adeegga ku jira. | notes = | badge = }} |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics | hide_header = | header_caption = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/seacat_scotland_1992.htm|title=HSC Seacat Scotland (1992)|access-date=2026-06-24|archive-date=2026-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260624231406/https://www.faktaomfartyg.se/seacat_scotland_1992.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> | class = | type = | tonnage = {{GT|3,003}} | length = {{convert|74|m|ft|abbr=on}} | beam = {{convert|26|m|ft|abbr=on}} | draught = {{convert|2.4|m|ft|abbr=on}} | propulsion = *4 × [[Ruston (engine builder)|Ruston]] 16RK 270 matoorro naafto ah *4 × [[Wartsila|Lips]] water-jets | speed = {{convert|36|kn|km/h}} | range = | capacity = *500 rakaab ah *88 gaadiid ah | sensors = | notes = }} }} '''''Naxos Jet''''' waa markab [[High-speed craft|xawaare sare]] oo [[catamaran]] ah oo ay maamusho [[Seajets]] gudaha [[Aegean Sea|Aegean]]. ==Taariikh== '''''Naxos Jet''''' waxaa la dhisay sannadkii 1992-kii iyada oo ah '''''Seacat Scotland''''' oo loo dhisay shirkadda [[Sea Containers]]. Waxaa loo dhisay si loo [[Inauguration|daahfuro]] adeeg markab xawaare sare leh oo cusub oo u dhexeeya [[Stranraer]] iyo [[Belfast]]. Kahor inta aan la bilaabin adeegga [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|North Channel]] waxay si kooban uga shaqaynaysay waddada [[Dover]] ilaa [[Calais]] ee loogu talagalay [[Hoverspeed]]. Jiilaalkii 1994/1995 waxaa loo [[Chartering (shipping)|kireeyay]] hawlwadeenka bariga dhexena [[Middle East|middle eastern]] ee Q Ships si ay ugu adeegaan [[Red Sea]]. doorkan waxaa loo beddelay magaca '''''Q Ship Express'''''. Intii uu socday kireynta, waddada Stranraer – Belfast waxaa maamuli jiray [[HSC Snaefell|Seacat Isle of Man]]. Markii la dhammaystiray kireynta, waxay ku noqotay waddada [[Stranraer]] – [[Belfast]], iyada oo u beddeshay magaceedii asalka ahaa. ''Seacat Scotland'' ayaa markale la kireeyay jiilaalkii 1997/1998. Markan shirkadda maraakiibta ee [[Uruguay]]an ee Navegacion Atlantida S.A. si ay ugu adeegto [[Río de la Plata|River Plate]]. Waxay ku soo noqotay North Channel xilliga xagaaga ee 1998. [[Sea Containers]] waxay ka baxday Stranraer sannadkii 2000 iyada oo doorbiday [[Troon]] ka dib tartankii culus ee ka yimid [[Stena Line]] iyo [[P&O Irish Sea]] ee [[Loch Ryan]]. ''Seacat Scotland'' waxay ka shaqaynaysay waddada Belfast – Troon ilaa 2003 markii lagu beddelay [[HSC Jaume II|''Rapide'']]. ''Seacat Scotland'' waxay u wareegtay waddada Hoverspeed Dover – Calais oo ay ka shaqaynaysay ''Seacat Danmark'' iyo ''Seacat France''. Waxay ku sii jirtay [[English Channel]] ilaa Sebteembar 2005 markii mar kale lagu beddelay [[HSC Jaume II|''Rapide'']]. Waxay ka baxday Dover Sebteembar 2004 iyada oo u sii jeedda dayrka Pallion ee [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]]. Waxay ku sii jirtay Sunderland ilaa laga iibinayay Fortune Maritime Enterprises. Waxay ka baxtay Sunderland Abriil 2007<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.doverferryphotos.co.uk/pastandpresent/scot.htm |title=Welcome to Dover Ferry Photos &#124; Past and Present - Seacat Scotland |access-date=2010-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106175640/http://www.doverferryphotos.co.uk/pastandpresent/scot.htm |archive-date=2010-01-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyada oo u sii jeedda [[Keratsini]] sida '''''Shikra'''''. Kahor inta aan la gelin adeegga u dhexeeya [[Port Safaga|Safaga]] iyo [[Dhuba]] waxaa loo beddelay magaca '''''Al Huda I'''''. Bishii Luulyo 2010 ''Al Huda I'' waxay timid [[Perama]]. Intii lagu jiray dayactirkeeda waxaa lagu rinjiyeeyay livery-ga [[NEL Lines]] waxaana loo beddelay magaca '''''Cyclades Express'''''. Horraantii 2016, ''Cyclades Express'' waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda markabka ee Seajets waxaana la qorsheeyay in loo beddelo magaca '''''Naxos Jet'''''. Laga soo bilaabo 2016 oo hoos timaada magaca ''Naxos Jet'' wuxuuna shaqeeyaa xagaa kasta laga bilaabo Piraeus ilaa jasiiradaha Aegean. ==Maraakiibta la walaalka ah== * ''[[HSC Cat|Cat]]'' * ''[[High Speed Jet|Speedrunner 1]]'' * ''[[Caldera Vista|Master Jet]]'' * ''Pescara Jet'' * ''[[Condor 10]]'' * ''Mandarin'' Waxaa sidoo kale jira laba maraakiib kale oo 74m ah oo ay dhistay Incat laakiin waxay muujinayaan farqi cad oo u dhexeeya maraakiibta naqshadeynta 74m ee heerka sare ah. Kuwani waa:- * ''Patricia Olivia'' – Hoyga rakaabka oo wax laga beddelay iyo daaqadaha hore. * ''Atlantic III'' – Waxay leedahay muuqaalka naqshadda Incat 78m. Waxaa sidoo kale jira laba maraakiib kale oo 74m ah oo ay dhistay Incat laakiin waxay muujinayaan farqi cad oo u dhexeeya maraakiibta naqshadeynta 74m ee heerka sare ah. Kuwani waa:- * ''Patricia Olivia'' – Hoyga rakaabka oo wax laga beddelay iyo daaqadaha hore. * ''Atlantic III'' – Waxay leedahay muuqaalka naqshadda Incat 78m. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} g6gzspyewlgmwtyczoq62du1rkm2er7 0 47707 305523 299985 2026-08-18T08:51:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''MV ''Salem Express''''' wuxuu ahaa [[markab rakaab]] oo Masri-Faransiis ah oo ku degay [[Badweynta Cas]]. Wuxuu caan ku yahay khasaarihii nafeed ee ba'anaa ee dhacay markii uu degay wax yar ka dib markii uu ku dhacay reef abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo ee 14 Diseembar 1991.<ref name=Lloyds/><ref name="L.A. Times">{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Ferry Survivors Describe a Night of Horror, Heroism : Sea disaster: 485 are still missing in sinking of Egyptian vessel. First officer's actions questioned. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-17-mn-596-story.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |publisher=L.A. Times |date=17 December 1991}}</ref> Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis.<ref name="wreckproject"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga & Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com">{{cite news |last1=Murphy |first1=Kim |title=Up to 470 Missing as Egyptian Ferry Hits Red Sea Reef, Sinks |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-16-mn-491-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=16 December 1991}}</ref> Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].<ref name="wreckproject"/> {{Coord|26|38|22.02|N|34|3|39.9|E|type:landmark|display=title}} {{Infobox ship |section1={{Infobox ship/image |image= ScamaroniCGT1966.jpg |image_caption= MS ''Fred Scamaroni'' oo ku sugan [[Marseille]] }} |section2={{Infobox ship/career |hide_header= |country= |flag= |name=*1966–1980: ''Fred Scamaroni'' *1980–1981: ''Nuits Saint Georges'' *1981–1984: ''Lord Sinai'' *1984–1988: ''Al Tahra'' *1988–1991: ''Salem Express'' |namesake= |owner=*1966–1969: [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]] *1969–1976: CGTM *1976–1980: [[SNCM]] *1980: Ole Lauritzen France *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise *1988-1991: Samatour Shipping Company<ref name="Salem Express">{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}</ref> |operator=*1966–1969: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique *1969–1976: CGTM *1976–1979: SNCM *1980: Dunkerque Ramsgate Ferries *1981–1988: Lord Maritime Enterprise *1988-1991: Samatour Lines |registry= *1966–1980: [[Marseille]], {{flag|France}} *1980–1981: [[Dunkirk]], {{flag|France}} *1981–1991: [[Alexandria]], {{flag|Egypt}} |route= |ordered=15 Janaayo 1963 |builder=[[Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée|Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée]], [[La Seyne Sur Mer]], {{flag|France}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |access-date=4 November 2020 |title=the Salem Express - Red Sea Wrecks|date=10 June 2013 }}</ref> |original_cost= |yard_number=1368 |way_number= |laid_down=Juun 1963 |launched=30 Noofambar 1964 |sponsor= |christened= |completed= |acquired= 13 Maajo 1966 |maiden_voyage= 14 Juun 1966 |in_service=1966–1991 |out_of_service= 15 Diseembar 1991 |refit= |identification=*[[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: 1966–1981: FNOC *{{IMO Number|6502311}} |fate= Wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, 15 Diseembar 1991,<ref>[https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?102874 Wrecksite - Salem Express 1966-1991]</ref> waxaana la sheegay in ay ku dhinteen 470 rakaab iyo shaqaale ah |notes= }} |section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics |hide_header= |header_caption= |type=[[Ferry]] |tonnage= {{GT|4771}}<ref name=Lloyds>{{cite web |title=from Lloyds Casualty Reports |url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |publisher=cited by Dr Rolf Skjong |access-date=4 November 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |displacement= |length={{convert|115|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |beam={{convert|17.83|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |height= |draught={{convert|4.78|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |depth= |decks= |ramps= |ice_class= |power=*2 × [[SEMT Pielstick]] 8PC2L *14,880 Hp (wada jir) |propulsion=Laba usle; [[controllable pitch propeller]]s |speed= {{convert|20|kn}} |range= |capacity=*1,256 rakaab<ref name=Lloyds/> *428 sariirood oo rakaab ah *145 gaadiid |crew= 63 |notes= }} }} Tirada rasmiga ah ee dhimashada waxay ahayd 470, in kastoo cadaymo qaarkood ay soo jeedinayaan in markabku uu ahaa mid dad badan saaran yihiin (overcrowded) oo tirada dhimashada dhabta ahi ay ka badnaan karto, malaha in ka badan 1,600.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt; Safaga & Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}</ref> ''Salem Express'' wuxuu ahaa markab rakaab oo [[roll-on/roll-off]] ah kaas oo shaqaynayay 25 sano, iyadoo lahayd mulkiilayaal, magacyo, iyo waddooyin joogto ah oo kala duwan wakhtigaas. Markabka waxaa markii hore loo bixiyay ''Fred Scamaroni'', oo loogu magac daray xubin ka tirsan [[is-ka-caabbinta Faransiiska]] ee [[Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] kaas oo la qabtay oo la jirdilay, naftiisa ku diley qolkiisa isagoon shaacin hawlgalkiisa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=https://www.normandy1944.info/stories/fred-scamaroni |website=D-Day, Normandy and Beyond |access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref> Dhismaha waxaa la bilaabay Juun 1963. Noofambar 1964 waxaa la [[ceremonial ship launching|daahfuray]] waxaana loo [[Towing|jiiday]] [[Port-de-Bouc]] si loo dhamaystiro, waxaana ugu dambeyntii loo dhiibay Juun 1965 shirkadda [[Compagnie Générale Transatlantique]], [[Marseille]], France. Dab ka kacay [[qolka matoorka]] ayaa dib u dhigay safarkiisii ugu horreeyay ee 26 Juun 1966. Juun 1966 wuxuu bilaabay inuu ku shaqeeyo jidkiisii ugu horreeyay ee u dhexeeya Marseille iyo [[Ajaccio]]. Janaayo 1967, wuxuu ku dhacay dekada Ajaccio; iyo Abriil 1970 dab ayaa ka kacay intii uu ku sii jeeday [[Bastia]]. Intii uu ka shaqaynayay jidka [[Dunkirk]] – [[Ramsgate]] ee 1980, wuxuu ku xayirmay xeebta, munaasabad kalena wuxuu sababay saxmad gaadiid sababo la xiriira culayska xamuulka gaadiidka oo gaabis ahaa. 1988 waxaa loo iibiyay shirkadda Samatour Shipping Company, [[Suez]], Masar, waxaana loo bixiyay ''Salem Express''; jidkiisa loo qorsheeyay wuxuu ahaa inta u dhaxaysa Suez iyo [[Jeddah]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fred Scamaroni |url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/fred_scamaroni_1965.htm |website=Fakta om Fartyg |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=20 Bisha Labaad 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220104136/http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/fred_scamaroni_1965.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Safarkii ugu dambeeyay== Safarkiisii ugu dambeeyay, ''Salem Express'' wuxuu sameeyay safarkiisa caadiga ah ee {{convert|450|mi|adj=on}} ee u dhexeeya Jeddah, Sacuudi Carabiya, iyo [[Safaga]], Masar, kaas oo qaatay qiyaastii 36 saacadood; waxay qorsheeyeen inay dajiyaan 350 rakaab ah, ka hor intaysan sii wadin safarka woqooyi ee Suez. Jidkani wuxuu ahaa jadwalka caadiga ah ee markabka tan iyo 1988. Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay laba maalmood Sacuudi Carabiya cillad xagga farsamada ah.<ref name="redseawreckproject.com">{{cite web |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project |date=21 August 2013 |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> Habeenkii uu degayay markabku wuxuu ahaa mid duufaan leh. Inta badan rakaabku waxay ahaayeen Moroccan-Faransiis. Kuwa badankood waxay ka soo laabanayeen [[xajka]] [[Makka]].<ref name="wreckproject">{{cite web |author=Lee |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.redseawreckproject.com/2013/08/21/salem-express/ |website=Red Sea Wreck Project|date=21 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com"/> Quusitaanka loo sameeyay burburka markabka waxay xaqiijinayaan niyadda "fasaxa" ee markabka, iyadoo boorsooyinka ay ka buuxaan hadiyado loo waday xubnaha qoyska. Xujeyda ka soo laabanaysay Makka waxay xirnaayeen dhar qurxoon si ay u dabaaldegaan.<ref name="touregypt.net">{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=5 November 2020}}</ref> Markabku wuxuu ku xayirmay reef-ka coral-ka oo u jira inta u dhaxaysa {{convert|6|–|10|mi}} xeebta, ka dib markii uu ka leexday jidkiisii qorshaysnaa. Reef-ku wuxuu dalool ka furay qaybta hore ee midigta [[Bow (watercraft)|sanka]], wuxuuna garaacay albaabka hore ee markabka - taas oo u oggolaatay biyaha badda inay galaan sagxadda baabuurta.<ref name="redseawreckproject.com"/> Maraakiibta RoRo way [[Roll-on/roll-off#Seaworthiness|aad u nugul yihiin]] marka sagxadda baabuurta la jebiyo. Diiwaanka rasmiga ah ee Lloyd's Marine Casualties wuxuu dhigayaa: <blockquote> Intii uu u soo dhawaanayay Safaga saqda dhexe ee habeenkii iyadoo cimiladu ay xun tahay, Kabtanku wuxuu qaatay dariiq gaaban oo aan loo oggolaan safarka habeenkii. Markabku wuxuu ku dhacay reef wuxuuna degay 20 daqiiqo gudahood. </blockquote> Warbixinnadii hore waxay sheegeen in markabku uu dabaysha xooggan darted uga leexday jidkiisa. Tan waxaa taageeray sarkaalkii labaad ee markabka, Khalid Mamdouh Ahmed, oo shaqadiisu ahayd inuu qeexo jidka dekedda - isagoo sheegay in aan wax isbeddel ah la samayn.<ref name="L.A. Times"/> Idaacadda dawladda [[Cairo]] ayaa soo xigatay saraakiisha Samatour oo leh markabku wuxuu ka leexday jidkiisii cimilada xun awgeed iyo in la isku dayay, oo ay u muuqato mid aan lagu guulaysan, in looga digay.<ref name="latimes.com"/> Baarayaasha Masar waxay sheegeen inaysan helin wax warbixin ah oo muujinaya in ''Salem Express'' uu ka leexday jadwalkiisa.<ref name="L.A. Times"/> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aaminaad kale ayaa ah in markabka si ulakac ah loogu qaaday jid kale kabtanku isagoo isku dayaya dariiq gaaban, si loo yareeyo wakhtiga safarka dhowr saacadood. Tan waxaa warisay wargeyska ''Al Ahram''.<ref name="nytimesbodies"/> Kabtan Hassan Moro wuxuu amrayay markabka tan iyo 1988 wuxuuna aqoon u lahaa biyaha, waxaana la sheegay inuu caan ku ahaa qaadashada dariiq gaaban oo u dhexeeya [[Hyndman Reef]] iyo xeebta oo ka imanaya dhinaca koonfureed, halkii uu ka mari lahaa hareeraha [[Panorama Reef]] ee dhinaca woqooyi.<ref name="redseawreckproject.com"/> Ka dhoofitaanka markabka waxaa dib u dhigay dhibaatooyin xagga farsamada ah oo ka dhacay Sacuudi Carabiya laba maalmood.<ref name="redseawreckproject.com"/> Dhowr xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah ayaa sheegay in kabtanku uu degdegayay, Hassan wuxuu xusuustay, kalkaalisada markabka Hanan Salah waxay sheegtay in shaqaaluhu ay degdegayeen iyagoo rajaynaya inay helaan joogsi habeenimo oo buuxa si ay ugu nastaan Safaga ka hor intaysan sii wadin Suez.<ref name="L.A. Times"/> Tani waa sheekada ugu badan ee lagu soo warramay ilo warbaahineed oo labaad. ===Degitaanka=== Markabku wuxuu u qorshaysnaa inuu dekedda soo gaaro 11:30 habeenimo. Shaqaaluhu way degganaayeen mana aysan filaynin masiibada; Kabtan Hassan Khalil Moro wuxuu ku nasanayay qolkiisa, sida ay caadadiisu ahayd, iyadoo sarkaalka koowaad uu ku sugnaa buundada. Abaarihii 11:13 habeenimo, jug ayaa ruxday markabka markii uu ku xayirmay xeebta, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu gariiro. Aad u dhakhso badan ka dib, wuxuu bilaabay inuu [[Angle of list|u liisiyo]] hal dhinac, nalalkiina way dammeen. Kabtanku wuxuu dhawaaqay calaamadda gurmadka. Markabku wuxuu biyaha hoostooda ka galay 11 daqiiqo gudahood, isagoo ku xiray boqollaal dad ah sagxadda hoosteeda, wuxuuna degay gabi ahaanba 20 daqiiqo gudahood. Xawaaraha degitaanka ayaa abuuray argagax sagxadda. Mid ka mid ah [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|doomaha badbaadada]] ayaa la diray. Kalkaaliye Salah waxay sheegtay inaysan jirin wakhti dadka looga caawiyo doomaha badbaadada; badbaadayaal kale ayaa ka cabtay inay dhib kala kulmeen hawlgelinta doomaha badbaadada, iyo in qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ay iska fogeeyeen si ay iyagu doomaha u qaataan.<ref name="nytimesbodies"/> Qaar ka mid ah xubnaha shaqaalaha ayaa u degay markabka si ay u garaacaan albaabbada qolalka oo ay toosiyaan rakaabka; Shaaban abu Siriya, oo ka baxay qolkiisa sababtoo ah wuxuu maqlay xubnaha shaqaalaha oo qaylinaya, wuxuu yiri "Wuu degay gabi ahaanba hal mar, waxaanan ku dhowaad waayay wakhti aan ku baxsado."<ref name="L.A. Times"/> Cimilada xun ayaa ka dhigtay badbaadada biyaha mid aad u adag. Isku dayga samatabbixinta habeenkaas laguma samayn duufaanta awgeed.<ref name="latimes.com"/> Hal badbaade ayaa heshay [[doon badbaado]] biyaha duufaanka leh ka dib afar saacadood oo ay ku dhegganayd ruxitaan alwaax ah; waxaa ka buuxay biyo iyo saddex meydad. Iyada oo la jirta nin kale, waxay badbaadisay 15 qof oo saaray doonta - kaliya inay ku rogmanaysay hirarka sare 7 subaxnimo. Nin kale ayaa ku sifeeyay badbaadayaal kale oo ku dheggan isla albaab alwaax ah oo hirarku ay qaadeen. Ismail Abdel Hassan, oo ahaa dabaasha dabaasha dheer ee hiwaayadda u leh oo u shaqaynayay injineer beeraha, wuxuu istaagay sagxadda markabka markii uu degayay. Wuxuu raacay nalalka dekedda wuxuuna u dabaashay xeebta, isagoo badbaaday 18 saacadood biyaha. Wuxuu isku dayay inuu laba nin oo kale u hoggaamiyo meel ammaan ah, kuwaas oo ku dhegganaa dharkiisa, laakiin mid kastaa wuxuu u dhintay daal jidkii.<ref name="L.A. Times"/> === Samatabbixinta iyo soo kabashada === Cimilada xun awgeed, samatabbixiyeyaashu ma aysan bilaabi karin shaqada ilaa waaberigii 15 Diseembar, iyadoo {{convert|10|ft|adj=on}} hirar ah iyo dabaylo xooggan ay ka dhigeen hawlgalka samatabbixinta mid adag. Dadaallada hore waxaa qaaday afar markab oo ciidamada badda Masar ah, saddex [[Egyptian Air Force|ciidamada cirka]] [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130]] diyaaradaha gaadiidka iyo afar helikobtar, iyadoo ay taageerayaan helikobtarrada ciidamada badda ee Mareykanka iyo Australia; doonyaha badbaadada iyo [[lifejacket]]s ayaa loo daadshay badbaadayaasha, doonyaha dalxiiskuna waxay ka caawiyeen inay dadka ka soo badbaadiyaan badda.<ref name="L.A. Times"/> 150 qof ayaa la sheegay in la badbaadiyay 15 Diseembar, oo ka mid ah 180 badbaadayaal ugu dambeyntii, iyadoo isku dayga samatabbixinta mar kale la joojiyay habeenkii cimilada iyo mugdiga awgeed. Baadhitaanka iyo soo kabashada ayaa sii socday intii lagu jiray 16 Diseembar.<ref name="latimes.com"/> Maamulka Masar ayaa markii hore qorsheeyay inay kor u qaadaan markabka. Waxaa la ogaaday inuu ku yaallay dhinaca midig ee sagxadda badda. Soo kabashada waxaa la joojiyay saddex maalmood ka dib maadaama ay aad u khatar ahayd<ref name="The Salem Express">{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.touregypt.net/vdc/Salemexp.htm |website=Tour Egypt |access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref> in la sii wado ilaa heerarka hoose ee markabka. === Dhibbanayaasha === 17 Diseembar, [[Ciidamada Badda ee Masar]] waxay bilaabeen hawlgallada soo kabashada, iyadoo ay taageerayaan 23 xirfadlayaal quusitaanka maxalliga ah iyo hiwaayadleyda [[Hurghada]] iyo Safaga.<ref name="wreckproject"/> 40 ilaa 50 meydad ayaa la soo saaray maalintii ugu horreysay.<ref>{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain, Others From Ferry |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-12-18-mn-563-story.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |newspaper=LA Times |date=18 December 1991}}</ref> Xubnaha qoyska ayaa ku ururay dekedda. Dhibbanayaasha la soo saaray inta badan waxay ahaayeen dhinaca sare ee bidix ee markabka; kabtankii markabka, Hassan Khalil Moro, iyo laba xubnood oo kale oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah waxaa laga helay aagga buundada, taas oo ka hor imanaysa xanta ah inuu ku baxsaday doon badbaado.<ref name="nytimesbodies">{{cite news |title=Divers Recover Bodies of Captain And Others From Egyptian Ferry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/world/divers-recover-bodies-of-captain-and-others-from-egyptian-ferry.html |access-date=4 November 2020 |agency=Associated Press |work=New York Times |date=18 December 1991}}</ref> Qaar badan oo ka mid ah dadkii dhintay ayaa ku xannibmay markabka dhexdiisa markii uu degayay. In kasta oo dhaqanka [[Islam]]iga uu door bidayo in laga fogaado aaska badda meeshii suurtagal ah,<ref>{{cite web |title=Burial at Sea |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial_at_sea#Islam |website=Wikipedia}}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=February 2021}} waxay bannaan tahay marka aysan jirin doorasho kale, iyo waddooyinka laga galo markabka ayaa la alxamay si looga hortago meydadka in la carqaladeeyo iyadoo la isku dayayo in goobta loo ilaaliyo sida qabuurihii. Tirada rakaabka iyo dadka degay labaduba waa la isku khilaafsan yahay. Warbixinnadii hore intii lagu jiray dhibaatada ayaa ku dhibtooday inay si sax ah u qeexaan tirooyinka, iyadoo maamulku ay bixinayaan warbixinnada iska hor imanaya: <blockquote> Sedki ayaa markii hore ku dhawaaqay galabnimadii Axadda hore in 202 qof la badbaadiyay. Ka dib, telefishinka Masar ayaa sheegay in ra'iisul wasaaruhu uu tiriyay 178 la badbaadiyay. Waxa kale oo jiray hubanti la'aan ku saabsan tirada dadka saarnaa markabka. Liiska shirkadda maraakiibta ayaa la sheegay inuu qoray 658 qof oo saarnaa, oo ay ku jiraan 71-ka xubnood ee shaqaalaha, halka waaxda amniga dekedda ee Safaga ay tirada guud ku sheegtay kaliya 589.<ref name="latimes.com"/> </blockquote> Warbixinta rasmiga ah ee Lloyds Maritime Casualties waxay sheegtay inay jireen 644 rakaab ah wadarta guud - 180 badbaadayaal, 117 meydad la soo saaray, oo ka mid ah 464 wadarta guud ee dhibbanayaasha. Ilo kale ayaa rakaabka siiya 650 qof - 578 rakaab ah iyo 72 shaqaale ah.<ref name="The Salem Express"/> Warbixin wararka casriga ah ayaa siinaysa wadarta wax yar ka duwan oo ah 664 rakaab ah, iyadoo 179 badbaadayaal ah iyo 485 maqan waqtiga daabacaadda, iyadoo leh 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah.<ref name="L.A. Times"/> ''The New York Times'' ayaa soo warisay in kaliya 10 ka mid ah 71 xubnood oo shaqaale ah ay badbaadeen.<ref name="nytimesbodies"/> Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilo kale ayaa sheegaya in tirada dhimashada, ama wadarta dhabta ah ee meydadka la soo saaray ay ahayd 850,<ref name="wreckproject"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://kiwibavarianphotography.wordpress.com/2013/06/10/the-salem-express-red-sea-wrecks/ |website=Kiwi Bavarian Photography |title=Salem Express |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref> iyo in doonidu ay ku rarnayd rakaab badan labadaba sagxadda iyo kuwa taagan sagxadda baabuurta. Isha asalka ah ee mala-awaalkan waa mid aan caddayn. ===Baadhitaan=== Sida loo soo saarayo meydadka, Ra'iisul Wasaare [[Atef Sedki]] wuxuu amray hawlgallada baadhitaanka si loo eego cadaymaha; 16-kii, mas'uuliyiinta Masar ayaa xiray toddoba xubnood oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah si loo baaro sababta degitaanka.<ref name="L.A. Times"/> ==Quusitaan== [[file:Diving Salem Express.JPG|thumbnail|right|]] Burburka markabka wuxuu yaallaa xeebta Port Safaga, Hyndman reef, 26º39’01″N; 34º03’48″E; qoto dheer oo {{convert|32|m}} sagxadda badda, {{convert|12|m}} dhinaca burburka markabka. Doorashada in lagu quusto goobta waxay weli tahay mid muran ka taagan yahay bulshooyinka quusitaanka, sababtoo ah khasaaraha culus ee nolosha rayidka ah, joogitaanka joogtada ah ee meydadka goobta burburka, sida ay ugu dhowdahay markabku, iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay bulshooyinka u dhow; xaaladda sharciga ah ayaa la isku khilaafsan yahay.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scubaboard.com/community/threads/cave-and-wreck-diving.527417/page-5#post-7692637 |title=Scuba Board |access-date=2008-03-29}}</ref> In kasta oo safarro badan oo loo tago burburka ay diyaar yihiin, qaar ka mid ah Hagaha Quusitaanka maxalliga ah kuma raaxaystaan ama waxay mamnuucaan gelitaanka burburka,<ref name="The Salem Express"/> iyo quusayaasha inta badan waxay soo sheegaan dareen murugo ama aan degganayn oo ay ka qabaan khibradda. Kuwo kale waxay u booqdaan mid ka mid ah burburka badan ee aagga, iyagoo u arka inay la mid tahay booqashada goob dagaal taariikhi ah ama markab kale oo ay ku nafwaayeen. In kasta oo la sheegay in la alxamay, markabka waxaa laga geli karaa meelo badan, iyo degitaankiisa dhow waxay ka dhigan tahay inuu yahay mid aan dhaawacmin, iyo koritaanka corals. Waxaa lagu yaqaannaa xaddi badan oo walxo si wanaagsan loo ilaaliyay oo ku jira goobta qashinka iyo markabka dhexdiisa, oo ay ku jiraan shandado iyo alaabta rakaabka: "roogag, stereos la qaadan karo, xitaa baaskiillo iyo gaadhiga carruurta"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vercoe |first1=Rik |title=The Salem Express |url=http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |website=Dive Site Directory |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214171019/http://www.divesitedirectory.co.uk/dive_site_red_sea_safaga_wreck_salem_express.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> iyo doomaha badbaadada ee sagxadda badda.<ref name="Salem Express">{{cite web |last1=Middleton |first1=Ned |title=Salem Express |url=https://www.cdws.travel/wreck-diving/salem-express |website=CDWS}}</ref> Qaar ka mid ah quusayaashu waxay xoogga saaraan muhiimadda aysan u faragelin goobta si loogu tixgeliyo, halka kuwo kalena ay furaan shandado oo ay soo saaraan xusuusyo. ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [https://giddeonzeix.smugmug.com/Diving/Salem/ Diving Salem Express] {{Wayback|url=https://giddeonzeix.smugmug.com/Diving/Salem/ |date=20241204091912 }} Sawirro ku saabsan Salem Express gudaha iyo dibadda * [http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf Sharraxaadda Daadgureynta Markabka Rakaabka] {{Wayback|url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |date=20180930132847 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |date=2018-09-30 }} - waxa ku jira sharraxaadda rasmiga ah ee Lloyds ee degitaanka, iyo maraakiib kale oo badan oo la mid ah {{DEFAULTSORT:Salem Express}} pj7e8rqz0f3toyi394luzrb85b839xw 0 47741 305530 299171 2026-08-18T11:22:14Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditerranée | logo = | caption = | type = | genre = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | founded = 1969 (Sida CGTM)<br>1976 (Sida SNCM) | founder = | defunct = 2016 (Sida SNCM) | hq_location_city = | hq_location_country = | hq_location = [[Marseille]], [[Faransiiska]] | num_locations = | area_served = [[Faransiiska]], [[Talyaaniga]], [[Aljeeriya]], [[Tuniisiya]] | key_people = | industry = Gaadiidka rakaabka<br>Gaadiidka xamuulka | products = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsidiaries = | website = [https://web.archive.org/*/https://www.sncm.fr www.sncm.fr] | footnotes = | intl = }} [[Image:Mv-Danielle-Casanova-Bastia-fr-01.jpg|thumb|260px|[[MS Danielle Casanova|MS ''Danielle Casanova'']] oo ka dhoofaysa dekedda [[Bastia]]]] [[File:Pascal paoli port de bastia.jpg|thumb|260px|[[MS Pascal Paoli|MS ''Pascal Paoli'']]]] '''Shirkadda Qaran ee Maraakiibta Corsica iyo Badda Mediterranean''' ('''SNCM''') waxay ahayd shirkad [[kivuko]] Faransiis ah oo ka hawlgasha Badda Dhexe. Kivukadeedu waxay ka dhoofayeen [[Marseille]], [[Toulon]], [[Nice]] oo ku taal dhulka weyn ee Faransiiska, [[Calvi, Haute-Corse|Calvi]], [[Bastia]], [[Ajaccio]], [[Ile Rousse]], [[Propriano]], iyo [[Porto Vecchio]] oo ku taal [[Korsika]], [[Porto Torres]] oo ku taal [[Sardinia]], [[Algiers]], [[Oran]], [[Skikda]] iyo [[Bejaia]] oo ku taal [[Aljeeriya]] iyo sidoo kale [[Tunis]] oo ku taal [[Tuniisiya]] iyo [[Genoa]] oo ku taal Talyaaniga. Laga soo bilaabo 2016 maraakiibta SNCM waxay u gudbeen shirkad cusub, [[Corsica Linea]]. SNCM waxay raadraacaysaa taariikhdeeda ilaa 1850. ==Taariikhda== [[File:House flag of Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditerranée (SNCM).svg|thumb|[[House flag]] ay isticmaali jirtay SNCM]] *Sannadkii 1855, waxaa la abuuray ''Compagnie Générale Maritime''. *Sannadkii 1861, ''Compagnie Générale Maritime'' waxay magaceeda u beddeshay ''Compagnie Générale Transatlantique''. *Sannadkii 1969, ''Compagnie générale transméditerranéenne'' (CGTM) waxaa la abuuray iyadoo lagu daray adeegyadii Badda Dhexe ee ''Compagnie générale transatlantique'' iyo ''Compagnie de navigation mixte''. *Sannadkii 1976, CGTM waxay timid gacanta dowladda waxayna magaceeda u beddeshay SNCM. Lahaanshaha dowladda waxaa 75% maamulayay ''Compagnie générale maritime'' (CGM) iyo 25% [[SNCF]], kan dambe ayaa saameyn ku yeeshay magaca cusub. == 2005 gaar-u-yeelashada == Bishii Sebtembar 2005, Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Faransiiska [[Dominique de Villepin]] wuxuu soo bandhigay mashruuc ah [[gaar-u-yeelashada]] shirkadda. Villepin wuxuu SNCM ku wareejiyay [[Butler Capital Partners]] 35 milyan oo Yuuro, ka dib "dib-u-habeyn" hore oo dhan 113 milyan oo Yuuro (in lacag cusub ay dowladda ku shubto). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashruucani wuxuu sababay qaylo-dhaan dadweyne, maadaama uu su'aal geliyay mabda'a [[péréquation]] (sinnaanta) ee [[gaadiidka dadweynaha]], taas oo macnaheedu yahay in la hubiyo sii wadida dhulka qaranka iyo [[sinnaanta]] qof kasta oo ku saabsan sii wadida dhulalkan muhiimka ah. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, SNCM oo ay lahayd [[dowladda]] waxay ahayd inay hubiso gaadiidka u dhexeeya dhulka weyn iyo Korsika sannadka oo dhan, xitaa haddii marka la eego shuruudaha suuqa ee gaarka ah aysan noqon karin [[Faa'iido (xisaabin)|mid faa'iido leh]], si ay dadka reer Korsika u helaan adeegyada maamulka iyo sidoo kale muwaadin kasta oo kale oo Faransiis ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, [[Walter Butler (ganacsade Faransiis ah)|Walter Butler]] wuxuu ahaa saaxiibkii dugsiga ee Villepin ee l'[[École nationale d'administration|ENA]], oo ah dugsiga ugu sarreeya ee shaqaalaha dowladda. Ka dib wadahadallo adag iyo shaqo-joojin ay sameeyeen [[Confédération Générale du Travail|ururka shaqaalaha ee CGT]] iyo [[Ururka Shaqaalaha Korsika]] (STC), waxaa la soo bandhigay mashruuc cusub. Bishii Maajo 2006, shirkadda ayaa la gaar-yeelay. Connex (oo tan iyo markaas noqotay [[Veolia Transport]], oo ah shirkad hoos timaada kooxda [[Veolia Environment]]) waxay qaadatay 28% SNCM (taas oo ka horreysay 38% Butler heshiiskii hore); dowladda waxay haysatay 25% saamiyada, iyo 9% waxaa loo iibiyay shaqaalaha. 400 [[shaqo ka eryid]] ayaa la qorsheeyay; marka laga soo tago 113 milyan oo Yuuro oo ay dowladdu dib u gelisay ka hor gaar-u-yeelashada, 35 milyan oo Yuuro ayaa la siiyay si loo maalgeliyo shaqo ka eryidda. Sannadkii 2008, Butler wuxuu saamiyadiisa ka iibiyay Veolia, taas oo noqotay saamilayda ugu weyn oo leh 66% saamiyada.<ref>{{in lang|fr}}[http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html SNCM: Veolia récupère de nouvelles parts] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html |date=20140830091905 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830091905/http://www.lejdd.fr/cmc/scanner/economie/200846/sncm-veolia-recupere-de-nouvelles-parts_164174.html |date=2014-08-30 }}, La helay 11 Sebtembar 2014</ref> Sannadkii 2011, saamiyada waxaa loo gudbiyay [[Transdev|Veolia Transdev]] (hadda si fudud Transdev), ka dib markii Veolia ay la midoowday [[Transdev (taariikhi)]]. Shirkaddu waxay fayl-gareysay ilaalinta kacdaynimada 2014-kii waxaana markii dambe la geliyay maamulka maxkamadda Marseille.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/15641/sncm-is-put-into-administration|publisher=[[IHS Inc.]]|author=Andrew Spurrier|date=2014-11-29|title=SNCM is put into administration|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205151733/http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/15641/sncm-is-put-into-administration|archivedate=2015-02-05}}</ref> ==Maraakiibtii hore== *''Sidi Bel Abbes'' (1949-1963) La burburiyay [[Alang]], [[Hindiya]] sannadkii 1988. *''Kaiouran'' (1950-1974) La burburiyay [[Isbayn]] sannadkii 1973. *''Napoleon'' (1959-1974) La burburiyay [[Gadani Beach]], [[Bakistan]] sannadkii 1987. *''Fred Scamaroni'' (1965-1980) Degay sidii ''Salem Express'' xilli uu ku sii jeeday [[Suez]] 15 Diseembar 1991. 450 rakaab ah ayaa dhintay. *''Comte De Nice'' (1966-1983) La burburiyay sidii ''Express Naias'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2003. *''Corse'' (1966-1981) Degay sidii ''Express Samina'' magaalada [[Paros]] 2 mayl badda ah 26 Sebtembar 2000. 80 rakaab ah ayaa dhintay. *''Avenir'' (1967-1976) Degay sidii ''Shahrazad'' gudaha [[Badda Cas]] ka dib dab ka kacay dushiisa 21 Sebtembar 1985. *''Roussillon'' (1970-1980) La burburiyay sidii ''Opi'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2002. *''Travetal'' (1972-1973) La burburiyay gudaha [[Indunisiya]] *''Monte Rotondo'' (1973-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Tramola 1'' sannadkii 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tramola 1 venduta per la demolizione |url=https://www.pianetanavi.it/tramola-1-venduta-per-la-demolizione/ |website=Pianeta Navi |language=IT |access-date=2026-06-24 |archive-date=2024-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815052724/https://www.pianetanavi.it/tramola-1-venduta-per-la-demolizione/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''Ile De Beaute'' (1973-1976) la burburiyay gudaha [[Chittatong]] Roads [[Bangladesh]] sidii ''Empress'' sannadkii 2004. *''Provence'' (1974-1989) la burburiyay sidii ''Bel Air'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 1999. *''Napoleon'' (1976-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Berkane'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2015. *''L'Isere'' (1976-1984) La burburiyay 2010. *''L'aude'' (1978-1997) sidii ''Meyra'' tan iyo 2011 *''Cyrnos'' (1979-1990) la burburiyay sidii ''Beau'' gudaha [[Aliağa]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2013. *''Liberte'' (1980-2002) la burburiyay sidii ''Biladi'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2013. *''Esterel'' (1981-1997) la burburiyay sidii ''Mistral Express'' gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] sannadkii 2016. *''Corse'' (1983-2016) sidii ''Grand Ferry'' tan iyo 2018. *''Monte Cinto'' (1984-2010) sidii ''Eden'' tan iyo 2014. *''Danielle Casanova'' (1989-2002) sidii ''Mediteranee'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016 *''Monte D'Oro'' (1991-2016) sidii ''Monte D'Oro'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016 *''Paglia Orbia'' (1994-2016) sidii ''Paglia Orbia'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016 *''NGV Asco'' (1996-2005) degay sidii ''Panagia Parou'' gudaha [[Algeciras]] 2017 oo la burburiyay gudaha [[Aliağa|Aliaga]], [[Turkiga]] 2018. *''NGV Aliso'' (1996-2004) sidii ''Kalli P'' ee Idomeneas Lines tan iyo 2015 la dhigay [[Perama]], [[Giriiga]] *''Napoleon Bonaparte'' (1996-2014) sidii ''Rhapsody'' ee [[Grandi Navi Veloci]] tan iyo 2014. *''NGV Liamone'' (2000-2009) la burburiyay sidii ''Tai Min Star'' gudaha [[Taywan]] 2020. *''Danielle Casanova'' (2002-2016) sidii ''Danielle Casanova'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016. *''Pascal Paoli'' (2003-2016) sidii ''Pascal Paoli'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016. *''Jean Nicoli'' (2007-2016) sidii ''Jean Nicoli'' ee Corsica Linea tan iyo 2016. *''NGV Liamone II'' (2010-2010) la dhigay [[Perama]], [[Giriiga]] sidii ''Aelos Kenteris I'' tan iyo 2011. *''Excelsior'' (2013-2014) sidii ''Excelsior'' ee [[Grandi Navi Veloci]]. *''El. Venizelos'' (2013-2014) sidii ''El. Venizelos'' ee [[ANEK Lines]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} ==Akhrin dheeraad ah== {{Refbegin}} *{{cite book|last1=Seville|first1=Richard|title=Mediterranean Ferries|date=2009|publisher=Ferry Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=9781871947984}} {{Refend}} ==Xiriirinta dibadda== {{Commons category|SNCM}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100926063241/http://www.sncm.fr/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee SNCM] *[http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/compagnie_transmediterranen.htm CGTM/SNCM] {{Wayback|url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/compagnie_transmediterranen.htm |date=20260627195229 }} ee ''Fakta om Fartyg'' {{in lang|sv}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130515005358/http://www.traghettiper-corsica.it/Navi_per_la_Corsica.pdf Kivukada ku socda Korsika] Faahfaahinta farsamo ee maraakiibta kivukada ee kala duwan, taariikhda, qorshayaasha dabaqyada. {{in lang|it}} {{Authority control}} kbvp9k2rzbgre9u0emhlegcwdtrj60o 0 47743 305483 300748 2026-08-18T00:38:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Algérie Ferries | logo = | logo_size = 200px | caption = | type = | genre = | fate = | predecessor = | successor = | founded = 1987 | founder = | defunct = | hq_location_city = [[Algiers]] | hq_location_country = [[Aljeeriya]] | hq_location = | num_locations = | area_served = [[Badda Dhexe]] | key_people = | industry = Maraakiibta | products = | services = Gaadiidka rakaabka<br>Gaadiidka xamuulka | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsidiaries = | website = {{URL|http://algerieferries.dz}} | footnotes = }} '''Algérie Ferries''' ({{langx|ar|النقل البحري الجزائري}}) ama Entreprise Nationale de Transport Maritime de Voyageurs (ENTMV) ({{langx|ar|المؤسسة الوطنية للنقل البحري للمسافرين}}) waa shirkad maraakiibta oo ay leedahay dowladda Aljeeriya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Algérie Ferries is looking for a new ferry|url=http://www.ship2shore.it/en/shipping/algerie-ferries-is-looking-for-a-new-ferry_48517.htm|publisher=Ship2Shore|accessdate=13 September 2014|date=12 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NAVANTIA starts the works of repairing and modernization of the first ship for the Algerian Navy|url=http://www.navantia.es/noticia.php?id_noti=228|publisher=Navantia|accessdate=13 September 2014|date=15 November 2012|archive-date=21 Bisha Sagaalaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921010541/http://www.navantia.es/noticia.php?id_noti=228|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shirkaddu waxay maamushaa adeegyada rakaabka iyo xamuulka ee u dhexeeya [[Aljeeriya]], [[Faransiiska]] iyo [[Isbayn]]. ==Jidadka== Algérie Ferries waxay ka hawlgashaa sideed waddo oo ku baahsan Badda Dhexe.<ref>{{cite web|title=International ferries|url=http://www.travellerspoint.com/guide/International_ferries/|publisher=Travellers' Point|accessdate=13 September 2014}}</ref> *[[Oran]] - [[Alicante]] *[[Oran]] - [[Marseille]] *[[Algiers]] - [[Alicante]] *[[Algiers]] - [[Barcelona]] *[[Algiers]] - [[Marseille]] *[[Béjaïa]] - [[Marseille]] *[[Skikda]] - [[Marseille]] *[[Annaba]] - [[Marseille]] ==Maraakiibta== Algérie Ferries waxay maamushaa shan maraakiib oo rakaab ah / baabuur ah:<ref>{{cite web|author=Micke Asklander|accessdate=10 September 2011|title=Fakta om fartyg - Algérie Ferries|url=http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/algerie_ferries.htm|archive-date=16 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216025102/http://www.faktaomfartyg.se/algerie_ferries.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Markabka !Calanka !Adeegga uu galay !Markabka uu galay !Dhererka (m) !Ballaca (m) !Tonnage !Rakaabka !Xawaaraha adeegga !Qoraalo |- |Tariq Ibn Ziyad |{{Flag|Aljeeriya}} | colspan="2" |1995 |153,3 |25,2 |{{GT|21,659}} |1,276 |21 guntin |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tariq Ibn Ziyad - Algerie Ferries|url=https://algerieferries.dz/tariq-ibn-ziyad|access-date=2021-08-29|website=algerieferries.dz|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829200531/https://algerieferries.dz/tariq-ibn-ziyad|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Tassili II |{{Flag|Aljeeriya}} | colspan="2" |2004 |146,6 |24 |{{GT|20,124}} |1,320 |23.5 guntin |<ref>{{Cite web|title=TASSILI II (Passenger Ship) Registered in Algeria|url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:744379/mmsi:605046150/imo:9265419/vessel:TASSILI_II|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-29|website=www.marinetraffic.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829200532/https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:744379/mmsi:605046150/imo:9265419/vessel:TASSILI_II |archive-date=2021-08-29 }}</ref> |- |El Djazair II |{{Flag|Aljeeriya}} | colspan="2" |2005 |146,6 |24 |{{GT| 20,124}} |1,320 |23.5 guntin |<ref>{{Cite web|title=El Djazair II - Algerie Ferries|url=https://algerieferries.dz/index.php/el-djazair-ii|access-date=2021-08-29|website=algerieferries.dz}}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Todobaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |Badji-Mokhtar III |{{Flag|Aljeeriya}} | colspan="2" |2021 |200 |30 |{{GT|49,785}} |1,800 |24 guntin |<ref>{{Cite web|title=BADJI MOKHTAR III, Passenger/Ro-Ro Cargo Ship|url=https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/BADJI-MOKHTAR-III-IMO-9827889-MMSI-605016420|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-29|website=www.vesselfinder.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829205320/https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/BADJI-MOKHTAR-III-IMO-9827889-MMSI-605016420 |archive-date=2021-08-29 }}</ref> |} ==Fadeexad== 2 Juun 2022, maamulaha guud Kamel Issad ayaa laga eryay xilkiisa sababtoo ah "dabeecaddiisa oo wiiqday sumcadda Aljeeriya kana soo horjeeday danaha muwaadiniinta".<ref>[https://www.aps.dz/algerie/140608-fins-de-fonctions-pour-le-pdg-de-l-entmv-et-de-son-chef-d-escale-a-alger Fins de fonctions pour le PDG de l'ENTMV et de son Chef d'escale à Alger], site aps.dz, 2 juin 2022.</ref> 19 Janaayo 2023, Kamel Issad ayaa lagu xukumay lix sano oo xarig ah maamul xumo iyo dayactir la'aan maraakiibta shirkadda.<ref>[https://www.aps.dz/algerie/150416-justice-l-ex-pdg-de-l-entmv-condamne-a-6-ans-de-prison-ferme Justice: l'ex PDG de l'ENTMV condamné à 6 ans de prison ferme], site aps.dz, 19 janvier 2023.</ref> Waxaa la xiray dhowr maalmood ka dib markii la eryay Juun 2022 eedeymo la xiriira "musuqmaasuq lacagaha dadweynaha, xadgudub awoodeed, iyo taajirnimo sharci darro ah."<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-20|language=fr-FR|title=Six ans de prison ferme pour l’ancien PDG d’Algérie Ferries – Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1410759/politique/six-ans-de-prison-ferme-pour-lancien-pdg-dalgerie-ferries/|website=JeuneAfrique.com}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Agaasimayaal kale oo hore ayaa sidoo kale lagu xukumay kiiskan. Agaasimihii hore ee ganacsiga Karim Bouzenad wuxuu helay xukun shan sano oo xarig ah. Hamouche Aghiles iyo Oufar Malika, oo labaduba baxsad ah, ayaa midkiiba lagu xukumay toban sano oo xarig ah waxaana lagu soo rogay waaran caalami ah oo lagu soo qabanayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title=Algérie Ferries : Les traversées Oran- Alicante suspendues - Journal communautaire algérien |url=https://www.djaliadz.com/algerie-ferries-les-traversees-oran/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> 28 Maajo 2023, Maxkamadda Algiers waxay xaqiijisay xukunnadii lagu riday xukunka koowaad ee kiiska ENTMV. Kamel Issad waxaa lagu xukumay lix sano oo xarig ah, Karim Bouzenad, agaasimihii hore ee ganacsiga, shan sano oo xarig ah, iyo Fatma Laimchi, oo mas'uul ka ah nidaamyada macluumaadka, hal sano oo xarig ah oo ganaax leh. Eedeymaha waxaa ka mid ahaa musuqmaasuq lacagaha dadweynaha, xadgudub awoodeed, iyo taajirnimo sharci darro ah. Kamel Eddalia iyo Cherifi Ikbal ayaa la siidaayay.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=Affaire ENTMV: les peines prononcées en première instance confirmées|url=https://www.aps.dz/algerie/156256-affaire-entmv-la-cour-d-alger-confirme-les-peines-de-premiere-instance-a-l-encontre-des-accuses|website=Algérie Presse Service}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Algerie Ferries}} 01dmwk2oh8cbd8t6h34xuxnnvsfmmcw 0 48180 305525 299865 2026-08-18T09:43:24Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nasrin Maxamed Ibraahim''' waa wariye [[Soomaaliya|Soomaaliyeed]] . Waxay aasaastay warbaahintii ugu horreysay ee dumar ah ee Soomaaliya, [[Bilan Media]], halkaas oo ay ka tahay [[Editor-in-chief|tifaftiraha guud]] . == Taariikh Nololeed == Sannadkii 2022, waxay aasaastay [[Bilan Media]], oo ah warbaahintii ugu horreysay ee Soomaaliyeed oo si gaar ah u maamusha oo ay shaqaaleysiiyaan haweeAn. <ref name=":1">https://www.elvigia.net/el-mundo/2022/4/12/lanzan-en-somalia-medio-exclusivamente-de-mujeres-390732.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuqul Archive |url=https://www.challenges.fr/societe/un-media-100-feminin-a-l-assaut-des-tabous-en-somalie_820200 |access-date=2026-06-28 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004220203/https://www.challenges.fr/societe/un-media-100-feminin-a-l-assaut-des-tabous-en-somalie_820200 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waqtigaas, waxay la shuraakowday [[Fatih Mohamed Ahmed]] . <ref name=":1" />Hadafkeedu waa inay abuurto urur diiradda saaraya mowduucyada badanaa loo arko inay xaaraan yihiin [[Soomaalida|bulshada Soomaaliyeed]], <ref name=":0">https://arab.news/nwpxk</ref> iyo inay xoojiso codadka haweenka <ref>https://www.voanews.com/a/first-all-women-media-outlet-opens-in-somalia-s-capital/6524387.html</ref> bulsho ay dhif tahay inay muuqdaan. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2022/apr/11/women-are-expected-to-keep-their-mouths-shut-here-in-somalia-but-not-any-more</ref> Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay taageertaa in wakaaladda wararka ee ay maamusho haweenku ay u oggolaanayso diiradda si sax ah loo saaro mowduucyada aan ragga si fudud loo heli karin. <ref name=":2">https://www.lalibre.be/international/afrique/2022/07/07/un-media-100-feminin-a-lassaut-des-tabous-en-somalie-77EYFFKNG5F6NKG7HLRDXZRKAE/</ref> Tusaale ahaan, kiisaska kufsiga, way u fududahay haweeneyda inay wareysato dhibbanaha oo ay soo ururiso maragfurkeeda marka loo eego ragga. <ref name=":2" /> Laga bilaabo wakhtigaas, waxay noqotay mid ka mid ah soo saarayaasha wararka haweenka ee yar ee dalka. <ref>https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Points-of-Progress/2022/0516/Fault-justice-and-firsts-in-court-nature-and-the-newsroom</ref> == Tixraacyada == dzexqfa94lac76nmcbd198h3uw6rb1a 0 48334 305515 300303 2026-08-18T06:42:27Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Dalxiiska Xeebta Ruhondo | image = | caption = | image_bathymetry = |pushpin_map=Rwanda | caption_bathymetry = | location = [[Degmada Musanze]] | coords = {{coord|-1.517|29.739|type:waterbody_dim:20000_region:RW|display=title}} | type = [[Haro biyo macaan oo dabiici ah]] | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Rwanda]] | length = {{convert|9.17|km|abbr=on}} | width = {{convert|4.55|km|abbr=on}} | area = | depth = | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | frozen = | islands = [[Jasiirad|Jasiirado]] kala duwan | cities = }} '''Harta Ruhondo''' waa haro ku taal waqooyi-galbeed ee [[Rwanda]]. Waxay u dhowdahay [[Harta Bulera]] oo ku taal duleedka [[Musanze]].<ref name="Fitzpatrick2009">{{cite book|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Mary|title=Lonely Planet East Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q3e8P7XvcokC&pg=PA561|accessdate=24 April 2013|year=2009|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74104-769-1|page=561}}</ref> Waxay ku taal salka foolkaanaha ugu weyn Rwanda, oo ah Buurta Foolkaanaha ee [[Kalisimbi]]. Harta Ruhondo waa mid ka mid ah laba harood oo ka dhashay waxqabadka foolkaanaha ee Buurta Foolkaanaha ee [[Sabyinyo]] taas oo keentay inay lafa ku shubanto dooxada webiga ka dibna ay adkaatay oo ay qabowday. Harta Ruhondo waxa ay ka go'an tahay [[Harta Burera]] baaxad dhul oo dhererkeedu yahay {{convert|1|km}}. Labada harood ee Ruhondo iyo Burera waxay ku yaallaan qaybta waqooyi ee [[Rwanda]] waxayna aad u dhow yihiin Uganda oo ku taal gobolka waqooyi ee Rwanda. Harta Ruhondo waxay ku fidsan tahay saddex degmo oo kala ah: [[Burera]], [[Musanze]] iyo [[Gakenke]]. Harta Ruhondo waxay biyaha ka heshaa Harta Burera dhanka dhammaadka waqooyi-galbeed. Waxay leedahay baaxad lagu qiyaasay 2800 ha. Harta Ruhondo waxay biyaha ka heshaa ilo kale waxayna u bahaan dhanka koonfur-galbeed iyadoo dhex marta [[Webiga Mukungwa]] oo ah laan ka mid ah [[Webiga Nyabarongo]]. Gaadiidka biyaha si fiican uma horumarin, iyadoo doomo yaryar oo alwaax ah oo shaqsiyaad leeyihiin ay yihiin habka kaliya ee gaadiidka. [[File:Panaromic of Lake Ruhondo, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Tani waa muuqaalka guud ee Harta Ruhondo ee waqooyiga Rwanda laga soo qaaday sannadkii 2015]] [[File:Ruhondo Lake Sunset.jpg|thumb|Dhicidda qorraxda ee Ruhondo|220x220px]] ==Tixraac== {{reflist}} 2. Rwanda Natural Resources Authority, Burera and Ruhondo Development Plan. https://rwandalanduse.rnra.rw/portal/sharing/rest/content/items/bdf78d97d2f4446eb973d45fae7a6013/data {{Wayback|url=https://rwandalanduse.rnra.rw/portal/sharing/rest/content/items/bdf78d97d2f4446eb973d45fae7a6013/data |date=20210914184528 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914184528/https://rwandalanduse.rnra.rw/portal/sharing/rest/content/items/bdf78d97d2f4446eb973d45fae7a6013/data |date=2021-09-14 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ruhondo}} c2gmj17lts7up1no2kmnpkjho01po1x 0 49155 305514 302586 2026-08-18T06:42:15Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Harada Nakuru | image = Lake-Nakuru-Baboon-Hill-View.JPG | caption = Aragtida harada ee laga eego buurta Baboon | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Nakuru | coords = {{coord|0|22|S|36|05|E|region:KE_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | lake_type = [[Haro alkaline ah]] | inflow = | outflow = Harada Nakuru ma laha meel ay ka baxdo. Ma jiraan webiyo ama dildilaac ka baxaya Harada Nakuru | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Kenya]] | length = | width = | area = {{convert|5|to|45|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|1|ft}} | max-depth = {{convert|6|ft}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|1754|m|ft|abbr=on}} | frozen = Harada Nakuru waxay ku taallaa dooxada weyn ee Rift. Haradu weligeed ma barafowdo. | islands = | cities = | pushpin_map = Kenya | pushpin_map_alt = Goobta harada ee Kenya |embedded = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_date = 5 June 1990 | designation1_number = 476<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakuru|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/476|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | child = yes | Official_name = Nidaamka Harada Kenya ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift | Criteria = Natural: vii, ix, x | ID = 1060 | Year = 2011 }} {{infobox protected area |child=yes | iucn_category = II}} }} '''Harada Nakuru''' waa mid ka mid ah [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift|harooyinka Dooxada Rift]], oo ku taal joog dhan {{convert|1754|m|ft|abbr=on}} ka sarreeya heerka badda. Waxay ku taal koonfurta [[Nakuru]], ee dooxada rift ee [[Kenya]] waxaana ilaaliya Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru. Qiyaastii 10,000 oo sano ka hor, Harada Nakuru, oo ay la socoto [[Harada Elmenteita|Lake Elementaita]] iyo [[Harada Bogoria]], waxay samaysay hal haro oo qoto dheer oo biyo macaan ah oo ugu dambeyntii qallajisay, taas oo ka tagtay saddexda haro sidii haraa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lake Nakuru {{!}} Lake Nakuru {{!}} World Lake Database - ILEC |url=https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3588 |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=wldb.ilec.or.jp}}</ref> Sannadkii 2011 saddexda haro waxaa diiwaangelisay [[UNESCO]] iyada oo ah [[Goob Dhaxal Adduun ah]], Nidaamka Harada Kenya ee Dooxada Weyn ee Rift. Heerarka biyaha ee Harada Nakuru ayaa isbeddelay si weyn, iyadoo haradu ku dhowaatay inay qallajiso dhowr jeer 50-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.<ref name=":0" /> Hoos u dhac weyn ayaa dhacay horraantii 1990-meeyadii. Sannadkii 2013, heerarku mar kale way kordheen si degdeg ah, taas oo horseeday in shimbiraha flamingos ay u guuraan [[Harada Bogoria]] si ay u raadiyaan sahay cunto.<ref name="kws">{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakuru water levels rise as flamingoes move to Lake Bogoria|url=http://www.kws.org/info/news/2012/03_08_12_water_level.html|access-date=2014-05-29|archive-date=2014-05-29|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529170306/http://www.kws.org/info/news/2012/03_08_12_water_level.html}}</ref> Intii u dhaxaysay 2010 iyo 2020 Harada Nakuru waxay kordhisay baaxadda dusha sare oo dhan {{convert|40|to|68|km2}}.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tobiko |first=Keriako |date=2021 |title=Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428030814/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/MENR_Scoping_Report_Latest-5-07-21.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> 677 qoys, qaybo ka mid ah magaalada Nakuru iyo qaar ka mid ah aagagga Beerta Qaranka ayaa fatahay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baraka |first=Carey |date=2022-03-17 |title=A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/17/kenya-quiet-slide-underwater-great-rift-valley-lakes-east-africa-flooding |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Lake Nakuru National Park-Kenya.jpg|thumb|Submersion of the main gate of Lake Nakuru National Park in 2024 due to rising water levels]] Tan iyo 2021, waxaa jiray koror cabsi leh oo ku yimid heerarka biyaha ee harada oo ay keentay isbeddelka cimilada. Kororka heerarka biyaha ayaa horseeday in xayawaan laga barakiciyo beerta iyo burburka hantida, qulqulka iridda laga galo ee weyn iyo kaabayaasha kale ee beerta. Harada Nakuru waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa [[Heshiiska Ramsar]] ee dhulalka qoyan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/ramsar/display/main/main.jsp?zn=ramsar&cp=1-63-68-159%5E23236_4000_0__ |title=Small Grants Fund project on ecotourism potential at Kenya's Lake Nakuru |date=2006-03-28 |publisher=Ramsar |access-date=2009-11-07}}</ref> == Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru == [[File:Lake-Nakuru-National-Park-Entrance.JPG|thumb|right|Irida Beerta Qaranka]] [[File:Flamingos at lake Nakuru.jpg|thumb|right|[[Flamingos]] oo ku quudinaya Harada Nakuru 1997]] '''Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru''' (188 km², 73 mi²) waxaa la abuuray 1961 agagaarka '''Harada Nakuru''', meel u dhow magaalada [[Nakuru]]. Waxay caan ku tahay kumanaan, mararka qaarkood malaayiin [[flamingo]]s ah <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=New hope for flamingo birds in Lake Nakuru |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/health/new-hope-for-flamingo-birds-in-lake-nakuru-4511810 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Nation |language=en}}</ref> oo ku buulaysan xeebaha. Dusha sare ee harada gacmeedka ayaa inta badan si dhib yar loo aqoonsan karaa sababtoo ah tirada badan ee casaan-ka ah ee si joogto ah u barakacaya. Tirada flamingos-ka harada waxay ku kala duwan tahay xaaladaha biyaha iyo cuntada <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chebet |first=Caroline |title=Why flamingo populations are on the decline |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/environment/article/2001416464/why-flamingo-populations-are-on-the-decline |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> iyo meesha ugu fiican ee laga daawado waa ''Baboon Cliff''. Sidoo kale, xiisaha leh waa aag dhan {{convert|188|km|abbr=on}} oo ku wareegsan harada oo lagu xayndaabay sida kayd si loo ilaaliyo [[giraaf]]yada iyo sidoo kale labada [[wiyisha madow]] iyo [[wiyisha cad]]. Beertu waxay dhawaan ballaaratay qayb ahaan si ay u bixiso kaydka wiyisha madow. Dadaalkan wuxuu u baahday xayndaab – si loo ilaaliyo ugaarsadayaasha halkii laga xaddidi lahaa dhaqdhaqaaqa duurjoogta. Beertu waxay fidsan tahay {{convert|12.1|km|abbr=on}} xadka koonfur-bari ee [[Soysambu Conservancy]], taas oo matalaysa ballaarinta mustaqbalka ee suurtagalka ah ee deegaanka wiyisha iyo marin-duurjoogta kaliya ee haray ee [[Harada Naivasha]]. Sannadkii 2009, beertu waxay lahayd in ka badan 25 [[wiyisha madow ee bari]], mid ka mid ah tirada ugu badan ee dalka, oo lagu daray ilaa 70 [[wiyisha cad ee koonfureed]]. Waxa kale oo jira tiro [[giraafta Rothschild]], mar kale loo raro badbaadada laga bilaabo galbeedka [[Kenya]] laga bilaabo 1977. [[Waterbuck]] waa kuwo aad u badan labada [[Kenya]]n subspecies ayaa laga helaa halkan. Ugaarsadayaasha waxaa ka mid ah libaaxyo, shabeello iyo wiyilo, kuwaas oo si aad ah loo arko waqtiyadii u dambeeyay. Beertu waxay kaloo leedahay [[Pythonidae|python]] cabbir weyn leh oo ku nool dhulalka kaynta leh, waxaana inta badan lagu arki karaa iyagoo ka gudbaya waddooyinka ama ka sudhan geedaha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kahenda |first=Mercy |title=Residents' nightmare as rare visitors come calling, wreak havoc |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000130385/standard-digital |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> Sida flamingos, waxaa jira kumanaan nooc oo shimbirro kale ah oo ku nool harada iyo aagga ku hareeraysan, sida [[African fish eagle]], [[Goliath heron]], [[hamerkop]], [[pied kingfisher]] iyo [[Verreaux's eagle]] iyo kuwo kale oo noocooda ah. {{clear}} {{wide image|Lake-Nakuru.jpg|800px|Muuqaalka panoramik ee Harada Nakuru ee laga eego Baboon Cliff}} {{clear}} == Deegaanka iyo duurjoogta == === Harada Nakuru === {{clear}} [[File:Large number of flamingos at Lake Nakuru.jpg|thumb|Tiro badan oo flamingos ah oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2007]] {{clear}} Harada Nakuru, waa [[haro alkaline ah|haro alkaline]] yar (oo u dhaxaysa {{convert|5|to|45|km2|disp=sqbr}}) oo ku taal cidhifka koonfureed ee magaalada [[Nakuru]] waxay ku taal qiyaastii {{convert|164|km}} waqooyi ka xigta [[Nairobi]]. Haradu waxay hoy u tahay [[flamingo]]s casaan ah, kuwaas oo inta badan ka badan hal milyan, mararka qaarkoodna laba milyan.<ref name=Reuters2020>{{Cite news |date=September 3, 2020 |title=Long-missed pink flamingos return to Kenya's Lake Nakuru |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-environment-flamingos-idUSKBN25U0WG |quote=Flamingos eat insect larvae and algae that gives them their pink hue. High water levels shrink the birds' ideal breeding and feeding grounds. |access-date=January 3, 2023}}</ref> Waxay ku quudiyaan [[algae]] badan, oo ku barwaaqoobay biyaha kulul. Saynis yahanadu waxay qiyaasayaan in dadka [[flamingo]] ee Nakuru ay cunaan qiyaastii {{convert|250,000|kg|abbr=on}} oo [[algae]] halkii hektar ee dusha sare sannadkii. Waxaa jira laba nooc oo [[flamingo]] ah: [[lesser flamingo]] (gaaban oo fudud) iyo [[greater flamingo]] (dheer oo madow). Lesser flamingos waxaa badanaa lagu sawiraa dukumentiyada inta badan sababtoo ah tiradooda badan. Tirada flamingos-ka ayaa hoos u dhacaysay dhawaan{{when|date=February 2025}}, laga yaabee sababtoo ah dalxiis aad u badan ama wasakh ka dhalatay qashinka warshadaha oo lagu shubo ilaha biyaha ee aagga ku hareeraysan – isbeddellada tayada biyaha ayaa harada ka dhigaya ku meel gaadh ahaan mid aan loo baahnayn flamingoes. Caadi ahaan, haradu way dib u gurataa xilliga abaaraha waxayna fatahtaa xilliga roobka.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoRfAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA27&article_id=3876,3511695 |via=[[Lewiston Morning Tribune|Lewiston Tribune]] |title=Flamingo Farewell |date=November 26, 2006 |first=Charles J. |agency=Associated Press |location=Lewiston, Idaho |last=Hanley |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEFSAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA43&article_id=7149,430876 |title=Pollution drives birds from lake in Kenya |work=[[Tampa Bay Times|St. Petersburg Times]] |first=Alfredo |last=Araujo |date=May 26, 1975 |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Tan iyo 1975, waxaa jiray kala duwanaansho ballaaran oo u dhexeeya heerarka biyaha ee xilliyada qalalan iyo kuwa qoyan. 1990-meeyadii, heerka biyaha ee goobta ayaa hoos u dhacay si aad ah. Kadib 2013, waxay heshay koror aad u weyn oo heerarka biyaha ah. Intii u dhaxaysay 2013 iyo 2020, dusha sare ee harada ayaa si ku meel gaar ah u ballaartay min 15.4 sq mi (40 sq km) ilaa 26.3 sq mi (68 sq km). Tani waxay keentay fatahaadda boqollaal aagagga beerta iyo guryaha maxalliga ah.<ref name=Reuters2020 /><ref>{{cite web |work=Our Breathing Planet |title=Lake Nakuru |date=30 September 2016 |url=https://www.ourbreathingplanet.com/?p=5724 |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=Bisha Sideedaad 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Waxaa looga shakisan yahay in isbeddelladan ay keeneen kordhinta beddelka dhulka biyaha u dhow ee wax-soo-saarka dalagga iyo magaaleynta, labadaba taas oo yareynaysa awoodda carrada si ay u nuugaan biyaha, dib u buuxinta biyaha dhulka hoostiisa iyo sidaas awgeed kordhinta fatahaadda xilliyeed.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UzAqAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA12&article_id=7144,1177819 |work=[[The Daily News (Kentucky)|Park City Daily News]] |title=Pollution is causing birds to take flight in Kenya |date=May 7, 1975 |first=Alfredo |last=Araujo |location=Bowling Green, Kentucky |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Wasakhda iyo abaaraha ayaa baabi'iya cuntada flamingos, [[Cyanobacteria]] oo loo yaqaan algae buluug-cagaaran, taasoo keenaysa inay u haajiraan harooyinka u dhow, marar dhawaanahan Harooyinka [[Elementaita]], [[Simbi]] Nyaima iyo [[Harada Bogoria|Bogoria]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhknAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA2&article_id=5236,3695403 |via=[[The Victoria Advocate]] |title=A farewell to flamingoes, African lake's iconic birds are vanishing |first=Charles J. |last=Hanley |location=Victoria, Texas |agency=Associated Press |date=November 17, 2006 |access-date=February 19, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Isbeddellada cimilada maxalliga ah ayaa sidoo kale loo malaynayaa inay gacan ka geystaan isbeddelka xaaladaha deegaanka ee harooyinka. Warbixinnada warbaahinta ee 1991 ayaa muujiyay walaac sii kordhaya oo ka dhex jira daneeyayaasha, maadaama qax-qaxa ballaaran ee flamingo iyo dhimashadu ay u horseedi karto masiibo warshadaha dalxiiska.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UDIwAAAAIBAJ&dq=%22Lake+Nakuru%22&pg=PA171&article_id=2630,5900197 |via=[[Reading Eagle]] |agency=Reuters |location=Reading, Pennsylvania |date=December 30, 1991 |title=Pollution is killing park life, waste is defiling Kenya preserve |language=en}}</ref> Sannadkii 2024, go'aannada maxkamadda Kenya ayaa cadaadis ku saaraya xarunta daaweynta biyaha ee maxalliga ah iyo mas'uuliyiinta la magacaabay si ay u nadiifiyaan dheecaannada saameeya Harada Nakuru Basin.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nakuru.mtaawangu.co.ke/categories/whats-hot/lobby-group-wins-court-case-against-county-government-to-save-lake-nakuru-4777724 |title=Lobby group wins court case against county government to save Lake Nakuru |first=Bret |last=Sanya |work=Mtaa Wangu |location=Nakuru, Kenya |date=September 27, 2024 |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}</ref> [[Flamingo]]s waxay ku quudiyaan [[algae]], laga sameeyay qashinkooda biyaha [[alkaline]] ee diiran, iyo [[plankton]]. Laakiin [[flamingo]] maaha soo jiidashada avian-ka kaliya; sidoo kale waxay joogaan laba shimbirood oo waaweyn oo kalluunka cuna, [[pelican]]s iyo [[cormorant]]s. In kasta oo biyaha diirran iyo [[alkaline]], kalluun yar, ''[[Alcolapia grahami]]'' ayaa barwaaqoobay ka dib markii la soo bandhigay horraantii 1960-meeyadii.<ref name = FishBase>{{FishBase|Alcolapia|grahami|month=September|year=2019}}</ref> [[File:African Hoopoe (Upupa africana).jpg|thumb|African Hoopoe oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2008]] Haradu waxay kaloo hodan ku tahay nolol kale oo shimbiro ah. Waxaa jira in ka badan 400 oo nooc oo degan harada iyo beerta ku hareeraysan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exoticbirding.com/kenya/lake-nakuru/checklist.html |title=Lake Nakuru, birds sighted |first=Jim |last=Wittenberger |work=Exotic Birding |date=2025 |access-date=February 19, 2025}}</ref> Kumanaan ka mid ah labada [[grebe]]s iyo [[tern]]s madow ee garabka cad ayaa inta badan la arkaa sida [[stilt]]s, [[avocet]]s, [[duck]]s, iyo jiilaalka Yurub shimbiraha socdaalka. [[File:Lake Nakuru (305955723).jpg|thumb|Storks cad, flamingoes iyo shimbiraha kale ee Harada Nakuru, 2008]] [[File:Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya - 51955018528.jpg|thumb|left|Pelicans cad oo ku taal Harada Nakuru, 2022]] {{clear}} [[Zooplankton]] waxay ku jiraan haradan, qayb ka mid ah cuntada shimbiraha. Nooca [[rotifer]] monogonont ''[[Brachionus]] sp.'' Austria (oo ka tirsan ''[[Brachionus plicatilis]]'' cryptic species complex) ayaa ka dhaca harada. === Dhulka beerta dhexdeeda === [[File:Rhinos at lake nakuru.jpg|thumb|Wiyisha Cad]] Dhulka ku wareegsan Harada Nakuru waxay hoy u tahay noocyo kala duwan oo duurjoog ah, gaar ahaan noocyada laga helo kaliya qaaradda Afrika. Tirinta noocyada ayaa bilaabantay 1970 si loo qiimeeyo kala duwanaanta iyo baaxadda xayawaanka beerta oo loo ogaado hoos u dhaca ama kororka waqti ka dib.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1974.tb00113.x |title=Density and biomass of large mammals in Lake Nakuru National Park |first=M. J. |last=Kutilek |journal=African Journal of Ecology |date=April 2008 |orig-date=September 1974 |volume=12 |number=3 |pages=201–212 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2028.1974.tb00113.x |access-date=February 19, 2025 |quote=Over the past 70 years, human activity has severely limited the diversity and movements of large mammals in the region of Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya. Game counts were begun in April 1970 to assess the status of those species remaining. |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Wiyisha madow iyo caddaanku waxay ku barwaaqoobaan beerta qaranka ee ku hareeraysan aagga loo qoondeeyay wiyisha. Waxaa lagu xayndaabay si loo xaddido ugaarsiga. Sidoo kale waxaa la arkaa Cape buffalo, African wild dog, zebra, eland iyo waterbuck.<ref name=WildlifeWorldwide /> Waxaa jiray aragtida shabeelka, iyo giraafta Rothschild ee naadir ah. Kaydkeeda acacia iyo euphorbia waxay u yihiin hoy xayawaannada inta lagu jiro kulaylka maalintii. Barkadda hippo waxay u oggolaanaysaa daawashada noocyadaas.<ref name=WildlifeWorldwide>{{cite web |url=https://www.wildlifeworldwide.com/locations/lake-nakuru-national-park |title=Lake Nakuru National Park |date=2025 |work=Wildlife Worldwide, The Natural Travel Collection |access-date=February 19, 2025 }}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Liiska Goobaha Dhaxalka Adduunka ee Kenya]] * [[Harooyinka Dooxada Rift]] * [[Dooxada Weyn ee Rift, Kenya]] * [[Webiyada Kenya]] * [[Lake Nshenyi]] == Tixraacyo == <references/> == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category|Lake Nakuru}} {{wikivoyage|Lake Nakuru National Park}} *[https://www.kws.go.ke/lake-nakuru-national-park Beerta Qaranka ee Harada Nakuru] mareegta * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021112062553/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/11/1107_021108_TVflamingo.html National Geographic – "Mysterious Kenya Flamingo Die-Offs Tied to Toxins, Study Says"] (November 2002) {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nakuru}} 8awgyl4ia1uyrdcn6015udyqsol19nn 0 49491 305487 303046 2026-08-18T01:28:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name=Bad Cannstatt |image_photo=Frühere Produktionsstätte der Alfred Ritter GmbH.jpg |imagesize= |image_caption= |image_coa=DEU Bad Cannstatt COA.svg |coordinates={{coord|48|48|20.16|N|9|12|50.76|E|display=inline,title}} |image_plan=Stuttgart Bezirk Bad Cannstatt.svg |plantext=Goobta ay kaga taal Stuttgart |state= |region=[[Stuttgart (region)|Stuttgart]] |district=urban |type=Borough |City=Stuttgart |elevation=205 |area=15.713 |population=70600 |population_as_of = 2020-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop20>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuttgart.de/service/statistik-und-wahlen/stuttgart-in-zahlen.php|title=Aktuelle Einwohnerzahlen nach Stadtbezirken und Stadtteilen|publisher=Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart|access-date=22 September 2021}}</ref> |postal_code=70331–70378 |area_code=0711 |licence=S |divisions=19 Xaafadood |website=[https://www.stuttgart.de/rathaus/stadtbezirke/badcannstatt/ www.stuttgart.de] }} '''Bad Cannstatt''' ({{IPA|de|baːt ˈkanʃtat}}), oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan '''Cannstatt''' (ilaa 23 Luulyo 1933)<ref>Jürgen Hagel ''Cannstatt und seine Geschichte'', S. 237, Hrsg. Verein Pro Alt-Cannstatt, 2. Auflage, 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-00-022904-6}}.</ref> ama '''Kannstadt''' (ilaa [[1900 in Germany|1900]]), waa mid ka mid ah [[Stadtbezirk]]e-yada bannaanka, ama xaafadaha magaalada, ee [[Stuttgart]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Bad Cannstatt waa xaafadda ugu da'da weyn uguna dadka badan xaafadaha Stuttgart, waana mid ka mid ah magaalooyinka taariikh ahaan ugu muhiimsan aagga Stuttgart.{{efn|Inta badan taariikhdii hore ee Stuttgart, Bad Cannstatt waxay muhiimad ahaan hoos u dhigtay magaalada yare ee la barbardhigi karo ee Stuttgart.<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of Stuttgart|url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/stuttgart/history|website=worldtravelguide.net|publisher=World Travel Guide}}</ref>}} Magaaladu waa hoyga dabbaaldegyada biirka ee [[Cannstatter Wasen]] iyo [[Cannstatter Volksfest]], [[MHPArena]] ([[VfB Stuttgart]]), [[Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle]], iyo [[Porsche-Arena]]. == <span class="anchor" id="Name"></span><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Toponymy"></span> Magaca == Magaca Bad Cannstatt wuxuu ka soo jeedaa ''[[Castra]] stativa'', [[Cannstatt Castrum]], [[castra]] weyn oo [[Roman Empire|Roomaan ah]] oo laga dhisay buurta dusheeda AD 90 si loo ilaaliyo isgoyska webiga ee qiimaha leh iyo ganacsiga maxalliga ah.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Stuttgart (Germany)|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|year=2009|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Stuttgart-Germany}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Early history of Stuttgart|url=http://en.driveline-online.de/early-history-of-stuttgart/|website=en.driveline-online.de|publisher=driveLINE|access-date=2016-11-27|archive-date=2016-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324050924/http://en.driveline-online.de/early-history-of-stuttgart/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Waagii hore, Bad Cannstatt waxaa si fudud loogu yiqiin Cannstatt ama ''Kannstatt'',{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} ''Cannstadt'', ''Canstatt'', ''Kanstatt'', iyo ''Condistat''.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Magaceeda ayaa la beddelay si loogu daro "''Bad''{{-"}} ({{langx|de|Qubays/Biyo-kulul}}) si loo xuso goobaha biyo-kululka ee magaalada 23 Luulyo [[1933 in Germany|1933]]. == Taariikh == {{main|History of Stuttgart}} Bad Cannstatt waxay ku taal webiga [[Neckar]] isgoyska waddooyin goboleed kala duwan.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Aagga waxaa deggenaa ugaarsatada mammoth-ka ee Seelberg xilligii [[last glacial period|barafka ee ugu dambeeyay]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christie |first=J. C. |date=1882-01-01 |title=XXXV. Notes on the Hohentwiel|url=http://trngl.lyellcollection.org/cgi/doi/10.1144/transglas.6.2.254 |journal=Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=254–259 |doi=10.1144/transglas.6.2.254 |s2cid=162201053 |issn=0371-7224|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Magaalada waxaa la aasaasay xilligii [[Roman Empire|Roomaanka]], diiwaanno ayaa ka haray aqoonta Roomaanka ee ilaha biyaha aagga.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} [[Sielberg]]-ga u dhow wuxuu caan ku yahay [[spelunking|godadkiisa]] iyo [[fossil hunting|fosilkiisa]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Sannadkii 746-kii [[Carloman (mayor of the palace)|Carloman, Duqa Qasriga Austrasia]], wuxuu gole ugu yeeray Cannstatt, wuxuuna [[Council of Cannstatt|xiray oo dilay]] ku dhawaad dhammaan madaxdii [[Alemanni]]. Tani waxay calaamad u tahay wareejinta awoodda laga soo wareejiyay Alemanni loona wareejiyay Carolingians-kii soo ifbaxayay.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rembold |first=Ingrid |title=Conquest and christianization : Saxony and Carolingian world, 772-888 |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-107-19621-6 |location=Cambridge |oclc=1021410363}}</ref> Magaca hadda jira wuxuu markii ugu horreysay u soo muuqday inuu yahay fadhiga maxkamad uu qabtay [[Charlemagne]] qarnigii 8-aad isagoo maxkamadaynaya dhugyadii fallaagoobay ee [[duke of Alemannia|Alemannia]] iyo [[duke of Bavaria|Bavaria]]. Cannstatt waxay ahayd caasimadda [[county of Württemberg|is-maamulka Württemberg]] ilaa qarnigii 14-aad{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} ama [[15th century in Germany|15-aad]];{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Rotenberg wuxuu ahaa goobta qalcaddii awoowayaasha ee guriga xukuma.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} Cannstatt waxay markii dambe qayb ka noqotay [[duchy of Württemberg|duchy-gii]], [[electorate of Württemberg|electorate-kii]], iyo [[kingdom of Württemberg|boqortooyadii Württemberg]]. Waxay u jirtay qiyaastii {{convert|2.5|mi|sp=us|0}} [[Stuttgart]]-ta saxda ah,{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} inkasta oo ay tan iyo markaas kortay si loogu daro Bad Cannstatt. Qarnigii 13-aad ama 14-aad, [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis ee Bavaria]] wuxuu ballaariyay xuquuqdeeda iyo mudnaanteeda si ay ula sinnaato [[Esslingen am Neckar|Esslingen]]. Katidralkeeda qarnigii 15-aad waxaa loo hibeeyay [[Saint Uffo|St&nbsp;Uffo]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} Sannadkii 1755-kii, [[1755 Lisbon earthquake|Dhulgariirkii weynaa ee Lisbon]] ayaa keenay in hoolka magaaladu hoos u dhaco qiyaastii {{convert|3|ft|sp=us|0}}.{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=27}} Intii lagu guda jiray [[French Revolutionary Wars|dagaalladii xigay Kacaankii Faransiiska]], magaaladu waxay ahayd goobtii 21-kii Luulyo 1796 ay guul uga gaareen [[First French Republic|Faransiiska]] Dowladii [[Austrian Empire|Austriya]].{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} Qarnigii 19-aad, waxay ku faani jirtay hool magaalo oo soo jiidasho leh, masrax boqortooyo, guri suuq, qasriyada [[Wilhelma Palace|Wilhelma]] iyo [[Rosenstein Palace|Rosenstein]], iyo warshado ballaaran oo ay ku jiraan [[wool-spinning|dunta idaha]], [[dyeing|midabaynta]], [[steelmaking|samaynta birta]], iyo dhismaha [[machinery|mashiinada]]. Waxaa markaas jiray ilaa 40 ilo-biyood macdan ah, kuwaas oo loo tixgeliyay inay faa'iido u leeyihiin "[[dyspepsia|dheef-shiid kiimikaad xumada]] iyo [[anxiety|tabar darrida]] [[nervous system|nidaamka dareemayaasha]]",{{sfnp|''EB''|1878|p=26}} iyo sidoo kale "cudurrada dhuunta".{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} Cannstatt waxay ahayd goobtii uu [[Gottlieb Daimler]] ka hindisay gaarigii ugu horreeyay ee shidaalka ku shaqeeya 1886-kii<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.daimler.com/company/at-a-glance.html |title=Daimler at a glance |language=en |work=Daimler |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=22 Bisha Koobaad 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122182356/https://www.daimler.com/company/at-a-glance.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> waxayna hoy u ahayd warshad baabuurta sameysa ka hor [[First World War|Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka]]. Qiyaastii waqtigaas, waxay sidoo kale lahayd shaqooyin tareen iyo kiimiko oo caan ah iyo warshad biirka. Cannstatt waxaa lagu daray [[Stuttgart]] sannadkii 1904.{{sfnp|''EB''|1911}} 19-ka ilo-biyood ee macdanta ah ee haray, 11 ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay yihiin ceelasha gobolka.{{clarify|date=June 2016}} Adduunka, hadda waxay ku xigtaa kaliya [[Újbuda]] ee [[Budapest]], [[Hungary|Hangari]], marka loo eego cabbirka.<ref name=sr>{{citation |contribution-url=http://www.stuttgart-rallye.de/wissenswertes.html |contribution=Wissenswertes |title=Stuttgart Rallye |access-date=2026-07-16 |archive-date=2022-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526171855/http://stuttgart-rallye.de/wissenswertes.html |url-status=dead }}.</ref> Isha Mombach waa tan keliya ee soo daysa biyaheeda iyadoon cadaadis lahayn oo tiro badan; biyo baxeeda waxaa loo isticmaalaa qubaysyada ku xiga iyo goobta biyo-kululka ee Wilhelma.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} == Dadka caanka ah == Dadka caanka ah ee lala xiriiriyo Bad Cannstatt waxaa ka mid ah: * [[Gottlieb Daimler]], halabuurihii gaarigii ugu horreeyay, oo lagu horumariyay Cannstatt, iyo qayb-aasaasaha [[Daimler-Benz]]. (Karl Benz ayaa si madax bannaan u hindisay gaari guuleystay isla sannadkaas, oo 96&nbsp;km u jirta [[Ladenburg]].) * [[Emy Gordon]] (née von Beulwitz), qoraa, turjubaan iyo ololeeye Katoolik ah * [[Georg Pfäfflin]] (1908–1972), wadaad Lutheran Jarmal ah == Xusuusin == === Tixraacyo === {{reflist|30em}} === Qoraallada hoose === {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == Tixraacyo == * {{cite EB9|mode=cs2|wstitle=Canstatt|ref={{harvid|''EB''|1878}}|volume=5|pages=26–27}}. * {{cite EB1911|mode=cs2|wstitle=Cannstatt|ref={{harvid|''EB''|1911}}|volume=5|page=189}}. {{Districts of Stuttgart}} {{Authority control}} 25rjnz49qpts9vzz2sck07fojbb0egr 0 50205 305488 304205 2026-08-18T02:29:02Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Burglengenfeld COA.svg |image_photo = Kreuzberg Burglengenfeld.jpg |image_caption = Kreuzbergkirche ee ku taal Burglengenfeld |coordinates = {{coord|49|12|N|12|2|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Burglengenfeld in SAD.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Schwandorf |elevation = 355 |area = 93.26 |postal_code = 93133 |area_code = 0 94 71 |licence = SAD, BUL, NAB, NEN, OVI, ROD |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 76 119 |divisions = 4 Stadtteile |website = [http://www.burglengenfeld.de/ www.burglengenfeld.de] |mayor = Thomas Gesche<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = CSU }} '''Burglengenfeld''' ({{IPA|de|bʊʁkˈlɛŋənfɛlt|-|De-Burglengenfeld.ogg}}) waa magaalo ka tirsan degmada [[Schwandorf (district)|Schwandorf]], ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal webiga [[Naab]], 22&nbsp;km waqooyi kaga beegan [[Regensburg]]. ==Cimilada== Cimilada gobolkan waxay leedahay faraqyo dabacsan oo u dhexeeya heerarka ugu sarreeya iyo kuwa ugu hooseeya, roobab ku filanna waa ay helaan sannadka oo dhan. Nooca hoose ee [[Köppen Climate Classification]] ee cimiladan waa "[[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Cfb]]". (Cimilada Badweynta Galbeedka/[[Oceanic climate]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Summary for closest city on record |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=57701&cityname=Regensburg--United-States-of-America |access-date=2026-08-06 |archive-date=2024-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126145850/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=57701&cityname=Regensburg--United-States-of-America |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Anti-WAAhnsinns-Festival == [[Image:Lanzenanger Gedenkstein.jpg|thumb|left|1986 [[Anti-WAAhnsinns-Festival]] dhagaxa xusuusta ee ku yaal Burglengenfeld]] [[Anti-WAAhnsinns Festival]]s ee ku yaal Burglengenfeld waxay ahaayeen riwaayadaha dhagax-muusigga ee siyasadeed, kuwaas oo ka dhacay Jarmalka 1980-meeyadii. Ujeedadoodu waxay ahayd in la taageero dibad-baxyada ka dhan ah warshadda dib-u-warshadaynta [[nuclear reprocessing plant Wackersdorf]] (Jarmal: Wiederaufbereitungsanlage Wackersdorf, oo loo soo gaabiyo WAA Wackersdorf) ee [[Wackersdorf]]. == Dadka caanka ah == * [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1281 ama 1282–1347), Boqortooyada Quduuska ah ee Roomaanka, wuxuu ku noolaa agagaarka 1300 qiyaastii laba sano qalcadda * [[Johann Michael Fischer]] (1692–1766), dhismaha masterka barooqada * [[Carl Ludwig Koch]] (1778–1857), kaymo-yahay, [[entomologist]] iyo [[arachnologist]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} aavm8pbq8f1w2g8lt5fgckceyjxt8n1 0 50249 305491 304357 2026-08-18T03:33:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Wappen von Dankerath.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|20|20|N|6|49|20|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Dankerath in AW.svg |state = |district = Ahrweiler |Verbandsgemeinde = Adenau |elevation = 460 |area = 3.26 |postal_code = 53520 |area_code = 02696 |licence = AW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 31 015 |mayor = Marco Collet<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Ahrweiler], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel = Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Dankerath''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Ahrweiler (district)|Ahrweiler]], ee gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate|Rhineland-Pfalz]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gomapper.com/travel/where-is/dankerath-located.html |title=Where is Dankerath in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany Located? |access-date=19 December 2013 |archive-date=20 Bisha Laba iyo Tobnaad 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220015323/http://www.gomapper.com/travel/where-is/dankerath-located.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Dankerath-Eifel.jpg|thumb|left|Dankerath]] ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} boxhf1tbus93x71k0j0k2l4ahsyxte7 0 50295 305494 304414 2026-08-18T04:00:23Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Deuerling COA.svg |image_photo = St Martin - Deuerling 0345.JPG |image_caption = Church of Saint Martin |coordinates = {{coord|49|2|10|N|11|54|27|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Deuerling in R.svg |state = |region = Oberpfalz |district = Regensburg |Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = Laaber |elevation = 417 |area = 7.11 |postal_code = 93180 |area_code = 09498 |licence = R |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 3 75 127 |divisions = 6 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [http://www.gemeinde-deuerling.de/ www.gemeinde-deuerling.de] |mayor = Diethard Eichhammer<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = SPD }} '''Deuerling''' ({{IPA|de|ˈdɔʏɐlɪŋ}}) waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Regensburg (district)|Regensburg]] ee gobolka [[Bavaria|Bayern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Taariikh == Abriil 24, 1945, Lieutenant Colonel David H. Arp oo ka tirsan Xarunta Guud ee Major General Stanley Eric Reinhart wuxuu raadiyay goob lagu aasaaso Xarunta Taliska Qaybta taas oo laga kormeeri karo laguna duugi karo gudbinta weerarka ee [[Danube River]]. Wuxuu doortay Deuerling.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Association |first=65th Infantry Division |title=65th Infantry Division Association |url=https://65thdiv.com/division-breakdown |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=65th Infantry Division Association |language=en-US}}</ref> Gudbinta waxaa lagu fuliyay waqti rekord ah. == Cimilada == Celceliska heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee Deuerling waa 63 darajada Fahrenheit celceliska heerkulka ugu hooseeya waa 45 darajada Fahrenheit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deuerling, Germany Weather History {{!}} Weather Underground |url=https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/de/deuerling/yesterday |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=www.wunderground.com |archive-date=2022-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926201259/https://www.wunderground.com/history/daily/de/deuerling/yesterday |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tixraac== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} p5cgmmdeaochagi0h8ygmla0bbvnbfm 0 50361 305495 304556 2026-08-18T04:18:34Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Dohren |image_coa = DEU Dohren COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|53|18|18|N|9|42|9|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Dohren in WL.svg |state = |district = Harburg |Samtgemeinde = Tostedt |elevation = 54 |area = 12.2 |postal_code = 21255 |area_code = 04182 |licence = WL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 03 3 53 006 |divisions = Dohren-Gehege |mayor = Rolf Aldag }} '''Dohren''' ({{IPA|de|ˈdoːʁən}}; {{langx|nds|Duhrn}}) waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Harburg (district)|Harburg]], ee gobolka [[Lower Saxony|Niedersachsen]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay degmada ([[Districts of Germany|Landkreis]]) ee Harburg (taarikada diiwaangelinta WL) waana qayb ka mid ah bulshada maamulka ([[Samtgemeinde]]) ee [[Tostedt]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Startseite {{!}} Samtgemeinde Tostedt |url=https://www.tostedt.de/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.tostedt.de}}</ref> Dohren waa hoyga kooxda [[Bundesliga (baseball)|Baseball Bundesliga]], ee [[Dohren Wild Farmers]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wildfarmers.de/ |title=Home |website=wildfarmers.de |access-date=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2026-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260810063158/https://www.wildfarmers.de/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kooxdu waxay u dallacday Bundesliga ka dib xilli ciyaareedkii 2009. ==Tixraac== <references/> {{Authority control}} rkq14alm3nvfej2n6fujv5w8lhpsywn 0 50398 305497 304593 2026-08-18T04:46:09Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Dranske COA.svg |image_photo = SonnenuntergangNonnevitz.jpg |image_caption = Sunset at Dranske beach |coordinates = {{coord|54|37|51|N|13|13|48|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan =Dranske_in_VR.svg |state = |district = Vorpommern-Rügen |Amt = Nord-Rügen |elevation = 2 |area = 20.73 |postal_code = 18556 |area_code = 038391 |licence = RÜG |Gemeindeschlüssel = 13 0 73 019 |website = {{url|http://www.gemeinde-dranske.de}} |mayor = Michael Heese }} '''Dranske''' waa [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan degmada [[Vorpommern-Rügen]], ee gobolka [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Tuulada Dranske waxaa ku jira dugsi shiraacan, aqoon-is-weydaarsi dhoobo ah, iyo matxaf.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.formulawindsurfing.org/2003/09/30/dranske-largest-town-on-the-wittow-peninsula/ |title= Dranske, largest town on the Wittow peninsula |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= September 30, 2003 |website= Formula Windsurfing |publisher= |access-date= April 28, 2025 |quote=}}</ref> Sannadkii 1999 Matxafka Taariikhda Badda iyo Taariikhda Deegaanka ayaa lagu aasaasay xafiiska boostada ee Dranske; waxa dambe loo raray dugsigii hore.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.gemeinde-dranske.de/dranske/museum/ |title= Museum Dranske |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= Gemeinde Dranske |publisher= |access-date= April 28, 2025 |quote=}}</ref> == Sidoo kale eeg == * [[Bug (Rügen)]] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == [https://www.bug-wittow.de Bug Wittow website, ''Naval History and Local History Museum of Dranske/ Bug''] {{Wayback|url=https://www.bug-wittow.de/ |date=20251114033747 }} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons category-inline}} *{{official website}} {{Authority control}} retv5w9ixl9uhplcjiq781r67v2uvag 0 50419 305498 304614 2026-08-18T04:51:05Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = Dudeldorf Kirche2.jpg |image_caption = Dudeldorf Church |image_coa = Wappen Dudeldorf.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|58|26|N|6|38|11|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Dudeldorf in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Bitburger Land |elevation = 290 |area = 11.03 |postal_code = 54647 |area_code = 06565 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 027 |website = [http://www.dudeldorf.de/ www.dudeldorf.de] |mayor = Stefan Lonien<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |Bürgermeistertitel= Ortsbürgermeister }} '''Dudeldorf''' waa tuulo [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal qiyaastii 10 km (6 mayl) bari ka xigta [[Bitburg]], 42 km (26 mayl) waqooyi ka xigta [[Trier]], iyo 32 km (20 mayl) bari ka xigta xadka [[Luxembourg]]. Waxay leedahay dad ku dhow 1300, oo ay ku jiraan 220 oo ka tirsan shaqaalaha Difaaca Mareykanka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gemeinde Dudeldorf - Kurzporträt|url=https://dudeldorf.de/unser-dorf/kurzportraet/|access-date=2021-08-14|website=dudeldorf.de}}</ref> Tuulada waxaa si xun u burburiyay intii lagu guda jiray [[World War II]] laakiin tan iyo markaas si buuxda ayaa dib loogu dhisay. [[Dudeldorf Castle]] waa soo jiidashada ugu weyn ee tuulada. Asal ahaan waxay ka koobnayd laba qalcadood oo la dhisay qarnigii 12-aad, tan iyo markaas waxaa dib loo dhisay jeer badan. Waxay siman u adeegtaa sidii xarun shaqo iyo bulsho. Dhulka miyiga ah ee ku xeer mencionado sidoo kale wuxuu ka dhigaa Dudeldorf meel caan ah oo ciidaha ah dalxiisayaasha. == Taariikhda == === Qarniyadii Dhexe === {{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}} Tuulada waxaa markii ugu horreysay la diiwaangeliyay sanadkii 815 AD, iyada oo wadata magaca 'Duodelonis Villa'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pfarrei Speicher: Kirche Dudeldorf |url=https://www.pfarrei-speicher.de/kirchen/kirche-dudeldorf |access-date=2024-09-10 |website=www.pfarrei-speicher.de |archive-date=2024-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910140347/https://www.pfarrei-speicher.de/kirchen/kirche-dudeldorf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waqtigaas, ilaha qoran waxay sidoo kale xuseen qoyska ''von Dudeldorf'', kuwaas oo lagu aaminay labada qalcadood ee tuulada. Qalcadaha waxaa la siiyay Archbishop-ka Trier by [[Count of Vianden]] oo hoos imaanaya adeegga feudal. Dhamaadkii 1375, xariiqda qoyska ee ragga ayaa dhimatay, waxaana ku xigay isbeddel mulkiyadeed oo ah labada qalcadood. [[John of Bohemia]], oo ahaa Count of Luxembourg, ayaa siiyay shahaadada boqortooyada (''Freiheitsbrief'') Dudeldorf sanadkii 1345. 1451, Lords John, Count of Nassau, Vianden iyo Diez, iyo Johann, Lord of Kriechingen, waxay ku soo rogeen canshuur muwaadiniinta si ay u soo celiyaan irdaha iyo derbiyada qalcadaha. Qiyaastii 1470, Count George von Virneburg wuxuu maamulay duullaankii kaliya ee cadawga ee la ogyahay ee ku yimid Dudeldorf, kaas oo ku soo gabagabeeyay dagaal la'aan. Waxay sababtay dab, in kasta oo xajmiga burburku aanu caddayn. 1632, qoyska Braun von Schmidtburg waxay heleen labada qalcadood iyada oo loo marayo hantida Imperial Abbey ee St. Maximin. 1734, laba guri oo weli taagan ayaa la ballaariyay; kan labaad ayaa weli ka muuqda khariidadda cadastral ee Austrian laga bilaabo 1766, laakiin sababtoo ah xaaladdeeda liidata waxaa loo taxay sida bakhaar idaha. Sida Orndorf, Dudeldorf waxay ka tirsanayd Duchy of Luxembourg ilaa 1789. Illaa 1794, boqortooyada waxaa xukumayey saddex sayid: kaniisadaha Trier St. Irminen, St. Maximin, iyo sayidkii qalcadda ee Dudeldorf, Orndorf, iyo qayb ka mid ah Gondorf. Ka dib iibinta qalcadda 1813, qayb ka mid ah dhismaha waxaa la siiyay bulshada si ay ugu isticmaasho dugsi. 1856, iyadoo la qaadanayo magaalada Prussiyaan iyo xeerka degmada miyiga, mudnaantani waa luntay. Intaas ka dib, Dudeldorf waxay ahayd bulsho miyiga ah iyo xarunta xafiiska duqa magaalada ee degmada Bitburg. 1860, tuulooyinka Gindorf, Metternich iyo Orndorf waxaa lagu daray Dudeldorf oo noqday Dudeldorf ee maanta. === Xukunka Naasiyada iyo Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka === {{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}} 1937, tuulada deriska la ahayd ee Orndorf waxaa lagu daray Dudeldorf. Askarta Jarmalka ayaa ku sugnaa Dudeldorf iyo agagaarkiisa. Sibtember 1, 1939, Ciidanka Jarmalka waxay u yeereen dhammaan kaydiyayaasha. Waqti ka dib sanadkaas, askar khibrad leh ayaa la geeyay aagga iyadoo bilaabatay ololihii Galbeedka. Dhamaadkii 1940, 121 askari oo kale ayaa loo wareejiyay Dudeldorf, taas oo ka dhigtay saamiga muwaadin-ilaa-askari siddeed ilaa mid. Beeralayda ka socota Dudeldorf waxaa la weydiiyay inay kordhiyaan wax-soo-saarkooda cuntada. 1943 iyo 1944, duqeymaha hawada ee hooseeya ee ku socday Dudeldorf ayaa kordhay. Xabaalaha degmada ee [[Philipp Straße]], saldhig radar ah ayaa la dhisay. Askartii la socotay waxaa lagu dejiyay shaqsiyaad ay isagu dhiseen. Juun 1944, 22 bambooyinka Mareykanka ah ayaa ku dhacay garoonka saldhigga radar iyo dhulka ku xigta ''Katzenpfädchen'' - ''Lehmkaule'' laakiin ma aysan geysan wax burbur ah oo militari ah. Dadweynaha waxaa la soo wariyay in arrintaan ay aad u dhibtay. Beeralayda ka shaqaynayay beeraha waxay arkeen bambooyin duulaya oo agtooda maraya, waxay ogaadeen inay halis ku jiraan, waxayna ammaan ka raadiyeen hoyga duqeymaha hawada. Dayrtii isla sanadkaas, qayb ka mid ah goosashada waxay ka dhacday mugdiga, maadaama duqeymaha joogtada ah ee hawada ay ka dhigeen shaqada beeraha ee maalintii mid aan suurtogal ahayn. Sibtember 1944, sababtoo ah horumarinta ciidamada xulafada, askartii Jarmalka ayaa ka baxday Faransiiska waxayna degeen Dudeldorf. Askartu waxay dhisteen isbitaal milatari oo fardaha loogu talagalay. Dhammaad toddobaadyo yar ka dib, askartan waa ay baxeen waxaana la wareegay askarta Ciidanka Cirka oo wata qoryaha lidka diyaaradaha oo ay geeyeen jagooyin ku yaal Dudeldorf. Toddobaadka labaad ee Sibtember, safafkii ugu horreeyay ee shaqaalaha millatariga ayaa yimid Dudeldorf. Waxaa lagu dejiyay qalcadda iyo guryaha gaarka ah, waxayna ku dhisteen godadka taangiyada ee Dudeldorf. Sibtember 17, 1944, dawanka maxalliga ah ayaa ku dhawaaqay in tareen qaxooti ah uu ka baxayo Philippsheim oo aadayo Reich. Nasiib darro, dad yar ayaa ka faa'iidaystay fursaddan. Markii Maraykanku ay si aad ah u sii socdeen, dabinnada taangiyada, jeexjeexyada, iyo difaacyada kale ayaa lagu dhisay tiro badan. Tirada askarta Jarmalka ee tuulada ayaa korortay. Habeenkii Sannadka Cusub, flak-ga waxaa lagu weeraray meel ka baxsan tuulada. Qaar ka mid ah bambooyinka ayaa ku dhacay guryaha ku xigta ee Dudeldorf. Afar bambooyin ayaa ku dhuftay derbiga dheer, iyagoo dilay afar qof oo kalena dhaawacay laba. Jiilaalka soo socda, askarta ayaa ka baxay Dudeldorf; si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa ka maqnaa shidaal iyo qalab, markaas waxay ku raranayeen alaabtooda fardaha iyo gaariyada gacanta. Sida askar badan oo qalabaysan ay u sii fogaanayeen oo ay Maraykanka qalabaysan ay horumarayeen, dadku waxay filayeen waxa ugu xun. Qoryaha waxaa la dhex dhigay meelaha sare ee Dudeldorf. Diyaaradaha duulimaadka hooseeya ayaa weeraray askartii Jarmalka ee jeexjeexday. Bambooyin ayaa dhacay oo qolofka madaafiicda ayaa ku dhuftay tuulada. Laga soo bilaabo bartaas, hoyga dabaq-hoosaadka ah ee leh sariiro iyo tas-hiilaadka jikada waxay noqdeen meelo guri oo joogto ah. Ka dib baxsashadii degdegga ahayd ee hoggaanka degmada NS ee Dudeldorf, dagaalkii aagga ku xeernaa wuxuu billowday 1 Maarso 1945. Labada maalmood ka dib, 3 Maarso 1945, askartii Jarmalka ee ugu dambeysay waxay ka tageen Dudeldorf. Intii ay soo noqonayeen, askartu waxay qarxiyeen laba buundo oo ku xiraya tuulada hoose tuulada sare, iyagoo u geystay burbur weyn dhismayaasha ku dhow. Saacado yar ka dib qaraxyadii ka dib, habeenkii Maarso 3 ilaa 4, ciidamada Mareykanka ayaa u Raxay Dudeldorf, iyagoo tooganaya qolofka fosfooraska ee wadadooda kuna shiday dhowr dhisme. Bartamaha weerarka culus, suurtogal ma noqon in la damiyo guryaha gubanaya; lix qof oo Dudeldorf ah ayaa dhintay laba kalena waa dhaawacmeen isku daygaas. Subaxnimadii Maarso 4, Maraykankii ugu horreeyay ayaa weeraray. Waxay ka yimaadeen Gon waxayna ku qasbeen inay galaan Tuulada Sare, iyagoo la wareegay tuulada daqiiqado gudahood. Dagaalkii Dudeldorf wuxuu socday saddex maalmood, wuxuuna ku ekaaday 7 Maarso 1945, xilligaas oo waddooyinka loo dhimay burbur. === Waqtiyada casriga ah === {{unreferenced section|date=May 2021}} Ka dib [[World War II]], bartamihii 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii, xarunta gudaha ee Dudeldorf ayaa barwaaqowday. [[German economic miracle|Mucjisada dhaqaalaha Jarmalka]] sidoo kale waxay saameysay Dudeldorf. 1956, dugsiga hoose ee Dudeldorf iyo bulshooyinka degitaanka ayaa lagu dhisay Schulstrasse. Laga soo bilaabo 1970, Dudeldorf waxay ka tirsanayd degmada Bitburg-Land. Dudeldorf waxay ka soo dhibtootay burburinta iyo xumaanshaha dhismayaasha taariikhiga ah ee 1960-meeyadii iyo 1970-meeyadii. 1972, xarunta xanaanada carruurta ee Dudeldorf ayaa la dhisay. 2011, Dudeldorf waxay ku guuleysatay tartanka "Tuuladeenu waxay leedahay Mustaqbal". Hadda, Dudeldorf waa ciidaha caanka ah iyo meesha dalxiiska. == Soo jiidashada == * [[Dudeldorf Castle]] * [[Altes Brauhaus Dudeldorf]] == Deganeyaasha caanka ah == *[[Edgar Schmitt]], ciyaaryahankii hore ee kubadda cagta Jarmalka. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2ioiajopqysjuf48hgmu9qfzw9emwat 0 50425 305501 304946 2026-08-18T04:59:38Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = Duenfus2.jpg |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|50|13|14|N|7|14|0|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Dünfus in COC.svg |state = |district = Cochem-Zell |Verbandsgemeinde = Kaisersesch |elevation = 315 |area = 3.25 |postal_code = 56754 |area_code = 02672 |licence = COC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 022 |divisions = |website = [http://www.duenfus.de/ www.duenfus.de] |mayor = Marcus Cortnum<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Dünfus''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', nooc ka mid ah degmada wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Cochem-Zell]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsantahay [[Kaisersesch (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kaisersesch]]. == Juqraafi == Dünfus waxay ku taallaa meel godan oo ku taal [[Eifel]] koonfurta Brohlbach, galbeedka [[Brohl]] iyo [[Forst (Eifel)|Forst]]. == Taariikhda == 1288, Dünfus waxay markii ugu horreysay ku xustay dukumeenti tixraac ku saabsan qof la yiraahdo "Dizzeemann von Dunevuse"; magaca waa asal ahaan [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] wuxuuna ka dhigan yahay "joogga webiga".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taariikhda Dünfus |url=http://www.duenfus.de/wappen.html |access-date=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2025-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811070014/https://www.duenfus.de/wappen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Intii u dhaxaysay 1686 iyo 1688, [[chapel]] ayaa loo dhisay sharafta [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Saint Bartholomew]]. Maamulka waxaa hayey [[Electorate of Trier]] ilaa 1794 markii aagga ay qabsadeen ciidamada [[French Revolutionary Wars|Kacaanka Faransiiska]]. 1815 Dünfus waxaa loo qoondeeyey Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]] waxaana laga dhigay qayb ka mid ah Prussiyaan ''Bürgermeisterei'' ("Mayoralty") ee Karden. 1933, Dünfus waxaa lagu daray ''[[Amt (country subdivision)|Amt]]'' ee Karden-Treis oo laga sameeyay degmada Cochem. Tan iyo 1946, waxay qayb ka ahayd gobolka cusub ee la aasaasay ee [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 8 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350402200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa Dünfus waa Marcus Cortnum.<ref name=mayor/> === Astaanta hubka === Sharaxaadda Jarmalku waa: ''Schild geviert, Feld 1: in Gold eine schwarze Urne, Feld 2: in Grün eine silberne Rose, Feld 3: in Rot ein silberner Sparrenbalken, Feld 4: in Gold ein schwarzes breites Messer schräglinks''. [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa luuqadda [[Heraldry|heraldic]] Ingiriisi sidan: Quarterly, first Or an urn sable, second vert a rose argent, third gules a bend dancetty of the fourth and fourth Or a flaying knife bendwise sinister of the second. Urna dambaska waa [[Archaeology|qadiimiga]] [[Artifact (archaeology)|artefact]] oo laga helay 1929 Häckelsberg, buur maxalli ah, intii lagu guda jiray shaqada qodista. Ubaxa (rose) wuxuu tixraacayaa hanti uu hayey Rosenthal Monastery, kaas oo uu kaniisaddu ka helay 1297 Heinrich von Polch. Qoyska sharafta leh ee von Pyrmont, sidoo kale, waxay ku lahaayeen hanti tuulada. Waxaa laga soo qaatay hubkooda waa [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] ee rubuc saddexaad, bend dancetty (xariijin zigzag ah). Middida maqaarka waa [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Saint Bartholomew]] sifo, sidaas darteed matalaya quduuska kaniisadda. Hubka waxaa la sitay tan iyo 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sharaxaad iyo sharraxaad hubka Dünfus |url=http://www.duenfus.de/wappen.html |access-date=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2025-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811070014/https://www.duenfus.de/wappen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indheynta == === Dhismayaasha === Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo ku taxan [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: * Saint Bartholomew's [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church (branch church; ''Filialkirche St. Bartholomäus''), Kirchstraße – [[aisleless church]], qiyaastii 1688; [[basalt]] iskutallaabta jidka, laga bilaabo 1754 * Bergstraße 5 – [[Timber framing|timber-frame]] guri, qayb ahaan adag, saqaf nus-hipped ah, qarnigii 18-aad, bakhaar; dhamaystiran dhismaha dhismayaasha * Brachtendorfer Weg 2 – ceel; saqaf hipped ah, qarnigii 18-aad ama 19-aad * Brunnenstraße – ceel * Kirchstraße (lambarka ma jiro) – timber-frame guri, qayb ahaan adag, plastered, qarnigii 18-aad (?) * On ''Landesstraße'' (Wadada Gobolka) 180 inta u dhaxaysa [[Hambuch]] iyo [[Binningen, Rhineland-Palatinate|Binningen]] – iskutallaabta jidka [[chapel]]; dhisme octagonal plastered ah, qarnigii 19-aad<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Tusmada Taallooyinka Dhaqanka ee degmada Cochem-Zell]</ref> == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} * [http://www.duenfus.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3258260/1bubqrd/index.html Sawir kooban oo Dünfus ah oo leh filim] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=3258260/1bubqrd/index.html |date=20160430092710 }} at [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunfus}} fznsemqdmwh0zwxltjiq3z4q7dc9lii 0 50430 305499 304943 2026-08-18T04:53:08Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Duppach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|15|38|N|6|34|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Duppach in DAU.svg |state = |district = Vulkaneifel |Verbandsgemeinde = Gerolstein |elevation = 461 |area = 10.28 |postal_code = 54597 |area_code = 06558 |licence = DAU |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 33 211 |website = [https://www.duppach.de/ www.duppach.de] |mayor = Gottfried Wawers<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2330000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Vulkaneifel], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 10 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Duppach''' waa ''[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]'' (oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]]), qayb ka mid ah koox degmooyin ah oo lagu magacaabo [[Gerolstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Gerolstein]], taas oo ku taal magaalada ''[[Gerolstein]]'' ee [[Vulkaneifel]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Duppach waxay ku taal [[Vulkan Eifel|Vulkaneifel]], qayb ka mid ah gobolka [[Eifel]] oo caan ku ah asalkeeda volcano, sifooyinka juqraafiyeed iyo juqraafiyeed. Weli waxaa socda hawlo volcano ah mararka qaarkoodna gaasasku waxay ka soo baxaan dhulka. Joogga gobolka Duppach wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 400 ilaa 600&nbsp;m [[sea level|badda ka sarraysa]]. Tuulada lafteedu waxay ku taal dhul yar oo hooseeya oo ah 460&nbsp;m oo ka sarreysa heerka badda. Magaalooyinka [[Hillesheim]] iyo [[Gerolstein]]labaduba waxay jiraan 10&nbsp;km. Magaalada [[Prüm]] waxay jirtaa 13&nbsp;km. === Duppacher Maar (Duppacher Weiher) Volcano=== Duppacher [[Maar]] (Duppacher Weiher) oo ahaa 16-hectare ee hore waa volcano waxaana la qalajiyey agagaarka 1930.<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/pageview/497278 Zum Duppacher Weiher] {{in lang|de}}</ref><ref>{{KulturDB-Trier|30208|Vulkan Duppacher Weiher}} {{in lang|de}}</ref><ref>[https://www.strassenkatalog.de/panoramio/duppacher_weiher_trockenmaar,53345248.html Duppacher Weiher, Trockenmaar] {{Wayback|url=https://www.strassenkatalog.de/panoramio/duppacher_weiher_trockenmaar,53345248.html |date=20241219170355 }} {{in lang|de}}</ref> * Dhinaca waqooyi, inta u dhaxaysa Duppach iyo [[Steffeln]], waa [[Eichholzmaar]], oo ah [[maar]] volcano ah oo leh ilaha macdanta ee ''Steffelner Drees'' iyo ''Aueler Drees''. == Taariikhda == Qoditaanka [[Archaeology|qadiimiga ah]] ee degmada dibadda ee Weiermühle oo bilaabmay 2002, haraadiga [[AncientRome|Roman]] villa iyo laba taallo oo waaweyn oo aas ah ayaa la helay. ''Archäologischer Förderverein Duppach e.V.'' ("Duppach Club for the Promotion of Archaeology") oo la aasaasay 2003 waxay sii wadeysay shaqada qodista, inkasta oo ay tahay waqtiyo aan joogto ahayn. Qoditaanka waxaa kormeera Dr. Peter Henrich. 843, Duppach waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay ''Duibach'' dukumentiyada xilliga. Laga soo bilaabo 1334 ilaa [[French Revolution|Kacaanka Faransiiska]], Duppach waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[County of Manderscheid]]-Blankenheim. Tan iyo 1970, waa qayb ka mid ah [[Gerolstein (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Gerolstein]].<ref>[http://www.gerolsteiner-land.de/gden/duppach/Duppach.htm History] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gerolsteiner-land.de/gden/duppach/Duppach.htm |date=20070926220850 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220850/http://www.gerolsteiner-land.de/gden/duppach/Duppach.htm |date=2007-09-26 }}</ref> == Siyaasadda == === Golaha Degmada === Goluhu wuxuu leeyahay 8 xubnood, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codbixinta aqlabiyadda]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday June 7, 2009, duqa magaaladuna waa guddoomiyaha.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2330221100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Astaanta hubka === Sharaxaadda Jarmalku waa: ''{{lang|de|Durch Wellenschnitt von Gold über blau geteilt; oben ein wachsender schwarzer, rotbewehrter Löwe, unten zwei silberne Hirschstangen, ein goldenes Kreuz einschließend.}}'' Halkan waxaa ku yaal sharraxaad ku saabsan degmada [[Coat of arms|hubka]] ee Ingiriisi [[Heraldry|heraldic]]: Libaax madow oo leh ciddiyo guduudan ayaa la tուսinayaa kor laba gees oo deerada cad ah oo ku wareegsan iskutallaab dahab ah oo leh asalka dahabka ah oo buluug ah oo ay kala qaybisay xariiq mowjado ah. [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] ee qaybta sare ee [[escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] waxaa laga soo qaatay astaanta hubka ee ay isticmaali jireen Counts of Manderscheid-Blankenheim ee hore, oo ay ku jirtay [[lion rampant]] oo isku mid ah [[tincture (heraldry)|tinctures]] sida libaaxa ku jira hubka Duppach, inkasta oo kan dambe, uu yahay demi-lion oo ay goysay xariiqda kala qaybinta. Lammaanaha geesaha ("attires") ee ku wareegsan iskutallaabta waa mid ka mid ah [[Hubertus|Saint Hubert]] sifooyinkeeda, sidaas darteed ka dhigaysa tixraac quduuska ilaaliyaha ah ee tuulada iyo kaniisaddeeda. Xariiqda mowjadda ah ee qaybinta waxay calaamad u tahay durdurrada badan ee laga helayo aagga.<ref>[http://www.gerolsteiner-land.de/gden/duppach/wappenerklaerung.htm Description and explanation of Duppach’s arms] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gerolsteiner-land.de/gden/duppach/wappenerklaerung.htm |date=20070926220829 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220829/http://www.gerolsteiner-land.de/gden/duppach/wappenerklaerung.htm |date=2007-09-26 }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indheynta == === Dhismayaasha === Kaniisadda xabaasha ee hadda jirtaa waxay dib ugu noqotaa sannadkii 1330 waana mid ka mid ah [[Eifel]] kaniisadihii ugu da'da weynaa. 1926, ka weyn [[Baroque Revival architecture|Baroque Revival]] Saint Hubert Church (''St. Hubertus-Kirche'') waxaa la dhisay, maadaama dhismihii hore uusan sii weyneyn oo aanu ku habboonayn baahiyaha kaniisadda. Tan iyo markii la burburiyay [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]], waxa ka haray kaniisaddii qarnigii 14-aad maanta waa chancel-ka oo loo isticmaalo kaniisad xabaal ah. 1950-yadii, shirkadda korontada [[AEG (German company)|AEG]] waxay lahayd guri gaboobay oo laga dhisay [[Duppacher Wald]] (kaynta ku xeeran Duppach) ee [[Konrad Adenauer]], oo ahaa [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] ee Jarmalka xilligaas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka saxaafaddu maqashay musuqmaasuqan oo ay ka warrantay, shaqadii guriga waa la joojiyay. Gurigii nus-dhammaystirnaa wuxuu sidii u taagnaa kaynta wuxuuna burburayay wixii markaas ka dambeeyay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spiegel.de/einestages/konrad-adenauer-luxusvilla-in-der-eifel-das-anruechige-geschenk-a-1143642.html|title=Filziges Geschenk der Industrie: Adenauers Skandal-Villa - SPIEGEL ONLINE - einestages|last=Germany|first=SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg|website=SPIEGEL ONLINE|access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref> Dhismayaasha kale ee xiisaha leh waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: * Auf dem langen Garten 1 - guri oo mar ka ahaa qayb ka mid ah hanti laba dhinac leh (rectory hore) oo asal ahaan la dhisay agagaarka 1743, muuqaalkeeda dibadda ee hadda waa mid cusub. * Hauptstraße - haraadiga kaniisadda Saint Hubert [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]] Church hore, [[Gothic architecture|Late Gothic]], la dhisay 1551. * Hauptstraße 25 – ''Quereinhaus'' (meel la degno oo ganacsi oo isku dhafan oo u qaybsantay dhexda xariiq u dhimman wadada), la dhisay 1876, barxadda cobbled. * Iskutallaabta jidka, waqooyiga tuulada ee waddada ku socota Steffeln, [[sandstone]] pedestal cross, qarnigii 19-aad. * Weiermühle 13/15 – guri sharaf leh oo la dhisay 1815.<ref>[https://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Vulkaneifel.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Vulkaneifel district]</ref> === Ilaha Aashitada === Qiyaastii 1&nbsp;000&nbsp;m oo ka baxsan tuulada, waxaa ku taal aashito [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]] (oo looga yaqaan [[Eifel]] sida ''Drees'') halkaas oo dadka tuuladu ay yimaadaan si ay u ururiyaan [[mineral water]]. Iluhu waxay hodan ku yihiin [[iron]] iyo macdanta. Biyuhu sidoo kale waxay hodan ku yihiin [[carbonic acid]] (H₂CO₃), oo ay badankoodu u yaqaaniin biyaha soda, taas oo caadi ka ah gobolka Eifel, oo ah aag volcano ah. == Dadka caanka ah == *[[Klaus-Peter Müller]], Guddoomiyaha Golaha Maamulka ee [[Commerzbank]] AG, waxaa ku dhashay September 16, 1944, ee Duppach. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == *[https://www.duppach.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220850/http://www.gerolsteiner-land.de/gden/duppach/Duppach.htm Duppach (Gerolsteiner Land) ] {{in lang|de}} *[http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5123040/88yvkg/ Video ku saabsan Duppach at ''Hierzuland''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=5123040/88yvkg/ |date=20160511012224 }} ([[Südwestrundfunk|SWR]]) {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} 6o30xg96j13ixy7dw4wksv3tv3h4s54 0 50432 305500 304944 2026-08-18T04:54:52Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = DEU Durbach COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|30|N|8|1|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Durbach in OG.svg |state = |region = Freiburg |district = Ortenaukreis |elevation = 208 |area = 26.33 |postal_code = 77770 |area_code = 0781 |licence = OG, BH, KEL, LR, WOL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 08 3 17 021 |website = [https://www.durbach.de/ www.durbach.de] |mayor = Andreas König<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/buergermeisterwahl-durbach-2022/ Bürgermeisterwahl Durbach 2022], Staatsanzeiger.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;30 |party = CDU }} '''Durbach''' waa degmo ku taal degmada [[Ortenau (district)|Ortenau]] ee [[Baden-Württemberg]] ee [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ku taal cidhifka buuraha [[Black Forest]] ee waqooyiga lix kioomitir waqooyi bari ee magaalada [[Offenburg]]. Laamaha ugu waaweyn ee ganacsiga waa beeraha (gaar ahaan soo saarista khamriga) iyo dalxiiska. Waxa lagu yaqaanaa khamriga [[Riesling]]. Canabka Riesling ee ka baxa degmada Ortenau waxaa loo yaqaana Klingelberger magaca beerta canabka ah ee ku taal Durbach. == Taariikhda == Durbach waxaa markii ugu horreysay lagu xusay 1887 sida Turbach. Sannadkii 1973 bulshada waxaa ku jiray Ebersweier. == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indheynta == Indha-indheynta waxaa ka mid ah magaalada lafteeda iyo beero canab ah oo ku xeeran oo ku fidsan jiirada buuraha. * Schloss Staufenberg <ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.schloss-staufenberg.de|title= Schloss Staufenberg in Durbach |language=de}}</ref> waa qalcad, oo ay leedahay [[Margraviate of Baden|Markgraf von Baden]] oo leh aragtiyo ka sarreeya dooxada [[Rhine]] iyo [[Strassbourg]] ilaa buuraha [[Vosges]] ee [[Alsace]]. * Matxafka fanka casriga ah Hurrle<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.art-magazin.de/ausstellungen/16393-thma-ausstellung-durbach-museum-fuer-aktuelle-kunst-sammlung-hurrle-durbach |title=Museum für Aktuelle Kunst – Sammlung Hurrle Durbach |publisher=art Magazin |language=de |access-date=2017-10-04 }}</ref> * «Skulpturenpark» waa bandhig farshaxan casri ah oo ku yaal baarkanka MediClin Staufenburg Klinik. <ref>{{cite web|title=Skulpturenpark-Durbach|url=https://www.durbach.de/Media/Attraktionen/Skulpturenpark-Durbach|agency=Stadt Durbach|language=de|access-date=2017-10-04|archive-date=2017-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034538/https://www.durbach.de/Media/Attraktionen/Skulpturenpark-Durbach|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Iskaashiga == Magaalooyinka iskaashiga ah waa: * {{AUT|#}} [[Bürserberg]], [[Vorarlberg]], [[Austria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.badische-zeitung.de/ortenaukreis/der-ortenaukreis-ist-in-europa-tief-verwurzelt--79934725.html|title=Der Ortenaukreis ist in Europa tief verwurzelt|language=de}}</ref> * {{FRA|#}} [[Châteaubernard]], [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]], [[France]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stadtanzeiger-ortenau.de/durbach/c-lokales/vom-badischen-sizilianer-zum-echten-durbacher_a1340 |title=Vom badischen Sizilianer zum echten Durbacher |language=de |access-date=2026-08-09 |archive-date=2017-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004034444/https://www.stadtanzeiger-ortenau.de/durbach/c-lokales/vom-badischen-sizilianer-zum-echten-durbacher_a1340 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gallery == <gallery class="center"> Image:Durbach mit Winzergenossenschaft.jpg |Durbach Image:Durbach_(5).jpg |Staufenberg Castle Image:Sammlung_Hurrle_(11).jpg |Hurrle Collection Image:Skulpturenpark_Durbach_2014-26-049-f.jpg |Martin Petz (Topas),<br> Solitudine, 1996<br>{{small|Sculptures park}} Image:Skulpturenpark_Durbach_2014-48-107-f.jpg |Christa Biederbick-Tewes,<br> Kleine Reiterin, 1986<br>{{small|Sculptures park}} File:Durbach-Ebersweiler, Heilig Kreuz Kirche in straatzicht IMG 5334 2023-05-06 11.04.jpg|Ebersweier, church (Heilig Kreuz Kirche) in the street </gallery> == Mashaariicda kale == * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Durbach Commons Durbach] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Skulpturenpark_Durbach Commons Skulpturenpark Durbach] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Burg_Staufenberg_(Schwarzwald) Commons Burg Staufenberg] == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{YouTube|caD5hCd0JL4 |Schwarzwald Durbach Skulpturen Park Staufenburgklinik}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} * {{in lang|de}} [https://www.alemannische-seiten.de/deutschland/durbach.php Durbach:History and images] * [http://www.durbach-info.de/ Tourist Information] {{Authority control}} ny1jgtto4x2fncdhstgqee62t6lry4f 0 50529 305502 304948 2026-08-18T05:09:26Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = |coordinates = {{coord|48|27|06|N|10|05|52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Elchingen in NU.svg |image_photo = Elchingen2.jpeg |image_caption = [[Keniisadda Elchingen]] |state = |region = Schwaben |district = Neu-Ulm |elevation = 465 |area = 24.89 |postal_code = 89275 |area_code = 0731, 07308 |licence = NU, ILL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 09 7 75 139 |divisions = 3 [[Ortsteil]]e |website = [https://elchingen.de/ elchingen.de] |mayor = Joachim Eisenkolb<ref>[https://www.statistik.bayern.de/wahlen/kommunalwahlen/bgm/ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden], [[Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik]], (in German), 15 July 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2020&ndash;26 |party = Ind }} [[File:Elchingen 1619.jpg|thumb|Elchingen in 1619]] [[File:Unterthalfingen-1903.jpg|thumb|Unter-Thalfingen in 1903]] '''Elchingen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɛlçɪŋən}}) waa [[municipality|degmo]] qiyaastii 7 km bari ka [[Ulm]]–[[Neu-Ulm]] ee degmada [[Neu-Ulm (district)|Neu-Ulm]] ee [[Bavaria]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Qaybaha degmada: * Thalfingen: 4 211 deganayaal, 8.83 km² * Oberelchingen: 3 024 deganayaal, 7.31 km² * Unterelchingen: 2 863 deganayaal, 8.76 km² == Taariikhda == 1294, Elchingen (maanta: Unterelchingen) waxaa u iibiyay Konrad of Plochingen kawada kaniisadda Cistercian ee Salem. Unterelchingen waxay ku jirtay hantideeda ilaa xilligii la haystaa 1802. Unterelchingen weligood ma aysan haysanin Kaniisadda Elchingen. 1803, Ober-, Unter-elchingen iyo Thalfingen waxay noqdeen Bavarian, sababtoo ah Sharciga Weyn ee Deputation Imperial. Kaniisadda [[Benedictine]] ee Elchingen waxaa la aasaasay bilowgii qarnigii 12-aad. 1395 dukumentiyadii dhabta ahaa oo dhan waxaa lagu burburiyay dab. Marka taariikhda quduusinimada ee suurtogalka ah (15 Ogosto 1128) lama caddayn karo. Qiyaastii 1500, qabsadihii Jarmalka Ambrosius Ehinger ayaa halkaas ku dhashay. Waxa uu dib u noqday shaqsi muhiim ah gumeysiga Klein-Venedig ee Venezuela casriga ah. Waxaa dilay qabiilooyinka asaliga ah 1533 iyagoo raadinaya El Dorado ee khuraafaadka ah. Elchingen waxay caan ku noqotay [[Battle of Elchingen]]: 14 Oktoober 1805 ciidamadii [[Napoleon]] ee hoos imaanayay taliska Marshal [[Michel Ney]] waxay ka adkaadeen [[Austria]]ns. Hal maalin ka dib [[Battle of Ulm]] ayaa bilaabantay, taas oo ka dib [[Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich|Karl Mack von Leiberich]] ugu dambeyntii uu qasbay inuu is dhiibo. 1806 Napoleon wuxuu siiyay cinwaanka ''Duc d'Elchingen'' Marshal Ney<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Elchingen|volume=9|page=164}}</ref> waxaana magaca Elchingen lagu xardhay [[Arc de Triomphe]] ee [[Paris]]. Gobolka guushii Napoleon waxay ka dhigan tahay dhammaadka sareyntii Austria taas oo keentay dib u habeynta aagga [[Württemberg]] iyo Bavaria. Degmada maanta ee Elchingen waa natiijada dib u habeynta Bavaria 1 Maajo 1978 iyada oo lagu daray Thalfingen, Oberelchingen iyo Unterelchingen. === Tirada dadka degan === <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width: 620 height:200 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:10000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:2500 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:2001 text:2001 bar:2002 text:2002 bar:2003 text:2003 bar:2004 text:2004 bar:2005 text:2005 bar:2006 text:2006 bar:2007 text:2007 bar:2008 text:2008 bar:2009 text:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 text:2011 PlotData= color:barra width:40 align:center bar:2001 from:0 till: 9336 bar:2002 from:0 till: 9320 bar:2003 from:0 till: 9326 bar:2004 from:0 till: 9294 bar:2005 from:0 till: 9232 bar:2006 from:0 till: 9213 bar:2007 from:0 till: 9239 bar:2008 from:0 till: 9244 bar:2009 from:0 till: 9185 bar:2010 from:0 till: 9187 bar:2011 from:0 till: 9164 PlotData= bar:2001 at: 9336 fontsize:S text: 9.336 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2002 at: 9320 fontsize:S text: 9.320 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2003 at: 9326 fontsize:S text: 9.326 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2004 at: 9294 fontsize:S text: 9.294 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2005 at: 9232 fontsize:S text: 9.232 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2006 at: 9213 fontsize:S text: 9.213 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2007 at: 9239 fontsize:S text: 9.239 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2008 at: 9244 fontsize:S text: 9.244 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2009 at: 9185 fontsize:S text: 9.185 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2010 at: 9187 fontsize:S text: 9.187 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) bar:2011 at: 9164 fontsize:S text: 9.164 fontsize:S shift: (2,5) </timeline> == Duqa magaalada == *1984-2008: Anton Lang (dhintay 2008) *Nofembar 2008: Joachim Eisenkolb waxaa loo doortay duqa magaalada<ref>[http://www.elchingen.de/index.php4?id=44&Detail=166 Info about Elchingen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elchingen.de/index.php4?id=44&Detail=166 |date=20211025211401 }} elchingen.de</ref> Laga soo bilaabo 2020 Joachim Eisenkolb waa duqa magaalada Elchingen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gemeinde Elchingen |url=https://innovationsregion-ulm.de/mitgliederliste/gemeinde-elchingen/?lang=en |access-date=29 July 2023 |language=de |archive-date=29 Bisha Todobaad 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729170626/https://innovationsregion-ulm.de/mitgliederliste/gemeinde-elchingen/?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha == === Gaadiidka === Elchingen waxay ku taal [[Bundesautobahn 8|A8 autobahn]], oo ku xerta Stuttgart iyo Munich, u dhow isgoyska ay A8 ka gudubto [[Bundesautobahn 7|A7]], waxayna leedahay bixitaankeeda gaarka ah. Elchingen sidoo kale waxay ku taal khadka tareenka ee u dhexeeya Ulm iyo [[Aalen]], oo loogu yeero ''Brenzbahn''. === Goobaha soo jiidashada leh === [[File:Martinstor Oberelchingen.jpg|thumb|150px|Martinstor Oberelchingen]] * Kaniisadda Katooliga St. Laurentius ee bartamaha Thalfingen. * Waqooyiga Thalfingen waa [[truck stop]] Seligweiler. * Kaniisadda Oberelchingen oo ay ku jirto kaniisaddii hore ee abbey St. Peter iyo Paul. === Isboortiga === Tuulada yar ee Thalfingen waxaa ku yaal hool badan oo la isticmaali karo, kaas oo si buuxda loo habeeyay 2005. === Dhacdooyinka joogtada ah === Kaniisadda Protestant-ka waxay qabataa dabaaldeg bulsho oo sanadle ah oo ka dhaca Thalfingen. "Narrabaumstella" ee dhaqanka ah, ee caanka ka ah gobolka, caado carnival ah oo Swabian-Alemannic ah ayaa ka dhacda sanad walbo Oberelchingen waxayna soo jiidataa boqolaal kaqeybgaleyaal ah wadooyinka Oberelchingen. === Wiilasha iyo gabdhaha magaalada === * [[Ambrosius Ehinger]] (dhashay ka hor 1500-1533) qabsadihii Jarmalka iyo gudoomiyihii ugu horreeyay ee Venezuela * Konstantin Vidal (1900-1990), siyaasi Jarmal ah (CSU), 1946-1950 xubin ka tirsan [[Bavarian Parliament]] * Martin Grath (dhashay 1960 ee Thalfingen) Xubin ka tirsan Landtag * [[Katrin Albsteiger]], (dhashay 1983), siyaasi CSU ah == Suugaanta == *Franz Willbold: ''Napoleons Feldzug um Ulm. Die Schlacht von Elchingen 1805'' {{ISBN|3-7995-8027-1}} *Alfred Krauss: ''1805 – Der Feldzug von Ulm.'' Vienna 1912 (Khariidado ka socda tan [http://www.napoleon-online.de/html/1805karten.html napoleon-online.de] {{Wayback|url=http://www.napoleon-online.de/html/1805karten.html |date=20130328113539 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328113539/http://www.napoleon-online.de/html/1805karten.html |date=28 March 2013 }}: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720011847/http://www.napoleon-online.de/Feldzug1805_Krauss14.jpg Dagaalkii u dhowaa Elchingen] und [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720145620/http://www.napoleon-online.de/Feldzug1805_Krauss15.jpg Xaaladda fiidkii 14 Oktoober]) == Tixraac == {{More footnotes needed|date=September 2019}} {{Reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{Commons|Kloster Elchingen}} * {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}} {{Commons category}} {{Authority control}} s9t296t7n45ivsalf4etit66x5jb4me 0 50623 305503 304891 2026-08-18T05:27:48Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Eschfeld |type = |image_photo = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_coa =DEU Eschfeld (Bitburg-Prüm) COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|50|06|45|N|6|12|01|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |year_of_first_mention=1330|image_plan = Eschfeld in BIT.svg |state = |district = Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm |Verbandsgemeinde = Arzfeld |elevation = 500 |area = 4.78 |postal_code = 54619 |area_code = 06559 |licence = BIT |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 32 220 |population=|Stand=2022-12-31|website = [http://www.eschfeld.de/ www.eschfeld.de] |mayor = Stephan Heck<ref>[http://www.eschfeld.de/?page_id=38] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eschfeld.de/?page_id=38 |date=20260216051047 }}, accessed 18 April 2024.</ref> |leader_term = 2022&ndash;24 }} '''Eschfeld''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Bitburg-Prüm|Bitburg-Prüm]], ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], galbeedka [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == Eschfeld waxay ku taal [[German-Luxembourg Nature Park|Jardiinada Dabiiciga ah ee South Eifel]]. Bulshada waxaa ku jira qaybo ka mid ah aagga deegaanka Banzenhof iyo tuulada Wässerchen. Labada magaalo waxay sidoo kale ka tirsan yihiin degmada deriska la ah ee [[Reiff (Rhineland-Palatinate)|Reiff]]. == Taariikhda == Billaabashadii Eschfeld oo ahayd deegaan [[Celts|Celtic]] waxay dib ugu noqotaa qiyaastii 400 BC. BC, taas oo lagu soo gabagabeeyay helitaanka hadhaaga lafaha iyo jajabka weelasha 1948. Waxaa también jira koox [[tumulus]] ah iyo [[Cremation|dhul aasidda gubista]] oo ku yaal aagga Eschfeld laga soo bilaabo xilliga [[Hunsrück-Eifel culture]] iyo xilliga [[Ancient Rome|Roman]]. Labadaba hadda waxaa loo arkaa [[necropolis]] xiran. Sheegashadii ugu horreysay ee la diiwaangeliyay waxay dib ugu noqotaa 1330, markii Eschfeld uu ka tirsanaa [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier|Archdiocese of Trier]]. Ilaa dhammaadkii qarnigii 18-aad, Eschfeld wuxuu ahaa caasimadda mid ka mid ah saddexda beero caano (degmooyinka maamulka iyo garsoorka) ee ka tirsanaa xukunka Dasburg ee Luxembourg [[Counts of Vianden|county of Vianden]]. 13 magaalo ayaa ka tirsanaa caanaha Eschfeld.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Clomes |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ja0vAAAAYAAJ&dq=Eschfeld&pg=RA1-PA9 |title=Versuch einer statistisch-geographischen Beschreibung des Großherzogthums Luxemburg |publisher=Schmit-Bruck |year=1840 |page=2 |language=de}}</ref> Macluumaadka ku saabsan cabbirka dadka Eschfeld waxaa la bixiyay 1611, markii tobaneeyo "Feuerstätten" (guryaha) laga diiwaangeliyay tuulada. Hoos u dhaca dadweynaha ee ay sababtay [[Plague (disease)|cudurka daacuunka]] ee ka dillaacay Eschfeld 1656 lama soo ceshan ilaa ku dhowaad 100 sano ka dib. Sida qaybo ka mid ah [[Rhineland]], Eschfeld waxaa qabsaday [[French First Republic|Faransiiska]] 1794 waxaana la siiyay xafiiska duqa magaalada (Mairie). Intii lagu guda jiray [[Peasants' War (1798)|dagaalkii bobbin]] ee ka dhanka ahaa ciidamada qabsashada, afar muwaadin oo Eschfeld ah ayaa lagu dilay [[Luxembourg]]. Intii lagu guda jiray maamulka Faransiiska, Eschfeld wuxuu ka tirsanaa [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz|diocese of Metz]] ee Faransiiska laga bilaabo 1802. Natiijada [[Congress of Vienna]] ee 1815, Eschfeld wuxuu sidoo kale noqday qayb ka mid ah [[Prussia]] wuxuuna ka tirsanaa diocese of Trier mar kale laga bilaabo 1818. Laga bilaabo 1904 Eschfeld wuxuu ahaa qayb ka mid ah xafiiska duqa magaalada Leidenborn, laga bilaabo 1936 wuxuu ka tirsanaa xafiiska Daleiden-Leidenborn iyo tan iyo 1970 [[Arzfeld (Verbandsgemeinde)|degmada Arzfeld]]. Urur deyn ah ayaa la aas-aasay 1884, dugsiga tababarka miyiga ah ayaa la dhisay 1887 iyo urur korinta miraha ayaa la aas-aasay 1889. Eschfeld wuxuu ku xirnaa shabakadda korontada tan iyo 1928. [[Second World War|Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka]] wuxuu ka tagay waxyeelo badan Eschfeld, qiyaastii 60% tuulada waa la baabbi'iyay. 22 Febraayo 1945, magaalada waxaa qabsaday ciidamada Maraykanka. 1969, dugsi ayaa laga dhisay Eschfeld, kaas oo jiray ilaa 1980-meeyadii. Dhismaha waxaa loo beddelay xarun bulshada tuulada 1993. === Horumarinta dadweynaha === Horumarinta dadweynaha Eschfeld, qiimaha laga bilaabo 1871 ilaa 1987, waxay ku saleysan yihiin tirakoobyada: {| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" !Year !population |- |1815 |121 |- |1835 |222 |- |1871 |233 |- |1905 |220 |- |1939 |480 |} | {| class="wikitable" !Year !population |- |1950 |243 |- |1961 |218 |- |1970 |241 |- |1987 |182 |- |1997 |191 |} | {| class="wikitable" !Year !population |- |2005 |182 |- |2011 |182 |- |2017 |198 |- |2022 |201 |} |} == Siyaasadda == === Golaha deegaanka === Golaha deegaanka ee Eschfeld wuxuu ka kooban yahay lix xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay codka badnaanshaha doorashada deegaanka ee 26 May 2019, iyo [[Volunteering|sharaf leh]] [[Mayor|duqa degmada]] oo ah guddoomiye. === Duqa magaalada === Peter Marx wuxuu xafiiska joogay tan iyo 2014, laakiin wuxuu geeriyooday si kedis ah Oktoobar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nachruf Peter Marx |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/713/ausgabe/43/2021/artikel/00000000000028281544-OL-713-2021-43-43-0 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=ol.wittich.de |publisher=Islek aktuell VG Arzfeld |language=de}}</ref> Maaddaama aysan jirin magacaabista saxda ah ee loo gudbiyay doorashada tooska ah ee loo qorsheeyay 20 Febraayo 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Onlinelesen – Wahl der Ortsbürgermeisterin/des Ortsbürgermeisters der Ortsgemeinde Eschfeld |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/713/ausgabe/2/2022/artikel/00000000000029705203-OL-713-2022-2-2-0 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=ol.wittich.de |publisher=Islek aktuell VG Arzfeld |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Onlinelesen – Sitzung des Ortsgemeinderates Eschfeld |url=https://ol.wittich.de/titel/713/ausgabe/9/2022/artikel/00000000000030265708-OL-713-2022-9-9-0 |access-date=2024-04-18 |website=ol.wittich.de |publisher=Islek aktuell VG Arzfeld |language=de}}</ref> doorashada cusub waxay hadda ahayd mas'uuliyadda golaha si waafaqsan xeerka degmada. Doorashadii 10 Maarso 2022, alderman-kii 1aad ee hore, Stephan Heck, ayaa loo doortay duqa cusub ee Eschfeld.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kontakt – Ortsgemeinde Eschfeld |url=http://www.eschfeld.de/?page_id=38 |access-date=2024-04-18 |language=de-DE |archive-date=2024-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419105610/http://www.eschfeld.de/?page_id=38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gacmaha jaakadda === Blazon-ka Jarmalka wuxuu akhriyaa: ''Geteilt und oben gespalten, vorn in silber blaues bauchiges Tongefäß, hinten in grün goldene Ähre, unten in rot silberne Leiste, belegt mit silberner Scheibe, diese belegt mit blauem Balken und rotem Pfahl mit trapezförmigen Enden.'' [[Coat of arms|Calaamadda]] degmada ee Ingiriisiga [[Heraldry|luqadda heraldic]] waxaa lagu tilmaami karaa sida soo socota: Divided and split at the top, in front in silver blue bulbous clay vessel, behind in green golden ear of corn, below in red silver bar, covered with silver disc, this covered with blue bar and red pole with trapezoidal ends. Weelka dhoobada ah ee 2400-sano jirka ah wuxuu ka yimid buur aaska Celtic ah waana caddaynta ugu da'da weyn ee dejinta aagga Eschfeld. Magaca meesha hore ee Eszfeld wuxuu u taagan yahay goob abuur oo la nadiifiyay, halkaasna waxaa ka ah daaqa cagaaran iyo dhegta galleyda. In ka badan nus qarni, Eschfeld wuxuu ka tirsanaa degmada Luxembourg ee Vianden, ccalaaamaddiisa degmada waxay ka muuqataa baarka lacagta ah ee ku taal asalka cas. Kaniisadda Eschfeld waxaa daryeelay wadaadada ka socda keniisadda Vianden Trinitarian. Astaantooda diinta, iskutallaabta Trinitarian, waxay astaan u tahay Saddex-midnimada. == Dalxiiska == Kaniisadda Eschfeld iyo qabrigu waxay ku yaalliin waxa hadda ah degmada hoose ilaa 1867. Kaniisadda parish ee hadda ee St. Luzia waxaa la dhisay 1869 waxaana lagu qurxiyay saqafka iyo rinjiyeynta gidaarka uu sameeyay wadaadka Christoph März int u dhaxeeya 1906 iyo 1921.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-04-19 |title=Katholische Pfarrkirche St. Luzia in Eschfeld {{!}} Objektansicht |url=https://www.kuladig.de/Objektansicht/KLD-345669}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Font-ka baabtiiska Romanesque wuxuu taagan yahay dhinaca kaniisadda. Qabrigii sharafta ee Eschfeld ayaa sidoo kale ku yaal agagaarka kaniisadda parish. Hore [[Volksschule]] waxaa lagu dhisay agagaarka kaniisadda parish 1912. == Tixraac == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} 2gfjykc7entyk19jy6swcldeh65t82u 0 50627 305504 304896 2026-08-18T05:27:58Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Etgert.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|46|46|N|7|01|19|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Etgert in WIL.svg |state = |district = Bernkastel-Wittlich |Verbandsgemeinde = Thalfang |elevation = 445 |area = 3.75 |postal_code = 54424 |area_code = 06504 |licence = WIL |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 2 31 032 |mayor = Sabrina Kirch<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/2310000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 6 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 }} '''Etgert''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmo wadajir ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafiyada == Degmadu waxay ku taal [[Hunsrück]] waxayna ka tirsan tahay [[Thalfang am Erbeskopf|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Thalfang am Erbeskopf]], oo xarunteedu tahay degmada [[Thalfang]]. == Taariikhda == Laga bilaabo qarnigii 12-aad, Etgert waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah ''Mark Thalfang'', dhul u dhigma qiyaastii ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee maanta. Natiijada qalalaasaha [[French Revolution|Kacaankii Faransiiska]], Etgert waxay ku hoos jirtay xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]] oo bilaabmay qiyaastii 1800. Sannadkii 1814 waxaa loo qoondeeyay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna]]. Tan iyo 1947, waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah gobolka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee markaas la aas-aasay. Ilaa dib-u-habaynta maamulka ee Rhineland-Palatinate 1969, degmadu waxay ka tirsanayd degmada Bernkastel, oo xarunteedu ahayd [[Bernkastel-Kues]]. Maanta Etgert waa qayb ka mid ah [[Thalfang am Erbeskopf|''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Thalfang am Erbeskopf]]. == Siyaasadda == === Golaha deegaanka === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanshaha]] doorashadii golaha deegaanka ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/2310603200.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Gacmaha jaakadda === [[Coat of arms|Calaamadda]] degmada waxaa loo tilmaami karaa sida soo socota: Or semée of oakleaves vert a lion rampant gules armed and langued azure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Etgert’s arms |url=http://www.ute24.com/vgthalfang/index.shtml |access-date=2026-08-11 |archive-date=2012-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105074518/http://ute24.com/vgthalfang/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Etgert waa bulsho deggan oo miyi ah. Waxaa jira ganacsiyo yar yar oo u adeega baahiyaha deegaanka. == Tixraac == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.vg-thalfang.de ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Thalfang am Erbeskopf] {{in lang|de}} {{authority control}} 2z47aa9kwo8pjv6807u99mgjupdl66s 0 50833 305507 305313 2026-08-18T05:49:06Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_photo = |image_coa = Wappen Gamlen.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|14|23|N|7|12|4|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gamlen in COC.svg |state = |district = Cochem-Zell |Verbandsgemeinde = Kaisersesch |elevation = 350 |area = 5.59 |postal_code = 56761 |area_code = 02653 |licence = COC |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 1 35 033 |website = [http://www.gamlen.de/ www.gamlen.de] |mayor = Michael Münch<ref name=mayor>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/1350000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Cochem-Zell], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 9 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Gamlen''' waa {{lang|de|[[Ortsgemeinde (Germany)|Ortsgemeinde]]}} – [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan {{lang|de|[[Verbandsgemeinde]]}}, oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal [[Cochem-Zell]] [[Districts of Germany|degmada]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Kaisersesch (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Kaisersesch]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay magaalada [[Kaisersesch|magaca la mid ah]]. == Juqraafi == Degmada waxay ku taal [[Eifel]] kala bar int u dhaxeysa [[Eulgem]] dhinaca galbeed iyo [[Kaifenheim]] dhinaca bariga. == Taariikh == Sannadkii 1252, Gamlen waxay markii ugu horreysay ku yeelatay xusid dukumiinti ah magaca ''Gammenheim'' dukumiinti deeq ah. Sannadkii 1338, Boqor [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Ludwig the Bavarian]] wuxuu siiyay Garaad Robert ee Virneburg xaq uu ku magacaabo ''[[Schultheiß]]en'' gudaha ''Gaemyheim''. Dadkii lahaa dhulka ee Gamlen qarnigii 18aad waxay ahaayeen Muasasada Mayen, Kaniisadda Beilstein, Baron-yada Gymnich, Garaadada [[House of Leyen|Leyen]] iyo Baron-yada Clodt. Laga soo bilaabo 1794, Gamlen waxay hoos timid xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]]. Sannadkii 1815 waxaa loo qoondeeyay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] shirweynihii [[Congress of Vienna|Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1946, waxay ka mid tahay gobolkii markaas la aas-aasay ee [[States of Germany|gobolka]] [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Laga soo bilaabo 2004, Gamlen waxay leedahay hool magaalo oo cusub oo weyn. == Siyaasad == === Golaha degmada === Goluhu wuxuu ka kooban yahay 12 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu soo doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanshaha]] doorashadii degmada ee la qabtay 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa magaalada ee sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/1350203300.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> === Duqa magaalada === Duqa magaalada Gamlen waa Michael Münch.<ref name=mayor/> === Calaamadda gacanta === Magaca Jarmalka ee astaanta ayaa dhahaya: ''Das Wappen wird durch eine gestürzte Spitze gespalten. Darin in Rot drei Steine. Vorne in Rot eine goldene Rose, hinten in Grün ein silberner Korb mit five goldenen Ähren.'' [[Coat of arms|Astaanta]] degmada ee luqadda [[Heraldry|hargeeyada]] Ingiriiska waxaa loo qori karaa sida soo socota: Per pile embowed, gules a rose Or, argent three stones, one and two, of the first, and vert a basket of the third issuant from which five ears of wheat of the second. [[charge (heraldry)|Astaanta]] hordhaca ah, saddexda dhagax, waxay tixraacayaan kan ilaaliya kaniisadda, [[Saint Stephen|Stephen]], kaas oo ay la socoto [[Saint Peter]] oo loo xusay inay yihiin kuwa ilaaliya tan iyo 1680. Ubaxa guduudan wuxuu xasuusinayaa Kaniisadda Rosenthal ee ku dhow. Nin degganaa Gammenheim – oo ahaa magaca tuulada xilligaas – wuxuu ku deeqay goosashadiisii ​​dalagga kaniisadda sannadkii 1278. Xuquuqda suuqa ee la siiyay tuulada aad bay u horreysay waxaana calaamad u ah dambaska, miraha sarreenkana waxay tixraacayaan hawlaha beeraha ee degmada.<ref>[http://www.muench.netcologne.net/wappen.htm Description and explanation of Gamlen’s arms] {{Wayback|url=http://www.muench.netcologne.net/wappen.htm |date=20110723220444 }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723220444/http://www.muench.netcologne.net/wappen.htm |date=2011-07-23 }}</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == == Dhismaha == Kuwa soo socdaa waa dhismayaal ama goobo liis garaysan oo ku jira buug-gacmeedka [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] ee Monologue-yada Dhaqanka: * [[Saint Stephen]]’s [[Catholic Church|Kaniisadda]] Kaatoligga (kaniisadda laanta; ''Filialkirche St. Stephan''), Hauptstraße 31 – [[Gothic Revival architecture|Kaniisadda Gothic Revival]] oo aan lahayn marin-biyood, 1878; dibadda, [[crucifix]]; taallo dagaalyahanno ah oo wadata [[relief]] 1914–1918 * Hauptstraße 10 – dugsigii hore; dhismaha lebenka ah, ku dhawaad 1900 * On ''Landesstraße'' (Waddada Gobolka) 109 – isgoyska waddada, qarnigii 18aad ama 19aad * On ''Landesstraße'' 109 – isgoyska waddada, laga bilaabo 1776 * waqooyi-bari ee Gamlen – isgoyska waddada; saldhigga iyo jirridda, qarnigii 18aad<ref>[http://denkmallisten.gdke-rlp.de/Cochem-Zell.pdf Directory of Cultural Monuments in Cochem-Zell district]</ref> == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == * [http://www.gamlen.de/ Bogga rasmiga ah ee degmada] {{in lang|de}} * [http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2367404/12mxfnn/index.html Brief portrait of Gamlen with film] {{Wayback|url=http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2367404/12mxfnn/index.html |date=20110820085912 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820085912/http://www.swr.de/landesschau-rp/hierzuland/-/id=100766/nid=100766/did=2367404/12mxfnn/index.html |date=2011-08-20 }} ee [[SWR Fernsehen]] {{in lang|de}} {{Authority control}} lc7eqcdxyulfm8z6vzyqzskdkmyg0q9 0 50881 305509 305361 2026-08-18T06:01:22Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_coa = Gerolsheim-wappen.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|32|50|N|08|15|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gerolsheim in DÜW.svg |state = |district = Bad Dürkheim |Verbandsgemeinde = Leiningerland |elevation = 104 |area = 4.81 |postal_code = 67229 |area_code = 06238 |licence = DÜW |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 32 021 |website = {{url|http://www.gerolsheim.de/}} |mayor = Erich Weyer<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kd/gebiete/3320000000000.html Direktwahlen 2019, Landkreis Bad Dürkheim], Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz, accessed 3 August 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2019&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Gerolsheim''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Bad Dürkheim (district)|Bad Dürkheim]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == === Goobta === Degmadu waxay ku taal waqooyi-galbeed ee isu-geynta magaalooyinka [[Rhine-Neckar]]. Waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Leiningerland (Verbandsgemeinde)|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Leiningerland]], oo la aas-aasay 2018, taas oo xarunteedu tahay [[Grünstadt]], inkasta oo magaaladaasi aysan iyadu ku jirin ''Verbandsgemeinde''. == Taariikh == Sannadkii 915, Gerolsheim waxay markii ugu horreysay ku lahayd dukumiinti ku xusan magaca ''Geroltesheimero''. Ilaa 1969, degmadu waxay ka tirsanayd degmada Frankenthal ee hadda la baabi'iyay. Sannadkii 1972 waxaa yimid midoobidda [[Verbandsgemeinde]] ee cusub ee Grünstadt-Land. ''Sondermülldeponie Gerolsheim'' (“Qashinka Gaarka ah ee Qashinka”) waxaa la xiray 2003 kadib tobaneeyo sano oo ay degmadu ku dadaalaysay in ay gaarto ujeedadaas. === Diinta === Sannadkii 2007, 41.2% dadka deegaanka waxay ahaayeen [[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]] iyo 29.5% [[Roman Catholicism|Catholic]]. Inta kale waxay ka tirsanaayeen diimo kale ama ma aysan haysanin wax diin ah.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KommWis, Stand: 31.12.2007 |url=http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm |access-date=2026-08-15 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133331/http://www.kommwis.de/uploads/media/Online-Gemeindestatistik_02.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Siyaasad == [[File:2006-Gerolsheim-Rathaus.jpg|thumb|Golaha magaalada Gerolsheim]] === Golaha degmada === Golaha waxaa ka kooban 16 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye. Doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 7 Juun 2009 waxay keentay natiijooyinkan:<ref>[http://wahlen.rlp.de/kw/wahlen/2009/gemeinderatswahlen/ergebnisse/3320302100.html Kommunalwahl Rheinland-Pfalz 2009, Gemeinderat]</ref> {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" align="center" | || [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] || [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] || [[Free Voters|FWG]] || '''Wadarta''' |- align="center" | 2009 || 4 || 3 || 9 || 16 kursi |- align="center" | 2004 || 5 || - || 11 || 16 kursi |} === Duqa magaalada === Doorashada duqa magaalada, 1,421 muwaadiniin ah ayaa xaq u lahaa inay codeeyaan, kuwaas oo 919 ay dhab ahaantii aaday sanduuqyada codbixinta. ''Ortsbürgermeister'' (Duqa magaalada) Erich Weyer (FWG) waxaa lagu xaqiijiyay xafiiskiisa 713 cod (79.7%) oo ka soo horjeeda kan kasoo horjeeda Volker Rossel (SPD) oo helay 182 cod (20.3%). === Astaanta hubka === ''In Rot ein dreizackiges silbernes Fischspeereisen, unten beidseits von je einer goldenen Rose mit blauen Butzen beseitet.'' Degmada [[Coat of arms|hubkeeda]] waxaa lagu sifeeyay sida soo socota: ''In Rot ein dreizackiges silbernes Fischspeereisen, unten beidseits von je einer goldenen Rose mit blauen Butzen beseitet.'' Waxaa laga yaabaa in Ingiriisiga [[Heraldry|luqadda heraldic]] lagu sifeeyo sida soo socota: Gules the head of a trident palewise argent, the points to chief, between two roses Or seeded azure in base. Hubka waxaa ansixiyay 1924 Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha ee Gobolka [[Bavaria]] waxayna dib ugu laabanayaan shaabad laga soo bilaabo 1541. Trident waxay u taagan tahay quduuska kaniisadda, [[Leodegar]].<ref>Karl Heinz Debus: ''Das große Wappenbuch der Pfalz''. Neustadt an der Weinstraße 1988, {{ISBN|3-9801574-2-3}}</ref> == Dad caan ah == === Muwaadiniinta sharafta leh === *23 Oktoobar 2004 Adolf Buch, 40 sano oo ah siyaasi degmo, ku dhowaad 25 oo ah duqa magaalada *23 Oktoobar 2004 Ilse Buch (Xaaska Adolf Buch), 40 sano oo shaqo bulsho iyo naadi ah == Akhris dheeraad ah == * Alexander Thon: ''Gerolsheim.'' In: Jürgen Keddigkeit (Hrsg.): ''Pfälzisches Burgenlexikon''. Beiträge zur pfälzischen Geschichte Bd. 12/2, Institut für Pfälzische Geschichte und Volkskunde, Kaiserslautern 2002, S.&nbsp;130-188, {{ISBN|3-927754-48-X}}. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} == Xiriirinta dibadda == {{commons category}} {{Authority control}} a3mfu21czq6z2l8lo8jt0ose6uk0how 0 50890 305510 305371 2026-08-18T06:02:54Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |type = Ortsgemeinde |image_coa = Wappen Gielert.png |coordinates = {{coord|49|46|28.44|N|07|00|9.52|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Gielert in WIL.svg |state = |district = Bernkastel-Wittlich |Verbandsgemeinde = Thalfang am Erbeskopf |elevation = 500 |area = 4.09 |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07231035 |postal_code = 54424 |area_code = 06504 |licence = WIL |website = |mayor = Jannick Jungbluth<ref>[https://ol.wittich.de/titel/722/ausgabe/24/2023/artikel/00000000000037192593-OL-722-2023-24-24-0 Bekanntmachung des Ergebnisses der Wahl zum Ortsbürgermeister der Ortsgemeinde Gielert am 11.06.2023], Thalfang aktuell − Amtsblatt VG Thalfang, 12 June 2023, accessed 5 August 2023 (in German).</ref> |leader_term = 2023&ndash;24 |party = }} '''Gielert''' waa ''Ortsgemeinde'' – oo ah [[Municipalities of Germany|degmo]] ka tirsan ''[[Verbandsgemeinde]]'', oo ah nooc ka mid ah degmooyinka wadajirka ah – oo ku taal degmada [[Bernkastel-Wittlich]] ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. == Juqraafi == Gielert waxay ka tirsan tahay [[Thalfang am Erbeskopf|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Thalfang am Erbeskopf]], taas oo xarunteedu tahay degmada [[Thalfang]]. == Taariikh == Laga soo bilaabo qarnigii 12-aad, Gielert waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah ''Mark Thalfang'', dhul u dhigma maanta ''Verbandsgemeinde''. Natiijo ahaan qalalaasaha [[French Revolution|Kacaanka Faransiiska]], Gielert waxay hoos timid xukunka [[France|Faransiiska]] laga bilaabo ilaa 1800. Sannadkii 1814 waxaa loo dhiibay Boqortooyada [[Prussia]] ee [[Congress of Vienna|Kongareeska Vienna]]. Laga soo bilaabo 1947, waxay ahayd qayb ka mid ah [[States of Germany|gobolka]] la aas-aasay ee [[Rhineland-Palatinate]]. Illaa dib-u-habayntii maamulka ee Rhineland-Palatinate 1969, degmadu waxay ka tirsanayd degmada Bernkastel, taas oo xarunteedu ahayd [[Bernkastel-Kues]]. Maanta Gielert waa qayb ka mid ah [[Thalfang am Erbeskopf|''Verbandsgemeinde'' ee Thalfang am Erbeskopf]]. == Siyaasad == === Golaha degmada === Golaha waxaa ka kooban 6 xubnood oo golaha ah, kuwaas oo lagu doortay [[Plurality voting system|codka badnaanta]] doorashadii degmada ee dhacday 26 May 2019, iyo duqa sharafta leh oo ah guddoomiye.<ref>[https://www.wahlen.rlp.de/de/kw/wahlen/kg/ergebnisse/2310603500.html Der Landeswahlleiter Rheinland-Pfalz: Kommunalwahl 2019, Stadt- und Gemeinderatswahlen], accessed 5 August 2023 (in German).</ref> === Astaanta hubka === Degmada [[Coat of arms|hubkeeda]] waxaa loo sifeyn karaa sida soo socota: Vert an oak eradicated argent, in a chief embowed party per pale argent a cross gules and Or a lion rampant of the third couped at the hip by the line of partition, armed and langued azure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gielert’s arms at the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' website |url=http://www.ute24.com/vgthalfang/index.shtml |access-date=2026-08-15 |archive-date=2012-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105074518/http://ute24.com/vgthalfang/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/g/gielert.htm Gielert’s arms at ''Heraldry of the World'']</ref> == Dhaqanka iyo indha-indhaynta == === Astaamaha dabiiciga ah === *Old ''Huteiche'' (“Hat Oak”) ee Gielert === Kooxaha === * Kooxda ciyaaraha ''FC Gielert'' == Dhaqaalaha iyo kaabayaasha == Gielert waa bulshodeed deegaaneed miyi ah. Waxaa jira ganacsiyo yaryar oo u adeega baahiyaha maxalliga ah. == Tixraacyo == {{reflist}} {{authority control}} 7femdgfbq47q6d4qgdrcyzlyj52czv3 0 50891 305511 305372 2026-08-18T06:02:55Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German place |type = Stadt |image_coa = DEU Giengen an der Brenz COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|48|37|18|N|10|14|42|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_photo = Giengen_an_der_Brenz.jpg |image_caption = Giengen oo ka yimid Bruckersberg |image_plan = Giengen an der Brenz in HDH.svg |state = |region = Stuttgart |district = Heidenheim |elevation = 464 |area = 44.07 |postal_code = 89537 |area_code = 07322 |licence = HDH |Gemeindeschlüssel= 08 1 35 016 |divisions = 5 |website = {{URL|http://www.giengen.de/welcome|(in English)}} |mayor = Dieter Henle<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/staatsanzeiger/wahlen/buergermeisterwahlen/ Aktuelle Wahlergebnisse], Staatsanzeiger, accessed 12 September 2021.</ref> |leader_term = 2017&ndash;25 |Bürgermeistertitel = Lord Mayor |party = Independent }} '''Giengen''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡɪŋən|-|De-Giengen.ogg}}; magaca buuxa: '''Giengen an der Brenz''' {{IPA|de|ˈɡɪŋən ʔan deːɐ̯ ˈbʁɛnts|}}, {{lit|Giengen on the Brenz}}; [[Swabian German|Swabian]]: ''Gẽänge'') waa [[Free Imperial City|Magaalo Boqortooyo oo Xor ah]] oo hore oo ku taal bariga [[Baden-Württemberg]] oo u dhow xadka Bavaria ee koonfurta Jarmalka. Madaxtooyada waxay ku taal degmada Heidenheim ee dhinaca bariga ee [[Swabian Alb]], qiyaastii 30 kiiloomitir waqooyi-bari ee [[Ulm]] oo ku taal [[Brenz (river)|Webiga Brenz]]. Giengen waa magaalada hooyo ee shirkadda [[Margarete Steiff]], oo ikhtiraacday [[teddy bear|orso teddy ah]]. Lagu rakibay wadada Nuremberg-Ulm-Constance, oo ah mid ka mid ah waddooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee [[Way of St. James]], Giengen waxaa sannad walba booqda tiro sii kordhaysa oo ah xujooyin socda oo ku socda [[Santiago de Compostela]]. == Taariikh == Caddaynta ugu horreysa ee dukumiintiga ee magaalada waxay ku jirtay taariikhdii khaasadda ee monastery ee Peterhausen taas oo warbixisay dhimashadii dagaalka ee 1078 ee margrave Diepold II von Vohburg, sayidkii Giengen. 1147, Adele, gabadhii Diepold III, waxaa loo guursaday [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Boqorka Frederick I Barbarossa]] laakiin waa la furay dhowr sano ka dib sababtoo ah caruur la'aan. Frederick Barbarossa wuxuu ahaa booqde marmar ah iyo degganaa waxaana laga yaabaa intii uu joogay 1171 inuu siiyay xuquuqda suuqa iyo hubka unicorn ee magaalada. Wali waxaa loo tixraacaa sida villa (tuulo) dukumiinti taariikhaysan 1216, Giengen waxay u muuqatay inay gaartay heerka magaalada (civitas) 1252. === Magaalada Boqortooyada Xorta ah (1395–1803) === Magaalada waxaa la geliyay wax ka badan hal jeer boqorradii xigtay, iyo tirada [[Württemberg]] iyo [[Oettingen]] labaduba waxay ku tartamayeen maamulka magaalada. Waxay ahayd kaliya 1395 in heerka Giengen ee ahaanaysay Magaalo Boqortooyo oo Xor ah, oo ka madax bannaan qof kasta oo sayid ah laakiin Boqorka, uu ugu dambeyn aqoonsaday dhammaan. 1481, magaalada waxaa laga reebay xukunka maxkamad kasta oo dibedda ah. Giengen, oo ahayd xubin ka tirsan horyaalada magaalooyinka xorta ah ee Swabian tan iyo dhammaadkii qarnigii 14-aad, waxay ku biirtay [[Swabian League|Horyaalka Swabian]] ee awoodda badnaa markii laaas-aasay 1488. Magaaladu waxay ka qayb qaadatay dagaalkii guulaystay ee Horyaalka ka dhanka ahaa Württemberg 1519. Sida laga soo xigtay Reichsmatrikel ee 1521 oo caan ah - dukumiintiga dejiyay waajibaadka militariga iyo lacagaha ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah [[Imperial Estates]] - Giengen waxaa waajib ku ahayd inay ku tabarucdo 2 fardooleey, 13 askari oo lug ah iyo 60 gulden. Tabarucaaddaas waxay ku taallay meel u dhow hoose ee liiska 85 Magaalooyinka Boqortooyada Xorta ah ee jiray markaas, iyada oo ka tarjumaysa cabbirka yar iyo agabka fudud ee magaalada (marka la barbar dhigo, tabarucaadda Ulm ee u dhow waxaa lagu dejiyay 29, 120 iyo 600 siday u kala horreeyaan). Hadddana, Giengen waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah 50-ka Magaalooyinka Boqortooyada Xorta ah ee ka badbaadi lahaa [[Thirty Years' War|Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano]] iyo [[Peace of Westphalia|Nabadda Westphalia]] oo ay sii ahaadaan hay'ado ku dhow-madaxbannaan ilaa 1802-03. ==== Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka ==== [[File:Giengen. The Marktplatz in the late 1930s.jpg|thumb|''Marktplatz'']] [[File:The Brenz River at Giengen, circa 1910.jpg|thumb|Webiga Brenz ee Giengen, qiyaastii 1910]] Sida ku dhowaad dhammaan Magaalooyinka Boqortooyada kale, Giengen waxaa si qoto dheer u beddelay Dib-u-habaynta Protestant-ka, taas oo soo gashay dawladaha magaalada ka hor intaysan gelin maamulada adduunka iyo kaniisadda ee Boqortooyada. Xataa ka hor int>**__</>**ugii Dib-u-habaynta, waxaa jiray qanco la'aan badan oo ka dhan ah saamaynta baahsan ee Kaniisadda, gaar ahaan Magaalooyinka Boqortooyada Xorta ah oo, iyagoo inta badan ka madax bannaan siyaasad ahaan, ay la halgamayeen xakamaynta Kaniisadda arrimaha diinta sida toban meelood meel, maxkamadaha kaniisadda, iwm., iyada oo aan la tirin xaqiiqda ah in hantida diinta iyo wadaadada, labaduba adduunka iyo joogtada ah, inta badan laga reebay cashuuraha iyo kasta oo maamul rayid ah. Sida అందుకే, jebinta ugu dambeysa ee Rome iyo bishop-ka maxalliga ah - kiiska Giengen, [[Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg|Bishop ee Augsburg]] - waxay ka dhigan tahay dhammaadka dhibsashada daran iyo kororka weyn ee gaaritaanka siyaasadeed ee magaalooyinka iyo amiirrada Protestant-ka cusub oo, laga bilaabo markaas, yeelan lahaa gacan buuxda oo ah wadaadada la habeeyey, toban meelood meel iyo xeerarka diinta iyo aasaaska. Hal Kaspar Pfeiffelmann wuxuu ahaa wadaadkii ugu horreeyay ee Protestant ah ee ka wacdiyay Giengen, gaar ahaan kaniisadda isbitaalka 1528. 1531, ka dib markii lagu celceliyay codsiga muwaadiniinta maxalliga ah si ay u kireeyaan wadaad Evangelical (Lutheran) ah oo joogto ah, Golaha Magaaladu waxay ugu dambeyntii kireeyeen wadaadkii iyo dib-u-habeeyere Martin Rauber. Magaaladu waxay si rasmi ah u qaadatay mabaadi'da cusub ee Lutheran 1537. Goor dambe sannadkaas, dib-u-habeeyaha caanka ah iyo theologian [[Martin Bucer]] oo ka yimid [[Strasbourg|Strasburg]] ayaa booqday Giengen. Adeegyada Catholic-ga waxaa la mamnuucay 1556 iyo dhawaan ka dib, iyadoo la raacayo jihada guud ee horayba ugu socotay Magaalooyinka Xorta ah ee kale, Giengen waxay ka tagtay siyaasadeeda beddelka ee ku tiirsaneyd qancinta aamusan oo ay soo saartay in dhammaantood aan-waafaqsanayn sida [[Anabaptist]]s - oo loo arko inay yihiin kuwo aad u xag-jir ah oo halis ku ah nidaamka bulshada iyo nabadda diinta - ay ahayd inay ka baxaan magaalada haddii ay diidaan inay u beddelaan Lutheranism. Magaaladu waxay si xun u dhibtootay intii uu socday Dagaalkii Sodonka Sano waxaana la boobay oo la madax furay dhowr jeer ciidamada Iswiidhan, Boqortooyada/Isbayn iyo Faransiiska iyo 1634 dab ba'an ayaa burburiyay qayb badan oo ka mid ah magaalada. Askartii ugu dambaysay ee lagu dejiyay magaalada ayaa baxday Ogosto 1650, in ka badan hal sano ka dib saxiixa Nabadda Westphalia. Nolosha si tartiib tartiib ah ayay dib ugu soo noqotay sidii caadiga ahayd lacagtiina waa la helay si loo dib u dhisay dugsiyada iyo kaniisadaha. Duke ee Württemberg ee soo booqday ayaa la cabbay oo la cunay intii uu booqashada ku joogay 1655: dawladda magaalo madax-bannaan ee yar yar waxaa gebi ahaanba ku hareeraysan dhulka Württemberg iyo xiriir wanaagsan oo lala yeesho dukes-ka ayaa muhiim ahaa. Dadka Giengen, oo ku taagnaa ku dhowaad 2000 habenkii Dagaalka 1618, waxay dib ugu laabatay 1200 1651 iyo 1700 1671. Laga soo bilaabo sannadkii dabka ilaa 1672, qaar ka mid ah 200 oo qof - 95 ka yimid aagga, 20 oo ka yimid Ulm, 29 oo ka yimid Bavaria iyo 62 oo ka yimid inta ka hartay Boqortooyada - waxay iibsadeen dhalashada Giengen (''Bürgerrecht''). Sharci cashuur cusub oo uu ansixiyay Golaha Magaalada 1677 wuxuu keenay qanco la'aan caan ah oo ka dhalatay cabasho loo diray Golaha Aulic, komishan boqortooyo oo ka kooban tirada Oëttingen iyo xubnaha Golaha Magaalada ee Ulm, deriska awoodda leh ee Giengen ee koonfurta, wuxuu xukumay in ururada shaqaaluhu ay ku lug yeeshaan geeddi-socodka go'aan ka gaarista cashuuraha. Xeerku wuxuu ahaa inuu sii ahaado mid xoog leh ilaa Giengen ay ka joogsatay inay noqoto Magaalo Boqortooyo oo Xor ah 1802. ==== Qarnigii siddeed iyo tobnaad ==== [[File:Reichsstadt Giengen Territorium - Mejer-Homann 1710.png|thumb|left|Giengen oo ku taal khariidadda qarnigii 18-aad]] Qarnigii 18-aad wuxuu ahaa mid aan dhacdooyin badan u lahayn Giengen magaaladuna si xor ah ayay uga badbaadday [[War of the Spanish Succession|Dagaalka Dhaxalka Isbayn]] iyo dagaalladii kale ee qarniga. Wax badan kama dhicin magaalada hurudda ah: belfry ee kaniisadda St. Georg ayaa dib loo dhisay dab ka dib iyo font baabtiis cusub waxaa ku deeqay muwaadin caan ah; dukaanka samaynta xubinta ayaa furay ganacsi; hal Jakob Osswald iyo gabadhiisa ayaa madaxa laga jaray “incestua cum filia”. Sahanka 1734 wuxuu muujiyay in ay jireen "130 fardo, 130 madax oo lo' ah, doofaarro badan iyo 1,000 idaha" ee Magaalada Boqortooyada Xorta ah ee yar, taas oo lahayd dabeecad miyiga ah oo kala duwan. 1732, magaalada, oo dayactiraysa dawladaha Protestant-ka kale, waxay qaadatay 12 qoys oo Protestant ah oo, iyaga iyo boqollaal kale, laga saaray [[Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg|Salzburg]] oo uu saaray Prince-Archbishop. [[Emperor Charles VII]] wuxuu si kooban u joogay guriga Bürgermeister 1743, iyo intii uu ka soo laabanayay Talyaaniga Juun 1788, [[Goethe]] wuxuu joogay laba habeen Huteelka ''Goldenen Gans'', halkaas oo uu ku bixiyay 2 gulden oo cunto ah. Dadku markaas waxay ahaayeen ilaa 1770, ku dhowaad aan isbeddelin qarnigii ka horreeyay. ==== Dhamaadka heerka magaalada boqortooyada xorta ah ==== [[File:Giengen.jpg|thumb|left|Giengen qiyaastii 1910]] Intii ay socotay [[German mediatisation|dhexdhexaadinta Jarmalka]] ee 1802-03, Giengen looma reebin masiirka inta badan ee 50-ka Magaalooyinka Boqortooyada Xorta ah ee Boqortooyada Roomaanka ee dhimanaysa magaaladuna waxay lumisay madax-bannaanideedii. September 5, 1802, Duke Frederick II ee Württemberg wuxuu u qoray “Mayor iyo Golaha Magaalada ee Magaalada Boqortooyada ee Giengen” in “ay tahay inay isku qanciyaan baahida loo qabo in Giengen” lagu daro duchy-giisa. Bishii xigtay, Duke wuxuu ku amray bailiff-kiisa Heidenheim inuu galo Giengen oo uu la wareego hantida. Waqtigaas, magaalada - mid ka mid ah 15 Magaalooyinka Boqortooyada Xorta ah ee lagu dhex milmay Württemberg int u dhaxeysa 1802 iyo 1810 - waxay hoy u ahayd 464 qoys, waxay lahayd 1,695 deggenayaal, 354 guri, 119 bakhaar, iyo miisaaniyad dheeri ah oo ah 6,000 gulden.<ref>Tani waxay ka kooban tahay macluumaad ka soo jeeda goobta Jarmalka-luqadda ee http://www.giengen-brenz.de/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.giengen-brenz.de/ |date=20100225094231 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225094231/http://www.giengen-brenz.de/ |date=2010-02-25 }}</ref> <gallery> Giengen-an-der-Brenz--Marktstraße.jpg|Giengen-an-der-Brenz Giengen-stadtmauer.jpg|Derbiga magaalada Giengen Giengen a d Br - Rathaus v S.JPG|Hoolka magaalada Giengen Geburtshaus der Margarete Steiff (Lederstraße 26).jpg|Goobta dhalashada Margarete Steiff Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F008314-0004, Giengen, Firma Steiff.jpg|Soo saaridda orso teddy ee Margarete Steiff GmbH, Giengen, 1960 </gallery> == Duqa magaalada == * 1819–1826: Johannes Oswald * 1826–1848: Martin * 1848–1851: Lorenz David Wencher * 1851–1860: Anton Fink * 1860–1891: Lorenz David Wencher * 1891-1929: Julius Brezger * 1929–1945: Christian Ehrlinger * 1945–1948: Adolf Kolb * 1948–1977: Walter Schmid * 1977–2001: Siegfried Rieg * 2001–2009: Clemens Stahl * 2009-2017: Gerrit Elser * Oktoobar 2017 – hadda: Dieter Henle == Dad caan ah == [[File:Steiffmargarete.jpg|thumb|150px|Margarete Steiff]] * [[Jacob Heerbrand]] (1521–1600), borofisar dhanka fiqiga, kanseelari iyo nebi ku sugan Tübingen * [[Margarete Steiff]] (1847–1909), aasaasaha warshadda caruusadaha Steiff * Max von Zabern (1903–1991), maamulaha degmada iyo bangi * Karl Gerold (1906–1973), suxufi, tifaftiraha Frankfurter Rundschau * [[Erich Ehrlinger]] (1910–2004), dambiile baaxad leh, Taliyaha Guutada SS iyo Taliyaha Booliska Amniga Russia Center * Ursula Späth (dhashay 1937), ilaaliyaha Ururka Qaranka "Action Multiple Sclerosis ill patients" (BLACKBIRD), carmal [[Lothar Späth]] * Jörg Knoblauch (dhashay 1949), ganacsade iyo qoraa * Jochen Klein (1967–1997), rinjiile * [[Frank Zeller]] (dhashay 1969), cayaaryahan chess, tababare iyo qoraa * [[Andreas Stoch]] (dhashay 1969), qareen iyo siyaasi (CDU), wasiirka waxbarashada ee Baden-Württemberg 2013–2016 * Franz Garlik, muusikiye iyo jilaa === Muwaadiniinta xorta ah === Degmada Giengen waxay siisay [[Freedom of the City|xornimada magaalada]] dadka soo socda:<ref name = "History">Taariikhda magaalada Giengen ee kooxda shaqada ee taariikhda magaalada, 2002</ref> * 1875 Johann Vötsch, macallin (1824 East Village – 1897 Ulm) * 1894 Josef Stocker, ilaaliye kaymo (1822 Bühlertann – 1895 Giengen) * 1902 Christian Baumann, macallin sare (1830 – 1913, ku dhashay oo ku dhintay Giengen) * 1906 Karl Rau, naqshadeeyaha magaalada (1830 – 1913, ku dhashay oo ku dhintay Giengen) * 1908 Hans Haehnle, Ganacsi, xubin ka tirsan ''[[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]]'' (1839 Giengen – 1909 Winnental) * 1909 August Dieterlen, borofisar (1847 Gönningen – 1923 [[Stuttgart]]) * 1920 Georg Käumle, Rector (1853 Gärtringen – 1936 Stuttgart) * 1921 Dr. Paul Wörnle, sarkaal kaymo (1869 – 1937, ku dhashay oo ku dhintay Stuttgart) * 1929 Julius Brezger, duqa magaalada (1861 Giengen – 1930 Göppingen) * 1930 [[Lina Hähnle]], aasaasaha iyo guddoomiyaha ''Bund für Vogelschutz'', oo hadhow u beddelay [[Naturschutzbund Deutschland|Ururka Ilaalinta Dabiiciga]] (1851 [[Sulz am Neckar]] – 1941 Giengen) * 1977 Walter Schmid, duqa magaalada (1910 – 1994 Giengen) * 1988 Hans Otto Steiff, soo saare (1919 – 1994, ku dhashay oo ku dhintay Giengen) * 2001 Siegfried Rieg, duqa magaalada (1977–2001). == Tixraacyo == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} rwcq0wdeow4346n2w7qui9orzz020yx 0 50900 305512 305381 2026-08-18T06:03:00Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |name = Ginnheim |type = Quarter |City = [[Frankfurt am Main]] |image_coa = Wappen_Ginnheim.png |coordinates = {{coord|50|08|25|N|08|38|50|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Frankfurt Stadtteil Ginnheim.svg |plantext = Goobta ay ku taal Ginnheim ('cas') iyo Ortsbezirk Mitte-Nord ('cas khafiif ah') oo ku taal Frankfurt am Main |state = |region = Darmstadt |district = urban |elevation = |area = 2.701 |population = 16826 |population_as_of = 2020-12-31 |pop_ref = <ref name=pop20>{{cite web|url=https://frankfurt.de/-/media/frankfurtde/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/pdf/pdf-fsa/2021/fsa_2021_07_bevoelkerung_ende2020.ashx|title=Frankfurt Statsitik Aktuell 07/2021|publisher=Stadt Frankfurt am Main|date=July 2021|access-date=2021-09-22|url-status=dead|archive-date=2021-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801112311/https://frankfurt.de/-/media/frankfurtde/service-und-rathaus/zahlen-daten-fakten/pdf/pdf-fsa/2021/fsa_2021_07_bevoelkerung_ende2020.ashx}}</ref> |postal_code = 60431 |area_code = 069 |licence = F |website = [http://www.ginnheim.de www.ginnheim.de] }} '''Ginnheim''' ({{IPA|de|ˈɡɪnhaɪm|-|LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller-Ginnheim.wav}}) waa xaafad ka tirsan [[Frankfurt am Main]], Jarmalka. Waa qayb ka mid ah ''[[Ortsbezirk (Frankfurt am Main)|Ortsbezirk]] Mitte-Nord''. [[File:DSC08757 Frankfurt Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße und U-Bahn als Hochbahn.jpg|thumb|left|Elevated route for motorway and [[U-Bahn Line A (Frankfurt U-Bahn)|U1-subway]] at ''[[Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße (Frankfurt am Main)|Rosa-Luxemburg-Straße]]'', facing Ginnheim; ''[[Europaturm]]'' tower on the left.]] ==Tixraacyo== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} ca31iq6znwfjlf3na23pfxxih44pa96 0 50902 305513 305383 2026-08-18T06:03:28Z InternetArchiveBot 28368 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox German location |image_photo = |image_coa = DEU Glasau COA.svg |coordinates = {{coord|54|03|N|10|31|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |image_plan = Glasau in SE.svg |state = |district = Segeberg |Amt = Trave-Land |elevation = 42 |area = 18.82 |postal_code = 23719 |area_code = 04525 |licence = SE |Gemeindeschlüssel = 01 0 60 025 |website = [http://www.amt-trave-land.de/ www.amt-trave-<br />land.de] |mayor = Henning Frahm |party = }} '''Glasau''' waa degmo ka tirsan degmada [[Segeberg]], ee [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[Germany|Jarmalka]]. Waxaa loogu magac daray hantida iyo guriga weyn ee magacaas ah. Sarau waa tuulada ugu weyn degmada; qiyaastii kala bar dadweynaha ayaa halkaas ku nool. == Taariikh == Laga soo bilaabo March 29, 1945 ilaa May 5, 1945 [[concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada]] ayaa la dhisay agagaarka Glasau. Waxay ahayd xero hoosaad u ah [[Neuengamme concentration camp|xeryaha fiirsashada Neuengamme]].<ref>Xerada waxaa loo qoray sida No. 466 Glasau bei Sarau, Kreis Segeberg, ee [http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html liiska rasmiga ah ee Jarmalka] {{Wayback|url=http://bundesrecht.juris.de/begdv_6/anlage_6.html |date=20060716014031 }} {{in lang|de}}</ref> == Sidoo kale fiiri == *[[List of subcamps of Neuengamme]] == Xusuusin == {{Reflist}} {{authority control}} kmwkh878r65cchc00o813a1944j0eu8