Wikipedia sswiki https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likhasi_Lelikhulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Tinkundla Lelibalulekile Khuluma Bantfu Khuluma nebantfu Wikipedia Khuluma ngeWikipedia Lifayela Khuluma ngelifayela MediaWiki Khuluma ngeMediaWiki iThempleti Khuluma ngethempleti Lusito Khuluma ngelusito Umkhakha Khuluma ngemkhakha TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3186 42573 36111 2026-06-20T00:16:45Z InternetArchiveBot 6884 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{geo}} '''iNamibiya ''' (en:''Republic of Namibia''; af: ''Republiek van Namibië''; ger: ''Republik Namibia''). Live we[[Í-Afríka|Afríka]]. == Mayelana Namibiya == * IRiphabliki. * Inhlokodolobha: [[Windhoek]]. * Linani leBantfu eWindhoek: 233.529 ([[2001]]). * Mengameli: [[Nahas Angula]]‎. * 825.418 Km². * Linani Bantfu 2.108.665 (2009). * 2.5 bantfu/km². * PIB: 13.771.000.000 USD ([[2009]]). * Likhodi Le-inthanethi: ".na'' == Kúfúna == * {{Commons|Category:Namibia|Commons:INamibiya }}. == Kúbópha == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121204101417/http://www.grnnet.gov.na/ iNamibiya iwebhusayithi]. [[Category:Namibiya| ]] hto4pvqeldoh9hwtujvlnmd4lq5wqyi 0 3876 42574 41382 2026-06-20T00:19:28Z InternetArchiveBot 6884 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42574 wikitext text/x-wiki I-HIV/AIDS [[ESwatini|Eswatini]] yacala kubikwa nga-1986 kepha kusukela lapho seyifinyelele ezingeni lelibhubhisako. Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 2016, i-Eswatini beyinelinani lesisetulu kakhulu le-HIV kubantfu labadzala labaneminyaka lengu-15 kuya ku-49 emhlabeni wonkhe (27.2%). Kubhebhetseka kwe-HIV/AIDS [[ESwatini|Eswatini]] kufake sandla kakhulu ekutseni kube nekufa lokusezingeni lelisetulu emkhatsini wemacembu ebantfu ladzala labamaSwati. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, lesifo kanye nalabo labaphendvulako sabangela tingucuko letinkhulu temasiko lahlobene nemikhuba yendzawo kanye nemibono yekufa, kanye nekugula, kanye nekukhuliswa kwemshuwalensi wekuphila kanye nemakethe yetinsita temngcwabo kanye netinhlangano letingekho ngaphasi kwahulumende letihlobene netemphilo. Kute kusitwe i-[[ESwatini|Eswatini]] kanye nalamanye emave mhlabawonkhe ekulweni ne-HIV ne-AIDS, i-Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) yasungula tinhloso tekuhlola kanye nekwelashwa letingu-95-95-95. Imetamo yendzawo neyavelonkhe isebente kufinyelela kuletimigomo letintsatfu letilandzelako nga-2020: 90% webantfu labaphila ne-HIV batawubona simo sabo se-HIV; 90% walabo labatfole i-HIV batawuhlala batfola kwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral (ART); kantsi 90% wabo bonkhe bantfu labemukela i-ART batawuba nekucindzetelwa kweligciwane.<ref name=":0">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2014). ''[http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/95-95-95_en.pdf 90-90-90: An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic]''</ref> Nanobe [[ESwatini|Eswatini]] icishe yafinyelela kuhlolwa kanye nekwelashwa kwetinhloso temodeli ye-90-90-90, labanye bantfu betfwale umtfwalo lomkhulu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1"/> Luhlelo Lwekwelashwa Lwekusita Nge-AIDS (PEPFAR) lwaMengameli wase-US lukhombe bantfu labamcoka labasengotini yekungenwa yi-HIV, ngenca yetinkinga tekubhebhetseka kwaleligciwane, tekuphila, kanye netemvelo kanye naletinye tizatfu tekuphila.<ref name=":1" /> Ikakhulukati, i-PEPFAR ivete bantfu labatsatfu labamcoka e-Eswatini laba balulekile ekuvimbeleni i-HIV/AIDS kanye netinhlelo tekwelashwa: emantfombatana laseminyakeni yekutfomba kanye nebafati labasebancane (laba neminyaka leyimfica kuya ku-29), emadvodza laneminyaka lengu-15 kuya ku-39, kanye nebantfwana labatintsandzane nalabasengotini (OVC). I-PEPFAR iphindze yatfola bantfu labatsatfu labamcoka: emadvodza lalala nemadvodza (MSM), labasikati labasebenta ngetemacansi (FSW), kanye nebantfu labashintjashintja bulili. == Kutfolakala kwe-HIV/AIDS == [[File:Prevalence_of_HIV,_total_of_population_ages_15-49.pdf|thumb|Kubhebhetseka kwe-HIV, iminyaka lengu-15 kuya ku-49. Umtfombo: Ibhange Lemhlaba]] I-HIV/AIDS isolo ingulenye yetinkinga letinkhulu ekutfutfukisweni kwemnotfo wase-Eswatini. Ngemnyaka wa 2010, Litiko Letisebenti neNhlalakahle Yato yalinganisela kutsi emaphesenti langu-43 ebantfu "bebasebenti labangasebenti" bafundzi, lasebakhulile, labagulako, labakhubatekile, bantfu "labete [[IMali|imali]]" nobe "labanakekela" loko "labakudzingako" futsi labangasiyo incenye yemisebenti lesemtsetfweni.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=58}}</ref> Kuhlolwa njalo kwemitfolamphilo yangaphambi kwekubeleka kulelive ikhombise kwenyuka lokuchubekako kwekusakateka kwe-HIV kubomake labakhulelwe labaya kulemitfolamlilo. Kuhlolwa kwamuva kwebantfu labasikati labatawubeleka kwabika kutsi bekunebantfu labangu-42.6% nga-2004. Kubhebhetseka kwa 28% kwatfolakala kubomake labasebancane labaneminyaka lengu-15-19. Kubomake labaneminyaka lengu-25 budzala, kubhebhetseka bekungu-56%. I-Human Development Index levela ku-UN Development Programme ibika kutsi ngenca ye-HIV/AIDS, sikhatsi sekuphila e-Eswatini sehla sisuka eminyakeni lengu-61 nga-2000, siye eminyakeni lengu-32 nga-2009. Ngakulelinye luhlangotsi, imininingwane yekugcina ye-World Health Organization (WHO) (2002) ikhombisa kutsi 64% wabo bonkhe labafile kulelive babangelwe yi-HIV/AIDS. Ngemnyaka wa 2009, bantfu labalinganiselwa ku 7,000 bafa ngenca yetimbangela letihlobene ne-AIDS. Kubantfu labacishe babe ngu-1 185 000 loku kusho kutsi i-HIV/AIDS ibulala bantfu labamaSwati labalinganiselwa ku-0.6% njalo ngemnyaka.<ref>World Population Prospects: 2008 Revision. United Nations. http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf. Accessed October 6, 2011</ref> Tifo letingapheli letibangela kufa kakhulu emaveni latfutfukile emhlabani tibangela incenye lencane yekufa Eswatini; sibonelo nje, sifo senhlitiyo, kushaywa stroke, kanye namdlavuza kubangela ingcikitsi lengaphansi kwa-5% yekufa Eswatini, uma kucatsaniswa na-55% wabo bonkhe labafa njalo ngemnyaka e-US.<ref>Causes of death in US, 2006. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr57/nvsr57_14.pdf. Accessed November 22, 2009.</ref> Luhlelo Lwekutfutfukiswa Kwemave Emhlaba lubhale kutsi uma kusakateka kwalolubhubhane kulelive kuchubeka kungapheli, "kuphila kwesikhatsi lesidze kwe-Eswatini njengelive kutawusongelwa kakhulu". == Umlandvo == Kubikwa kwekucala kweligciwane le-HIV e-Eswatini kwenteka nga-1986 ephephandzabeni i-Times of Swaziland. Kusabalala kwe-HIV kulo lonkhe las[[Umbuso weSwatini|e-Eswatini]] ngemnyaka wa-1980 na-1990 kwahambisana nekukhula kwebasebenti labasuka Eswatini baya etimayini taseNingizimu Afrika. Bacwaningi, bososayensi betemphilo kanye netemphilo yemphakatsi, kanye nebasunguli betincumo bonkhe bacela hulumende kutsi atsatse tinyatselo kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yabo-1980; Litiko Letemphilo lasungula Luhlelo LweSwaziland lwe-AIDS (SNAP) nga-1987. Vusi Matsebula kanye na Thulasizwe Hannie Dlamini babhalisa licembu labo le-Emahlahlandlela lelisekela i-AIDS, lekucala kulelive, njenge-SASO, i-Swaziland AIDS Support Organisation, nga-1994. Ngemnyaka lowendlulile, Hannie Dlamini washo embikwebantfu kutsi une-HIV, umuntfu wekucala lowenta njalo kulelive. Tifundziswa tebesifazane baseSwatini Mamane Nxumalo kanye na Phumelele Thwala babangulabanye bekucala lababhala ngekugceka nge HIV/AIDS eSwaziland, bakhuluma ngekutsi tindlela tekungalingani ngekwebulili tidlale njani indzima ekusakatekeni kwalesifo, futsi "ngesikhatsi i-SASO ivula lihhovisi layo lekucala [[Embabane|eMbabane]] nga-1998, lizinga lalelive labalinganiselwa ku-5.5%".<ref>{{Cite book|edition=39}}</ref> Ekugcineni, [[Mswati III|iNkhosi Mswati III yase-Eswatini]] yamemetela kutsi i-HIV/AIDS iyinhlekelele yesive Eswatini ngaFebruary 1999.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=599–609}}</ref><ref>[http://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/aids-in-swaziland/ "AIDS in Swaziland", Radio Netherlands Archives, July 10, 2000]</ref> Ngemnyaka wa 1999, "bekune bantfwana labatintsandzane nalabasengotini [OVC] labalinganiselwa ku-112 000, cishe incenye yemaphesenthi langu 40 yabo bonkhe bantfwana kulelive; Litiko Letemfundvo labika kutsi balahlekelwa bothishela labane ngeliviki ngenca yekugula lokuhlobene ne-AIDS, futsi banikati bemabhizinisi besaba kulahlekelwa kusitwa nge kwetimali bantfu bakulamanye emave ngenca yekwehla kwemkhicito kubasebenti labagulako. Litiko Letemphilo Nekwenhlalakahle kwebantfu alizange likhone kukhokhela ngalokuphelele kwelashwa kwemphakatsi. Ngisho nangemuva kwekusebentelana ne-Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) kanye nema-NGO endzawo, bonkhe behluleka".<ref>{{Cite book|edition=39}}</ref> == Umlandvo wemasiko == Etindzaweni, kunemikhuba leminyenti yemasiko emdzabu lekhutsata kutibamba kanye nemfundvo lehlukaniswe ngekwebulili kanye nemfundvo yetenhlalakahle yebantfu labasha, kugwema kutsintsana ngekwebulili kwebantfu labatsandzanako ngaphambi kwemshado, kanye nekubalekela kutiphatsa lokubi emphakatsini (njengekukhombisa kuvukela kwebantfu).<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=844–858}}</ref> Ngalokunye, labanye labasekela tintfo letibitwa ngekutsi 'lisiko lemaswati' abayikhutsati imikhuba lephephile yetemacansi, njengekusetjentiswa kwelijazi lemkhwenyane kanye nebudlelwane bemuntfu munye. Ambalwa emadvodza lamuhla lasebentisa indlela yesintfu yekutsatsa sitsembu. Kuhlukunyetwa ngekwelicansi kuyintfo leyetayelekile, lapho 18% webafundzi besikolwa lesiphakeme batsi bebaphocelelekile kutsi bahlangane kwekucala ngekwelicasi. == Imphendvulo yavelonkhe == Ngemnyaka wa-2003, i-National Emergency Response Committee on HIV/AIDS (NERCHA) yasungulwa kute ihlele iphindze yente kube lula kuphendvula kwe-HIV/AIDS, ngesikhatsi Litiko Letemphilo neNhlalakahle (MOHSW) belitawakwenta lemisebenti. Luhlelo lwekucala lwe-HIV/AIDS lwavelonkhe lwahlanganisa sikhatsi semnyaka wa-2000-2005; luhlelo lolusha lwe-HIV / AIDS kanye neluhlelo lwekuvikela i-HIV /AIDS lavelonkhe lwanga-2006-2008, lisasungulwa licembu lelikhulu lebantfu labatsintsekako kuvelonkhe. Kuze kube ngunyalo, tindzawo letisitfupha letibalulekile taloluhlelo kuvimbela, kunakekela kanye nekwesekela, kunciphisa umtselela, kuchumana, kugadza kanye nekuhlola, kanye nekuphatsa/kuchumana. Ngisho nobe lesimo sekusakateka kwalomkhuhlane Eswatini, i-HIV/AIDS isolo ihlukumeteka kakhulu. Bantfu labambalwa labaphila ne-HIV/AIDS, ikakhulukati bantfu labatiwako labafana nebaholi benkholo kanye nemasiko kanye nebantfu betindzaba/emidlalo, labake bavela embikwebantfu futsi baveta simo sabo. Kuhlukunyetwa kuvimbela kuhamba kwelwati emiphakatsini, kuvimbela imitamo yekuvimbela, kanye nekunciphisa kusetjentiswa kwetinsita. Ngenyanga yeNhlaba 4, 2009, i-US kanye ne-Swaziland yasayina "Swazilandi Partnership Framework on HIV and AIDS for 2009−2014". Luhlelo Lwekuphutfuma lwaMengameli Lwekusita nge-AIDS (PEPFAR) lutawuhlanganyela ekusetjentisweni kwe-Eswatini's multi-sector "National Strategic Framework on HIV/AIDS". Loluhlelo lwaphindze lwasetjentiswa nge-NSF lensha (National Strategic Framework) yanga-2014-2018. Imetamo leyehlukahlukene yemphakatsi isetjentisiwe ngenca yaloluhlelo, lokufaka ekhatsi kusetjentiswa kwekuhlanganiswa kwebantfu. Sibonelo saloku, kwakhiwa kwetakhiwo letintsatfu tetigodzi kanye netemiphakatsi, kufaka ekhatsi i-Nhlangano AIDS Training Information and Counseling Center eSifundzeni sase Shiselweni. Imitsetfo yekwelashwa kwe-ART ya-2015 levela Etikweni Letemphilo "imemetela kutsi ngemuva kwekuhlola, tigulane tiniketwa lwati lwe-HIV ngemagama lalula kute kucaciswe imibono lengasilo liciniso kanye netinganekwane. Baphindze batjelwe ngekudla lokunemphilo, lokunciphisa bungoti, nekutsi balutfole kuphi lwati lolwengetiwe nge-HIV. Uma batfolakele ba-positive, bayacinisekiswa kutsi bangaphila imphilo lendze lenemphilo. Ema-ARVs anikwa ngekushesha etigulaneni leti-seropositive: letinemibalo ye-CD4 lengu-350 nobe ngaphansi; letineminyaka lengetulu kwemashumi lasihlanu nobe ngaphasi kweminyaka lesihlanu; letikhulelwe; letinesifo se-tuberculosis; futsi/nobe letinemlingani lonesifo se-"serodiscordant", lokusho kutsi umlingani lonesifo se-HIV. Tifo letitsatsa ematfuba tilashwa ngaphambi kwe-ART. "<ref>{{Cite book|edition=58}}</ref> == Umehluko lohlobene ne-HIV/AIDS == Nanobe kuphendvula kwe-[[Eswatini]] ku-HIV ne-AIDS kutfole imiphumela lemihle, kusakateka kwe-HIV/AIDS kuchubeka kukhule kantsi kufinyelela etinhlelweni tekutivikela kuyo kuchubeka kwehla kubantfu basemaphandleni nakucatsaniswa nebantfu basemadolobheni, kanye nakubantfu labaphuyile kutemnotfo nakucatsanisiwa nebantfu labanenzuzo kutemnotfweni.<ref name=":1"/> === Bantfu basemaphandleni nalabasemadolobheni === I-United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) yalinganisela kutsi, kusukela nga-2009 kuya ku-2013, 70% webesifazane basemadolobheni labaneminyaka lengu-15 kuya ku-24 budzala bebanelwati loluphelele lwe-HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2">UNICEF (Ed.). (2014). ''Reimagine the future: innovation for every child''. New York, NY: UNICEF.</ref> Emaphesenti langemashumi lasihlanu nesihlanu ebantfu labasikati kuphela basemaphandleni labasesigabeni lesilinganako kusukela nga-2009 kuya ku-2013 lebebatfola lwati loluhlobene ne-HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2" /> Noma kunjalo, ngenca yebukhulu lobuncane belive, cishe tonkhe takhamuti tihlanganiswe ngemindeni kanye netinhlelo tekuchumana futsi tivame kuhamba emkhatsini wemadolobha kanye netindzawo tasemakhaya. === Bantfu labaphuyile ngekwetemnotfo nalabo labanjingile ngekwetemnotfo === Kwatiswa kwasukela nga-2009 kuya ku-2013 kwembula kutsi, kulabaphuyile labangu-20% labasikati labaneminyaka lengu-15 kuya ku-24 Eswatini, labangu-49% bebanelwati loluphelele lwe-HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2">UNICEF (Ed.). (2014). ''Reimagine the future: innovation for every child''. New York, NY: UNICEF.</ref> Uma kucatsaniswa, 72% webantfu labasikati labanjingile labangu 20% labavela ecenjini lelifanako bebanelwati loluphelele lwe-HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":2" /> Umehluko lobonakalako emkhatsini webantfu labadvuna labanjingile nalabaphuyile uma ucatsaniswa nemehluko welwati loluphelele lwe-HIV/AIDS emkhatsini webantfu labasikati labanjingile nalabaphuyile kusukela nga-2009 kuya ku-2013: 44% webantfu labaphuyile labangu-20% uma kucatsaniswa na-64% webantfu labangu-20% labanjingile labadvuna baseSwatini labaneminyaka lengu-15 kuya ku-24 bebanelwati loluphelele nge-HIV/HIV.<ref name=":2">UNICEF (Ed.). (2014). ''Reimagine the future: innovation for every child''. New York, NY: UNICEF.</ref> == Emadvodza laneminyaka lengu-15 kuya ku-39 budzala == Kusetjentiswa kwekuhlola kwe-HIV kanye netinsita tekwelashwa kwanyalo kusasephansi emadvodzeni nakucatsaniswa nabomake.<ref name=":3">UNAIDS. (2018). ''UNAIDS Data 2018'' (UNAIDS Data). Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/unaids-data-2018_en.pdf</nowiki></ref> Ngetulu kwaloko, ngekusho kwe-Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) nga-2018, emadvodza aseSwatini achubeka nekungasebentisi kahle kuhlolwa kanye nekusita umlayeto webalingani njengendlela yekuvikela kudluliswa kwe-HIV.<ref name=":3" /> "Test and Start" luhlelo lwekwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral (ART) lolunconywe yi-World Health Organization (WHO).<ref name=":4" /> Ngaphansi kwaloluhlelo, bantfu labatfolakale bane-HIV bacala i-ART ngekushesha ngemuva kwekutfolwa, kungakhatsaleki kutsi lesifo sichubeke kangakanani.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|journal=78–83}}</ref> Luhlolo lolungakahlelwa nalolulawulwako lwe-Test and Start lukhombise kusebenta kahle tinhlelweni tekunciphisa lizinga le-HIV.<ref name=":4" /> Nomakunjalo, lucwaningo lwekubona Kucondza kwemadvodza-lamaswati kwe-Test and Start lutfole kutsi emadvodza lamanyenti ehlulekile kufuna tinsita tekuhlola i-HIV ngenca yekwesaba imiphumela yekutfolakala unaleligciwane, kukanye kanye nekubona simo se-HIV-lesi positive njengesigwebo sekufa.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|journal=295–303}}</ref> Lolucwaningo luphindze lwaveta kwesaba kwebantfu ngemiphumela lebuhlungu ye-ART njengentfo lengavimbela kucala kanye nekulandzela luhlelo lwe-Test and Start.<ref name=":5" /> Ngetulu kwaloko, emadvodza bekangaciniseki ngekusimama kwetimali kwahulumende waseSwatini, bakhomba kungabata ngelikhono lahulumende lekuniketa tintfo letitfolakalako te-ART njengesizatfu sekungafuni kucala kwelashwa.<ref name=":5" /> Babhali balolucwaningo bancoma kungenelela lokubuke kakhulu kuhlolwa kwe-HIV kanye nekwelashwa, kufaka ekhatsi teluleko leticondzile kanye nemfundvo lecatulula kukhatsateka ngekusungula i-ART, imiphumela yetenhlalakahle yekutfola tinsita te-ART, kanye nelikhono lahulumende waseSwazi lekucatulula tinkinga letihlobene ne-HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":5" /> == Bantfu labakhishwe inyumbazane, labanganakwa, kanye nalabasengotini == Kungenelela lokusebentela kusita bantfu baseSwatini, njengemikhankaso kanye netinhlelo letigcugcutela kusoka kwebantfu labadvuna ngekutitsandzela, kukhutsata kwelashwa lokukhulu kanye nekulandzela, kanye nekuniketa teluleko tekunciphisa bungoti, kufake sandla ekunciphiseni lokukhulu kwe-HIV kanye nasetindzabeni tekutfola.<ref name=":6"/> Nanobe kunjalo, lokungenelela kwebantfu labavamile kungenteka kungaphumeleli kubantfu labakhishwe inyumbazane lababhekene nekuhlukunyetwa lokukhulu kunalokuvamile, kufaka ekhatsi labasebentisi betemacansi labasikati (FSW), labadvuna labadlala nemadvodza (MSM), kanye nebantfu labashintja bulili.<ref name=":1">U.S. [[President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief]]. (2018). ''[https://www.pepfar.gov/documents/organization/285864.pdf Swaziland Country Operational Plan (COP) 2018 Strategic Direction Summary]''.</ref> Labanye bantfu, njengebantfwana labaphila ne-HIV kanye nebantfwana labatintsandzane nalabasengotini (OVC), bashiywa basengotini ngenca yelubhubhane lwe-HIV/AIDS kanye nemandla emphakatsi. === Besifazane labatsengisa ngemtimba (FSW) === Ngisho nasendzabeni yekubhebhetseka kwe-HIV [[Umbuso weSwatini|e-Eswatini]], lapho khona kubhebhetseka nge-HIV kukhulu kubomake kunalamadvodza, batsengisi bemtimba (FSW) Eswatini tinemtfwalo lomkhulu kakhulu.<ref name=":6"/> Linani lebantfu be-FSW alidadishwa kahle futsi alihlangani kahle, lokwenta kutsi kube nekungachazeki ekuvimbeleni i-HIV, kwelashwa, kanye netidzingo tekunakekelwa kwe-FSW, kanye nekuniketwa lokuncane kanye nekutsatfwa kwemitfombo lelusito yetemphilo. Lokutsatsa lokuncane kubangelwe kwesaba kuphumela ebaleni mayelana nekwenta umsebenti wekutsengisa ngemtimba.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|journal=44–50}}</ref> Umsebenti wekutsengisa ngemtimba Eswatini awukho emtsetfweni. Ngenca yekubekwa licala kwemsebenti wekutsengisa ngemtimba, kulukhuni kakhulu kufinyelela kubantfu labasikati nalabadvuna labasebenta ngalomsebenti.<ref name=":7" /> I-World Health Organization (WHO) yalinganisela kutsi kusakateka kwe-HIV emkhatsini walabatsengisa ngemtimba (besifazane nalabadvuna) kungu-61%.<ref name=":13">World Health Organization. (2017). ''Swaziland'' (HIV Country Profile 2016). Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.who.int/hiv/data/Country_profile_Swaziland.pdf</nowiki></ref> Lucwalingo lwe-FSW lwalabangu-328 Eswatini, lolwentiwe emkhatsini wenyanga yeNgci 2011 kuya enyangeni yeMphala 2011, lutfole kutsi lokungaba ngu-75% we-FSW labaphila ne-HIV labahlanganyela kulolucwalingo bebasati simo sabo.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|journal=e115465}}</ref> Noma kunjalo, bangu-40% kuphela walabafati lababike kutsi bayelashwa.<ref name=":6" /> Ngekwengeta kuletinombolo, lolucwaningo lutfole kutsi i-FSW lene-HIV lebeyati simo sayo, nayicatsaniswa ne-FSW ye-HIV-lete leligciwane, beyingeke igcoke ema-condom.<ref name=":6" /> Ngekwengeta, i-FSW lebeyikulolu cwaningo inelwati loluncane ngetindlela tekuya ecansini letiphephile, futsi ngu labatsatfu kuphela lebebati kutsi kuya ecansini nge-anal kunengoti lenkhulu yekudlulisa i-HIV.<ref name=":6" /> Nanobe labangu-86% welolucwaningo babika kutsi batfole lwati lwekuvikela i-HIV etinyangeni letingu-12 letendlulile, cishe ihhafu yebantfu balolucwaningo babika kutsi batfole tinhlelo tekuvimbela i-HIV letitsite kubatsengisa ngemtimba.<ref name=":6" /> Incenye lenkhulu (73%) yalabo labatsintsekako kulolucwaningo babika kutsi bahlangabetane netehlakalo tekuhlukunyetwa.<ref name=":6" /> Ngetulu kwaloko, lomcondvo wekuhlukunyetwa ubonakala emazingeni laphansi ekuvetwa kwemsebenti wabo welicansi emalungeni emindeni kanye netisebenti tetemphilo.<ref name=":6" /> Kute kucatululwe kungasebenti kahle kweluhlelo lwekuvikela i-HIV/AIDS kanye nelwelashwa lwe-FSW, letinye tifundvo tihlolisise tindlela letingaba khona tekungenelela. Sibonelo, lucwaningo lutfole kutsi emazinga lasetulu ekuhlangana kwebantfu kanye nekuhlanganyela kwebantfu emkhatsini we-FSW [[ESwatini|Eswatini]] bekuhlobene kahle nekutiphatsa lokuvikelako, njengekusebentisa ema-condom, kuhlolwa kwe-HIV emnyakeni lowendlulile, kanye nekuhlangana nalabanye batsengisi bemtimba emihlanganweni netinkhulumo letihlobene ne-HIV.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|journal=e87527}}</ref> Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, lucwaningo lolufanako lutfole emazinga lasetulu ekuhlangana kwebantfu kanye nekuhlanganyela kwebantfu kutsi kuhlobene netintfo letiyingoti letihlobene ne-HIV, njengekubandlulula kwebantfu ngekwemtimba, ngekwelicansi, kanye nebudlova bemivelo.<ref name=":8" /> === Emadvodza lalala nemadvodza (MSM) === Kutfolakala kwe-HIV emadvodzeni lalala nemadvodza (MSM) laneminyaka lengu-16 kuya ku-44 budzala ngu-17.7% [[Eswatini]], kantsi kutfolakala kwe-AIDS kukhula ngekuhamba kweminyaka kulelicembu.<ref name=":1"/> I-MSM imele bantfu labanganakwa: linani le-HIV/AIDS ye-MSM ayicondzakali ngebantfu base-Swatini, futsi hulumende wase-[[ESwatini|Eswatini]] usandza kucondzisa imali yemphakatsi etinhlelweni letihloselwe kucatulula lesifo emkhatsini we-MSM.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|journal=315–320}}</ref> I-MSM ibhekene nebugebengu, kuhlukumeteka, kanye nekubandlululwa uma itfola tinsita te-HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":9" /> Nanobe kute imitsetfo [[ESwatini|Eswatini]] levimbela bunkonkoni, tento tebantfu bebulili lobufanako tingamangalelwa njengentfo lengcolile ngaphasi kwemtsetfo lowetayelekile, futsi letento titsatfwa njengentfo lesemtsetfweni ngaphasi kweMtsetfo weSodomy.<ref name=":10">The Foundation for AIDS Research. (2013). ''Country Profile: Swaziland'' (Achieving an AIDS-Free Generation for Gay Men and Other MSM in Southern Africa). Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20220130070637/https://www.amfar.org/uploadedFiles/_amfarorg/Articles/Around_The_World/GMT/2013/MSM%20Country%20Profiles%20Swaziland%20092613.pdf</ref> Bantfu labangetulu kwencenye yesitsatfu ye-MSM e-Eswatini babika kutsi bahlushwe ngenca yekutiphatsa kwabo ngekwelicansi, njengobe kutfolwe ekuhloleni lokushicilelwe yi-U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Research to Prevention program.<ref name=":11">U.S. Agency for International Development. (2013). ''HIV among Female Sex Workers and Men Who Have Sex with Men in Swaziland: A combined report of quantitative and qualitative studies''. Retrieved from https://www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/research-to-prevention/publications/Swazi-integrated-report-final.pdf</ref> Incenye yinye kuletisihlanu yalabo labaphendvula kulolucwaningo nabo bakholelwa kutsi batfole kunakekelwa kwelashwa lokusezingeni leliphansi ngenca yekucondziswa kwabo. I-MSM iphindze yabika kutsi ihlangabetene nalamanye emalungelo laphatselene nemikhuba yabo yetemacansi, njengekungabanaki, budlova lobucondziswa ngemaphoyisa, kanye nekuhlukunyetwa ngemlomo kanye/nobe ngekwenyama.<ref name=":11" /> Letintfo letivimbela kufinyelela tihlobene nemazinga laphansi elwati loluhlobene ne-HIV/AIDS, imfundvo, kanye netinsita tekuchumana letitfolwa yi-MSM, uma kucatsaniswa nalabanye bantfu labadzala labasebudzaleni beminyaka, lokwenta lwati loluncane lwetingoti letihlobene ne-HIV / AIDS letihambisana nemikhuba yebantfu bebulili lobufanako.<ref name=":9"/><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|journal=18768}}</ref> Sibonelo saloku, ekuhloleni kwe-Swatini lwe MSM lwebantfu labangu-324, labatsintsekako kungenteka batfole lwati mayelana nekutfolakala kwe-HIV ngekuya ngekwelicansi nalabasikati, kunekutsi batfole lwanga ngesikhatsi balala nalabanye labadvuna.<ref name=":12" /> Kutfolakala lokuncane kwelwati lwe-HIV/AIDS lolubalulekile lwe-MSM kungenta kutsi kungabi nekunganaki mayelana nekudluliswa kwe-HIV kwebantfu bebulili lobufanako.<ref name=":12" /> Emkhatsini walolucwaningo, bekunemazinga laphansi ekusetjentiswa kwe-condom kubantfu labadvuna nalabasikati labadvuna nalabadvuna nalabalala nabo, kugcizelela sidzingo selwati lolutsite mayelana nekutfola kanye nekudlulisa i-HIV yebantfu bebulili lobufanako.<ref name=":12" /> Cishe ihhafu kuphela yalabo labaphendvula bakhombisa kukhatsateka nge-HIV.<ref name=":12" /> Ngetulu kwaloko, yinye kuphela yesine yemadvodza laphila nge-HIV lafaka sandla kulolucwaningo labati kutsi anesifo se-HIV.<ref name=":12" /> Kuniketwa kwetinsita tetemphilo te-MSM kanye nelucwaningo lwe-HIV/AIDS emkhatsini we-MSM kugcile kakhulu etifundzeni letisemadolobheni. Nanobe simo se-HIV/AIDS sibikiwe kutsi sitfutfuka ku-MSM etindzaweni letisemadolobheni ase-Eswatini, lesimo siba sibi kakhulu etindzaweni tasemakhaya, lapho khona kuhlukumeteka lokukhulu lokuhambisana nemikhuba yebantfu bebulili lobufanako kuchubeka.<ref name=":10"/><ref>{{Cite journal|journal=70–76}}</ref> [[File:Swaziland_-_Lubombo.svg|thumb|207x207px|Sifundza sase Lubonjeni e-Eswatini]] === Bantfwana labaphila ne-HIV kanye nebantfwana labatintsandzane nalabasengotini (OVC) === Kulinganiselwa kutsi kunebantfwana labangu-15 000 labaneminyaka lengu-0 kuya ku-14 labaphila ne-HIV.<ref name=":13">World Health Organization. (2017). ''Swaziland'' (HIV Country Profile 2016). Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.who.int/hiv/data/Country_profile_Swaziland.pdf</nowiki></ref> Ngenca yekutsi kwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral (ART) kubantfu labadzala bekungu-80% nga-2016, kucatjangwa kutsi kwelashwa nge-ART kubantfwana bekungaphansi kakhulu, nga-64%.<ref name=":13" /> Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 2016, kunakekelwa kwebantfwana kukhule kwafika ku 75%, ngekusho kwe Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).<ref name=":3">UNAIDS. (2018). ''UNAIDS Data 2018'' (UNAIDS Data). Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/unaids-data-2018_en.pdf</nowiki></ref> Kukhula kwelizinga lekufa ngenca yekusakateka kwe-HIV kanye ne-AIDS e-Eswatini kuphindze kwafaka sandla ekukhuleni kwelinani letintsandzane kanye nebantfwana labasengotini (OVC) kanye nemindeni lenetinhloko tebantfwana. Loku kwashintja ngemnyaka wa 2019 kwentela kusekelwa nguhulumende ngetimali.<ref name=":3">UNAIDS. (2018). ''UNAIDS Data 2018'' (UNAIDS Data). Retrieved from <nowiki>http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/unaids-data-2018_en.pdf</nowiki></ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite journal|journal=150–158}}</ref> I-OVC, nayicatsaniswa nebontsanga yayo, isengotini lenkhulu yekubhekana nemiphumela lemibi, njengekulahlekelwa yimfundvo yayo, kungatfolakali kwekudla, kungondleki kahle, kanye nekugula.<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite journal|journal=193–197}}</ref> I-United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) yalinganisela ngemnyaka wa-2013 kutsi cishe 70% wetintsandzane taseSwazi talahlekelwa batali babo ngenca ye-AIDS.<ref name=":2">UNICEF (Ed.). (2014). ''Reimagine the future: innovation for every child''. New York, NY: UNICEF.</ref> Emkhatsini wetigodzi letine tase-Eswatini, linani lelisetulu le-OVC litfolakala eLubombo (35.9%).<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|journal=5994–6006–6006}}</ref> Loku kulandzelwa ngu-35.5% eShiselweni, 33.2% eManzini, na-21.6% eHhohho.<ref name=":17" /> [[File:Swaziland_-_Shiselweni.svg|thumb|207x207px|Sifundza sase Shiselweni Eswatini]] Luhlelo lolwasekelwa yi-United States Agency for International Development (USAID) lwakhelwa kuniketa emandla kutemnotfo kubantfu labasikati labanakekela i-OVC etindzaweni tasemakhaya e-Eswatini.<ref name=":14">{{Cite journal|journal=355–363}}</ref> Loluhlelo lukhombise kutsi lunemtselela lomuhle ekuvikeleni bantfwana, enhlalakahleni, kanye nasemphilweni.<ref name=":14" /> Bafati lababhalisile kulokungenelela bahlanganyela emisebentini lehlobene nekunakekela kanye nekusekela i-OVC kanye nekuvikela i-HIV, kanye nemisebenti lebukene nekonga kanye netimiso tekubolekisa, kugcina emacembu, kusungulwa kanye nekusekelwa kwemabhizinisi lamancane, kumaketha, kanye nekutfola imali.<ref name=":14" /> Lokungenelela kwasita banakekeli besifazane be-OVC ekwakheni emabhizinisi lamancane lakhokha imali, ngesikhatsi kwakhiwa indzawo lapho labomake bangafundza futsi bacocisane ngekuhlangabetana netidzingo tetemphilo, tekuya ecansini kanye netekubeleka, tekusebenta kwengcondvo, kanye netemfundvo te-OVC yabo.<ref name=":14" /> Ngalokuvamile, hulumende waseSwatini uphumelele ekutfutfukiseni lizinga lekuya esikolweni ngesikhatsi lesifanako aniketa lusito lwetemnotfo ku-OVC ngaphandle kwesikolwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=305–313}}</ref> Nomakunjalo, lucwaningo loluhlola budlelwane emkhatsini wetimphawu temndeni kanye nesimo sekufundza se-OVC e-Eswatini lutfole kutsi bantfu labangasiwo ema-OVC banematfuba lamanyenti kunalawo e-OVC kutsi baye esikolweni.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|journal=1069–1078}}</ref> Lucwalingo lolufanako lutfole kutsi ema-OVC lavela emakhaya laphuyile ngekwetemnotfo kanye nema-OVC lahlala etindzaweni letisemadolobheni bekungeke kwenteke kutsi aye esikolweni.<ref name=":15" /> [[File:Swaziland_-_Manzini.svg|thumb|204x204px|Sifundza saka Manzini Eswatini]] == Labanye bantfu labane-HIV/AIDS == === Tisebenti tetemphilo === Kubhebhetseka kwe-HIV Eswatini akuzange kushiyele ngaphandle tisebenti tetemphilo, lapho khona kusetjentiswa kwetinsita te-HIV/AIDS kuphansi.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|journal=60}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|journal=13}}</ref> Kwesaba kuhlukumeteka lokuhlobene ne-HIV kuvamile kumalunga etisebenti temphilo.<ref name=":02" /> Loluhlelo lusebenta njengentfo levimbela tisebenti tetemphilo kutsi titfole futsi tisebentise tinsita tekunakekelwa kwe-HIV/AIDS kanye netekutivikela emsebentini wato kanye naletinye tindzawo. Ngalokukhetsekile, basebenti bakhulume ngekwesaba kuhlukumeteka kwebantfu labagulako kanye nebalingani babo, kanye nekwesaba kwephula imfihlo, njengetizatfu tekutsatsa sincumo sekungafinyeleli ekuhlolweni kwe-HIV nobe kunakekelwa.<ref name=":02" /> Kutihlazisa kwebasebenti betemphilo kukhula kakhulu.<ref name=":02" /> Batitibona njengalabatehluleki futsi labanelwati lolunyenti kunebantfu labavamile labangenwa yi-HIV, lokwenta kutsi kube nesidzingo sekuba bete i-HIV.<ref name=":02" /> Tisebenti letinyenti tetemphilo letine-HIV tiva tiphelelwe ngemandla kanye nekudvumateka emsebentini, njengoba titfole sifo labaceceshelwe kutsi basigweme futsi bativikele kuso.<ref name=":02" /> [[File:Hhohho_in_Swaziland.svg|thumb|201x201px|Sifundza saka Hhohho Eswatini]] Umkhakha wetemphilo Eswatini ubhekene nekushoda kwetisebenti tetemphilo, futsi netisebenti tetemphilo letinyenti tikhatsateke ngesidzingo sekunakekelwa.<ref name=":16"/> Lokuncishiswa kwetisebenti tetemphilo kubangelwe yi-HIV/AIDS.<ref name=":02"/><ref name=":16" /> Ecinisweni, kubhebhetseka kwe-HIV etisebentini temphilo kulinganiselwa kutsi kulingana naloko lokwenteka emkhatsini webantfu baseSwatini.<ref name=":02" /> Kutigcek anekutihlupha ngenca ye-HIV/AIDS kwetisebenti tetemphilo kuvimbela tisebenti tetemphilo kutsi tingatfoli kunakekelwa lokudzingekako, lokungafaka sandla ekufeni lokuhlobene ne-HIV kanye nekungabikho kwebanakekeli betemphilo.<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":02" /> == Kungalondvolotwa kwekudla kanye ne-HIV/AIDS == Kusukela ekucaleni kweminyaka yabo 1990, live lase Eswatini belikadze litsembele ekusitweni kwekudla lokuvela kulamanye emave kwentela kondla bantfu bayo.<ref name=":21">Frayne, B. et al. (2010). The State of Urban Food Insecurity in Southern Africa (rep., pp. 1-54). Kingston, ON and Cape Town: African Food Security Urban Network. Urban Food Security Series No. 2.</ref> Ngetulu kwaloko, hulumende waseSwatini wamemetela inhlekelele yesomiso seNdlovana 2016, eminyakeni lelishumi nesikhombisa ngemuva kwekumenyetelwa kwe HIV/AIDS njengenhlekelele yavelonkhe.<ref name=":19">Ministry of Health. (2016). ''Swaziland Comprehensive Drought Health and Nutrition Assessment Report''. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/wfp283963.pdf</nowiki></ref> Kweswelakala kwekudla lokwabangelwa simo selitulu i-El Niño kwashiya bantfu labangetulu kwa-300,000 bangaphephile etindzabeni tekudla.<ref name=":19" /> ENingizimu ye-Afrika, kwesweleka kwekudla akuzange kugcine ngekuhlobana nekukhula kwelizinga lekutfola i-HIV, kepha kuphindze kube nebulukhuni bekuhlala baphilile kubantfu labaphila ne-HIV.<ref name=":20">{{Cite journal|journal=79}}</ref> Ikakhulukati, eningizimu ye-Afrika, kungatfolakali kwekudla kuhlotjaniswa nekutiphatsa ngekwelicansi lokusezingeni lelisetulu kwebantfu labasikati, kufaka ekhatsi imikhuba lefana nekwehlisa kusetjentiswa kwe-condom, kuya ecansini, kanye nemsebenti welicansi.<ref name=":20" /> Kungalondvoloteki kwekudla kuphindze kwahlanganiswa nekwehla kwekunamatsela kwe-antiretroviral therapy (ART) kanye nekukhula ngekushesha kwe-HIV.<ref name=":20" /> I-ART iphindze yatfolwa ingasebenti kahle ekulondvoloteni linani le-CD4 cell, lokukhombisa imphilo yesimiso semtimba, kubantfu labahlushwa kungondleki kahle noma kungatfolakali kwekudla.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=224–231}}</ref> Budlelwane emkhatsini wekungavikeleki kwekudla kanye ne-HIV/AIDS busuka etindzaweni letimbili. Akusiko nje kutsi kungatfolakali kwekudla kuvame kwenta bantfu base-Eswatini batiphatse ngendlela lengakhulisa bungoti babo bekutfola i-HIV, i-HIV/AIDS ibekwe yi-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ye-United Nations kanye ne-World Food Programme (WFP) njengentfo lebangela kungatfolakali kwekudla emindenini yemaSwati, njengoba kunciphisa kukhicita kanye nelikhono lekutfola imali.<ref name=":21">Frayne, B. et al. (2010). The State of Urban Food Insecurity in Southern Africa (rep., pp. 1-54). Kingston, ON and Cape Town: African Food Security Urban Network. Urban Food Security Series No. 2.</ref> Ecinisweni, labasikati labatsengisa ngemtimba baseSwatini labaphila ne-HIV babike kutsi batfunjwe yindlala, i-HIV, kanye nemsebenti wekutsengisa ngemtimba.<ref name=":21">Frayne, B. et al. (2010). The State of Urban Food Insecurity in Southern Africa (rep., pp. 1-54). Kingston, ON and Cape Town: African Food Security Urban Network. Urban Food Security Series No. 2.</ref><ref name=":20"/> Bafati labanyenti base-[[ESwatini|Eswatini]] labaphuyile futsi labangenako kudla benta umsebenti wekutsengisa ngemtimba kute batfole kudla lokwenele bona nemindeni yabo.<ref name=":20" /> Kuhlanganyela emsebentini wekutsengisa umtimba kukhulisa bungoti babo bekutfola i-HIV.<ref name=":20" /> Batsengisi bemtimba labaphila ne-HIV bese betama kulawula kugula kwabo kanye nekuvikela imiphumela lemibi ye-ART ngekwetama kutfola kudla lokunyenti, ikakhulukati kudla lokunemphilo. Lokwandza kwekwetsembela ekudleni kuphindze kuholele kubomake labanyenti ekutseni batsembele kakhulu emalini labayitfolako ngemsebenti wekutsengisa umtimba.<ref name=":20" /> == I-HIV kanye ne-TB (TB) ngekuhlanganyela == I-Eswatini ayigcini nje ngekuba nelizinga lekubhebhetseka kwe-HIV kubantfu labadzala emhlabeni wonkhe, iphindze ibe nesilinganiso sesibili lesisetulu sekungenwa yi-HIV-tuberculosis (i-TB) emhlabeni wonkhe.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|journal=e0196831}}</ref> Ngekuhambisana nalesibalo, kufa lokuhlobene ne-TB kubantfu labaphila ne-HIV [[ESwatini|Eswatini]] (kufa kwebantfu labangu-135 kubantfu labangu-100,000) kukhulu kakhulu kunekufa lokuhlobene ne-TB emkhatsini webantfu base-Swatini (51 kubantfu labanga-100,000).<ref name=":22" /> Eminyakeni lelishumi leyendlulile, lelive litsetse tinyatselo tekucinisa tinsita tekusebentisana te-HIV-TB kanye nekungenelela. Sibonelo saloko kutsi, kwabhalwa nga-2014 kutsi 97% wetigulane taseSwatini letiphetfwe yi-TB letati simo sato se-HIV tinesifo se-HIV.<ref name=":22"/> Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 2017, lamaphesenthi ehle aba ngu-70%.<ref name=":23">World Health Organization. (2018). ''Global tuberculosis report 2018''. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/</nowiki></ref> Njengobe i-Eswatini yandzise kwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral (ART) kanye naletinye tinsita tekunakekelwa kwe-HIV kanye nekuvinjelwa, emazinga ekwatisa nge-TB ehlile.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=103–105}}</ref> Ngemnyaka wa 2014, 79% kuphela webantfu labagula nge-TB labane-HIV labacala i-ART.<ref name=":22" /> Kusukela ngemnyaka wa 2017, lamaphesenthi akhule aba ngu-94%.<ref name=":23" /> Kubakhona kwe-TB kwehle ngesilinganiso semnyaka lesingu-18% kusukela nga-2010 kuya ku-2017 Eswatini, emkhatsini wetilinganiso letisheshako emashumini eminyaka lendlulile.<ref name=":23" /> Sibonelo sinye sentfutfuko kutemphilo yemphakatsi kusungulwa kwetikhungo letiniketa tinsita te-TB kanye ne-HIV etifundzeni taka-[[Hhohho]], [[Manzini]], [[Lubombo]], kanye nase-[[Shiselweni]] Eswatini.<ref name=":22"/> Imitfolamphilo ye-ART, ngetulu kwekuniketa tinsita letivamile te-HIV, iniketa kuhlolwa kwe-TB, kanye nekwelashwa kwebantfu labagulako. Ngalokufanako, imitfolamphilo ye-TB, ngetulu kwekuniketa tinsita letivamile te-TB iniketa luhlolo lwe-HIV, kwelashwa nekwekutivikela, kanye netinsita tekucalisa kanye nekulandzela i-ART.<ref name=":22" /> Lucwalingo lwanga-2018 lobeluhlola kuniketwa kwetinsita te-HIV kanye ne-TB emtfolamphilo we-HIV ne-TB Eswatini lwaphetsa ngekutsi kunesilinganiso lesisetulu sekutfola i-ART ngesikhatsi lesifanele kubantfu labagulako be-TB labati kutsi bane-HIV.<ref name=":22" /> Bantfu labasikati labangetulu kwencenye yinye kuletintsatfu baseSwatini labasemkhatsini weminyaka lengu-15 na-49 baphila ne-[[HIV/AIDS in Swaziland|HIV]]; loku kuhambisana nemazinga lasetulu ekungenwa yi-HIV-TB [[ESwatini|Eswatini]], lokwenta labasikati babe sengotini lenkhulu yekutfola i-TB uma kucatsaniswa nemadvodza.<ref name=":6"/> Ngenca yalesibalo, hulumende waseSwatini utsatsa tinyatselo tekuhlanganisa kuhlolwa kwe-TB, kuvinjelwa, kanye nekwelashwa ngetinsita tetemphilo tabomake kanye netinsita letivamile te-HIV kubomake. Kusukela ngenyanga yeNdlovu emnyakeni wa 2019, tisebenti letingasebenti emtfolamphilo letibitwa ngekutsi tisebenti letihlolisisa tigulane te-TB nyalo tiyincenye yekunakekelwa lokujwayelekile kwebantfu labasikati labavakashela imitfolamphilo kute bahlele umndeni, kunakekelwa ngaphambi kwekubeleka, nobe [[Kuhlela umndeni|kuhlolwa]] kwebantfwana labanemphilo.<ref name=":24" /> Nanobe kube nekukhula lokukhulu kwekutfolakala kwe-ART kulabantfu labane-HIV kanye ne TB [[Umbuso weSwatini|Eswatini]], kuniketwa kwelashwa kwe-TB kubantfu labasandza kubhalisa ekunakekelweni kwe-HIV kuhlala ku-1% kulelive kusukela nga-2017.<ref name=":23">World Health Organization. (2018). ''Global tuberculosis report 2018''. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/</nowiki></ref> == Buka futsi == * [[Umbuso weSwatini|Eswatini]] * Health in Eswatini * HIV/AIDS in Africa * HIV/AIDS * TB-HIV co-infection == Imibhalo lebhalwe phansi == {{Reflist}} == Ema-link langaphandle == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131201120930/http://www.nercha.org.sz/ National Emergency Response Council on HIV/AIDS (NERCHA)] Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100117202633/http://www.gov.sz/home.asp?pid=61 Ministry of Health] mss7rqs9xw3wrl1m4gdiionttfiudvg 0 4709 42575 39442 2026-06-20T00:26:18Z InternetArchiveBot 6884 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umfula e-Komati''' watiwa ngekutsi '''Incomati''',lona ngumfula lose [[INingizimu Afrika]], [[Umbuso weSwatini|Swaziland]] kanye nase [[Mozambiki|Mozambique]]. Budze balomfula bungu 480 wemakhilomitha, kanye nesimunyo semanti lesinganga 50,000 wetikwele temakhilomitha. Lesimunyo sikhulula emanti langanga 111 wemamitha ngelisekhendi emlonyeni waso.Leligama lelitsi Komati lisukela egameni lenkhomo lensikati lekhicita lubisi, lenkhomo kutsiwa Inkomati. == Umhlaba == Lomfula usukela e-Carolina, akhuphukele nga 1500 wemamitha celeni kwase Breyten i-Ermelo, Mpumalanga. Agelete lomfula aye ngase lwandle lwemandiya i-Maputo Bay ngekucedza kuhamba emakhilomitha langanga 480.Bese kuba nalomunye umfula lokutsiwa i-Komati Gorge longetulu kwemfula we Nkomati kantsi futsi kulapho kuhlala khona tilwane letinjenge tinyoni. Emnyakeni wa 2001 libondza lelikhulu lelidamu lase Maguga lelingemamitha langu 115 kuya etulu lacedzwa e-Piggs Peak, eswatini. , <small>[//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Komati_River&params=26_4_51.57_S_31_15_25.84_E_type:river <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°4′51.57″S</span> <span class="longitude">31°15′25.84″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.0809917°S 31.2571778°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">-26.0809917; 31.2571778</span></span></span>]</small>. Etulu kwalomfula eceleni kwase Steynsdorp kunemhlaba wemagolide, kepha ngaphansi kwemanti kunematje emnotfo. Lomfula wehla ngase Drakensburg ngemakhilomitha langanga 48 ngentansi kwe- Barberton, kantsi futsi uphindze welele ngase gedeni lase Mpumalanga lase Swatini. Uchubeke ngekucondza angene etintsabeni tase Lebombo. Ngasenyakatfo ngema digrizi langu 32 e-Mpumalanga phindze kube nema digrizi langu 25 e-Ningizimu eceleni kwelidolobha lase Komatipoti, uhlangana kanye nemfula we-Tingwenya. Lomfula lomkhulu wetingwenya uyaphakama lesikhatsi umfula i-Elands River lose Bergendel longu 1,961 wemamitha eceleni kwemanti lasetulu e-Komati, ugeletele ngase Mpumalanga ezingeni lelisetulu, abuye ajikele ngase Nshonalanga afikelele e- Drakensberg lapho kwehlela khona. Kuwa kwase ndzaweni lephansi kunganga 600 wemamitha kanye nemakhilomitha langu 48 kantsi futsi kuwelele emkhatsini kwe Drakensberg kanye ne Lebombo, ngebudze lobunganga 161 wemakhilomitha, kantsi e-Lubombo uchubeke uwe nga 900 wemamitha. Emuva kwelikhilomitha ngaphansi kwesijomelelo semfula  wetingwenya, lomfula watiwa ngekutsi i- Manhissa londlulela ekuhlanganeni kwemhlaba kanye nemanti, ngebudze lobunganga 190 ngemamitha intsatjana, etulu kwe Lebombo lowatiwa nge- Komatipoti, kufaka ekhatsi umfula we picturesque. I- Komatipoti lehlukanisa emave lamabili, lomfula ungaphansi kwemakhilomitha langu 100 kusukela emlonyeni emgceni locondzile, kepha esiphambanweni lomfula wenta bunwebeka ba 322 wemakhilomitha ekucaleni kwe kwenshonalanga kwehlela ngase ningizimu, kwakheka umsele kanye nemanti labuyela emuva. Futsi atfola emanti laphuma ngase nshonalanga ngalobunye bukhulu. Ngesikhatsi sesikhukhulo semanti kuba neluchumano lase nshonalanga kanye nemifula yase Liompopo. Umfula i-Komati ungena elwandle ngemakhilomitha langanga 24 enshonalanga yase Maputo. Uyalandzeleleka kusukekela emlonyeni lapho emanti angemamitha langu lasihlanu ngekushona, kuze kuyofikela enyaweni lase Lebombo.  == Umlandvo == Emaputukezi etsa ematje angaphansi atsi e-Rio des Reijs, noma emanti elayisi.Libhuku la Jan van RIEbeeke liyasho kutsi wakhuluma leligama i-Rio de Reijis lesikhatsi akhuluma nemkhumbi empumalanga ayofuna ilayisi. Enzaweni yase Voortrekker, incwadzi noma libhuku la Louis Tregardt litsi lendzawo i-Manhissa, ligama lelisaphila, kepha kubelungu be British batsi kuse King George River. . Negmnyaka wa 1725, luhambo lwema Dutch lalihholwa ngu-Francois de Kuiper lebebayohlola lomfula i- Komati phindze bahamba emakhilomitha langu 30 bavakashela i-Mpumalanga, ngaphambi kwekutsi bahlaselwe bantfu balendzawo, baphoceleka kutsi babuyele e-Delagoa Bay.  Ngelilanga le-Nyoni mhlaka 23 emnyaken wa 1900 lesikhatsi kunemphi ye-Second Boer War, emabhunu langu 3,000 ewela edolobheni lase Komatipoti, atinikrla emaphoyiseni ema [[IPhuthukezi|Portuguese]]. Elangeni la 7 November 1900, emabhange ase Komati aba yindzawo yemphi yema British kanye nemabhunu. Imphi yase Leliefontein yayekelwa ma- British, bahlushwa ngemabhunu , emabhunu lasongela kubamba e- British Artillery. Tikhali tema British tasindziswa bukhosi base Canadian Dragons labahlawulisa emabhunu, babeka tikhali lapho bangeke bafikelele khona.. == Umgwaco == Umgwaco losuka e-Maputo aye e-[[Pitoli|Pretoria]] uhamba ngekucondza, ngemakhilomitha langu 72, afikele e-Komati. ulandzela umfula we libhange lase ningizimu ungenele eveni lelisetulu e- Komatipoti. Usuke lapho ushine ngase nyakatfo aye emfuleni wetingwenya, ngebudze bakhona. lomgwaco wakhiwa inkapani lokutsiwa i- Netherlands- South Africa (NZASM), wavulwa emnyakeni wa 1895. == Buka futsi == * [[Komatiite]] * [[Komatipoort]] * [[List of rivers of South Africa]] == Luphenyo == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120208110143/http://www.ecs.co.sz/magugadam/maguga_dam.htm The Maguga Dam Project] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623192714/http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa Key rivers of South Africa] [[File:PD-icon.svg|alt=Public Domain|12x12px]]{{1911}}public domain{{1911}} == Buka Futsi == == Umgwaco == == Umlandvo == == External links == == References == == Umhlaba == [[Category:IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:É-Mozambike]] [[Category:Umbuso weSwatini]] isu7cqv30tano8npyrippw5a9islkm9 0 5845 42571 42241 2026-06-20T00:06:02Z InternetArchiveBot 6884 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brenda Nokuzola Fassie''' (3 lwati 1964 - 9 Mabasa 2004) bekangumculi wase[[Ningizimu Afrika]], umbhali wetingoma, umdansi kanye nemshikashika. Uphindze atiwe ngaMaBrrr kubalandzeli bakhe, uphindze atiwe ngekutsi ngu "Queen of African Pop", "Madonna of The Townships" noma nje ngu The Black Madonna. Imicimbi yakhe leyesabekako yasesiteji yatfola ligama "lekuhlukumeta"; ngalokumangalisako, ligama lakhe lesiXhosa, Nokuzola, lisho "kuthula", "kuthula" nobe "kuthula".<ref name="time">Desa Philadelphia, [https://web.archive.org/web/20131028034625/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000782,00.html "Brenda Fassie: Africa: The Madonna Of The Townships"], ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', 15 September 2001.</ref> == imitfombo lwati == [[Category:Bosatiwako]] [[Category:Baculi base baseNingizimu Afrika]] rxk4depkr20j0khiz2k9hh54pmn1vnd 828 6207 42576 40520 2026-06-20T01:41:43Z Uzume 978 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q16914835|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 42576 Scribunto text/plain require ('strict'); local p = {} p.trim = function(frame) return mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") end p.sentence = function (frame) -- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not. frame.args[1] = frame:callParserFunction('lc', frame.args[1]) return p.ucfirst(frame) end p.ucfirst = function (frame) local s = frame.args[1]; if not s or '' == s or s:match ('^%s+$') then -- when <s> is nil, empty, or only whitespace return s; -- abandon because nothing to do end s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local s1 = "" local prefix_patterns_t = { -- sequence of prefix patterns '^\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-%a+%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127', -- stripmarker '^([%*;:#]+)', -- various list markup '^(\'\'\'*)', -- bold / italic markup '^(%b<>)', -- html-like tags because some templates render these '^(&%a+;)', -- html character entities because some templates render these '^(&#%d+;)', -- html numeric (decimal) entities because some templates render these '^(&#x%x+;)', -- html numeric (hexadecimal) entities because some templates render these '^(%s+)', -- any whitespace characters '^([%(%)%-%+%?%.%%!~!@%$%^&_={}/`,‘’„“”ʻ|\"\'\\]+)', -- miscellaneous punctuation } local prefixes_t = {}; -- list, bold/italic, and html-like markup, & whitespace saved here local function prefix_strip (s) -- local function to strip prefixes from <s> for _, pattern in ipairs (prefix_patterns_t) do -- spin through <prefix_patterns_t> if s:match (pattern) then -- when there is a match local prefix = s:match (pattern); -- get a copy of the matched prefix table.insert (prefixes_t, prefix); -- save it s = s:sub (prefix:len() + 1); -- remove the prefix from <s> return s, true; -- return <s> without prefix and flag; force restart at top of sequence because misc punct removal can break stripmarker end end return s; -- no prefix found; return <s> with nil flag end local prefix_removed; -- flag; boolean true as long as prefix_strip() finds and removes a prefix repeat -- one by one remove list, bold/italic, html-like markup, whitespace, etc from start of <s> s, prefix_removed = prefix_strip (s); until (not prefix_removed); -- until <prefix_removed> is nil s1 = table.concat (prefixes_t); -- recreate the prefix string for later reattachment local first_text = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]'); -- extract wikilink at start of string if present; TODO: this can be string.match()? local upcased; if first_text then if first_text:match ('^%[%[[^|]+|[^%]]+%]%]') then -- if <first_text> is a piped link upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[[^|]+|%W*(%w)'); -- get first letter character upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%[[^|]+|%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased); -- replace else -- here when <first_text> is a wikilink but not a piped link upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%[%W*%w'); -- get '[[' and first letter upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%[%[%W*%w', upcased); -- replace; no capture needed here end elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s+[^%]]+%]') then -- if <s> is a ext link of some sort; must have label text upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%[%S+%s+%W*(%w)'); -- get first letter character upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^(%[%S+%s+%W*)%w', '%1' .. upcased); -- replace elseif s:match ('^%[%S+%s*%]') then -- if <s> is a ext link without label text; nothing to do return s1 .. s; -- reattach prefix string (if present) and done else -- <s> is not a wikilink or ext link; assume plain text upcased = mw.ustring.match (s, '^%W*%w'); -- get the first letter character upcased = mw.ustring.upper (upcased); -- upcase first letter character s = mw.ustring.gsub (s, '^%W*%w', upcased); -- replace; no capture needed here end return s1 .. s; -- reattach prefix string (if present) and done end p.title = function (frame) -- http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/capitalization/rules-for-capitalization-in-titles.html -- recommended by The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual: -- "Capitalize all words in titles of publications and documents, -- except a, an, the, at, by, for, in, of, on, to, up, and, as, but, or, and nor." local alwayslower = {['a'] = 1, ['an'] = 1, ['the'] = 1, ['and'] = 1, ['but'] = 1, ['or'] = 1, ['for'] = 1, ['nor'] = 1, ['on'] = 1, ['in'] = 1, ['at'] = 1, ['to'] = 1, ['from'] = 1, ['by'] = 1, ['of'] = 1, ['up'] = 1 } local res = '' local s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local words = mw.text.split( s, " ") for i, s in ipairs(words) do -- {{lc:}} is strip-marker safe, string.lower is not. s = frame:callParserFunction('lc', s) if i == 1 or alwayslower[s] ~= 1 then s = mw.getContentLanguage():ucfirst(s) end words[i] = s end return table.concat(words, " ") end -- findlast finds the last item in a list -- the first unnamed parameter is the list -- the second, optional unnamed parameter is the list separator (default = comma space) -- returns the whole list if separator not found p.findlast = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim( frame.args[1] or "" ) local sep = frame.args[2] or "" if sep == "" then sep = ", " end local pattern = ".*" .. sep .. "(.*)" local a, b, last = s:find(pattern) if a then return last else return s end end -- stripZeros finds the first number and strips leading zeros (apart from units) -- e.g "0940" -> "940"; "Year: 0023" -> "Year: 23"; "00.12" -> "0.12" p.stripZeros = function(frame) local s = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") local n = tonumber( string.match( s, "%d+" ) ) or "" s = string.gsub( s, "%d+", n, 1 ) return s end -- nowiki ensures that a string of text is treated by the MediaWiki software as just a string -- it takes an unnamed parameter and trims whitespace, then removes any wikicode p.nowiki = function(frame) local str = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1] or "") return mw.text.nowiki(str) end -- split splits text at boundaries specified by separator -- and returns the chunk for the index idx (starting at 1) -- #invoke:String2 |split |text |separator |index |true/false -- #invoke:String2 |split |txt=text |sep=separator |idx=index |plain=true/false -- if plain is false/no/0 then separator is treated as a Lua pattern - defaults to plain=true p.split = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = args[1] or args.txt or "" if txt == "" then return nil end local sep = (args[2] or args.sep or ""):gsub('"', '') local idx = tonumber(args[3] or args.idx) or 1 local plain = (args[4] or args.plain or "true"):sub(1,1) plain = (plain ~= "f" and plain ~= "n" and plain ~= "0") local splittbl = mw.text.split( txt, sep, plain ) if idx < 0 then idx = #splittbl + idx + 1 end return splittbl[idx] end -- val2percent scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt= -- it converts each number it finds into a percentage and returns the resultant string. p.val2percent = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or "") if txt == "" then return nil end local function v2p (x) x = (tonumber(x) or 0) * 100 if x == math.floor(x) then x = math.floor(x) end return x .. "%" end txt = txt:gsub("%d[%d%.]*", v2p) -- store just the string return txt end -- one2a scans through a string, passed as either the first unnamed parameter or |txt= -- it converts each occurrence of 'one ' into either 'a ' or 'an ' and returns the resultant string. p.one2a = function(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.txt or "") if txt == "" then return nil end txt = txt:gsub(" one ", " a "):gsub("^one", "a"):gsub("One ", "A "):gsub("a ([aeiou])", "an %1"):gsub("A ([aeiou])", "An %1") return txt end -- findpagetext returns the position of a piece of text in a page -- First positional parameter or |text is the search text -- Optional parameter |title is the page title, defaults to current page -- Optional parameter |plain is either true for plain search (default) or false for Lua pattern search -- Optional parameter |nomatch is the return value when no match is found; default is nil p._findpagetext = function(args) -- process parameters local nomatch = args.nomatch or "" if nomatch == "" then nomatch = nil end -- local text = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.text or "") if text == "" then return nil end -- local title = args.title or "" local titleobj if title == "" then titleobj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() else titleobj = mw.title.new(title) end -- local plain = args.plain or "" if plain:sub(1, 1) == "f" then plain = false else plain = true end -- get the page content and look for 'text' - return position or nomatch local content = titleobj and titleobj:getContent() return content and mw.ustring.find(content, text, 1, plain) or nomatch end p.findpagetext = function(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(pargs) do args[k] = v end if not (args[1] or args.text) then return nil end -- just the first value return (p._findpagetext(args)) end -- returns the decoded url. Inverse of parser function {{urlencode:val|TYPE}} -- Type is: -- QUERY decodes + to space (default) -- PATH does no extra decoding -- WIKI decodes _ to space p._urldecode = function(url, type) url = url or "" type = (type == "PATH" or type == "WIKI") and type return mw.uri.decode( url, type ) end -- {{#invoke:String2|urldecode|url=url|type=type}} p.urldecode = function(frame) return mw.uri.decode( frame.args.url, frame.args.type ) end -- what follows was merged from [[Module:StringFunc]] -- Argument list helper function, as per [[Module:String]] function p._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list ) local new_args = {}; local index = 1; local value; for i,arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do value = frame_args[arg] if value == nil then value = frame_args[index]; index = index + 1; end new_args[arg] = value; end return new_args; end -- Escape Pattern helper function so that all characters are treated as plain text, as per [[Module:String]] function p._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return mw.ustring.gsub( pattern_str, "([%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]])", "%%%1" ) end -- Helper Function to interpret boolean strings, as per [[Module:String]] function p._getBoolean( boolean_str ) local boolean_value; if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower(); if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' or boolean_str == '' then boolean_value = false; else boolean_value = true; end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str; else error( 'No boolean value found' ); end return boolean_value end --[[ Strip This function Strips characters from string Usage: {{#invoke:String2|strip|source_string|characters_to_strip|plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to strip chars: The pattern or list of characters to strip from string, replaced with '' plain: A flag indicating that the chars should be understood as plain text. defaults to true. Leading and trailing whitespace is also automatically stripped from the string. ]] function p.strip( frame ) local new_args = p._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'chars', 'plain'} ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local chars = new_args['chars'] or '' or 'characters' source_str = mw.text.trim(source_str) if source_str == '' or chars == '' then return source_str end local l_plain = p._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or true ) if l_plain then chars = p._escapePattern( chars ) end local result result = mw.ustring.gsub(source_str, "["..chars.."]", '') return result end --[[ Match any Returns the index of the first given pattern to match the input. Patterns must be consecutively numbered. Returns the empty string if nothing matches for use in {{#if:}} Usage: {{#invoke:String2|matchAll|source=123 abc|456|abc}} returns '2'. Parameters: source: the string to search plain: A flag indicating that the patterns should be understood as plain text. defaults to true. 1, 2, 3, ...: the patterns to search for ]] function p.matchAny(frame) local source_str = frame.args['source'] or error('The source parameter is mandatory.') local l_plain = p._getBoolean( frame.args['plain'] or true ) for i = 1, math.huge do local pattern = frame.args[i] if not pattern then return '' end if mw.ustring.find(source_str, pattern, 1, l_plain) then return tostring(i) end end end --[[--------------------------< H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >-------------------------------------------------- Converts a hyphen to a dash under certain conditions. The hyphen must separate like items; unlike items are returned unmodified. These forms are modified: letter - letter (A - B) digit - digit (4-5) digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5) letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5) digitletter - digitletter (5a - 5d) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d) any other forms are returned unmodified. str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list ]] function p.hyphen_to_dash( str, spacing ) if (str == nil or str == '') then return str end local accept str = mw.text.decode(str, true ) -- replace html entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split local out = {} local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*') -- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any for _, item in ipairs (list) do -- for each item in the list item = mw.text.trim(item) -- trim whitespace item, accept = item:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1') if accept == 0 and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[%-–—]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then -- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators if item:match ('^%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*%-%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+$') or -- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit) item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+$') or -- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter) item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') or -- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit item:match ('^%d+%s*%-%s*%d+$') or -- digit hyphen digit item:match ('^%a+%s*%-%s*%a+$') then -- letter hyphen letter item = item:gsub ('(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*%-%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '%1–%2') -- replace hyphen, remove extraneous space characters else item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[–—]%s*', '–') -- for endash or emdash separated ranges, replace em with en, remove extraneous whitespace end end table.insert (out, item) -- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table end local temp_str = table.concat (out, ',' .. spacing) -- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string temp_str, accept = temp_str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1') -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out if accept ~= 0 then temp_str = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1') -- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value end return temp_str end function p.hyphen2dash( frame ) local str = frame.args[1] or '' local spacing = frame.args[2] or ' ' -- space is part of the standard separator for normal spacing (but in conjunction with templates r/rp/ran we may need a narrower spacing return p.hyphen_to_dash(str, spacing) end -- Similar to [[Module:String#endswith]] function p.startswith(frame) return (frame.args[1]:sub(1, frame.args[2]:len()) == frame.args[2]) and 'yes' or '' end -- Implements [[Template:Isnumeric]] function p.isnumeric(frame) local s = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1] local boolean = (frame.args.boolean or frame:getParent().args.boolean) == 'true' if type(s) == 'string' and mw.getContentLanguage():parseFormattedNumber( s ) then return boolean and 1 or s end return boolean and 0 or '' end -- Checks if a value in a group of numbers is not an interger. -- Allows usage of an |empty= parameter to allow empty values to be skipped. function p.isInteger(frame) local values = frame.args or frame:getParent().args local allow_empty = frame.args.empty or frame:getParent().args.empty for _, value in ipairs(values) do -- Trim spaces value = value and value:gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1") if value == "" or value == nil then if not allow_empty then return false -- Empty values are not allowed end else value = tonumber(value) if not (type(value) == "number" and value == math.floor(value)) then return false end end end return true end -- Returns an error found in a string. function p.getError(frame) local text = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1] local error_message = text:match('(<strong class="error">.-</strong>)') return error_message or nil end return p ph89g30kzy2uwl0t05s6jtpby1w86b8 0 6758 42572 42100 2026-06-20T00:12:19Z InternetArchiveBot 6884 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 42572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gugile Ernest Nkwinti''' (watalwa mhla tinge-18 Inyoni 1946) ngusopolitiki wase[[Ningizimu Afrika]], ngaphambilini bekasebenta kukhabhinethi njengeNdvunankulu yemanti Nekuhlanteka kantsi lesinye sikhundla lowasiphatsa abenguNdvunankulu Yekutfutfukisa Emakhaya Nekuguculwa Kwemhlaba . == Imfundvo kanye nemsebenti == Unediploma yebuhlengikati (yekwelapha ingcondvo) kanye ne-bachelor's degree kuSayensi Yetepolitiki, Kuphatfwa Kwemmango kanye Netemnotfo Losetjentisiwe lowayitfola e [[INyuvesi yase Ningizimu Afrika (UNISA)|-Unisa]] . Kantsi kusukela nga-1972 kuya ku-1984, wasebenta njengemhlengikati. Kusukela nga 1984 kuya ku 1989, wasebentela i UDF, eMpumalanga Kapa, waphindze wasebenta njengemsiti welucwaningo etikolweni letengcondvo [[I-Rhodes University|eNyuvesi yase Rhodes]] . Kusukela nga 1990 kuya ku 1991, wasebenta njengamabhalane wesifundza we UDF kanye ne [[African National Congress|ANC]] eMphumalanga Kapa. Nga 1994, waba sikhulumi seSishayamtsetfo sesifundza sase Eastern Cape, futsi nga 1999, wakhetfwa njenge MEC wetindlu, bohulumende basemakhaya kanye netindzaba tendzabuko kulesifundza. Nga 2004 wambona abambelele esikhundleni sakhe sekuba ngu MEC wetetindlu nahulumende wasekhaya, futsi nga 2009, wabekwa kutsi abe ngundvunankhulu wetekutfutfukiswa kwemakhaya kanye nekuguculwa kwemhlaba. == Inchubomgomo lekhona nyalo yekuguculwa kwemhlaba == Kuguculwa kwemhlaba waseNingizimu Afrika kuyindzaba lephikisanako. Uvete kutsi lemali ayikho kute kufinyelelwe esigabeni lesihlosiwe sekwaba kabusha 30% wemhlaba lolimako emuva kubantfu labamnyama labanyenti nga-2014. Kunaloko kukhutsata umtsetfomgomo loyincenye wekugucula umhlaba lobuyiselwe, kepha longakhiciti (kufika ku 90% ngekuya kwa Nkwinti). <ref>[http://www.citizen.co.za/index/article.aspx?pDesc=117636,1,22 "Use land or lose it: Nkwinti"], ''The Citizen'',3 March 2010.</ref> Uvete kutsi Kufaka Sive akusiyo indlela, kepha washiya inchubomgomo yekuguculwa kwemhlaba yesikhatsi lesitako kutsi kube nemphikiswano yavelonkhe yesikhatsi lesitako. Wente titatimende letiphikisanako, etindzabeni tendzawo, i-eNCA, kutsi balimi labatsengisako kumele babambisane noma babelane ngesiphetfo "lesibi kakhulu kuneZimbabwe". Kudvweba kuphendvula lokubucayi lokuvela enyunyaneni yetekulima, i-TAU SA, kanye ne- [[Freedom Front Plus]] kanye nasemuva kwaloko, kubita kucaciswa lokuvela ku [[I-Democratic Alliance (i-South Africa)|-Democratic Alliance]] . <ref>[http://www.polity.org.za/article/nkwintis-zim-warning-draws-sharp-reaction-2010-03-30 "Nkwinti's Zim Warning Draws Sharp Reaction"], ''Polity'', 30 March 2010. </ref> Uke waphakamisa ngaphambilini umtsetfomgomo wekungabi nesinxephetelo. == Tinsolo tenkwabaniso == Nkwinti wasolwa ngukukhwabanisa kanye nekufumbatsiswa ngemuva kwekuvuma kutsatsa 2 Million Rand kumngani wakhe lowatfola lipulazi lelivela etikolweni letekulima lekutfutfukisa emakhaya kanye nekulungisa umhlaba lebelilahliwe ngemuva kwekuniketwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/thriving-limpopo-farm-left-derelict-after-minister-helped-his-mates-take-ownership/ |access-date=2025-06-12 |archive-date=2025-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250612053747/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/thriving-limpopo-farm-left-derelict-after-minister-helped-his-mates-take-ownership/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/south-africa/nkwinti-in-hot-water-over-public-protectors-findings/ </ref> == Tinkomba == {{Reflist}} [[Umkhakha:Bosopolitiki]] [[Umkhakha:Ningizimu Afrika]] 2mjhb7385o9c11bbqy3plu5ig9w0bcx