Wikipedia stwiki https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leqephe_la_pele MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5197 38378 30905 2026-05-12T09:22:11Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa leqhepe 38378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victoria Busisiwe Mhlongo''' (1947 - 2010), e ne e le sebini, motaki le sebini ho tloha Inanda Natala, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Mhlongo o ile a sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea 'mino oa Afrika Boroa e kang Mbaqanga, Maskanda, Marabi le Sezulu sa setso, se kopantsoeng le lipina tsa mehleng ea kajeno tsa jazz, funk, rock, gospel, rap, opera, reggae le 'mino oa Afrika Bophirimela. Mantsoe a hae a na le melaetsa e bohloko 'me o ne a e-na le mokhoa o sa tsotelleng oa ts'ebetso o kenyelletsang ho etsa maoto a sa roala letho. Lilemong tsa bo-1960, o ile a amohela lebitso la bonono Vickie; hamorao o ile a tsejoa ke Busi Mhlongo. E ne e le sangoma ea qapileng, e ileng ea susumetsa 'mino oa hae haholo. [3][4] Lilemong tsa bo-1970, Mhlongo o ile a fallela London, hamorao a rekota le bataki ba bang ba Afrika Boroa ba neng ba lula botlamuoeng, ba kang Dudu Pukwana le Julian Bahula. Lilemong tsa bo-1980, o ne a bapala le litsebi tse tummeng tsa machaba tse kang Salif Keita. O ile a qala ho lokolla mesebetsi ea hae ka bo-1990, ka albamo ea hae ea pele, Barbentu, e ileng ea lokolloa ka 1993. Selemo hamorao, o ile a kopanela leetong la ho khutlela hae la Hugh Masekela. Ka 1995, Mhlongo o ile a ikopanya le Hugh Masekela moketeng oa Afrika '95 London. Ka 1998, o ile a lokolla alebamo ea hae ea bobeli, Urban Zulu, e ileng ea tsebahala haholo limmarakeng tse fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara 'me ho tlalehoa hore o ile a qeta likhoeli a le lichate tsa Billboard World Music. O ile a tsoela pele ho lokolla lialbamo tse ling, Freedom (2003), le Amakholwa pele a hlokahala ka lebaka la mofetše oa matsoele ka Phuptjane 2010. Leha a se a le sieo, mokhoa oa hae oa ho bapala o mahlahahlaha o ntse o le teng, 'me o ka bonoa ho setsebi sa lipina Somizi Mhlongo. Mmino wa hae ke sesupo sa ntwa ya toka Afrika Borwa. Molumo oa hae oa lentsoe oa makatsa hobane o ile a khona ho tloha ho lentsoe le bonolo ho ea ho lerata le leholo. Ka lebaka la boitseko ba hae bo matla kgahlanong le kgethollo ka mmino, Mhlongo o ile a lelekwa naheng ka hona a sebetsa mme a dula Netherlands, Amerika Leboya le UK. Busi o rekisitse lialbamo tsa motho a le mong tse halofo ea leshome. Hamorao nakong ea mosebetsi oa hae o ile a tsejoa e le "Mam'Busi". Bocheng ba hae, o ile a kenela sehlopha sa ’mino sa King Kong se Durban ’me a khothalletsoa ho letsa meropa. Boqapi ba hae bo ile ba thakhola qeto ea hae ea ho theha sehlopha sa hae sa sehlopha sa Twasa. Mokhoa oa hae oa ho bapala o khothalelitsoe ke Dorothy Masuka le Miriam Makeba, empa haholo Mofumahali Magogo.[6] Bophelo ba botho Mhlongo o holetse lelapeng le ratang mmino motseng wa Ohlange thabeng. O ile a nyaloa ke moletsi oa meropa Early Mabuza, ’me hamorao ba ba le morali.[1] Ka lebaka la ho lelekoa ha Mhlongo, ha aa ka a khona ho hōlisa morali oa hae kapa ho ea lepatong la monna oa hae, eo sesosa sa lefu la hae e neng e le polao. ==Discography== * Babhemu 1993 * Urban Zulu 1999 * Indiza - Voyages through New Sounds 2000 * Tokoloho ea 2003 * We Baba Omncane 2009 ==Dikhau le mabitso== Mhlongo o ile a kgethwa bakeng sa Grammy mme a hapa Dikgau tse tharo tsa Mmino wa Afrika Borwa. ==Ditshupiso [[Category:Mmino]] 1fsjox0mebboha6xnm9z5nlalyyxup8 38379 38378 2026-05-12T09:23:20Z KeMang?? 6412 38379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victoria Busisiwe Mhlongo''' (1947 - 2010), e ne e lE sebini ho tloha Inanda Natala, [[Afrika Borwa]]. Mhlongo o ile a sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea 'mino oa Afrika Borwa e kang Mbaqanga, Maskanda, Marabi le Sezulu sa setso, se kopantsoeng le lipina tsa mehleng ea kajeno tsa jazz, funk, rock, gospel, rap, opera, reggae le 'mino oa Afrika Bophirimela. Mantsoe a hae a na le melaetsa e bohloko 'me o ne a e-na le mokhoa o sa tsotelleng oa ts'ebetso o kenyelletsang ho etsa maoto a sa roala letho. Lilemong tsa bo-1960, o ile a amohela lebitso la bonono Vickie; hamorao o ile a tsejoa ke Busi Mhlongo. E ne e le sangoma ea qapileng, e ileng ea susumetsa 'mino oa hae haholo. Lilemong tsa bo-1970, Mhlongo o ile a fallela London, hamorao a rekota le bataki ba bang ba Afrika Boroa ba neng ba lula botlamuoeng, ba kang Dudu Pukwana le Julian Bahula. Lilemong tsa bo-1980, o ne a bapala le litsebi tse tummeng tsa machaba tse kang Salif Keita. O ile a qala ho lokolla mesebetsi ea hae ka bo-1990, ka albamo ea hae ea pele, Barbentu, e ileng ea lokolloa ka 1993. Selemo hamorao, o ile a kopanela leetong la ho khutlela hae la Hugh Masekela. Ka 1995, Mhlongo o ile a ikopanya le Hugh Masekela moketeng oa Afrika '95 London. Ka 1998, o ile a lokolla alebamo ea hae ea bobeli, Urban Zulu, e ileng ea tsebahala haholo limmarakeng tse fapaneng lefatšeng ka bophara 'me ho tlalehoa hore o ile a qeta likhoeli a le lichate tsa Billboard World Music. O ile a tsoela pele ho lokolla lialbamo tse ling, Freedom (2003), le Amakholwa pele a hlokahala ka lebaka la mofetše oa matsoele ka Phuptjane 2010. Leha a se a le sieo, mokhoa oa hae oa ho bapala o mahlahahlaha o ntse o le teng, 'me o ka bonoa ho setsebi sa lipina Somizi Mhlongo. Mmino wa hae ke sesupo sa ntwa ya toka Afrika Borwa. Molumo oa hae oa lentsoe oa makatsa hobane o ile a khona ho tloha ho lentsoe le bonolo ho ea ho lerata le leholo. Ka lebaka la boitseko ba hae bo matla kgahlanong le kgethollo ka mmino, Mhlongo o ile a lelekwa naheng ka hona a sebetsa mme a dula Netherlands, Amerika Leboya le UK. Busi o rekisitse lialbamo tsa motho a le mong tse halofo ea leshome. Hamorao nakong ea mosebetsi oa hae o ile a tsejoa e le "Mam'Busi". Bocheng ba hae, o ile a kenela sehlopha sa ’mino sa King Kong se Durban ’me a khothalletsoa ho letsa meropa. Boqapi ba hae bo ile ba thakhola qeto ea hae ea ho theha sehlopha sa hae sa sehlopha sa Twasa. Mokhoa oa hae oa ho bapala o khothalelitsoe ke Dorothy Masuka le Miriam Makeba, empa haholo Mofumahali Magogo.[6] Bophelo ba botho Mhlongo o holetse lelapeng le ratang mmino motseng wa Ohlange thabeng. O ile a nyaloa ke moletsi oa meropa Early Mabuza, ’me hamorao ba ba le morali.[1] Ka lebaka la ho lelekoa ha Mhlongo, ha aa ka a khona ho hōlisa morali oa hae kapa ho ea lepatong la monna oa hae, eo sesosa sa lefu la hae e neng e le polao. ==Discography== * Babhemu 1993 * Urban Zulu 1999 * Indiza - Voyages through New Sounds 2000 * Tokoloho ea 2003 * We Baba Omncane 2009 ==Dikgau le mabitso== Mhlongo o ile a kgethwa bakeng sa Grammy mme a hapa Dikgau tse tharo tsa Mmino wa Afrika Borwa. == Mehlodi == [[Category:Mmino]] pv45h7lcit9acb4hifq5cphfil4anxk 0 9413 38383 33377 2026-05-12T10:52:45Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 38383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Basetsana Julia''' "'''Bassie'''" '''Khumalo''' (née '''Makgalemele'''; a tswalwa ka la 29 Hlakubele 1974) ke motho wa thelevishene wa [[Afrika Borwa]], mohlokomedi wa tlhodisano ya botle, mosadi wa kgwebo le mofani wa diphallelo. Mosebetsi wa hae o qadile ka 1990 ha a rweswa moqhaka wa Miss Soweto le Miss Black South Africa a le dilemo di 16. O ile a rweswa moqhaka wa mabotle wa Afrika Borwa ka 1994 mme ka selemo sona seo o ile a tswa boemong ba bobedi ho Miss World. == Bophelo ba bonyane le thuto == Yena le bana ba bo ba bararo ba ile ba qala dilemo tsa bona tsa pele ba thusa ho boloka lelapa le phela,ba etsa di samentjhese tse rekiswang dipapading tsa bolo ya maoto mafelong a beke. O ile a kena Thabisang Primary School e Orlando West. Ha [[Soweto]] e ne e aparetswe ke merusu ya baithuti ka 1986 o ile a romelwa Sekolong sa Trinity Secondary School moo a ileng a phethe la lengolo la hae la materiki. O ile a ngodiswa bakeng sa thuto e phahameng Univesithing ya Venda, mme a ikgetha ka Thuto. == Bophelo ba hae == Pele le nakong ya puso ya hae e le Mofumahadi wa Afrika Borwa, Khumalo o ile a utlwana le motho ya otlang ditebele Dingaan Thobela. O ile a kopana le monna wa hae Romeo Khumalo, mookamedi wa Vodacom le moqolotsi wa ditaba wa mehleng, ha a na rwetse kgau ya hae ya Miss Soweto. Ba ile ba qala ho utlwana ka 1997 mme ba nyalana ka 2000. Ka 2004 Khumalo o ile a beleha ngwana wa bona wa pele, moshanyana ya bitswang Nkosinathi Gabriel. Mora wa hae wa bobedi, uShaka Kgositsile Emmanuel, o hlahile ka 2012. Khumalo le monna wa hae Romeo ba thehile Setsi sa Lelapa la "Romeo & Basetsana Khumalo" , se tla hlahisa bana, haholo-holo ba nang le lefu la AIDS le mafu a mang a amanang le ona. Ka 2009 motheo o ile wa fuwa Moputso wa "Inyathelo Philanthropy Merit" . Khumalo o ile a ikopanya le sebapadi sa difilimi Salma Hayek molemong wa ho fedisa lefu la tetanus la masea le la bo- Mme lefatsheng, e le mmuelli wa Letlole la Bana la Machaba a Kopaneng le letsholo la "Pamper" la ho pholosa masea a fetang dimilione tse 250 ka 2012. == Mosebetsi == === Ho etsa ditshwantsho === Nakong ya 1990 le 1991, Khumalo o ile a rweswa moqhaka wa Miss Soweto a le dilemo di 16. Khumalo o ile a tlohela sekolo a rerile ho latela mehato ya mme wa hae e le titjhere, empa ho ile ha nka nakwana pele a ingodisa Univesithi ya Venda ho ya ithuta thuto. Mme wa hae o ile a mo kenya tlhodisanong ya Miss South Africa eo Khumalo a ileng a e hlola. Ha a ntse a busa Miss South Africa, o ile a qala ho hlahisa lenaneo la thelevishene la lifestyle Top Billing. Khumalo o ile a theha tsebedisano 'mmoho le moetsi wa lenaneo, Patience Stevens. Tswelopele Productions e hlahile ha Khumalo a ena le karolo ya mashome a mahlano lekgolong. Khamphani ena e amohelwa ke Impumelelo e le e ngwe ya dikhamphani tse 300 tse hodimo tsa matlafatso Afrika Borwa. Letswao la khamphani ke lenaneo la TV la Top Billing, le hlahiswang bakeng sa SABC3. Ka 1999, Tswelopele e ile ya kopanngwa le Union Alliance Media mme ya thathamiswa ho JSE Securities Exchanged SA, e etsa hore Khumalo e be e mong wa batsamaisi ba basadi ba batsho ba banyenyane ka ho fetisisa ho ba karolo ya moelelo o ka sehloohong wa moruo wa Afrika Boroa. Dilemong tsa morao tjena, katleho ya Top Billing e tlisitse merero e mengata ho tjha ya Tswelopele, jwalo ka lenaneo la makasine ya Afrikaans ''Pasella'' ho SABC2 le lenaneo la batjha la ''Seskohona'' ho SABC1. Ka 2001, Basetsane o ile a ikopanya le Gauteng Travel Academy e le motsamaisi. Ka 2016, e ne e le moahlodi wa moeti tlhodisanong ya ho qetela ya botle ba Miss South Africa 2016, sebaka sa Carnival City's Big Top Arena, [[Gauteng]], [[Afrika Borwa]]. E fetiswa ke marang-rang a thelevishene M-Net le Mzansi Magic. === Tlhahiso ya thelevishene === Ke modulasetulo wa ka Sehloohong wa Tswelopele Productions mme o hlahisitse ka Connect TV le Tswelopele Products mananeo a fapaneng a thelevishene a kang Top Billing, Pasella, Date My Family, Our Perfect Wedding, Diski Divas, Becoming, Pastor wants a wife, Expresso, Afternoon Express, Saving our Marriage, Please Step In le Utatakho. === Kgwebo === Khumalo ke mopresidente wa mehleng wa Mokgatlo wa Basadi ba Kgwebo ya Afrika Borwa. Ka 2008, Khumalo e ile ya e ba mohwebi e motjha wa Tawana ka ho etsa kgwebo le khamphani ya hae ya matsete ya Pro Direct 189. O boetse a dula dibokeng tsa "Unipalm Investment Holdings", Vhangana Energy Resources, Tactic Group Limited, SME Financial Holdings Limited, Morongwa Investment Holdings, Seven Falls, Q2 Petroleum le PHAB Holdings. Ke Sebui sa letsholo la "Pampers UNICEF Tetanus" mme ke karolo ya "UNICEF Influential Women Circle" , e entsweng ka sehlopha sa basadi ba kgwebo ba nang le tshusumetso e kgolo naheng, ba kopaneng ho bokella tjhelete ho thusa ho sireletsa bophelo ba bana ba kotsing ka ho fetisisa naheng. Hape ke modulasetulo wa Mokgatlo wa Basadi ba Kgwebo ya Afrika Borwa, Modulasetulo wa Mokgatlo wa Kuhluka le Motlatsi wa Modulasetulo wa Lekgotla la dikhamphani tsa Toka ya Setjhaba. === Ho thusa batho === Ka 2007, mofumahadi wa pele wa mehleng [[Graça Machel]], eo e neng ele mampudi wa "Each One Reach Five", o ile a kgetha Khumalo hore e be e mong wa baithaopi ba hae ba bahlano ba tla etsa tlhahlobo ya setjhaba ya HIV. O boetse o bokelletse tjhelete bakeng sa Sepetlele sa Bana sa Baragwanath le Dr. Precious Moloi-Motsepe. Khumalo o ile a boela a ithaopa le Agang Sechaba, morero o qadileng ka 2007 ke Nomsa Ntshingila, o neng o reretswe ho kgutlisetsa ditoropong tseo ba hlahetseng ho tsona. === Mofuta wa Bassie === Ka 2000, Khumalo o ile a qala letoto la diaparo tsa hae tlasa lebitso la Stature Ladies wear by Bassie, le a jwalo ka mabenkele a di-department a Ackerman dibakeng tse 240 ho phatlalatsa le Afrika Borwa ho Sahara. Ka 2002, tlasa lebitso la Bassie, Khumalo o ile a tsebisa lenane la diborele, le ho phatlalatsa le Torga Optical. O ile a latela sena ka ho tsebisa Bassie Red cosmetics textrange mabenkeleng a 100 a Foschini naheng ka bophara, a latelwa ke Bassie Gold ka 2006. === Ho hatisa === Ka 2004, Khumalo o ile a kenya letsoho bukeng ya Basadi ba kgothatsang mosebetsing, e shebaneng le sefahleho se setjha sa boeta-pele naheng eo. Khumalo o hlahella ho "Recipes from the Heart" le batho ba tsebahalang ba 36 ba ratwang ka ho fetisisa Afrika Borwa. Ke mohlophisi-mongolo wa makasine ya Top Billing. Nakong ya puso ya hae, khumalo e ne e le mohlophisi wa botle ba makasine ya ''DRUM''. Ka 2020, o ile a phatlalatsa buka ya hae Bassie: My Journey of Hope. Buka ena e rekisitswe dikhophi tse fetang 15 000 ho fihlela jwale. === Seya-le-moya === Khumalo o ile a ba le nako e telele Metro FM, ha a ne a tsamaisa lenaneo la Breakfast ho tloha ka la 10 Phato 2006. == Ditshehetso == Ho pepesehela ha hae ho ile ha eketseha le ho feta ha a kgethwa hore e be sefahleho sa lenane la "Revlon Realistic Hair Care" bakeng sa Afrika e ka borwa ho Sahara le mmaraka wa matjhaba. O ile a ba muelli wa Revlon ho feta dilemo tse hlano, Khumalo o ile a tshehetsa ka bokgutswanyane mokgwa wa "BriteSmile" ka ho hlaha websaeteng ya bona. == Ditlaleho tsa Bibele == * ''Bassie: Leeto la ka la Tshepo'' ke Basetsana Khumalo (Penguin Books, 2020) {{ISBN|978-1-77609-481-3}} == Dikgau le ho ananelwa == Ka 1994, o ile a fumana thuto ya tlhompho ya dithuto tsa mose ho mawatle ho Nelson Mandela. Ka 2002 le 2003, o ile a kgethwa ke ''Sunday Times'' le Elle Magazine ho TV Style Awards e le moeti wa makasine / boithabiso ba basadi ya setaele ka ho fetisisa. Ka 2004, Khumalo o ile a kgethwa sebakeng sa bo74 lenaneng la Maafrika Borwa a maholo ka ho fetisisa a 100 ka 2004, e le yena feela Miss Afrika Borwa lenaneng lena. Ka 2006, Mokete wa Feshene wa Cape Town o ile wa fuwa Khumalo Moputso wa Fashion Icon. ''Makasine wa Femina'' o mo kgethile hore ebe e mong wa basadi ba 10 ba kgahlehang ka ho fetisisa Afrika Borwa. Khumalo o boetse o amohetse Moputso wa Selemo le Selemo wa Tlaleho / City Press Prestige. Ka 2011, o ile a fuwa tlotla ya ho ba Moeta-pele e Motjha wa Lefatshe ke Mokgatlo wa Lefatshe wa Moruo. Ka 2019, o ile a fuwa setshwantsho se setle ka ho fetisisa ho South African Style Awards. Ka Mphalane 2021, o ile a fuwa Moputso wa Iconic ke Tastic Rice ka lebaka la ho ba mosadi ya nang le tshusumetso e kgolo sebakeng sa ditaba [[Motse Kapa|Cape Town]]. == Mehlodi == srvskt4gx5kxenv9mbpriw32a9nzft7 2 9826 38347 38248 2026-05-11T20:58:29Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38347 wikitext text/x-wiki Mpho Buntse ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le 'mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+. O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng. Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia Mosebetsi Ka botsebi, Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba. O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo. O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. eje0z1gssfg00gj5w88sdbsxoixlwmu 38348 38347 2026-05-12T04:54:38Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+. O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng. == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba. O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo. O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. 8hjf8v27z6va0nd6h9v3ayas9tye8ql 38349 38348 2026-05-12T05:26:49Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng. == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba. O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo. O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. 57qjm861mfnp0tml3s96pv6fm6i7r02 38350 38349 2026-05-12T05:27:56Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba. O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo. O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. hujhjuqrrkzxmzu02jh8ku521couo4l 38351 38350 2026-05-12T05:29:52Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba. O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo. O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. 5kkptkvh9sixnsv3mzsmfezqbyif06v 38352 38351 2026-05-12T05:32:38Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo. O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. qfmjk1mnlqcnkr6o7rproux1qdsrj6c 38353 38352 2026-05-12T05:34:06Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. c928lbm93zbe4uml9i8ewjfnxis69m4 38354 38353 2026-05-12T05:36:14Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng. Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. <ref>https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/readerblog/page/7/</ref> Boitseko le Bobuelli Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. d8x7paang164jcpfl1tzhps3q04lc57 38355 38354 2026-05-12T05:42:45Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mpho-Buntse-2</ref><ref>https://iypglobal.org/2020/08/07/mpho-buntse/</ref>O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-22-00-bid-to-queer-sas-political-arena/</ref> Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. <ref>https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/readerblog/page/7/</ref> == Boitseko == Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. ikemetseng.academia == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. iiwis9bknw9ce0osyyc5rouzkiqgvjz 38356 38355 2026-05-12T05:43:29Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mpho-Buntse-2</ref><ref>https://iypglobal.org/2020/08/07/mpho-buntse/</ref>O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-22-00-bid-to-queer-sas-political-arena/</ref> Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. <ref>https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/readerblog/page/7/</ref> == Boitseko == Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. 58d5p1x3z76klggz3l4kg1x8lxjvl29 38357 38356 2026-05-12T05:44:02Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mpho-Buntse-2</ref><ref>https://iypglobal.org/2020/08/07/mpho-buntse/</ref>O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-22-00-bid-to-queer-sas-political-arena/</ref> Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. <ref>https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/readerblog/page/7/</ref> == Boitseko == Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. == Mehlodi == li2632lr6prdwepfbirf0c7njivpodn 0 10416 38387 37703 2026-05-12T11:54:45Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 Ke suntse setshwantsho 38387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Magdeline Moyengwa.png|thumb|Magdeline Moyengwa]] '''Magdeline Moyengwa''' (ya hlahileng ka la 31 Hlakubele 2001) ke mophamisi wa ditshepe [[Botswana|wa Botswana]]. Ke mophamisi wa pele wa basadi wa ditshepe Botswana ho emela naha ya habo ho [[:en:World_Weightlifting_Championships|Litlholisano tsa Lefatshe tsa ho Apara Ditshepe]] le [[:en:Summer_Olympics|Liolimpiki tsa Lehlabula]]. == Mosebetsi == Ka 2019, o [[:en:Botswana_at_the_2019_African_Games|ile a emela Botswana]] [[Botswana|Lipapaling]] [[:en:2019_African_Games|tsa Afrika]] tse neng li tshwaretsoe Rabat, [[Morocco]]. Selemong sona seo, o ile a qothisana lehlokoa le basali ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50 ho [[:en:2019_World_Weightlifting_Championships|Litlholisano tsa Lefatshe tsa ho Li phahamisa Boima tsa 2019]] Pattaya, naheng ya Thailand. <ref>[https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/dhttps://web.archive.org/web/20210725001808/https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2019/09/job_934-Pattaya_2019.pdfownloads/2019/09/job_934-Pattaya_2019.pdf "2019 World Weightlifting Championships Results Book]" (PDF). ''International Weightlifting Federation''. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2019/09/job_934-Pattaya_2019.pdf Etchells, Daniel (23 September 2019)]. "Botswana history made as Moyengwa becomes country's first-ever athlete to compete at IWF World Championships". ''InsideTheGames.biz''. Retrieved 23 September 2019</ref> Ka 2021, o hapile kgau ea boronse sehlopheng sa basadi ba boima ba 59kg ho [[:en:2019_World_Weightlifting_Championships|Litlholisano tsa Boima ba Afrika]] tse neng li tshwaretswe motse moholo,Nairobi, naheng ya [[Kenya]]. Ka Phupu 2001, o [[:en:Botswana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics|ile a emela Botswana]] [[:en:2020_Summer_Olympics|Diolimpiking tsa Lehlabula tsa 2020]] Tokyo, Japane. O ile a qothisana lehlokoa tlholisanong ea basali ea boima ba 59. O ile a phahamisa boima ba 70 kg mme ha a ka a ingodisa ho Clean and Jerk. <ref>[https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/tokyo-2020https://web.archive.org/web/20210727093141/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/WLF/OG2020-_WLF_C73_WLFW59KG- "Women's 59 kg Results"] (PDF). ''2020 Summer Olympics''. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021</ref> == Mehlodi == {{reflist}} 11y0bd5zh8w7l2niu4saktzeulbac02 38388 38387 2026-05-12T11:56:42Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 Ke suntse setshwantsho 38388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Magdeline Moyengwa.png|thumb|Magdeline Moyengwa]] '''Magdeline Moyengwa''' (ya hlahileng ka la 31 Hlakubele 2001) ke mophamisi wa ditshepe [[Botswana|wa Botswana]]. Ke mophamisi wa pele wa basadi wa ditshepe [[Botswana]] ho emela naha ya habo ho [[:en:World_Weightlifting_Championships|Ditlholisano tsa Lefatshe tsa ho Apara Ditshepe]] le [[:en:Summer_Olympics|Diolimpiki tsa Lehlabula]]. == Mosebetsi == Ka 2019, o [[:en:Botswana_at_the_2019_African_Games|ile a emela Botswana]] [[Botswana|dipapaling]] [[:en:2019_African_Games|tsa Afrika]] tse neng di tshwaretswe Rabat, naheng ya [[Morocco]]. Selemong sona seo, o ile a qothisana lehlokoa le basadi ba boima ba dikhilograma tse 50 ho [[:en:2019_World_Weightlifting_Championships|Ditlhodisano tsa Lefatshe tsa ho phahamisa Boima tsa selemo sa 2019]] Pattaya, naheng ya Thailand. <ref>[https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/dhttps://web.archive.org/web/20210725001808/https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2019/09/job_934-Pattaya_2019.pdfownloads/2019/09/job_934-Pattaya_2019.pdf "2019 World Weightlifting Championships Results Book]" (PDF). ''International Weightlifting Federation''. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2019/09/job_934-Pattaya_2019.pdf Etchells, Daniel (23 September 2019)]. "Botswana history made as Moyengwa becomes country's first-ever athlete to compete at IWF World Championships". ''InsideTheGames.biz''. Retrieved 23 September 2019</ref> Ka 2021, o hapile kgau ya boronse sehlopheng sa basadi ba boima ba 59kg ho [[:en:2019_World_Weightlifting_Championships|Litlholisano tsa Boima ba Afrika]] tse neng li tshwaretswe motse moholo,Nairobi, naheng ya [[Kenya]]. Ka Dhupu 2001, o [[:en:Botswana_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics|ile a emela Botswana]] [[:en:2020_Summer_Olympics|Diolimpiking tsa Lehlabula tsa 2020]] Tokyo, Japane. O ile a qothisana lehlokWa tlholisanong ya basadi ya boima ba 59. O ile a phahamisa boima ba 70 kg mme ha a ka a ingodisa ho Clean and Jerk. <ref>[https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/tokyo-2020https://web.archive.org/web/20210727093141/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/resOG2020-/pdf/OG2020-/WLF/OG2020-_WLF_C73_WLFW59KG- "Women's 59 kg Results"] (PDF). ''2020 Summer Olympics''. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2021. Retrieved 31 July 2021</ref> == Mehlodi == {{reflist}} hlx4df3ubz7i4lcrdboddif3xgyr6cu 0 10442 38341 37914 2026-05-11T20:12:14Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Created by translating the section "Career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323136590|Busi Kheswa]]" 38341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busi Kheswa''' ke mohlabani wa LGBT wa Afrika Borwa le Mmahistori ya molomo. O tsebahala haholo ka ho tsamaisa Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162819/http://www.mambaonline.com/article.asp?artid=2145</ref> e sebetsang ho ntshetsa pele le ho sireletsa ditokelo tsa basadi ba LGBT Afrika Borwa. == Mehlodi == <references /> == Mosebetsi == Kheswa ke setho sa mekgatlo e mengata e amehang ho ditokelo tsa LGBT Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa Gay le Lesbian Archives (GALA) le Lesbian le Gay Equality Project (LGEP) hammoho le FEW. GALA ke mokgatlo o ngolang mathata le nalane ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT, mme o sebedisa dipale tsa bona bakeng sa difilimi tse phephetsang ho hlekefetswa ke batho ba bong bo tshwanang le ho ntshetsa pele ditokelo tsa basodoma. Kheswa o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa ho fumana nalane bakeng sa dikoleke tsa pono tse hlophisitsweng ke GALA, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho mererong ya thuto ya setjhaba. LGEP ke sehlopha sa baitseki se sebetsang ho ntlafatsa molao ho netefatsa tokoloho ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT. Jwaloka motsamaisi wa motheo wa FEW, mosebetsi wa Kheswa o bile le karolo ya bohlokwa ho susumetseng tshireletso kgahlanong le ditlolo tsa molao tsa lehloyo, ho kenyeletswa le ho hlekefetsa basadi, tse etsahalang kgafetsa mme hangata di sa fuwe kotlo, leha di hanyetsa molao w Afrika Borwa o reng batho ba LGBT ba na le ditokelo tse hlokang leeme le tse lekanang. Hangata basadi ba hlokofatswa ka tsela ya ho hlokofatswa, ba betwa, esita le ho bolawa. FEW e thehilwe ka 2002 Johannesburg, mme e sebedisa disebediswa tse sa tshwaneng ho eketsa kananelo ya ditokelo tsa basodoma ho kenyeletsa mananeo a boeta-pele ho kgothaletsa batho ho ema bakeng sa bona le setjhaba sa bona, mokgatlo wa matsholo a ho qobella molao wa tlolo tsa molao wa lehloyo, le merero ya ditokelo ya bophelo bo botle. b3z0v58fpdza57az1r1mbc8i6raewk2 38342 38341 2026-05-11T20:12:49Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busi Kheswa''' ke mohlabani wa LGBT wa Afrika Borwa le Mmahistori ya molomo. O tsebahala haholo ka ho tsamaisa Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162819/http://www.mambaonline.com/article.asp?artid=2145</ref> e sebetsang ho ntshetsa pele le ho sireletsa ditokelo tsa basadi ba LGBT Afrika Borwa. == Mosebetsi == Kheswa ke setho sa mekgatlo e mengata e amehang ho ditokelo tsa LGBT Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa Gay le Lesbian Archives (GALA) le Lesbian le Gay Equality Project (LGEP) hammoho le FEW. GALA ke mokgatlo o ngolang mathata le nalane ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT, mme o sebedisa dipale tsa bona bakeng sa difilimi tse phephetsang ho hlekefetswa ke batho ba bong bo tshwanang le ho ntshetsa pele ditokelo tsa basodoma. Kheswa o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa ho fumana nalane bakeng sa dikoleke tsa pono tse hlophisitsweng ke GALA, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho mererong ya thuto ya setjhaba. LGEP ke sehlopha sa baitseki se sebetsang ho ntlafatsa molao ho netefatsa tokoloho ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT. Jwaloka motsamaisi wa motheo wa FEW, mosebetsi wa Kheswa o bile le karolo ya bohlokwa ho susumetseng tshireletso kgahlanong le ditlolo tsa molao tsa lehloyo, ho kenyeletswa le ho hlekefetsa basadi, tse etsahalang kgafetsa mme hangata di sa fuwe kotlo, leha di hanyetsa molao w Afrika Borwa o reng batho ba LGBT ba na le ditokelo tse hlokang leeme le tse lekanang. Hangata basadi ba hlokofatswa ka tsela ya ho hlokofatswa, ba betwa, esita le ho bolawa. FEW e thehilwe ka 2002 Johannesburg, mme e sebedisa disebediswa tse sa tshwaneng ho eketsa kananelo ya ditokelo tsa basodoma ho kenyeletsa mananeo a boeta-pele ho kgothaletsa batho ho ema bakeng sa bona le setjhaba sa bona, mokgatlo wa matsholo a ho qobella molao wa tlolo tsa molao wa lehloyo, le merero ya ditokelo ya bophelo bo botle. hloufbo4d135a0ras0oerx8ow4lnmc3 38343 38342 2026-05-11T20:16:03Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Created by translating the section "Personal life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323136590|Busi Kheswa]]" 38343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busi Kheswa''' ke mohlabani wa LGBT wa Afrika Borwa le Mmahistori ya molomo. O tsebahala haholo ka ho tsamaisa Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162819/http://www.mambaonline.com/article.asp?artid=2145</ref> e sebetsang ho ntshetsa pele le ho sireletsa ditokelo tsa basadi ba LGBT Afrika Borwa. == Mosebetsi == Kheswa ke setho sa mekgatlo e mengata e amehang ho ditokelo tsa LGBT Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa Gay le Lesbian Archives (GALA) le Lesbian le Gay Equality Project (LGEP) hammoho le FEW. GALA ke mokgatlo o ngolang mathata le nalane ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT, mme o sebedisa dipale tsa bona bakeng sa difilimi tse phephetsang ho hlekefetswa ke batho ba bong bo tshwanang le ho ntshetsa pele ditokelo tsa basodoma. Kheswa o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa ho fumana nalane bakeng sa dikoleke tsa pono tse hlophisitsweng ke GALA, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho mererong ya thuto ya setjhaba. LGEP ke sehlopha sa baitseki se sebetsang ho ntlafatsa molao ho netefatsa tokoloho ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT. Jwaloka motsamaisi wa motheo wa FEW, mosebetsi wa Kheswa o bile le karolo ya bohlokwa ho susumetseng tshireletso kgahlanong le ditlolo tsa molao tsa lehloyo, ho kenyeletswa le ho hlekefetsa basadi, tse etsahalang kgafetsa mme hangata di sa fuwe kotlo, leha di hanyetsa molao w Afrika Borwa o reng batho ba LGBT ba na le ditokelo tse hlokang leeme le tse lekanang. Hangata basadi ba hlokofatswa ka tsela ya ho hlokofatswa, ba betwa, esita le ho bolawa. FEW e thehilwe ka 2002 Johannesburg, mme e sebedisa disebediswa tse sa tshwaneng ho eketsa kananelo ya ditokelo tsa basodoma ho kenyeletsa mananeo a boeta-pele ho kgothaletsa batho ho ema bakeng sa bona le setjhaba sa bona, mokgatlo wa matsholo a ho qobella molao wa tlolo tsa molao wa lehloyo, le merero ya ditokelo ya bophelo bo botle. == Bophelo ba motho == Kheswa hape ke moholo Kerekeng ya Metropolitan ya Hope and Unity Community, e leng phutheho ya pele ya Afrika e bulehileng ya basodoma. 371ui7dur0vnlq1cwutqhqnfd0pb7ct 38344 38343 2026-05-11T20:17:21Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busi Kheswa''' ke mohlabani wa LGBT wa Afrika Borwa le Mmahistori ya molomo. O tsebahala haholo ka ho tsamaisa Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162819/http://www.mambaonline.com/article.asp?artid=2145</ref> e sebetsang ho ntshetsa pele le ho sireletsa ditokelo tsa basadi ba LGBT Afrika Borwa. == Mosebetsi == Kheswa ke setho sa mekgatlo e mengata e amehang ho ditokelo tsa LGBT Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa Gay le Lesbian Archives (GALA) le Lesbian le Gay Equality Project (LGEP) hammoho le FEW. GALA ke mokgatlo o ngolang mathata le nalane ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT, mme o sebedisa dipale tsa bona bakeng sa difilimi tse phephetsang ho hlekefetswa ke batho ba bong bo tshwanang le ho ntshetsa pele ditokelo tsa basodoma. Kheswa o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa ho fumana nalane bakeng sa dikoleke tsa pono tse hlophisitsweng ke GALA, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho mererong ya thuto ya setjhaba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120124021605/http://www.oia.co.za/october-2011-festival/guests/</ref> LGEP ke sehlopha sa baitseki se sebetsang ho ntlafatsa molao ho netefatsa tokoloho ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT. Jwaloka motsamaisi wa motheo wa FEW, mosebetsi wa Kheswa o bile le karolo ya bohlokwa ho susumetseng tshireletso kgahlanong le ditlolo tsa molao tsa lehloyo, ho kenyeletswa le ho hlekefetsa basadi, tse etsahalang kgafetsa mme hangata di sa fuwe kotlo, leha di hanyetsa molao w Afrika Borwa o reng batho ba LGBT ba na le ditokelo tse hlokang leeme le tse lekanang. Hangata basadi ba hlokofatswa ka tsela ya ho hlokofatswa, ba betwa, esita le ho bolawa. FEW e thehilwe ka 2002 Johannesburg, mme e sebedisa disebediswa tse sa tshwaneng ho eketsa kananelo ya ditokelo tsa basodoma ho kenyeletsa mananeo a boeta-pele ho kgothaletsa batho ho ema bakeng sa bona le setjhaba sa bona, mokgatlo wa matsholo a ho qobella molao wa tlolo tsa molao wa lehloyo, le merero ya ditokelo ya bophelo bo botle. == Bophelo ba motho == Kheswa hape ke moholo Kerekeng ya Metropolitan ya Hope and Unity Community, e leng phutheho ya pele ya Afrika e bulehileng ya basodoma. 4uku0i93u2fo6fw9sabf4wgawi8be04 38345 38344 2026-05-11T20:18:25Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busi Kheswa''' ke mohlabani wa LGBT wa Afrika Borwa le Mmahistori ya molomo. O tsebahala haholo ka ho tsamaisa Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW).<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162819/http://www.mambaonline.com/article.asp?artid=2145</ref> e sebetsang ho ntshetsa pele le ho sireletsa ditokelo tsa basadi ba LGBT Afrika Borwa. == Mosebetsi == Kheswa ke setho sa mekgatlo e mengata e amehang ho ditokelo tsa LGBT Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa Gay le Lesbian Archives (GALA) le Lesbian le Gay Equality Project (LGEP) hammoho le FEW. GALA ke mokgatlo o ngolang mathata le nalane ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT, mme o sebedisa dipale tsa bona bakeng sa difilimi tse phephetsang ho hlekefetswa ke batho ba bong bo tshwanang le ho ntshetsa pele ditokelo tsa basodoma. Kheswa o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa ho fumana nalane bakeng sa dikoleke tsa pono tse hlophisitsweng ke GALA, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho mererong ya thuto ya setjhaba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120124021605/http://www.oia.co.za/october-2011-festival/guests/</ref> LGEP ke sehlopha sa baitseki se sebetsang ho ntlafatsa molao ho netefatsa tokoloho ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT. Jwaloka motsamaisi wa motheo wa FEW, mosebetsi wa Kheswa o bile le karolo ya bohlokwa ho susumetseng tshireletso kgahlanong le ditlolo tsa molao tsa lehloyo, ho kenyeletswa le ho hlekefetsa basadi, tse etsahalang kgafetsa mme hangata di sa fuwe kotlo, leha di hanyetsa molao w Afrika Borwa o reng batho ba LGBT ba na le ditokelo tse hlokang leeme le tse lekanang. Hangata basadi ba hlokofatswa ka tsela ya ho hlokofatswa, ba betwa, esita le ho bolawa. FEW e thehilwe ka 2002 Johannesburg, mme e sebedisa disebediswa tse sa tshwaneng ho eketsa kananelo ya ditokelo tsa basodoma ho kenyeletsa mananeo a boeta-pele ho kgothaletsa batho ho ema bakeng sa bona le setjhaba sa bona, mokgatlo wa matsholo a ho qobella molao wa tlolo tsa molao wa lehloyo, le merero ya ditokelo ya bophelo bo botle. == Bophelo ba motho == Kheswa hape ke moholo Kerekeng ya Metropolitan ya Hope and Unity Community, e leng phutheho ya pele ya Afrika e bulehileng ya basodoma.<ref name=":0" /> bbbqxzahn4cxzqcekpwld5dqdv32zpz 38346 38345 2026-05-11T20:18:54Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busi Kheswa''' ke mohlabani wa LGBT wa Afrika Borwa le Mmahistori ya molomo. O tsebahala haholo ka ho tsamaisa Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW).<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162819/http://www.mambaonline.com/article.asp?artid=2145</ref> e sebetsang ho ntshetsa pele le ho sireletsa ditokelo tsa basadi ba LGBT Afrika Borwa. == Mosebetsi == Kheswa ke setho sa mekgatlo e mengata e amehang ho ditokelo tsa LGBT Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa Gay le Lesbian Archives (GALA) le Lesbian le Gay Equality Project (LGEP) hammoho le FEW. GALA ke mokgatlo o ngolang mathata le nalane ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT, mme o sebedisa dipale tsa bona bakeng sa difilimi tse phephetsang ho hlekefetswa ke batho ba bong bo tshwanang le ho ntshetsa pele ditokelo tsa basodoma. Kheswa o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa ho fumana nalane bakeng sa dikoleke tsa pono tse hlophisitsweng ke GALA, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho mererong ya thuto ya setjhaba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120124021605/http://www.oia.co.za/october-2011-festival/guests/</ref> LGEP ke sehlopha sa baitseki se sebetsang ho ntlafatsa molao ho netefatsa tokoloho ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT. Jwaloka motsamaisi wa motheo wa FEW, mosebetsi wa Kheswa o bile le karolo ya bohlokwa ho susumetseng tshireletso kgahlanong le ditlolo tsa molao tsa lehloyo, ho kenyeletswa le ho hlekefetsa basadi, tse etsahalang kgafetsa mme hangata di sa fuwe kotlo, leha di hanyetsa molao w Afrika Borwa o reng batho ba LGBT ba na le ditokelo tse hlokang leeme le tse lekanang. Hangata basadi ba hlokofatswa ka tsela ya ho hlokofatswa, ba betwa, esita le ho bolawa. FEW e thehilwe ka 2002 Johannesburg, mme e sebedisa disebediswa tse sa tshwaneng ho eketsa kananelo ya ditokelo tsa basodoma ho kenyeletsa mananeo a boeta-pele ho kgothaletsa batho ho ema bakeng sa bona le setjhaba sa bona, mokgatlo wa matsholo a ho qobella molao wa tlolo tsa molao wa lehloyo, le merero ya ditokelo ya bophelo bo botle. == Bophelo ba motho == Kheswa hape ke moholo Kerekeng ya Metropolitan ya Hope and Unity Community, e leng phutheho ya pele ya Afrika e bulehileng ya basodoma.<ref name=":0" /> == Mehlodi == n2kp3m3v7ai99wmcoxao1qziwvcvfak 38360 38346 2026-05-12T07:14:55Z KeMang?? 6412 ke kentse linki 38360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Busi Kheswa''' ke mohlabani wa LGBT wa [[Afrika Borwa]] le Mmahistori ya molomo. O tsebahala haholo ka ho tsamaisa Forum for the Empowerment of Women (FEW).<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20150616162819/http://www.mambaonline.com/article.asp?artid=2145</ref> e sebetsang ho ntshetsa pele le ho sireletsa ditokelo tsa basadi ba LGBT Afrika Borwa. == Mosebetsi == Kheswa ke setho sa mekgatlo e mengata e amehang ho ditokelo tsa LGBT Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa Gay le Lesbian Archives (GALA) le Lesbian le Gay Equality Project (LGEP) hammoho le FEW. GALA ke mokgatlo o ngolang mathata le nalane ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT, mme o sebedisa dipale tsa bona bakeng sa difilimi tse phephetsang ho hlekefetswa ke batho ba bong bo tshwanang le ho ntshetsa pele ditokelo tsa basodoma. Kheswa o ne a ikarabella bakeng sa ho fumana nalane bakeng sa dikoleke tsa pono tse hlophisitsweng ke GALA, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho mererong ya thuto ya setjhaba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120124021605/http://www.oia.co.za/october-2011-festival/guests/</ref> LGEP ke sehlopha sa baitseki se sebetsang ho ntlafatsa molao ho netefatsa tokoloho ya batho ba Afrika Borwa ba LGBT. Jwaloka motsamaisi wa motheo wa FEW, mosebetsi wa Kheswa o bile le karolo ya bohlokwa ho susumetseng tshireletso kgahlanong le ditlolo tsa molao tsa lehloyo, ho kenyeletswa le ho hlekefetsa basadi, tse etsahalang kgafetsa mme hangata di sa fuwe kotlo, leha di hanyetsa molao w Afrika Borwa o reng batho ba LGBT ba na le ditokelo tse hlokang leeme le tse lekanang. Hangata basadi ba hlokofatswa ka tsela ya ho hlokofatswa, ba betwa, esita le ho bolawa. FEW e thehilwe ka 2002 [[Johannesburg]], mme e sebedisa disebediswa tse sa tshwaneng ho eketsa kananelo ya ditokelo tsa basodoma ho kenyeletsa mananeo a boeta-pele ho kgothaletsa batho ho ema bakeng sa bona le setjhaba sa bona, mokgatlo wa matsholo a ho qobella molao wa tlolo tsa molao wa lehloyo, le merero ya ditokelo ya bophelo bo botle. == Bophelo ba motho == Kheswa hape ke moholo Kerekeng ya Metropolitan ya Hope and Unity Community, e leng phutheho ya pele ya Afrika e bulehileng ya basodoma.<ref name=":0" /> == Mehlodi == 0z34f2ngfhnp1hvssomy9okbhw6a3h6 0 10484 38340 38333 2026-05-11T17:06:44Z Dumbassman 7165 38340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsatsi la mme''' ke mokete o tlotlisang bomme ba malapa kapa motho ka mong, hammoho le bomme, ditlamo tsa bomme le tshusumetso ya bomme setjhabeng. E ketekwa ka matsatsi a sa tshwaneng dikarolong tse ngata tsa lefatshe, hangata ka March kapa May. E tlatsetsa meketeng e tshwanang e tlotlisang ditho tsa lelapa, e kang Letsatsi la Ntate, Letsatsi la Bana ba motho le letsatsi la bontate-moholo. Dinaha tse lefatsheng ka bophara di na le histori elya dilemo tse makgolo-kgolo ya letsatsi la ho keteka bomme. United States, mokete wa kajeno wa matsatsi a phomolo o qalile Mathwasong a bo20 la dilemo tse fitileng ka hlohleletso ya Anna Jarvis. O hlophisitse tshebeletso ya pele ya borapedi le mokete wa letsatsi la Bomme kerekeng ya Episcopal ya Methodist ya Andrews e Grafton, West Virginia, e sebetsang e le sehalalelo sa letsatsi la bohle la bomme kajeno.<ref name=":0">https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamoth00orei</ref> Ha e amane ka kotloloho le mekete e mengata ya setso ya bomme le bo-mme e bileng teng lefatsheng ka bophara ka dilemo tse dikete, jwalo ka borapedi ba bagerike ho Cybele, modimo wa mme Rhea, mokete wa Roma wa Hilaria, kapa mokete o mong wa kereke wa bokreste wa Mothering Sunday (o amanang le setshwantsho sa Kereke ya mme). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Journal_of_Psychiatry</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=CJJracI4-JUC</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmark_Cards</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother%27s_Day#CITEREFHelsloot2007</ref>Leha ho le jwalo, dinaheng tse ding, Letsatsi la Bomme le ntse le tshwana le dineano tsena tsa kgale.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/holydays/motheringsunday_1.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/17343360</ref><ref>https://www.churchofengland.org/news-and-media/stories-and-features/mothering-sunday-what-are-its-origins-church</ref> [[File:Andrea_Solario_002.jpg|alt=Mother's Day|thumb|Madonna wa Green Cushion, Andrea Solari, ka 1510. Musée du Louvre]] Phetolelo ya Amerika ya letsatsi la bomme e bile ya nyatsuwa ka lebaka la ho ba e rekisitswe haholo.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/mothers-day-today-2016-when-is-it-why-celebrate-which-countries-a7019121.html</ref><ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/mothers-day-2017-uk-date-facts-traditions/</ref>Jarvis ka boyena, ya qadileng mokete ona e le ketsahalo ya Ditoro, o ile a maswabi ka khwebo ena mme a bontsha hore ha ho mohla e neng e le sepheo sa hae.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/13/us/mothers-day-anna-jarvis-trnd/index.html</ref> Ka karabelo, Constance Adelaide Smith o ile a arabela ka katleho Sontaha sa ho ba le mme e le sehopotso sa tlhaloso e pharaletseng ya bo-mme dikarolong tse ding tse ngata tsa lefatshe le buang Senyesemane. ==Mehlodi== {{reflist}} e5ykt2u08llh5khl77bzackgokotwqi 0 10486 38358 2026-05-12T05:47:12Z SANKOMOTA 11165 Created page with "'''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<..." 38358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgelotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mpho-Buntse-2</ref><ref>https://iypglobal.org/2020/08/07/mpho-buntse/</ref>O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-22-00-bid-to-queer-sas-political-arena/</ref> Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. <ref>https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/readerblog/page/7/</ref> == Boitseko == Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. == Mehlodi == li2632lr6prdwepfbirf0c7njivpodn 38359 38358 2026-05-12T06:28:36Z SANKOMOTA 11165 38359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa Afrika Borwa, mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgesollotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya Johannesburg, moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mpho-Buntse-2</ref><ref>https://iypglobal.org/2020/08/07/mpho-buntse/</ref>O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-22-00-bid-to-queer-sas-political-arena/</ref> Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. <ref>https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/readerblog/page/7/</ref> == Boitseko == Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella sechaba le boetapele bo reretsoeng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e khothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. == Mehlodi == m41keyucubv6v8dvr08x3ds6ybehgzl 38377 38359 2026-05-12T08:25:04Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa diphoso 38377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mpho Buntse''' ke moitseki wa [[Afrika Borwa]], mongodi, setsebi sa digokahano, le mmuelli wa ditokelo tsa botho, haholo-holo ka hara setjhaba sa LGBTQIA+.<ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/author/mpho-buntse/</ref> O tsebahala ka mosebetsi wa hae wa ntshetsopele ya batjha, boetapele ba setjhaba, boraditaba, le boitseko ba bokgabane Afrika Borwa. Buntse o bile le seabo matsholong a kgothalletsang tekatekano, toka ya setjhaba, le tshireletso ya ditjhaba tse kgesollotsweng.<ref>https://200youngsouthafricans.co.za/mpho-buntse-33-2022/</ref> == Bophelo ba Pele le Thuto == Mpho Buntse o ithutile Univesithing ya [[Johannesburg]], moo a qetileng lengolo la Bachelor of Arts in Journalism le lengolo la BA Honours in Communication Theory. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mpho-Buntse-2</ref><ref>https://iypglobal.org/2020/08/07/mpho-buntse/</ref>O ile a boela a phehella dipatlisiso tsa morao-rao dithutong tsa puisano, a shebane le boemedi ba metjha ya ditaba le ho kenyeletsoa setjhabeng.<ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-22-00-bid-to-queer-sas-political-arena/</ref> Dithahasello tsa hae tsa thuto di kenyelletsa puisano bakeng sa phetoho ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa metjha ya ditaba, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho. <ref>https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/readerblog/page/7/</ref> == Boitseko == Buntse o bile mafolofolo mosebetsing wa bobuelli ho tloha botjheng, a shebane le ditaba tse amang batho ba LGBTQIA+, matlafatso ya batjha, le ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. <ref>https://iypglobal.org/tag/mpho-buntse/</ref>O nkile karolo matsholong a ho kgothaletsa maano le melao e kenyelleditseng batho bohle Afrika Borwa mme o ngotse haholo ka nalane le ponahalo ya ditjhaba tsa LGBTQIA+. O boetse o kentse letsoho mererong ya ho bokella setjhaba le boetapele bo reretsweng ho sebetsana le ho se lekane le ho qhelelwa ka thoko setjhabeng. Boemong ba univesithi, Buntse o ne a ameha boetapeleng ba baithuti le ho hlophisa LGBTQIA+, ho kenyeletswa ho sebetsa le mekgatlo ya baithuti e buellang tekano le boemedi. O ile a boela a theha le ho kenya letsoho mererong e neng e kgothaletsa dipuisano tsa setjhaba ka ditokelo tsa botho le mefuta-futa. == Mosebetsi == Buntse o sebeditse boqolotsing ba ditaba, dikgokahano le dikamano tsa setjhaba.<ref>https://www.sabooksonline.co.za/library/book/86ae6fb0-a8e5-11f0-bf5f-001e67b2aac8</ref>O bile le dikarolo tse amanang le mekgatlo ya bobuelli le matsapa a dikgokahano, ho kenyeletswa mosebetsi e le moetapele wa dikhokahano mekgatlong e kgothaletsang tekano le litokelo tsa molaotheo.<ref>https://victoryinstitute.org/south-africa-trainee-fights-lgbti-political-inclusion/</ref> O boetse o amahanngwa le merero ya puisano e shebaneng le batjha le merero ya ho kenya letsoho setjhabeng. == Mehlodi == tojunze8jtqm1z2udv9scnyb62bb7he 0 10487 38361 2026-05-12T07:40:42Z KeMang?? 6412 Created page with "Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; Sexhosa: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] Zulu [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", [ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa. Toropo ea Johannesburg ka boeona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo oa Motse-moholo oa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <re..." 38361 wikitext text/x-wiki Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; Sexhosa: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] Zulu [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", [ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa. Toropo ea Johannesburg ka boeona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo oa Motse-moholo oa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa libaka tse 100 tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea Gauteng, profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa, le setulo sa lekhotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekhotla la Molao oa Motheo. E lutse holim'a maralla a nang le liminerale a Witwatersrand, ke khale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa khoebo ea machaba ea liminerale le khauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa 'me ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> Johannesburg e thehiloe ka 1886, kamora ho sibolloa ha khauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ea eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetsoa ke matlotlo a maholo a khauta a fumanoeng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ea sejoale-joale ke kopanyo ea litoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a khethollo ea libaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Litoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e khethiloeng e le toropo ea "batšo feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa libaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le khethollo, ho kenyeletsoa Nelson Mandela le Desmond Tutu, e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa Merusu ea Soweto ea 1976, moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Boroa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Libaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg le Roodeport.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo.[45] Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka boroa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motšeanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa.[50] Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg.[50] Soweto, toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.[51] Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. [51] 77d36rfr0tq07yj7ts9wut02dgi6fe2 38362 38361 2026-05-12T07:43:30Z KeMang?? 6412 38362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|thumb|Motsemoholo wa Gauteng,Johannesburg.]] Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; Sexhosa: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] Zulu [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", [ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa. Toropo ea Johannesburg ka boeona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo oa Motse-moholo oa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa libaka tse 100 tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea Gauteng, profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa, le setulo sa lekhotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekhotla la Molao oa Motheo. E lutse holim'a maralla a nang le liminerale a Witwatersrand, ke khale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa khoebo ea machaba ea liminerale le khauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa 'me ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Johannesburg]] Johannesburg e thehiloe ka 1886, kamora ho sibolloa ha khauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ea eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetsoa ke matlotlo a maholo a khauta a fumanoeng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ea sejoale-joale ke kopanyo ea litoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a khethollo ea libaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Litoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e khethiloeng e le toropo ea "batšo feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa libaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le khethollo, ho kenyeletsoa Nelson Mandela le Desmond Tutu, e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa Merusu ea Soweto ea 1976, moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Boroa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Libaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg le Roodeport.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo.[45] Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka boroa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motšeanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg.[50] Soweto, toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.[51] Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. [51] == Mehlodi == 4ewpk03l89dkfeumrxk4wd5bw2i5jrj 38363 38362 2026-05-12T07:44:36Z KeMang?? 6412 38363 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|thumb|Motsemoholo wa Gauteng,Johannesburg.]] Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; Sexhosa: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] Zulu [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", [ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa. Toropo ea Johannesburg ka boeona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo oa Motse-moholo oa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa libaka tse 100 tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea Gauteng, profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Boroa, le setulo sa lekhotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekhotla la Molao oa Motheo. E lutse holim'a maralla a nang le liminerale a Witwatersrand, ke khale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa khoebo ea machaba ea liminerale le khauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa 'me ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Johannesburg]] Johannesburg e thehiloe ka 1886, kamora ho sibolloa ha khauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ea eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetsoa ke matlotlo a maholo a khauta a fumanoeng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ea sejoale-joale ke kopanyo ea litoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a khethollo ea libaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Litoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e khethiloeng e le toropo ea "batšo feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa libaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le khethollo, ho kenyeletsoa Nelson Mandela le Desmond Tutu, e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa Merusu ea Soweto ea 1976, moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Boroa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Libaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg le Roodeport.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo. Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka borwa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motsheanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka selemo sa 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg. [[Soweto]], toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. == Mehlodi == aqsjl63alb7itb0by8rihhr3jm8qmnf 38364 38363 2026-05-12T07:47:39Z KeMang?? 6412 38364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|thumb|Motsemoholo wa Gauteng,Johannesburg.]] Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; [[Seqhosa|Sexhosa]]: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] [[Sezulu|Zulu]] [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa [[Afrika Borwa]]. Toropo ya Johannesburg ka boeona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo wa Motse-moholo wa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa dibaka tse 100 tse kgolo ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea [[Gauteng]], profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Borwa, le setulo sa lekgotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekgotla la Molao oa Motheo. E lutse hodima maralla a nang le liminerale a Witwatersrand, ke kgale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa khoebo ea machaba ea liminerale le khauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa 'me ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Johannesburg]] Johannesburg e thehiloe ka 1886, kamora ho sibolloa ha khauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ea eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetsoa ke matlotlo a maholo a khauta a fumanoeng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ea sejoale-joale ke kopanyo ea litoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a khethollo ea libaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Litoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e khethiloeng e le toropo ea "batšo feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa libaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le khethollo, ho kenyeletsoa Nelson Mandela le Desmond Tutu, e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa Merusu ea Soweto ea 1976, moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Boroa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Libaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg le Roodeport.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo. Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka borwa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motsheanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka selemo sa 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg. [[Soweto]], toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. == Mehlodi == 15qngru8awq6w6eon5xex8fhr4cxug0 38365 38364 2026-05-12T07:48:45Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa diphoso 38365 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|thumb|Motsemoholo wa Gauteng,Johannesburg.]] Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; [[Seqhosa|Sexhosa]]: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] [[Sezulu|Zulu]] [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa [[Afrika Borwa]]. Toropo ya Johannesburg ka boyona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo wa Motse-moholo wa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa dibaka tse 100 tse kgolo ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea [[Gauteng]], profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Borwa, le setulo sa lekgotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekgotla la Molao oa Motheo. E dutse hodima maralla a nang le diminerale a Witwatersrand, ke kgale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa kgwebo ya matjhaba ya diminerale le kgauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo wa moruo wa Afrika Borwa mme ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kgolo ka ho fetisisa ya kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Johannesburg]] Johannesburg e thehiloe ka 1886, kamora ho sibolloa ha khauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ea eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetsoa ke matlotlo a maholo a khauta a fumanoeng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ea sejoale-joale ke kopanyo ea litoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a khethollo ea libaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Litoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e khethiloeng e le toropo ea "batšo feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa libaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le khethollo, ho kenyeletsoa Nelson Mandela le Desmond Tutu, e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa Merusu ea Soweto ea 1976, moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Boroa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Libaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg le Roodeport.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo. Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka borwa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motsheanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka selemo sa 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg. [[Soweto]], toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. == Mehlodi == eix43dzbeicfol1qqm66ir5u3y4jigk 38366 38365 2026-05-12T07:50:22Z KeMang?? 6412 ke lokisa leqhepe 38366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|thumb|Motsemoholo wa Gauteng,Johannesburg.]] Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; [[Seqhosa|Sexhosa]]: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] [[Sezulu|Zulu]] [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa [[Afrika Borwa]]. Toropo ya Johannesburg ka boyona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo wa Motse-moholo wa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa dibaka tse 100 tse kgolo ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea [[Gauteng]], profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Borwa, le setulo sa lekgotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekgotla la Molao oa Motheo. E dutse hodima maralla a nang le diminerale a Witwatersrand, ke kgale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa kgwebo ya matjhaba ya diminerale le kgauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo wa moruo wa Afrika Borwa mme ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kgolo ka ho fetisisa ya kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Johannesburg]] Johannesburg e thehilwe ka selemo sa1886, kamora ho sibollwa ha kgauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ya eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetswa ke matlotlo a maholo a kgauta a fumanweng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ya sejwale-jwale ke kopanyo ya ditoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a kgethollo ya dibaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Litoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e kgethilweng e le toropo ya "batsho feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa libaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le khethollo, ho kenyeletsoa Nelson Mandela le Desmond Tutu, e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa [[Merusu ya Soweto ya 1976]], moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Boroa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Libaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg le Roodeport.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo. Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka borwa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motsheanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka selemo sa 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg. [[Soweto]], toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. == Mehlodi == gmgjnw3m8u96n6bxrzc008781iune4e 38367 38366 2026-05-12T07:51:07Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa diphoso 38367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|thumb|Motsemoholo wa Gauteng,Johannesburg.]] Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; [[Seqhosa|Sexhosa]]: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] [[Sezulu|Zulu]] [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa [[Afrika Borwa]]. Toropo ya Johannesburg ka boyona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo wa Motse-moholo wa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa dibaka tse 100 tse kgolo ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea [[Gauteng]], profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Borwa, le setulo sa lekgotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekgotla la Molao oa Motheo. E dutse hodima maralla a nang le diminerale a Witwatersrand, ke kgale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa kgwebo ya matjhaba ya diminerale le kgauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo wa moruo wa Afrika Borwa mme ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kgolo ka ho fetisisa ya kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Johannesburg]] Johannesburg e thehilwe ka selemo sa1886, kamora ho sibollwa ha kgauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ya eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetswa ke matlotlo a maholo a kgauta a fumanweng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ya sejwale-jwale ke kopanyo ya ditoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a kgethollo ya dibaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Ditoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e kgethilweng e le toropo ya "batsho feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa dibaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le kgethollo, ho kenyeletswa [[Nelson Mandela]] le [[Desmond Tutu]], e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa [[Merusu ya Soweto ya 1976]], moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Borwa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Dibaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", Randburg le Roodeport.<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo. Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka borwa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motsheanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka selemo sa 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg. [[Soweto]], toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. == Mehlodi == 0w45vvjd10l1qytxd65xqfliti6uykx 38368 38367 2026-05-12T07:51:35Z KeMang?? 6412 38368 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Johannesburg CBD.jpg|thumb|Motsemoholo wa Gauteng,Johannesburg.]] Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ joh-HAN-iss-burg, US also /-ˈhɑːn-/ -⁠HAHN-, Seafrikanse: [jʊəˈɦanəsbœrχ] ⓘ; [[Seqhosa|Sexhosa]]: Go [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐ] [ˈliɐ] [[Sezulu|Zulu]] [ɛˈɡɔːli]; Sexhosa: eGoli [ɛˈɡɔːɐɐli]; kaha Jozi, Joburg kapa "The City of Gold", ke toropo e nang le baahi ba bangata ka ho fetisisa [[Afrika Borwa]]. Toropo ya Johannesburg ka boyona e na le baahi ba 5,538,596, ha Motse-moholo wa Motse-moholo wa Johannesburg o na le baahi ba 6,599,190, <ref>https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/south-africa</ref> e leng se etsang hore e be se seng sa dibaka tse 100 tse kgolo ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng. Johannesburg ke motse-moholo oa profensi ea [[Gauteng]], profinse e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika Borwa, le setulo sa lekgotla le phahameng ka ho fetisisa la naha, Lekgotla la Molao oa Motheo. E dutse hodima maralla a nang le diminerale a Witwatersrand, ke kgale toropo e le sehlohlolong sa kgwebo ya matjhaba ya diminerale le kgauta. Toropo e ruileng ka ho fetisisa Afrika ka GDP le leruo la poraefete, Johannesburg e sebetsa joalo ka motse-moholo wa moruo wa Afrika Borwa mme ke lehae la phapanyetsano e kgolo ka ho fetisisa ya kontinente, Johannesburg Stock Exchange.<ref>https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/article/the-history-of-joburg-city-of-gold</ref> [[File:Montage Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Motse wa Johannesburg]] Johannesburg e thehilwe ka selemo sa1886, kamora ho sibollwa ha kgauta, sebakeng seo pele e neng e le masimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, palo ea batho e ile ya eketseha ho feta 100,000, e susumetswa ke matlotlo a maholo a kgauta a fumanweng haufi le Witwatersrand.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Johannesburg-South-Africa</ref>Johannesburg ya sejwale-jwale ke kopanyo ya ditoropo, makeisheneng le metsana eo pele e neng e arohane, e bonts'ang maano a kgethollo ya dibaka mehleng ea apartheid. Soweto ("Ditoropo tse ka Boroa-Bophirima"), e kgethilweng e le toropo ya "batsho feela" ho fihlela 1994, ke se seng sa dibaka tsa bohlokoa nalaneng ea Afrika Boroa ea sejoale-joale.<ref>https://iol.co.za/travel/south-africa/northern-cape/2012-07-02-a-jubilee-that-truly-sparkles/</ref> Lehae ho baetapele ba ka sehloohong ba khahlano le kgethollo, ho kenyeletswa [[Nelson Mandela]] le [[Desmond Tutu]], e ile ea e-ba sehlohlolo sa [[Merusu ya Soweto ya 1976]], moo boipelaetso ba khotso ba baithuti bo ileng ba kopana le matla a sehlōhō. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, Lenasia e na le baahi ba bangata ba buang Senyesemane Indo-South Africans (batho ba Maindia le Asia Borwa).<ref>https://sahistory.org.za/place/soweto-johannesburg</ref> Dibaka tseo pele e neng e le tsa "basoeu feela" li kenyelletsa Sandton, e tsejoang e le "Africa's richest square-mile", [[Randburg]] le [[Roodeport]].<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2019805/africa-richest-city-Johannesburg</ref> == Etymology == Khang e pota-potile tšimoloho ea lebitso lena. Ho ne ho e-na le batho ba bangata ba nang le lebitso "Johannes" ba neng ba ameha nalaneng ea pele ea toropo. Har’a bona ho ne ho e-na le tlelereke e ka sehloohong ea ofising ea mohlahlobi-kakaretso Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, eo e neng e le setho sa Volksraad ’me e ne e le mookameli oa merafo Rephaboliki. E mong e ne e le Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (ea tsejoang hamolemo e le Paul Kruger), mopresidente oa Rephabliki ea Afrika Boroa (ZAR) ho tloha ka 1883 ho ea ho 1900. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo, ke ntho e ’ngoe e ka etsahalang.<ref>https://joburg.org.za/play_/Pages/Play%20in%20Joburg/Culture%20and%20Heritage/Links/How-was-Johannesburg-named.aspx</ref> Lirekoto tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Johannes Rissik le Johannes Joubert e ne e le litho tsa moifo o rometsoeng Engelane ho ea fumana litokelo tsa ho rafa sebaka seo. Joubert o ne a e-na le serapa sa boikhathollo motseng se reheletsoeng ka eena, 'me Rissik o na le lebitso la hae bakeng sa e' ngoe ea literata tse kholo tsa toropo moo ho nang le bohlokoa historing, le hoja e senyehile, Rissik Street Post Office e teng. Holo ea Toropo e boetse e fumaneha Seterateng sa Rissik.<ref>https://mk.org.za/mkhist1.htm</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13041658</ref> == Nalane == === Lingoliloeng tsa mantlha: Nalane ea Johannesburg le Timeline ea Johannesburg === Sebaka se potolohileng Johannesburg qalong se ne se ahiloe ke litsomi tsa San tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tsa majoe. Ho na le bopaki ba hore ba ne ba lula moo ho fihlela lilemong tse makholo a leshome tse fetileng. Lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha libaka tsa Transvaal ea mehleng moo Johannesburg e leng teng. Bohareng ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sebaka se pharaletseng se ne se ahiloe haholo ke lichaba tse fapaneng tsa Sotho-Tswana (kala e le 'ngoe ea lipuo tsa Bantu), eo metse ea bona, litoropo, marena le mebuso e neng e tloha Bechuanaland Protectorate (eo hona joale e leng Botswana) ka bophirimela, ho fihlela kajeno Lesotho ka boroa, profinseng ea kajeno ea Pedi. Haholo-holo, lithako tse hahelletsoeng ka majoe tsa litoropo le metsana ea Sotho–Tswana li hasane ho potoloha likarolo tsa profinse ea mehleng ea Transvaal moo Johannesburg e leng teng.<ref name=":0" /> Metse le metsana e mengata ea Basotho-Tswana libakeng tse haufi le Johannesburg e ile ea timetsoa, ​​'me batho ba eona ba lelekoa nakong ea lintoa tse neng li tsoa Zululand qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo (lintoa tsa mfecane kapa difaqane), 'me ka lebaka leo, lehlomela la' muso oa MaZulu, MaNdebele (hangata a bitsoa 'muso oa MaSotho o bitsoang Matabele). ho ea ka leboea-bophirima ho Johannesburg ho potoloha Rustenburg ea kajeno. == Khauta le ho reha lebitso la motse == === Sehlooho se seholo: Witwatersrand Gold Rush === Polasi ya Langlaagte haufi le Paarlshoop, Witwatersrand - sebaka sa phumano ya pele ya kgauta ka 1886. Moepo oa khauta oa Ferreirasdorp ka 1886, e leng karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea Johannesburg le moo baepi ba pele ba khauta ba ileng ba lula teng.<ref>https://www.travelhouseuk.co.uk/news/travel-insight/johannesburg-the-city-built-on-gold.htm</ref> Lefika le leholo la khauta la Witwatersrand le ile la fumanoa ka Phuptjane 1884 polasing ea Vogelstruisfontein ke Jan Gerritse Bantjes, mora oa Jan Bantjes. Sena se ile sa qholotsa Witwatersrand Gold Rush le ho thehoa ha Johannesburg ka 1886. Ho sibolloa ha khauta ho ile ha hohela batho ka potlako sebakeng seo, ho etsa hore ho hlokahale lebitso le mokhatlo oa mmuso sebakeng seo.<ref>https://books.google.co.za/books?id=T3PUSDyy4vQC&pg=PA347&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Jan, Johan le Johannes e ne e le mabitso a banna a tlwaelehileng hara Madutch a mehleng eo; banna ba babeli ba amehang ho lekola sebaka seo ho fumana sebaka se setle ka ho fetisisa sa toropo, Christian Johannes Joubert le Johann Rissik, ba nkoa e le mohloli oa lebitso leo ke ba bang. Johannes Meyer, ofisiri ea pele ea ’muso sebakeng seo ke monyetla o mong. Litlaleho tse nepahetseng tsa khetho ea lebitso li ile tsa lahleha. Nakong ea lilemo tse leshome, toropo ea Johannesburg e ne e akarelletsa batho ba 100 000. Ka Loetse 1884, barab'abo rōna ba Struben ba ile ba sibolla Confidence Reef polasing ea Wilgespruit haufi le Roodepoort ea kajeno, e leng se ileng sa eketsa thabo ho feta tebello ea khauta. Litaba tsa tšibollo ena li ile tsa fihla kapele Kimberley ’me batsamaisi Cecil Rhodes le Sir Joseph Robinson ba ile ba palama ho ea batlisisa menyenyetsi eo ka bobona. Ba ile ba tataisoa ho ea kampong ea Bantjes e nang le litente tsa eona tse fanyehiloeng sebaka sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata 'me ba lula le Bantjes masiu a mabeli. Ka 1884, ba ile ba reka khauta ea pele e hloekileng e hloekisitsoeng ho Bantjes ka £3,000. Ho tloha ka 1881, Bantjes o ne a ntse a sebetsa Morafong oa Khauta oa Kromdraai Cradle of Humankind hammoho le molekane oa hae Johannes Stephanus Minnaar moo ba ileng ba qala ho sibolla khauta ka 1881, 'me e fane ka tšibollo ea mofuta o mong - baholo-holo ba pele ba moloko oohle oa batho. 1886. Ha aa ka a lula sebakeng seo.<ref>https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=719</ref> Ka la 3 Mphalane 1886 lebitso Johannesburg le ile la qala ho sebediswa. Mohlahlobi Jos de Villiers o ile a hlahloba tikoloho ea pele ea Johannesburg, Randjeslaagte, pakeng tsa 19 October le 3 November selemong seo. Khauta e ile ea sibolloa pejana lik'hilomithara tse 400 (249 miles) ka bochabela ho Johannesburg ea kajeno e Barberton. Haufinyane batho ba batlang khauta ba ile ba fumana mepopotlo ea khauta e nonneng ea Witwatersrand e fanoang ke Bantjes. Kampo ea pele ea basebetsi ba morafong, tlas'a boetapele bo sa reroang ba Col Ignatius Ferreira, e ne e le sebakeng sa Fordsburg dip, mohlomong hobane metsi a ne a le teng moo, le ka lebaka la hore sebaka seo se haufi le ba chekoang. Ka mora ho thehwa ha Johannesburg, sebaka seo se ile sa hapuwa ke mmuso wa Transvaal o ileng wa se hlahloba mme wa se reha Ferreira's Township, kajeno e leng toropo ya Ferreirasdorp. Sebaka sa pele sa bolulo sa Ferreira's Camp se ile sa thehoa e le kampo e nang le litente 'me kapele e ile ea fihla ho baahi ba 3,000 ka 1887. 'Muso o ile oa hapa kampo eo, ea e hlahloba 'me ea e reha Ferreira's Township. Ka 1896, Johannesburg e ile ea thehoa e le motse oa baahi ba fetang 100 000, e leng o mong oa metse e hōlang ka potlako e kileng ea e-ba teng. Karolo ea sehlopha sa linepe tsa pele tsa khoebo tsa Afrika Boroa, tse bonts'ang Johannesburg, tse nkiloeng ka balune ke sets'oants'o sa Switzerland le setsebi sa balulo Spelterini (1911). Ka morao mosebetsi oa ho epa khauta o ka bonoa. Meepo e haufi le Johannesburg e har'a tse tebileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me e meng e botebo ba limithara tse 4,000 (13,000 ft).<ref>https://defenceweb.co.za/?option=com_remository&Itemid=401&func=select&id=5</ref> == Khōlo e potlakileng, Jameson Raid le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu le Manyesemane == [[File:SA1899 pg038 Johannesburg in 1889.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg ka selemo sa 1899]] Joalo ka litoropo tse ngata tsa morao-rao tsa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, Johannesburg e ne e le sebaka se sehloho le se sa hlophisoang, se nang le basebetsi ba merafong ba makhooa ba tsoang lik'honthinenteng tsohle, banna ba merabe ea Maafrika ba ile ba thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi oa morafo o sa sebetseng, basali ba Maafrika ba noang biri ba ne ba phehela le ho rekisa biri ho basebetsi ba batsho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling, palo e kholo haholo ea matekatse a Europe, lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe, ma-Afrikaster le Mazulu. ka tsela e makatsang e ne e laola mosebetsi oa ho hlatsoetsa liaparo. Ha boleng ba taolo ea naha bo ntse bo eketseha, tsitsipano e ile ea hlaha lipakeng tsa 'muso oa Boer-o neng o busoa oa Transvaal Pretoria le Brithane, e ileng ea fella ka Tlhaselo ea Jameson e ileng ea fella ka fiasco Doornkop ka Pherekhong 1896. Ntoa ea Bobeli ea Maburu (1899-1902) e ile ea bona mabotho a Borithane tlasa Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts, 1st 030 toropo ea Roberts letoto la lintoa tse ka borwa-bophirima ho meeli ea eona ea nako eo, haufi le Krugersdorp ea kajeno. Ntoa e ile ea etsahala Gatsrand Pass (haufi le Zakariyya Park) ka la 27 Motsheanong, ka leboea ho Vanwyksrust-Nancefield ea kajeno, Eldorado Park le Naturena-letsatsing le hlahlamang, e ileng ea fella ka tlhaselo e khōlō ea masea sebakeng seo hona joale e leng sebaka sa metsi a Chiawelo le Senaoane ka 29 May] Park Park le Naturena Park le Naturena kajeno. [[File:Salmond(1896) pg103 Commissioner Street, Johannesburg.jpg|thumb|Commissioner Street ka selemo sa 1895]] Nakong ea ntoa ea Maburu, basebetsi ba bangata ba merafong ba Maafrika ba ile ba tloha Johannesburg ba baka khaello ea basebetsi, eo merafo e ileng ea e lokisa ka ho tlisa basebetsi ba tsoang Chaena, haholo-holo karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ntoa, ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke basebetsi ba batho ba batšo, empa Machaena a mangata a ile a sala, a theha sechaba sa Machaena sa Johannesburg, seo nakong ea apartheid, se neng se sa khethoe ka molao e le "Maasia", empa e le "Mabala". Palo ea batho ka 1904 e ne e le 155,642, bao ba 83,363 e neng e le makhooa. == Nalane ya ka mora Union == Ka selemo sa 1917, Johannesburg e ile ea e-ba ntlo-kholo ea Anglo-American Corporation e thehiloeng ke Ernest Oppenheimer eo qetellong e ileng ea fetoha e 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tse laolang merafo ea khauta le ea taemane Afrika Boroa. Lintlafatso tse kholo tsa meaho li etsahetse lilemong tsa bo-1930, kamora hore Afrika Boroa e tlohe maemong a khauta. Lilemong tsa bo-1950 le maqalong a lilemo tsa bo-1960, 'muso oa apartheid o ile oa haha ​​​​kopano e kholo ea makeisheneng a ileng a tsejoa e le Soweto. Litsela tse ncha li khothalelitse ho ata ho hoholo ha litoropo ka leboea ho toropo. [ho qotsa] Ho elella bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1960 le mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, litora tsa litora (ho kenyeletsoa Setsi sa Carlton le Southern Life Center) li ne li tletse sebaka sa leholimo sa setereke sa khoebo se bohareng. Tsamaiso ea apartheid, tsamaiso e felletseng ea karohano ea merabe e ile ea behoa Afrika Boroa ho qala ka 1948. Bakeng sa kholo ea eona, moruo oa Johannesburg o ne o itšetlehile ka makholo a likete a basebetsi ba makhooa ba nang le litsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling ba tsoang Europe le basebetsi ba batšo ba nang le tsebo e fokolang le ba se nang tsebo ba tsoang linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika Boroa. Leha ba ne ba sebetsa mmoho ba ile ba qobellwa ke mmuso ho dula ka thoko. Mosebetsi o ne o nkoa e le mokhelo ho apartheid e le ho boloka Johannesburg e sebetsa e le motse-moholo oa moruo oa Afrika Boroa. Lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'muso o ile oa qala leano la ho ahela malapa a batho ba batšo makeishene (pele ho sena basebetsi ba se nang litsebo ba ne ba kōptjoa ho sebetsa "boemong ba bosoha" lihosteleng tsa banna feela merafong mme ba tlameha ho tsamaea ho ea bona malapa a bona profinseng efe kapa efe eo ba tsoang ho eona) kantle ho Johannesburg ho fana ka basebetsi Johannesburg. [[Soweto]], toropo e theiloeng bakeng sa basebetsi ba batho ba batšo ba tlang ho sebetsa merafong ea khauta ea Johannesburg, e ne e reretsoe ho lula batho ba 50 000, empa kapele e ile ea e-ba lehae la palo e imenang ka makhetlo a leshome ha likete tsa batho ba batšo ba mahaeng ba sa sebetseng ba ne ba tla Johannesburg bakeng sa mosebetsi le chelete ea ho khutlisetsa metseng ea bona.Ho ile ha hakanngoa hore ka 1989, palo ea baahi ba Soweto e ne e lekana le ea Johannesburg, haeba e se kholoanyane. == Mehlodi == pw20828inj4an3b6blcxl0dvcoq4k48 0 10488 38369 2026-05-12T08:00:00Z KeMang?? 6412 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348254502|Desmond Tutu]]" 38369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika . Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tsoakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmaloa le eena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamisoa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ea Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ea Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi oa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla k'honthinenteng ea Afrika. Ha a khutlela Afrika e ka boroa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean oa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntan'o ba Mobishopo oa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongoli-kakaretso oa Lekhotla la Likereke la Afrika Boroa . O hlahile e le e mong oa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ea [[Kgethollo ya merabe|khethollo ea]] morabe ea Afrika Boroa le puso ea makhooa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle . Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ea e-ba Mobishopo oa Johannesburg 'me ka 1986 ea e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo oa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka boroa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Likereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babeli ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa lihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ea litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ea morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata. Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Boroa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa. Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o hōletse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. [ 3 ] Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . [ 4 ] Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, [ 5 ] ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ba lula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. [ 7 ] [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; [ 8 ] ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". [ 9 ] O ne a e-na le khaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang 'bophelo'). [ 10 ] E ne e le mora oa bobeli oa batsoali ba hae; mora oa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. [ 11 ] Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. [ 12 ] Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; [ 13 ] polio e ile ea mo otla ka letsoho le letona, [ 14 ] mme ka lekhetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. [ 15 ] Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. [ 16 ] Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. [ 17 ] Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ea Anglican . [ 18 ] Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. [ 15 ] Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, [ 9 ] a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], [ 19 ] mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. [ 20 ] O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. [ 21 ] Ha a le Tshing batswali ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. [ 9 ] Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . [ 22 ] Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . [ 23 ] Likhoeli tse 'maloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate oa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . [ 24 ] Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. [ 24 ] Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. [ 25 ] 8v0f337g37wvpvex1qmd6u0uth18vl5 38370 38369 2026-05-12T08:02:10Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke atolla leqhepe 38370 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|thumb|Desmond Tutu]] '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika . Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tsoakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmaloa le eena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamisoa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ea Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ea Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi oa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla k'honthinenteng ea Afrika. Ha a khutlela Afrika e ka boroa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean oa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntan'o ba Mobishopo oa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongoli-kakaretso oa Lekhotla la Likereke la Afrika Boroa . O hlahile e le e mong oa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ya [[Kgethollo ya merabe|khethollo ea]] morabe ea Afrika Boroa le puso ea makhooa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle . Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ea e-ba Mobishopo oa [[Johannesburg]] mme ka 1986 ya e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo oa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka boroa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Dikereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babedi ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa dihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ea litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ea morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata. Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Boroa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa. Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o hōletse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. [ 3 ] Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . [ 4 ] Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, [ 5 ] ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ba lula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. [ 7 ] [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; [ 8 ] ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". [ 9 ] O ne a e-na le khaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang 'bophelo'). [ 10 ] E ne e le mora oa bobeli oa batsoali ba hae; mora oa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. [ 11 ] Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. [ 12 ] Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; [ 13 ] polio e ile ea mo otla ka letsoho le letona, [ 14 ] mme ka lekhetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. [ 15 ] Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. [ 16 ] Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. [ 17 ] Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ea Anglican . [ 18 ] Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. [ 15 ] Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, [ 9 ] a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], [ 19 ] mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. [ 20 ] O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. [ 21 ] Ha a le Tshing batswali ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. [ 9 ] Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . [ 22 ] Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . [ 23 ] Likhoeli tse 'maloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate oa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . [ 24 ] Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. [ 24 ] Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. [ 25 ] kmabhm9mepvlij734sw3avtl2kh3mpg 38371 38370 2026-05-12T08:04:57Z KeMang?? 6412 ke kenya mehlodi 38371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|thumb|Desmond Tutu]] '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika .<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Desmond-Tutu</ref><ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/biographical/</ref> Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tsoakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmaloa le eena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamisoa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ea Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ea Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi oa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla k'honthinenteng ea Afrika. Ha a khutlela Afrika e ka boroa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean oa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntan'o ba Mobishopo oa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongoli-kakaretso oa Lekhotla la Likereke la Afrika Boroa . O hlahile e le e mong wa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ya [[Kgethollo ya merabe|khethollo ea]] morabe ya Afrika Borwa le puso ea makhooa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle .<ref>https://theelders.org/profile/desmond-tutu</ref> Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ya e-ba Mobishopo oa [[Johannesburg]] mme ka 1986 ya e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo oa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka boroa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Dikereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babedi ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa dihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ya litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata. Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa. Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o hōletse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, [ 5 ] ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ba lula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. [ 7 ] [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; [ 8 ] ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". [ 9 ] O ne a e-na le khaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang 'bophelo'). [ 10 ] E ne e le mora oa bobeli oa batsoali ba hae; mora oa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. [ 11 ] Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. [ 12 ] Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; [ 13 ] polio e ile ea mo otla ka letsoho le letona, [ 14 ] mme ka lekhetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. [ 15 ] Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. [ 16 ] Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. [ 17 ] Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ea Anglican . [ 18 ] Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. [ 15 ] Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, [ 9 ] a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], [ 19 ] mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. [ 20 ] O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. [ 21 ] Ha a le Tshing batswali ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. [ 9 ] Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . [ 22 ] Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . [ 23 ] Likhoeli tse 'maloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate oa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . [ 24 ] Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. [ 24 ] Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. [ 25 ] aqc522frnxvgxi7w9ee8e5rwrsnogd6 38372 38371 2026-05-12T08:06:24Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa diphoso 38372 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|thumb|Desmond Tutu]] '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika .<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Desmond-Tutu</ref><ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/biographical/</ref> Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tsoakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmaloa le eena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamisoa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ea Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ea Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi oa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla k'honthinenteng ea Afrika. Ha a khutlela Afrika e ka boroa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean oa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntan'o ba Mobishopo oa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongoli-kakaretso oa Lekhotla la Likereke la Afrika Boroa . O hlahile e le e mong wa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ya [[Kgethollo ya merabe|khethollo ea]] morabe ya Afrika Borwa le puso ea makhooa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle .<ref>https://theelders.org/profile/desmond-tutu</ref> Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ya e-ba Mobishopo oa [[Johannesburg]] mme ka 1986 ya e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo oa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka boroa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Dikereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babedi ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa dihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ya litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata.<ref>https://www.gov.za/DesmondTutu-biography</ref> Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/library/information-resources/special-collections/online-exhibitions/desmond-mpilo-tutu/01-desmond-tutu-early-life/</ref> Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o hōletse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . <ref>https://achievement.org/achiever/desmond-tutu/</ref> Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ba lula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. [ 7 ] [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; [ 8 ] ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". [ 9 ] O ne a e-na le khaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang 'bophelo'). [ 10 ] E ne e le mora oa bobeli oa batsoali ba hae; mora oa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. [ 11 ] Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. [ 12 ] Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; [ 13 ] polio e ile ea mo otla ka letsoho le letona, [ 14 ] mme ka lekhetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. [ 15 ] Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. [ 16 ] Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. [ 17 ] Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ea Anglican . [ 18 ] Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. [ 15 ] Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, [ 9 ] a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], [ 19 ] mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. [ 20 ] O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. [ 21 ] Ha a le Tshing batswali ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. [ 9 ] Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . [ 22 ] Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . [ 23 ] Likhoeli tse 'maloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate oa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . [ 24 ] Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. [ 24 ] Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. [ 25 ] 41kltz0ao0kz5zmfs8tussgggvavl3r 38373 38372 2026-05-12T08:09:08Z KeMang?? 6412 ke ya lokisa 38373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|thumb|Desmond Tutu]] '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika .<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Desmond-Tutu</ref><ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/biographical/</ref> Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tsoakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Boroa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmaloa le eena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamisoa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ea Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ea Botswana, Lesotho le Swaziland . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi oa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla k'honthinenteng ea Afrika. Ha a khutlela Afrika e ka boroa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean oa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntan'o ba Mobishopo oa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongoli-kakaretso oa Lekhotla la Likereke la Afrika Boroa . O hlahile e le e mong wa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ya [[Kgethollo ya merabe|khethollo ea]] morabe ya Afrika Borwa le puso ea makhooa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle .<ref>https://theelders.org/profile/desmond-tutu</ref> Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ya e-ba Mobishopo oa [[Johannesburg]] mme ka 1986 ya e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo oa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka boroa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Dikereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babedi ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa dihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ya litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata.<ref>https://www.gov.za/DesmondTutu-biography</ref> Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/library/information-resources/special-collections/online-exhibitions/desmond-mpilo-tutu/01-desmond-tutu-early-life/</ref> Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o hōletse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . <ref>https://achievement.org/achiever/desmond-tutu/</ref> Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ba lula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/26/world/africa/desmond-tutu-dead.html</ref> [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". O ne a e-na le khaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang 'bophelo'). E ne e le mora oa bobeli oa batsoali ba hae; mora oa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; polio e ile ea mo otla ka letsoho le letona, ]mme ka lekhetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ya Anglican . Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. Ha a le Tshing batswadi ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . Dikgwedi tse mmaloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate wa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . [ 24 ] Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. [ 24 ] Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. == Mehlodi == oa4t9ancfuxrnqqx5yfzdvc2mlg01y0 38374 38373 2026-05-12T08:10:30Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa diphoso 38374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|thumb|Desmond Tutu]] '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika .<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Desmond-Tutu</ref><ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/biographical/</ref> Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tswakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmaloa le eena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamisoa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ea Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ya Botswana, [[Lesotho]] le [[Swaziland]] . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi oa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla Kontinenteng ya Afrika. Ha a khutlela Afrika e ka boroa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean oa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntan'o ba Mobishopo oa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongoli-kakaretso oa Lekhotla la Likereke la Afrika Boroa . O hlahile e le e mong wa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ya [[Kgethollo ya merabe|khethollo ea]] morabe ya Afrika Borwa le puso ea makhooa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle .<ref>https://theelders.org/profile/desmond-tutu</ref> Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ya e-ba Mobishopo oa [[Johannesburg]] mme ka 1986 ya e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka boroa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Dikereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babedi ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa dihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ya litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata.<ref>https://www.gov.za/DesmondTutu-biography</ref> Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/library/information-resources/special-collections/online-exhibitions/desmond-mpilo-tutu/01-desmond-tutu-early-life/</ref> Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o hōletse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . <ref>https://achievement.org/achiever/desmond-tutu/</ref> Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ba lula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/26/world/africa/desmond-tutu-dead.html</ref> [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". O ne a e-na le khaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang 'bophelo'). E ne e le mora oa bobeli oa batsoali ba hae; mora oa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; polio e ile ea mo otla ka letsoho le letona, ]mme ka lekhetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ya Anglican . Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. Ha a le Tshing batswadi ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . Dikgwedi tse mmaloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate wa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . [ 24 ] Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. [ 24 ] Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. == Mehlodi == ix0kc69nhowyn94jj2hdkkx5wz1zuiw 38375 38374 2026-05-12T08:11:28Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa lepheqhe 38375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|thumb|Desmond Tutu]] '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika .<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Desmond-Tutu</ref><ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/biographical/</ref> Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tswakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmaloa le yena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamisoa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ea Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ya Botswana, [[Lesotho]] le [[Swaziland]] . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi oa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla Kontinenteng ya Afrika. Ha a kgutlela Afrika e ka borwa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean wa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntan'o ba Mobishopo wa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongodi-kakaretso wa Lekgotla la Dikereke la Afrika Boroa . O hlahile e le e mong wa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ya [[Kgethollo ya merabe|khethollo ea]] morabe ya Afrika Borwa le puso ya makgowa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle .<ref>https://theelders.org/profile/desmond-tutu</ref> Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ya e-ba Mobishopo oa [[Johannesburg]] mme ka 1986 ya e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka borwa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Dikereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babedi ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa dihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ya litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata.<ref>https://www.gov.za/DesmondTutu-biography</ref> Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/library/information-resources/special-collections/online-exhibitions/desmond-mpilo-tutu/01-desmond-tutu-early-life/</ref> Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o hōletse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . <ref>https://achievement.org/achiever/desmond-tutu/</ref> Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1950, ba lula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/26/world/africa/desmond-tutu-dead.html</ref> [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". O ne a e-na le khaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang 'bophelo'). E ne e le mora oa bobeli oa batsoali ba hae; mora oa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; polio e ile ea mo otla ka letsoho le letona, ]mme ka lekhetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ya Anglican . Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. Ha a le Tshing batswadi ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . Dikgwedi tse mmaloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate wa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . [ 24 ] Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. [ 24 ] Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. == Mehlodi == 3zs50kkw5dz8yijb8rt93239uzkbkf3 38376 38375 2026-05-12T08:13:26Z KeMang?? 6412 Ke lokisa diphoso 38376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg|thumb|Desmond Tutu]] '''Desmond Mpilo Tutu''' (7 Mphalane 1931  26 Tshitwe 2021) e ne e le mobishopo le moruti wa thuto ya bolumedi wa Afrika Borwa wa Anglican, ya tsebahalang ka mosebetsi wa hae e le molwanedi wa kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe le ditokelo tsa botho . E ne e le Mobishopo wa Johannesburg ho tloha ka selemo sa 1985 ho isa ho 1986 mme yaba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town ho tloha ka 1986 ho isa ho 1996, maemong ana ka bobedi e le Moafrika wa pele wa Motho e Motsho ho tshwara boemo bona. Ka thuto ya bodumedi, o ne a batla ho kopanya mehopolo e tswang thutong ya bodumedi ya Batho ba Batsho le thuto ya bodumedi ya Afrika .<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Desmond-Tutu</ref><ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1984/tutu/biographical/</ref> Tutu o hlahile ka setso se tswakaneng sa Maxhosa le Matswana lelapeng le futsanehileng Klerksdorp, [[Matjhaba a Afrika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]] . Ha a kena bonneng, o ile a kwetliswa e le mosuwe mme a nyala Nomalizo Leah Tutu, eo a ileng a ba le bana ba mmalwa le yena. Ka 1960, o ile a hlomamiswa e le moprista wa Anglican mme ka 1962 a fallela United Kingdom ho ya ithuta thuto ea bodumeli King's College London . Ka 1966 o ile a kgutlela Afrika e ka boroa, a ruta Seminaring ya Federal Theological mme a ntano ya Univesithing ya Botswana, [[Lesotho]] le [[Swaziland]] . Ka 1972, e ile ea e-ba motsamaisi wa Theological Education Fund bakeng sa Afrika, boemo bo thehiloeng London empa bo hloka maeto a kamehla Kontinenteng ya Afrika. Ha a kgutlela Afrika e ka borwa ka 1975, o ile a qala ka ho sebeletsa e le dean wa St Mary's Cathedral e Johannesburg mme a ntano ba Mobishopo wa Lesotho ; ho tloha ka 1978 ho isa ho 1985 e ne e le mongodi-kakaretso wa Lekgotla la Dikereke la Afrika Borwa . O hlahile e le e mong wa bahanyetsi ba hlahelletseng ba tsamaiso ya [[Kgethollo ya merabe|kgethollo ya]] morabe ya Afrika Borwa le puso ya makgowa a manyenyane . Leha a ne a lemosa mmuso wa [[Mokga wa dipolotiki (Aforika Borwa)|National Party]] hore kgalefo kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe e tla lebisa pefong ya morabe, jwalo ka molwanedi wa ntwa, o ile a hatisa boipelaetso bo se nang dikgoka le kgatello ya moruo wa dinaha tse ding ho tlisa tokelo ya ho kgetha bohle .<ref>https://theelders.org/profile/desmond-tutu</ref> Ka 1985, Tutu e ile ya e-ba Mobishopo oa [[Johannesburg]] mme ka 1986 ya e-ba Mobishopo e Moholo wa Cape Town, boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa sehlopheng sa Anglican sa Afrika e ka borwa. Boemong bona, o ile a hatisa mohlala oa boetapele o hahang tumellano mme a okamela ho hlahisoa ha baprista ba basali . Hape ka 1986, e ile ea e-ba mopresidente oa Seboka sa Dikereke sa Afrika Tsohle, e leng se ileng sa fella ka maeto a mang k'honthinenteng. Kamora hore Mopresidente FW de Klerk a lokolle mohanyetsi wa kyethollo ya morabe [[Nelson Mandela]] teronkong ka 1990 'me ba babedi ba etelle pele dipuisano tsa ho felisa kgethollo ya morabe le ho hlahisa demokrasi ea merabe e mengata, Tutu o ile a thusa e le mokena-dipakeng pakeng tsa dihlopha tse hlōdisanang tsa batho ba batsho. Kamora hore likhetho tse akaretsang tsa 1994 di felle ka mmuso wa kopanelo o etelletsweng pele ke Mandela, oa morao o ile a khetha Tutu ho ba modulasetulo oa Komisi ya Nnete le Poelano ho batlisisa tlhekefetso ya litokelo tsa botho e fetileng e entsweng ke lihlopha tse tšehetsang le tse khahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe. Kamora ho wa ha kgethollo ya morabe, Tutu o ile a etsa letsholo la ditokelo tsa basodoma mme a bua ka ditaba tse fapaneng, hara tsona ho kenyeletswa le ho nyatsa ha hae bapresidente ba Afrika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]] le [[Jacob Zuma]], kganyetso ya hae Ntweng ya Iraq, le ho hlalosa tsela eo Iseraele e tshwarang Mapalestina ka yona e le kgethollo ya morabe . Ka 2010, o ile a tlohela mosebetsi wa setjhaba, empa a tswela pele ho bua ka dihlooho le diketsahalo tse ngata.<ref>https://www.gov.za/DesmondTutu-biography</ref> Ha Tutu a ntse a hlahella haholo dilemong tsa bo-1970, dihlopha tse fapaneng tsa moruo le tsa setjhaba le dihlopha tsa dipolotiki di ne di e-na le maikutlo a fapaneng ka eena, ho tloha ho ya nyatsang ho ea ho ea mo hlomphang. O ne a tumme har'a bongata ba batho ba batsho ba Afrika Borwa mme o ile a rorisoa matjhabeng ka mosebetsi wa hae o kenyeletsang boipelaetso kgahlanong le kgethollo ya morabe, oo ka oona a ileng a hapa Kgau ya Khotso ya Nobel le dikhau tse ding tsa machaba. O ile a boela a bokella dibuka tse mmalwa tsa dipuo tsa hae le dithuto. == Bophelo ba bonyaneng == === Bongwaneng: 1931–1950 === Desmond Mpilo Tutu o hlahile ka la 7 Mphalane 1931 Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Afrika Borwa.<ref>https://www.uj.ac.za/library/information-resources/special-collections/online-exhibitions/desmond-mpilo-tutu/01-desmond-tutu-early-life/</ref> Mmae, Aletta Dorothea Mavoertsek Mathlare, o hlahetse lelapeng la Motswana Boksburg . Ntatae, Zachariah Zelilo Tutu, o ne a tsoa lekaleng la amaFengu la Sexhosa mme o holetse [[Butterworth, Kapa Botjhabela|Gcuwa]], Kapa Botjhabela. Ha ba le hae, banyalani bana ba ne ba bua [[Seqhosa|puo ya Sexhosa]] . <ref>https://achievement.org/achiever/desmond-tutu/</ref> Kaha ba nyalane Boksburg, ba ile ba fallela Klerksdorp bofelong ba dilemo tsa bo-1950, ba dula "sebakeng sa matswallwa" sa toropo, kapa sebaka sa bolulo sa batho ba batsho, ho tloha ha se rehoa lebitso la Makoeteng. Zachariah o ne a sebetsa e le hlooho ea sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist mme lelapa le ne le lula ntlong ya mosuwe wa sekolo ya entsweng ka setene sa seretse jareteng ea mision ya Methodist. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/26/world/africa/desmond-tutu-dead.html</ref> [[File:ChurchofChristtheKing.jpg|alt=Church of Christ the King|left|thumb|Kereke ya Kreste Morena Sophiatown, moo Tutu e neng e le mosebeletsi tlasa moprista Trevor Huddleston]] Ba-Tutu ba ne ba futsanehile; ha a hlalosa lelapa la hae, Tutu hamorao o ile a pheta hore "le hoja re ne re se barui, le rona re ne re se bahloki". O ne a e-na le kgaitseli e moholo, Sylvia Funeka, ea neng a mo bitsa "Mpilo" (e bolelang bophelo'). E ne e le mora oa bobedi wa batswadi ba hae; mora wa bona oa letsibolo, Sipho, o ne a hlokahetse a sa le lesea. Moradi e mong, Gloria Lindiwe, o hlahile ka mora hae. Tutu o ne a kula haholo ho tloha tswalong; polio e ile ya mo otla ka letsoho le letona, mme ka lekgetlo le leng a kena sepetlele ka lebaka la ho chesoa ho hoholo. Tutu o ne a e-na le kamano e haufi le ntate oa hae, leha a ne a halefile ke ho nwa haholo le pefo ya mosadiwaa hae. Qalong lelapa e ne e le Mamethodistem'me Tutu o ile a kolobetswa Kerekeng ea Methodist ka Phuptjane 1932. Hamorao ba ile ba fetola malumeli, pele ho ea Kerekeng ea Episcopal ea Methodist ea Afrika mme hamorao ho ea Kerekeng ya Anglican . Ka 1936, lelapa le ile la fallela Tshing, moo Zachariah e ileng ea e-ba hlooho ya sekolo sa Methodist. Ha a le moo, Tutu o ile a qala thuto ea hae ya mathomo, a ithuta [[Seburu|Seafrikanse]], mme ya e-ba mosebeletsi Kerekeng ea Anglican ea St Francis. O ile a qala ho rata ho bala, haholo-holo a thabela dibuka tsa metlae le lipale tsa ditshomo mo tsa Europe. Ha a le Tshing batswadi ba hae ba ile ba ba le mora oa boraro, Tamsanqa, eo le yena a hlokahetseng e sa le lesea. Hoo e ka bang ka 1941, mma Tutu o ile a fallela Witwatersrand ho ya sebetsa e le moapehi Ezenzeleni Blind Institute e Johannesburg. Tutu o ile a ikopanya le eena motseng, a dula Roodepoort West . Ha a le Johannesburg, o ile a kena sekolo sa mathomo sa Methodist pele a fallela Sekolong sa Bolulo sa Swedish (SBS) ho St Agnes Mission . Dikgwedi tse mmaloa hamorao, o ile a fallela le ntate wa hae Ermelo, [[Mpumalanga|ka bochabela ho Transvaal]] . Kamora dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, ba babedi ba ile ba kgutlela Roodepoort West, moo Tutu a ileng a tswela pele dithuto tsa hae ho SBS. Ha a le dilemo di 12, o ile a tiisetswa Kerekeng ya St Mary, Roodepoort. == Mehlodi == 4ogcgei6tu368pkm9quvkulma4tq9rp 0 10489 38380 2026-05-12T10:10:15Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 Leqhepe le letjha ka Koyo Bala 38380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koyo Bala''' (1979 – 7 Hlakubele 2016) e ne e le sebini sa Afrika Borwa, morabe wa setjhaba, le molwanedi wa maemo a [[LGBTQIA+]]. O ile a tuma e le setho sa sehlopha sa boraro sa Afro-pop '''3Sum''', e leng sehlopha sa pele sa mmino se tsebahalang [[Afrika Borwa]] se neng se na le banna ba bang ba pepeneneng. Bala o ne a ketekwa ka botho ba hae bo makatsang le sebete sa hae sa ho tsamaisa bophelo phatlalatsa e le monna wa motho e Motsho ya nang le lefu la HIV le mofetshe.<ref name="Mamba_Death">"Groundbreaking gay group singer Koyo Bala passes away," MambaOnline, 7 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2016/03/07/groundbreaking-gay-group-singer-koyo-bala-passes-away/</ref> == Bophelo ba pele == Bala o hlahetse lekeisheneng la [[Gugulethu]], kantle ho Motse Kapa. O holetse lelapeng le momahaneng mme hangata o ne a bolela mme wa hae e le pululelo ea hae e ka sehloohong. Ka mora ho qeta sekolo, o ile a fallela Johannesburg ho ea phehella mosebetsi wa boipheliso indastering ea boithabiso, a susumetsoa ke takatso ya ho kena ka hara metjha ya ditaba le mmino wa toropo.<ref name="SANews">"Minister pays tribute to Koyo Bala," SAnews.gov.za, 10 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/minister-pays-tribute-koyo-bala</ref> == Mosebetsi le 3Sum == Ka 2002, Bala o ile a theha sehlopha sa ''3Sum''' le metswalle ea hae e haufi Jeff Moyo le Amstel Maboe. Boraro bo ile ba fetoha ketsahalo ya setso Afrika Borwa, eseng feela bakeng sa modumo wa "bubblegum pop" empa bakeng sa ponahalo ya bona e neng e sa lebelelwa nakong eo boemedi ba makgaolakgatha hara setjhaba sa Batho ba Batsho bo neng bo fokola.<ref name="Jozi_Gist">"Koyo Bala has died," Jozi Gist, 7 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.jozigist.co.za/koyo-bala-died/</ref> Album e atlehileng ka ho fetisisa ya sehlopha, ''Dirurubele'', e ile ya lokollwa ka selemo sa 2005 mme ya hlahisa dipina tse monate tse kang "Leru," "Amandla," le "Chomi."<ref name="Apple_Music">"3Sum - Dirurubele," Apple Music, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://music.apple.com/za/album/dirurubele/1680212080</ref> 3Sum e ne e atisa ho bonwa meketeng ya maemo a hodimo a setjhaba, e ileng ya etsa hore ba tuma e le "lelapa la pele la SA gay pop." Ka mora lefu la Jeff Moyo ka 2010, sehlopha se ile sa tswela pele e le batho ba babedi, mme Bala le Maboa ba ntse ba le dipapaling tsa setjhaba le tsa feshene motseng wa [[Johannesburg]]. == Bobuelli le Bophelo bo Botle == Bala e ne e le motho ya entseng phetoho ntweng kgahlanong le sekgobo sa lefu la [[HIV/AIDS]]. Ka selemo sa 2011, o ile a senola boemo ba hae ba HIV phatlalatsa, mohato o ileng a roriswa ke baitseki ba bophelo bo botle empa hamorao Bala o ile a lumela hore "o mo jetse ditshenyehelo" le ditumello ka lebaka la leeme le sa feleng.<ref name="Instablog">"HIV positive South African gay singer, dies of anal cancer," Instablog9ja, 8 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://instablog9ja.com/2016/03/08/hiv-positive-south-african-gay-singer-dies-of-anal-cancer/</ref> Ka selemo sa 2013, Bala o ile a fumanwa a e-na le mofetshe wa mokokotlo. O ngotse ntwa ya hae ya dilemo tse tharo le lefu lena metjheng ya ditaba tsa setjhaba, a sebedisa di-platform tse kang Instagram ho arolelana dinnete tsa radiation le chemotherapy. Polelo ya hae ya pepenene mabapi le bophelo ba hae e ne e reretswe ho khothaletsa banna ba bang, haholo-holo ba motseng oa bohloka, ho ea hlahlojoa kgafetsa. Ho e nngwe ya ditaba tsa hae tsa ho qetela tsa ditaba tsa setjhaba ka Hlakola selemong sa 2016, o ngotse: "Ke rapela Modimo letsatsi le leng le le leng hore a nthuse ho fetisa mofetshe ona ..."<ref name="Vanguard">"South African gay singer dies of anal cancer," Vanguard News, 9 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/03/south-african-gay-singer-dies-of-anal-cancer/</ref> == Lefu le Dihopotso == Koyo Bala o hlokahetse Sepetleleng sa Groote Schuur, [[Motse Kapa]] ka la 7 Hlakubele 2016, a pota-potilwe ke Dikgaitseli tsa hae tse tharo.<ref name="Mamba_Memorial">"Arts minister pays tribute to Koyo Bala ahead of memorials," MambaOnline, 14 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2016/03/14/arts-minister-pays-tribute-koyo-bala-ahead-memorials/</ref><ref name="SANews" /> <ref name="Jozi_Gist_Memorial">"Julius Malema, Kelly Khumalo and Somizi honours Koyo Bala at memorial service," Jozi Gist, 16 March 2016.</ref> Lefu la hae le ile la baka sello haholo ha mesarelo ho tswa mekgeng ya dipolotiki le ya setso: * '''Tlhahiso ya Lipolotiki:''' Letona la Bonono le Setso [[Nathi Mthethwa]] o rorisitse Bala e le "letlotlo" le thusitseng "ho roba mekwallo" bakeng sa meloko e tlang ya baetsi ba litšoantšo ba LGBTQIA+. * '''Ditshebeletso tsa Sehopotso:''' Sehopotso se seholo se ile sa tshwarelwa Bassline Newtown, Johannesburg, se kenetswe ke batho ba kang [[Julius Malema]], [[Somizi Mhlongo]], le [[Kelly Khumalo]]. Malema o ile a thoholetsa Bala ka ho phela bophelo ba hae ntle le dihlong ho sa tsotellehe kahlolo eo a neng a tobane le yona. == Mehlodi == {{Reflist}} m5skc8cr8blc7hp49rq1od0fkoh0wsn 38381 38380 2026-05-12T10:11:14Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 /* Lefu le Dihopotso */ 38381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koyo Bala''' (1979 – 7 Hlakubele 2016) e ne e le sebini sa Afrika Borwa, morabe wa setjhaba, le molwanedi wa maemo a [[LGBTQIA+]]. O ile a tuma e le setho sa sehlopha sa boraro sa Afro-pop '''3Sum''', e leng sehlopha sa pele sa mmino se tsebahalang [[Afrika Borwa]] se neng se na le banna ba bang ba pepeneneng. Bala o ne a ketekwa ka botho ba hae bo makatsang le sebete sa hae sa ho tsamaisa bophelo phatlalatsa e le monna wa motho e Motsho ya nang le lefu la HIV le mofetshe.<ref name="Mamba_Death">"Groundbreaking gay group singer Koyo Bala passes away," MambaOnline, 7 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2016/03/07/groundbreaking-gay-group-singer-koyo-bala-passes-away/</ref> == Bophelo ba pele == Bala o hlahetse lekeisheneng la [[Gugulethu]], kantle ho Motse Kapa. O holetse lelapeng le momahaneng mme hangata o ne a bolela mme wa hae e le pululelo ea hae e ka sehloohong. Ka mora ho qeta sekolo, o ile a fallela Johannesburg ho ea phehella mosebetsi wa boipheliso indastering ea boithabiso, a susumetsoa ke takatso ya ho kena ka hara metjha ya ditaba le mmino wa toropo.<ref name="SANews">"Minister pays tribute to Koyo Bala," SAnews.gov.za, 10 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/minister-pays-tribute-koyo-bala</ref> == Mosebetsi le 3Sum == Ka 2002, Bala o ile a theha sehlopha sa ''3Sum''' le metswalle ea hae e haufi Jeff Moyo le Amstel Maboe. Boraro bo ile ba fetoha ketsahalo ya setso Afrika Borwa, eseng feela bakeng sa modumo wa "bubblegum pop" empa bakeng sa ponahalo ya bona e neng e sa lebelelwa nakong eo boemedi ba makgaolakgatha hara setjhaba sa Batho ba Batsho bo neng bo fokola.<ref name="Jozi_Gist">"Koyo Bala has died," Jozi Gist, 7 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.jozigist.co.za/koyo-bala-died/</ref> Album e atlehileng ka ho fetisisa ya sehlopha, ''Dirurubele'', e ile ya lokollwa ka selemo sa 2005 mme ya hlahisa dipina tse monate tse kang "Leru," "Amandla," le "Chomi."<ref name="Apple_Music">"3Sum - Dirurubele," Apple Music, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://music.apple.com/za/album/dirurubele/1680212080</ref> 3Sum e ne e atisa ho bonwa meketeng ya maemo a hodimo a setjhaba, e ileng ya etsa hore ba tuma e le "lelapa la pele la SA gay pop." Ka mora lefu la Jeff Moyo ka 2010, sehlopha se ile sa tswela pele e le batho ba babedi, mme Bala le Maboa ba ntse ba le dipapaling tsa setjhaba le tsa feshene motseng wa [[Johannesburg]]. == Bobuelli le Bophelo bo Botle == Bala e ne e le motho ya entseng phetoho ntweng kgahlanong le sekgobo sa lefu la [[HIV/AIDS]]. Ka selemo sa 2011, o ile a senola boemo ba hae ba HIV phatlalatsa, mohato o ileng a roriswa ke baitseki ba bophelo bo botle empa hamorao Bala o ile a lumela hore "o mo jetse ditshenyehelo" le ditumello ka lebaka la leeme le sa feleng.<ref name="Instablog">"HIV positive South African gay singer, dies of anal cancer," Instablog9ja, 8 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://instablog9ja.com/2016/03/08/hiv-positive-south-african-gay-singer-dies-of-anal-cancer/</ref> Ka selemo sa 2013, Bala o ile a fumanwa a e-na le mofetshe wa mokokotlo. O ngotse ntwa ya hae ya dilemo tse tharo le lefu lena metjheng ya ditaba tsa setjhaba, a sebedisa di-platform tse kang Instagram ho arolelana dinnete tsa radiation le chemotherapy. Polelo ya hae ya pepenene mabapi le bophelo ba hae e ne e reretswe ho khothaletsa banna ba bang, haholo-holo ba motseng oa bohloka, ho ea hlahlojoa kgafetsa. Ho e nngwe ya ditaba tsa hae tsa ho qetela tsa ditaba tsa setjhaba ka Hlakola selemong sa 2016, o ngotse: "Ke rapela Modimo letsatsi le leng le le leng hore a nthuse ho fetisa mofetshe ona ..."<ref name="Vanguard">"South African gay singer dies of anal cancer," Vanguard News, 9 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/03/south-african-gay-singer-dies-of-anal-cancer/</ref> == Lefu le Dihopotso == Koyo Bala o hlokahetse Sepetleleng sa Groote Schuur, [[Motse Kapa]] ka la 7 Hlakubele 2016, a pota-potilwe ke Dikgaitseli tsa hae tse tharo.<ref name="Mamba_Memorial">"Arts minister pays tribute to Koyo Bala ahead of memorials," MambaOnline, 14 March 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2016/03/14/arts-minister-pays-tribute-koyo-bala-ahead-memorials/</ref><ref name="SANews" /><ref name="Jozi_Gist_Memorial">"Julius Malema, Kelly Khumalo and Somizi honours Koyo Bala at memorial service," Jozi Gist, 16 March 2016.</ref> Lefu la hae le ile la baka sello haholo ha mesarelo ho tswa mekgeng ya dipolotiki le ya setso: * '''Tlhahiso ya Lipolotiki:''' Letona la Bonono le Setso [[Nathi Mthethwa]] o rorisitse Bala e le "letlotlo" le thusitseng "ho roba mekwallo" bakeng sa meloko e tlang ya baetsi ba ditshwantsho ba LGBTQIA+. * '''Ditshebeletso tsa Sehopotso:''' Sehopotso se seholo se ile sa tshwarelwa Bassline Newtown, Johannesburg, se kenetswe ke batho ba kang [[Julius Malema]], [[Somizi Mhlongo]], le [[Kelly Khumalo]]. Malema o ile a thoholetsa Bala ka ho phela bophelo ba hae ntle le dihlong ho sa tsotellehe kahlolo eo a neng a tobane le yona. == Mehlodi == {{Reflist}} a4jhkv1zvue6t4381py6y20f43cr2c8 0 10490 38382 2026-05-12T10:42:47Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 Leqephe le letjha Lehlogonolo Machaba 38382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Motho||lebitso=Lehlogonolo Machaba |setshwantsho=|tsebiso=|mosebetsi=Mmabotle|naha=[[Aforika Borwa]]|letsatsi la tswalo= 08 Tshitwe 1996|sebaka sa tswalo=[[Letlhabile]]}} '''Lehlogonolo Machaba''' (ya hlahileng ka la 8 Tshitwe 1996) ke moetsi wa feshene wa [[Afrika Borwa]], mmakgwebo le moitseki. O ile a hapa tlhokomelo e kgolo ya boraditaba ka selemo sa 2021 e le mosadi wa pele wa pele ya pepeneneng wa transgender ho qothisana lehlokwa ho [[Miss South Africa]], a fihla ho boemo ba mashome a mararo.<ref name="SABC_News">"Lehlogonolo Machaba becomes first trans woman to make Miss SA top 30," SABC News, 7 July 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/first-trans-woman-to-enter-miss-sa-lehlogonolo-machaba-makes-top-30/</ref><ref name="LABlade">"Trans woman Lehlogonolo Machaba makes it to top 30 Miss SA," Los Angeles Blade, 9 July 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.losangelesblade.com/2021/07/09/trans-woman-lehlogonolo-machaba-makes-it-to-top-30-miss-sa/</ref> == Bophelo ba pele le thuto == Machaba o hlahetse le ho holela Oskraal, seterekeng sa mahaeng sa Letlhabile, [[North West (profinse ya Afrika Borwa)|Leboya Bophirima]].<ref name="MissSA_Bio">"Lehlogonolo Machaba Region: Oskraal, Letlhabile in the North West," Miss South Africa, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.misssa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Lehlogonolo-Machaba-NORTH-WEST.pdf</ref> O boletse hore ho holela metseng ya mahaeng ho ne ho mo sitisa monyetla wa ho fumana ditaba tse amanang le ditaba tsa bong. Qalong o ile a iponahatsa e le mosodoma pele a elellwa boitsebahatso ba hae e le mosadi ya iphetotseng bong, a bua ka ponahalo ea batho ba matjhabeng jwalo ka Kataluna Enriquez e le phetoho e kgolo ya kutlwisiso ya hae. <ref name="Drum_Weekly">"Miss SA Top 30 contestant Lehlogonolo Machaba on how a beauty queen helped her discover that she is trans," Drum Weekly via Iono.fm, 9 July 2021. [Online]. Available: https://iono.fm/e/1070773</ref> O kene sekolo [[Tshwane University of Technology]] (TUT), moo a qetileng lengolo la diploma la theknoloji ya moralo wa feshene.<ref name="Face2Face">"Meet the first openly transgender woman to compete in Miss South Africa," Face2Face Africa, 13 July 2021. [Online]. Available: https://face2faceafrica.com/article/meet-the-first-openly-transgender-woman-to-compete-in-miss-south-africa</ref> == Mosebetsi == Machaba ke setsebi sa lifeshene mme o sebetsa e le modlele wa dibuka tsa Invade Models. Jwaloka mmakgwebo, o thehile mofuta wa feshene wa DeMollies, o shebaneng le moralo wa diaparo le kaho.<ref name="F2F_Bio">"Meet the first openly transgender woman to compete in Miss South Africa," Face2Face Africa, 13 July 2021. [Online]. Available: https://face2faceafrica.com/article/meet-the-first-openly-transgender-woman-to-compete-in-miss-south-africa</ref> Leeto la hae la botsebi indastering ya feshene le kenyelelitse mathata a amanang le boitsebiso ba hae ba bong, ho kenyeletswa ketsahalo e hlokomelehang moo ho se dumellane ha ditokomane tsa molao ho ileng ha ama bokgoni ba hae ba ho etsa mohlala dinaheng tse ding.<ref name="MissSA_Bio" /> == Mofumahadi wa Afrika Borwa 2021 == Ka selemo sa 2021, Machaba e ile ya e-ba motho wa pele ya pepeneneng wa transgender ho fihlella ho boemo ba Top 30 ba tlhōdisano ya Miss South Africa.<ref name="SABC_News" /> Ho nka karolo ha hae ho latetse phetoho ya leano la 2019 ke Mokgatlo wa Miss South Africa o ileng wa bula semmuso tlhodisano ya basadi ba iphetotseng bong. Ho kenyeletswa ha hae ho ile ha roriswa haholo ke mekhatlo ya ditokelo tsa botho e le mohato oa bohlokwa bakeng sa [[LGBTQIA+]] ponahalo metjheng ya ditaba e tlwaelehileng ya Afrika Borwa.<ref name="Iranti">"A NEW DAWN FOR THE MISS SOUTH AFRICA BEAUTY PAGEANT," Iranti, 9 July 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.iranti.org.za/a-new-dawn-for-the-miss-south-africa-beauty-pageant/</ref> Le hoja a sa ka a tswela pele ho ya ho Top 10, ho kenya letsoho ha hae e ntse e le histori ya pele bakeng sa tlhodisano. <ref name="Flux_Trends">"Neopronouns," Flux Trends, 23 August 2021. [Online]. Available: https://fluxtrends.com/neopronouns/</ref> == Bobuelli == Machaba ke moitseki wa setjhaba sa boshodu, ka ho kgetheha a buella polokeho ya basadi ba iphetotseng bong le ba qheletsweng ka thoko. Boikemisetso ba hae bo ile ba tota ka mora polao ya motswalle wa hae Sam Mbatha ka selemo sa 2021, e ileng ya tlalehwa e le tlolo ya molao ya lehloyo la batho ba ratanang le batho ba bong bo tshwanang.<ref name="Iranti" /><ref name="F2F_Bio" /> o sebelisitse sethala sa hae ho buella ho fetiswa ha Bili ya Ditlolo tsa Molao tsa Lehloyo le Puo ya Lehloyo Afrika Borwa. O boetse o ithaopela ho Access Kgaolo ya Bobedi, e leng mokgatlo o thehilweng [[Pretoria]] o fanang ka tshehetso le disebediswa bakeng sa batjha ba LGBTQIA+, haholo-holo ho tsamaisa menyetla ya thuto le mesebetsi. ==Mehlodi== {{Reflist}} hp8vcjqztbf6uabivdmwwsp7cqhkeet 0 10491 38384 2026-05-12T11:40:39Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 Leqhepe le letjha la Amstel Maboa 38384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amstel Maboa''' (ya hlahileng hoo e ka bang ka 1979) ke sebini sa [[Afrika Borwa]], moitseki, le sebapadi sa ditaba. O ile a hlahella boemong bo hlahelletseng ba naha jwalo ka setho sa mothehi wa sehlopha sa boraro sa Afro-pop '''3Sum''', se entseng nalane e le sehlopha sa pele sa mmino sa Afrika Borwa se neng se bopilwe ke ditho tse pepeneneng tsa basodoma.<ref name="UP_Icons">"LGBTIQ+ Icons in South Africa," Centre for Human Rights - University of Pretoria, 4 December 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.chr.up.ac.za/latest-news/1109-lgbtiq-icons-in-south-africa</ref>Ka mora lefu la basebetsi-mmoho le yena Jeff Moyo (2010) le [[Koyo Bala]] (2016), Maboa o tswetse pele mosebetsing wa hae wa ho bina a le mong le mmuelli ya hlahelletseng wa setjhaba sa [[LGBTQIA+]].<ref name="Mamba_Sole">"The Other Side of Amstel Maboa: On Legacy, Growth, and Queer Joy," MambaOnline, 1 May 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2025/05/01/the-other-side-of-amstel-maboa-on-legacy-growth-and-queer-joy/</ref> == Bophelo ba pele == Maboa o hlahetse le ho holela lekeisheneng la [[Mamelodi]], ka botjhabela ho Pretoria. O holetse nakong yo ponahalo ya LGBTQIA+ e neng e fokola haholo makeisheneng a Afrika Borwa, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsebisa boitlamo ba hae ba boitseko le boemeli. O ile a fallela [[Johannesburg]] ho phehella ditabatabelo tsa hae indastering ea boithabiso le feshene, moo a ileng a kopana le balekane ba hae ba kamoso. == Mosebetsi == === 3Sum === Ka selemo sa 2002, Maboa o ile a theha sehlopha sa 3Sum hammoho le Jeff Moyo le [[Koyo Bala]]. Sehlopha sena se ile sa fetoha sebaka sa setso sa [[Afrika Borwa]] ka mora puso ya kgethollo, se qholotsa ditlwaelo tse tsitsitseng tsa setjhaba ka mmino wa bona le botumo bo botle ba setjhaba. Mosebetsi o atlehileng haholo wa sehlopha, wa albamo ''Dirurubele'' (2005), o ne o e-na le dipina tse monate tse kang "Leru," "Amandla," le "Chomi."<ref name="Apple_Music">"Dirurubele - Album by 3SUM," Apple Music, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://music.apple.com/us/album/dirurubele/1692351303</ref> Ka ntle ho mmino oa bona, boraro-bo-bong bo ne bo ketekoa ka boteng ba bona sebakeng sa sechaba sa Johannesburg, hangata ba hlaha liketsahalong tsa boemo bo phahameng le lik'hapete tse khubelu. === Mosebetsi wa Solo le merero ea morao-rao === Kamora ho lahleheloa ke litho tsa sehlopha sa hae, Maboa o ile a fetohela mosebetsing a le mong. Dilemong tsa morao tjena, o lokolitse mmino o motjha, ho kenyelletsa le "Thema" ya 2023.O boetse a dula e le sebapadi metjheng ya ditaba, a hlaha kgafetsa jwalo ka moeti mananeong a dipuisano le ho nka karolo diketsahalong tsa indasteri jwalo ka letoto la mmino la "Friends of Amstel".<ref name="SundayWorld">"Friends of Amstel finds a home, and a vibe," Sunday World, 17 November 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sundayworld.co.za/news/friends-of-amstel-finds-a-home-and-a-vibe/</ref> == Bobuelli le diphallelo == Maboa e nkwa e le lets'oao la batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ebile e le pula-madiboho bakeng sa ponahalo e makatsang Afrika Borwa. Ke mothehi wa '''Amstel Maboa Foundation''', e shebaneng le thuto ya LGBTQIA+, matlafatso, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho.Mosebetsi wa hae wa bobuelli o nnile wa ananeloa ka litlotla tse ’maloa, haholo-holo kgau ta **Lesiba la Selemo** Dikgaung tsa 2017 tsa Masiba. Bahlophisi ba ile ba qotsa bophelo ba hae ba ho hloka boikemelo le boitlamo ba nako e telele ba ho phelela nnete ya hae e le mohlodi wa kgothatso ho setjhaba.<ref name="Feather_Awards">"SA's hottest same-sex couple and Amstel honoured at 9th Feather Awards," MambaOnline, 10 November 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2017/11/10/sas-hottest-sex-couple-amstel-honoured-9th-feather-awards/</ref> == Bophelo ba motho == Maboa o ne a tumme haholo ka dinaledi tse mmalwa tsa morao-rao tsa Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa naleli ya mmino wa [[Kwaito ]],[[Mshoza]] le setaele sa batho ba tummeng ,Iko Mash. O buile kGafetsa ka bohloko ba maikutlo a ho ba "monna oa ho qetela Ya emeng" oa 3Sum, a sebeDisa sethala sa hae ho boloka mehopolo ea Jeff Moyo le Koyo Bala e phela ka Diteboho tsa setjhaba le dihopotso tsa sehopotso.<ref name="Citizen_Mshoza">"Amstel Maboa speaks out on 'workaholic' Mshoza's passing," The Citizen, 19 November 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.citizen.co.za/lifestyle/entertainment/celebrity-news/amstel-maboa-speaks-out-on-workaholic-mshozas-passing/</ref><ref name="Inkanyiso">"Memorial Service," inkanyiso.org, 29 July 2017. [Online]. Available: https://inkanyiso.org/tag/memorial-service/</ref> == Mehlodi == {{Reflist}} lioy5vfa51d5jji5cscxrtsjlhpmgap 38385 38384 2026-05-12T11:42:14Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 /* Bobuelli le diphallelo */ ke lokisa diphoso ha ntse ke sebetsa leqhepe 38385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amstel Maboa''' (ya hlahileng hoo e ka bang ka 1979) ke sebini sa [[Afrika Borwa]], moitseki, le sebapadi sa ditaba. O ile a hlahella boemong bo hlahelletseng ba naha jwalo ka setho sa mothehi wa sehlopha sa boraro sa Afro-pop '''3Sum''', se entseng nalane e le sehlopha sa pele sa mmino sa Afrika Borwa se neng se bopilwe ke ditho tse pepeneneng tsa basodoma.<ref name="UP_Icons">"LGBTIQ+ Icons in South Africa," Centre for Human Rights - University of Pretoria, 4 December 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.chr.up.ac.za/latest-news/1109-lgbtiq-icons-in-south-africa</ref>Ka mora lefu la basebetsi-mmoho le yena Jeff Moyo (2010) le [[Koyo Bala]] (2016), Maboa o tswetse pele mosebetsing wa hae wa ho bina a le mong le mmuelli ya hlahelletseng wa setjhaba sa [[LGBTQIA+]].<ref name="Mamba_Sole">"The Other Side of Amstel Maboa: On Legacy, Growth, and Queer Joy," MambaOnline, 1 May 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2025/05/01/the-other-side-of-amstel-maboa-on-legacy-growth-and-queer-joy/</ref> == Bophelo ba pele == Maboa o hlahetse le ho holela lekeisheneng la [[Mamelodi]], ka botjhabela ho Pretoria. O holetse nakong yo ponahalo ya LGBTQIA+ e neng e fokola haholo makeisheneng a Afrika Borwa, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsebisa boitlamo ba hae ba boitseko le boemeli. O ile a fallela [[Johannesburg]] ho phehella ditabatabelo tsa hae indastering ea boithabiso le feshene, moo a ileng a kopana le balekane ba hae ba kamoso. == Mosebetsi == === 3Sum === Ka selemo sa 2002, Maboa o ile a theha sehlopha sa 3Sum hammoho le Jeff Moyo le [[Koyo Bala]]. Sehlopha sena se ile sa fetoha sebaka sa setso sa [[Afrika Borwa]] ka mora puso ya kgethollo, se qholotsa ditlwaelo tse tsitsitseng tsa setjhaba ka mmino wa bona le botumo bo botle ba setjhaba. Mosebetsi o atlehileng haholo wa sehlopha, wa albamo ''Dirurubele'' (2005), o ne o e-na le dipina tse monate tse kang "Leru," "Amandla," le "Chomi."<ref name="Apple_Music">"Dirurubele - Album by 3SUM," Apple Music, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://music.apple.com/us/album/dirurubele/1692351303</ref> Ka ntle ho mmino oa bona, boraro-bo-bong bo ne bo ketekoa ka boteng ba bona sebakeng sa sechaba sa Johannesburg, hangata ba hlaha liketsahalong tsa boemo bo phahameng le lik'hapete tse khubelu. === Mosebetsi wa Solo le merero ea morao-rao === Kamora ho lahleheloa ke litho tsa sehlopha sa hae, Maboa o ile a fetohela mosebetsing a le mong. Dilemong tsa morao tjena, o lokolitse mmino o motjha, ho kenyelletsa le "Thema" ya 2023.O boetse a dula e le sebapadi metjheng ya ditaba, a hlaha kgafetsa jwalo ka moeti mananeong a dipuisano le ho nka karolo diketsahalong tsa indasteri jwalo ka letoto la mmino la "Friends of Amstel".<ref name="SundayWorld">"Friends of Amstel finds a home, and a vibe," Sunday World, 17 November 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sundayworld.co.za/news/friends-of-amstel-finds-a-home-and-a-vibe/</ref> == Bobuelli le diphallelo == Maboa e nkwa e le lets'oao la batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ebile e le pula-madiboho bakeng sa ponahalo e makatsang Afrika Borwa. Ke mothehi wa Amstel Maboa Foundation, e shebaneng le thuto ya LGBTQIA+, matlafatso, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho.Mosebetsi wa hae wa bobuelli o nnile wa ananeloa ka ditlotla tse mmalwa, haholo-holo kgau tsa Feathers Awards 2017 tsa Masiba. Bahlophisi ba ile ba qotsa bophelo ba hae ba ho hloka boikemelo le boitlamo ba nako e telele ba ho phelela nnete ya hae e le mohlodi wa kgothatso ho setjhaba.<ref name="Feather_Awards">"SA's hottest same-sex couple and Amstel honoured at 9th Feather Awards," MambaOnline, 10 November 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2017/11/10/sas-hottest-sex-couple-amstel-honoured-9th-feather-awards/</ref> == Bophelo ba motho == Maboa o ne a tumme haholo ka dinaledi tse mmalwa tsa morao-rao tsa Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa naleli ya mmino wa [[Kwaito ]],[[Mshoza]] le setaele sa batho ba tummeng ,Iko Mash. O buile kGafetsa ka bohloko ba maikutlo a ho ba "monna wa ho qetela Ya emeng" wa 3Sum, a sebedisa sethala sa hae ho boloka mehopolo ea Jeff Moyo le [[Koyo Bala]] e phela ka Diteboho tsa setjhaba le dihopotso tsa sehopotso.<ref name="Citizen_Mshoza">"Amstel Maboa speaks out on 'workaholic' Mshoza's passing," The Citizen, 19 November 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.citizen.co.za/lifestyle/entertainment/celebrity-news/amstel-maboa-speaks-out-on-workaholic-mshozas-passing/</ref><ref name="Inkanyiso">"Memorial Service," inkanyiso.org, 29 July 2017. [Online]. Available: https://inkanyiso.org/tag/memorial-service/</ref> == Mehlodi == {{Reflist}} r8rpp7cfk0d7qaun2p141pfevmw9xq3 38386 38385 2026-05-12T11:51:25Z Nakengtsapoho 11385 /* Bobuelli le diphallelo */ 38386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amstel Maboa''' (ya hlahileng hoo e ka bang ka 1979) ke sebini sa [[Afrika Borwa]], moitseki, le sebapadi sa ditaba. O ile a hlahella boemong bo hlahelletseng ba naha jwalo ka setho sa mothehi wa sehlopha sa boraro sa Afro-pop '''3Sum''', se entseng nalane e le sehlopha sa pele sa mmino sa Afrika Borwa se neng se bopilwe ke ditho tse pepeneneng tsa basodoma.<ref name="UP_Icons">"LGBTIQ+ Icons in South Africa," Centre for Human Rights - University of Pretoria, 4 December 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.chr.up.ac.za/latest-news/1109-lgbtiq-icons-in-south-africa</ref>Ka mora lefu la basebetsi-mmoho le yena Jeff Moyo (2010) le [[Koyo Bala]] (2016), Maboa o tswetse pele mosebetsing wa hae wa ho bina a le mong le mmuelli ya hlahelletseng wa setjhaba sa [[LGBTQIA+]].<ref name="Mamba_Sole">"The Other Side of Amstel Maboa: On Legacy, Growth, and Queer Joy," MambaOnline, 1 May 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2025/05/01/the-other-side-of-amstel-maboa-on-legacy-growth-and-queer-joy/</ref> == Bophelo ba pele == Maboa o hlahetse le ho holela lekeisheneng la [[Mamelodi]], ka botjhabela ho Pretoria. O holetse nakong yo ponahalo ya LGBTQIA+ e neng e fokola haholo makeisheneng a Afrika Borwa, eo hamorao e ileng ya tsebisa boitlamo ba hae ba boitseko le boemeli. O ile a fallela [[Johannesburg]] ho phehella ditabatabelo tsa hae indastering ea boithabiso le feshene, moo a ileng a kopana le balekane ba hae ba kamoso. == Mosebetsi == === 3Sum === Ka selemo sa 2002, Maboa o ile a theha sehlopha sa 3Sum hammoho le Jeff Moyo le [[Koyo Bala]]. Sehlopha sena se ile sa fetoha sebaka sa setso sa [[Afrika Borwa]] ka mora puso ya kgethollo, se qholotsa ditlwaelo tse tsitsitseng tsa setjhaba ka mmino wa bona le botumo bo botle ba setjhaba. Mosebetsi o atlehileng haholo wa sehlopha, wa albamo ''Dirurubele'' (2005), o ne o e-na le dipina tse monate tse kang "Leru," "Amandla," le "Chomi."<ref name="Apple_Music">"Dirurubele - Album by 3SUM," Apple Music, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://music.apple.com/us/album/dirurubele/1692351303</ref> Ka ntle ho mmino oa bona, boraro-bo-bong bo ne bo ketekoa ka boteng ba bona sebakeng sa sechaba sa Johannesburg, hangata ba hlaha liketsahalong tsa boemo bo phahameng le lik'hapete tse khubelu. === Mosebetsi wa Solo le merero ea morao-rao === Kamora ho lahleheloa ke litho tsa sehlopha sa hae, Maboa o ile a fetohela mosebetsing a le mong. Dilemong tsa morao tjena, o lokolitse mmino o motjha, ho kenyelletsa le "Thema" ya 2023.O boetse a dula e le sebapadi metjheng ya ditaba, a hlaha kgafetsa jwalo ka moeti mananeong a dipuisano le ho nka karolo diketsahalong tsa indasteri jwalo ka letoto la mmino la "Friends of Amstel".<ref name="SundayWorld">"Friends of Amstel finds a home, and a vibe," Sunday World, 17 November 2024. [Online]. Available: https://sundayworld.co.za/news/friends-of-amstel-finds-a-home-and-a-vibe/</ref> == Bobuelli le diphallelo == Maboa e nkwa e le letshwao la batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo fapaneng ebile e le pula-madiboho bakeng sa ponahalo e makatsang Afrika Borwa. Ke mothehi wa Amstel Maboa Foundation, e shebaneng le thuto ya LGBTQIA+, matlafatso, le bobuelli ba ditokelo tsa botho.Mosebetsi wa hae wa bobuelli o nnile wa ananeloa ka ditlotla tse mmalwa, haholo-holo kgau tsa Feathers Awards 2017 tsa Masiba. Bahlophisi ba ile ba qotsa bophelo ba hae ba ho hloka boikemelo le boitlamo ba nako e telele ba ho phelela nnete ya hae e le mohlodi wa kgothatso ho setjhaba.<ref name="Feather_Awards">"SA's hottest same-sex couple and Amstel honoured at 9th Feather Awards," MambaOnline, 10 November 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.mambaonline.com/2017/11/10/sas-hottest-sex-couple-amstel-honoured-9th-feather-awards/</ref> == Bophelo ba motho == Maboa o ne a tumme haholo ka dinaledi tse mmalwa tsa morao-rao tsa Afrika Borwa, ho kenyeletswa naleli ya mmino wa [[Kwaito ]],[[Mshoza]] le setaele sa batho ba tummeng ,Iko Mash. O buile kGafetsa ka bohloko ba maikutlo a ho ba "monna wa ho qetela Ya emeng" wa 3Sum, a sebedisa sethala sa hae ho boloka mehopolo ea Jeff Moyo le [[Koyo Bala]] e phela ka Diteboho tsa setjhaba le dihopotso tsa sehopotso.<ref name="Citizen_Mshoza">"Amstel Maboa speaks out on 'workaholic' Mshoza's passing," The Citizen, 19 November 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.citizen.co.za/lifestyle/entertainment/celebrity-news/amstel-maboa-speaks-out-on-workaholic-mshozas-passing/</ref><ref name="Inkanyiso">"Memorial Service," inkanyiso.org, 29 July 2017. [Online]. Available: https://inkanyiso.org/tag/memorial-service/</ref> == Mehlodi == {{Reflist}} ighrmlsit0v87qlctqf2lc6q2i9d69i