Wikipedia stwiki https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leqephe_la_pele MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8838 37923 37512 2026-04-22T10:03:45Z Dumbassman 7165 37923 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Church in Mamafubedu.jpg|thumb|Kereke e Mamafubedu]] '''Mamafubedu''' ke torotswana ya dihwai le bo rapolasi dipakeng tsa Mafahlaneng, [[Tweeling]] le [[Maokeng]], [[Kroonstad]], leboya-botjhabela ho [[Ntha|Lindley]] porofenseng ya Foreisetata, [[Afrika Borwa]]. E bohareng ba sebaka sa temo se tsebahalang ka koro, poone, soneblomo, ditapole, dikgomo, ho tsoma le tlhahiso ya dinku. Ke toropo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ka hodima bophahamo ba lewatle Foreistata. Petrus Steyn e na le palo e hakanyetswang ya batho ba 12 800 ho latela diphetho tsa setjhaba tsa 2011. Ka 2012, Lekgotla la Mabitso a Sebaka la Afrika Boroa (SAGNC) le nkile qeto ea ho reha toropo ea Petrus Steyn hore e be Mamafubedu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240607010308/https://acbio.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ACB_GM_potato_objection.pdf</ref> == Nalane ya toropo == Monghadi Petrus Steyn o hlahile ka la 23 Phuptjane selemong sa 1842 ,a hlahela Robertson, profinseng ya Kapa Bophirima Afrika Borwa, mme a hlokahala ka la 7 Pudungwana selemong sa 1897. Toropo e ne e lokela ho bitswa Concordia, empa mohlolohadi wa mofu Petrus Paulus Steyn o ile a e rekisa ka tumello ya hore toropo e ntjha e rehellwe ka monna wa hae.[8] Polasi ya Sterkfontein e ile ya rekiswa ka thato ya Monghadi Steyn ka theko ya diponto tse 4 le disheleng tse 5 ka acre, e ileng ya rekwa ka la 11 Mphalane 1912, e leng letsatsi la semmuso leo Petrus Steyn e thehilweng ka lona. Noka ea Renoster[ e simolohile sebakeng sa 502, haufi le jarete ea lebitla la lelapa la Petrus Steyn. Hona jwale sebaka sena se ntse se ntlafatswa hore e be serapa sa boikgathollo le sa setjhaba.[10] Ka 2019 baahi ba Mamafubedu ba ile ba chesa ntlo ea Mamikie Mokoena, ramotse oa Masepala oa Sebaka sa Nketoana kaha baahi ba ntse ba sokola ka metsi le phano ea litšebeletso. == Diemahale == === Afrikaanse Taalmonument === Seemahale sa Puo ea Seafrikanse se entsoe ka majoe a phuthetsoeng ke baeti ka la 14 Phato 1975, ho keteka lilemo tse lekholo tsa Puo ea Seafrikanse. === Seemahale sa Wheel Wagon Ox === Seemahale sa Wheel Wagon Wheel se ile sa ahoa ka 1938, nakong ea mekete ea lilemo tse lekholo ea Great Trek. Mona, koloi ea likhomo ea Sarel Cilliers e siile litsela tsa eona hammoho le mehato ea barupeluoa e bolokiloe letlapeng la konkreite. Liemahale tse peli tse ka holimo li fumanoa setsing sa sechaba sa toropo se sekwereng sa Dirkie Uys, se reheletsoeng ka Dirkie Uys, mora oa Piet Uys ea ileng a etella pele leeto la kotlo khahlanong le Mazulu ka mor'a hore ba bolaee Piet Retief le banna ba hae ba 70 lesakeng la Dingane (bolulo). == Libaka tsa Lefa == === Lebitla la Petrus Steyn === Sebaka sa lebitla sa lelapa la Petrus Steyn se ile sa behoa ka 1898 tlas'a sefate sa eike 'me sebaka seo hona joale ke karolo ea Rhino Heritage Park. Sefate sa eike ke sefate sa khale ka ho fetisisa se tsejoang toropong. === General C.H Olivier === [[File:CH Olivier.jpg|thumb|Mogenerale wa Maburu,C.H Olivier]] General Cornelis Hermanus Olivier[18] e mong oa baemeli ba rometsoeng ho ea saena Tumellano ea Khotso ea Vereeniging ho felisa Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Anglo Boer ka 31 May 1902. E ne e le Leboer General mme a dula seterekeng sa Lindley moo a neng a ena le polasi. O patiloe lebitleng la khale la Petrus Steyn. Peace Treaty of Vereeniging, South Africa, 31 May 1902 (leqephe la 4 lijalo) - C. H. Olivier signature === Elandskop Hill === [[File:Image of Elandskop hill in Petrus Steyn.jpg|thumb|Thaba ya Elandskop]] Elandskop Hill e ka leboea ho toropo 'me nakong ea Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Anglo-Boer 1899-1902 [20] e ne e le sebaka se setle sa ho shebella Maburu le Borithane. Bakeng sa mabotho a Maburu e ne e le seteishene sa bohlokoa sa heliograph, haholo-holo hobane ntlo-khōlō ea General Christiaan de Wet le 'Muso oa Orange Free State e ne e le moo nako e telele haufi le toropo ea kajeno. Thaba e bolelele ba limithara tse 1,637 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle Free State. == Seteishene sa terene sa Petrus Steyn == Qetellong ke seteishene sa terene, se ileng sa buloa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1925, se ne se le ka sehokelo sa terene ho ea Heilbron. Hamorao ka bo-1930 mohala o ile oa atolosoa ho ea fihla Lindley le ho hokahana le mohala o moholo oa Arlington. Mohaho ona o nang le lilemo tse 100 joale o phatlalalitsoe e le sebaka sa lefa 'me haufinyane e tla fetoha lehae la Elandskop Museum. == Temo == Petrus Steyn hape ke e mong oa bahlahisi ba baholo ba litapole tse fuoang Lays le Simba. == Tshimoloho ya noka ya Kwakwatsi == Noka ya Renoster ke karolo ya noka ya Vaal mo Afrika Borwa. Noka ena e hlaha Petrus Steyn Foreisetata. Ho tloha qalong, noka e phalla leboya bophirima, e feta Heilbron ho kena Letamong la Koppies. Ho tloha moo, e phalla ka nqane ho Koppies ha e ntse e phalla tlasa tsela ya naha ya N1. Haufi le Viljoenskroon e phalla ka leboya-bophirimela, e phalla tlasa R59 le R501 mme e kopana le Noka ya Vaal e Renovaal, e ka bang dikhilomithara tse 25 ka bochabela ho Orkney.[22][[File:Near_the_eye_of_Rhinosterrivier_at_Rhino_Heritage_Park_,_Petrus_Steyn.jpg|thumb|Mohlodi wa noka ya Kwakwatsi]] == Batho ba tsoang ho Petrus Steyn == * [[JC "Jaap" Steyn]] (1938–2021) e ne e le moqolotsi wa ditaba, motlhatlheledi wa General Linguistics Univesithing ya Rand Afrikaans (eo hona jwale e leng Yunibesithi ya Johannesburg), hape e le moprofesa le mofuputsi Lefapheng la Seafrikanse le Sedache Univesithing ea Orange Free State.[23] * [[Ngaka Mothobi Lekota]], setsebi sa thuto ea bolumeli le moreri oa Lesedi FM. * [[Ennock Mlangeni]], moetsi oa litšoantšo.[26] * [[Twin Mosia]], mohlokomeli ea hapileng likhau tse ngata tsa musiamo. * Nkutu Jacob Miya, IBFF Africa Champion 2023 le semathi sa bobeli sa 2024. [36] ==Mehlodi== {{reflist}} kctxdpc373nlqwjylxp9dqbumbbujw4 0 10356 37922 37587 2026-04-22T10:01:46Z Dumbassman 7165 37922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan-Willem Breure''' (ya hlahileng ka la 22 Mphalane 1988) ke moetsi le moholahisi wa difilimi wa Rwanda-Dutch le motsamaisi wa mekete wa dikgau. Ke mothehi wa '''Dikgau tsa Septimius''', mokete o thehilweng [[Amsterdam]] o ananelwang ka sistimi ya ona ya "kontinenteng" e reretsweng ho kgothaletsa mefuta-futa ya lefatshe ka bophara dibaesekopong.<ref name="ForbesGe">"The Septimius Awards: The Oscars of Europe and the Rise of Jan-Willem Breure"''. Forbes Georgia. 2025-03-10.''</ref><ref>''Shanava, Nick (2025-03-10).'' "The Septimius Awards: The Oscars of Europe and the Rise of Jan-Willem Breure • Forbes Georgia"''. Forbes Georgia. Retrieved 2026-03-07.''</ref> == Bophelo ba pele le thuto == Breure o hlahetse naheng ya [[Rwanda]] mme hamorao a nkuwa ke lelapa la baromuwa la Madache. O qetile dilemo tsa hae tsa bonyenyane [[Kenya]] le [[Namibia]] pele a fallela [[Amsterdam]], [[Hôlanê|Netherlands]] . O ithutile Royal Academy of Art e The Hague, a ikgethile ka moralo wa metjha ya phatlalatso e sebedisanang. Phihlelo ya hae jwalo ka moamohedi le kgodiso ya hae dikontinenteng tse tharo di atisa ho qotswa e le dihloho tsa ho tsepamisa maikutlo ha hae ho "Kenyelletso ya Lefatshe Lohle" bononong.<ref name="ForbesGe" /> == Mosebetsi == === Ho etsa difilimi === Filimi ya Breure hangata e bua ka ditaba tsa kelello le tsa setjhaba. Filimi ya hae ya selemo sa 2012 ''ya Are All Men Pedophiles?'' e hlahlobile dikgohlano tsa setjhaba ka lense ya bongaka. Filimi ena e fumane Kgau ya Bokgabane Moketeng wa Matjhaba wa Difilimi bakeng sa Kgotso, Pululelo le Tekano. Filimi ya bobedi ya Breur, e nang le sehlooho se reng ''Do Women Have A Higher Sex Drive?,'' e lokollotswe ka selemo sa 2018. Ka selemo sa 2024 Jan o ile a phatlalatsa filimi eo a ntseng a e etsa le UN Women e bitswang UN Women & War United Races.<ref>https://www.unwomen.nl/author/thea-hoekstra/</ref> === Dikgau tsa Septimius === Ka 2017, Breure o thehile Mokete wa Difilimi wa Matjhaba oa New Vision (NVIFF), e leng mokgatlo o hlophisang Likhau tsa Septimius, tse bitswang "Oscars of Europe". Dikgau tsena di tsharoa selemo le selemo Tuschinski Theatre e Amsterdam mme li ikgetha bakeng sa ho arola mekhahlelo e meholo (Sebapali se Molemohali, Sebapali se Molemohadi, le Filimi e Molemohaldi) ka k'honthinente— [[Afrika]], [[Asia]], [[Uropa|Europe]], Latin America, [[Amerika Leboya|Amerika Leboea]] le [[Oceania]] —ho netefatsa boemedi bo lekanang bakeng sa talenta e seng ea Bophirimela. ==== Baamohedi ba di kgau ba hlomphehileng ==== Mokete ona o hohetse bafenyi ba bangata ba Academy Award, BAFTA, le Emmy Awards . Bafenyi ba maemo a holimo le ba tlileng kopanong ba kenyeletsa: * '''Kevin Spacey''' – Moamohedi wa Khau ea Katleho ea Bophelo Bohle (2025). * '''Cuba Gooding Jr.''' – Moamohedi wa Khau ea Katleho ea Bophelo Bohle (2024). * '''Shohreh Aghdashloo''' – Moamoheli oa Khau ea Katleho ea Bophelo Bohle (2025). * '''Tovino Thomas''' —mofenyi wa Sebapali se Molemohali sa Asia ka makgetlo a mabedi (2023, 2025). * '''Christopher Hampton''' le '''Kevin Willmott''' —bangoli ba lifilimi ba hapileng Oscar ba kileng ba nka karolo e le bakhethoa kapa ba fanang ka lipuo. * '''Stedman Graham''' – O sebeletsa e le lenqosa la semmuso la lefatsshe bakeng sa likgau.<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kevin-spacey-lifetime-achievement-award-friend-val-kilmer-1236369125/</ref> * '''Vasilisa Stepanenko -''' ''Matsatsi a 20 Mariupol'' (2024)<ref>https://english.nv.ua/life/20-days-in-mariupol-wins-septimius-award-in-amsterdam-50444729.html#goog_rewarded</ref> == Filimi == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Selemo ! Sehlooho ! Karolo ! Lintlha |- | 2014 | ''Na Banna Bohle ke Banyalani ba Bana?'' | Motsamaisi, Mongoli | Khau ea Bokhabane (IFFPIE) |- | 2018 | ''Na Basali ba na le Takatso e Phahameng ea Thobalano?'' | Motsamaisi | Lifilimi |- | 2021 | ''K'honthinente ea bo8'' | Mohlahisi | Filimi e ikhethang |} Breure ke mohlahlobisisi ea buang haholo oa leeme la setso sa Bophirimela lipontshong tse kgolo tsa likhau tse kang Likhau tsa Academy . O buella kgopolo-taba ya "Digital Divide", a buella diforomo tse ikemetseng moo baetsi ba mebala le baetsi ba difilimi ba tswang Lefatsheng ka Bophara ba ka laolang dipale tsa bona ntle le ho latela maemo a Eurocentric. Ka Pherekhong 2026, Breure o ile a phatlalatswa e le e mong oa litho tse tsheletseng tsa lekgotla la baahlodi bakeng sa Mokete wa Difilimi wa Johannesburg o tshwarwang selemo le selemo Johannesburg, [[Gauteng]] [[Afrika Borwa]].<ref>https://vocal.media/geeks/jan-willem-breure-joins-the-joburg-film-festival-jury-jff-septimius-awards-director-becomes-judge-at-south-africa-film-festival-in-johannesburg</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} e0237k2tchb47i5q22eorw4gvoobthr 0 10444 37916 2026-04-21T18:41:56Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330826445|Ancestral land conflict in Botswana]]" 37916 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgohlano ya naha ya baholo-holo mabapi le Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e hlahile ka bo-1970 pakeng tsa [[Botswana]]" muso oa Botswana le Batho ba San (Bushmen) , mme e ntse e tswela pele, e leng se hlahisitseng e nngwe ya dinyewe tsa lekgotla tse turang ka ho fetisisa nalaneng ya Botswana. Dilemong tsa bo-1970, ho ile ha qhoma dikgohlano ka lebaka la boiteko ba ho falliswa ke Mmuso oa Botswana (GOB) , e ileng ya fella ka ho fallela sebakeng se seng kantle ho polokelo ka bo-1990. Ka lebaka la ntwa e ntseng e tswela pele pakeng tsa Batho ba San le Mmuso wa Mmuso ka ditokelo tsa mobu, "Batho ba Pele ba Kalahari", mokgatlo o buellang ditokelo tsa batho ba san o ile wa thehwa. Ho na le dipuisano tse mabapi le hore na ho sibollwa ha ditaemane ka polokelo, ho ka nna ha susumetsa boiteko ba ho fallela sebakeng se seng bo nkilweng ke mmuso wa Botswana. Ka 2002, mmuso o ile wa kgaotsa ho fana ka ditshebeletso tsohle ho baahi ba CKGR. Ho ile ha qala ntwa ya molao, mme ka 2006 Lekgotla le Phahameng la Botswana la etsa qeto ya hore baahi ba ne ba tloswa ka matla le ka tsela e seng ya motheo. Leano la ho fallela sebakeng se seng le ile la tswela pele, leha ho le jwalo, mme ka 2012 batho ba San ba ile ba ipiletsa ho Matjhaba a Kopaneng ho qobella mmuso hore o amohele ditokelo tsa bona tsa naha le disebediswa. == Tlaleho ya ka Pele == === Batho ba San === [[File:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg|alt=group of men standing in the open with spears and other traditional hunting gear|thumb|Batsomi ba tsamaeang le diphoofolo (Basarwa Bushmen), lehwatata la Kalahari Leboya, ka 1892, ho tswa setshwantshong sa Henry Anderson Bryden]] Batho ba San (kapa ''Basarwa)'', bao pele ba neng ba tsejwa e le "Bushmen"), ke e nngwe ya ditso tsa kgale ka ho fetisisa Lefatsheng; ba phetse sebakeng se potileng Lehwatata la Kalahari nako e telele ho feta dihlopha tsa merabe e haufi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+botswana</ref> Boholo ba naha ya merabe ya Botswana, ho kenyeletswa le naha e neng e hapilwe ke MaSan, e ile ya lahleha nakong ya Bokolone ba Europe, mme mokgwa wa tahlehelo ya naha le phihlello ya disebediswa tsa tlhaho o ile wa tswela pele kamora boipuso ba Botswana.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Batho ba San ba bile ba ameha haholo ka nako e telele ke ho kenngwa ha merabe e mengata le dihwai tse seng tsa matswallwa dibakeng tseo ba tlwaetseng ho di sebedisa. Dipolotiki tsa mmuso tse qalileng ka bo-1970 di fetisitse sebaka se seholo sa naha ya setso sa San ho bajaki ba basweu le meloko e mengata ya dihwai tsa bo-mangeloi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Boholo ba leano la mmuso mabapi le naha bo ne bo rata moloko o busang wa Tswana ho feta batho ba fokolang ba San le Bakgalagadi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>James Anaya, e le Rapporteur e Kgethehileng ya Boemo ba ditokelo tsa Botho le ditokelo tsa Motheo tsa Batho ba Metswalle ya Machaba a Kopaneng, o hlalosa tahlehelo ya naha e le e nngwe ya dintlha tse kgolo tsa mathata a tobaneng le batho ba matswallwa a Botswana, a supa ho lelekwa ha San ho tsoa Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e le mohlala o kgethehileng.  <ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref> === Central Kalahari Game Reserve === [[File:Bushmen_in_the_Kalahari.jpg|thumb|Batho sehlekehleke sa Kalahari]] Dilemong tsa bo-1950, ho ne ho ena le ho ameha ho eketsehileng ka baahi ba fokolang Afrika ke [[United States]], [[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] le Great Britain.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|pages=797–824}}</ref> Ba ile ba qala lipatlisiso le liphutuho tsa lipatlisiso ho utloisisa ka ho eketsehileng mathata ao baahi ba fokolang ba tobaneng le 'ona Afrika. Botswana, "ho ne ho e-na le khatello e tsoang mehloling e meng bakeng sa liphetoho tseleng eo Ma-San a neng a tšoaroa ka eona, ka litsebi tse ling tse neng li fana ka maikutlo a hore Ma-San ba fuoe sebaka sa bona". <ref name=":04" /> Ka 1958, 'Muso oa Protectorate ea Bechuanaland o ile oa khetha George Silberbauer ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho fumana tharollo litabeng tse tobaneng le Ma-San. Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa hae, ka 1961, ho ile ha thehoa [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve|Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR)]] ho fa MaSan sebaka sa bona le ho sireletsa limela le liphoofolo tse haufi. Le hoja Silberbauer a ne a batla ho theoa ha "sebaka sa polokelo ea batho", ka nako eo, ha ho molao o neng o e lumella.<ref name=":04" /> Leha ho le joalo, CKGR e "e ikhethile ka hore e thehiloe eseng feela e le sebaka sa polokelo ea tlhaho empa hape le ho sireletsa litokelo tsa batho ba ka bang 5000, boholo ba bona e le ba San, ba lulang ka har'a meeli ea eona, ba neng ba batla ho boloka mekhoa ea bona ea bophelo ea batšoasi ba litsomi le ba bokellang". <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=3–5}}</ref> 6583y3nar32vpl89zqy4cj9on6bs2el 37917 37916 2026-04-21T18:43:24Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Lokisitse sengola 37917 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgohlano ya naha ya baholo-holo mabapi le Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e hlahile ka bo-1970 pakeng tsa [[Botswana]]" muso oa Botswana le Batho ba San (Bushmen) , mme e ntse e tswela pele, e leng se hlahisitseng e nngwe ya dinyewe tsa lekgotla tse turang ka ho fetisisa nalaneng ya Botswana. Dilemong tsa bo-1970, ho ile ha qhoma dikgohlano ka lebaka la boiteko ba ho falliswa ke Mmuso oa Botswana (GOB) , e ileng ya fella ka ho fallela sebakeng se seng kantle ho polokelo ka bo-1990. Ka lebaka la ntwa e ntseng e tswela pele pakeng tsa Batho ba San le Mmuso wa Mmuso ka ditokelo tsa mobu, "Batho ba Pele ba Kalahari", mokgatlo o buellang ditokelo tsa batho ba san o ile wa thehwa. Ho na le dipuisano tse mabapi le hore na ho sibollwa ha ditaemane ka polokelo, ho ka nna ha susumetsa boiteko ba ho fallela sebakeng se seng bo nkilweng ke mmuso wa Botswana. Ka 2002, mmuso o ile wa kgaotsa ho fana ka ditshebeletso tsohle ho baahi ba CKGR. Ho ile ha qala ntwa ya molao, mme ka 2006 Lekgotla le Phahameng la Botswana la etsa qeto ya hore baahi ba ne ba tloswa ka matla le ka tsela e seng ya motheo. Leano la ho fallela sebakeng se seng le ile la tswela pele, leha ho le jwalo, mme ka 2012 batho ba San ba ile ba ipiletsa ho Matjhaba a Kopaneng ho qobella mmuso hore o amohele ditokelo tsa bona tsa naha le disebediswa. == Tlaleho ya ka Pele == === Batho ba San === [[File:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg|alt=group of men standing in the open with spears and other traditional hunting gear|thumb|Batsomi ba tsamaeang le diphoofolo (Basarwa Bushmen), lehwatata la Kalahari Leboya, ka 1892, ho tswa setshwantshong sa Henry Anderson Bryden]] Batho ba San (kapa ''Basarwa)'', bao pele ba neng ba tsejwa e le "Bushmen"), ke e nngwe ya ditso tsa kgale ka ho fetisisa Lefatsheng; ba phetse sebakeng se potileng Lehwatata la Kalahari nako e telele ho feta dihlopha tsa merabe e haufi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+botswana</ref> Boholo ba naha ya merabe ya Botswana, ho kenyeletswa le naha e neng e hapilwe ke MaSan, e ile ya lahleha nakong ya Bokolone ba Europe, mme mokgwa wa tahlehelo ya naha le phihlello ya disebediswa tsa tlhaho o ile wa tswela pele kamora boipuso ba Botswana.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Batho ba San ba bile ba ameha haholo ka nako e telele ke ho kenngwa ha merabe e mengata le dihwai tse seng tsa matswallwa dibakeng tseo ba tlwaetseng ho di sebedisa. Dipolotiki tsa mmuso tse qalileng ka bo-1970 di fetisitse sebaka se seholo sa naha ya setso sa San ho bajaki ba basweu le meloko e mengata ya dihwai tsa bo-mangeloi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Boholo ba leano la mmuso mabapi le naha bo ne bo rata moloko o busang wa Tswana ho feta batho ba fokolang ba San le Bakgalagadi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>James Anaya, e le Rapporteur e Kgethehileng ya Boemo ba ditokelo tsa Botho le ditokelo tsa Motheo tsa Batho ba Metswalle ya Machaba a Kopaneng, o hlalosa tahlehelo ya naha e le e nngwe ya dintlha tse kgolo tsa mathata a tobaneng le batho ba matswallwa a Botswana, a supa ho lelekwa ha San ho tsoa Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e le mohlala o kgethehileng.  <ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref> === Central Kalahari Game Reserve === [[File:Bushmen_in_the_Kalahari.jpg|thumb|Batho sehlekehleke sa Kalahari]] Dilemong tsa bo-1950, ho ne ho ena le ho ameha ho eketsehileng ka baahi ba fokolang Afrika ke [[United States]], [[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] le Great Britain.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|pages=797–824}}</ref> Ba ile ba qala lipatlisiso le liphutuho tsa lipatlisiso ho utloisisa ka ho eketsehileng mathata ao baahi ba fokolang ba tobaneng le 'ona Afrika. Botswana, "ho ne ho e-na le khatello e tsoang mehloling e meng bakeng sa liphetoho tseleng eo Ma-San a neng a tšoaroa ka eona, ka litsebi tse ling tse neng li fana ka maikutlo a hore Ma-San ba fuoe sebaka sa bona". <ref name=":04" /> Ka 1958, 'Muso oa Protectorate ea Bechuanaland o ile oa khetha George Silberbauer ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho fumana tharollo litabeng tse tobaneng le Ma-San. Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa hae, ka 1961, ho ile ha thehoa [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve|Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR)]] ho fa MaSan sebaka sa bona le ho sireletsa limela le liphoofolo tse haufi. Le hoja Silberbauer a ne a batla ho theoa ha "sebaka sa polokelo ea batho", ka nako eo, ha ho molao o neng o e lumella.<ref name=":04" /> Leha ho le joalo, CKGR e "e ikhethile ka hore e thehiloe eseng feela e le sebaka sa polokelo ea tlhaho empa hape le ho sireletsa litokelo tsa batho ba ka bang 5000, boholo ba bona e le ba San, ba lulang ka har'a meeli ea eona, ba neng ba batla ho boloka mekhoa ea bona ea bophelo ea batšoasi ba litsomi le ba bokellang". == Mehlodi == 24ces69adp6zsfuzqk929cbqqtzmc22 37918 37917 2026-04-21T18:57:21Z SANKOMOTA 11165 37918 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgohlano ya naha ya baholo-holo mabapi le Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e hlahile ka bo-1970 pakeng tsa [[Botswana]]" muso oa Botswana le Batho ba San (Bushmen) , mme e ntse e tswela pele, e leng se hlahisitseng e nngwe ya dinyewe tsa lekgotla tse turang ka ho fetisisa nalaneng ya Botswana. Dilemong tsa bo-1970, ho ile ha qhoma dikgohlano ka lebaka la boiteko ba ho falliswa ke Mmuso oa Botswana (GOB) , e ileng ya fella ka ho fallela sebakeng se seng kantle ho polokelo ka bo-1990. Ka lebaka la ntwa e ntseng e tswela pele pakeng tsa Batho ba San le Mmuso wa Mmuso ka ditokelo tsa mobu, "Batho ba Pele ba Kalahari", mokgatlo o buellang ditokelo tsa batho ba san o ile wa thehwa. Ho na le dipuisano tse mabapi le hore na ho sibollwa ha ditaemane ka polokelo, ho ka nna ha susumetsa boiteko ba ho fallela sebakeng se seng bo nkilweng ke mmuso wa [[Botswana]]. Ka 2002, mmuso o ile wa kgaotsa ho fana ka ditshebeletso tsohle ho baahi ba CKGR. Ho ile ha qala ntwa ya molao, mme ka 2006 Lekgotla le Phahameng la Botswana la etsa qeto ya hore baahi ba ne ba tloswa ka matla le ka tsela e seng ya motheo. Leano la ho fallela sebakeng se seng le ile la tswela pele, leha ho le jwalo, mme ka 2012 batho ba San ba ile ba ipiletsa ho Matjhaba a Kopaneng ho qobella mmuso hore o amohele ditokelo tsa bona tsa naha le disebediswa. == Tlaleho ya ka Pele == === Batho ba San === [[File:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg|alt=group of men standing in the open with spears and other traditional hunting gear|thumb|Batsomi ba tsamaeang le diphoofolo (Basarwa Bushmen), lehwatata la Kalahari Leboya, ka 1892, ho tswa setshwantshong sa Henry Anderson Bryden]] Batho ba San (kapa ''Basarwa)'', bao pele ba neng ba tsejwa e le "Bushmen"), ke e nngwe ya ditso tsa kgale ka ho fetisisa Lefatsheng; ba phetse sebakeng se potileng Lehwatata la Kalahari nako e telele ho feta dihlopha tsa merabe e haufi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+botswana</ref> Boholo ba naha ya merabe ya Botswana, ho kenyeletswa le naha e neng e hapilwe ke MaSan, e ile ya lahleha nakong ya Bokolone ba Europe, mme mokgwa wa tahlehelo ya naha le phihlello ya disebediswa tsa tlhaho o ile wa tswela pele kamora boipuso ba Botswana.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Batho ba San ba bile ba ameha haholo ka nako e telele ke ho kenngwa ha merabe e mengata le dihwai tse seng tsa matswallwa dibakeng tseo ba tlwaetseng ho di sebedisa. Dipolotiki tsa mmuso tse qalileng ka bo-1970 di fetisitse sebaka se seholo sa naha ya setso sa San ho bajaki ba basweu le meloko e mengata ya dihwai tsa bo-mangeloi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Boholo ba leano la mmuso mabapi le naha bo ne bo rata moloko o busang wa Tswana ho feta batho ba fokolang ba San le Bakgalagadi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>James Anaya, e le Rapporteur e Kgethehileng ya Boemo ba ditokelo tsa Botho le ditokelo tsa Motheo tsa Batho ba Metswalle ya Machaba a Kopaneng, o hlalosa tahlehelo ya naha e le e nngwe ya dintlha tse kgolo tsa mathata a tobaneng le batho ba matswallwa a Botswana, a supa ho lelekwa ha San ho tsoa Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e le mohlala o kgethehileng.  <ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref> === Central Kalahari Game Reserve === [[File:Bushmen_in_the_Kalahari.jpg|thumb|Batho sehlekehleke sa Kalahari]] Dilemong tsa bo-1950, ho ne ho ena le ho ameha ho eketsehileng ka baahi ba fokolang Afrika ke [[United States]], [[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] le Great Britain.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|pages=797–824}}</ref> Ba ile ba qala lipatlisiso le liphutuho tsa lipatlisiso ho utloisisa ka ho eketsehileng mathata ao baahi ba fokolang ba tobaneng le 'ona Afrika. Botswana, "ho ne ho e-na le khatello e tsoang mehloling e meng bakeng sa liphetoho tseleng eo Ma-San a neng a tšoaroa ka eona, ka litsebi tse ling tse neng li fana ka maikutlo a hore Ma-San ba fuoe sebaka sa bona". <ref name=":04" /> Ka 1958, 'Muso oa Protectorate ea Bechuanaland o ile oa khetha George Silberbauer ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho fumana tharollo litabeng tse tobaneng le Ma-San. Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa hae, ka 1961, ho ile ha thehoa [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve|Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR)]] ho fa MaSan sebaka sa bona le ho sireletsa limela le liphoofolo tse haufi. Le hoja Silberbauer a ne a batla ho theoa ha "sebaka sa polokelo ea batho", ka nako eo, ha ho molao o neng o e lumella.<ref name=":04" /> Leha ho le joalo, CKGR e "e ikhethile ka hore e thehiloe eseng feela e le sebaka sa polokelo ea tlhaho empa hape le ho sireletsa litokelo tsa batho ba ka bang 5000, boholo ba bona e le ba San, ba lulang ka har'a meeli ea eona, ba neng ba batla ho boloka mekhoa ea bona ea bophelo ea batšoasi ba litsomi le ba bokellang". == Mehlodi == r8y9znsrfgrh5pu1tme04kpc89pcsvh 37919 37918 2026-04-21T18:58:14Z SANKOMOTA 11165 37919 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgohlano ya naha ya baholo-holo mabapi le Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e hlahile ka bo-1970 pakeng tsa [[Botswana]]" muso oa Botswana le Batho ba San (Bushmen) , mme e ntse e tswela pele, e leng se hlahisitseng e nngwe ya dinyewe tsa lekgotla tse turang ka ho fetisisa nalaneng ya Botswana. Dilemong tsa bo-1970, ho ile ha qhoma dikgohlano ka lebaka la boiteko ba ho falliswa ke Mmuso oa Botswana (GOB) , e ileng ya fella ka ho fallela sebakeng se seng kantle ho polokelo ka bo-1990. Ka lebaka la ntwa e ntseng e tswela pele pakeng tsa Batho ba San le Mmuso wa Mmuso ka ditokelo tsa mobu, "Batho ba Pele ba Kalahari", mokgatlo o buellang ditokelo tsa batho ba san o ile wa thehwa. Ho na le dipuisano tse mabapi le hore na ho sibollwa ha ditaemane ka polokelo, ho ka nna ha susumetsa boiteko ba ho fallela sebakeng se seng bo nkilweng ke mmuso wa [[Botswana]]. Ka 2002, mmuso o ile wa kgaotsa ho fana ka ditshebeletso tsohle ho baahi ba CKGR. Ho ile ha qala ntwa ya molao, mme ka 2006 lekgotla le phahameng la [[Botswana]] la etsa qeto ya hore baahi ba ne ba tloswa ka matla le ka tsela e seng ya motheo. Leano la ho fallela sebakeng se seng le ile la tswela pele, leha ho le jwalo, mme ka 2012 batho ba San ba ile ba ipiletsa ho matjhaba a kopaneng ho qobella mmuso hore o amohele ditokelo tsa bona tsa naha le disebediswa. == Tlaleho ya ka Pele == === Batho ba San === [[File:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg|alt=group of men standing in the open with spears and other traditional hunting gear|thumb|Batsomi ba tsamaeang le diphoofolo (Basarwa Bushmen), lehwatata la Kalahari Leboya, ka 1892, ho tswa setshwantshong sa Henry Anderson Bryden]] Batho ba San (kapa ''Basarwa)'', bao pele ba neng ba tsejwa e le "Bushmen"), ke e nngwe ya ditso tsa kgale ka ho fetisisa Lefatsheng; ba phetse sebakeng se potileng Lehwatata la Kalahari nako e telele ho feta dihlopha tsa merabe e haufi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+botswana</ref> Boholo ba naha ya merabe ya Botswana, ho kenyeletswa le naha e neng e hapilwe ke MaSan, e ile ya lahleha nakong ya Bokolone ba Europe, mme mokgwa wa tahlehelo ya naha le phihlello ya disebediswa tsa tlhaho o ile wa tswela pele kamora boipuso ba Botswana.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Batho ba San ba bile ba ameha haholo ka nako e telele ke ho kenngwa ha merabe e mengata le dihwai tse seng tsa matswallwa dibakeng tseo ba tlwaetseng ho di sebedisa. Dipolotiki tsa mmuso tse qalileng ka bo-1970 di fetisitse sebaka se seholo sa naha ya setso sa San ho bajaki ba basweu le meloko e mengata ya dihwai tsa bo-mangeloi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Boholo ba leano la mmuso mabapi le naha bo ne bo rata moloko o busang wa Tswana ho feta batho ba fokolang ba San le Bakgalagadi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>James Anaya, e le Rapporteur e Kgethehileng ya Boemo ba ditokelo tsa Botho le ditokelo tsa Motheo tsa Batho ba Metswalle ya Machaba a Kopaneng, o hlalosa tahlehelo ya naha e le e nngwe ya dintlha tse kgolo tsa mathata a tobaneng le batho ba matswallwa a Botswana, a supa ho lelekwa ha San ho tsoa Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e le mohlala o kgethehileng.  <ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref> === Central Kalahari Game Reserve === [[File:Bushmen_in_the_Kalahari.jpg|thumb|Batho sehlekehleke sa Kalahari]] Dilemong tsa bo-1950, ho ne ho ena le ho ameha ho eketsehileng ka baahi ba fokolang Afrika ke [[United States]], [[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] le Great Britain.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|pages=797–824}}</ref> Ba ile ba qala lipatlisiso le liphutuho tsa lipatlisiso ho utloisisa ka ho eketsehileng mathata ao baahi ba fokolang ba tobaneng le 'ona Afrika. Botswana, "ho ne ho e-na le khatello e tsoang mehloling e meng bakeng sa liphetoho tseleng eo Ma-San a neng a tšoaroa ka eona, ka litsebi tse ling tse neng li fana ka maikutlo a hore Ma-San ba fuoe sebaka sa bona". <ref name=":04" /> Ka 1958, 'Muso oa Protectorate ea Bechuanaland o ile oa khetha George Silberbauer ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho fumana tharollo litabeng tse tobaneng le Ma-San. Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa hae, ka 1961, ho ile ha thehoa [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve|Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR)]] ho fa MaSan sebaka sa bona le ho sireletsa limela le liphoofolo tse haufi. Le hoja Silberbauer a ne a batla ho theoa ha "sebaka sa polokelo ea batho", ka nako eo, ha ho molao o neng o e lumella.<ref name=":04" /> Leha ho le joalo, CKGR e "e ikhethile ka hore e thehiloe eseng feela e le sebaka sa polokelo ea tlhaho empa hape le ho sireletsa litokelo tsa batho ba ka bang 5000, boholo ba bona e le ba San, ba lulang ka har'a meeli ea eona, ba neng ba batla ho boloka mekhoa ea bona ea bophelo ea batšoasi ba litsomi le ba bokellang". == Mehlodi == 7f4whxbvg6bm1edh81dssxfgtqq12a1 37920 37919 2026-04-22T09:08:45Z SANKOMOTA 11165 SANKOMOTA moved page [[Koluwa ya naha ya baholo-holo Botswana]] to [[Ancestral land conflict in Botswana]] 37919 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgohlano ya naha ya baholo-holo mabapi le Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e hlahile ka bo-1970 pakeng tsa [[Botswana]]" muso oa Botswana le Batho ba San (Bushmen) , mme e ntse e tswela pele, e leng se hlahisitseng e nngwe ya dinyewe tsa lekgotla tse turang ka ho fetisisa nalaneng ya Botswana. Dilemong tsa bo-1970, ho ile ha qhoma dikgohlano ka lebaka la boiteko ba ho falliswa ke Mmuso oa Botswana (GOB) , e ileng ya fella ka ho fallela sebakeng se seng kantle ho polokelo ka bo-1990. Ka lebaka la ntwa e ntseng e tswela pele pakeng tsa Batho ba San le Mmuso wa Mmuso ka ditokelo tsa mobu, "Batho ba Pele ba Kalahari", mokgatlo o buellang ditokelo tsa batho ba san o ile wa thehwa. Ho na le dipuisano tse mabapi le hore na ho sibollwa ha ditaemane ka polokelo, ho ka nna ha susumetsa boiteko ba ho fallela sebakeng se seng bo nkilweng ke mmuso wa [[Botswana]]. Ka 2002, mmuso o ile wa kgaotsa ho fana ka ditshebeletso tsohle ho baahi ba CKGR. Ho ile ha qala ntwa ya molao, mme ka 2006 lekgotla le phahameng la [[Botswana]] la etsa qeto ya hore baahi ba ne ba tloswa ka matla le ka tsela e seng ya motheo. Leano la ho fallela sebakeng se seng le ile la tswela pele, leha ho le jwalo, mme ka 2012 batho ba San ba ile ba ipiletsa ho matjhaba a kopaneng ho qobella mmuso hore o amohele ditokelo tsa bona tsa naha le disebediswa. == Tlaleho ya ka Pele == === Batho ba San === [[File:Wandering_hunters_(Masarwa_bushmen),_North_Kalahari_Desert.jpg|alt=group of men standing in the open with spears and other traditional hunting gear|thumb|Batsomi ba tsamaeang le diphoofolo (Basarwa Bushmen), lehwatata la Kalahari Leboya, ka 1892, ho tswa setshwantshong sa Henry Anderson Bryden]] Batho ba San (kapa ''Basarwa)'', bao pele ba neng ba tsejwa e le "Bushmen"), ke e nngwe ya ditso tsa kgale ka ho fetisisa Lefatsheng; ba phetse sebakeng se potileng Lehwatata la Kalahari nako e telele ho feta dihlopha tsa merabe e haufi.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=F_dFYq4oFeYC&q=san+botswana</ref> Boholo ba naha ya merabe ya Botswana, ho kenyeletswa le naha e neng e hapilwe ke MaSan, e ile ya lahleha nakong ya Bokolone ba Europe, mme mokgwa wa tahlehelo ya naha le phihlello ya disebediswa tsa tlhaho o ile wa tswela pele kamora boipuso ba Botswana.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Batho ba San ba bile ba ameha haholo ka nako e telele ke ho kenngwa ha merabe e mengata le dihwai tse seng tsa matswallwa dibakeng tseo ba tlwaetseng ho di sebedisa. Dipolotiki tsa mmuso tse qalileng ka bo-1970 di fetisitse sebaka se seholo sa naha ya setso sa San ho bajaki ba basweu le meloko e mengata ya dihwai tsa bo-mangeloi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>Boholo ba leano la mmuso mabapi le naha bo ne bo rata moloko o busang wa Tswana ho feta batho ba fokolang ba San le Bakgalagadi.<ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref>James Anaya, e le Rapporteur e Kgethehileng ya Boemo ba ditokelo tsa Botho le ditokelo tsa Motheo tsa Batho ba Metswalle ya Machaba a Kopaneng, o hlalosa tahlehelo ya naha e le e nngwe ya dintlha tse kgolo tsa mathata a tobaneng le batho ba matswallwa a Botswana, a supa ho lelekwa ha San ho tsoa Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR) e le mohlala o kgethehileng.  <ref>http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf</ref> === Central Kalahari Game Reserve === [[File:Bushmen_in_the_Kalahari.jpg|thumb|Batho sehlekehleke sa Kalahari]] Dilemong tsa bo-1950, ho ne ho ena le ho ameha ho eketsehileng ka baahi ba fokolang Afrika ke [[United States]], [[Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] le Great Britain.<ref name=":04">{{Cite journal|pages=797–824}}</ref> Ba ile ba qala lipatlisiso le liphutuho tsa lipatlisiso ho utloisisa ka ho eketsehileng mathata ao baahi ba fokolang ba tobaneng le 'ona Afrika. Botswana, "ho ne ho e-na le khatello e tsoang mehloling e meng bakeng sa liphetoho tseleng eo Ma-San a neng a tšoaroa ka eona, ka litsebi tse ling tse neng li fana ka maikutlo a hore Ma-San ba fuoe sebaka sa bona". <ref name=":04" /> Ka 1958, 'Muso oa Protectorate ea Bechuanaland o ile oa khetha George Silberbauer ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho fumana tharollo litabeng tse tobaneng le Ma-San. Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa hae, ka 1961, ho ile ha thehoa [[Central Kalahari Game Reserve|Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR)]] ho fa MaSan sebaka sa bona le ho sireletsa limela le liphoofolo tse haufi. Le hoja Silberbauer a ne a batla ho theoa ha "sebaka sa polokelo ea batho", ka nako eo, ha ho molao o neng o e lumella.<ref name=":04" /> Leha ho le joalo, CKGR e "e ikhethile ka hore e thehiloe eseng feela e le sebaka sa polokelo ea tlhaho empa hape le ho sireletsa litokelo tsa batho ba ka bang 5000, boholo ba bona e le ba San, ba lulang ka har'a meeli ea eona, ba neng ba batla ho boloka mekhoa ea bona ea bophelo ea batšoasi ba litsomi le ba bokellang". == Mehlodi == 7f4whxbvg6bm1edh81dssxfgtqq12a1 0 10445 37921 2026-04-22T09:08:45Z SANKOMOTA 11165 SANKOMOTA moved page [[Koluwa ya naha ya baholo-holo Botswana]] to [[Ancestral land conflict in Botswana]] 37921 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ancestral land conflict in Botswana]] swxdoq6dydnm5kelhjtisqwmp3yabm8