Wikipedia stwiki https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leqephe_la_pele MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 7868 33525 27522 2025-06-25T06:48:09Z Hugo.arg 606 {{delete|no notability}} 33525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|no notability}} Antonio Bizarrón Méndez e ne e le seboholi se tsoang toropong ea Tepic. 64to42ukbe5wexgksj2ge5x8x739sfa 0 9525 33522 32429 2025-06-25T06:43:58Z Hugo.arg 606 {{delete|Turkish, spam}} 33522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Turkish, spam}} Tanıtım Filmi Nedir? Yaratıcı [https://grifilmmedya.com/tanitim-filmi-fiyatlari/ tanıtım filmi fiyatları], bir hizmeti, markayı veya organizasyonu tanıtmak için hazırlanan görsel içeriklerdir. Dolayısı ile bu filmler, hedef kitleye yönelik olarak tasarlanır; ürün ve hizmetlerin özellikleri, avantajları ve kullanım alanları sanal ortamda etkili bir şekilde sergileriz çünkü hedef kitle major etkendir. Bu tür tanıtım videolarını internet siteleri, sosyal medya ve fuar alanlarında yayınlarız fakat doğru sitelerde bulunmak gerekir. Özgün Tanıtım videosu, prodüksiyon firmaları tarafından hazırlarız. Çünkü özgünlük yaratıcılıktır. Dolayısı ile senaryo aşamasının ardından, firmanın vurgulamak istediği unsurlar görüntüye aktarılır ve seslendirme ile dikkat çekici bir anlatım oluştururuz. çünkü dikkat çekici anlatım filmi etkiler. Fİlmin Tamamlanması: Sonuç olarak, etkileyici tanıtım filmleri, markaların hedef kitleleriyle etkili bir iletişim kurmasını sağlarız çünkü doğru iletişim doğru iş demektir. Bununla birlikte hedef kitleye hitap eden, görsel olarak çekici ve bilgilendirici içerikler sunarak markanın farkındalığını artırırız fakat stok görüntü selekte edilerek kullanılmalıdır. Demek ki, ürün ve hizmetlerin tanıtımını güçlendirir ve marka imajını pekiştirir. osq9y5toiqs7ddt7sjn8jm9ipcbhng5 0 9526 33523 32430 2025-06-25T06:45:26Z Hugo.arg 606 {{delete|Turkish, spam}} 33523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|Turkish, spam}} Drone Çekimi Nedir? [https://grifilmmedya.com/drone-cekimi-fiyatlari/ Drone çekimi fiyatları], insansız hava araçları kullanılarak havadan çekilen fotoğraf veya video çekimidir. Dolayısı ile Drone hizmeti havadan çekilen görüntülerin etkiyelici yanınından dolayı sinema, belgesel, etkinlik çekimleri gibi çeşitli sektörlere göre değişiklik gösterir. Yani drone çekimi; yüksek alanlarda hareketli çekimler yaparak geniş alanların sinematik görünmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Drone Çekimi Fiyatları: Fiyat konusunda Drone çekimi fiyatları; kullanım amacına ve kullanılan drona göre fiyatları değişmektedir. Drone çekimi fiyatları, çekimin yapılacağı sahnelerin zorluğu, iç çekim gibi alanlar fiyatı etkiler. Ama fiyatın geçerliliği sınırlıdır. Bu yüzden, bazı şirketlere drone çekimi için paket fiyatları sunabilir. Drone çekimin yapılacağı yerin ulaşılabilirliği maliyetleri etkiler. Uzak veya ulaşılması zor olan yerler fiyatları etkiler. Çünkü maliyeti arttırır. Çekim sonrasında video montajı ve efektler gibi hizmetler, ekstra bütçeler çıkar çünkü ek hizmet gerektirir. Drone çekimi fiyatları nasıl oluşur? Çekim Süresi: Çekimin süresi, fiyatı doğrudan etkiler. Kısa süreli çekimler genellikle daha uygun fiyatlıdır. Ekipman: Kullanılacak drone ve kameranın kalitesi, fiyatları artırabilir. Yüksek çözünürlüklü kameralar veya özel ekipman gereksinimleri, maliyeti yükseltir. Çekim Lokasyonu: Çekimin gerçekleştirileceği yerin erişilebilirliği, lojistik masrafları etkileyebilir. Uzak veya zorlu bölgeler ek maliyet gerektirebilir. Düzenleme ve Post-Prodüksiyon: Çekim sonrası video veya fotoğrafların düzenlenmesi, ekstra zaman ve beceri gerektirdiğinden fiyatı artırır. fqmb3fzd0996dly7etgbijblt2lmnos 0 9527 33524 32431 2025-06-25T06:46:14Z Hugo.arg 606 {{delete|Turkish, spam}} 33524 wikitext text/x-wiki Kurumsal Tanıtım Filmi Nedir? {{delete|Turkish, spam}} Kurumsal tanıtım filmi, genellikle kurumsal firmaların ve KOBİ’lerin, standart tanıtım filmlerinden daha uzun ve kapsamlı bir şekilde talep ettiği video içerikleridir. Bu tür filmler, bir markanın veya şirketin vizyonunu ve değerlerini etkili bir şekilde yansıtmak için profesyonel çekim teknikleri kullanırız. Drone ile havadan çekimler, röportajlar, 360 derece VR videoları, fotoğraf çekimleri ve daha fazlasını içerebilir. Peki, tanıtım film çekimi kaç dakika olmalı? Bu soruya net bir cevap vermek zordur çünkü her sektörün ve her işletmenin ihtiyaçları farklıdır. Örneğin, sosyal medya için hazırlanan tanıtım filmleri genellikle 45 saniye ile 1 dakika arasında olmalıdır, ancak kurumsal tanıtım filmlerinin uzunluğu tamamen içeriğe ve hedef kitlenize göre hazırlarız. Tanıtım Filmi Fiyatları Ne Kadar? Tanıtım filmi fiyatları, genellikle 1500 ila 3000 dolar arasında değişmektedir. Fakat her marka ve işletme için özel ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda fiyatlandırma yaparız. Bu sayede her firmaya, reklam ajanslarının profesyonel kalitesini yansıtan, özelleştirilmiş çözümler sunulabilir. Biz de tanıtım filmi fiyatlarımızı piyasa ortalamasında tutarak, kaliteden ödün vermemeye özen gösteriyoruz. Kurumsal Tanıtım Videosu Hazırlama Aşamaları [http://www.grifilmmedya.com Kurumsal tanıtım filmi] hazırlamak birkaç aşamadan oluşur. Bu aşamalar şunlardır: Senaryo oluşumu: İlk adımda marka ile iş birliği yapılarak, ihtiyaçlar ve beklentiler doğrultusunda uygun bir senaryo oluştururuz. Çekimler: Senaryo doğrultusunda, 4K ya da 1080p çözünürlükte, profesyonel ekipmanlar (prime lensler, DJI drone’lar) ile çekimler yaparız. Post Prodüksiyon: Çekimlerin ardından renk düzeltme, retouch ve retone işlemleri yaparız. Kurgu ve Efektler: Videodaki geçişler, animasyonlar ve efektler tasarlarız. Müzik ve Seslendirme: Telifsiz müzikler ve ses efektleri temin edilir. Gerekli durumlarda, profesyonel seslendirme sanatçıları ile ses kaydı yaparız. Montaj ve Teslim: Son olarak kurgu işlemleri tamamlanır ve çözünürlükler hazırlanarak proje teslim ederiz. Kurumsal Tanıtım Filminin İçeriği Bir kurumsal tanıtım filmi tasarlanırken, izleyicilerin dikkatini çekmek ve markanızla güçlü bir bağ kurmalarını sağlamak için birkaç önemli unsur dikkate alınır: Akıcı ve dikkat çekici bir senaryo Aktüel ve gerçek zamanlı çekimler Firma logosuyla Intro ve Outro Sanatsal ve etkileyici görsel çekimler Detaylı çekimler ve röportajlar Profesyonel seslendirme ve altyazılar Drone ile havadan çekimler Stok görüntüler ve videolar Telifsiz müzik ve ses efektleri Ses düzenlemeleri ve renk düzeltmeleri Kurgu ve montaj işlemleri Post prodüksiyon aşaması Kurumsal Tanıtım Filminin Maliyeti Neye Göre Değişir? Kurumsal tanıtım filmi fiyatları, genellikle film uzunluğu, çekim türü (röportaj, drone çekimi, 360 VR çekimi vb.), seslendirme hizmetleri ve kullanılacak müzik gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişir. Örneğin, drone ile havadan çekim yapılması, VR çekimleri veya ek ürün videoları çekilmesi maliyetleri artırabilir. Kurumsal tanıtım filmi fiyatları, genelde 10.000TL ile 50.000 TL arasında değişmektedir. Ancak fiyatlardan çok daha önemli olan unsurlar, kalitenin yanı sıra, filmi hangi amaçla kullanacağınız ve hangi platformlarda paylaşacağınızdır. Bu yüzden, tanıtım filmi çekimi hazırlamadan önce ihtiyacınızı netleştirmeniz ve profesyonel bir ajansla çalışmanız oldukça önemlidir. Sonuç: Kurumsal Tanıtım Filmi ile Markanın Güçlendirilmesi Kurumsal tanıtım filmi, markayı tanıtmanın en etkili yollarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Doğru bir ajansla çalışılarak, profesyonel bir filmle hedef kitlenize ulaşılabilir, marka bilinirliği artırılabilir ve satışlar yükseltilebilir. Unutulmamalıdır ki, kurumsal tanıtım filmi sadece bir video değil, markanın gücünü ve profesyonelliğini yansıtan güçlü bir iletişim aracı olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Bu nedenle, yaratıcı, teknik bilgiye sahip ve deneyimli bir ekip ile çalışılması, filmdeki her detayın doğru şekilde yansıtılmasını sağlar. 7v48dxkh129p2uww8i2cojltnsf8dqd 0 9818 33526 32985 2025-06-25T06:48:39Z Hugo.arg 606 {{delete|empty}} 33526 wikitext text/x-wiki kgudiso ya bitona {{delete|empty}} 2vwni90iens3l16oj83m3l5a3pal8gc 2 9824 33558 33328 2025-06-25T08:49:49Z ElisaRamok 11798 33558 wikitext text/x-wiki [[User:ElisaRamok/Draft page 3/Bohlokwa ba puo ya letswele dithutong tsa bana|Batjha ba Afrika Borwa hara temo.]] dnuq2jez6lu2lj0ssujjdz42vzgvmot 2 9826 33537 33396 2025-06-25T07:41:57Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33537 wikitext text/x-wiki == Batjha ba ntlafatsang tsa temo == [[File:Greenhouse Farming 001.jpg|thumb|Dijalo tsaka tlung]] '''Batjha temong''' ho ba bohlokwa haholo,ho ruta batjha ka diphetoho tseo temo etlang ka tsona,re bua ka moo lehodimo le fetohang ka teng (climate change)<ref>https://www.giz.de/expertise/html/60132.html</ref> E tlisa tsebo entjha ho batjha le ho tsa temo tlo tlisa tsela tse ntjha tsa polokeho ho tsa temo .<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/7-impacts-of-climate-change-on-south-african-agriculture/</ref> Rena le temo e moo re jalang kahara matlwana a di polasitiki(green-hub farming).<ref>https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/crops/vegetables/greenhouse-production/</ref> == temong == == Tjantjello ya batjha temong == Batjha ba naha ya aforika borwa ba bontsha tjantjello e kgolo temong naheng ya bona ,le ho boloka lefapha la dijo naheng.<ref>https://ecagriculture.gov.za/youths-passion-in-agriculture/</ref> batjha ba bang ba na le lerato la temo ka lebaka la ho ba le kgahleho temong mme ba babang ba bona ba e bona e le monyetla wa ho ba bo rapolasi le ho tshireletsa dijo<ref>https://includeplatform.net/blog/passionate-youth-for-agricultural-development/</ref> '''Thuto ka temo le menyetla''' Lefapha la tsa temo,di banka ,le di univesithi tsa naheng ya aforika borwa di fana ka thupello e keneletseng ho batjha ba etsang temo dikolong le ho fana ka duthusa thuto<ref>https://dard.nwpg.gov.za/index.php/news/career-exhibition-evokes-passion-for-agriculture-amongst-school-learners/</ref><ref>https://www.sab.co.za/article/sab-graduation-stimulates-job-creation-and-skills-development-sa-agriculture</ref> .Ho fana ka mapolasi ho batjha ba lemang meroho letse ding.<ref>https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/huge-opportunities-in-agriculture-and-agribusiness-for-graduate-african-youths-16970</ref> == Mehlodi == tmmfpom5oggxjcpnhfz9mty1tzi6w9p 33538 33537 2025-06-25T07:42:33Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33538 wikitext text/x-wiki == temong == == Tjantjello ya batjha temong == Batjha ba naha ya aforika borwa ba bontsha tjantjello e kgolo temong naheng ya bona ,le ho boloka lefapha la dijo naheng.<ref>https://ecagriculture.gov.za/youths-passion-in-agriculture/</ref> batjha ba bang ba na le lerato la temo ka lebaka la ho ba le kgahleho temong mme ba babang ba bona ba e bona e le monyetla wa ho ba bo rapolasi le ho tshireletsa dijo<ref>https://includeplatform.net/blog/passionate-youth-for-agricultural-development/</ref> '''Thuto ka temo le menyetla''' Lefapha la tsa temo,di banka ,le di univesithi tsa naheng ya aforika borwa di fana ka thupello e keneletseng ho batjha ba etsang temo dikolong le ho fana ka duthusa thuto<ref>https://dard.nwpg.gov.za/index.php/news/career-exhibition-evokes-passion-for-agriculture-amongst-school-learners/</ref><ref>https://www.sab.co.za/article/sab-graduation-stimulates-job-creation-and-skills-development-sa-agriculture</ref> .Ho fana ka mapolasi ho batjha ba lemang meroho letse ding.<ref>https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/huge-opportunities-in-agriculture-and-agribusiness-for-graduate-african-youths-16970</ref> == Mehlodi == qwn1rnyxdekrzn2anug1xn9e7zxlfuo 33539 33538 2025-06-25T07:42:45Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33539 wikitext text/x-wiki == Tjantjello ya batjha temong == Batjha ba naha ya aforika borwa ba bontsha tjantjello e kgolo temong naheng ya bona ,le ho boloka lefapha la dijo naheng.<ref>https://ecagriculture.gov.za/youths-passion-in-agriculture/</ref> batjha ba bang ba na le lerato la temo ka lebaka la ho ba le kgahleho temong mme ba babang ba bona ba e bona e le monyetla wa ho ba bo rapolasi le ho tshireletsa dijo<ref>https://includeplatform.net/blog/passionate-youth-for-agricultural-development/</ref> '''Thuto ka temo le menyetla''' Lefapha la tsa temo,di banka ,le di univesithi tsa naheng ya aforika borwa di fana ka thupello e keneletseng ho batjha ba etsang temo dikolong le ho fana ka duthusa thuto<ref>https://dard.nwpg.gov.za/index.php/news/career-exhibition-evokes-passion-for-agriculture-amongst-school-learners/</ref><ref>https://www.sab.co.za/article/sab-graduation-stimulates-job-creation-and-skills-development-sa-agriculture</ref> .Ho fana ka mapolasi ho batjha ba lemang meroho letse ding.<ref>https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/huge-opportunities-in-agriculture-and-agribusiness-for-graduate-african-youths-16970</ref> == Mehlodi == 9k86jc1a5izr29oua1cd12tf7q5ozsw 33540 33539 2025-06-25T07:43:24Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Replaced content with " == temong == == Mehlodi ==" 33540 wikitext text/x-wiki == temong == == Mehlodi == dixz00qwcrbkc4mx4scbp76f342ptq6 33541 33540 2025-06-25T07:43:36Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33541 wikitext text/x-wiki == temong == 6fm4fgwj8pn6a4nm072f2vqnm24notm 33542 33541 2025-06-25T07:43:50Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Blanked the page 33542 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 2 9827 33543 33513 2025-06-25T07:44:42Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33543 wikitext text/x-wiki == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Tshwane_University_of_Technology</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == 338vxqy5x94m1p1x18xo1bqkqbmxd2c 33544 33543 2025-06-25T07:45:08Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33544 wikitext text/x-wiki == mesebetsi == == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Tshwane_University_of_Technology</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == ivswvw4gtikoiwfnw6wt8obzw4xiw1v 33545 33544 2025-06-25T07:45:17Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33545 wikitext text/x-wiki == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Tshwane_University_of_Technology</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == tg4rkofhshlpjz71bzgxr4bkktbvm0d 33546 33545 2025-06-25T07:45:40Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33546 wikitext text/x-wiki == thekenoloji == == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == 7m4pdmu83oj1b2al62vlh36zrqrgual 33547 33546 2025-06-25T07:45:49Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33547 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == brt936sf2zf9wzr9du440kq695v2g7t 33548 33547 2025-06-25T07:45:58Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33548 wikitext text/x-wiki == tsebahalang == == Mehlodi == tanbpqqxswtofdu1w2fyb6lmhpzl3lw 33549 33548 2025-06-25T07:46:07Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33549 wikitext text/x-wiki == Mehlodi == 3ver5yd4fn5c4ntfhlwa4lrewrg7mck 33550 33549 2025-06-25T07:46:16Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Blanked the page 33550 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 9872 33552 33464 2025-06-25T07:51:39Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hector Pieterson Memorial, Soweto.jpg|thumb|sehopotso sa merusu ya Soweto]] '''Phetohelo ya Soweto''', hape e tsebahalang ka merusu ya Soweto e ne e le letoto la boipelaetso le boipelaetso bo neng bo etelletswe pele ke Bana ba sekolo ba batho batsho naheng ya Afrika Borwa nakong ya mmuso wa kgatello kapa kgethollo ya merabe e ileng ya qala hoseng ka letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575204.stm</ref> Baithuti ba ne ba tswa dikolong tse fapaneng ba ile ba qala ho ipelaetsa mmileng ya motse wa [[Soweto]] moo ba neng ba arabela ka ho kenngwa leleme la [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]], e ne e nkwa ke batho ba bangata ba batsho e le "puo yaa bahatelli", e le mokhwa wa ho ruta dikolong tsa batho ba batsho esebediswa jwalonka puo eka pele dithutong .<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/article/youth-struggle</ref>Baithuti ba ka bang dikete tse mashome a mabedi ho utlwahala ba ile ba nka karolo mohwantong. Ba ile ba kopana le maponesa a sehlooho moo bongata ba baithuti ba ileng ba kopana le dikulo ba thunya leho bolawa. Palo hare ya baithuti ba bolailweng morusung wa Soweto e ballwa ho lekgolo le mashome a supileng le metso e tsheletseng mme mehlodi e meng yona e re dipalo palo di ka ballwa ho makgolo a supileng.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/student-uprising-soweto-riots-part-1-43425</ref>Diketsahalo tsena di bile karolo ya bohlokwa ntweng ho ya ho lwantsha kgethollo ya merabe kaha di ile tsa tsosa kganyetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe Afrika Borwa ka bobedi naheng ya Aforika Borwa le matjhabeng. Ho hopoleng ketsahalo tsa letsatsi leo ,16 Phuptjane ke letsatsi la phomolo naheng ya Aforika Borwa ,mme le bitswa Tsatsi la batjha Matjhabeng , Letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane le tsebahala e le Letsatsi la Batjha la Afrika (DAC) .<ref>https://www.acerwc.africa/en/page/about-day-african-child</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/gabon/en/press-releases/day-african-child-demonstrates-importance-defending-childrens-rights-digital-space</ref> == Sesosa == [[File:DurbanSign1989.jpg|thumb|senepe sa puo tsa kgethollo]] Baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Aforika Borwa sa batho ba batsho Soweto ba ile ba ipelaetsa kgahlanong le Molao wa [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]] Medium wa selemo sa 1974, o ileng wa qobella dikolo tsohle tsa batho ba batsho ho sebelisa Afrikaans le Senyesemane ka mokhwa o lekanang e le dipuo tse ka pele pele thutong.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref>Ho amahangwa ha Afrikaans le kgethollo ya merabe ho ile ha etsa hore batho ba batsho ba naheng ya Aforika Borwa ba kgethe Senyesemane. E ka sita le Bantustan ba ile ba kgetha Senyesemane le puo tse ding tsa Aforika Borwa e le puo tsa semmuso.Taelo ya molao wa 1974 o ne o reretswe ho qobella ho se kaba le ho fokotseha ha Seafrikanse ka hara batho ba batsho ba Afrika. Mmuso o neng o buswa ke Maafrikanere o ile wa sebedisa polelwana ya Molao wa Union of South Africa wa selemo sa 1909 o neng o amohela Senyesemane le Madache feela, mme wa ho qetela wa nkelwa sebaka ke Afrikaans ka 1925, e le dipuo tsa molao e le boikaketsi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906111057/http://www.praesa.org.za/files/2012/07/Paper14.pdf</ref>Dikolo tsohle di ile tsa tlameha ho fana ka thuto ka Seafrikanse le Senyesemane e le dipuo, empa baithuti ba batho ba basweu ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ithuta dithuto tse ding ka puo ya bona ya lapeng eleng afrikaanse. Motsamaisi wa Lebatowa wa Thuto ya Bantu (Lebatowa la Transvaal Leboya), J.G. Erasmus, o ile a bolella Bahlahlobi ba dikolo le Baetapele ba dikolo hore ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekgong 1975, Se-afrikanse se ne se tlameha ho sebediswa bakeng sa thuto ya dipalo le thuto ya kahisano ho tloha sehlopheng sa bohlano (grade 7), ho latela Afrikaans Medium Decree. Senyesemane e ne e tla ba mokgwa wa ho ruta dithuto tse akaretsang tsa saense le tse sebetsang (ho etsa mosebetsi wa lapeng, ho loha, betla ka mapolanka, mosebetsi wa tshepe, bonono, saense ya tsa temo).<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Dipuo tsa matswallwa a naha di ne di tla sebediswa feela bakeng sa thuto ya bodumedi, mmino le ka setso. Taelo eo e ile ya halefisa batho ba batsho haholo. [[Desmond Tutu]], mobishopo wa Basotho, o boletse hore Se-afrikanse e ne e le “puo ya mohatelli.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Punt Janson, Motlatsi wa Letona la Bantu Education, o ile a qotswa a re: "Monna e motsho a ka kwetlisetswa ho sebetsa polasing kapa fekethering. A ka sebeletsa mohiri ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse, mme monna ya lokelang ho mo fa ditaelo e ka ba ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse. Ke hobaneng ha re sa lokela ho qala ho qabana le batho ba batsho? mme ha ke tlo buisana le bona.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Ho fetoha ha puo ya taelo ho ile ha qobella barutwana ho tsepamisa mohopolo tabeng ya ho utlwisisa puo, ho ena le boitsebiso ba thuto. Seo se ile sa etsa hore tlhahlobo e tebileng ya ditaba e be thata mme ya nyahamisa monahano o tebileng.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Sekgopi se ile sa hola ho fihlela ka la 30 Mmesa 1976, ha bana ba Orlando West Junior School Soweto ba kena seteraekeng mme ba hana ho kena sekolo. Borabele ba bona bo ile ba namela dikolong tse ding tse ngata Soweto. Baithuti ba Batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ipelaetsa hobane ba ne ba dumela hore ba lokelwa ke ho tshwarwa le ho rutwa jwaloka makgowa a Aforika Borwa. Hape, ke batho ba fokolang haholo ba buang Se-afrikanse Soweto. Moithuti ya tswang Sekolong se Phahameng sa Morris Isaacson, Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, o sisintse kopano ka la 13 Phuptjane 1976 ho buisana ka se lokelang ho etswa. Baithuti ba thehile Komiti ya Tshebetso, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsejwa e le Lekgotla la Baemedi ba Baithuti ba Soweto,<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> e ileng ya hlophisa mokoloko wa baithuti ka bongata bakeng sa la 16 Phuptjane ho etsa hore sello sa bona se utlwuwe.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> == Merusu == Hoseng ka di 16 Phuptjane 1976, baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba pakeng tsa 3,000 le 20,000<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/rabblerouserforp00john</ref> ba ile ba tsamaya ho tloha dikolong tsa bona ho ya Orlando Stadium bakeng sa mokoloko wa boipelaetso ba ho ithuta Se-afrikanse sekolong. Baithuti ba bangata bao hamorao ba ileng ba kopanela boipelaetsong ba ile ba fihla dikolong hoseng hoo ba sa tsebe letho ka boipelaetso boo empa ba dumela ho kenella. Boipelaetso bona bo ne bo rerilwe ke Komiti ya Tshebetso ya Lekhotla la Baithuti ba Soweto (SSRC) ka tshehetso ya Black Consciousness Movement e pharaletseng.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033714/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2006/06/19safrica.html</ref> Matitjhere a Soweto le ona a tsheheditse mohwanto ka mora hore Komiti ya Tshebetso e hatise boitshwaro bo botle le diketso tsa kgotso.Tsietsi Mashinini o ile a etella pele baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Morris Isaacson ho ikopanya le ba bang ba tsamaileng sekolong se phahameng sa Naledi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060614021718/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm</ref>Baithuti ba ile ba qala mohwanto, empa ba ile ba fumana hore mapolesa a ne a thibile tsela,tseleng eo ba neng ba rerile ho e tsamaya. Moetapele wa komiti ya tshebetso o ile a kopa letshwele hore le se ke la qholotsa mapolesa, mme mohwanto o ile wa tswela pele ka tsela e nngwe mme qetellong o ile wa fella haufi le Orlando High School.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061007144442/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/may/may23_mputhistreet.stm</ref> Letshwele la baithuti le pakeng tsa 3,000 le 10,000 le ile la leba sebakeng sa sekolo.Barutwana ba ne ba bina le ho tsoka dipolakate tse nang le mapetjo a kang, “Down with Afrikaans”, “Viva Azania” le “Haeyba re tlameha ho etsa Se-afrikanse, Vorster o tlameha ho etsa Sezulu”.Mapolesa a ile a beha ntja ya ona e kwetlisitsweng ho baipelaetsi, ba ileng ba arabela ka ho e bolaya. Jwale mapolesa a ile a qala ho thunya bauthuti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308053144/http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Hector Pieterson's Grave, Avalon Cemetery, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Lebitla la Hector]] Hara baithuti ba pele ba ileng ba thunngwa ke Hastings Ndlovu ya dilemo di 15 le Hector Pieterson ya dilemo tse 12, ba ileng ba thunngwa Sekolong se Phahameng sa Orlando West.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Raditshwantsho Sam Nzima o ile a nka senepe sa Hector Pieterson ya neng a shwa ha a ne a nkuwa ke Mbuyisa Makhubo mme a felehetswa ke kgaitsedi ya hae, Antoinette Peterson, e ileng ya fetoha letshwao la merusu ya Soweto. Ditlhaselo tsa mapolesa ho baipelaetsi di ile tsa tswela pele, mme batho ba 23 ba ile ba hlokahala ka letsatsi la pele merusung ya Soweto. Hara bona ho ne ho ena le Melville Edelstein, eo e neng e le setsebi sa kahisano le thuto mme a nehetse boiteko ba hae mererong ya diphallelo le tsa boiketlo ba setjhaba sa Soweto. A sebetsa e le Motlatsi wa Ofisiri e ka Sehloohong ya Boiketlo, Edelstein o ile a theha merero e mengata e reretsweng ho thusa batjha, ba nang le bokowa, ba futsanehileng, le baahi ba sotlehileng ka hare ho Soweto. O ile a tlepetswa ka majwe ke mokgopi mme a sala a ena le letshwao molaleng la hae le reng, “Hlokomela Se-afrikanse ke sethethefatsi se kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bokamoso ba rona”. Tlhekefetso e ile ya mpefala, kaha diholo tsa jwala le diholo tsa dibiri, tse bonwang e le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso wa Kgatello, di ne di tobane le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso. Merusu e ile a kokobela bosiu. Dikoloi tsa mapolesa le dikoloi tse hlometseng tsamaya diterateng bosiu bohle.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877058-35-6</ref> Ditliliniki tsa maemo a tshohanyetso di ne di tletse bana ba lemetseng le ba nang le madi. Maponesa a ile a kopa hore sepetlele se fane ka lenane la bohle ba nang le maqeba a dikulo ho ba qosa bakeng sa merusu. <ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref>Mookamedi wa sepetlele o ile a fetisetsa kopo eo ho dingaka, empa dingaka di ile tsa hana ho etsa lenane leo. Dingaka di ile tsa tlaleha maqeba a dikulo e le bokgopo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto_uprising#cite_note-sahistory-14</ref><ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Maponesa a hlometseng a 1,500 a ile a romellwa Soweto ka la 17 Phuptjane a nkile dihlomo, ho kenyeletswa dithunya tse itshebetsang, dithunya le dikhabone.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Ba ile ba pota-pota ka dikoloi tse hlometseng tse nang le dirwala-nkgwana tse shebileng sebaka ho tswa hodimo. Sesole sa Aforika Borwa le sona se ile sa laelwa se eme jwalo ka tsela ya ho bontsha tshereletso . Mekgwa ya ho laola bongata ba batho e neng e sebediswa ke mapolesa a Aforika Borwa ka nako eo e ne e kenyelletsa haholo mekgwa ya ho qhalakanya. Makgolo kgolo a batho a ile a tshwarwa , ho kopanyelletswa le mohanyetsi Connie Mofokeng, ya ileng a hlokofatswa bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding.<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/connie-mofokeng</ref> '''Mahlatsipa le ditlamorao''' Palo ya batho ba hlokahetseng hangata e tsebahala e le 176, mme ho hakanngwa hore ke 700. Palo ya pele ya mmuso e boletse hore ke baithuti ba 23 feela ba bolailweng,<ref>https://alansinger.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/apartheidsouthafricaandthesowetorebellion.pdf</ref> ha palo ya ba lemetseng e ka ba batho ba fetang 1,000. Baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba ile ba bolaya maponesa a makgowa a mabedi merusung eo , e mong wa bona e le Melville Edelstein.<ref>http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1996%5C9607/s960723j.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2018-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023160644/http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Dr-Melville-Edelstein-and-South-Africas-1976-Soweto-uprising-459090</ref> Dikgohlano di ile tsa etsahala ha mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ntse o qobellwa ho "fetola" apartheid(mmuso wa kgatello) mahlong a matjhaba ho ya ka mokgwa o bo "bebe". Ka Mphalane 1976, Transkei, Bantustan ya pele, e phatlaladitse bo "ikemelo" ke mmuso. Boiteko boo ba ho bontsha "boitlamo" boo ho thweng ke "Aforika Borwa" ba ho ikemela bo ile ba nyopa, leha ho le jwalo, kaha Transkei e ne e songwa seriti matjhaabeng jwalo ka naha ya dipopae. Ho mmuso, merusu e ile tsebahala e le phephetso eya bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ya mmuso wa kgatello. Ho hloka botsitso moruong le dipolotiking hoo ho bakileng ho ile ha mpefatswa ke ho nyatswa ho matla ke matjhaba. E ne e kaba dilemo tse 14 pele [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokollwa tjhankaneng, empa mmuso o ne o ke ke wa tsosolosa khotso e lekanyeditseng le botsitso setjhabng dilemong tsa pele tsa bo 1970"s, ha kganyetso ya batho ba batsho e ntse e eketseha. Mekgatlo ya tokoloho e neng e fokodisitswe kapa e lelekilwe naheng e ile ya fumana matla a matjha ha letshwele le thaothelang ho kena sesoleng. Batho ba bangata ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba halefisitswe ke diketso tsa mmuso Soweto. Letsatsi ka mora polao, baithuti ba makgowa ba ka bang 400 ba tswang Univesithing ya Witwatersrand ba ile ba hwanta ho potoloha le toropo ya Johannesburg ho ipelaetsa ka polao ya bana. <ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/year-fire-year-ash-soweto-revolt-roots-revolution-baruch-hirson</ref>Basebetsi ba batho ba batsho le bona ba ile ba kena seteraekeng mme ba ikopanya le bona ha letsholo le ntse le tswela pele. Ho ile ha boela ha qhoma merusu le makeisheneng a batho ba batsho metseng e meng naheng ya Aforika Borwa. Mekhatlo ya baithuti e ile ya lebisa matla le kgalefo ya batjha ho kganyetso ya dipolotiki. Baithuti ba Thembisa ba ile ba hlophisa mohwanto o atlehileng o se nang dikgoka, empa boipelaetso bo tshwanang bo neng bo tshwaretswe Kagiso bo ile ba lebisa hore mapolesa a emise sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba le mohwantong, a ba qobella ho kgutlela morao, le ho bolaya bonyane batho ba bahlano ha ho ntse ho emetswe ho thuswa. merusu e ile ya fela ka la 18 Phuptjane.Direkoto le meaho ya tsamaiso ya Univesithi yaa Zululand di ile tsa tjheswa, mme batho ba 33 ba ile ba hlokahala merusung ya [[Port Elizabeth]] ka Phato. Cape Town, batho ba 92 ba ile ba hlokahala pakeng tsa kgwedi ya Phato le Lwetse. Bongata ba tshollo ya madi bo ne bo fokotsehile bofelong ba 1976, ha lenane la ba hlohaketseng le ne le le ka hodimo ho 600. Dikgohlano tse neng di tswelang pele Soweto di ile tsa a baka tsitsipano ho moruo. Ranta ya Aforika Borwa e ile ya hloka boleng ba teng , mme mmuso wa eba mathateng. [[African National Congress]] e ile ya hatisa le ho aba dipampitshana tse nang le lepetjo le reng "Free Mandela, Hang Vorster". Hang-hang e ile ya amahanya taba ya puo le lefa la yona la phetoho le lenaneo mme ya thusa ho theha karolo ya yona e ka sehloohong. (Sheba "Selemo sa Mollo, Selemo sa Ash", sa Baruch Hirson, bakeng sa dipuisano tsa bokgoni ba ANC ba ho tsamaisa kgalefo e tsebahalang.) Sehopotso le Musiamo wa Hector Pieterson di ile tsa bulwa Soweto ka selemo sa 2002, haufi le moo Hector ya neng ale dilemo di 12 a ileng a thunngwa ka la 16 Phuptjane 1976. <ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know? https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know?]</ref> '''Maikutlo a matjhaba''' Lekhotla la Tshireletso la Matjhaba a Kopaneng le pasisitse Qeto ya 392, e ileng ya nyatsa ka matla ketsahalo ena le mmuso wa kgatello.<ref>http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/392</ref> Beke ka moraa hore merusu e qale, Mongoli wa Naha wa United States Henry Kissinger o ile a kopana le Mopresidente wa Naha ya Aforika Borwa Vorster naheng ya Jeremane Bophirimela ho buisana ka boemo ba Rhodesia, empa moferefere ya Soweto ha ya ka ya hlahella dipuisanong.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=EpH4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804793858</ref>Kissinger le Vorster ba kopane hape Pretoria ka Lwetse 1976, le baithuti ba Soweto le dibakeng tse ding moo ba ipelaetsa ka ketelo ya hae le ho lelekwa ke maponesa.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19760918&id=tyBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6309,975130&hl=en</ref> '''Polao ya 1986''' Bosiung ba la 26 Phato 1986, maponesa a ile a thunya pontshong ya White City. Ba ile ba bolaya batho ba pakeng tsa 20 le 25, mohlomong ba fetang 60, mme ba ntsha kotsi ba ka hodimo ho 60. Mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ile wa bolela ka molao hore ho hlohaketse batho ba 11 empa hamorao ya palo nyolosetsa ho 12. Lefapha la ditaba la Aforika Borwa le boletse hore maponesa a ile a thunya ka makgetlo a mabedi, ka mora hore qhomane e akgelwe mme ya lematsa maponesa a mane. Baahi ba boletse hore ntwa e qalile ha di ofisiri tsa sebaka seo di ne di batla ho leleka bahiri ba neng ba hana ho lefa rente ka dikgwedi tse pedi e le karolo ya boipelaetso bo bongata. Mabotho a tshireletso ho boleloa hore qalong a ile a sebedisa kgase e llisang ho qhalanya matshwele. Hamorao, moahi e mong o ile a letsetsa moqolotsi wa ditaba ho re, "Maponesa a thunya ka ho le letshehadi le ka ho le letona. Ba qeta ho thunya monna-moholo. Ba thunya bohle, ntho e nngwe le e nngwe ".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/27/world/11-reported-slain-and-62-wounded-in-soweto-battle.html</ref> Moetapele wa UDF Frank Chikane o hlalositse diketso tsa maponesa "jwalokaha eka di kena sebakeng sa dira, dithunya di ntse di tuka." Letona la Tlhahisoleseding Louis Nel hamorao o ile a nyatswa ha a bua sebokeng sa boraditaba, "Ho se ke ha eba le ho se utlwisisane mabapi le taba ya sebele e kotsing. Ha se taba ya khiriso, ha se boteng ba mabotho a tshireletso dibakeng tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho, ha se matsatsi a itseng a kgopotso, hase mananeo a sekolo. Ho ketolwa ka mabifi ha naha ya Aforika Borwa ke yona taba."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAEFsz6PAM</ref> E le ho iphetetsa, lekhanselara la toropo la motho e motsho le ile la bolawa letsatsi le hlahlamang, la bolawa ke setjhaba. Ka la 4 Lwetse, mapolesa a ile a tshela khase e llisang lebaleng le neng le tletse ho emisa lepato le leholo la batho ba neng ba bolaiwe ka bo bangata, a fiela Soweto le ho tlosa ditshebeletso tse ding tse neng di tshwerwe, ho kenyeletsa e neng e tshwaretswe Regina Mundi Roman Catholic, moo dintho tsa kgase e llisang di ileng tsa akgelwa ka beseng e nang le batho ba tlileng mokgohlaneng. Tshebeletso e neng e tshwaretswe Avalon Cemetery eo ho tlalehilweng hore dikete-kete di bokane ho yona e ile ya qhalakanngwa ka khase e llisang le dikoloi tse hlometseng. Ho ile ha tlalehwa hore kgase e llisang e nngwe e ne e theoha hodimo ho tswa serwala-nkgwana ho qhalanya letshwele le neng le bokane mabitleng.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/13f42abb6e4ecedd927dd1b1d2d68ec5</ref> == Metjheng ya ditaba == Ditshwantso tsa merusu di ile tsa tlala lefatsheng lohle mme tsa tshosa batho ba dimilione. Senepe sa setopo sa Hector Pieterson, jwalokaha se nkilwe ke raditshwantsho Sam Nzima, se ile sa baka kgalefo le ho theola lenyatso matjhaba kgahlanong le mmuso wa kgethollo. Merusu ya Soweto e ile ya bontshwa filiming ya 1987 ke motsamaisi Richard Attenborough, Cry Freedom le filiming ya mmino ya 1992 Sarafina! le motlhahisi wa mmino wa lebitso le tshwanang ka Mbongeni Ngema. Merusu e boetse e khothaleditswe buka ya A Dry White Season ka Andre Brink le filiming ya 1989 ya sehlooho se tshwanang. Merusu ena e boetse e hlahile filiming ya 2003 ya Stander e buang ka leshodu le tummeng hampe la banka le mokapotene wa mehleng wa seponesa Andre Stander. Mantswe a pina ya "Soweto Blues" ya Hugh Masekela le Miriam Makeba a hlalosa Merusu ya Soweto le karolo ya bana ho yona. '''Seya-le-moya''' Ka Phuptjane 1996, Ulwazi Educational Radio Project ya Johannesburg e ile ya hlophisa tshwantshiso ya seya-le-moya e nkang hora, dilemo tse 20 ka mora merusu e neng e bontsha diketsahalo tsa 16 Phuptjane ho ya ka pono ya batho ba neng ba dula Soweto ka nako eo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2514000/2514467.stm</ref> Bongata ba baithuti ba neng ba rera kapa ba kenela merusu, mmoho le dipaki tse ding, ba nkile karolo, ho kenyeletswa raditshwantsho Peter Magubane, motlalehi Sophie Tema le Tim Wilson, ngaka ya lekgowa e boletseng hore Pieterson o hlokahalletse Sepetleleng sa Baragwanath. Lenaneo le ile la haswa ho SABC le diya-le-moya tsa selehae ho phatlalla le Aforika Borwa. Selemong se latelang, BBC Radio 4 le BBC World Service di ile tsa phatlalatsa phetolelo e ntjhafaditsweng e nang le dipuisano tse ntjha, The Day Apartheid Shoed.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5085450.stm</ref> Lenaneo le bile boemong ba bobedi dikgaung tsa 1998 tsa European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) TV & Radio Awards hape le dikgaung tsa Media tsa 1998 tsa One World International Broadcasting Trust mme le ile la babatswa haholo dikgaung tsa seya-le-moya tsa 1998 tsa Prix Italia. Ka Motsheanong 1999, e ile ya phatlalatswa hape ke BBC Radio 4 e le The Death of Apartheid ka kenyelletso e ntjha e faneng ka moelelo o eketsehileng wa histori bakeng sa bamamedi ba Borithane ke Anthony Sampson, mohlophisi wa mehleng wa Drum magazine le mongodi wa biography e dumelletsweng (1999) ya Nelson Mandela. Sampson o ile a amahanya dintlha tse tswang ho BBC Sound Archive tse ileng tsa rala ntwa ya nako e telele kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe ya Sharpeville ya 1960 le merusu ya 1976 le polao ya Steve Biko ho fihlela Mandela a lokollwa tjhankanneng ka 1990 le puo ya mopresidente wa kamoso moo a ileng a amohela molato o kolotwang ke baithuti bohle ba Soweto ba 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Merusu ya 1976]] [[Category:Aforika Borwa ka 1976]] [[Category:Soweto]] [[Category:Dipolao tsa 1976]] [[Category:Sehloho sa 1976]] dd8izd7c4pulre50mspvw295ziw0qyt 33553 33552 2025-06-25T07:52:08Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33553 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hector Pieterson Memorial, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Sehopotso sa merusu ya Soweto]] '''Phetohelo ya Soweto''', hape e tsebahalang ka merusu ya Soweto e ne e le letoto la boipelaetso le boipelaetso bo neng bo etelletswe pele ke Bana ba sekolo ba batho batsho naheng ya Afrika Borwa nakong ya mmuso wa kgatello kapa kgethollo ya merabe e ileng ya qala hoseng ka letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575204.stm</ref> Baithuti ba ne ba tswa dikolong tse fapaneng ba ile ba qala ho ipelaetsa mmileng ya motse wa [[Soweto]] moo ba neng ba arabela ka ho kenngwa leleme la [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]], e ne e nkwa ke batho ba bangata ba batsho e le "puo yaa bahatelli", e le mokhwa wa ho ruta dikolong tsa batho ba batsho esebediswa jwalonka puo eka pele dithutong .<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/article/youth-struggle</ref>Baithuti ba ka bang dikete tse mashome a mabedi ho utlwahala ba ile ba nka karolo mohwantong. Ba ile ba kopana le maponesa a sehlooho moo bongata ba baithuti ba ileng ba kopana le dikulo ba thunya leho bolawa. Palo hare ya baithuti ba bolailweng morusung wa Soweto e ballwa ho lekgolo le mashome a supileng le metso e tsheletseng mme mehlodi e meng yona e re dipalo palo di ka ballwa ho makgolo a supileng.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/student-uprising-soweto-riots-part-1-43425</ref>Diketsahalo tsena di bile karolo ya bohlokwa ntweng ho ya ho lwantsha kgethollo ya merabe kaha di ile tsa tsosa kganyetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe Afrika Borwa ka bobedi naheng ya Aforika Borwa le matjhabeng. Ho hopoleng ketsahalo tsa letsatsi leo ,16 Phuptjane ke letsatsi la phomolo naheng ya Aforika Borwa ,mme le bitswa Tsatsi la batjha Matjhabeng , Letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane le tsebahala e le Letsatsi la Batjha la Afrika (DAC) .<ref>https://www.acerwc.africa/en/page/about-day-african-child</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/gabon/en/press-releases/day-african-child-demonstrates-importance-defending-childrens-rights-digital-space</ref> == Sesosa == [[File:DurbanSign1989.jpg|thumb|senepe sa puo tsa kgethollo]] Baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Aforika Borwa sa batho ba batsho Soweto ba ile ba ipelaetsa kgahlanong le Molao wa [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]] Medium wa selemo sa 1974, o ileng wa qobella dikolo tsohle tsa batho ba batsho ho sebelisa Afrikaans le Senyesemane ka mokhwa o lekanang e le dipuo tse ka pele pele thutong.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref>Ho amahangwa ha Afrikaans le kgethollo ya merabe ho ile ha etsa hore batho ba batsho ba naheng ya Aforika Borwa ba kgethe Senyesemane. E ka sita le Bantustan ba ile ba kgetha Senyesemane le puo tse ding tsa Aforika Borwa e le puo tsa semmuso.Taelo ya molao wa 1974 o ne o reretswe ho qobella ho se kaba le ho fokotseha ha Seafrikanse ka hara batho ba batsho ba Afrika. Mmuso o neng o buswa ke Maafrikanere o ile wa sebedisa polelwana ya Molao wa Union of South Africa wa selemo sa 1909 o neng o amohela Senyesemane le Madache feela, mme wa ho qetela wa nkelwa sebaka ke Afrikaans ka 1925, e le dipuo tsa molao e le boikaketsi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906111057/http://www.praesa.org.za/files/2012/07/Paper14.pdf</ref>Dikolo tsohle di ile tsa tlameha ho fana ka thuto ka Seafrikanse le Senyesemane e le dipuo, empa baithuti ba batho ba basweu ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ithuta dithuto tse ding ka puo ya bona ya lapeng eleng afrikaanse. Motsamaisi wa Lebatowa wa Thuto ya Bantu (Lebatowa la Transvaal Leboya), J.G. Erasmus, o ile a bolella Bahlahlobi ba dikolo le Baetapele ba dikolo hore ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekgong 1975, Se-afrikanse se ne se tlameha ho sebediswa bakeng sa thuto ya dipalo le thuto ya kahisano ho tloha sehlopheng sa bohlano (grade 7), ho latela Afrikaans Medium Decree. Senyesemane e ne e tla ba mokgwa wa ho ruta dithuto tse akaretsang tsa saense le tse sebetsang (ho etsa mosebetsi wa lapeng, ho loha, betla ka mapolanka, mosebetsi wa tshepe, bonono, saense ya tsa temo).<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Dipuo tsa matswallwa a naha di ne di tla sebediswa feela bakeng sa thuto ya bodumedi, mmino le ka setso. Taelo eo e ile ya halefisa batho ba batsho haholo. [[Desmond Tutu]], mobishopo wa Basotho, o boletse hore Se-afrikanse e ne e le “puo ya mohatelli.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Punt Janson, Motlatsi wa Letona la Bantu Education, o ile a qotswa a re: "Monna e motsho a ka kwetlisetswa ho sebetsa polasing kapa fekethering. A ka sebeletsa mohiri ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse, mme monna ya lokelang ho mo fa ditaelo e ka ba ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse. Ke hobaneng ha re sa lokela ho qala ho qabana le batho ba batsho? mme ha ke tlo buisana le bona.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Ho fetoha ha puo ya taelo ho ile ha qobella barutwana ho tsepamisa mohopolo tabeng ya ho utlwisisa puo, ho ena le boitsebiso ba thuto. Seo se ile sa etsa hore tlhahlobo e tebileng ya ditaba e be thata mme ya nyahamisa monahano o tebileng.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Sekgopi se ile sa hola ho fihlela ka la 30 Mmesa 1976, ha bana ba Orlando West Junior School Soweto ba kena seteraekeng mme ba hana ho kena sekolo. Borabele ba bona bo ile ba namela dikolong tse ding tse ngata Soweto. Baithuti ba Batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ipelaetsa hobane ba ne ba dumela hore ba lokelwa ke ho tshwarwa le ho rutwa jwaloka makgowa a Aforika Borwa. Hape, ke batho ba fokolang haholo ba buang Se-afrikanse Soweto. Moithuti ya tswang Sekolong se Phahameng sa Morris Isaacson, Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, o sisintse kopano ka la 13 Phuptjane 1976 ho buisana ka se lokelang ho etswa. Baithuti ba thehile Komiti ya Tshebetso, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsejwa e le Lekgotla la Baemedi ba Baithuti ba Soweto,<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> e ileng ya hlophisa mokoloko wa baithuti ka bongata bakeng sa la 16 Phuptjane ho etsa hore sello sa bona se utlwuwe.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> == Merusu == Hoseng ka di 16 Phuptjane 1976, baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba pakeng tsa 3,000 le 20,000<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/rabblerouserforp00john</ref> ba ile ba tsamaya ho tloha dikolong tsa bona ho ya Orlando Stadium bakeng sa mokoloko wa boipelaetso ba ho ithuta Se-afrikanse sekolong. Baithuti ba bangata bao hamorao ba ileng ba kopanela boipelaetsong ba ile ba fihla dikolong hoseng hoo ba sa tsebe letho ka boipelaetso boo empa ba dumela ho kenella. Boipelaetso bona bo ne bo rerilwe ke Komiti ya Tshebetso ya Lekhotla la Baithuti ba Soweto (SSRC) ka tshehetso ya Black Consciousness Movement e pharaletseng.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033714/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2006/06/19safrica.html</ref> Matitjhere a Soweto le ona a tsheheditse mohwanto ka mora hore Komiti ya Tshebetso e hatise boitshwaro bo botle le diketso tsa kgotso.Tsietsi Mashinini o ile a etella pele baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Morris Isaacson ho ikopanya le ba bang ba tsamaileng sekolong se phahameng sa Naledi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060614021718/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm</ref>Baithuti ba ile ba qala mohwanto, empa ba ile ba fumana hore mapolesa a ne a thibile tsela,tseleng eo ba neng ba rerile ho e tsamaya. Moetapele wa komiti ya tshebetso o ile a kopa letshwele hore le se ke la qholotsa mapolesa, mme mohwanto o ile wa tswela pele ka tsela e nngwe mme qetellong o ile wa fella haufi le Orlando High School.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061007144442/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/may/may23_mputhistreet.stm</ref> Letshwele la baithuti le pakeng tsa 3,000 le 10,000 le ile la leba sebakeng sa sekolo.Barutwana ba ne ba bina le ho tsoka dipolakate tse nang le mapetjo a kang, “Down with Afrikaans”, “Viva Azania” le “Haeyba re tlameha ho etsa Se-afrikanse, Vorster o tlameha ho etsa Sezulu”.Mapolesa a ile a beha ntja ya ona e kwetlisitsweng ho baipelaetsi, ba ileng ba arabela ka ho e bolaya. Jwale mapolesa a ile a qala ho thunya bauthuti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308053144/http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Hector Pieterson's Grave, Avalon Cemetery, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Lebitla la Hector]] Hara baithuti ba pele ba ileng ba thunngwa ke Hastings Ndlovu ya dilemo di 15 le Hector Pieterson ya dilemo tse 12, ba ileng ba thunngwa Sekolong se Phahameng sa Orlando West.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Raditshwantsho Sam Nzima o ile a nka senepe sa Hector Pieterson ya neng a shwa ha a ne a nkuwa ke Mbuyisa Makhubo mme a felehetswa ke kgaitsedi ya hae, Antoinette Peterson, e ileng ya fetoha letshwao la merusu ya Soweto. Ditlhaselo tsa mapolesa ho baipelaetsi di ile tsa tswela pele, mme batho ba 23 ba ile ba hlokahala ka letsatsi la pele merusung ya Soweto. Hara bona ho ne ho ena le Melville Edelstein, eo e neng e le setsebi sa kahisano le thuto mme a nehetse boiteko ba hae mererong ya diphallelo le tsa boiketlo ba setjhaba sa Soweto. A sebetsa e le Motlatsi wa Ofisiri e ka Sehloohong ya Boiketlo, Edelstein o ile a theha merero e mengata e reretsweng ho thusa batjha, ba nang le bokowa, ba futsanehileng, le baahi ba sotlehileng ka hare ho Soweto. O ile a tlepetswa ka majwe ke mokgopi mme a sala a ena le letshwao molaleng la hae le reng, “Hlokomela Se-afrikanse ke sethethefatsi se kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bokamoso ba rona”. Tlhekefetso e ile ya mpefala, kaha diholo tsa jwala le diholo tsa dibiri, tse bonwang e le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso wa Kgatello, di ne di tobane le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso. Merusu e ile a kokobela bosiu. Dikoloi tsa mapolesa le dikoloi tse hlometseng tsamaya diterateng bosiu bohle.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877058-35-6</ref> Ditliliniki tsa maemo a tshohanyetso di ne di tletse bana ba lemetseng le ba nang le madi. Maponesa a ile a kopa hore sepetlele se fane ka lenane la bohle ba nang le maqeba a dikulo ho ba qosa bakeng sa merusu. <ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref>Mookamedi wa sepetlele o ile a fetisetsa kopo eo ho dingaka, empa dingaka di ile tsa hana ho etsa lenane leo. Dingaka di ile tsa tlaleha maqeba a dikulo e le bokgopo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto_uprising#cite_note-sahistory-14</ref><ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Maponesa a hlometseng a 1,500 a ile a romellwa Soweto ka la 17 Phuptjane a nkile dihlomo, ho kenyeletswa dithunya tse itshebetsang, dithunya le dikhabone.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Ba ile ba pota-pota ka dikoloi tse hlometseng tse nang le dirwala-nkgwana tse shebileng sebaka ho tswa hodimo. Sesole sa Aforika Borwa le sona se ile sa laelwa se eme jwalo ka tsela ya ho bontsha tshereletso . Mekgwa ya ho laola bongata ba batho e neng e sebediswa ke mapolesa a Aforika Borwa ka nako eo e ne e kenyelletsa haholo mekgwa ya ho qhalakanya. Makgolo kgolo a batho a ile a tshwarwa , ho kopanyelletswa le mohanyetsi Connie Mofokeng, ya ileng a hlokofatswa bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding.<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/connie-mofokeng</ref> '''Mahlatsipa le ditlamorao''' Palo ya batho ba hlokahetseng hangata e tsebahala e le 176, mme ho hakanngwa hore ke 700. Palo ya pele ya mmuso e boletse hore ke baithuti ba 23 feela ba bolailweng,<ref>https://alansinger.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/apartheidsouthafricaandthesowetorebellion.pdf</ref> ha palo ya ba lemetseng e ka ba batho ba fetang 1,000. Baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba ile ba bolaya maponesa a makgowa a mabedi merusung eo , e mong wa bona e le Melville Edelstein.<ref>http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1996%5C9607/s960723j.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2018-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023160644/http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Dr-Melville-Edelstein-and-South-Africas-1976-Soweto-uprising-459090</ref> Dikgohlano di ile tsa etsahala ha mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ntse o qobellwa ho "fetola" apartheid(mmuso wa kgatello) mahlong a matjhaba ho ya ka mokgwa o bo "bebe". Ka Mphalane 1976, Transkei, Bantustan ya pele, e phatlaladitse bo "ikemelo" ke mmuso. Boiteko boo ba ho bontsha "boitlamo" boo ho thweng ke "Aforika Borwa" ba ho ikemela bo ile ba nyopa, leha ho le jwalo, kaha Transkei e ne e songwa seriti matjhaabeng jwalo ka naha ya dipopae. Ho mmuso, merusu e ile tsebahala e le phephetso eya bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ya mmuso wa kgatello. Ho hloka botsitso moruong le dipolotiking hoo ho bakileng ho ile ha mpefatswa ke ho nyatswa ho matla ke matjhaba. E ne e kaba dilemo tse 14 pele [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokollwa tjhankaneng, empa mmuso o ne o ke ke wa tsosolosa khotso e lekanyeditseng le botsitso setjhabng dilemong tsa pele tsa bo 1970"s, ha kganyetso ya batho ba batsho e ntse e eketseha. Mekgatlo ya tokoloho e neng e fokodisitswe kapa e lelekilwe naheng e ile ya fumana matla a matjha ha letshwele le thaothelang ho kena sesoleng. Batho ba bangata ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba halefisitswe ke diketso tsa mmuso Soweto. Letsatsi ka mora polao, baithuti ba makgowa ba ka bang 400 ba tswang Univesithing ya Witwatersrand ba ile ba hwanta ho potoloha le toropo ya Johannesburg ho ipelaetsa ka polao ya bana. <ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/year-fire-year-ash-soweto-revolt-roots-revolution-baruch-hirson</ref>Basebetsi ba batho ba batsho le bona ba ile ba kena seteraekeng mme ba ikopanya le bona ha letsholo le ntse le tswela pele. Ho ile ha boela ha qhoma merusu le makeisheneng a batho ba batsho metseng e meng naheng ya Aforika Borwa. Mekhatlo ya baithuti e ile ya lebisa matla le kgalefo ya batjha ho kganyetso ya dipolotiki. Baithuti ba Thembisa ba ile ba hlophisa mohwanto o atlehileng o se nang dikgoka, empa boipelaetso bo tshwanang bo neng bo tshwaretswe Kagiso bo ile ba lebisa hore mapolesa a emise sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba le mohwantong, a ba qobella ho kgutlela morao, le ho bolaya bonyane batho ba bahlano ha ho ntse ho emetswe ho thuswa. merusu e ile ya fela ka la 18 Phuptjane.Direkoto le meaho ya tsamaiso ya Univesithi yaa Zululand di ile tsa tjheswa, mme batho ba 33 ba ile ba hlokahala merusung ya [[Port Elizabeth]] ka Phato. Cape Town, batho ba 92 ba ile ba hlokahala pakeng tsa kgwedi ya Phato le Lwetse. Bongata ba tshollo ya madi bo ne bo fokotsehile bofelong ba 1976, ha lenane la ba hlohaketseng le ne le le ka hodimo ho 600. Dikgohlano tse neng di tswelang pele Soweto di ile tsa a baka tsitsipano ho moruo. Ranta ya Aforika Borwa e ile ya hloka boleng ba teng , mme mmuso wa eba mathateng. [[African National Congress]] e ile ya hatisa le ho aba dipampitshana tse nang le lepetjo le reng "Free Mandela, Hang Vorster". Hang-hang e ile ya amahanya taba ya puo le lefa la yona la phetoho le lenaneo mme ya thusa ho theha karolo ya yona e ka sehloohong. (Sheba "Selemo sa Mollo, Selemo sa Ash", sa Baruch Hirson, bakeng sa dipuisano tsa bokgoni ba ANC ba ho tsamaisa kgalefo e tsebahalang.) Sehopotso le Musiamo wa Hector Pieterson di ile tsa bulwa Soweto ka selemo sa 2002, haufi le moo Hector ya neng ale dilemo di 12 a ileng a thunngwa ka la 16 Phuptjane 1976. <ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know? https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know?]</ref> '''Maikutlo a matjhaba''' Lekhotla la Tshireletso la Matjhaba a Kopaneng le pasisitse Qeto ya 392, e ileng ya nyatsa ka matla ketsahalo ena le mmuso wa kgatello.<ref>http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/392</ref> Beke ka moraa hore merusu e qale, Mongoli wa Naha wa United States Henry Kissinger o ile a kopana le Mopresidente wa Naha ya Aforika Borwa Vorster naheng ya Jeremane Bophirimela ho buisana ka boemo ba Rhodesia, empa moferefere ya Soweto ha ya ka ya hlahella dipuisanong.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=EpH4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804793858</ref>Kissinger le Vorster ba kopane hape Pretoria ka Lwetse 1976, le baithuti ba Soweto le dibakeng tse ding moo ba ipelaetsa ka ketelo ya hae le ho lelekwa ke maponesa.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19760918&id=tyBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6309,975130&hl=en</ref> '''Polao ya 1986''' Bosiung ba la 26 Phato 1986, maponesa a ile a thunya pontshong ya White City. Ba ile ba bolaya batho ba pakeng tsa 20 le 25, mohlomong ba fetang 60, mme ba ntsha kotsi ba ka hodimo ho 60. Mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ile wa bolela ka molao hore ho hlohaketse batho ba 11 empa hamorao ya palo nyolosetsa ho 12. Lefapha la ditaba la Aforika Borwa le boletse hore maponesa a ile a thunya ka makgetlo a mabedi, ka mora hore qhomane e akgelwe mme ya lematsa maponesa a mane. Baahi ba boletse hore ntwa e qalile ha di ofisiri tsa sebaka seo di ne di batla ho leleka bahiri ba neng ba hana ho lefa rente ka dikgwedi tse pedi e le karolo ya boipelaetso bo bongata. Mabotho a tshireletso ho boleloa hore qalong a ile a sebedisa kgase e llisang ho qhalanya matshwele. Hamorao, moahi e mong o ile a letsetsa moqolotsi wa ditaba ho re, "Maponesa a thunya ka ho le letshehadi le ka ho le letona. Ba qeta ho thunya monna-moholo. Ba thunya bohle, ntho e nngwe le e nngwe ".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/27/world/11-reported-slain-and-62-wounded-in-soweto-battle.html</ref> Moetapele wa UDF Frank Chikane o hlalositse diketso tsa maponesa "jwalokaha eka di kena sebakeng sa dira, dithunya di ntse di tuka." Letona la Tlhahisoleseding Louis Nel hamorao o ile a nyatswa ha a bua sebokeng sa boraditaba, "Ho se ke ha eba le ho se utlwisisane mabapi le taba ya sebele e kotsing. Ha se taba ya khiriso, ha se boteng ba mabotho a tshireletso dibakeng tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho, ha se matsatsi a itseng a kgopotso, hase mananeo a sekolo. Ho ketolwa ka mabifi ha naha ya Aforika Borwa ke yona taba."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAEFsz6PAM</ref> E le ho iphetetsa, lekhanselara la toropo la motho e motsho le ile la bolawa letsatsi le hlahlamang, la bolawa ke setjhaba. Ka la 4 Lwetse, mapolesa a ile a tshela khase e llisang lebaleng le neng le tletse ho emisa lepato le leholo la batho ba neng ba bolaiwe ka bo bangata, a fiela Soweto le ho tlosa ditshebeletso tse ding tse neng di tshwerwe, ho kenyeletsa e neng e tshwaretswe Regina Mundi Roman Catholic, moo dintho tsa kgase e llisang di ileng tsa akgelwa ka beseng e nang le batho ba tlileng mokgohlaneng. Tshebeletso e neng e tshwaretswe Avalon Cemetery eo ho tlalehilweng hore dikete-kete di bokane ho yona e ile ya qhalakanngwa ka khase e llisang le dikoloi tse hlometseng. Ho ile ha tlalehwa hore kgase e llisang e nngwe e ne e theoha hodimo ho tswa serwala-nkgwana ho qhalanya letshwele le neng le bokane mabitleng.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/13f42abb6e4ecedd927dd1b1d2d68ec5</ref> == Metjheng ya ditaba == Ditshwantso tsa merusu di ile tsa tlala lefatsheng lohle mme tsa tshosa batho ba dimilione. Senepe sa setopo sa Hector Pieterson, jwalokaha se nkilwe ke raditshwantsho Sam Nzima, se ile sa baka kgalefo le ho theola lenyatso matjhaba kgahlanong le mmuso wa kgethollo. Merusu ya Soweto e ile ya bontshwa filiming ya 1987 ke motsamaisi Richard Attenborough, Cry Freedom le filiming ya mmino ya 1992 Sarafina! le motlhahisi wa mmino wa lebitso le tshwanang ka Mbongeni Ngema. Merusu e boetse e khothaleditswe buka ya A Dry White Season ka Andre Brink le filiming ya 1989 ya sehlooho se tshwanang. Merusu ena e boetse e hlahile filiming ya 2003 ya Stander e buang ka leshodu le tummeng hampe la banka le mokapotene wa mehleng wa seponesa Andre Stander. Mantswe a pina ya "Soweto Blues" ya Hugh Masekela le Miriam Makeba a hlalosa Merusu ya Soweto le karolo ya bana ho yona. '''Seya-le-moya''' Ka Phuptjane 1996, Ulwazi Educational Radio Project ya Johannesburg e ile ya hlophisa tshwantshiso ya seya-le-moya e nkang hora, dilemo tse 20 ka mora merusu e neng e bontsha diketsahalo tsa 16 Phuptjane ho ya ka pono ya batho ba neng ba dula Soweto ka nako eo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2514000/2514467.stm</ref> Bongata ba baithuti ba neng ba rera kapa ba kenela merusu, mmoho le dipaki tse ding, ba nkile karolo, ho kenyeletswa raditshwantsho Peter Magubane, motlalehi Sophie Tema le Tim Wilson, ngaka ya lekgowa e boletseng hore Pieterson o hlokahalletse Sepetleleng sa Baragwanath. Lenaneo le ile la haswa ho SABC le diya-le-moya tsa selehae ho phatlalla le Aforika Borwa. Selemong se latelang, BBC Radio 4 le BBC World Service di ile tsa phatlalatsa phetolelo e ntjhafaditsweng e nang le dipuisano tse ntjha, The Day Apartheid Shoed.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5085450.stm</ref> Lenaneo le bile boemong ba bobedi dikgaung tsa 1998 tsa European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) TV & Radio Awards hape le dikgaung tsa Media tsa 1998 tsa One World International Broadcasting Trust mme le ile la babatswa haholo dikgaung tsa seya-le-moya tsa 1998 tsa Prix Italia. Ka Motsheanong 1999, e ile ya phatlalatswa hape ke BBC Radio 4 e le The Death of Apartheid ka kenyelletso e ntjha e faneng ka moelelo o eketsehileng wa histori bakeng sa bamamedi ba Borithane ke Anthony Sampson, mohlophisi wa mehleng wa Drum magazine le mongodi wa biography e dumelletsweng (1999) ya Nelson Mandela. Sampson o ile a amahanya dintlha tse tswang ho BBC Sound Archive tse ileng tsa rala ntwa ya nako e telele kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe ya Sharpeville ya 1960 le merusu ya 1976 le polao ya Steve Biko ho fihlela Mandela a lokollwa tjhankanneng ka 1990 le puo ya mopresidente wa kamoso moo a ileng a amohela molato o kolotwang ke baithuti bohle ba Soweto ba 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Merusu ya 1976]] [[Category:Aforika Borwa ka 1976]] [[Category:Soweto]] [[Category:Dipolao tsa 1976]] [[Category:Sehloho sa 1976]] 1iw17q6olvke9w1zesy7isdqsm1xkew 33554 33553 2025-06-25T07:52:32Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33554 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hector Pieterson Memorial, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Sehopotso sa merusu ya Soweto]] '''Phetohelo ya Soweto''', hape e tsebahalang ka merusu ya Soweto e ne e le letoto la boipelaetso le boipelaetso bo neng bo etelletswe pele ke Bana ba sekolo ba batho batsho naheng ya Aforika Borwa nakong ya mmuso wa kgatello kapa kgethollo ya merabe e ileng ya qala hoseng ka letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575204.stm</ref> Baithuti ba ne ba tswa dikolong tse fapaneng ba ile ba qala ho ipelaetsa mmileng ya motse wa [[Soweto]] moo ba neng ba arabela ka ho kenngwa leleme la [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]], e ne e nkwa ke batho ba bangata ba batsho e le "puo yaa bahatelli", e le mokhwa wa ho ruta dikolong tsa batho ba batsho esebediswa jwalonka puo eka pele dithutong .<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/article/youth-struggle</ref>Baithuti ba ka bang dikete tse mashome a mabedi ho utlwahala ba ile ba nka karolo mohwantong. Ba ile ba kopana le maponesa a sehlooho moo bongata ba baithuti ba ileng ba kopana le dikulo ba thunya leho bolawa. Palo hare ya baithuti ba bolailweng morusung wa Soweto e ballwa ho lekgolo le mashome a supileng le metso e tsheletseng mme mehlodi e meng yona e re dipalo palo di ka ballwa ho makgolo a supileng.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/student-uprising-soweto-riots-part-1-43425</ref>Diketsahalo tsena di bile karolo ya bohlokwa ntweng ho ya ho lwantsha kgethollo ya merabe kaha di ile tsa tsosa kganyetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe Afrika Borwa ka bobedi naheng ya Aforika Borwa le matjhabeng. Ho hopoleng ketsahalo tsa letsatsi leo ,16 Phuptjane ke letsatsi la phomolo naheng ya Aforika Borwa ,mme le bitswa Tsatsi la batjha Matjhabeng , Letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane le tsebahala e le Letsatsi la Batjha la Afrika (DAC) .<ref>https://www.acerwc.africa/en/page/about-day-african-child</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/gabon/en/press-releases/day-african-child-demonstrates-importance-defending-childrens-rights-digital-space</ref> == Sesosa == [[File:DurbanSign1989.jpg|thumb|senepe sa puo tsa kgethollo]] Baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Aforika Borwa sa batho ba batsho Soweto ba ile ba ipelaetsa kgahlanong le Molao wa [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]] Medium wa selemo sa 1974, o ileng wa qobella dikolo tsohle tsa batho ba batsho ho sebelisa Afrikaans le Senyesemane ka mokhwa o lekanang e le dipuo tse ka pele pele thutong.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref>Ho amahangwa ha Afrikaans le kgethollo ya merabe ho ile ha etsa hore batho ba batsho ba naheng ya Aforika Borwa ba kgethe Senyesemane. E ka sita le Bantustan ba ile ba kgetha Senyesemane le puo tse ding tsa Aforika Borwa e le puo tsa semmuso.Taelo ya molao wa 1974 o ne o reretswe ho qobella ho se kaba le ho fokotseha ha Seafrikanse ka hara batho ba batsho ba Afrika. Mmuso o neng o buswa ke Maafrikanere o ile wa sebedisa polelwana ya Molao wa Union of South Africa wa selemo sa 1909 o neng o amohela Senyesemane le Madache feela, mme wa ho qetela wa nkelwa sebaka ke Afrikaans ka 1925, e le dipuo tsa molao e le boikaketsi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906111057/http://www.praesa.org.za/files/2012/07/Paper14.pdf</ref>Dikolo tsohle di ile tsa tlameha ho fana ka thuto ka Seafrikanse le Senyesemane e le dipuo, empa baithuti ba batho ba basweu ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ithuta dithuto tse ding ka puo ya bona ya lapeng eleng afrikaanse. Motsamaisi wa Lebatowa wa Thuto ya Bantu (Lebatowa la Transvaal Leboya), J.G. Erasmus, o ile a bolella Bahlahlobi ba dikolo le Baetapele ba dikolo hore ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekgong 1975, Se-afrikanse se ne se tlameha ho sebediswa bakeng sa thuto ya dipalo le thuto ya kahisano ho tloha sehlopheng sa bohlano (grade 7), ho latela Afrikaans Medium Decree. Senyesemane e ne e tla ba mokgwa wa ho ruta dithuto tse akaretsang tsa saense le tse sebetsang (ho etsa mosebetsi wa lapeng, ho loha, betla ka mapolanka, mosebetsi wa tshepe, bonono, saense ya tsa temo).<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Dipuo tsa matswallwa a naha di ne di tla sebediswa feela bakeng sa thuto ya bodumedi, mmino le ka setso. Taelo eo e ile ya halefisa batho ba batsho haholo. [[Desmond Tutu]], mobishopo wa Basotho, o boletse hore Se-afrikanse e ne e le “puo ya mohatelli.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Punt Janson, Motlatsi wa Letona la Bantu Education, o ile a qotswa a re: "Monna e motsho a ka kwetlisetswa ho sebetsa polasing kapa fekethering. A ka sebeletsa mohiri ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse, mme monna ya lokelang ho mo fa ditaelo e ka ba ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse. Ke hobaneng ha re sa lokela ho qala ho qabana le batho ba batsho? mme ha ke tlo buisana le bona.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Ho fetoha ha puo ya taelo ho ile ha qobella barutwana ho tsepamisa mohopolo tabeng ya ho utlwisisa puo, ho ena le boitsebiso ba thuto. Seo se ile sa etsa hore tlhahlobo e tebileng ya ditaba e be thata mme ya nyahamisa monahano o tebileng.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Sekgopi se ile sa hola ho fihlela ka la 30 Mmesa 1976, ha bana ba Orlando West Junior School Soweto ba kena seteraekeng mme ba hana ho kena sekolo. Borabele ba bona bo ile ba namela dikolong tse ding tse ngata Soweto. Baithuti ba Batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ipelaetsa hobane ba ne ba dumela hore ba lokelwa ke ho tshwarwa le ho rutwa jwaloka makgowa a Aforika Borwa. Hape, ke batho ba fokolang haholo ba buang Se-afrikanse Soweto. Moithuti ya tswang Sekolong se Phahameng sa Morris Isaacson, Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, o sisintse kopano ka la 13 Phuptjane 1976 ho buisana ka se lokelang ho etswa. Baithuti ba thehile Komiti ya Tshebetso, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsejwa e le Lekgotla la Baemedi ba Baithuti ba Soweto,<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> e ileng ya hlophisa mokoloko wa baithuti ka bongata bakeng sa la 16 Phuptjane ho etsa hore sello sa bona se utlwuwe.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> == Merusu == Hoseng ka di 16 Phuptjane 1976, baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba pakeng tsa 3,000 le 20,000<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/rabblerouserforp00john</ref> ba ile ba tsamaya ho tloha dikolong tsa bona ho ya Orlando Stadium bakeng sa mokoloko wa boipelaetso ba ho ithuta Se-afrikanse sekolong. Baithuti ba bangata bao hamorao ba ileng ba kopanela boipelaetsong ba ile ba fihla dikolong hoseng hoo ba sa tsebe letho ka boipelaetso boo empa ba dumela ho kenella. Boipelaetso bona bo ne bo rerilwe ke Komiti ya Tshebetso ya Lekhotla la Baithuti ba Soweto (SSRC) ka tshehetso ya Black Consciousness Movement e pharaletseng.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033714/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2006/06/19safrica.html</ref> Matitjhere a Soweto le ona a tsheheditse mohwanto ka mora hore Komiti ya Tshebetso e hatise boitshwaro bo botle le diketso tsa kgotso.Tsietsi Mashinini o ile a etella pele baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Morris Isaacson ho ikopanya le ba bang ba tsamaileng sekolong se phahameng sa Naledi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060614021718/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm</ref>Baithuti ba ile ba qala mohwanto, empa ba ile ba fumana hore mapolesa a ne a thibile tsela,tseleng eo ba neng ba rerile ho e tsamaya. Moetapele wa komiti ya tshebetso o ile a kopa letshwele hore le se ke la qholotsa mapolesa, mme mohwanto o ile wa tswela pele ka tsela e nngwe mme qetellong o ile wa fella haufi le Orlando High School.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061007144442/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/may/may23_mputhistreet.stm</ref> Letshwele la baithuti le pakeng tsa 3,000 le 10,000 le ile la leba sebakeng sa sekolo.Barutwana ba ne ba bina le ho tsoka dipolakate tse nang le mapetjo a kang, “Down with Afrikaans”, “Viva Azania” le “Haeyba re tlameha ho etsa Se-afrikanse, Vorster o tlameha ho etsa Sezulu”.Mapolesa a ile a beha ntja ya ona e kwetlisitsweng ho baipelaetsi, ba ileng ba arabela ka ho e bolaya. Jwale mapolesa a ile a qala ho thunya bauthuti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308053144/http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Hector Pieterson's Grave, Avalon Cemetery, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Lebitla la Hector]] Hara baithuti ba pele ba ileng ba thunngwa ke Hastings Ndlovu ya dilemo di 15 le Hector Pieterson ya dilemo tse 12, ba ileng ba thunngwa Sekolong se Phahameng sa Orlando West.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Raditshwantsho Sam Nzima o ile a nka senepe sa Hector Pieterson ya neng a shwa ha a ne a nkuwa ke Mbuyisa Makhubo mme a felehetswa ke kgaitsedi ya hae, Antoinette Peterson, e ileng ya fetoha letshwao la merusu ya Soweto. Ditlhaselo tsa mapolesa ho baipelaetsi di ile tsa tswela pele, mme batho ba 23 ba ile ba hlokahala ka letsatsi la pele merusung ya Soweto. Hara bona ho ne ho ena le Melville Edelstein, eo e neng e le setsebi sa kahisano le thuto mme a nehetse boiteko ba hae mererong ya diphallelo le tsa boiketlo ba setjhaba sa Soweto. A sebetsa e le Motlatsi wa Ofisiri e ka Sehloohong ya Boiketlo, Edelstein o ile a theha merero e mengata e reretsweng ho thusa batjha, ba nang le bokowa, ba futsanehileng, le baahi ba sotlehileng ka hare ho Soweto. O ile a tlepetswa ka majwe ke mokgopi mme a sala a ena le letshwao molaleng la hae le reng, “Hlokomela Se-afrikanse ke sethethefatsi se kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bokamoso ba rona”. Tlhekefetso e ile ya mpefala, kaha diholo tsa jwala le diholo tsa dibiri, tse bonwang e le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso wa Kgatello, di ne di tobane le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso. Merusu e ile a kokobela bosiu. Dikoloi tsa mapolesa le dikoloi tse hlometseng tsamaya diterateng bosiu bohle.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877058-35-6</ref> Ditliliniki tsa maemo a tshohanyetso di ne di tletse bana ba lemetseng le ba nang le madi. Maponesa a ile a kopa hore sepetlele se fane ka lenane la bohle ba nang le maqeba a dikulo ho ba qosa bakeng sa merusu. <ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref>Mookamedi wa sepetlele o ile a fetisetsa kopo eo ho dingaka, empa dingaka di ile tsa hana ho etsa lenane leo. Dingaka di ile tsa tlaleha maqeba a dikulo e le bokgopo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto_uprising#cite_note-sahistory-14</ref><ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Maponesa a hlometseng a 1,500 a ile a romellwa Soweto ka la 17 Phuptjane a nkile dihlomo, ho kenyeletswa dithunya tse itshebetsang, dithunya le dikhabone.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Ba ile ba pota-pota ka dikoloi tse hlometseng tse nang le dirwala-nkgwana tse shebileng sebaka ho tswa hodimo. Sesole sa Aforika Borwa le sona se ile sa laelwa se eme jwalo ka tsela ya ho bontsha tshereletso . Mekgwa ya ho laola bongata ba batho e neng e sebediswa ke mapolesa a Aforika Borwa ka nako eo e ne e kenyelletsa haholo mekgwa ya ho qhalakanya. Makgolo kgolo a batho a ile a tshwarwa , ho kopanyelletswa le mohanyetsi Connie Mofokeng, ya ileng a hlokofatswa bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding.<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/connie-mofokeng</ref> '''Mahlatsipa le ditlamorao''' Palo ya batho ba hlokahetseng hangata e tsebahala e le 176, mme ho hakanngwa hore ke 700. Palo ya pele ya mmuso e boletse hore ke baithuti ba 23 feela ba bolailweng,<ref>https://alansinger.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/apartheidsouthafricaandthesowetorebellion.pdf</ref> ha palo ya ba lemetseng e ka ba batho ba fetang 1,000. Baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba ile ba bolaya maponesa a makgowa a mabedi merusung eo , e mong wa bona e le Melville Edelstein.<ref>http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1996%5C9607/s960723j.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2018-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023160644/http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Dr-Melville-Edelstein-and-South-Africas-1976-Soweto-uprising-459090</ref> Dikgohlano di ile tsa etsahala ha mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ntse o qobellwa ho "fetola" apartheid(mmuso wa kgatello) mahlong a matjhaba ho ya ka mokgwa o bo "bebe". Ka Mphalane 1976, Transkei, Bantustan ya pele, e phatlaladitse bo "ikemelo" ke mmuso. Boiteko boo ba ho bontsha "boitlamo" boo ho thweng ke "Aforika Borwa" ba ho ikemela bo ile ba nyopa, leha ho le jwalo, kaha Transkei e ne e songwa seriti matjhaabeng jwalo ka naha ya dipopae. Ho mmuso, merusu e ile tsebahala e le phephetso eya bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ya mmuso wa kgatello. Ho hloka botsitso moruong le dipolotiking hoo ho bakileng ho ile ha mpefatswa ke ho nyatswa ho matla ke matjhaba. E ne e kaba dilemo tse 14 pele [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokollwa tjhankaneng, empa mmuso o ne o ke ke wa tsosolosa khotso e lekanyeditseng le botsitso setjhabng dilemong tsa pele tsa bo 1970"s, ha kganyetso ya batho ba batsho e ntse e eketseha. Mekgatlo ya tokoloho e neng e fokodisitswe kapa e lelekilwe naheng e ile ya fumana matla a matjha ha letshwele le thaothelang ho kena sesoleng. Batho ba bangata ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba halefisitswe ke diketso tsa mmuso Soweto. Letsatsi ka mora polao, baithuti ba makgowa ba ka bang 400 ba tswang Univesithing ya Witwatersrand ba ile ba hwanta ho potoloha le toropo ya Johannesburg ho ipelaetsa ka polao ya bana. <ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/year-fire-year-ash-soweto-revolt-roots-revolution-baruch-hirson</ref>Basebetsi ba batho ba batsho le bona ba ile ba kena seteraekeng mme ba ikopanya le bona ha letsholo le ntse le tswela pele. Ho ile ha boela ha qhoma merusu le makeisheneng a batho ba batsho metseng e meng naheng ya Aforika Borwa. Mekhatlo ya baithuti e ile ya lebisa matla le kgalefo ya batjha ho kganyetso ya dipolotiki. Baithuti ba Thembisa ba ile ba hlophisa mohwanto o atlehileng o se nang dikgoka, empa boipelaetso bo tshwanang bo neng bo tshwaretswe Kagiso bo ile ba lebisa hore mapolesa a emise sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba le mohwantong, a ba qobella ho kgutlela morao, le ho bolaya bonyane batho ba bahlano ha ho ntse ho emetswe ho thuswa. merusu e ile ya fela ka la 18 Phuptjane.Direkoto le meaho ya tsamaiso ya Univesithi yaa Zululand di ile tsa tjheswa, mme batho ba 33 ba ile ba hlokahala merusung ya [[Port Elizabeth]] ka Phato. Cape Town, batho ba 92 ba ile ba hlokahala pakeng tsa kgwedi ya Phato le Lwetse. Bongata ba tshollo ya madi bo ne bo fokotsehile bofelong ba 1976, ha lenane la ba hlohaketseng le ne le le ka hodimo ho 600. Dikgohlano tse neng di tswelang pele Soweto di ile tsa a baka tsitsipano ho moruo. Ranta ya Aforika Borwa e ile ya hloka boleng ba teng , mme mmuso wa eba mathateng. [[African National Congress]] e ile ya hatisa le ho aba dipampitshana tse nang le lepetjo le reng "Free Mandela, Hang Vorster". Hang-hang e ile ya amahanya taba ya puo le lefa la yona la phetoho le lenaneo mme ya thusa ho theha karolo ya yona e ka sehloohong. (Sheba "Selemo sa Mollo, Selemo sa Ash", sa Baruch Hirson, bakeng sa dipuisano tsa bokgoni ba ANC ba ho tsamaisa kgalefo e tsebahalang.) Sehopotso le Musiamo wa Hector Pieterson di ile tsa bulwa Soweto ka selemo sa 2002, haufi le moo Hector ya neng ale dilemo di 12 a ileng a thunngwa ka la 16 Phuptjane 1976. <ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know? https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know?]</ref> '''Maikutlo a matjhaba''' Lekhotla la Tshireletso la Matjhaba a Kopaneng le pasisitse Qeto ya 392, e ileng ya nyatsa ka matla ketsahalo ena le mmuso wa kgatello.<ref>http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/392</ref> Beke ka moraa hore merusu e qale, Mongoli wa Naha wa United States Henry Kissinger o ile a kopana le Mopresidente wa Naha ya Aforika Borwa Vorster naheng ya Jeremane Bophirimela ho buisana ka boemo ba Rhodesia, empa moferefere ya Soweto ha ya ka ya hlahella dipuisanong.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=EpH4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804793858</ref>Kissinger le Vorster ba kopane hape Pretoria ka Lwetse 1976, le baithuti ba Soweto le dibakeng tse ding moo ba ipelaetsa ka ketelo ya hae le ho lelekwa ke maponesa.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19760918&id=tyBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6309,975130&hl=en</ref> '''Polao ya 1986''' Bosiung ba la 26 Phato 1986, maponesa a ile a thunya pontshong ya White City. Ba ile ba bolaya batho ba pakeng tsa 20 le 25, mohlomong ba fetang 60, mme ba ntsha kotsi ba ka hodimo ho 60. Mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ile wa bolela ka molao hore ho hlohaketse batho ba 11 empa hamorao ya palo nyolosetsa ho 12. Lefapha la ditaba la Aforika Borwa le boletse hore maponesa a ile a thunya ka makgetlo a mabedi, ka mora hore qhomane e akgelwe mme ya lematsa maponesa a mane. Baahi ba boletse hore ntwa e qalile ha di ofisiri tsa sebaka seo di ne di batla ho leleka bahiri ba neng ba hana ho lefa rente ka dikgwedi tse pedi e le karolo ya boipelaetso bo bongata. Mabotho a tshireletso ho boleloa hore qalong a ile a sebedisa kgase e llisang ho qhalanya matshwele. Hamorao, moahi e mong o ile a letsetsa moqolotsi wa ditaba ho re, "Maponesa a thunya ka ho le letshehadi le ka ho le letona. Ba qeta ho thunya monna-moholo. Ba thunya bohle, ntho e nngwe le e nngwe ".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/27/world/11-reported-slain-and-62-wounded-in-soweto-battle.html</ref> Moetapele wa UDF Frank Chikane o hlalositse diketso tsa maponesa "jwalokaha eka di kena sebakeng sa dira, dithunya di ntse di tuka." Letona la Tlhahisoleseding Louis Nel hamorao o ile a nyatswa ha a bua sebokeng sa boraditaba, "Ho se ke ha eba le ho se utlwisisane mabapi le taba ya sebele e kotsing. Ha se taba ya khiriso, ha se boteng ba mabotho a tshireletso dibakeng tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho, ha se matsatsi a itseng a kgopotso, hase mananeo a sekolo. Ho ketolwa ka mabifi ha naha ya Aforika Borwa ke yona taba."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAEFsz6PAM</ref> E le ho iphetetsa, lekhanselara la toropo la motho e motsho le ile la bolawa letsatsi le hlahlamang, la bolawa ke setjhaba. Ka la 4 Lwetse, mapolesa a ile a tshela khase e llisang lebaleng le neng le tletse ho emisa lepato le leholo la batho ba neng ba bolaiwe ka bo bangata, a fiela Soweto le ho tlosa ditshebeletso tse ding tse neng di tshwerwe, ho kenyeletsa e neng e tshwaretswe Regina Mundi Roman Catholic, moo dintho tsa kgase e llisang di ileng tsa akgelwa ka beseng e nang le batho ba tlileng mokgohlaneng. Tshebeletso e neng e tshwaretswe Avalon Cemetery eo ho tlalehilweng hore dikete-kete di bokane ho yona e ile ya qhalakanngwa ka khase e llisang le dikoloi tse hlometseng. Ho ile ha tlalehwa hore kgase e llisang e nngwe e ne e theoha hodimo ho tswa serwala-nkgwana ho qhalanya letshwele le neng le bokane mabitleng.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/13f42abb6e4ecedd927dd1b1d2d68ec5</ref> == Metjheng ya ditaba == Ditshwantso tsa merusu di ile tsa tlala lefatsheng lohle mme tsa tshosa batho ba dimilione. Senepe sa setopo sa Hector Pieterson, jwalokaha se nkilwe ke raditshwantsho Sam Nzima, se ile sa baka kgalefo le ho theola lenyatso matjhaba kgahlanong le mmuso wa kgethollo. Merusu ya Soweto e ile ya bontshwa filiming ya 1987 ke motsamaisi Richard Attenborough, Cry Freedom le filiming ya mmino ya 1992 Sarafina! le motlhahisi wa mmino wa lebitso le tshwanang ka Mbongeni Ngema. Merusu e boetse e khothaleditswe buka ya A Dry White Season ka Andre Brink le filiming ya 1989 ya sehlooho se tshwanang. Merusu ena e boetse e hlahile filiming ya 2003 ya Stander e buang ka leshodu le tummeng hampe la banka le mokapotene wa mehleng wa seponesa Andre Stander. Mantswe a pina ya "Soweto Blues" ya Hugh Masekela le Miriam Makeba a hlalosa Merusu ya Soweto le karolo ya bana ho yona. '''Seya-le-moya''' Ka Phuptjane 1996, Ulwazi Educational Radio Project ya Johannesburg e ile ya hlophisa tshwantshiso ya seya-le-moya e nkang hora, dilemo tse 20 ka mora merusu e neng e bontsha diketsahalo tsa 16 Phuptjane ho ya ka pono ya batho ba neng ba dula Soweto ka nako eo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2514000/2514467.stm</ref> Bongata ba baithuti ba neng ba rera kapa ba kenela merusu, mmoho le dipaki tse ding, ba nkile karolo, ho kenyeletswa raditshwantsho Peter Magubane, motlalehi Sophie Tema le Tim Wilson, ngaka ya lekgowa e boletseng hore Pieterson o hlokahalletse Sepetleleng sa Baragwanath. Lenaneo le ile la haswa ho SABC le diya-le-moya tsa selehae ho phatlalla le Aforika Borwa. Selemong se latelang, BBC Radio 4 le BBC World Service di ile tsa phatlalatsa phetolelo e ntjhafaditsweng e nang le dipuisano tse ntjha, The Day Apartheid Shoed.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5085450.stm</ref> Lenaneo le bile boemong ba bobedi dikgaung tsa 1998 tsa European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) TV & Radio Awards hape le dikgaung tsa Media tsa 1998 tsa One World International Broadcasting Trust mme le ile la babatswa haholo dikgaung tsa seya-le-moya tsa 1998 tsa Prix Italia. Ka Motsheanong 1999, e ile ya phatlalatswa hape ke BBC Radio 4 e le The Death of Apartheid ka kenyelletso e ntjha e faneng ka moelelo o eketsehileng wa histori bakeng sa bamamedi ba Borithane ke Anthony Sampson, mohlophisi wa mehleng wa Drum magazine le mongodi wa biography e dumelletsweng (1999) ya Nelson Mandela. Sampson o ile a amahanya dintlha tse tswang ho BBC Sound Archive tse ileng tsa rala ntwa ya nako e telele kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe ya Sharpeville ya 1960 le merusu ya 1976 le polao ya Steve Biko ho fihlela Mandela a lokollwa tjhankanneng ka 1990 le puo ya mopresidente wa kamoso moo a ileng a amohela molato o kolotwang ke baithuti bohle ba Soweto ba 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Merusu ya 1976]] [[Category:Aforika Borwa ka 1976]] [[Category:Soweto]] [[Category:Dipolao tsa 1976]] [[Category:Sehloho sa 1976]] kh9n3zcbx4jopkfjzmcdbm1by20zzb5 33555 33554 2025-06-25T07:52:51Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33555 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hector Pieterson Memorial, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Sehopotso sa merusu ya Soweto]] '''Phetohelo ya Soweto''', hape e tsebahalang ka merusu ya Soweto e ne e le letoto la boipelaetso le boipelaetso bo neng bo etelletswe pele ke Bana ba sekolo ba batho batsho naheng ya Aforika Borwa nakong ya mmuso wa kgatello kapa kgethollo ya merabe e ileng ya qala hoseng ka letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575204.stm</ref> Baithuti ba ne ba tswa dikolong tse fapaneng ba ile ba qala ho ipelaetsa mmileng ya motse wa [[Soweto]] moo ba neng ba arabela ka ho kenngwa leleme la [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]], e ne e nkwa ke batho ba bangata ba batsho e le "puo yaa bahatelli", e le mokhwa wa ho ruta dikolong tsa batho ba batsho esebediswa jwalonka puo eka pele dithutong .<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/article/youth-struggle</ref>Baithuti ba ka bang dikete tse mashome a mabedi ho utlwahala ba ile ba nka karolo mohwantong. Ba ile ba kopana le maponesa a sehlooho moo bongata ba baithuti ba ileng ba kopana le dikulo ba thunya leho bolawa. Palo hare ya baithuti ba bolailweng morusung wa Soweto e ballwa ho lekgolo le mashome a supileng le metso e tsheletseng mme mehlodi e meng yona e re dipalo palo di ka ballwa ho makgolo a supileng.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/student-uprising-soweto-riots-part-1-43425</ref>Diketsahalo tsena di bile karolo ya bohlokwa ntweng ho ya ho lwantsha kgethollo ya merabe kaha di ile tsa tsosa kganyetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe Afrika Borwa ka bobedi naheng ya Aforika Borwa le matjhabeng. Ho hopoleng ketsahalo tsa letsatsi leo ,16 Phuptjane ke letsatsi la phomolo naheng ya Aforika Borwa ,mme le bitswa Tsatsi la batjha Matjhabeng , Letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane le tsebahala e le Letsatsi la Batjha la Afrika (DAC) .<ref>https://www.acerwc.africa/en/page/about-day-african-child</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/gabon/en/press-releases/day-african-child-demonstrates-importance-defending-childrens-rights-digital-space</ref> == Sesosa == [[File:DurbanSign1989.jpg|thumb|Senepe sa puo tsa kgethollo]] Baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Aforika Borwa sa batho ba batsho Soweto ba ile ba ipelaetsa kgahlanong le Molao wa [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]] Medium wa selemo sa 1974, o ileng wa qobella dikolo tsohle tsa batho ba batsho ho sebelisa Afrikaans le Senyesemane ka mokhwa o lekanang e le dipuo tse ka pele pele thutong.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref>Ho amahangwa ha Afrikaans le kgethollo ya merabe ho ile ha etsa hore batho ba batsho ba naheng ya Aforika Borwa ba kgethe Senyesemane. E ka sita le Bantustan ba ile ba kgetha Senyesemane le puo tse ding tsa Aforika Borwa e le puo tsa semmuso.Taelo ya molao wa 1974 o ne o reretswe ho qobella ho se kaba le ho fokotseha ha Seafrikanse ka hara batho ba batsho ba Afrika. Mmuso o neng o buswa ke Maafrikanere o ile wa sebedisa polelwana ya Molao wa Union of South Africa wa selemo sa 1909 o neng o amohela Senyesemane le Madache feela, mme wa ho qetela wa nkelwa sebaka ke Afrikaans ka 1925, e le dipuo tsa molao e le boikaketsi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906111057/http://www.praesa.org.za/files/2012/07/Paper14.pdf</ref>Dikolo tsohle di ile tsa tlameha ho fana ka thuto ka Seafrikanse le Senyesemane e le dipuo, empa baithuti ba batho ba basweu ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ithuta dithuto tse ding ka puo ya bona ya lapeng eleng afrikaanse. Motsamaisi wa Lebatowa wa Thuto ya Bantu (Lebatowa la Transvaal Leboya), J.G. Erasmus, o ile a bolella Bahlahlobi ba dikolo le Baetapele ba dikolo hore ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekgong 1975, Se-afrikanse se ne se tlameha ho sebediswa bakeng sa thuto ya dipalo le thuto ya kahisano ho tloha sehlopheng sa bohlano (grade 7), ho latela Afrikaans Medium Decree. Senyesemane e ne e tla ba mokgwa wa ho ruta dithuto tse akaretsang tsa saense le tse sebetsang (ho etsa mosebetsi wa lapeng, ho loha, betla ka mapolanka, mosebetsi wa tshepe, bonono, saense ya tsa temo).<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Dipuo tsa matswallwa a naha di ne di tla sebediswa feela bakeng sa thuto ya bodumedi, mmino le ka setso. Taelo eo e ile ya halefisa batho ba batsho haholo. [[Desmond Tutu]], mobishopo wa Basotho, o boletse hore Se-afrikanse e ne e le “puo ya mohatelli.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Punt Janson, Motlatsi wa Letona la Bantu Education, o ile a qotswa a re: "Monna e motsho a ka kwetlisetswa ho sebetsa polasing kapa fekethering. A ka sebeletsa mohiri ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse, mme monna ya lokelang ho mo fa ditaelo e ka ba ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse. Ke hobaneng ha re sa lokela ho qala ho qabana le batho ba batsho? mme ha ke tlo buisana le bona.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Ho fetoha ha puo ya taelo ho ile ha qobella barutwana ho tsepamisa mohopolo tabeng ya ho utlwisisa puo, ho ena le boitsebiso ba thuto. Seo se ile sa etsa hore tlhahlobo e tebileng ya ditaba e be thata mme ya nyahamisa monahano o tebileng.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Sekgopi se ile sa hola ho fihlela ka la 30 Mmesa 1976, ha bana ba Orlando West Junior School Soweto ba kena seteraekeng mme ba hana ho kena sekolo. Borabele ba bona bo ile ba namela dikolong tse ding tse ngata Soweto. Baithuti ba Batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa ba ile ba ipelaetsa hobane ba ne ba dumela hore ba lokelwa ke ho tshwarwa le ho rutwa jwaloka makgowa a Aforika Borwa. Hape, ke batho ba fokolang haholo ba buang Se-afrikanse Soweto. Moithuti ya tswang Sekolong se Phahameng sa Morris Isaacson, Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, o sisintse kopano ka la 13 Phuptjane 1976 ho buisana ka se lokelang ho etswa. Baithuti ba thehile Komiti ya Tshebetso, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsejwa e le Lekgotla la Baemedi ba Baithuti ba Soweto,<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> e ileng ya hlophisa mokoloko wa baithuti ka bongata bakeng sa la 16 Phuptjane ho etsa hore sello sa bona se utlwuwe.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> == Merusu == Hoseng ka di 16 Phuptjane 1976, baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba pakeng tsa 3,000 le 20,000<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/rabblerouserforp00john</ref> ba ile ba tsamaya ho tloha dikolong tsa bona ho ya Orlando Stadium bakeng sa mokoloko wa boipelaetso ba ho ithuta Se-afrikanse sekolong. Baithuti ba bangata bao hamorao ba ileng ba kopanela boipelaetsong ba ile ba fihla dikolong hoseng hoo ba sa tsebe letho ka boipelaetso boo empa ba dumela ho kenella. Boipelaetso bona bo ne bo rerilwe ke Komiti ya Tshebetso ya Lekhotla la Baithuti ba Soweto (SSRC) ka tshehetso ya Black Consciousness Movement e pharaletseng.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033714/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2006/06/19safrica.html</ref> Matitjhere a Soweto le ona a tsheheditse mohwanto ka mora hore Komiti ya Tshebetso e hatise boitshwaro bo botle le diketso tsa kgotso.Tsietsi Mashinini o ile a etella pele baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Morris Isaacson ho ikopanya le ba bang ba tsamaileng sekolong se phahameng sa Naledi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060614021718/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm</ref>Baithuti ba ile ba qala mohwanto, empa ba ile ba fumana hore mapolesa a ne a thibile tsela,tseleng eo ba neng ba rerile ho e tsamaya. Moetapele wa komiti ya tshebetso o ile a kopa letshwele hore le se ke la qholotsa mapolesa, mme mohwanto o ile wa tswela pele ka tsela e nngwe mme qetellong o ile wa fella haufi le Orlando High School.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061007144442/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/may/may23_mputhistreet.stm</ref> Letshwele la baithuti le pakeng tsa 3,000 le 10,000 le ile la leba sebakeng sa sekolo.Barutwana ba ne ba bina le ho tsoka dipolakate tse nang le mapetjo a kang, “Down with Afrikaans”, “Viva Azania” le “Haeyba re tlameha ho etsa Se-afrikanse, Vorster o tlameha ho etsa Sezulu”.Mapolesa a ile a beha ntja ya ona e kwetlisitsweng ho baipelaetsi, ba ileng ba arabela ka ho e bolaya. Jwale mapolesa a ile a qala ho thunya bauthuti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308053144/http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Hector Pieterson's Grave, Avalon Cemetery, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Lebitla la Hector]] Hara baithuti ba pele ba ileng ba thunngwa ke Hastings Ndlovu ya dilemo di 15 le Hector Pieterson ya dilemo tse 12, ba ileng ba thunngwa Sekolong se Phahameng sa Orlando West.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Raditshwantsho Sam Nzima o ile a nka senepe sa Hector Pieterson ya neng a shwa ha a ne a nkuwa ke Mbuyisa Makhubo mme a felehetswa ke kgaitsedi ya hae, Antoinette Peterson, e ileng ya fetoha letshwao la merusu ya Soweto. Ditlhaselo tsa mapolesa ho baipelaetsi di ile tsa tswela pele, mme batho ba 23 ba ile ba hlokahala ka letsatsi la pele merusung ya Soweto. Hara bona ho ne ho ena le Melville Edelstein, eo e neng e le setsebi sa kahisano le thuto mme a nehetse boiteko ba hae mererong ya diphallelo le tsa boiketlo ba setjhaba sa Soweto. A sebetsa e le Motlatsi wa Ofisiri e ka Sehloohong ya Boiketlo, Edelstein o ile a theha merero e mengata e reretsweng ho thusa batjha, ba nang le bokowa, ba futsanehileng, le baahi ba sotlehileng ka hare ho Soweto. O ile a tlepetswa ka majwe ke mokgopi mme a sala a ena le letshwao molaleng la hae le reng, “Hlokomela Se-afrikanse ke sethethefatsi se kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bokamoso ba rona”. Tlhekefetso e ile ya mpefala, kaha diholo tsa jwala le diholo tsa dibiri, tse bonwang e le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso wa Kgatello, di ne di tobane le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso. Merusu e ile a kokobela bosiu. Dikoloi tsa mapolesa le dikoloi tse hlometseng tsamaya diterateng bosiu bohle.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877058-35-6</ref> Ditliliniki tsa maemo a tshohanyetso di ne di tletse bana ba lemetseng le ba nang le madi. Maponesa a ile a kopa hore sepetlele se fane ka lenane la bohle ba nang le maqeba a dikulo ho ba qosa bakeng sa merusu. <ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref>Mookamedi wa sepetlele o ile a fetisetsa kopo eo ho dingaka, empa dingaka di ile tsa hana ho etsa lenane leo. Dingaka di ile tsa tlaleha maqeba a dikulo e le bokgopo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto_uprising#cite_note-sahistory-14</ref><ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Maponesa a hlometseng a 1,500 a ile a romellwa Soweto ka la 17 Phuptjane a nkile dihlomo, ho kenyeletswa dithunya tse itshebetsang, dithunya le dikhabone.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Ba ile ba pota-pota ka dikoloi tse hlometseng tse nang le dirwala-nkgwana tse shebileng sebaka ho tswa hodimo. Sesole sa Aforika Borwa le sona se ile sa laelwa se eme jwalo ka tsela ya ho bontsha tshereletso . Mekgwa ya ho laola bongata ba batho e neng e sebediswa ke mapolesa a Aforika Borwa ka nako eo e ne e kenyelletsa haholo mekgwa ya ho qhalakanya. Makgolo kgolo a batho a ile a tshwarwa , ho kopanyelletswa le mohanyetsi Connie Mofokeng, ya ileng a hlokofatswa bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding.<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/connie-mofokeng</ref> '''Mahlatsipa le ditlamorao''' Palo ya batho ba hlokahetseng hangata e tsebahala e le 176, mme ho hakanngwa hore ke 700. Palo ya pele ya mmuso e boletse hore ke baithuti ba 23 feela ba bolailweng,<ref>https://alansinger.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/apartheidsouthafricaandthesowetorebellion.pdf</ref> ha palo ya ba lemetseng e ka ba batho ba fetang 1,000. Baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba ile ba bolaya maponesa a makgowa a mabedi merusung eo , e mong wa bona e le Melville Edelstein.<ref>http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1996%5C9607/s960723j.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2018-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023160644/http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Dr-Melville-Edelstein-and-South-Africas-1976-Soweto-uprising-459090</ref> Dikgohlano di ile tsa etsahala ha mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ntse o qobellwa ho "fetola" apartheid(mmuso wa kgatello) mahlong a matjhaba ho ya ka mokgwa o bo "bebe". Ka Mphalane 1976, Transkei, Bantustan ya pele, e phatlaladitse bo "ikemelo" ke mmuso. Boiteko boo ba ho bontsha "boitlamo" boo ho thweng ke "Aforika Borwa" ba ho ikemela bo ile ba nyopa, leha ho le jwalo, kaha Transkei e ne e songwa seriti matjhaabeng jwalo ka naha ya dipopae. Ho mmuso, merusu e ile tsebahala e le phephetso eya bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ya mmuso wa kgatello. Ho hloka botsitso moruong le dipolotiking hoo ho bakileng ho ile ha mpefatswa ke ho nyatswa ho matla ke matjhaba. E ne e kaba dilemo tse 14 pele [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokollwa tjhankaneng, empa mmuso o ne o ke ke wa tsosolosa khotso e lekanyeditseng le botsitso setjhabng dilemong tsa pele tsa bo 1970"s, ha kganyetso ya batho ba batsho e ntse e eketseha. Mekgatlo ya tokoloho e neng e fokodisitswe kapa e lelekilwe naheng e ile ya fumana matla a matjha ha letshwele le thaothelang ho kena sesoleng. Batho ba bangata ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba halefisitswe ke diketso tsa mmuso Soweto. Letsatsi ka mora polao, baithuti ba makgowa ba ka bang 400 ba tswang Univesithing ya Witwatersrand ba ile ba hwanta ho potoloha le toropo ya Johannesburg ho ipelaetsa ka polao ya bana. <ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/year-fire-year-ash-soweto-revolt-roots-revolution-baruch-hirson</ref>Basebetsi ba batho ba batsho le bona ba ile ba kena seteraekeng mme ba ikopanya le bona ha letsholo le ntse le tswela pele. Ho ile ha boela ha qhoma merusu le makeisheneng a batho ba batsho metseng e meng naheng ya Aforika Borwa. Mekhatlo ya baithuti e ile ya lebisa matla le kgalefo ya batjha ho kganyetso ya dipolotiki. Baithuti ba Thembisa ba ile ba hlophisa mohwanto o atlehileng o se nang dikgoka, empa boipelaetso bo tshwanang bo neng bo tshwaretswe Kagiso bo ile ba lebisa hore mapolesa a emise sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba le mohwantong, a ba qobella ho kgutlela morao, le ho bolaya bonyane batho ba bahlano ha ho ntse ho emetswe ho thuswa. merusu e ile ya fela ka la 18 Phuptjane.Direkoto le meaho ya tsamaiso ya Univesithi yaa Zululand di ile tsa tjheswa, mme batho ba 33 ba ile ba hlokahala merusung ya [[Port Elizabeth]] ka Phato. Cape Town, batho ba 92 ba ile ba hlokahala pakeng tsa kgwedi ya Phato le Lwetse. Bongata ba tshollo ya madi bo ne bo fokotsehile bofelong ba 1976, ha lenane la ba hlohaketseng le ne le le ka hodimo ho 600. Dikgohlano tse neng di tswelang pele Soweto di ile tsa a baka tsitsipano ho moruo. Ranta ya Aforika Borwa e ile ya hloka boleng ba teng , mme mmuso wa eba mathateng. [[African National Congress]] e ile ya hatisa le ho aba dipampitshana tse nang le lepetjo le reng "Free Mandela, Hang Vorster". Hang-hang e ile ya amahanya taba ya puo le lefa la yona la phetoho le lenaneo mme ya thusa ho theha karolo ya yona e ka sehloohong. (Sheba "Selemo sa Mollo, Selemo sa Ash", sa Baruch Hirson, bakeng sa dipuisano tsa bokgoni ba ANC ba ho tsamaisa kgalefo e tsebahalang.) Sehopotso le Musiamo wa Hector Pieterson di ile tsa bulwa Soweto ka selemo sa 2002, haufi le moo Hector ya neng ale dilemo di 12 a ileng a thunngwa ka la 16 Phuptjane 1976. <ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know? https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know?]</ref> '''Maikutlo a matjhaba''' Lekhotla la Tshireletso la Matjhaba a Kopaneng le pasisitse Qeto ya 392, e ileng ya nyatsa ka matla ketsahalo ena le mmuso wa kgatello.<ref>http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/392</ref> Beke ka moraa hore merusu e qale, Mongoli wa Naha wa United States Henry Kissinger o ile a kopana le Mopresidente wa Naha ya Aforika Borwa Vorster naheng ya Jeremane Bophirimela ho buisana ka boemo ba Rhodesia, empa moferefere ya Soweto ha ya ka ya hlahella dipuisanong.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=EpH4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804793858</ref>Kissinger le Vorster ba kopane hape Pretoria ka Lwetse 1976, le baithuti ba Soweto le dibakeng tse ding moo ba ipelaetsa ka ketelo ya hae le ho lelekwa ke maponesa.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19760918&id=tyBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6309,975130&hl=en</ref> '''Polao ya 1986''' Bosiung ba la 26 Phato 1986, maponesa a ile a thunya pontshong ya White City. Ba ile ba bolaya batho ba pakeng tsa 20 le 25, mohlomong ba fetang 60, mme ba ntsha kotsi ba ka hodimo ho 60. Mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ile wa bolela ka molao hore ho hlohaketse batho ba 11 empa hamorao ya palo nyolosetsa ho 12. Lefapha la ditaba la Aforika Borwa le boletse hore maponesa a ile a thunya ka makgetlo a mabedi, ka mora hore qhomane e akgelwe mme ya lematsa maponesa a mane. Baahi ba boletse hore ntwa e qalile ha di ofisiri tsa sebaka seo di ne di batla ho leleka bahiri ba neng ba hana ho lefa rente ka dikgwedi tse pedi e le karolo ya boipelaetso bo bongata. Mabotho a tshireletso ho boleloa hore qalong a ile a sebedisa kgase e llisang ho qhalanya matshwele. Hamorao, moahi e mong o ile a letsetsa moqolotsi wa ditaba ho re, "Maponesa a thunya ka ho le letshehadi le ka ho le letona. Ba qeta ho thunya monna-moholo. Ba thunya bohle, ntho e nngwe le e nngwe ".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/27/world/11-reported-slain-and-62-wounded-in-soweto-battle.html</ref> Moetapele wa UDF Frank Chikane o hlalositse diketso tsa maponesa "jwalokaha eka di kena sebakeng sa dira, dithunya di ntse di tuka." Letona la Tlhahisoleseding Louis Nel hamorao o ile a nyatswa ha a bua sebokeng sa boraditaba, "Ho se ke ha eba le ho se utlwisisane mabapi le taba ya sebele e kotsing. Ha se taba ya khiriso, ha se boteng ba mabotho a tshireletso dibakeng tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho, ha se matsatsi a itseng a kgopotso, hase mananeo a sekolo. Ho ketolwa ka mabifi ha naha ya Aforika Borwa ke yona taba."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAEFsz6PAM</ref> E le ho iphetetsa, lekhanselara la toropo la motho e motsho le ile la bolawa letsatsi le hlahlamang, la bolawa ke setjhaba. Ka la 4 Lwetse, mapolesa a ile a tshela khase e llisang lebaleng le neng le tletse ho emisa lepato le leholo la batho ba neng ba bolaiwe ka bo bangata, a fiela Soweto le ho tlosa ditshebeletso tse ding tse neng di tshwerwe, ho kenyeletsa e neng e tshwaretswe Regina Mundi Roman Catholic, moo dintho tsa kgase e llisang di ileng tsa akgelwa ka beseng e nang le batho ba tlileng mokgohlaneng. Tshebeletso e neng e tshwaretswe Avalon Cemetery eo ho tlalehilweng hore dikete-kete di bokane ho yona e ile ya qhalakanngwa ka khase e llisang le dikoloi tse hlometseng. Ho ile ha tlalehwa hore kgase e llisang e nngwe e ne e theoha hodimo ho tswa serwala-nkgwana ho qhalanya letshwele le neng le bokane mabitleng.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/13f42abb6e4ecedd927dd1b1d2d68ec5</ref> == Metjheng ya ditaba == Ditshwantso tsa merusu di ile tsa tlala lefatsheng lohle mme tsa tshosa batho ba dimilione. Senepe sa setopo sa Hector Pieterson, jwalokaha se nkilwe ke raditshwantsho Sam Nzima, se ile sa baka kgalefo le ho theola lenyatso matjhaba kgahlanong le mmuso wa kgethollo. Merusu ya Soweto e ile ya bontshwa filiming ya 1987 ke motsamaisi Richard Attenborough, Cry Freedom le filiming ya mmino ya 1992 Sarafina! le motlhahisi wa mmino wa lebitso le tshwanang ka Mbongeni Ngema. Merusu e boetse e khothaleditswe buka ya A Dry White Season ka Andre Brink le filiming ya 1989 ya sehlooho se tshwanang. Merusu ena e boetse e hlahile filiming ya 2003 ya Stander e buang ka leshodu le tummeng hampe la banka le mokapotene wa mehleng wa seponesa Andre Stander. Mantswe a pina ya "Soweto Blues" ya Hugh Masekela le Miriam Makeba a hlalosa Merusu ya Soweto le karolo ya bana ho yona. '''Seya-le-moya''' Ka Phuptjane 1996, Ulwazi Educational Radio Project ya Johannesburg e ile ya hlophisa tshwantshiso ya seya-le-moya e nkang hora, dilemo tse 20 ka mora merusu e neng e bontsha diketsahalo tsa 16 Phuptjane ho ya ka pono ya batho ba neng ba dula Soweto ka nako eo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2514000/2514467.stm</ref> Bongata ba baithuti ba neng ba rera kapa ba kenela merusu, mmoho le dipaki tse ding, ba nkile karolo, ho kenyeletswa raditshwantsho Peter Magubane, motlalehi Sophie Tema le Tim Wilson, ngaka ya lekgowa e boletseng hore Pieterson o hlokahalletse Sepetleleng sa Baragwanath. Lenaneo le ile la haswa ho SABC le diya-le-moya tsa selehae ho phatlalla le Aforika Borwa. Selemong se latelang, BBC Radio 4 le BBC World Service di ile tsa phatlalatsa phetolelo e ntjhafaditsweng e nang le dipuisano tse ntjha, The Day Apartheid Shoed.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5085450.stm</ref> Lenaneo le bile boemong ba bobedi dikgaung tsa 1998 tsa European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) TV & Radio Awards hape le dikgaung tsa Media tsa 1998 tsa One World International Broadcasting Trust mme le ile la babatswa haholo dikgaung tsa seya-le-moya tsa 1998 tsa Prix Italia. Ka Motsheanong 1999, e ile ya phatlalatswa hape ke BBC Radio 4 e le The Death of Apartheid ka kenyelletso e ntjha e faneng ka moelelo o eketsehileng wa histori bakeng sa bamamedi ba Borithane ke Anthony Sampson, mohlophisi wa mehleng wa Drum magazine le mongodi wa biography e dumelletsweng (1999) ya Nelson Mandela. Sampson o ile a amahanya dintlha tse tswang ho BBC Sound Archive tse ileng tsa rala ntwa ya nako e telele kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe ya Sharpeville ya 1960 le merusu ya 1976 le polao ya Steve Biko ho fihlela Mandela a lokollwa tjhankanneng ka 1990 le puo ya mopresidente wa kamoso moo a ileng a amohela molato o kolotwang ke baithuti bohle ba Soweto ba 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Merusu ya 1976]] [[Category:Aforika Borwa ka 1976]] [[Category:Soweto]] [[Category:Dipolao tsa 1976]] [[Category:Sehloho sa 1976]] kbhk9y9tl2py3dlg0gynhtvz9rzqgn5 33556 33555 2025-06-25T07:54:48Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33556 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hector Pieterson Memorial, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Sehopotso sa merusu ya Soweto]] '''Phetohelo ya Soweto''', hape e tsebahalang ka merusu ya Soweto e ne e le letoto la boipelaetso le boipelaetso bo neng bo etelletswe pele ke Bana ba sekolo ba batho batsho naheng ya Aforika Borwa nakong ya mmuso wa kgatello kapa kgethollo ya merabe e ileng ya qala hoseng ka letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575204.stm</ref> Baithuti ba ne ba tswa dikolong tse fapaneng ba ile ba qala ho ipelaetsa mmileng ya motse wa [[Soweto]] moo ba neng ba arabela ka ho kenngwa leleme la [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]], e ne e nkwa ke batho ba bangata ba batsho e le "puo yaa bahatelli", e le mokhwa wa ho ruta dikolong tsa batho ba batsho esebediswa jwalonka puo eka pele dithutong .<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/article/youth-struggle</ref>Baithuti ba ka bang dikete tse mashome a mabedi ho utlwahala ba ile ba nka karolo mohwantong. Ba ile ba kopana le maponesa a sehlooho moo bongata ba baithuti ba ileng ba kopana le dikulo ba thunya leho bolawa. Palo hare ya baithuti ba bolailweng morusung wa Soweto e ballwa ho lekgolo le mashome a supileng le metso e tsheletseng mme mehlodi e meng yona e re dipalo palo di ka ballwa ho makgolo a supileng.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/student-uprising-soweto-riots-part-1-43425</ref>Diketsahalo tsena di bile karolo ya bohlokwa ntweng ho ya ho lwantsha kgethollo ya merabe kaha di ile tsa tsosa kganyetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe Afrika Borwa ka bobedi naheng ya Aforika Borwa le matjhabeng. Ho hopoleng ketsahalo tsa letsatsi leo ,16 Phuptjane ke letsatsi la phomolo naheng ya Aforika Borwa ,mme le bitswa Tsatsi la batjha Matjhabeng , Letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane le tsebahala e le Letsatsi la Batjha la Afrika (DAC) .<ref>https://www.acerwc.africa/en/page/about-day-african-child</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/gabon/en/press-releases/day-african-child-demonstrates-importance-defending-childrens-rights-digital-space</ref> == Sesosa == [[File:DurbanSign1989.jpg|thumb|Senepe sa puo tsa kgethollo]] Baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Aforika Borwa sa batho ba batsho Soweto ba ile ba ipelaetsa kgahlanong le Molao wa [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]] Medium wa selemo sa 1974, o ileng wa qobella dikolo tsohle tsa batho ba batsho ho sebelisa Afrikaans le Senyesemane ka mokhwa o lekanang e le dipuo tse ka pele pele thutong.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref>Ho amahangwa ha Afrikaans le kgethollo ya merabe ho ile ha etsa hore batho ba batsho ba naheng ya Aforika Borwa ba kgethe Senyesemane. E ka sita le Bantustan ba ile ba kgetha Senyesemane le puo tse ding tsa Aforika Borwa e le puo tsa semmuso.Taelo ya molao wa 1974 o ne o reretswe ho qobella ho se kaba le ho fokotseha ha Seafrikanse ka hara batho ba batsho ba Afrika. Mmuso o neng o buswa ke Maafrikanere o ile wa sebedisa polelwana ya Molao wa Union of South Africa wa selemo sa 1909 o neng o amohela Senyesemane le Madache feela, mme wa ho qetela wa nkelwa sebaka ke Afrikaans ka 1925, e le dipuo tsa molao e le boikaketsi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906111057/http://www.praesa.org.za/files/2012/07/Paper14.pdf</ref>Dikolo tsohle di ile tsa tlameha ho fana ka thuto ka Seafrikanse le Senyesemane e le dipuo, empa baithuti ba batho ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ile ba ithuta dithuto tse ding ka puo ya bona ya lapeng eleng afrikaanse. Motsamaisi wa Lebatowa wa Thuto ya Bantu (Lebatowa la Transvaal Leboya), J.G. Erasmus, o ile a bolella Bahlahlobi ba dikolo le Baetapele ba dikolo hore ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekgong 1975, Se-afrikanse se ne se tlameha ho sebediswa bakeng sa thuto ya dipalo le thuto ya kahisano ho tloha sehlopheng sa bohlano,ho latela Afrikaans Medium Decree. Senyesemane e ne e tla ba mokgwa wa ho ruta dithuto tse akaretsang tsa saense le tse sebetsang (ho etsa mosebetsi wa lapeng, ho loha, betla ka mapolanka, mosebetsi wa tshepe, bonono, saense ya tsa temo).<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Dipuo tsa matswallwa a naha di ne di tla sebediswa feela bakeng sa thuto ya bodumedi, mmino le ka setso. Taelo eo e ile ya halefisa batho ba batsho haholo. Desmond Tutu, mobishopo wa Basotho, o boletse hore Se-afrikanse e ne e le “puo ya mohatelli.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Punt Janson, Motlatsi wa Letona la Bantu Education, o ile a qotswa a re: "Monna e motsho a ka kwetlisetswa ho sebetsa polasing kapa fekethering. A ka sebeletsa mohiri ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse, mme monna ya lokelang ho mo fa ditaelo e ka ba ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse. Ke hobaneng ha re sa lokela ho qala ho qabana le batho ba batsho? mme ha ke tlo buisana le bona.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Ho fetoha ha puo ya taelo ho ile ha qobella barutwana ho tsepamisa mohopolo tabeng ya ho utlwisisa puo, ho ena le boitsebiso ba thuto. Seo se ile sa etsa hore tlhahlobo e tebileng ya ditaba e be thata mme ya nyahamisa monahano o tebileng.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Sekgopi se ile sa hola ho fihlela ka la 30 Mmesa 1976, ha bana ba Orlando West Junior School Soweto ba kena seteraekeng mme ba hana ho kena sekolo. Borabele ba bona bo ile ba namela dikolong tse ding tse ngata Soweto. Baithuti ba Batho ba batsho ba Aforika Borwa ba ile ba ipelaetsa hobane ba ne ba dumela hore ba lokelwa ke ho tshwarwa le ho rutwa jwaloka makgowa a Aforika Borwa. Hape, ke batho ba fokolang haholo ba buang Se-afrikanse Soweto. Moithuti ya tswang Sekolong se Phahameng sa Morris Isaacson, Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, o sisintse kopano ka la 13 Phuptjane 1976 ho buisana ka se lokelang ho etswa. Baithuti ba thehile Komiti ya Tshebetso, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsejwa e le Lekgotla la Baemedi ba Baithuti ba Soweto,<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> e ileng ya hlophisa mokoloko wa baithuti ka bongata bakeng sa la 16 Phuptjane ho etsa hore sello sa bona se sa thehelwe tsebe.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> == Merusu == Hoseng ka di 16 Phuptjane 1976, baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba pakeng tsa 3,000 le 20,000<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/rabblerouserforp00john</ref> ba ile ba tsamaya ho tloha dikolong tsa bona ho ya Orlando Stadium bakeng sa mokoloko wa boipelaetso ba ho ithuta Se-afrikanse sekolong. Baithuti ba bangata bao hamorao ba ileng ba kopanela boipelaetsong ba ile ba fihla dikolong hoseng hoo ba sa tsebe letho ka boipelaetso boo empa ba dumela ho kenella. Boipelaetso bona bo ne bo rerilwe ke Komiti ya Tshebetso ya Lekhotla la Baithuti ba Soweto (SSRC) ka tshehetso ya Black Consciousness Movement e pharaletseng.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033714/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2006/06/19safrica.html</ref> Matitjhere a Soweto le ona a tsheheditse mohwanto ka mora hore Komiti ya Tshebetso e hatise boitshwaro bo botle le diketso tsa kgotso.Tsietsi Mashinini o ile a etella pele baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Morris Isaacson ho ikopanya le ba bang ba tsamaileng sekolong se phahameng sa Naledi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060614021718/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm</ref>Baithuti ba ile ba qala mohwanto, empa ba ile ba fumana hore mapolesa a ne a thibile tsela,tseleng eo ba neng ba rerile ho e tsamaya. Moetapele wa komiti ya tshebetso o ile a kopa letshwele hore le se ke la qholotsa mapolesa, mme mohwanto o ile wa tswela pele ka tsela e nngwe mme qetellong o ile wa fella haufi le Orlando High School.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061007144442/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/may/may23_mputhistreet.stm</ref> Letshwele la baithuti le pakeng tsa 3,000 le 10,000 le ile la leba sebakeng sa sekolo.Barutwana ba ne ba bina le ho tsoka dipolakate tse nang le mapetjo a kang, “Down with Afrikaans”, “Viva Azania” le “Haeyba re tlameha ho etsa Se-afrikanse, Vorster o tlameha ho etsa Sezulu”.Mapolesa a ile a beha ntja ya ona e kwetlisitsweng ho baipelaetsi, ba ileng ba arabela ka ho e bolaya. Jwale mapolesa a ile a qala ho thunya bauthuti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308053144/http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Hector Pieterson's Grave, Avalon Cemetery, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Lebitla la Hector]] Hara baithuti ba pele ba ileng ba thunngwa ke Hastings Ndlovu ya dilemo di 15 le Hector Pieterson ya dilemo tse 12, ba ileng ba thunngwa Sekolong se Phahameng sa Orlando West.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Raditshwantsho Sam Nzima o ile a nka senepe sa Hector Pieterson ya neng a shwa ha a ne a nkuwa ke Mbuyisa Makhubo mme a felehetswa ke kgaitsedi ya hae, Antoinette Peterson, e ileng ya fetoha letshwao la merusu ya Soweto. Ditlhaselo tsa mapolesa ho baipelaetsi di ile tsa tswela pele, mme batho ba 23 ba ile ba hlokahala ka letsatsi la pele merusung ya Soweto. Hara bona ho ne ho ena le Melville Edelstein, eo e neng e le setsebi sa kahisano le thuto mme a nehetse boiteko ba hae mererong ya diphallelo le tsa boiketlo ba setjhaba sa Soweto. A sebetsa e le Motlatsi wa Ofisiri e ka Sehloohong ya Boiketlo, Edelstein o ile a theha merero e mengata e reretsweng ho thusa batjha, ba nang le bokowa, ba futsanehileng, le baahi ba sotlehileng ka hare ho Soweto. O ile a tlepetswa ka majwe ke mokgopi mme a sala a ena le letshwao molaleng la hae le reng, “Hlokomela Se-afrikanse ke sethethefatsi se kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bokamoso ba rona”. Tlhekefetso e ile ya mpefala, kaha diholo tsa jwala le diholo tsa dibiri, tse bonwang e le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso wa Kgatello, di ne di tobane le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso. Merusu e ile a kokobela bosiu. Dikoloi tsa mapolesa le dikoloi tse hlometseng tsamaya diterateng bosiu bohle.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877058-35-6</ref> Ditliliniki tsa maemo a tshohanyetso di ne di tletse bana ba lemetseng le ba nang le madi. Maponesa a ile a kopa hore sepetlele se fane ka lenane la bohle ba nang le maqeba a dikulo ho ba qosa bakeng sa merusu. <ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref>Mookamedi wa sepetlele o ile a fetisetsa kopo eo ho dingaka, empa dingaka di ile tsa hana ho etsa lenane leo. Dingaka di ile tsa tlaleha maqeba a dikulo e le bokgopo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto_uprising#cite_note-sahistory-14</ref><ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Maponesa a hlometseng a 1,500 a ile a romellwa Soweto ka la 17 Phuptjane a nkile dihlomo, ho kenyeletswa dithunya tse itshebetsang, dithunya le dikhabone.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Ba ile ba pota-pota ka dikoloi tse hlometseng tse nang le dirwala-nkgwana tse shebileng sebaka ho tswa hodimo. Sesole sa Aforika Borwa le sona se ile sa laelwa se eme jwalo ka tsela ya ho bontsha tshereletso . Mekgwa ya ho laola bongata ba batho e neng e sebediswa ke mapolesa a Aforika Borwa ka nako eo e ne e kenyelletsa haholo mekgwa ya ho qhalakanya. Makgolo kgolo a batho a ile a tshwarwa , ho kopanyelletswa le mohanyetsi Connie Mofokeng, ya ileng a hlokofatswa bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding.<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/connie-mofokeng</ref> '''Mahlatsipa le ditlamorao''' Palo ya batho ba hlokahetseng hangata e tsebahala e le 176, mme ho hakanngwa hore ke 700. Palo ya pele ya mmuso e boletse hore ke baithuti ba 23 feela ba bolailweng,<ref>https://alansinger.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/apartheidsouthafricaandthesowetorebellion.pdf</ref> ha palo ya ba lemetseng e ka ba batho ba fetang 1,000. Baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba ile ba bolaya maponesa a makgowa a mabedi merusung eo , e mong wa bona e le Melville Edelstein.<ref>http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1996%5C9607/s960723j.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2018-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023160644/http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Dr-Melville-Edelstein-and-South-Africas-1976-Soweto-uprising-459090</ref> Dikgohlano di ile tsa etsahala ha mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ntse o qobellwa ho "fetola" apartheid(mmuso wa kgatello) mahlong a matjhaba ho ya ka mokgwa o bo "bebe". Ka Mphalane 1976, Transkei, Bantustan ya pele, e phatlaladitse bo "ikemelo" ke mmuso. Boiteko boo ba ho bontsha "boitlamo" boo ho thweng ke "Aforika Borwa" ba ho ikemela bo ile ba nyopa, leha ho le jwalo, kaha Transkei e ne e songwa seriti matjhaabeng jwalo ka naha ya dipopae. Ho mmuso, merusu e ile tsebahala e le phephetso eya bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ya mmuso wa kgatello. Ho hloka botsitso moruong le dipolotiking hoo ho bakileng ho ile ha mpefatswa ke ho nyatswa ho matla ke matjhaba. E ne e kaba dilemo tse 14 pele [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokollwa tjhankaneng, empa mmuso o ne o ke ke wa tsosolosa khotso e lekanyeditseng le botsitso setjhabng dilemong tsa pele tsa bo 1970"s, ha kganyetso ya batho ba batsho e ntse e eketseha. Mekgatlo ya tokoloho e neng e fokodisitswe kapa e lelekilwe naheng e ile ya fumana matla a matjha ha letshwele le thaothelang ho kena sesoleng. Batho ba bangata ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba halefisitswe ke diketso tsa mmuso Soweto. Letsatsi ka mora polao, baithuti ba makgowa ba ka bang 400 ba tswang Univesithing ya Witwatersrand ba ile ba hwanta ho potoloha le toropo ya Johannesburg ho ipelaetsa ka polao ya bana. <ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/year-fire-year-ash-soweto-revolt-roots-revolution-baruch-hirson</ref>Basebetsi ba batho ba batsho le bona ba ile ba kena seteraekeng mme ba ikopanya le bona ha letsholo le ntse le tswela pele. Ho ile ha boela ha qhoma merusu le makeisheneng a batho ba batsho metseng e meng naheng ya Aforika Borwa. Mekhatlo ya baithuti e ile ya lebisa matla le kgalefo ya batjha ho kganyetso ya dipolotiki. Baithuti ba Thembisa ba ile ba hlophisa mohwanto o atlehileng o se nang dikgoka, empa boipelaetso bo tshwanang bo neng bo tshwaretswe Kagiso bo ile ba lebisa hore mapolesa a emise sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba le mohwantong, a ba qobella ho kgutlela morao, le ho bolaya bonyane batho ba bahlano ha ho ntse ho emetswe ho thuswa. merusu e ile ya fela ka la 18 Phuptjane.Direkoto le meaho ya tsamaiso ya Univesithi yaa Zululand di ile tsa tjheswa, mme batho ba 33 ba ile ba hlokahala merusung ya [[Port Elizabeth]] ka Phato. Cape Town, batho ba 92 ba ile ba hlokahala pakeng tsa kgwedi ya Phato le Lwetse. Bongata ba tshollo ya madi bo ne bo fokotsehile bofelong ba 1976, ha lenane la ba hlohaketseng le ne le le ka hodimo ho 600. Dikgohlano tse neng di tswelang pele Soweto di ile tsa a baka tsitsipano ho moruo. Ranta ya Aforika Borwa e ile ya hloka boleng ba teng , mme mmuso wa eba mathateng. [[African National Congress]] e ile ya hatisa le ho aba dipampitshana tse nang le lepetjo le reng "Free Mandela, Hang Vorster". Hang-hang e ile ya amahanya taba ya puo le lefa la yona la phetoho le lenaneo mme ya thusa ho theha karolo ya yona e ka sehloohong. (Sheba "Selemo sa Mollo, Selemo sa Ash", sa Baruch Hirson, bakeng sa dipuisano tsa bokgoni ba ANC ba ho tsamaisa kgalefo e tsebahalang.) Sehopotso le Musiamo wa Hector Pieterson di ile tsa bulwa Soweto ka selemo sa 2002, haufi le moo Hector ya neng ale dilemo di 12 a ileng a thunngwa ka la 16 Phuptjane 1976. <ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know? https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know?]</ref> '''Maikutlo a matjhaba''' Lekhotla la Tshireletso la Matjhaba a Kopaneng le pasisitse Qeto ya 392, e ileng ya nyatsa ka matla ketsahalo ena le mmuso wa kgatello.<ref>http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/392</ref> Beke ka moraa hore merusu e qale, Mongoli wa Naha wa United States Henry Kissinger o ile a kopana le Mopresidente wa Naha ya Aforika Borwa Vorster naheng ya Jeremane Bophirimela ho buisana ka boemo ba Rhodesia, empa moferefere ya Soweto ha ya ka ya hlahella dipuisanong.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=EpH4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804793858</ref>Kissinger le Vorster ba kopane hape Pretoria ka Lwetse 1976, le baithuti ba Soweto le dibakeng tse ding moo ba ipelaetsa ka ketelo ya hae le ho lelekwa ke maponesa.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19760918&id=tyBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6309,975130&hl=en</ref> '''Polao ya 1986''' Bosiung ba la 26 Phato 1986, maponesa a ile a thunya pontshong ya White City. Ba ile ba bolaya batho ba pakeng tsa 20 le 25, mohlomong ba fetang 60, mme ba ntsha kotsi ba ka hodimo ho 60. Mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ile wa bolela ka molao hore ho hlohaketse batho ba 11 empa hamorao ya palo nyolosetsa ho 12. Lefapha la ditaba la Aforika Borwa le boletse hore maponesa a ile a thunya ka makgetlo a mabedi, ka mora hore qhomane e akgelwe mme ya lematsa maponesa a mane. Baahi ba boletse hore ntwa e qalile ha di ofisiri tsa sebaka seo di ne di batla ho leleka bahiri ba neng ba hana ho lefa rente ka dikgwedi tse pedi e le karolo ya boipelaetso bo bongata. Mabotho a tshireletso ho boleloa hore qalong a ile a sebedisa kgase e llisang ho qhalanya matshwele. Hamorao, moahi e mong o ile a letsetsa moqolotsi wa ditaba ho re, "Maponesa a thunya ka ho le letshehadi le ka ho le letona. Ba qeta ho thunya monna-moholo. Ba thunya bohle, ntho e nngwe le e nngwe ".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/27/world/11-reported-slain-and-62-wounded-in-soweto-battle.html</ref> Moetapele wa UDF Frank Chikane o hlalositse diketso tsa maponesa "jwalokaha eka di kena sebakeng sa dira, dithunya di ntse di tuka." Letona la Tlhahisoleseding Louis Nel hamorao o ile a nyatswa ha a bua sebokeng sa boraditaba, "Ho se ke ha eba le ho se utlwisisane mabapi le taba ya sebele e kotsing. Ha se taba ya khiriso, ha se boteng ba mabotho a tshireletso dibakeng tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho, ha se matsatsi a itseng a kgopotso, hase mananeo a sekolo. Ho ketolwa ka mabifi ha naha ya Aforika Borwa ke yona taba."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAEFsz6PAM</ref> E le ho iphetetsa, lekhanselara la toropo la motho e motsho le ile la bolawa letsatsi le hlahlamang, la bolawa ke setjhaba. Ka la 4 Lwetse, mapolesa a ile a tshela khase e llisang lebaleng le neng le tletse ho emisa lepato le leholo la batho ba neng ba bolaiwe ka bo bangata, a fiela Soweto le ho tlosa ditshebeletso tse ding tse neng di tshwerwe, ho kenyeletsa e neng e tshwaretswe Regina Mundi Roman Catholic, moo dintho tsa kgase e llisang di ileng tsa akgelwa ka beseng e nang le batho ba tlileng mokgohlaneng. Tshebeletso e neng e tshwaretswe Avalon Cemetery eo ho tlalehilweng hore dikete-kete di bokane ho yona e ile ya qhalakanngwa ka khase e llisang le dikoloi tse hlometseng. Ho ile ha tlalehwa hore kgase e llisang e nngwe e ne e theoha hodimo ho tswa serwala-nkgwana ho qhalanya letshwele le neng le bokane mabitleng.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/13f42abb6e4ecedd927dd1b1d2d68ec5</ref> == Metjheng ya ditaba == Ditshwantso tsa merusu di ile tsa tlala lefatsheng lohle mme tsa tshosa batho ba dimilione. Senepe sa setopo sa Hector Pieterson, jwalokaha se nkilwe ke raditshwantsho Sam Nzima, se ile sa baka kgalefo le ho theola lenyatso matjhaba kgahlanong le mmuso wa kgethollo. Merusu ya Soweto e ile ya bontshwa filiming ya 1987 ke motsamaisi Richard Attenborough, Cry Freedom le filiming ya mmino ya 1992 Sarafina! le motlhahisi wa mmino wa lebitso le tshwanang ka Mbongeni Ngema. Merusu e boetse e khothaleditswe buka ya A Dry White Season ka Andre Brink le filiming ya 1989 ya sehlooho se tshwanang. Merusu ena e boetse e hlahile filiming ya 2003 ya Stander e buang ka leshodu le tummeng hampe la banka le mokapotene wa mehleng wa seponesa Andre Stander. Mantswe a pina ya "Soweto Blues" ya Hugh Masekela le Miriam Makeba a hlalosa Merusu ya Soweto le karolo ya bana ho yona. '''Seya-le-moya''' Ka Phuptjane 1996, Ulwazi Educational Radio Project ya Johannesburg e ile ya hlophisa tshwantshiso ya seya-le-moya e nkang hora, dilemo tse 20 ka mora merusu e neng e bontsha diketsahalo tsa 16 Phuptjane ho ya ka pono ya batho ba neng ba dula Soweto ka nako eo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2514000/2514467.stm</ref> Bongata ba baithuti ba neng ba rera kapa ba kenela merusu, mmoho le dipaki tse ding, ba nkile karolo, ho kenyeletswa raditshwantsho Peter Magubane, motlalehi Sophie Tema le Tim Wilson, ngaka ya lekgowa e boletseng hore Pieterson o hlokahalletse Sepetleleng sa Baragwanath. Lenaneo le ile la haswa ho SABC le diya-le-moya tsa selehae ho phatlalla le Aforika Borwa. Selemong se latelang, BBC Radio 4 le BBC World Service di ile tsa phatlalatsa phetolelo e ntjhafaditsweng e nang le dipuisano tse ntjha, The Day Apartheid Shoed.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5085450.stm</ref> Lenaneo le bile boemong ba bobedi dikgaung tsa 1998 tsa European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) TV & Radio Awards hape le dikgaung tsa Media tsa 1998 tsa One World International Broadcasting Trust mme le ile la babatswa haholo dikgaung tsa seya-le-moya tsa 1998 tsa Prix Italia. Ka Motsheanong 1999, e ile ya phatlalatswa hape ke BBC Radio 4 e le The Death of Apartheid ka kenyelletso e ntjha e faneng ka moelelo o eketsehileng wa histori bakeng sa bamamedi ba Borithane ke Anthony Sampson, mohlophisi wa mehleng wa Drum magazine le mongodi wa biography e dumelletsweng (1999) ya Nelson Mandela. Sampson o ile a amahanya dintlha tse tswang ho BBC Sound Archive tse ileng tsa rala ntwa ya nako e telele kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe ya Sharpeville ya 1960 le merusu ya 1976 le polao ya Steve Biko ho fihlela Mandela a lokollwa tjhankanneng ka 1990 le puo ya mopresidente wa kamoso moo a ileng a amohela molato o kolotwang ke baithuti bohle ba Soweto ba 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Merusu ya 1976]] [[Category:Aforika Borwa ka 1976]] [[Category:Soweto]] [[Category:Dipolao tsa 1976]] [[Category:Sehloho sa 1976]] dji9es8os9fujoz825qqgohd1b458cr 33557 33556 2025-06-25T07:58:09Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hector Pieterson Memorial, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Sehopotso sa merusu ya Soweto]] '''Phetohelo ya Soweto''', hape e tsebahalang ka merusu ya Soweto e ne e le letoto la boipelaetso le boipelaetso bo neng bo etelletswe pele ke Bana ba sekolo ba batho batsho naheng ya Aforika Borwa nakong ya mmuso wa kgatello kapa kgethollo ya merabe e ileng ya qala hoseng ka letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575204.stm</ref> Baithuti ba ne ba tswa dikolong tse fapaneng ba ile ba qala ho ipelaetsa mmileng ya motse wa [[Soweto]] moo ba neng ba arabela ka ho kenngwa leleme la [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]], e ne e nkwa ke batho ba bangata ba batsho e le "puo yaa bahatelli", e le mokhwa wa ho ruta dikolong tsa batho ba batsho esebediswa jwalonka puo eka pele dithutong .<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/article/youth-struggle</ref>Baithuti ba ka bang dikete tse mashome a mabedi ho utlwahala ba ile ba nka karolo mohwantong. Ba ile ba kopana le maponesa a sehlooho moo bongata ba baithuti ba ileng ba kopana le dikulo ba thunya leho bolawa. Palo hare ya baithuti ba bolailweng morusung wa Soweto e ballwa ho lekgolo le mashome a supileng le metso e tsheletseng mme mehlodi e meng yona e re dipalo palo di ka ballwa ho makgolo a supileng.<ref>https://www.thoughtco.com/student-uprising-soweto-riots-part-1-43425</ref>Diketsahalo tsena di bile karolo ya bohlokwa ntweng ho ya ho lwantsha kgethollo ya merabe kaha di ile tsa tsosa kganyetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe Afrika Borwa ka bobedi naheng ya Aforika Borwa le matjhabeng. Ho hopoleng ketsahalo tsa letsatsi leo ,16 Phuptjane ke letsatsi la phomolo naheng ya Aforika Borwa ,mme le bitswa Tsatsi la batjha Matjhabeng , Letsatsi la 16 Phuptjane le tsebahala e le Letsatsi la Batjha la Afrika (DAC) .<ref>https://www.acerwc.africa/en/page/about-day-african-child</ref><ref>https://www.unicef.org/gabon/en/press-releases/day-african-child-demonstrates-importance-defending-childrens-rights-digital-space</ref> == Sesosa == [[File:DurbanSign1989.jpg|thumb|Senepe sa puo tsa kgethollo]] Baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Aforika Borwa sa batho ba batsho Soweto ba ile ba ipelaetsa kgahlanong le Molao wa [[Seburu|Se-Afrikaans]] Medium wa selemo sa 1974, o ileng wa qobella dikolo tsohle tsa batho ba batsho ho sebelisa Afrikaans le Senyesemane ka mokhwa o lekanang e le dipuo tse ka pele pele thutong.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref>Ho amahangwa ha Afrikaans le kgethollo ya merabe ho ile ha etsa hore batho ba batsho ba naheng ya Aforika Borwa ba kgethe Senyesemane. E ka sita le Bantustan ba ile ba kgetha Senyesemane le puo tse ding tsa Aforika Borwa e le puo tsa semmuso.Taelo ya molao wa 1974 o ne o reretswe ho qobella ho se kaba le ho fokotseha ha Seafrikanse ka hara batho ba batsho ba Afrika. Mmuso o neng o buswa ke Maafrikanere o ile wa sebedisa polelwana ya Molao wa Union of South Africa wa selemo sa 1909 o neng o amohela Senyesemane le Madache feela, mme wa ho qetela wa nkelwa sebaka ke Afrikaans ka 1925, e le dipuo tsa molao e le boikaketsi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150906111057/http://www.praesa.org.za/files/2012/07/Paper14.pdf</ref>Dikolo tsohle di ile tsa tlameha ho fana ka thuto ka Seafrikanse le Senyesemane e le dipuo, empa baithuti ba batho ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ile ba ithuta dithuto tse ding ka puo ya bona ya lapeng eleng afrikaanse. Motsamaisi wa Lebatowa wa Thuto ya Bantu (Lebatowa la Transvaal Leboya), J.G. Erasmus, o ile a bolella Bahlahlobi ba dikolo le Baetapele ba dikolo hore ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekgong 1975, Se-afrikanse se ne se tlameha ho sebediswa bakeng sa thuto ya dipalo le thuto ya kahisano ho tloha sehlopheng sa bohlano,ho latela Afrikaans Medium Decree. Senyesemane e ne e tla ba mokgwa wa ho ruta dithuto tse akaretsang tsa saense le tse sebetsang (ho etsa mosebetsi wa lapeng, ho loha, betla ka mapolanka, mosebetsi wa tshepe, bonono, saense ya tsa temo).<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Dipuo tsa matswallwa a naha di ne di tla sebediswa feela bakeng sa thuto ya bodumedi, mmino le ka setso. Taelo eo e ile ya halefisa batho ba batsho haholo. Desmond Tutu, mobishopo wa Basotho, o boletse hore Se-afrikanse e ne e le “puo ya mohatelli.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Punt Janson, Motlatsi wa Letona la Bantu Education, o ile a qotswa a re: "Monna e motsho a ka kwetlisetswa ho sebetsa polasing kapa fekethering. A ka sebeletsa mohiri ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse, mme monna ya lokelang ho mo fa ditaelo e ka ba ya buang Senyesemane kapa Se-afrikanse. Ke hobaneng ha re sa lokela ho qala ho qabana le batho ba batsho? mme ha ke tlo buisana le bona.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Ho fetoha ha puo ya taelo ho ile ha qobella barutwana ho tsepamisa mohopolo tabeng ya ho utlwisisa puo, ho ena le boitsebiso ba thuto. Seo se ile sa etsa hore tlhahlobo e tebileng ya ditaba e be thata mme ya nyahamisa monahano o tebileng.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Sekgopi se ile sa hola ho fihlela ka la 30 Mmesa 1976, ha bana ba Orlando West Junior School Soweto ba kena seteraekeng mme ba hana ho kena sekolo. Borabele ba bona bo ile ba namela dikolong tse ding tse ngata Soweto. Baithuti ba Batho ba batsho ba Aforika Borwa ba ile ba ipelaetsa hobane ba ne ba dumela hore ba lokelwa ke ho tshwarwa le ho rutwa jwaloka makgowa a Aforika Borwa. Hape, ke batho ba fokolang haholo ba buang Se-afrikanse Soweto. Moithuti ya tswang Sekolong se Phahameng sa Morris Isaacson, Teboho "Tsietsi" Mashinini, o sisintse kopano ka la 13 Phuptjane 1976 ho buisana ka se lokelang ho etswa. Baithuti ba thehile Komiti ya Tshebetso, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsejwa e le Lekgotla la Baemedi ba Baithuti ba Soweto,<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> e ileng ya hlophisa mokoloko wa baithuti ka bongata bakeng sa la 16 Phuptjane ho etsa hore sello sa bona se sa thehelwe tsebe.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> == Merusu == Hoseng ka di 16 Phuptjane 1976, baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba pakeng tsa 3,000 le 20,000<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/june-16-soweto-youth-uprising</ref> <ref>https://archive.org/details/rabblerouserforp00john</ref> ba ile ba tsamaya ho tloha dikolong tsa bona ho ya Orlando Stadium bakeng sa mokoloko wa boipelaetso ba ho ithuta Se-afrikanse sekolong. Baithuti ba bangata bao hamorao ba ileng ba kopanela boipelaetsong ba ile ba fihla dikolong hoseng hoo ba sa tsebe letho ka boipelaetso boo empa ba dumela ho kenella. Boipelaetso bona bo ne bo rerilwe ke Komiti ya Tshebetso ya Lekhotla la Baithuti ba Soweto (SSRC) ka tshehetso ya Black Consciousness Movement e pharaletseng.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130515033714/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2006/06/19safrica.html</ref> Matitjhere a Soweto le ona a tsheheditse mohwanto ka mora hore Komiti ya Tshebetso e hatise boitshwaro bo botle le diketso tsa kgotso.Tsietsi Mashinini o ile a etella pele baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng sa Morris Isaacson ho ikopanya le ba bang ba tsamaileng sekolong se phahameng sa Naledi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060614021718/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/june/jun12_june16.stm</ref>Baithuti ba ile ba qala mohwanto, empa ba ile ba fumana hore mapolesa a ne a thibile tsela,tseleng eo ba neng ba rerile ho e tsamaya. Moetapele wa komiti ya tshebetso o ile a kopa letshwele hore le se ke la qholotsa mapolesa, mme mohwanto o ile wa tswela pele ka tsela e nngwe mme qetellong o ile wa fella haufi le Orlando High School.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061007144442/http://www.joburg.org.za/2006/may/may23_mputhistreet.stm</ref> Letshwele la baithuti le pakeng tsa 3,000 le 10,000 le ile la leba sebakeng sa sekolo.Barutwana ba ne ba bina le ho tsoka dipolakate tse nang le mapetjo a kang, “Down with Afrikaans”, “Viva Azania” le “Haeyba re tlameha ho etsa Se-afrikanse, Vorster o tlameha ho etsa Sezulu”.Mapolesa a ile a beha ntja ya ona e kwetlisitsweng ho baipelaetsi, ba ileng ba arabela ka ho e bolaya. Jwale mapolesa a ile a qala ho thunya bauthuti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308053144/http://vryeafrikaan.co.za/site/lees.php?id=611 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[File:Hector Pieterson's Grave, Avalon Cemetery, Soweto.jpg|thumb|Lebitla la Hector Pieterson ]] Hara baithuti ba pele ba ileng ba thunngwa ke Hastings Ndlovu ya dilemo di 15 le Hector Pieterson ya dilemo tse 12, ba ileng ba thunngwa Sekolong se Phahameng sa Orlando West.<ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Raditshwantsho Sam Nzima o ile a nka senepe sa Hector Pieterson ya neng a shwa ha a ne a nkuwa ke Mbuyisa Makhubo mme a felehetswa ke kgaitsedi ya hae, Antoinette Peterson, e ileng ya fetoha letshwao la merusu ya Soweto. Ditlhaselo tsa mapolesa ho baipelaetsi di ile tsa tswela pele, mme batho ba mashome a mabedi a le metso e meraro ba ile ba hlokahala ka letsatsi la pele merusung ya Soweto. Hara bona ho ne ho ena le Melville Edelstein, eo e neng e le setsebi sa kahisano le thuto mme a nehetse boiteko ba hae mererong ya diphallelo le tsa boiketlo ba setjhaba sa Soweto. A sebetsa e le Motlatsi wa Ofisiri e ka Sehloohong ya Boiketlo, Edelstein o ile a theha merero e mengata e reretsweng ho thusa batjha, ba nang le bokowa, ba futsanehileng, le baahi ba sotlehileng ka hare ho Soweto. O ile a tlepetswa ka majwe ke mokgopi mme a sala a ena le letshwao molaleng la hae le reng, “Hlokomela Se-afrikanse ke sethethefatsi se kotsi ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa bokamoso ba rona”. Tlhekefetso e ile ya mpefala, kaha diholo tsa jwala le diholo tsa dibiri, tse bonwang e le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso wa Kgatello, di ne di tobane le dibaka tse ka thoko tsa mmuso. Merusu e ile a kokobela bosiu. Dikoloi tsa mapolesa le dikoloi tse hlometseng tsamaya diterateng bosiu bohle.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877058-35-6</ref> Ditliliniki tsa maemo a tshohanyetso di ne di tletse bana ba lemetseng le ba nang le madi. Maponesa a ile a kopa hore sepetlele se fane ka lenane la bohle ba nang le maqeba a dikulo ho ba qosa bakeng sa merusu. <ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref>Mookamedi wa sepetlele o ile a fetisetsa kopo eo ho dingaka, empa dingaka di ile tsa hana ho etsa lenane leo. Dingaka di ile tsa tlaleha maqeba a dikulo e le bokgopo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soweto_uprising#cite_note-sahistory-14</ref><ref>http://www.sadet.co.za/docs/RTD/vol2/Volume%202%20-%20chapter%207.pdf</ref> Maponesa a hlometseng a 1,500 a ile a romellwa Soweto ka la 17 Phuptjane a nkile dihlomo, ho kenyeletswa dithunya tse itshebetsang, dithunya le dikhabone.<ref>http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/june16/struggle.htm</ref> Ba ile ba pota-pota ka dikoloi tse hlometseng tse nang le dirwala-nkgwana tse shebileng sebaka ho tswa hodimo. Sesole sa Aforika Borwa le sona se ile sa laelwa se eme jwalo ka tsela ya ho bontsha tshereletso . Mekgwa ya ho laola bongata ba batho e neng e sebediswa ke mapolesa a Aforika Borwa ka nako eo e ne e kenyelletsa haholo mekgwa ya ho qhalakanya. Makgolo kgolo a batho a ile a tshwarwa , ho kopanyelletswa le mohanyetsi Connie Mofokeng, ya ileng a hlokofatswa bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding.<ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/connie-mofokeng</ref> '''Mahlatsipa le ditlamorao''' Palo ya batho ba hlokahetseng hangata e tsebahala e le 176, mme ho hakanngwa hore ke 700. Palo ya pele ya mmuso e boletse hore ke baithuti ba 23 feela ba bolailweng,<ref>https://alansinger.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/apartheidsouthafricaandthesowetorebellion.pdf</ref> ha palo ya ba lemetseng e ka ba batho ba fetang 1,000. Baithuti ba batho ba batsho ba ile ba bolaya maponesa a makgowa a mabedi merusung eo , e mong wa bona e le Melville Edelstein.<ref>http://www.justice.gov.za/trc/media%5C1996%5C9607/s960723j.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2018-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023160644/http://www.kevinharris.co.za/2012/06/the-life-death-of-a-good-man/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Dr-Melville-Edelstein-and-South-Africas-1976-Soweto-uprising-459090</ref> Dikgohlano di ile tsa etsahala ha mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ntse o qobellwa ho "fetola" apartheid(mmuso wa kgatello) mahlong a matjhaba ho ya ka mokgwa o bo "bebe". Ka Mphalane 1976, Transkei, Bantustan ya pele, e phatlaladitse bo "ikemelo" ke mmuso. Boiteko boo ba ho bontsha "boitlamo" boo ho thweng ke "Aforika Borwa" ba ho ikemela bo ile ba nyopa, leha ho le jwalo, kaha Transkei e ne e songwa seriti matjhaabeng jwalo ka naha ya dipopae. Ho mmuso, merusu e ile tsebahala e le phephetso eya bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ya mmuso wa kgatello. Ho hloka botsitso moruong le dipolotiking hoo ho bakileng ho ile ha mpefatswa ke ho nyatswa ho matla ke matjhaba. E ne e kaba dilemo tse 14 pele [[Nelson Mandela]] a lokollwa tjhankaneng, empa mmuso o ne o ke ke wa tsosolosa khotso e lekanyeditseng le botsitso setjhabng dilemong tsa pele tsa bo 1970"s, ha kganyetso ya batho ba batsho e ntse e eketseha. Mekgatlo ya tokoloho e neng e fokodisitswe kapa e lelekilwe naheng e ile ya fumana matla a matjha ha letshwele le thaothelang ho kena sesoleng. Batho ba bangata ba basweu ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba halefisitswe ke diketso tsa mmuso Soweto. Letsatsi ka mora polao, baithuti ba makgowa ba ka bang 400 ba tswang Univesithing ya Witwatersrand ba ile ba hwanta ho potoloha le toropo ya Johannesburg ho ipelaetsa ka polao ya bana. <ref>https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/year-fire-year-ash-soweto-revolt-roots-revolution-baruch-hirson</ref>Basebetsi ba batho ba batsho le bona ba ile ba kena seteraekeng mme ba ikopanya le bona ha letsholo le ntse le tswela pele. Ho ile ha boela ha qhoma merusu le makeisheneng a batho ba batsho metseng e meng naheng ya Aforika Borwa. Mekgatlo ya baithuti e ile ya lebisa matla le kgalefo ya batjha ho kganyetso ya dipolotiki. Baithuti ba Thembisa ba ile ba hlophisa mohwanto o atlehileng o se nang dikgoka, empa boipelaetso bo tshwanang bo neng bo tshwaretswe Kagiso bo ile ba lebisa hore mapolesa a emise sehlopha sa batho ba neng ba le mohwantong, a ba qobella ho kgutlela morao, le ho bolaya bonyane batho ba bahlano ha ho ntse ho emetswe ho thuswa. merusu e ile ya fela ka la 18 Phuptjane.Direkoto le meaho ya tsamaiso ya Univesithi ya Zululand di ile tsa tjheswa, mme batho ba 33 ba ile ba hlokahala merusung ya [[Port Elizabeth]] ka Phato. Cape Town, batho ba 92 ba ile ba hlokahala pakeng tsa kgwedi ya Phato le Lwetse. Bongata ba tshollo ya madi bo ne bo fokotsehile bofelong ba 1976, ha lenane la ba hlohaketseng le ne le le ka hodimo ho 600. Dikgohlano tse neng di tswelang pele Soweto di ile tsa a baka tsitsipano ho moruo. Ranta ya Aforika Borwa e ile ya hloka boleng ba teng , mme mmuso wa eba mathateng. African National Congress e ile ya hatisa le ho aba dipampitshana tse nang le lepetjo le reng "Free Mandela, Hang Vorster". Hang-hang e ile ya amahanya taba ya puo le lefa la yona la phetoho le lenaneo mme ya thusa ho theha karolo ya yona e ka sehloohong. (Sheba "Selemo sa Mollo, Selemo sa Ash", sa Baruch Hirson, bakeng sa dipuisano tsa bokgoni ba ANC ba ho tsamaisa kgalefo e tsebahalang.) Sehopotso le Musiamo wa Hector Pieterson di ile tsa bulwa Soweto ka selemo sa 2002, haufi le moo Hector ya neng ale dilemo di 12 a ileng a thunngwa ka la 16 Phuptjane 1976. <ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know? https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/hector-pieterson-memorial-site.htm#:~:text=The%20Hector%20Pieterson*%20Memorial%20and%20museum%20opened%20in,brutality%20of%20the%20apartheid%20government.%20Did%20you%20know?]</ref> '''Maikutlo a matjhaba''' Lekhotla la Tshireletso la Matjhaba a Kopaneng le pasisitse Qeto ya 392, e ileng ya nyatsa ka matla ketsahalo ena le mmuso wa kgatello.<ref>http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/392</ref> Beke ka moraa hore merusu e qale, Mongoli wa Naha wa United States Henry Kissinger o ile a kopana le Mopresidente wa Naha ya Aforika Borwa Vorster naheng ya Jeremane Bophirimela ho buisana ka boemo ba Rhodesia, empa moferefere ya Soweto ha ya ka ya hlahella dipuisanong.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=EpH4CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804793858</ref>Kissinger le Vorster ba kopane hape Pretoria ka Lwetse 1976, le baithuti ba Soweto le dibakeng tse ding moo ba ipelaetsa ka ketelo ya hae le ho lelekwa ke maponesa.<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19760918&id=tyBOAAAAIBAJ&pg=6309,975130&hl=en</ref> '''Polao ya 1986''' Bosiung ba la 26 Phato 1986, maponesa a ile a thunya pontshong ya White City. Ba ile ba bolaya batho ba pakeng tsa 20 le 25, mohlomong ba fetang 60, mme ba ntsha kotsi ba ka hodimo ho 60. Mmuso wa Aforika Borwa o ile wa bolela ka molao hore ho hlohaketse batho ba 11 empa hamorao ya palo nyolosetsa ho 12. Lefapha la ditaba la Aforika Borwa le boletse hore maponesa a ile a thunya ka makgetlo a mabedi, ka mora hore qhomane e akgelwe mme ya lematsa maponesa a mane. Baahi ba boletse hore ntwa e qalile ha di ofisiri tsa sebaka seo di ne di batla ho leleka bahiri ba neng ba hana ho lefa rente ka dikgwedi tse pedi e le karolo ya boipelaetso bo bongata. Mabotho a tshireletso ho boleloa hore qalong a ile a sebedisa kgase e llisang ho qhalanya matshwele. Hamorao, moahi e mong o ile a letsetsa moqolotsi wa ditaba ho re, "Maponesa a thunya ka ho le letshehadi le ka ho le letona. Ba qeta ho thunya monna-moholo. Ba thunya bohle, ntho e nngwe le e nngwe ".<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/27/world/11-reported-slain-and-62-wounded-in-soweto-battle.html</ref> Moetapele wa UDF Frank Chikane o hlalositse diketso tsa maponesa "jwalokaha eka di kena sebakeng sa dira, dithunya di ntse di tuka." Letona la Tlhahisoleseding Louis Nel hamorao o ile a nyatswa ha a bua sebokeng sa boraditaba, "Ho se ke ha eba le ho se utlwisisane mabapi le taba ya sebele e kotsing. Ha se taba ya khiriso, ha se boteng ba mabotho a tshireletso dibakeng tsa bodulo tsa batho ba batsho, ha se matsatsi a itseng a kgopotso, hase mananeo a sekolo. Ho ketolwa ka mabifi ha naha ya Aforika Borwa ke yona taba."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMAEFsz6PAM</ref> E le ho iphetetsa, lekhanselara la toropo la motho e motsho le ile la bolawa letsatsi le hlahlamang, la bolawa ke setjhaba. Ka la 4 Lwetse, mapolesa a ile a tshela khase e llisang lebaleng le neng le tletse ho emisa lepato le leholo la batho ba neng ba bolaiwe ka bo bangata, a fiela Soweto le ho tlosa ditshebeletso tse ding tse neng di tshwerwe, ho kenyeletsa e neng e tshwaretswe Regina Mundi Roman Catholic, moo dintho tsa kgase e llisang di ileng tsa akgelwa ka beseng e nang le batho ba tlileng mokgohlaneng. Tshebeletso e neng e tshwaretswe Avalon Cemetery eo ho tlalehilweng hore dikete-kete di bokane ho yona e ile ya qhalakanngwa ka khase e llisang le dikoloi tse hlometseng. Ho ile ha tlalehwa hore kgase e llisang e nngwe e ne e theoha hodimo ho tswa serwala-nkgwana ho qhalanya letshwele le neng le bokane mabitleng.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/13f42abb6e4ecedd927dd1b1d2d68ec5</ref> == Metjheng ya ditaba == Ditshwantso tsa merusu di ile tsa tlala lefatsheng lohle mme tsa tshosa batho ba dimilione. Senepe sa setopo sa Hector Pieterson, jwalokaha se nkilwe ke raditshwantsho Sam Nzima, se ile sa baka kgalefo le ho theola lenyatso matjhaba kgahlanong le mmuso wa kgethollo. Merusu ya Soweto e ile ya bontshwa filiming ya 1987 ke motsamaisi Richard Attenborough, Cry Freedom le filiming ya mmino ya 1992 Sarafina! le motlhahisi wa mmino wa lebitso le tshwanang ka Mbongeni Ngema. Merusu e boetse e khothaleditswe buka ya A Dry White Season ka Andre Brink le filiming ya 1989 ya sehlooho se tshwanang. Merusu ena e boetse e hlahile filiming ya 2003 ya Stander e buang ka leshodu le tummeng hampe la banka le mokapotene wa mehleng wa seponesa Andre Stander. Mantswe a pina ya "Soweto Blues" ya Hugh Masekela le Miriam Makeba a hlalosa Merusu ya Soweto le karolo ya bana ho yona. '''Seya-le-moya''' Ka Phuptjane 1996, Ulwazi Educational Radio Project ya Johannesburg e ile ya hlophisa tshwantshiso ya seya-le-moya e nkang hora, dilemo tse 20 ka mora merusu e neng e bontsha diketsahalo tsa 16 Phuptjane ho ya ka pono ya batho ba neng ba dula Soweto ka nako eo.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/16/newsid_2514000/2514467.stm</ref> Bongata ba baithuti ba neng ba rera kapa ba kenela merusu, mmoho le dipaki tse ding, ba nkile karolo, ho kenyeletswa raditshwantsho Peter Magubane, motlalehi Sophie Tema le Tim Wilson, ngaka ya lekgowa e boletseng hore Pieterson o hlokahalletse Sepetleleng sa Baragwanath. Lenaneo le ile la haswa ho SABC le diya-le-moya tsa selehae ho phatlalla le Aforika Borwa. Selemong se latelang, BBC Radio 4 le BBC World Service di ile tsa phatlalatsa phetolelo e ntjhafaditsweng e nang le dipuisano tse ntjha, The Day Apartheid Shoed.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5085450.stm</ref> Lenaneo le bile boemong ba bobedi dikgaung tsa 1998 tsa European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) TV & Radio Awards hape le dikgaung tsa Media tsa 1998 tsa One World International Broadcasting Trust mme le ile la babatswa haholo dikgaung tsa seya-le-moya tsa 1998 tsa Prix Italia. Ka Motsheanong 1999, e ile ya phatlalatswa hape ke BBC Radio 4 e le The Death of Apartheid ka kenyelletso e ntjha e faneng ka moelelo o eketsehileng wa histori bakeng sa bamamedi ba Borithane ke Anthony Sampson, mohlophisi wa mehleng wa Drum magazine le mongodi wa biography e dumelletsweng (1999) ya Nelson Mandela. Sampson o ile a amahanya dintlha tse tswang ho BBC Sound Archive tse ileng tsa rala ntwa ya nako e telele kgahlanong le kgethollo ya merabe ya Sharpeville ya 1960 le merusu ya 1976 le polao ya Steve Biko ho fihlela Mandela a lokollwa tjhankanneng ka 1990 le puo ya mopresidente wa kamoso moo a ileng a amohela molato o kolotwang ke baithuti bohle ba Soweto ba 16 Phuptjane 1976.<ref>http://www.gutenberg-e.org/pohlandt-mccormick</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Merusu ya 1976]] [[Category:Aforika Borwa ka 1976]] [[Category:Soweto]] [[Category:Dipolao tsa 1976]] [[Category:Sehloho sa 1976]] 2k68s3pgqo3xhf1r6imjy84vocqnkw4 0 9878 33551 33492 2025-06-25T07:48:00Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Greenhouse farming.jpg|thumb|Dijalo tsa ka tlung]] '''Batjha''' temong. Ho bohlokwa haholo ha batjha ba nka karolo ho tsa temo, ka hoo ho ruta batjha ka diphetoho tseo temo e tlang ka tsona, re bua ka moo lehodimo le fetohang ka teng.<ref>https://www.giz.de/expertise/html/60132.html</ref>E tlisa tsebo e ntjha ho batjha ka tsa temo le ho ntlafatsa tsela tse ntjha tsa polokeho ka hare ho sedikadikwe sena sa tsa temo .<ref>https://www.foodformzansi.co.za/7-impacts-of-climate-change-on-south-african-agriculture/</ref> Re na le mofuta wa temo eo moo re jalang ka hara matlwana a di polasitiki.<ref>https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/crops/vegetables/greenhouse-production/</ref> == Thekenoloji temong == [[File:UAV-IQ Conducting Drone Biological Control Operations in California.jpg|thumb|sefofanenyana se nosetsang]] [[File:Research-mapping plant genomes.jpg|thumb|tekenologi temong]] Hare ho dintho tse fapaneng tse thusang temong kajeno,ho kenyeletswa difofane tse nyane tse bitswang di Drone.<ref>https://tolluncrewedsystems.com/blog/how-drones-are-used-in-agriculture/</ref> Bahlalefi temong ba ile ba kopana ho e nngwe ya mekete ya tsa temo e bitsuwang NAMPO .<ref>https://www.grainsa.co.za/pages/nampo/nampo-home</ref> Disebediswa tse ding di kenyeletsa metjhini e kgonang ho laolwa ole ka tlung.<ref>https://www.fieldking.com/blogs/agriculture-machinery-and-their-uses/</ref> <ref>https://www.nordicsemi.com/Nordic-news/2022/04/iSiTechs-iSiTAG-uses-nRF52840-SoC-and-nRF21540-RF-FEM</ref> '''Dibaka tsa thuto''' [[File:Unfinished Tjheseho Community Skills Developmental Centre 03.jpg|thumb|Tsheseho sebaka sa thupello ]] Letona la Thuto e Phahameng, Saense le Boitlhabollo, Blade Nzimande le MEC ya Foreisetata Monghadi Makalo Mohale, ba ile ba thakgola Lenaneo la Dikaho tsa Motheo tsa Thuto ya Setjhaba Setsing sa Ntshetsopele ya Bokgoni sa Tjheseho motseng wa Petsana Reitz.<ref>https://fs.cetc.edu.za/tjheseho.html</ref> == Tjantjello ya batjha temong == [[File:Liam Condon.jpeg|thumb|puisano ho tsa temo]] Batjha ba naha ya Aforika Borwa ba bontsha tjantjello e kgolo temong naheng ya bona ,le ho boloka lefapha la dijo naheng.<ref>https://ecagriculture.gov.za/youths-passion-in-agriculture/</ref> Batjha ba bang ba na le lerato la temo ka lebaka la ho ba le kgahleho temong mme ba babang ba bona ba e bona e le monyetla wa ho ba bo rapolasi le ho tshireletsa dijo.<ref>https://includeplatform.net/blog/passionate-youth-for-agricultural-development/</ref> '''Thuto ka temo le menyetla''' Lefapha la tsa temo,di banka ,le di univesithi tsa naheng ya Aforika Borwa di fana ka thupello e keneletseng ho batjha ba etsang temo dikolong le ho fana ka dithusa thuto.<ref>https://dard.nwpg.gov.za/index.php/news/career-exhibition-evokes-passion-for-agriculture-amongst-school-learners/</ref><ref>https://www.sab.co.za/article/sab-graduation-stimulates-job-creation-and-skills-development-sa-agriculture</ref>Ho fana ka mapolasi ho batjha ba lemang meroho letse ding.<ref>https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/huge-opportunities-in-agriculture-and-agribusiness-for-graduate-african-youths-16970</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Temo]] [[Category:Polokeho ya dijo]] owwwgohm3l1i6lb7qd6ntnapeioybfj 0 9891 33563 33489 2025-06-25T11:36:20Z ElisaRamok 11798 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1279081490|Zulaikha Patel]]" 33563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zulaikha Patel''' (ya tswetsweng ka 2002) <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048</ref> ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa wa ho lwantshana le kgethollo ya morabe. O ile a fetoha sesupo sa ntwa kgahlanong le leano la [[:en:Pretoria_High_School_for_Girls|Sekolo se Phahameng sa Banana ba Pitoria]] mabapi le meriri ya bana ba banana ba batsho ka 2016, a le dilemo tse leshome le metso e meraro (13). Zulaikha le metswalle ya hae ya sekolong ba ile ba tshwara pontsho e ileng ya etsa hore ho be ho seke ha eba le phetoho feela mekgweng le tsamaisong ya sekolo, empa hape hore ho etswe dipatlisiso ka diqoso tsa kgethollo ya morabe sekolong <ref>Sixteen-year-old Zulaikha Patel plans radical naked protest against victim shaming | The Citizen</ref>. O qotsitswe a re: "Ho nkopa hore ke fetole moriri waka ho tshwana le ho nkopa hore ke hlakole botsho ba ka"<ref>http://www.you.co.za/lekker-sa/four-south-africa-women-make-it-on-bbcs-100-women-list-2016/</ref> . == Taba ya sekolo se Phahameng sa banana ba Pitoria (Pretoria Girls' High School) == Sekolo se Phahameng sa Banana sa Pitoria (Pretoria Girls' High School), se fumaneha, Pitoria, Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa. Sekolo sena se thehilwe ka selemo sa 1902, mme ha esale e le sa ba basweu ho tloha ha se thewa ho fihlela ka 1990, kaha dikolo tsa Afrika Borwa di ne di arohane ka lebaka la kgethollo ya merabe, empa ho tloha ka 1990, sekolo sena se bulehetse merabe yohle. Ho ya ka CNN, Khoutu ya Boitshwaro ya sekolo se phahameng sa Banana ba Pitoria ha e bue ka ho qoholleha ka afro empa, e beha melao ya ponahalo e akaretsang, ho kenyeletswa le ho laela hore mekgwa yohle "e lokela ho ba e bolokehileng, e hlophisehileng le ho latela yunifomo ya sekolo" <ref>Students protest school’s alledged racist hair policy | CNN</ref>. Matitjhere a ne a boleletse baithuti hore moriri wa bona wa afro ke "o sa tlwaelehang" mme o hloka ho thapiswa.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/31/africa/south-africa-school-racism/index.html</ref> Hoo ho ne ho bolela hore moriri wa banana o lokela ho otlollwa kapa ho tlamellwa morao, eseng hore o ebe jwaloka ka di afro <ref>South African schoolgirl REFUSES to tame her afro despite school rules, goes viral | Daily Mail Online</ref>. Zulaikha Patel e ne e le e mong wa baithuti ba etelletseng pele boipelaetso kgahlanong le Pretoria Girls High, kgahlano le leano la moriri la sekolo sa banana feela <ref name="Malgas">http://ewn.co.za/2016/11/23/four-south-africans-make-it-on-bbc-s-100-women-list-for-2016</ref> <ref>Pretoria Girls High School’s Discriminatory Hair Policy Sparks Protests | Teen Vogue</ref>. Batjha ba neng ba ipelaetsa ba ile ba tshosetswa ka ho tshwarwa, ha Zulaikha Patel a neng a etella pele boipelaetso bo kgutsitseng <ref>Zulaikha Patel led a Pretoria Girls High protest against the school's hair policy. The protest led to an inquiry into allegations of racism. She talks to... | By eNCAnews | Facebook </ref> <ref>Fighting the system: Zulaikha Patel and her fight against systemic racism - Girl Museum </ref>. Video e neng e hatisitswe ebile e manehilwe inthaneteng e ile ya bontsha Zulaikha Patel a tobane le balebedi ba bararo ba hlometseng ba tshireletso ba hirilweng ke batsamaisi ba sekolo ho fedisa boipelaetso <ref>Students protest school’s alledged racist hair policy | CNN</ref>. Video ena e ile ya baka dikgang tse kgolo sekolong. == Ditlamorao tsa menyabuketso ya Zulaikha == Menyabuketso ya Zulaikha Patel tsa ho ipelaetsa kgahlano le maano a sekolo sa Pretoria Girls High tsa moriri wa maAfrika di ile tsa bululela boipelaetso bo bong Afrika Borwa, sekolong se phahameng sa Lawson Brown se [[:en:Eastern_Cape|Eastern Cape]], le sekolong sa St. Michael's sa Banana se [[Mangaung|Bloemfontein]] moo batswadi ba ileng ba tshehetsa bana ba bona boipelaetsong boo <ref>https://www.theherald.co.za/news/2016-08-31-school-forced-to-step-down-over-hair-rules/</ref>. Boemo bono ba ditaba bo ile ba qholotsa batho ba lefatshe lohle hoo ba ileng qala ho arolelana le ho maneha ditshwatsho tsa bona tsa di-afros ho marangrang a dikgokahanyo le metjheng ya ditaba tsa setjhaba, ba tshehetsa baithuti ba banana ba sekolo se phahameng sa Pretoria <ref>What's your school's policy on hair? | News24</ref>. Ho ile ha latela ditaba tsa matjhaba <ref>Hair discrimination and cultural bias in South Africa’s education sector </ref>. Mekgahlelo ena ya boipelaetso di bontshitse hore dikgethollo tsa merabe di ntse di tswela pele, leha ho fedisitswe kgethollo ya merabe ka se molao 1991. <ref>Bouyat2023.pdf</ref> <ref>https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/31/africa/south-africa-school-racism/index.html</ref> Ho phephetsa ha Patel ho ile ha etsa hore ho be le boipelaetso le diphetoho tse eketsehileng. MEC ya Thuto ya [[:en:Gauteng|Gauteng]], Panyaza Lesufi o ile a etela sekolo se phahameng sa banana sa Pitoria ho mamela ditletlebo tsa baithuti ba batsho, eseng feela ka maano a moriri empa, le ka kgethollo ya morabe ka kakaretso sekolong <ref>Black PHSG pupils victims of racism - Panyaza Lesufi - POLITICS | Politicsweb</ref><ref>School hair policy was wrong says MEC | SAnews</ref><ref name=":0">Hair attacks part of racism, say officials</ref> . Ka mohlala, banana ha ba dumellwe ho bua dipuo tsa Afrika dibakeng tsa sekolo, ke Senyesemane feela kapa Afrikaans <ref name=":0" />. [[:en:Patrick_Gaspard|Patrick Gaspard]], moemedi wa Amerika mona Afrika Borwa, o ile a ngola ka Twitter: "Setjhaba sohle se na le melao. Ebile ka dinako tse ding melao eo e leeme mme e hloka ho pepeswa le ho hanyetswa"<ref>In South Africa, Black Hair Matters - American Renaissance</ref> . Kopo ya inthaneteng ene ena le dipalo tse ka bang dikete tse mashome a mabedi le metso e mehlano(25,0000) <ref name="Al Jazeera">S Africa: Black students protest ‘racist’ hair rules | Racism News | Al Jazeera</ref> [[:en:Gauteng_Department_of_Education|. Lefapha la Thuto la Gauteng]] le emisitse leano la moriri. == Tlotlo == O ile a fumana tlotlo ya hoba e emong ka hara basadi ba lekgolo 100 ba BBC ka selemo sa 2016.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048</ref> == Dibuka == *  Patel,Zulaikha (July 2021). My Coily Crown Hair. Lingua Franca. == Mehlodi == <references /> {{Reflist}} 8a1c9iv5j236zsflsc4lsih989uh66j 0 9897 33520 2025-06-25T05:44:35Z KeMang?? 6412 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1292759894|Saulspoort]]" 33520 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saulspoort''' (e tsejwang hape e le '''Moruleng''' ) <ref name="saflii">"Pilane and Another v Pheto and Others"''.''</ref> ke motsana o Afrika Borwa, mosikong o ka leboya wa Pilanesberg, hoo e ka bang dikilomitara tse 65.&nbsp;km ka leboya ho [[Rustenburg]] . E ile ya rehellwa ka morena wa mehleng [[Basotho-Tswana|wa baKgatla]], Tsheole,yea neng a bitswa Saule ke bajaki ba pele. <ref>''Raper, Peter E. (1987).''</ref> E ile ya thehwa ha Henri Gonin, moromuwa wa Switzerlandyea neng a e-na le Kereke ya Dutch Reformed a pakela leloko la baKgatla, a fallela polasing ya Saulspoort, e neng e le ya mopresidente wa morao Paul Kruger ; Qetellong Kruger o ile a rekisetsa Gonin polasi ka 1869. <ref name="M.A.,Th./Ph.D2014">''Daniel J. Theron (31 March 2014).''</ref> Ka 1895 baKgatla ba ile ba reka boholo ba Saulspoort hotswa Gonin. <ref name="malb">''Mbenga, Bernard; Morton, Fred (24 April 1997).''</ref> == Mehlodi == {{Reflist}}{{Bojanala District Municipality}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Mmasepala wa Moses Kotane]] 1363s67puhmu3j1tq1806wyeujppnox 33521 33520 2025-06-25T05:44:55Z KeMang?? 6412 33521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saulspoort''' (e tsejwang hape e le '''Moruleng''' ) <ref name="saflii">"Pilane and Another v Pheto and Others"''.''</ref> ke motsana o Afrika Borwa, mosikong o ka leboya wa Pilanesberg, hoo e ka bang dikilomitara tse 65.&nbsp;km ka leboya ho [[Rustenburg]] . E ile ya rehellwa ka morena wa mehleng [[Basotho-Tswana|wa baKgatla]], Tsheole,yea neng a bitswa Saule ke bajaki ba pele. <ref>''Raper, Peter E. (1987).''</ref> E ile ya thehwa ha Henri Gonin, moromuwa wa Switzerlandyea neng a e-na le Kereke ya Dutch Reformed a pakela leloko la baKgatla, a fallela polasing ya Saulspoort, e neng e le ya mopresidente wa morao Paul Kruger ; Qetellong Kruger o ile a rekisetsa Gonin polasi ka 1869. <ref name="M.A.,Th./Ph.D2014">''Daniel J. Theron (31 March 2014).''</ref> Ka 1895 baKgatla ba ile ba reka boholo ba Saulspoort hotswa Gonin. <ref name="malb">''Mbenga, Bernard; Morton, Fred (24 April 1997).''</ref> == Mehlodi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mmasepala wa Moses Kotane]] npzacjzu5dvfil4z85i1sxte95h2cv2 0 9898 33527 2025-06-25T07:25:06Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Created page with "'''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe. == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota. Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo..." 33527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe. == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota. Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo . == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen. == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == 3l3lepf0bjkyrk9dlbhfc7dwj2bwrco 33528 33527 2025-06-25T07:26:18Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota. Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo . == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen. == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == spa39v4cdicklzpfjokva15sdifa25v 33529 33528 2025-06-25T07:27:53Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo . == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen. == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == 4vj1nkbg5ltzj73u6u01oqsdht42s2n 33530 33529 2025-06-25T07:29:16Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo . == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen. == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == 2fusaf3sjanvuil1dr5eoctm8utqhjs 33531 33530 2025-06-25T07:30:29Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33531 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing Ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshen. == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == hsrzxrg8t3060tsczs11o4oicbxagkh 33532 33531 2025-06-25T07:32:58Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshene.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == 42j26drzy7omwghgjsoq0cbbbh010yt 33533 33532 2025-06-25T07:33:48Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshene.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == fmced1cpx2jazh7jgktjzb8tu6d8j25 33534 33533 2025-06-25T07:34:39Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33534 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshene.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Tshwane_University_of_Technology</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo makgetha == Mehlodi == 6vg6owerjxrtsvx6ctahf9kf8xls6zc 33535 33534 2025-06-25T07:37:22Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo. '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshene.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Tshwane_University_of_Technology</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo Makgetha-Kwinana<ref>https://satisfashionug.com/design-brand-to-know-thabo-makhetha/</ref> == Mehlodi == 4xbw336ztdcjwgiwkffbhx1ndlsfcw2 33536 33535 2025-06-25T07:39:39Z SANKOMOTA 11165 33536 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le feshene,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithusa thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di a tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,mme boqapi hoya ka botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo enbohlokwa hoba jwale oka kgona ho patlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo.<ref>https://www.meer.com/en/85076-social-medias-impact-on-fashion-trends</ref> '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithusa thuto matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi ka tsa feshene.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Tshwane_University_of_Technology</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == Thabo Makgetha-Kwinana<ref>https://satisfashionug.com/design-brand-to-know-thabo-makhetha/</ref> == Mehlodi == iygmuh0zgosuvpfswi3sec1zvkxekxn 33562 33536 2025-06-25T11:21:04Z KeMang?? 6412 K e lokositse diphoso tse ngata le ho ngola hore sengwolwa se etse moelelo 33562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batjha''' bopaqing le fesheneng,mehleng ya dilemong tsena feshene e bapala karolo e bohlokwa haholo maphelong a batho ba bangata kahara lefatshe.<ref>https://brandsouthafrica.com/177911/community/south-african-designers-take-to-the-world-stage-at-shanghai-fashion-week/</ref> == Feshene le thetho ya mesebetsi == Aforika borwa monyetla ya mesebetsi fasheneng e mengata haholo ,mme le dithuso thuto tse kang bopaqi ba tsa feshene di ya tholahala di Univesithing tsa naha le lefatshe ho pota.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/style/fashion/the-toughest-job-in-fashion-is-top-designer-for-a-luxury-brand-7adaaf6b</ref> Diaparo ke mekgabo ho bontsha bong ba motho e mong le emong ,le botjhaba.<ref>https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/sustainable-fashion/</ref>Ho roka ,ho taka diaparo ke enngwe ya dikgeo tse setseng dile ngata haholo .<ref>https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/06/19/drag-queens--edessa-school-of-fashion--milwaukee--class</ref> == Feshene le thekenoloji == Matsatsing ana thekenoloji e bapala karolo e bohlokwa hoba jwale o ka kgona ho phatlalatsa metako kapa boqapi ba diaparo,ho rekisa hotsa marang-rang a dikgokahanyo.<ref>https://www.meer.com/en/85076-social-medias-impact-on-fashion-trends</ref> '''Thuto''' Dikolo tse kang UNISA,CTCFD le Univesithi ya thekenoloji ya Tshwane,di na le dithuso thutong ya matlafatsong ya tsa boqapi le tsa feshene.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/faculties/art-design-and-architecture/departments-2/fashion-design/</ref><ref>https://ctcfd.co.za/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/institution/Tshwane_University_of_Technology</ref> == Ba tsebahalang == [[Thabo Makhetha-Kwinana.|Thabo Makgetha-Kwinana]].<ref>https://satisfashionug.com/design-brand-to-know-thabo-makhetha/</ref> == Mehlodi == 32h2301und9ix9ivbew7d6o19gf9i2n 0 9899 33559 2025-06-25T09:55:49Z KeMosotho 11078 Created page with "[[File:Writing History in the Digital Age.pdf|thumb|Nako ya bophelo ba dijithale.]] '''Dilemong''' tsa morao tjena, karolo eo batjha ba e bapalang lefapheng la [[:en:Technology|thekenoloji]] e ntse e hola haholo. Batjha ha ba sa le basebedisi feela ba thekenoloji, empa ke bona ba tsamaisang boqapi di-indastering tse fapaneng. Ho tloha ho ntshetsopele ya diepo (apps), ho fihlella ho bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) le diroboto, batha ba fuwa disebediswa le tsebo tse ba matlafa..." 33559 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Writing History in the Digital Age.pdf|thumb|Nako ya bophelo ba dijithale.]] '''Dilemong''' tsa morao tjena, karolo eo batjha ba e bapalang lefapheng la [[:en:Technology|thekenoloji]] e ntse e hola haholo. Batjha ha ba sa le basebedisi feela ba thekenoloji, empa ke bona ba tsamaisang boqapi di-indastering tse fapaneng. Ho tloha ho ntshetsopele ya diepo (apps), ho fihlella ho bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) le diroboto, batha ba fuwa disebediswa le tsebo tse ba matlafatsang ho qapa ditharollo tse nang le tshusumetso. Batjha ba bohlokwa ho ntshetsopele ya dijithale hape ba bohlokwa ho hlopheng lenaneo la boqapi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>https://www.un.org/en/site-search?query=youth+in+tech</ref> A mang a mabaka a etsang hore batjha ba atlehe lefapheng lena ke ho qala ba sa le banyenyane ho sebedisa disebediswa tsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoderDojo?utm_source=chatgpt.com dijithale]. Mananeo a thuto a reretsweng bana le batjha a thusa ho aha moloko o nang le tsebo ya thekenoloji.<ref>https://www.novaoneadvisor.com/report/online-coding-for-kids-market?utm_source=chatgpt.com</ref> == Baahi ba bokamoso ba boqapi == '''Boqapi''' bo etelletsweng pele ke batjha bo se bo qalile ho fetola di-indasteri le ho araba mathata a setjhaba. Batjha ke baenjiniere ba bokamoso ba susumetsang diphetoho tse ka thusang ntshetsopele e tsitsitseng, thuto, le bophelo bo botle ba setjhaba. Ka mananeo a matlafatsang mehopolo le ditlhodisano, batjha ha se basebedisi feela ba thekenoloji; e ba baetsi le baetapele ba fetolang lefatshe le ho le hokahanya le bokamoso.<ref>https://www.unicef.org/innovation/</ref> Leha ho le joalo, mathata a ntse a le teng, haholoholo tabeng ya ho fihlella disebediswa tsa dijithale le menyetla ho batjha ba tswang dibakeng tse nang le bofuma. Batjha ba tlisa boiqapelo le pono e ntjha tsamaisong ya dijithale, empa ba bangata ha ba fumane disebediswa kapa kwetliso. Ho kwala sekgeo sena sa dijithale ho bohlokwa haholo hore [[:en:Youth|batjha]] bohle ba be le monyetla o lekanang indastering ya theknoloji. Ho tshehetsa batjha bohle ka ho ba tataisa le ka dithuso tsa tjhelete ho tla thusa ho lokolla bokgoni ba bona ka botlalo, e le ho aha bokamoso bo lekanang ba dijithale.<ref>https://www.data4sdgs.org/</ref> == Mehlodi == [[Category:Batjha ho thekenoloji]] [[Category:Thekenoloji]] [[Category:Batjha]] 3yhqr3bdsjvh7m4zgcwivehr66lplxh 33560 33559 2025-06-25T10:05:13Z KeMosotho 11078 33560 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Writing History in the Digital Age.pdf|thumb|Nako ya bophelo ba dijithale.]] '''Dilemong''' tsa morao tjena, karolo eo batjha ba e bapalang lefapheng la [[:en:Technology|thekenoloji]] e ntse e hola haholo. Batjha ha ba sa le basebedisi feela ba thekenoloji, empa ke bona ba tsamaisang boqapi di-indastering tse fapaneng. Ho tloha ho ntshetsopele ya diepo (apps), ho fihlella ho bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) le diroboto, batha ba fuwa disebediswa le tsebo tse ba matlafatsang ho qapa ditharollo tse nang le tshusumetso. Batjha ba bohlokwa ho ntshetsopele ya dijithale hape ba bohlokwa ho hlopheng lenaneo la boqapi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=Site search |url=https://www.un.org/en/site-search?query=youth+in+tech |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> A mang a mabaka a etsang hore batjha ba atlehe lefapheng lena ke ho qala ba sa le banyenyane ho sebedisa disebediswa tsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoderDojo?utm_source=chatgpt.com dijithale]. Mananeo a thuto a reretsweng bana le batjha a thusa ho aha moloko o nang le tsebo ya thekenoloji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Coding for Kids Market Size to Hit USD 22.30 Billion by 2033 |url=https://www.novaoneadvisor.com/report/online-coding-for-kids-market?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.novaoneadvisor.com}}</ref> == Baahi ba bokamoso ba boqapi == '''Boqapi''' bo etelletsweng pele ke batjha bo se bo qalile ho fetola di-indasteri le ho araba mathata a setjhaba. Batjha ke baenjiniere ba bokamoso ba susumetsang diphetoho tse ka thusang ntshetsopele e tsitsitseng, thuto, le bophelo bo botle ba setjhaba. Ka mananeo a matlafatsang mehopolo le ditlhodisano, batjha ha se basebedisi feela ba thekenoloji; e ba baetsi le baetapele ba fetolang lefatshe le ho le hokahanya le bokamoso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of Innovation {{!}} UNICEF Office of Innovation |url=https://www.unicef.org/innovation/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Leha ho le joalo, mathata a ntse a le teng, haholoholo tabeng ya ho fihlella disebediswa tsa dijithale le menyetla ho batjha ba tswang dibakeng tse nang le bofuma. Batjha ba tlisa boiqapelo le pono e ntjha tsamaisong ya dijithale, empa ba bangata ha ba fumane disebediswa kapa kwetliso. Ho kwala sekgeo sena sa dijithale ho bohlokwa haholo hore [[:en:Youth|batjha]] bohle ba be le monyetla o lekanang indastering ya theknoloji. Ho tshehetsa batjha bohle ka ho ba tataisa le ka dithuso tsa tjhelete ho tla thusa ho lokolla bokgoni ba bona ka botlalo, e le ho aha bokamoso bo lekanang ba dijithale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data |url=https://www.data4sdgs.org/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.data4sdgs.org |language=en}}</ref><references /> == Mehlodi == [[Category:Batjha ho thekenoloji]] [[Category:Thekenoloji]] [[Category:Batjha]] hmuaj85d7drs4p72wlshbr6rfwdu22e 33561 33560 2025-06-25T10:06:38Z KeMosotho 11078 33561 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Writing History in the Digital Age.pdf|thumb|Nako ya bophelo ba dijithale.]] '''Dilemong''' tsa morao tjena, karolo eo batjha ba e bapalang lefapheng la [[:en:Technology|thekenoloji]] e ntse e hola haholo. Batjha ha ba sa le basebedisi feela ba thekenoloji, empa ke bona ba tsamaisang boqapi di-indastering tse fapaneng. Ho tloha ho ntshetsopele ya diepo (apps), ho fihlella ho bohlale ba maiketsetso (AI) le diroboto, batha ba fuwa disebediswa le tsebo tse ba matlafatsang ho qapa ditharollo tse nang le tshusumetso. Batjha ba bohlokwa ho ntshetsopele ya dijithale hape ba bohlokwa ho hlopheng lenaneo la boqapi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nations |first=United |title=Site search |url=https://www.un.org/en/site-search?query=youth+in+tech |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> A mang a mabaka a etsang hore batjha ba atlehe lefapheng lena ke ho qala ba sa le banyenyane ho sebedisa disebediswa tsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoderDojo?utm_source=chatgpt.com dijithale]. Mananeo a thuto a reretsweng bana le batjha a thusa ho aha moloko o nang le tsebo ya thekenoloji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Coding for Kids Market Size to Hit USD 22.30 Billion by 2033 |url=https://www.novaoneadvisor.com/report/online-coding-for-kids-market?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.novaoneadvisor.com}}</ref> == Baahi ba bokamoso ba boqapi == '''Boqapi''' bo etelletsweng pele ke batjha bo se bo qalile ho fetola di-indasteri le ho araba mathata a setjhaba. Batjha ke baenjiniere ba bokamoso ba susumetsang diphetoho tse ka thusang ntshetsopele e tsitsitseng, thuto, le bophelo bo botle ba setjhaba. Ka mananeo a matlafatsang mehopolo le ditlhodisano, batjha ha se basebedisi feela ba thekenoloji; e ba baetsi le baetapele ba fetolang lefatshe le ho le hokahanya le bokamoso.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Office of Innovation {{!}} UNICEF Office of Innovation |url=https://www.unicef.org/innovation/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Leha ho le joalo, mathata a ntse a le teng, haholoholo tabeng ya ho fihlella disebediswa tsa dijithale le menyetla ho batjha ba tswang dibakeng tse nang le bofuma. Batjha ba tlisa boiqapelo le pono e ntjha tsamaisong ya dijithale, empa ba bangata ha ba fumane disebediswa kapa kwetliso. Ho kwala sekgeo sena sa dijithale ho bohlokwa haholo hore [[:en:Youth|batjha]] bohle ba be le monyetla o lekanang indastering ya theknoloji. Ho tshehetsa batjha bohle ka ho ba tataisa le ka dithuso tsa tjhelete ho tla thusa ho lokolla bokgoni ba bona ka botlalo, e le ho aha bokamoso bo lekanang ba dijithale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data |url=https://www.data4sdgs.org/ |access-date=2025-06-25 |website=www.data4sdgs.org |language=en}}</ref> == Mehlodi == <references /> [[Category:Batjha ho thekenoloji]] [[Category:Thekenoloji]] [[Category:Batjha]] iroezx7hjj3oykjw2z3fad4aysehg22