Surah Al-Fatihah

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| name = Al-Fatihah &lt;br /&gt;&lt;big&gt;الفاتحة&lt;/big&gt;
| image = FirstSurahKoran.jpg
| katerangan = Mushaf Surat Al Fatihah
| harti = ''Bubuka''
| ngaran_séjén = ''Ummul Qur'an'' (Indung al-Qur'an) &lt;br /&gt; ''Ummul Kitab'' (Indung al-Kitab) &lt;br /&gt; ''as-Sab'ul Masani''&lt;br /&gt;(Tujuh nu diulang-ulang)&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jumunatul 'Ali&quot;&gt;Departemen Agama RI.2007.''Al-Qur'an dan Terjemahannya Al-Jumanatul 'Ali Seuntai Mutiara Yang Maha Luhur''.Bandung:J-Art&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''al-Kanzu''&lt;br /&gt;''al-Wafiyah''&lt;br /&gt;''al-Kafiyah''&lt;br /&gt;''al-Asas''&lt;br /&gt;''asy-Syafiyah''&lt;ref&gt;Hamzah, Muchotob.2003.''Studi Al-Qur'an Komprehensif''.Yogyakarta:Gama Media&lt;/ref&gt;
| golongan = [[Makkiyah]] &lt;br /&gt; [[Madaniyah]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jumunatul 'Ali&quot;/&gt;
| surah_ka = 1
| nomer_juz =  [[Juz 1]]
| waktu_turun_wahyu = 
| jumlah_ruku = 1 ruku'
| jumlah_ayat = 4 ayat
| jumlah_kecap = 25 kecap
| jumlah_aksara = 113 aksara
| ayat_sajdah = 
| Harf-e-Mukatta'at = 
}}
[[File:Chapter 1, Al-Fatiha (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3|thumb|right|ٱلۡفَاتِحَةِ]]
'''Surah Al-Fatihah''' ([[aksara Arab]]:'''الفاتح''') (bubuka) anu diturunkeun di Mekah sarta diwangun ku 7 ayat mangrupa  surat anu munggaran diturunkeun di antara surat-surat anu aya dina [[Al Quran]] sarta kaasup golongan surah [[Makkiyah]] (anu turun di [[Mekah]]).&lt;ref&gt;http://altafsir.com/MiscellaneousBooks.asp&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Numutkeun Imam Jalaluddin As-Suyuti, aya 3 pamadegan, yaéta: (1) Makkiyah (surat anu turun saméméh hijrah Nabi),  dupi Madaniyyah (surah anu turun sanggeus hijrah naha turuna di Mekah atawa di madinah, di jalan atawa keur haji wada); (2) Makkiyyah (surat anu turun di Mekah sanajan sanggeus hijrah), Madaniyyah (surat anu turun di Madinah, ieu pamadegan tengah-tengah); (3) Makkiyyah (surat anu ditujukeun ka urang Mekah, Madaniyyah (surat anu ditujukeun ka urang Madinah). Tempo dina Al-Itqan fi Ulum Al-Qur'an  Ma'rifat al-Makkiy wa al-Madaniyy, ishtilahat al-'ulama fi al-makkiy wa al-madaniyy.&lt;/ref&gt;. Surat ieu disebut Al Fatihah (Bubuka), alatan nya ku surat ieu pisan dibuka sarta dimimitianana Al Quran. Dingaranan ''Ummul Quran'' (indung Al Quran/'''أمّ القرءان''') atawa ''Ummul Kitaab'' (indung Al Kitab/'''أمّ الكتاب''') alatan ieu surat mangrupa indung ti sakabéh eusi Al Quran. Dingaranan ogé As Sab'ul matsaany (tujuh anu diulang-ulang/'''السبع المثاني''') alatan jumlah ayatna anu tujuh sarta dibaca diulang-ulang dina [[solat]].

== Eusi jeung Tarjamah ==

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Ayat ka
! Tulisan Arab
! Tarjamah basa Sunda
|-
| 1.
| &lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيم&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| Kalayan asma Allah, Nu Maha Welas tur nu Maha Asih.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| 2.
| &lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِين&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| Puji sinareng sukur ka Allah, Pangéran sadaya alam.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| 3.
| &lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيم&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| Nu Maha Welas tu Maha Asih.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| 4.
| &lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;مَـٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّين&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| Nu ngawasa poé balitungan.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| 5.
| &lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| Mung ka Gusti abdi sadaya ibadah, sareng mung ka Gusti abdi sadaya neda pitulung.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| 6.
| &lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَ ٰط ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| Mugi Gusti maparin pituduh ka abdi sadaya kana jalan anu lempeng.&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| 7.
| &lt;div dir=&quot;rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;صِرَ ٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ ٱلضَّاۤلِّينَ&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| Nyaéta jalan jalmi-jalmi anu parantos dipaparin ni'mat ku Gusti, sanés jalan jalmi-jalmi anu kénging bebendon ti Gusti, sareng sanés jalan jalmi-jalmi anu salasar.&lt;br /&gt;
|}

== Ngaran Séjén ==
Sajaba dingaranan ''Al Fatihah'' (Bubuka)&lt;ref&gt;abc“Teu sah solat jalma nu teu maca (surat) Al Fatihah.” HR. Imam Bukhori No. 756 jeung Imam Muslim No. 394, ti sohabat ‘Ubadah bin Shomit.&lt;/ref&gt;, surat kahiji [[Al Quran]] ieu dingaranan ogé ''Ummul Kitab'' (indung Al Kitab), ''Ummul Qur'an'' (indung Al Qur'an), ''As-sabu'ul Matsani'' (Tujuh anu Diulang), ''Ash-shalah''/'''الصلاة''' (Solat), ''al-hamd''/'''الحمد''' (Pujian), ''Al-wafiyah''/'''الوافية''' (Anu Sampurna), ''al-kanzu''/'''الكنز''' (Simpenan anu Kandel), ''asy-syafiyah'' (Anu Nyageurkeun), ''Asy-syifa''/'''الشفاء''' (Ubar), ''al-kafiyah''/'''الكافية''' (anu Nyukupkeun), sarta ''al-asas'' (Poko)&lt;ref&gt;abc Imam Ibnu Katsir nyutat di tafsirna, Al-Qur'an al-Karim: ''Dingaranan surat ieu surat Ummul Qur'an, Ummul Kitab, as-Sab'ul Matsani dumasar hadis riwayat Imam at-Tirmidzy ti sohabat Abu Hurairoh r.a. Rasululloh Saw ngadawuhu: &quot;Alhamdu lillahi robbil 'alamin ( Surat Fatihah), nyaéta Ummul Qur'an, Ummul Kitab, As-Sab'ul Matsani, jeung  Al-Qur'an nu agung&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Unsur Poko ==
=== Kaimanan ===
Iman ka [[Pangéran]] Anu Maha Tunggal dituliskeun dina ayat ka-2, di mana dinyatakeun kalayan teges yén sagala puji sarta ucapan  sukur alatan hiji nikmat téh pikeun Alloh lantaran Alloh Nu Nyipta sarta nu jadi Asal ti sagala nikmat anu aya di ieu alam. di antara nikmat éta nyaéta: nikmat nyiptakeun, nikmat ngatik sarta numuwuhkeun, sabab kecap ''Rabb'' ('''ربّ''') dina kalimah ''Rabbul-'aalamiin'' (ربّ''' العالمين''') henteu ngan boga harti Pangéran atawa Pangawasa hungkul, tapi ogé ngandung harti ''tarbiyah'' ('''التربية''') nyaéta ngatik sarta numuwuhkeun. Hal ieu némbongkeun yén sagala nikmat anu katempo ku hiji jalma dina dirina sorangan sarta dina ieu alam asalna ti Alloh, lantaran Alloh Anu Maha Ngawasa di ieu alam. Hal ieu kudu diperhatikeun sarta dipikirkeun ku manusa sajero-jerona, antukna ngajadi sumber rupa-rupa élmu pangaweruh anu bisa nambahan kayakinan manusa kana kaagungan sarta kamuliaan Alloh, sarta kapaké pikeun balaréa. Ku alatan kaimanan (katauhidan) éta mangrupa masalah anu poko, mangka dina jero surat Al Fatihah teu cukup dinyatakeun ku isarat waé, tapi ditegeskan sarta dilengkepan ku ayat 5, nyaéta: Iyyaaka na'budu wa iyyaka nasta'iin/'''إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين''' (Mung ka Gusti abdi sadaya ibadah, sareng mung ka Gusti abdi sadaya neda pitulung).

Anu dimaksud ku kalimah &quot;Nu ngawasa poé balitungan&quot; nyaéta dina poé éta Allah hungkul anu ngawasa, sagala mahluk taluk kana kaagungNa sarta miharep nikmat sarta sieun ku siksaan-Na. Hal ieu ngandung harti jangji Alloh maparin pahala ka nu gawéna alus sarta ancaman ka nu gawéna goréng. Ibadah anu aya dina ayat ka-5 samata-mata ditujukeun pikeun Alloh.

=== Hukum-hukum ===
Jalan kabagjaan sarta kumaha sakuduna nyorang jalan éta pikeun meunangkeun kabagjaan dunya sarta ahérat. Maksud &quot;Hidayah&quot; di dieu nyaéta hidayah anu jadi cukang lantaran kasalametan, kabagjaan dunya sarta ahérat, boh anu ngeunaan kapercayaan boh akhlak, hukum sarta pangajaran.

=== Carita-carita ===
Carita para nabi jeung carita jalma-jalma baheula anu ngarempak paréntah Alloh. Sebagian badag tina ayat-ayat Al -Quran ngandung carita-carita para Nabi sarta carita jalma-jalma baheula anu ngarempak paréntah Alloh. Anu dimaksud jelema anu dipaparin nikmat dina ayat ieu, nyaéta para nabi, para shiddieqiin/'''صدّيقين''' (jalma-jalma anu iman saéstuna), syuhadaa'/'''شهداء''' (jalma-jalma anu maot syahid), shaalihiin/'''صالحين''' (jalma-jalma anu saléh). Jalma-jalma anu dibendon sarta jalma-jalma anu salasar, nyaéta golongan anu nyimpang tina ajaran Islam.

Wincikan ti anu geus disebutkeun di luhur aya dina ayat-ayat Al Quran dina surat-surat anu séjén.

== Panutup ==
Surat Al Fatihah ieu ngalengkepan unsur-unsur poko syari'at Islam, anu saterusna dijelaskeun wincikanana ku ayat-ayat Al-quran séjénna anu jumlahna 113.

== Tumbu kaluar ==
* [http://www.e-mushaf.com/modul.php?mod=quran&amp;op=surah&amp;lang_id=1&amp;surah_no=1&amp;page=1 Surah Al Faatihah]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Surat Al Fatihah di e-mushaf.com

== Rujukan ==
{{wikisource|Al-qur'an/Al-Fatihah|Surah Al-fatihah}}
{{reflist}}
:3. Al-Amin Al-Quran Tarjamah Sunda ku K.H. Qamaruddin Shaleh, C.V. Penerbit  Diponegoro, Bandung, 2003.

{{SuratQuran|1|—|[[Al Baqoroh]]}}

[[Kategori:Surah dina Al-Qur'an]]</text>
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| elevation_footnotes  =
| elevation_m          = 667
| population_total     = 3,165,235
| population_as_of     = 2014
| population_rank      = 1st
| population_note      =
| population_density_km2 = 5390
| population_urban     = 6,183,000&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf World Urban Areas] - Demographia, March 2013&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_metro     = 6,489,162&lt;ref&gt;[http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu Population by sex and age groups] - [[Eurostat]], 2012&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_demonym   = Madrilenian, Madrilene &lt;br/&gt; {{nowrap|{{lang|es|''madrileño'', ''-ña''; ''matritense'' ([[Basa Spanyol|es]])}}}}
| timezone             = CET
| utc_offset           = +1
| timezone_DST         = CEST
| utc_offset_DST       = +2
| postal_code_type     = [[Kodeu pos]]
| postal_code          = 28001–28080
| area_code            = +34 ([[Spanyol|ES]]) + 91 ([[Komunitas Madrid|M]])
| blank_name_sec1      = [[Panangtayung]]
| blank_info_sec1      = [[Buruh Isidore]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Parawan Almudena]]
| website              = [http://www.madrid.es/portales/munimadrid/en/Home?vgnextfmt=default&amp;vgnextchannel=1ccd566813946010VgnVCM100000dc0ca8c0RCRD&amp;idioma=en&amp;idiomaPrevio=en&amp;combo=1 www.madrid.es]
| footnotes            =
}}
'''Madrid''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|d|r|ɪ|d|}}, {{IPA-es|maˈðɾið&lt;!--Standard Spanish pronunciation - Do not change symbols--&gt;|lang}}, {{IPA-es|maˈðɾiθ, -ˈðɾi|local}}) nya ta salah sahiji dayeuh di [[Éropah]] tur mangrupa ibu kota sarta dayeuh panggedéna di [[Spanyol]]. Populasi ieu dayeuh ampir 3,2&amp;nbsp;yuta&lt;ref&gt;[http://biblioteca.ucjc.edu-stat.info/ine.es INE.es] [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] (National Statistics Institute)&lt;/ref&gt; sarta pangeusi [[wewengkon métropolitan Madrid]], aya kira-kira 6,3 yuta. Ieu kota mangrupa [[Kota panggedéna di Uni Éropah dumasar populasi dina sajeroeun wates kota|kota panggedéna katilu]] di [[Uni Éropa]], sanggeus [[London]] jeung [[Bérlin]], sedengkeun [[wewengkon métroppolitan Madrid|wewengkon métropolitanana]] mah mangrupa [[Daptar wewengkon mtropolitan di Éropa dumasar kana populasina|nu katilu panggedéna]] di Uni Éropah sanggeus [[Paris aire urbaine|Paris]] jeung [[Wewengkon Urban London Raya|London]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Demographia&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=World Urban Areas: Population &amp; Density|publisher=[[Wendell Cox|Demographia]]|accessdate=10 August 2008|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UrbanAudit.org&quot;&gt;[[Eurostat]], [http://www.urbanaudit.org/DataAccessed.aspx UrbanAudit.org].  Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data for 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;citypopulation.de&quot;&gt;Brinkoff, Thomas [http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html &quot;Principal Agglomerations of the World&quot;].  Retrieved 12 March 2009. Data for 1 January 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;un.org&quot;&gt;United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs [http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wup2007/2007WUP_Highlights_web.pdf World Urbanization Prospects (2007 revision)], (United Nations, 2008), Table A.12. Data for 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Legana total {{convert|604.3|km²|sqmi|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/UDCObservEconomico/MadridEconomia/Ficheros/MadridEconomia2010Ingles.pdf |title=Member of the Governing Council. Delegate for Economy, Employment and Citizen Involvement|page=6 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ieu kota perenahna di [[Manzanares (walungan)|Walungan Manzanares]] di tengah [[Spanyol|nagara]] katut [[Komunitas Madrid]] (nu ngawengku dayeuh Madrid, konurbasina katut kota satelit jeung désa sabudeureunana); ieu komunitas diwatesan ku [[Komunitas otonom di Spanyol|komunitas otonom]] [[Castile katut León]] jeung [[Castile-La Mancha]]. Minangka ibu kota Spanyol, [[tempat kantor pamaréntahan]], katut [[tempat karajaan Spanyol|padumukan]] [[Karajaan Spanyol]], Madrid ogé mangrupa puseur pulitik, ékonomi katut budayana Spanyol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Madrid&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~overseas/flyers/mad_ies.html|publisher=Indiana.edu|title=Madrid|date=10 July 2006}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312021025/http://www.indiana.edu/~overseas/flyers/mad_ies.html |date=12 March 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Walikota kiwari nyaéta [[Manuéla Carmena]] ti [[Ahora Madrid]].

Kelompok urban Madrid boga [[Daptar kota dumasar GDP|GDP panggedéna katilu]]&lt;ref name=&quot;pricewater&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|title=Global city GDP rankings 2008–2025|publisher=Pricewaterhouse Coopers|accessdate=20 November 2009}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031739/https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562 |date=4 May 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; di [[Uni Éropa]] pangaruhna kana [[pulitik]], [[atikan]], [[hiburan]], [[lingkungan]], [[média massa|média]], [[fésyen]], [[pangaweruh]], [[budaya]], katut [[seni]] sakabéhanana boga kontribusi kana statusna minangka salah sahiji [[kota global]] nu gedé di dunya.&lt;ref name=&quot;GaWC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html|title=The World According to GaWC 2010|author=Globalization and World Cities (GaWC) Study Group and Network, [[Loughborough University]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524193101/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |date=2012-05-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;mori-m-foundation.or.jp&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |title=Global Power City Index 2009 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=14 April 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |date=29 June 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Alatan [[output (ékonomi)|kaluaran ékonomi]], [[standar kahirupan]] nu luhur, katut ukuran pasar, Madrid dianggap [[puseur kauangan]] nu gedé di [[Éropa Kidul]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mastercard.com/us/company/en/insights/pdfs/2008/MCWW_WCoC-Report_2008.pdf |title=Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |title=Global Power City Index |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/http://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |date=29 June 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; katut [[Bojong Iberia]]; tempat kantor puseur lolobana pausahaan Spanyol nu gedé, kayaning [[Telefónica]],  [[Iberia (airline)|Iberia]] jeung [[Repsol]]. Madrid mangrupa [[kota pangbisaditempatananana di Dunya|kota ka-17 pangbisaditempatananan di dunya]] dumasar kana majalah Monocle, dina indéksna taun 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.monocle.com/Magazine/volume-3/Issue-25/ |title=Monocle's World's Most Liveable Cities Index 2009 |publisher=Monocle.com |date=10 June 2009 |accessdate=18 October 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708041931/http://www.monocle.com/Magazine/volume-3/issue-25/ |date=8 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Magazine-Articles/Top-20-liveable-cities---10-Madrid/ |title=Top 20 liveable cities&amp;nbsp;– 10 Madrid |publisher=Monocle.com |date= |accessdate=18 October 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715111257/http://www.monocle.com/sections/affairs/Magazine-Articles/Top-20-liveable-cities---10-Madrid/ |date=15 July 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madrid jadi tempat ayana kantor puseur [[World Tourism Organization]] (WTO), bogana [[Persauan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (UN), the SEGIB, [[Organization of Ibero-American States]] (OEI), katut [[Public Interest Oversight Board]] (PIOB). ogé jadi tempat para pangatur Spanyol internasional nu galede: the Standing Committee of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, kantor puseur [[Royal Spanish Academy]] (RAE), [[Institut Cervantes]] katut [[Foundation of Urgent Spanish]] (Fundéu BBVA). Madrid ngorganisir pameran saperti  FITUR,&lt;ref name=&quot;FITUR&quot;&gt;[http://www.ifema.es/web/ferias/fitur/default.html ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620120435/http://www.ifema.es/web/ferias/fitur/default.html |date=2012-06-20 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ARCO,&lt;ref name=&quot;ARCO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ifema.es/web/ferias/arco/default.html |title=Arte Contemporaneo en España - ARCOmadrid |publisher=Ifema.es |date= |accessdate=9 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[SIMO TCI]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ifema.es/simonetwork_06/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825231907/http://www.ifema.es/simonetwork_06/ |date=2016-08-25 }} [[SIMO TCI]]&lt;/ref&gt; jeung [[Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mercedesbenzfashionweekmadrid.com/eng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411150907/http://mercedesbenzfashionweekmadrid.com/eng/ |date=2012-04-11 }}[[Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Sanajan Madrid boga infrastruktur modéren, ieu kota ngajaga sawangan katut rasa lingkungan katut jajalaneunana nu bersejarah. Cicirén kawas [[Istana Karajaan Madrid]]; [[Teatro Real|Royal Theatre]] kalan Opera House nu dihadéan taun 1850; [[Taman Buen Retiro]], nu ngadeg taun 1631; wangunan [[Biblioteca Nacional de España|Perpustakaan Nasional]] abad ka-19 (ngadeg taun 1712) nu ngandung sababaraha arsip sajarah Spanyol; hiji musieum nasional nu loba eusina,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mcu.es/museos/CE/MuseosEstatales/Arquitectura/ListadoMusEstMadrid.html |title=Arquitectura. Edificios de los Museos Estatales |publisher=Mcu.es |date=25 January 2012 |accessdate= 7 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; jeung [[Golden Triangle of Art]], nu perenahna sapanjang [[Paseo del Prado]] nu ngawengku tilu musieum seni: [[Museo del Prado|Musieum Prado]], [[Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía|Musieum Reina Sofía]], hiji musieum [[seni modéren]], katut [[Musieum Thyssen-Bornemisza]], nu ngalengkepan kakurangan dua musieum liana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Overview of Madrid&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.easyexpat.com/madrid_en/overview_geography.htm|publisher=Easy expat|title=Geography of Madrid|date=11 August 2006}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722145816/http://www.easyexpat.com/en/madrid/overview/geography.htm |date=22 July 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Plaza de Cibeles|Karaton katut Cai mancer Cibeles]] jadi lambang ieu dayeuh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.spain.info/en/lugares_de_interes/madrid/plaza_de_cibeles.html |title=Plaza de Cibeles &amp;#124; Spain.info in english |publisher=Spain.info |date= |accessdate=7 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://inhabitat.com/madrids-palacio-de-cibeles-renovated-into-jaw-dropping-centrocentro-cultural-center/ |title=Madrid's Palacio de Cibeles Renovated Into Jaw-Dropping CentroCentro Cultural Center &amp;#124; Inhabitat – Sustainable Design Innovation, Eco Architecture, Green Building |publisher=Inhabitat |date= |accessdate=7 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.turismomadrid.es/en/component/guides/?view=monumento&amp;id=13 |title=Cibeles Fountain – Tourism in Madrid |publisher=Turismomadrid.es |date= |accessdate=7 August 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20121218024540/http://www.turismomadrid.es/en/component/guides/?view=monumento&amp;id=13 |date=18 December 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madrid jadi tempat kleub [[Association football|maén bal]] nu kasohor, [[Real Madrid]] katut [[Atlético de Madrid]].

==Sajarah==
{{Main|Sajarah Madrid}}
{{see also|Gurat wanci Madrid}}

==Hubungan mancanagara==
{{See also|Daptar kota kembar jeung kota sadulur di Spanyol}}

===Kota kembar jeung sadulur===
Daptar kota kembaranana Madrid, kota sadulur katut kota babaturananan:&lt;ref name=&quot;hermanadas&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title= Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas |publisher= Ayuntamiento de Madrid |url= http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&amp;vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&amp;vgnextfmt=especial1&amp;idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
*{{flagicon|UAE}} [[Abu Dhabi]], [[Uni Émirat Arab]]
*{{flagicon|PAR}} [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]]
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Athéna]], [[Yunani]]
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Béijing]], [[China]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bérlin]], [[Jérman]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Berlin twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html|title=Berlin - City Partnerships|accessdate=17 September 2013|work=Der Regierende Bürgermeister Berlin|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130521054019/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html|archivedate=21 May 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521054019/http://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/staedteverbindungen/staedtepartnerschaft_ueberblick.en.html |date=21 May 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|COL}} [[Bogotá]], [[Kolombia]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bordeaux]], [[Perancis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|title=Bordeaux - Rayonnement européen et mondial|accessdate=29 July 2013|work=Mairie de Bordeaux|language=French|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|archivedate=7 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international |date=7 February 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux twinnings 2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&amp;x=36&amp;y=14|title=Bordeaux-Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures|accessdate=29 July 2013|work=Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministére des Affaires étrangéres)|language=French|archiveurl=//web.archive.org/web/20130207152951/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux&amp;x=36&amp;y=14|archivedate=7 February 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913015514/http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-recherche-resultat.asp?searchField=bordeaux |date=13 September 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Brussels]], [[Bélgia]]
*{{flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]], [[Hungaria]]
*{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argéntina]]
*{{flagicon|VEN}} [[Caracas]], [[Vénézuéla]]
*{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guatemala City]], [[Guatemala]]
*{{flagicon|CUB}} [[La Habana]], [[Kuba]]
*{{flagicon|BOL}} [[La Paz]], [[Bolivia]]
*{{flagicon|IND}} [[Kozhikode]], [[India]]
||

*{{flagicon|PER}} [[Lima]], [[Péru]]
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisbon twinnings&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100|title=Lisboa - Geminações de Cidades e Vilas|accessdate=23 August 2013|work=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities]|language=Portuguese|trans_title=Lisbon - Twinning of Cities and Towns}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201175323/http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |date=1 February 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisbon twinnings 2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais|title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa|accessdate=23 August 2013|work=Camara Municipal de Lisboa|language=Portuguese|trans_title=Lisbon - Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |date=31 October 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|NCA}} [[Managua]], [[Nikaragua]]
*{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Manila]], [[Filipina]]
*{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mexico City]], [[Méksiko]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami]], [[Amérika Serikat]]
*{{flagicon|URU}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], [[Rusia]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[New York City]], [[Amérika Serikat]]&lt;ref name=&quot;New York sisters&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml|title=NYC's Partner Cities|publisher=The City of New York|accessdate=16 December 2012}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814165415/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml |date=14 August 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
*{{flagicon|MTN}} [[Nouakchott]], [[Mauritania]]
*{{flagicon|PAN}} [[Panama City]], [[Panama]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], [[Perancis]]
*{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Quito]], [[Ékuador]]
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Prague]], [[Républik Céko]]
||
*{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Rabat]], [[Maroko]]
*{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Rome]], [[Itali]]
*{{flagicon|CRC}} [[San José, Kosta Rika|San José]], [[Kosta Rika]]
*{{flagicon|PUR}} [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]], [[Puerto Rico]]
*{{flagicon|SLV}} [[San Salvador]], [[Él Salvador]]
*{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Santiago de Chile]], [[Chili]]
*{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Santo Domingo]], [[Républik Dominika]]
*{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Sarajévo]], [[Bosnia jeung Hérzégovina]]
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]]
*{{flagicon|HON}} [[Tégucigalpa]], [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Tirana]], [[Albania]]
*{{flagicon|LBY}} [[Tripoli]], [[Libia]]
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsawa]], [[Polandia]]
*{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Téhéran]], [[Iran]]
|}

==Jalma penting==
{{Main|Daptar jalma ti Madrid}}

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Penélope Cruz - Cannes 2011.jpg|[[Penélope Cruz]]
File:Enrique Iglesias 2011, 2.jpg|[[Enrique Iglesias]]
File:Julio Iglesias09.jpg|[[Julio Iglesias]]
File:'Andrés Manuel de Río' (1825) by Rafael Ximeno y Planes - Museo Tolsá - Palacio de Minería - Mexico 2024.jpg|[[Andrés Manuel del Río]]
File:Federico Chueca.jpg| [[Federico Chueca]]
File:LopedeVega.jpg|[[Félix Lope de Vega]]
File:Fernando Trueba (Guadalajara) 2.jpg|[[Fernando Trueba]]
File:Fernando Verdasco - water polo player.jpg|[[Fernando Verdasco]]
File:Quevedo (copia de Velázquez).jpg|[[Francisco de Quevedo]]
File:Dr. Ayala.jpg|[[Francisco J. Ayala]]
File:Gregorio Marañón - retrato.png|[[Gregorio Marañón]]
File:JoseAntonioFEJONS.jpg|[[José Antonio Primo de Rivera]]
File:Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz.jpg| [[Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz|Juan Caramuel]]
File:JoseOrtegayGasset.jpg |[[José Ortega y Gasset]]
File:Juan Gris, portrait photograph, published in Les Peintres Cubistes, 1913.jpg| [[Juan Gris]]
File:MARIA GUERRERO.JPG|[[María Guerrero]]
File:Plácido Domingo, 2008.jpg|[[Plácido Domingo]]
File:Raúl Aspire4Sport Conference 2012.jpg|[[Raúl (footballer)|Raúl]]
File:RODRIGO RATO RT-8 01.JPG|[[Rodrigo Rato]]
|[[Tirso de Molina]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Wangunan sajarah liana==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Plaza de la Villa - 02.jpg|Plaza de la Villa
File:Puente de Toledo 0011.JPG|Bridge of Toledo
File:Basílica of San Miguel.jpg|[[St. Michael's Basilica (Madrid)|St. Michael's Basilica]]
File:Iglesia Parroquial de Santa Bárbara (Madrid) 08.jpg|[[Convent of the Salesas Reales|St. Barbara's Church]].
File:Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid 01.jpg|[[Spanish National Observatory|Royal Observatory]]
File:Puerta de Toledo (2009).jpg|[[Gate of Toledo]]
File:Congreso de los Diputados.jpg|[[Congress of Deputies (Spain)|Congress of Deputies]]
File:Ministerio de Agricultura (Madrid) 02.jpg|Spanish Ministry of Agriculture
File:Edificio del Banco de España 2 Madrid.jpg|[[Bank of Spain]]
File:Estación de Delicias.JPG| Delicias Train Station
File:Hospital de Maudes (Madrid) 02.jpg|[[Hospital of Maudes]]
File:Iglesia de San Manuel y San Benito (Madrid) 08.jpg|San Manuel &amp; San Benito church
File:Palacio Longoria (Madrid) 16.jpg|[[Palace of Longoria|SGAE Seat]]
File:TelefonicaMadrid.jpg|[[Telefónica Building]]
File:Palacio de la Prensa (Madrid) 06.jpg|Palacio de la Prensa
File:Edificio Carrión (Madrid) 03.jpg|Carrión Building
File: Madrid Ejercito del Aire.jpg|[[Spanish Air Force]] Héadquarters
File:Edificio Girasol (Madrid) 01.jpg|Edificio Girasol
File:Torres Blancas en Madrid.jpg|Torres Blancas
File:Caja Mágica exterior.jpg|[[Caja Mágica]] 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Pangajén==
*[[Momolo Madrid]] di [[Basisir Oscar II]] di [[Lemah Graham]], [[Antartika]] dingaranan dumasar kana ieu dayeuh.&lt;ref&gt;[https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137423 Madrid Dome.] [[SCAR]] [[Composite Antarctic Gazetteer]].
&lt;/ref&gt;

==Tempo ogé==
{{Portal|Ékonomi|Spanyol}}
*[[Grup Kapamingpinan Iklim Kota C40]]
*[[Ibukota Madrid]]
*[[Konférénsi Madrid 1991]]
*[[Walikota Madrid]]
*[[Daptar wangunan pangluhurna di Madrid]]
*[[OPENCities]]

==Rujukan==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Tutumbu luar==
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* [http://www.metromadrid.es/en/index.html Official website of Metro Madrid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115024623/http://www.metromadrid.es/en/index.html |date=2018-11-15 }}
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=40420000&amp;x=-3710000&amp;z=11&amp;l=1&amp;m=a WikiSatellite view of Madrid at WikiMapia]

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[[Kategori:Madrid| ]]&lt;!--leave the empty space as standard--&gt;
[[Kategori:Ibu kota di Éropa]]
[[Kategori:Munisipalitas di Komunitas Madrid]]
[[Kategori:Tempat padet di Komunitas Madrid]]
[[Kategori:Tempat padet nu ngadeg abad ka-9]]
[[Kategori:Kota universitas di Spanyol]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fumio Goto</title>
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{{Infobox Prime Minister
|name        = Fumio Gotō
|native_name = 後藤 文夫
|image       = Fumio Gotō, Director of General Affairs Bureau of the Government-General of Taiwan.jpg
|caption       = Goto pada tahun 1924 - 1928
|office      = [[Perdana Menteri Jepang]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Pejabat&lt;/small&gt;
|monarch     = [[Hirohito|Shōwa]]
|term_start  = 26 Februari 1936
|term_end    = 29 Februari 1936
|predecessor = [[Keisuke Okada]]
|successor   = [[Keisuke Okada]]
|birth_date  = {{Birth date|1884|3|7|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Prefektur Oita|Ōita]], [[Kekaisaran Jepang|Jepang]]
|death_date  = {{death date and age|1980|5|1|1884|3|7|df=y}} 
|death_place = 
|party       = Asosiasi Bantuan Peraturan Imperial &lt;small&gt;(1940–1945)
|otherparty  = [[Independen (politikus)|Independen]] &lt;small&gt;(Before 1940)&lt;/small&gt;
|alma_mater  = [[Universitas Tokyo|Universitas Imperial Tokyo]]
}}

'''Fumio Goto''' ({{lahirmati||7|3|1884||1|5|1980}}) nyaéta [[Perdana Menteri Jepang]] dina taun [[1936]]

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  <page>
    <title>Surah Al-Baqarah</title>
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      <text bytes="11124" sha1="aestdk3rq7u8k431g0gsvrcu5qg2rq4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Sura
| name = Al Baqoroh &lt;br /&gt;&lt;big&gt;سورة البقرة&lt;/big&gt;
| gambar = 
| katerangan = 
| harti = ''Sapi Bikang''
| ngaran_séjén = '''Fusthotul Qur'an&lt;br /&gt;Alif Laam Miim &lt;br /&gt;Sanamul Quran&lt;br /&gt; Az-Zahrawaén''
| golongan = [[Madaniyyah]]  
| surah_ka = 2
| nomer_juz =  [[Juz 01]]
| waktu_turun_wahyu = 87 &lt;ref&gt;Mushaf al-Madinah an-Nabawiyah (bi-Riwayah Hafsh). Madinah: Mujamma' al-Malik Fahd li-Thiba'ah al-Mushaf asy-Syarif. Halaman Ba'&lt;/ref&gt;
| jumlah_ruku = 40 ruku'
| jumlah_ayat = 286 ayat
| jumlah_kecap = 6121
| jumlah_aksara = 25.500 &lt;ref&gt;Bashair Dzittamyiz Fi Lathaif al-Kitab al-Aziz, al-bab al-awwal at-thorf ats-tsany a-mawaqif, bashirat fi Alif Laam Miim dzalikal kitab, Mazdudin Fairuz Abadi Muhammad bin Ya’qub&lt;/ref&gt;
| ayat_sajdah = 
| Harf-e-Mukatta'at = 
}}

'''Surat Al Baqoroh''' ([[Basa Arab|Arab]]: '''البقرة''', ''al-Baqarah'', &quot;Sapi Bikang&quot;) nyaéta surat ka-2 dina [[Qur'an|Al Qur'an]]. Surat ieu kawengku ti 286 ayat, 6.221 kecap, jeung 25.500 huruf jeung kaasup surat [[Madaniyah]]. Sabagéan gedé ayatna turun di awal [[Hijrah|hijrahna Nabi sa.w.]], iwal ti ayat [//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Al-Qur'an/Al-Baqarah#2:281 281] nu turun di Mina nalika Haji Wada'. Surah ieu pang panjangna dina [[Qur'an|Al Qur'an]]. Dingaranan ''Al-Baqoroh'' nu hartina ''Sapi Bikang'' dicandak tina carita Bani Isroil nu diparéntah Allah meuncit sapi bikang  (ayat 67-74). Surat ieu ogé disebut ''Fusthotul Qur'an'' (Puncakna Al-Qur'an) lantaran eusina  aya hukum-hukum nu teu disebutkeun dina surat nu lian atawa surat ''Alif Lam Mim''  lantaran dimimitian ''Alif Lam dan Mim''. Turun sabada Surat 83 Al Muthoffifin.

== Asbabun Nuzul (Sabab Turunna) ==
Ti Ibnu Abbas r.a, saurna nalika turun dua siloka (مثلهم كمثل الذي استوقد نارا) hartina &quot;siloka maranéhna (urang munafék) lir ibarat jalma nu ngahurungkeun seuneu (tapi teu nyaangan maranéhna, teu nempo)...&quot;, jeung (أو كصيب من السماء) hartina: &quot;Atawa (urang munafék) lir ibarat hujan ngagebrét turun ti langit (bari poék peteng)..&quot; nu patali jeung urang munafék, pok maranéhna nyarita: ''Alloh leuwih luhung tibatan ieu dua siloka''. Alloh nurunkeun ayat (إن الله لا يستحيي أن يضرب مثلا) hartina: &quot;[[Alloh]] teu éra nyieun siloka (maké reungit)..&quot;.

== Fadhilah ieu surat ==
[[Muhammad|Rosululloh saw]], ngadawuh: (الآيتان من آخر سورة البقرة، من قرأهما في ليلة كفتاه) Dua ayat tina akhir surat Al-Baqoroh saha nu maca dina sapeuting nyukupan.&lt;ref&gt;H.R. Muslim ti riwayat sohabat Abdullah bin Mas'ud r.a.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayat jeung tarjamah ==
{{col|2}}
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:165%;&quot;&gt;''' الۤـمۤ '''&lt;/span&gt;
(1) ''Alif Laamiim''.
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:165%;&quot;&gt;'''ذَلِكَ ٱلْكِتَابُ لاَ رَيْبَ فِيهِ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ'''&lt;/span&gt;
(2) ''Ieu kitab ([[Al Qur'an]]) teu sangsi deui di jerona, pituduh pikeun jalma-jalma nu takwa''.
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:165%;&quot;&gt;'''ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلٰوةَ وَممَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ'''&lt;/span&gt;
(3) ''(nyaéta) nu iman (percaya ku haté) kanu ghoib, nanjeurkeun solat, jeung infak ku sabagian rejeki''.
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:165%;&quot;&gt;''' وٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَآ أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَآ أُنْزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ وَبِٱلآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ'''&lt;/span&gt;
(4) ''Jeung jalma-jalma nu iman kana (wahyu) nu turun ka Anjeun (Nabi a.s) jeung kana (wahyu) nu turun saméméh Anjeun''
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:165%;&quot;&gt;''' أُوْلَـٰئِكَ عَلَىٰ هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَأُوْلَـٰئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُفْلِحُونَ'''&lt;/span&gt;
(5) ''Maranéhna éta jalma-jalma nu meunang pituduh ti Pangéran maranéhna tur maranéhna jalma-jalma nu aruntung''
{{EndDiv}}

== Pokok Eusina ==
{{refbegin}}
;Tilu Golongan Manusa dina [[Al Qur'an]] (1-20)
* Golongan [[Rukun Iman|Mukmin]] (1-5)
* Golongan [[Kafir]] (6-7)
* Golongan [[Munafék]] (8-20)
;Taohid jeung kakawasaan [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (21-39)
* Paréntah nyembah [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] Nu Mahatunggal (21-22)
* [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] ka nu  [[Al-Qur'an]] jeung naraka (23-24)
* Wawales pikeun nu ariman (25)
* Siloka dina [[Al Qur'an]] jeung hikmahna (26-27)
* Bukti kakawasaan [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (28-29)
* Diciptana manusa jeung kholifah di [[marcapada]] (30-39)
;Pépéling [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] ka [[[[Bani Israil|Bani Isroil]]]] (40-141)
* Paréntah jeung panyarék [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] ka Bani Isroil (40-48)
* Ni'mat-ni'mat [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] ka Bani Isroil (49-60)
* Wawales kana laku lampah [[Bani Israil|Bani Isroil]] (61)
* Pahla nu ariman (62)
* Wawales [[Bani Israil|Bani Isroil]] nu sulaya kana jangji jeung [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (63-66)
* Kisah/ Carita meuncit Sapi Bikang (67-74)
* Iman urang [[Yahudi]] hésé diharepkeun (75-82)
* [[Bani Israil|Bani Isroil]] nyulayaan jangjina jeung [[Alloh]] SWT. (83-86)
* Sikep Urang Yahudi ka para rosul jeung kitab-kitab nu turun ti [[Alloh]] SWT (87-91)
* Meuncit anak sapi ku Bangsa [[Yahudi]] minangka tanda ponténgna kana dunya barana (92-96)
* Musuh [[Malaékat]] Jibril A.S. hartina musuh [[Alloh]] SWT. nu ngutusna (97-101)
* Urang Yahudi nuduh ka [[[[Nabi Sulaiman|Nabi Sulaéman AS]].]] (102-103)
* Teu sopanna urang Yahudi ka [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad SAW.]] jeung sahabatna (104-105)
* Nganasakh hiji ayat éta urusan [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (106-113)
* Ngahalang-halang [[ibadah]] (114-118)
* Larangan nuturkeun Yahudi jeung Nasroni (119-123)
* Patali jangji jeung [[Nabi Ibrahim|Nabi Ibrohim AS]]. (124-129)
* Agama Nabi Ibrohim AS. (130-141)
;[[Ka'bah]] nyaéta kiblat pikeun sakabéh umat [[Islam]] (142-214)
* Ngalih kiblat ka Ka'bah (142-152)
* Cocoba beurat dina nanjeurkeun bebeneran (153-157)
* Manasik [[Haji]] (158) 
* Laknat ka jalma nu nyumputkeun ayat-ayat [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (159-162)
* [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] Nu Kawasa dan Nu Nangtukeun (163-171)
* Kadaharan nu [[halal]] jeung nu [[haram]] (172-176)
* Poko-poko kahadéan (177)
* Qishos jeung hikmahna (178-179)
* Wasiat (180-182)
* [[Puasa]] (183-188)
* [[Jihad]] ku jiwa jeung harta banda di jalan [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (189-195)
* [[Haji]] (196-203)
* Laku lampah [[munafék]] (204-210)
* Hikmah diutusna para [[rasul]] jeung cocoba ka umatna (211-214)
;Hukum Syaréat (215-252)
* Nu dibéré nafakah (215)
* Hukum [[perang]] dina [[Islam]] (216-218)
* Arak, judi, harta nu dinafakahkeun jeung ngurus budak yatim (219-220) 
* Poko hukum pernikahan, [[talak|pipirakan]], jeung nyusuan (221-237)
* Kewajiban migawé [[solat]] sanajan keur sieun (238-239)
* Wasiat keur bojo jeung Mu'tah (240-242)
* Wajibna jihad jeung harta di jalan [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (243-252) 
;Tumali rosul-rosul jeung kakawasaan [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (253-260)
* Utama jeung béda darajat [[Rasul|rosul]]-rosul (253)
* Anjuran nasorufkeun harta banda (254)
* [[Ayat]] Kursi (255)
* Taya paksaan asup agama [[Islam]] (256-257)
* Ngahudangkeun jalma nu paéh (258-260)
;Cara ngagunakeun harta jeung hukum-hukumna (261-286)
* Ngagunakeun harta di jalan [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] (261-274)
* Hukum [[Riba]] (275-281)
* Saksi dina jeung sasama (Muamalah) (282-283)
* [[Alloh|Alloh SWT.]] muji ka urang mukmin jeung du'a maranéhna (284-286)
{{refend}}

== Tadabbur &amp; Tadzakkur ==
Sa anjogna Kangjeng [[Muhammad|Nabi S.a.w]] sumping ka Madinah, ieu surat nu mimiti turun anu eusina di antarana ngécéskeun yén [[Al Qur'an]] mangrupa kitab pituduh pikeun anu tarakwa (muttaqin) kalayan sababaraha ciri, nyaéta iman kanu goib, migawé solat, méré infaq, iman kana kitab nu turun ka Nabi s.a.w. jeung nu saméméhna Nabi s.a.w, tur yakin kana poé ahérat. Rupa-rupa syaréat mimiti lumaku di masyarakat Islam.

=== Syaréat Puasa ===
Dina taun ka-2 (dua) hiriyah, disyaréatkeun puasa Romadhon. Turun surat ieu ayat ka-183 (يٰأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ). Kalimah (يا أيُّها الَّذين آمَنُوا ) ngandung harti hé jalma-jalma nu ariman ka [[Alloh]] jeung rosul-Na, ngabenerkeun duanana tur ikror (ku lisan ku maca syahadat). Makna (كُتِبَ عَلَـيْكُمُ الصّيامُ ) nyaéta difardukeun ka aranjeun hé nu ariman puasa. Kecap (الصيام) tina kecap (صمت عن كذا وكذ) atawa (أصوم عنه صوماً وصياماً) kuring nahan tina anu tur anu, maksudna nahan tina saniskara nu Alloh maréntahkeun pikeun nahan. Ogé boga makna makna nahan teu ngomong, dina carita Siti Maryam nalika, dawuhna: ( إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَـٰنِ صَوْماً ) &quot;Kuring nadar karana Nu Maha Welas puasa (ayeuna moal ngomong jeung saha ogé).&lt;ref&gt;Tafsir Jami'ul Bayan Fi Tafsiril Qur'an, At-Thobari (wafat 310), Suratul Baqoroh ayat 183:  (يعنـي الله تعالـى ذكره بقوله: { يا أيُّها الَّذين آمَنُوا } بـالله ورسوله، وصدّقوا بهما وأقرّوا)&lt;/ref&gt; ku kituna (صوماً وصياماً) bisa boga dua harti, nyaéta puasa (صياماً) nahan tina saban perkara atawa puasa ngomong (صَوْماً)&lt;ref&gt;Tafsir an-Nukat wal 'Uyun, Imam Al-Mawardy ( تفسير النكت والعيون/ الماوردي (ت 450 هـ)), Surotul Baqoroh ayat 183&lt;/ref&gt;. Ceuk syara puasa nyaéta (الإمساك عن المفطرات مع ٱقتران النية به من طلوع الفجر إلى غروب الشمس) ''Nahan tina nu ngabatalkeun dibarengan niat ti mimiti medalna fajar tepi ka surupna panon poé''. Jeung sampurnana ku (وتمامه وكماله بٱجتناب المحظورات وعدم الوقوع في المحرّمات), ninggalkeun nu dilarang jeung nyingkahan ti nu haram.&lt;ref&gt;Tafsir al-Jami' li Ahkamil Qur'an, Imam Al-Qurthuby (تفسير الجامع لاحكام القرآن/ القرطبي (ت 671 هـ)) QS 2:183: Nurutkeun basa hartina (لإمساك) nahan, boga harti ogé puasa ngomong (إمساك عن الكلام) QS 19 Maryam ayat 26: Jibril a.s. ngabeberah, saurna:''Mangga tuang, leueut, jeung haté guligah, mun papanggih jeung saurang manusa, omongkeun: Kuring nadar rék puasa moal ngomong jeung saha ogé''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tumbu Luar ==
{{Wikisource|Surat Al-Baqarah}}
* {{en}} [https://quran.com/2 Quran.com - Surat Al-Baqarah (Lengkep sareng Tarjamah sarta Audio)]
* {{id}} [https://quran.kemenag.go.id/surah/2 Kemenag RI - Al-Qur'an Digital Surat Al-Baqarah]
* [https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Al-Baqarah Al-Qur'an Basa Sunda online]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
* [http://altafsir.com/ Altafsir.com]

{{SuratQuran|2|[[Al Fatihah]]|[[Ali Imron]]}}

{{pondok}}

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| maskot        = 
| rektor        = 
| kepsek        = 
| ketua komite  = 
| moderator     =
| kelas         = 
| jurusan       = 
| rentang kelas = 
| kurikulum     = [[Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan]]
| murid         = 
| status        = 
| lonem         = 
| hinem         = 
| avgnem        = 
| alamat        = Jl.Adipati Agung No.32 Baleendah
| kota          = [[Kabupatén Bandung]]
| provinsi      = [[Jawa Kulon]]
| negara        = {{nagara|Indonesia}} [[Indonésia]]
| telp          = 
| situs web     = 
| koordinat     = 
| kampus        = 
| alumni        = 
| institusi     = 
| afiliasi      = [[Kamentrian Pangatikan jeung Kabudayaan Indonésia]]
| catatan       = 
}}
'''SMA KP Baleendah''' Nyaéta [[Sakola Menengah Kajuruan]] Swasta anu aya di [[Kabupatén Bandung]]. Alamat lengkepna di Jl.Adipati Agung No.32 Baleendah, Kalurahan/Désa Baleendah Kacamatan [[Balééndah, Bandung|Balééndah]], [[Kabupatén Bandung]], [[Jawa Kulon]] kalawan nomor [[NPSN]] 20228442.

{{sakola-pondok}}
{{SMA Swasta di Kabupatén Bandung}}

[[Kategori:SMA di Kabupatén Bandung]]
[[Kategori:Sakola Swasta di Kabupatén Bandung]]</text>
      <sha1>hsv8jn2vplkrx5u34nkdueevca9kt0j</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Citakan:Gambar petingan/23 2020</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>99590</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708748</id>
      <parentid>601270</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T12:26:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Deltaspace42</username>
        <id>36596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Kaiserling (Amanita caesarea) 20191014-RM-153953.jpg]] → [[File:Kaiserling (Amanita muscaria) 20191014-RM-153953.jpg]] [[c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · The image does not depict A. caesarea here. Hence the present filename is misleading, even dangerous considering A. muscaria is toxic.</comment>
      <origin>708748</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="435" sha1="jhywozw1bqnglt3h5e252teagsq8t9s" xml:space="preserve">{{Béner-core
|direksi=left
|judul-alt=Supa
|judul=:File:Kaiserling (Amanita muscaria) 20191014-RM-153953.jpg
|gambar=Kaiserling (Amanita muscaria) 20191014-RM-153953.jpg
|ukuran=1125
|rubak=1125
|luhur=150
|bagian=Gambar Petingan
|bag-tutumbu=Wikipedia:Gambar_petingan
|mobil=1
|mobil-bag=1
|fon=#A35200
|logo=HUPhoto circle.png
|force-auto=true
|deskripsi=
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Supa (''Amanita muscaria'') di Bruderwald, Bamberg, Jérman.
}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>102216</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708749</id>
      <parentid>707556</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T13:57:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-26045-96</username>
        <id>36613</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᮃᮘ᮪ᮓᮤ ᮙᮂ, ᮔᮥᮏᮥ ᮍᮨᮁᮏᮊᮩᮔᮿ ᮕᮔ᮪ᮎᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮊᮧᮜ ?</comment>
      <origin>708749</origin>
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      <text bytes="15050" sha1="6m7kem1n5ld35d8fp6hyqtkcsefs7nc" xml:space="preserve">penyunting

== &lt;big&gt;ᮞᮏᮛᮂ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;big&gt;ᮞᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ [[ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]] ᮊᮥᮔ, ᮊᮃᮓᮘᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮇᮌᮦ ᮊᮥᮀᮞᮤ ᮝᮔᮧᮂ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮞᮘᮘᮛᮠ ᮞᮤᮞ᮪ᮒᮤᮙ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ᮔ, ᮓᮤ ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮛᮔ:&lt;/big&gt;


{{ᮊᮔ᮪ᮏᮒ᮪}}

* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮜᮣᮝ]] ᮃᮒᮝ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮢ-ᮔᮌᮛᮤ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦ ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮔᮥᮜᮤᮞ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪ [[ᮘᮞ ᮞᮀᮞᮊᮨᮁᮒ]], ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦ ᮔᮨᮕᮤ ᮊ [[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-||᮷|]],&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮥᮔ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮒᮥᮛᮥᮔ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤᮔ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮜᮣᮝ.&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮎᮎᮛᮊᮔ᮪]] ᮃᮒᮝ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮏᮝ, ᮞᮎᮛ ᮅᮙᮥᮙ᮪ ᮙᮛᮨᮍᮔ᮪ ᮃᮞᮥᮕ᮪ᮔ [[ᮄᮞᮣᮙ᮪]] ᮏᮩᮀ ᮊᮃᮓᮘᮔ᮪ ᮏᮝ ᮊ [[ᮎᮤᮛᮨᮘᮧᮔ᮪]] ([[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-||᮱᮶|]]) ᮏᮩᮀ [[ᮕᮢᮤᮃᮍᮔ᮪]] (|[[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮷|]]),&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮨᮌᮧᮔ᮪]], ᮅᮒᮙᮔ ᮓᮤ ᮜᮤᮀᮊᮥᮍᮔ᮪ ᮕᮞᮔ᮪ᮒᮢᮦᮔ᮪, ᮊᮥ ᮃᮞᮥᮕ᮪ᮔ ᮃᮏᮛᮔ᮪ [[ᮄᮞᮣᮙ᮪]] ᮒᮤ ᮒᮒᮁ ᮃᮛᮘ᮪,&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮜᮒᮤᮔ᮪]], ᮙᮤᮙᮤᮒᮤ ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦ ᮃᮠᮤᮁ |[[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮹|]], ᮓᮤᮝᮔᮧᮂᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮕᮀᮏᮏᮂ ᮝᮜᮔ᮪ᮓ.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ᮞᮎᮛ ''ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮙᮤ'', ᮕᮙᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮒᮂ ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪ ᮍᮜᮤᮝᮒᮔ᮪ ᮕᮨᮁᮓ ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ |᮲᮰᮰᮳| ᮌᮩᮞ᮪ ᮍᮛᮧᮏᮧᮀ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮕᮊᮦᮅᮔ᮪ ᮞᮕᮧᮕᮧᮆ.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sundanet.com/?p=233 Dangiang Aksara Sunda], teuleuman [[filsafat]] [[Hidayat Suryalaga|Abah Surya]] ngeunaan aksara Sunda di Sundanét.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮛᮤᮞᮞᮤ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;big&gt;[[ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮛᮤᮞᮞᮤ]] ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮔᮜᮤᮊ ᮙᮨᮓᮁᮔ ᮕᮥᮘᮣᮤᮊᮞᮤ ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮙᮤ ᮍᮩᮔᮃᮔ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮒᮤ ᮕᮙᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮒᮂ [[ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪]]. ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ ᮙᮤᮙᮤᮒᮤ ᮑᮆᮒ &quot;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮊᮥᮃᮔ᮪&quot; ᮓᮤᮔ ᮝᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮇᮒ᮪ᮖ᮪.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ᮞᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤ ᮆᮒ, ᮓᮤᮔ ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ |᮲᮰᮰᮸| ᮌᮩᮞ᮪ ᮙᮨᮓᮜ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮅᮔᮤᮎᮧᮓᮨ ᮙᮩᮔᮀ ᮑᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮁᮔᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤᮔ ᮅᮔᮤᮎᮧᮓᮨ |᮲᮰᮰᮸| ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮞᮥᮞᮥᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮓᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮢᮨᮞ᮪ᮔ ᮔᮥᮌᮢᮠ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮊᮥᮞ᮪ᮔᮨᮒ᮪ (|᮲᮰᮰᮵|). ᮅᮔᮤᮎᮧᮓᮨ ᮒᮦᮂ ᮕᮢᮧᮞᮨᮞ᮪ ᮓᮤᮌᮤᮒᮜᮤᮞᮞᮤ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮘᮤᮞ ᮙᮔ᮪ᮒᮥᮃᮔ᮪ ᮊ ᮕᮙᮊᮦ ᮍᮨᮒᮤᮊ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮓᮤᮔ ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮁ, ᮞᮔᮏᮔ᮪ ᮎᮔ᮪ ᮘᮤᮞ ᮙᮎ ᮔᮞ᮪ᮊᮂ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮞᮎᮛ ᮇᮒᮧᮙᮒᮤᮞ᮪&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;Ruhaliah (2012).''Transliterasi, Edisi, dan  Terjemahan:Aksara Sunda Kuna, Buda, Cacarakan, dan Pegon''. Bandung: Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa Daerah UPI Bandung&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;/big&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮞᮥᮞᮥᮔᮔ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮓᮤᮝᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮞᮘᮘᮛᮠ ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮧᮔᮦᮔ᮪, ᮓᮤ ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮛᮔ:&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮍᮜᮌᮨᮔ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮗᮧᮊᮜ᮪ ᮙᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮛᮤ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮎ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮀᮊ&lt;/big&gt;

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ&lt;/big&gt; ===
[[Gambar:sundanese-vocals.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮃ}}&lt;/span&gt; = a&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮆ}}&lt;/span&gt; = é&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮄ}}&lt;/span&gt; = i&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮇ}}&lt;/span&gt; = o&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮅ}}&lt;/span&gt; = u&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮈ}}&lt;/span&gt; = e&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮉ}}&lt;/span&gt; = eu&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮻ}}&lt;/span&gt; = reu&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮼ}}&lt;/span&gt; = leu&lt;/big&gt;
|}

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮍᮜᮌᮨᮔ&lt;/big&gt; ===

[[File:sundanese-consonants.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮊ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ka&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮌ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ga&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮍ}}&lt;/span&gt; = nga&lt;/big&gt;||&lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮎ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ca&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮏ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ja&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮑ}}&lt;/span&gt; = nya&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮒ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ta&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮓ}}&lt;/span&gt; = da&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮔ}}&lt;/span&gt; = na&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮕ}}&lt;/span&gt; = pa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮘ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ba&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮙ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ma&lt;/big&gt;
|- 
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮚ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ya&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮛ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ra&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮜ}}&lt;/span&gt; = la&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮝ}}&lt;/span&gt; = wa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮞ}}&lt;/span&gt; = sa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮠ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ha&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮖ}}&lt;/span&gt; = fa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮋ}}&lt;/span&gt; = qa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮗ}}&lt;/span&gt; = va&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮟ}}&lt;/span&gt; = xa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮐ}}&lt;/span&gt; = za&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮮ}}&lt;/span&gt; = kha&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮯ}}&lt;/span&gt; = sya&lt;/big&gt;|| ||
|}

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪&lt;/big&gt; ===

&lt;big&gt;ᮓᮥᮙᮞᮁ ᮊᮔ ᮕᮒᮨᮙ᮪ᮕᮒᮔᮔ, |᮱᮴| ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤᮘᮌᮤ ᮏᮓᮤ:&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮠᮥᮁ = |᮵| ᮛᮥᮕ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮠᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ᮪ = |᮲| ᮛᮥᮕ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮏᮏᮁ = |᮶| ᮛᮥᮕ&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;ᮃ. ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮠᮥᮁ&lt;/big&gt;'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign panghulu.png|50px|link=]] || ''panghulu'', ngarobah vokal aksara ''Ngalagena'' tina {{IPA|[a]}} jadi {{IPA|[i]}}.
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign panghulu.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;ki&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign pamepet.png|50px|link=]] || ''pamepet'', ngarobah vokal aksara ''Ngalagena'' tina {{IPA|[a]}} jadi {{IPA|[ə]}}. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign pamepet.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;ke&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign paneuleung.png|50px|link=]] || ''paneuleung'', ngarobah vokal aksara ''Ngalagena'' tina {{IPA|[a]}} jadi {{IPA|[ɤ]}}. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign paneuleung.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;keu&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign panglayar.png|50px|link=]] || ''panglayar'', nambahan konsonan {{IPA|[r]}} dina tungtung engang. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign panglayar.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;kar&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign panyecek.png|50px|link=]] || ''panyecek'',  nambahan konsonan {{IPA|[ŋ]}} dina tungtung engang. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →  [[gambar:Sundanese sign panyecek.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;kang&lt;/big&gt;.
|}

'''&lt;big&gt;ᮘ᮪. ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮠᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ᮪&lt;/big&gt;'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮥ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''panyuku'',   ngarobah sora aksara Ngalagena /a/ jadi /u/. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮥ&lt;/span&gt; =   ku.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮢ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''panyakra'',   nyalusupkeun sora /+r/ kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮢ&lt;/span&gt; =   kra.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮣ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''panyiku'',   nyalusupkeun sora /+l/ kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮣ&lt;/span&gt; =   kla.
|-
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;᮰ᮬ&lt;/span&gt; || ''pamintel'', nyalusupkeun sora {{IPA|[m]}} kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna.
Conto :&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮬ&lt;/span&gt; =   kma.
|-
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;᮰ᮭ&lt;/span&gt; || ''papasangan'', nyalusupkeun sora {{IPA|[w]}} kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna.
Conto :&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮭ&lt;/span&gt; =   kwa.
|}

'''&lt;big&gt;ᮎ᮪. ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮏᮏᮁ&lt;/big&gt;'''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;

| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮦ°&lt;/span&gt; || ''panéléng'', modifies ''Ngalagena''   vowel /a/ jadi /é/. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮦ&lt;/span&gt; =   ké.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮧ&lt;/span&gt; ||   ''panolong'',   ngarobah sora aksara Ngalagena /a/ jadi /o/. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮧ&lt;/span&gt; =   ko.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮡ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''pamingkal'',   nyalusupkeun sora /+y/ kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮡ &lt;/span&gt; =   kya.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮂ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''pangwisad'',   nambahan sora /+h/ kana sora asalna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮂ&lt;/span&gt; =   kah.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°᮪&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''patén'' atawa ''pamaéh'', ngaleungitkeun sora /a/ aksara Ngalagena. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ᮪&lt;/span&gt; =   k.
|}

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮀᮊ&lt;/big&gt; ===

[[File:Sundanese-numbers.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮱}} = 1&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮲}} = 2&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮳}} = 3&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮴}} = 4&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮵}} = 5&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮶}} = 6&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮷}} = 7&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮸}} = 8&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮹}} = 9&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮰}} = 0&lt;/big&gt;
|}

&lt;big&gt;ᮓᮤᮔ ᮒᮥᮜᮤᮞᮔ᮪, ᮃᮀᮊ ᮓᮤᮝᮒᮨᮞᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮕᮤᮕ ᮃᮏᮨᮌ᮪  | ... |.&lt;br /&gt;
ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ: {{sund|&lt;nowiki&gt;|᮲᮰᮲᮳|&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} = 2023&lt;/big&gt;

[[ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]]

==&lt;big&gt;ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦᮔ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ&lt;/big&gt;==
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left&quot;&gt;
[[Gambar:Ladrang-sunda.png]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ᮜᮓᮢᮀ&lt;br /&gt;
ᮃᮚ ᮠᮤᮏᮤ ᮛᮥᮕ ᮞᮒᮧ ᮼᮒᮤᮊ᮪,&lt;br /&gt;
ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,&lt;br /&gt;
ᮞᮧᮊ᮪ ᮜᮥᮜᮥᮙ᮪ᮕᮒᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤ ᮎᮄ,&lt;br /&gt;
ᮃᮛᮤ ᮘᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮃᮛᮦᮊ᮪ ᮞᮛᮥᮕ ᮕᮤᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ᮎᮂ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮦᮖᮦᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮞᮤ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮒᮥᮙ᮪ᮘᮥ ᮜᮥᮃᮁ&lt;/big&gt; ==
* [http://aksara.sabilulungan.org/ Konvérsi Aksara Latin - Aksara Sunda, reujeung font aksara Sunda.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028175631/http://aksara.sabilulungan.org/ |date=2011-10-28 }}
* [http://sarwasunda.blogspot.com/2010/12/masangkeun-aksara-sunda-otomatis.html Masangkeun Otomatis (font installer) Aksara Sunda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508092135/http://sarwasunda.blogspot.com/2010/12/masangkeun-aksara-sunda-otomatis.html |date=2021-05-08 }}
* [http://www.kairaga.com/naskah-sunda/aksara Aksara Sunda Kuno]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Jenis aksara|state=show|state2=show}}
{{Sunda-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Unak-anik budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>708750</id>
      <parentid>708749</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T14:01:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NDG</username>
        <id>34625</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/~2026-26045-96|~2026-26045-96]] ([[User talk:~2026-26045-96|talk]]) to last version by InternetArchiveBot: unexplained content removal</comment>
      <origin>707556</origin>
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      <text bytes="16890" sha1="dxg7um2swmazvt3bikefwnr1xhqhl2i" xml:space="preserve">{{Haikal FK 1705/2|Aksara Sunda Baku}}{{Infobox Writing system
|name=ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮊᮥ
|type=Abugida
|time=ᮞᮊᮤᮒᮁ ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮷| ᮔᮨᮕᮤᮊ ᮃᮚᮩᮔ
|fam1=[[ᮃᮘ᮪ᮏᮓ᮪ ᮕᮢᮧᮒᮧ-ᮞᮤᮔᮄᮒᮤᮊ᮪]]
|fam2=[[ᮃᮘ᮪ᮏᮓ᮪ ᮖᮦᮔᮤᮞᮤᮃ]]
|fam3=[[ᮃᮘ᮪ᮏᮓ᮪ ᮃᮛᮙᮦᮃ]]
|fam4=[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮘᮢᮂᮙᮤ]]
|fam5=[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮜᮣᮝ]]
|fam6=[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮊᮝᮤ]]
|fam7=[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮥᮔ]]
|sisters=[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮘᮜᮤ|ᮘᮜᮤ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮞᮥᮛᮒ᮪ ᮘᮒᮊ᮪|ᮘᮒᮊ᮪]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮘᮚ᮪ᮘᮚᮤᮔ᮪]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮘᮥᮠᮤᮓ᮪|ᮘᮥᮠᮤᮓ᮪]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮠᮔᮥᮔᮧ'ᮇ|ᮠᮔᮥᮔᮧ'ᮇ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮜᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮛ|ᮜᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮛ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮥᮔ|ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮥᮔ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮎᮧᮀ|ᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮎᮧᮀ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮛᮨᮏᮀ|ᮛᮨᮏᮀ]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮒᮌ᮪ᮘᮔ᮪ᮝ|ᮒᮌ᮪ᮘᮔ᮪ᮝ]]&lt;br /&gt;
|languages=[[ᮘᮞ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ|ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]]
|unicode=[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B80.pdf U+1B80–U+1BBF]
|iso15924=Sund
|sample=Aksara Sunda dasar.svg
|sample_desc= ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮊᮧᮔ᮪ᮞᮧᮔᮔ᮪ ᮓᮞᮁ ᮓᮤᮔ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ. ᮊᮧᮔ᮪ᮞᮧᮔᮔ᮪ ᮃᮑᮁ ᮒᮩ ᮓᮤᮃᮞᮥᮕ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪.
|altname=Aksara Sunda Baku}}

{{Basa Sunda}}
[[Gambar:Aksarasunda-itenas.jpg|thumb|ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮔᮥᮜᮤᮞ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮍᮛᮔ᮪ ᮘᮍᮥᮔᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤ ᮞᮜᮂ ᮞᮠᮤᮏᮤ ᮕᮌᮥᮛᮧᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮠᮥᮁ ᮓᮤ ᮘᮔ᮪ᮓᮥᮀ.]]
&lt;big&gt;'''{{sund|ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ}}'''&lt;/big&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮞᮏᮛᮂ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;big&gt;ᮞᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ [[ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]] ᮊᮥᮔ, ᮊᮃᮓᮘᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮇᮌᮦ ᮊᮥᮀᮞᮤ ᮝᮔᮧᮂ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮞᮘᮘᮛᮠ ᮞᮤᮞ᮪ᮒᮤᮙ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ᮔ, ᮓᮤ ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮛᮔ:&lt;/big&gt;


{{ᮊᮔ᮪ᮏᮒ᮪}}

* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮜᮣᮝ]] ᮃᮒᮝ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮢ-ᮔᮌᮛᮤ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦ ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮔᮥᮜᮤᮞ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪ [[ᮘᮞ ᮞᮀᮞᮊᮨᮁᮒ]], ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦ ᮔᮨᮕᮤ ᮊ [[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-||᮷|]],&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮊᮥᮔ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮒᮥᮛᮥᮔ᮪ᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤᮔ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮜᮣᮝ.&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮎᮎᮛᮊᮔ᮪]] ᮃᮒᮝ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮏᮝ, ᮞᮎᮛ ᮅᮙᮥᮙ᮪ ᮙᮛᮨᮍᮔ᮪ ᮃᮞᮥᮕ᮪ᮔ [[ᮄᮞᮣᮙ᮪]] ᮏᮩᮀ ᮊᮃᮓᮘᮔ᮪ ᮏᮝ ᮊ [[ᮎᮤᮛᮨᮘᮧᮔ᮪]] ([[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-||᮱᮶|]]) ᮏᮩᮀ [[ᮕᮢᮤᮃᮍᮔ᮪]] (|[[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮷|]]),&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮨᮌᮧᮔ᮪]], ᮅᮒᮙᮔ ᮓᮤ ᮜᮤᮀᮊᮥᮍᮔ᮪ ᮕᮞᮔ᮪ᮒᮢᮦᮔ᮪, ᮊᮥ ᮃᮞᮥᮕ᮪ᮔ ᮃᮏᮛᮔ᮪ [[ᮄᮞᮣᮙ᮪]] ᮒᮤ ᮒᮒᮁ ᮃᮛᮘ᮪,&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;[[ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮜᮒᮤᮔ᮪]], ᮙᮤᮙᮤᮒᮤ ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦ ᮃᮠᮤᮁ |[[ᮃᮘᮓ᮪ ᮊ-|᮱᮹|]], ᮓᮤᮝᮔᮧᮂᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮕᮀᮏᮏᮂ ᮝᮜᮔ᮪ᮓ.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ᮞᮎᮛ ''ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮙᮤ'', ᮕᮙᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮒᮂ ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪ ᮍᮜᮤᮝᮒᮔ᮪ ᮕᮨᮁᮓ ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ |᮲᮰᮰᮳| ᮌᮩᮞ᮪ ᮍᮛᮧᮏᮧᮀ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮕᮤᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮕᮊᮦᮅᮔ᮪ ᮞᮕᮧᮕᮧᮆ.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sundanet.com/?p=233 Dangiang Aksara Sunda], teuleuman [[filsafat]] [[Hidayat Suryalaga|Abah Surya]] ngeunaan aksara Sunda di Sundanét.com&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮛᮤᮞᮞᮤ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;big&gt;[[ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮛᮤᮞᮞᮤ]] ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮔᮜᮤᮊ ᮙᮨᮓᮁᮔ ᮕᮥᮘᮣᮤᮊᮞᮤ ᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮙᮤ ᮍᮩᮔᮃᮔ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮒᮤ ᮕᮙᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮒᮂ [[ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪]]. ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ ᮙᮤᮙᮤᮒᮤ ᮑᮆᮒ &quot;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮕᮊᮥᮃᮔ᮪&quot; ᮓᮤᮔ ᮝᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮇᮒ᮪ᮖ᮪.&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ᮞᮜᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤ ᮆᮒ, ᮓᮤᮔ ᮒᮅᮔ᮪ |᮲᮰᮰᮸| ᮌᮩᮞ᮪ ᮙᮨᮓᮜ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮅᮔᮤᮎᮧᮓᮨ ᮙᮩᮔᮀ ᮑᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮁᮔᮊᮩᮔ᮪ ᮒᮤᮔ ᮅᮔᮤᮎᮧᮓᮨ |᮲᮰᮰᮸| ᮃᮔᮥ ᮓᮤᮞᮥᮞᮥᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮓᮤᮃᮔ᮪ ᮒᮢᮨᮞ᮪ᮔ ᮔᮥᮌᮢᮠ ᮏᮩᮀ ᮊᮥᮞ᮪ᮔᮨᮒ᮪ (|᮲᮰᮰᮵|). ᮅᮔᮤᮎᮧᮓᮨ ᮒᮦᮂ ᮕᮢᮧᮞᮨᮞ᮪ ᮓᮤᮌᮤᮒᮜᮤᮞᮞᮤ ᮃᮔᮥ ᮘᮤᮞ ᮙᮔ᮪ᮒᮥᮃᮔ᮪ ᮊ ᮕᮙᮊᮦ ᮍᮨᮒᮤᮊ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮓᮤᮔ ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮥᮒᮨᮁ, ᮞᮔᮏᮔ᮪ ᮎᮔ᮪ ᮘᮤᮞ ᮙᮎ ᮔᮞ᮪ᮊᮂ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮞᮎᮛ ᮇᮒᮧᮙᮒᮤᮞ᮪&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;Ruhaliah (2012).''Transliterasi, Edisi, dan  Terjemahan:Aksara Sunda Kuna, Buda, Cacarakan, dan Pegon''. Bandung: Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa Daerah UPI Bandung&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;/big&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮞᮥᮞᮥᮔᮔ᮪ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮓᮤᮝᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮞᮘᮘᮛᮠ ᮊᮧᮙ᮪ᮕᮧᮔᮦᮔ᮪, ᮓᮤ ᮃᮔ᮪ᮒᮛᮔ:&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮍᮜᮌᮨᮔ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮗᮧᮊᮜ᮪ ᮙᮔ᮪ᮓᮤᮛᮤ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮘᮎ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮀᮊ&lt;/big&gt;

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞ᮪ᮝᮛ&lt;/big&gt; ===
[[Gambar:sundanese-vocals.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮃ}}&lt;/span&gt; = a&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮆ}}&lt;/span&gt; = é&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮄ}}&lt;/span&gt; = i&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮇ}}&lt;/span&gt; = o&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮅ}}&lt;/span&gt; = u&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮈ}}&lt;/span&gt; = e&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮉ}}&lt;/span&gt; = eu&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮻ}}&lt;/span&gt; = reu&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮼ}}&lt;/span&gt; = leu&lt;/big&gt;
|}

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮍᮜᮌᮨᮔ&lt;/big&gt; ===

[[File:sundanese-consonants.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮊ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ka&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮌ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ga&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮍ}}&lt;/span&gt; = nga&lt;/big&gt;||&lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮎ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ca&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮏ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ja&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮑ}}&lt;/span&gt; = nya&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮒ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ta&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮓ}}&lt;/span&gt; = da&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮔ}}&lt;/span&gt; = na&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮕ}}&lt;/span&gt; = pa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮘ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ba&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮙ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ma&lt;/big&gt;
|- 
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮚ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ya&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮛ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ra&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮜ}}&lt;/span&gt; = la&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮝ}}&lt;/span&gt; = wa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮞ}}&lt;/span&gt; = sa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮠ}}&lt;/span&gt; = ha&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮖ}}&lt;/span&gt; = fa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮋ}}&lt;/span&gt; = qa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮗ}}&lt;/span&gt; = va&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮟ}}&lt;/span&gt; = xa&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮐ}}&lt;/span&gt; = za&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮮ}}&lt;/span&gt; = kha&lt;/big&gt;|| &lt;big&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;{{sund|ᮯ}}&lt;/span&gt; = sya&lt;/big&gt;|| ||
|}

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪&lt;/big&gt; ===

&lt;big&gt;ᮓᮥᮙᮞᮁ ᮊᮔ ᮕᮒᮨᮙ᮪ᮕᮒᮔᮔ, |᮱᮴| ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤᮘᮌᮤ ᮏᮓᮤ:&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮠᮥᮁ = |᮵| ᮛᮥᮕ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮠᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ᮪ = |᮲| ᮛᮥᮕ&lt;/big&gt;
* &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮏᮏᮁ = |᮶| ᮛᮥᮕ&lt;/big&gt;

'''&lt;big&gt;ᮃ. ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮥᮠᮥᮁ&lt;/big&gt;'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign panghulu.png|50px|link=]] || ''panghulu'', ngarobah vokal aksara ''Ngalagena'' tina {{IPA|[a]}} jadi {{IPA|[i]}}.
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign panghulu.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;ki&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign pamepet.png|50px|link=]] || ''pamepet'', ngarobah vokal aksara ''Ngalagena'' tina {{IPA|[a]}} jadi {{IPA|[ə]}}. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign pamepet.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;ke&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign paneuleung.png|50px|link=]] || ''paneuleung'', ngarobah vokal aksara ''Ngalagena'' tina {{IPA|[a]}} jadi {{IPA|[ɤ]}}. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign paneuleung.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;keu&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign panglayar.png|50px|link=]] || ''panglayar'', nambahan konsonan {{IPA|[r]}} dina tungtung engang. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →   [[gambar:Sundanese sign panglayar.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;kar&lt;/big&gt;.
|-
| [[gambar:Sundanese sign panyecek.png|50px|link=]] || ''panyecek'',  nambahan konsonan {{IPA|[ŋ]}} dina tungtung engang. 
conto: [[gambar:Sunda Ka.png|30px|link=]] = &lt;big&gt;ka&lt;/big&gt; →  [[gambar:Sundanese sign panyecek.png|50px|link=]] =   &lt;big&gt;kang&lt;/big&gt;.
|}

'''&lt;big&gt;ᮘ᮪. ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮠᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ᮪&lt;/big&gt;'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮥ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''panyuku'',   ngarobah sora aksara Ngalagena /a/ jadi /u/. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮥ&lt;/span&gt; =   ku.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮢ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''panyakra'',   nyalusupkeun sora /+r/ kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮢ&lt;/span&gt; =   kra.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮣ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''panyiku'',   nyalusupkeun sora /+l/ kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮣ&lt;/span&gt; =   kla.
|-
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;᮰ᮬ&lt;/span&gt; || ''pamintel'', nyalusupkeun sora {{IPA|[m]}} kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna.
Conto :&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮬ&lt;/span&gt; =   kma.
|-
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;᮰ᮭ&lt;/span&gt; || ''papasangan'', nyalusupkeun sora {{IPA|[w]}} kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna.
Conto :&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮭ&lt;/span&gt; =   kwa.
|}

'''&lt;big&gt;ᮎ᮪. ᮛᮛᮀᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮏᮏᮁ&lt;/big&gt;'''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;

| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮦ°&lt;/span&gt; || ''panéléng'', modifies ''Ngalagena''   vowel /a/ jadi /é/. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮦ&lt;/span&gt; =   ké.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮧ&lt;/span&gt; ||   ''panolong'',   ngarobah sora aksara Ngalagena /a/ jadi /o/. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮧ&lt;/span&gt; =   ko.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮡ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''pamingkal'',   nyalusupkeun sora /+y/ kana sora asalna. Sora panungtung bisa dirobah ku rarangkén séjénna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮡ &lt;/span&gt; =   kya.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°ᮂ&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''pangwisad'',   nambahan sora /+h/ kana sora asalna. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊᮂ&lt;/span&gt; =   kah.
|-
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;°᮪&lt;/span&gt; ||  ''patén'' atawa ''pamaéh'', ngaleungitkeun sora /a/ aksara Ngalagena. 
Conto: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ&lt;/span&gt; = ka →   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:2em;font-family:'Sundanese Unicode';&quot;&gt;ᮊ᮪&lt;/span&gt; =   k.
|}

=== &lt;big&gt;ᮃᮀᮊ&lt;/big&gt; ===

[[File:Sundanese-numbers.svg|thumb|Répréséntasi grafis]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮱}} = 1&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮲}} = 2&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮳}} = 3&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮴}} = 4&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮵}} = 5&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮶}} = 6&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮷}} = 7&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮸}} = 8&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮹}} = 9&lt;/big&gt;
| &lt;big&gt;{{sund|᮰}} = 0&lt;/big&gt;
|}

&lt;big&gt;ᮓᮤᮔ ᮒᮥᮜᮤᮞᮔ᮪, ᮃᮀᮊ ᮓᮤᮝᮒᮨᮞᮔ᮪ ᮊᮥ ᮒᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮕᮤᮕ ᮃᮏᮨᮌ᮪  | ... |.&lt;br /&gt;
ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ: {{sund|&lt;nowiki&gt;|᮲᮰᮲᮳|&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} = 2023&lt;/big&gt;

[[ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]]

==&lt;big&gt;ᮎᮧᮔ᮪ᮒᮧ ᮓᮤᮕᮊᮦᮔ ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ&lt;/big&gt;==
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left&quot;&gt;
[[Gambar:Ladrang-sunda.png]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ᮜᮓᮢᮀ&lt;br /&gt;
ᮃᮚ ᮠᮤᮏᮤ ᮛᮥᮕ ᮞᮒᮧ ᮼᮒᮤᮊ᮪,&lt;br /&gt;
ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,ᮆᮀᮊᮀ-ᮆᮀᮊᮀ,&lt;br /&gt;
ᮞᮧᮊ᮪ ᮜᮥᮜᮥᮙ᮪ᮕᮒᮔ᮪ ᮓᮤ ᮎᮄ,&lt;br /&gt;
ᮃᮛᮤ ᮘᮍᮥᮔ᮪ ᮃᮛᮦᮊ᮪ ᮞᮛᮥᮕ ᮕᮤᮊᮦᮔ᮪ ᮜᮔ᮪ᮎᮂ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮛᮦᮖᮦᮛᮦᮔ᮪ᮞᮤ&lt;/big&gt; ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== &lt;big&gt;ᮒᮥᮙ᮪ᮘᮥ ᮜᮥᮃᮁ&lt;/big&gt; ==
* [http://aksara.sabilulungan.org/ Konvérsi Aksara Latin - Aksara Sunda, reujeung font aksara Sunda.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028175631/http://aksara.sabilulungan.org/ |date=2011-10-28 }}
* [http://sarwasunda.blogspot.com/2010/12/masangkeun-aksara-sunda-otomatis.html Masangkeun Otomatis (font installer) Aksara Sunda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508092135/http://sarwasunda.blogspot.com/2010/12/masangkeun-aksara-sunda-otomatis.html |date=2021-05-08 }}
* [http://www.kairaga.com/naskah-sunda/aksara Aksara Sunda Kuno]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Jenis aksara|state=show|state2=show}}
{{Sunda-pondok}}

[[Kategori:Unak-anik budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:ᮃᮊ᮪ᮞᮛ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ]]</text>
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      <comment>Steenth mindahkeun kaca [[Wikipédia:Taros kami]] ka [[Wikipedia:Taros kami]]: correct namespace</comment>
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Hatur nuhun pikeun kersa ngahubungan kami, sateuacanna kami bakal ngajelaskeun hal-hal ieu:

# Wikipédia mangrupa ''énsiklopédia bébas'', kontribusi asalna ti relawan gawé babarengan. Sadaya artikel sareng éditan sanés tanggung jawab [[wmf:Home|Wikimedia Foundation]] (organisasi anu ngoperasikeun situs ieu) atanapi stafna, sareng artikel sareng éditan henteu dilakukeun dumasar kana email atanapi pamundut ti pihak-pihak anu tangtu.
# Sanaos Wikipedia diciptakeun ku [[Jimmy Wales]], Jimmy Wales henteu tanggung jawab sacara pribadi pikeun eusi anu diterbitkeun dina Wikipedia.
# Upami anjeun gaduh patarosan ngeunaan konsép Wikipedia tinimbang masalah khusus, mangga buka [[Wikipedia:Ngeunaan|kaca ngeunaan Wikipedia]].

Halaman ieu diciptakeun pikeun ngarahkeun anjeun ngahubungi kami atanapi ngabéréskeun masalah. Lamun tetep teu mantuan, mangga ngirim surelek ka &lt;code&gt;info{{@}}wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;.</text>
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    <title>Kangker kulit</title>
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      <text bytes="8551" sha1="gegaxlwoujox1v6lwg1d4u9zxug0dd4" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Basal cell carcinoma.jpg|jmpl|Gambaran kangker kulit]]
'''Kangker kulit''' nyaéta kaayaan tumuwuhna sél-sél dina kulit anu teu normal. Panyababna rupa-rupa, kitu deui tingkat parahna ogé béda-béda. Kangker kulit paling ilahar kapanggih dina lapisan [[sél skuamosa]], basal, jeung mélanosit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/penyakit/kanker-kulit|title=Kanker Kulit|website=ayosehat.kemkes.go.id|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biasana, kangker ieu tumuwuh dina [[épidermis]] (lapisan pangluarna kulit), ku kituna tumor atawa benjolanana bisa katingali ti luar. Ku sabab kitu, gejalana kaasup anu paling gampang katingali ti mimiti tahapan awal. Salian ti éta, kangker kulit ogé kaasup jinis kangker anu résiko maotna leuwih leutik, lantaran biasana hésé nyebar nepi ka organ-organ vital saperti [[jantung]], [[paru-paru]], [[Kabubuahan|ginjal]], jeung batang otak dina awak manusa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alodokter.com/kanker-kulit|title=Kanker Kulit|website=Alodokter|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rspondokindah.co.id/id/news/kanker-kulit-penyebab-gejala-penanganan|title=Kanker Kulit: Gejala, Penyebab, dan Penanganan {{!}} RS Pondok Indah|website=www.rspondokindah.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iccc.id/sekilas-kanker-kulit|title=Sekilas Kanker Kulit|website=iccc.id|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Leuwih ti 90% kasus disababkeun ku paparan radiasi [[ultraviolét]] ti [[panonpoé]]. Paparan ieu ningkatkeun résiko tina tilu jenis utama kangker kulit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-29-no-1-2008/supplement/ultraviolet-radiation.html|title=Ultraviolet radiation|last=Canada|first=Service|website=www.canada.ca|doi=10.24095/hpcdp.29.S1.04|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paparan siga kieu terus ningkat ti mimiti jaman [[révolusi industri]], sabagian mah gara-gara [[Ozon|lapisan ozon]] nu mimiti ipis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cakir|first=Burak Ömür|last2=Adamson|first2=Peter|last3=Cingi|first3=Cemal|date=2012-11-01|title=Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064740612000818|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America|series=Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck|volume=20|issue=4|pages=419–422|doi=10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004|issn=1064-7406}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Maverakis|first=Emanual|last2=Miyamura|first2=Yoshinori|last3=Bowen|first3=Michael P.|last4=Correa|first4=Genevieve|last5=Ono|first5=Yoko|last6=Goodarzi|first6=Heidi|date=2010-05|title=Light, including ultraviolet|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835849/|journal=Journal of Autoimmunity|volume=34|issue=3|pages=J247–257|doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.011|issn=1095-9157|pmc=2835849|pmid=20018479}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alat paranti moé awak (''tanning beds'') ogé jadi sumber séjén radiasi ultraviolét.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Pikeun kangker mélanoma jeung sél basal, kakeunaan paparan waktu keur leutik téh bahaya pisan. Ari keur kangker kulit sél skuamosa mah, total paparan (teu paduli iraha kajadianana) jauh leuwih mangaruhan. Sakitar 20% nepi ka 30% mélanoma tumuwuh tina tahi laleur. Jalma nu kulitna caang boga résiko leuwih luhur,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-treatment-pdq|title=Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Epidemiology of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer—The Role of Sunlight|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8|publisher=Springer|date=2008|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-387-77574-6|pages=89–103|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8|language=en|first=Ulrike|last=Leiter|first2=Claus|last2=Garbe|editor-first=Jörg|editor-last=Reichrath}}&lt;/ref&gt; kitu ogé jalma nu sistem imunna lemah gara-gara ubar atawa HIV/AIDS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Chiao|first=Elizabeth Y.|last2=Krown|first2=Susan E.|date=2003-09|title=Update on non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–defining malignancies:|url=http://journals.lww.com/00001622-200309000-00008|journal=Current Opinion in Oncology|language=en|volume=15|issue=5|pages=389–397|doi=10.1097/00001622-200309000-00008|issn=1040-8746}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cara nangtukeun diagnosana nyaéta ku jalan [[biopsi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq|title=Melanoma Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngurangan paparan radiasi ultraviolét jeung maké ''sunscreen'' (tabir surya) kabuktian ampuh pikeun nyegah mélanoma jeung kangker kulit sél skuamosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jou|first=Paul C.|last2=Feldman|first2=Ron J.|last3=Tomecki|first3=Kenneth J.|date=2012-06-01|title=UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients|url=https://www.ccjm.org/content/79/6/427|journal=Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=79|issue=6|pages=427–436|doi=10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110|issn=0891-1150|pmid=22660875}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tapi, can jelas naha ''sunscreen'' téh mangaruhan résiko kangker sél basal atawa henteu. Kangker kulit nu lain mélanoma biasana bisa dicageurkeun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tambana mah umumna ku cara dibedah (operasi), tapi sakali-kali bisa ogé maké térapi radiasi atawa ubar olés siga ''fluorouracil''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tamba keur mélanoma mah biasana kombinasi antara dibedah, [[kémotérapi]], térapi radiasi, jeung térapi targét.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq|title=Melanoma Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Keur pasén nu panyakitna geus sumebar ka bagian awak séjén, perawatan paliatif bisa dipaké pikeun ngaronjatkeun kualitas hirupna. Mélanoma kaasup salah sahiji jenis kangker nu tingkat kasalametanana luhur; leuwih ti 86% urang [[Inggris]] jeung 90% urang [[Amérika (buana)|Amérika]] bisa tahan hirup leuwih ti 5 taun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html|title=Melanoma of the Skin - Cancer Stat Facts|website=SEER|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-239726|title=Release: Cancer Survival Rates, Cancer Survival in England, Patients Diagnosed 2005–2009 and Followed up to 2010&quot;|last=ONS|website=www.ons.gov.uk|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Patofisiologi ==
Tumor épitél ganas anu utamana asalna tina épidermis, dina mukosa skuamosa atawa dina daérah métaplasia skuamosa disebut minangka karsinoma sél skuamosa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pathologyatlas.ro/squamous-cell-carcinoma-skin.php|title=Squamous cell carcinoma (skin)|website=www.pathologyatlas.ro|accessdate=2026-04-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacara makroskopis, tumor biasana katingali nonjol, kawas jamur (fungating), atawa bisa ogé aya luka (ulkus) kalayan wates anu henteu rata. Sacara mikroskopis, sél tumor ngaruksak mémbran dasar sarta ngabentuk lapisan atawa massa padet anu nyerang jaringan panyambung di handapeunna (dermis). Dina karsinoma anu diferensiasina hadé, sél tumor sipatna pleomorfik/atipik, tapi masih mirip jeung keratinosit normal tina lapisan prickle (gedé, bentukna poligonal, miboga sitoplasma eosinofilik (warna pink) anu loba sarta inti di tengah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Susunanana condong sarupa jeung épidermis normal: sél anu masih ngora/basal aya di bagian pinggir, tuluy beuki asak ka arah tengah massa tumor. Sél tumor robah jadi sél skuamosa anu ngakeratin sarta ngabentuk nodul buleud kalayan lapisan konsentris (berlapis), anu disebut “sarang sél” atawa “mutiara épitél/keratin”. Stroma di sabudeureunna ngurangan sarta ngandung infiltrasi radang (limfosit). Karsinoma skuamosa anu diferensiasina goréng ngandung leuwih loba sél pleomorfik sarta teu ngabentuk keratin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Salah sahiji faktor molekular anu aub dina prosés panyakit ieu nyaéta mutasi dina gén PTCH1 anu miboga peran penting dina jalur sinyal Sonic hedgehog.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kormi|first=Seyed Mohammad Amin|last2=Ardehkhani|first2=Shima|date=2017-03-29|title=Non-melanoma Skin Cancer: Mini Review|url=http://thecancerpress.com/index.php/cp/article/view/40|journal=The Cancer Press|volume=3|issue=1|pages=17|doi=10.15562/tcp.40|issn=2476-3748}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Référénsi ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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      <text bytes="10653" sha1="ef8yaqbbjuc5sdiktmv9i62y94m15t4" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Basal cell carcinoma.jpg|jmpl|Gambaran kangker kulit]]
'''Kangker kulit''' nyaéta kaayaan tumuwuhna sél-sél dina kulit anu teu normal. Panyababna rupa-rupa, kitu deui tingkat parahna ogé béda-béda. Kangker kulit paling ilahar kapanggih dina lapisan [[sél skuamosa]], basal, jeung mélanosit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/penyakit/kanker-kulit|title=Kanker Kulit|website=ayosehat.kemkes.go.id|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biasana, kangker ieu tumuwuh dina [[épidermis]] (lapisan pangluarna kulit), ku kituna tumor atawa benjolanana bisa katingali ti luar. Ku sabab kitu, gejalana kaasup anu paling gampang katingali ti mimiti tahapan awal. Salian ti éta, kangker kulit ogé kaasup jinis kangker anu résiko maotna leuwih leutik, lantaran biasana hésé nyebar nepi ka organ-organ vital saperti [[jantung]], [[paru-paru]], [[Kabubuahan|ginjal]], jeung batang otak dina awak manusa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alodokter.com/kanker-kulit|title=Kanker Kulit|website=Alodokter|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rspondokindah.co.id/id/news/kanker-kulit-penyebab-gejala-penanganan|title=Kanker Kulit: Gejala, Penyebab, dan Penanganan {{!}} RS Pondok Indah|website=www.rspondokindah.co.id|language=id|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iccc.id/sekilas-kanker-kulit|title=Sekilas Kanker Kulit|website=iccc.id|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Leuwih ti 90% kasus disababkeun ku paparan radiasi [[ultraviolét]] ti [[panonpoé]]. Paparan ieu ningkatkeun résiko tina tilu jenis utama kangker kulit.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/health-promotion-chronic-disease-prevention-canada-research-policy-practice/vol-29-no-1-2008/supplement/ultraviolet-radiation.html|title=Ultraviolet radiation|last=Canada|first=Service|website=www.canada.ca|doi=10.24095/hpcdp.29.S1.04|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paparan siga kieu terus ningkat ti mimiti jaman [[révolusi industri]], sabagian mah gara-gara [[Ozon|lapisan ozon]] nu mimiti ipis.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cakir|first=Burak Ömür|last2=Adamson|first2=Peter|last3=Cingi|first3=Cemal|date=2012-11-01|title=Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064740612000818|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America|series=Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer of the Head and Neck|volume=20|issue=4|pages=419–422|doi=10.1016/j.fsc.2012.07.004|issn=1064-7406}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Maverakis|first=Emanual|last2=Miyamura|first2=Yoshinori|last3=Bowen|first3=Michael P.|last4=Correa|first4=Genevieve|last5=Ono|first5=Yoko|last6=Goodarzi|first6=Heidi|date=2010-05|title=Light, including ultraviolet|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2835849/|journal=Journal of Autoimmunity|volume=34|issue=3|pages=J247–257|doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.011|issn=1095-9157|pmc=2835849|pmid=20018479}}&lt;/ref&gt; Alat paranti moé awak (''tanning beds'') ogé jadi sumber séjén radiasi ultraviolét.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Pikeun kangker mélanoma jeung sél basal, kakeunaan paparan waktu keur leutik téh bahaya pisan. Ari keur kangker kulit sél skuamosa mah, total paparan (teu paduli iraha kajadianana) jauh leuwih mangaruhan. Sakitar 20% nepi ka 30% mélanoma tumuwuh tina tahi laleur. Jalma nu kulitna caang boga résiko leuwih luhur,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/skin-treatment-pdq|title=Skin Cancer Treatment (PDQ®) - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Epidemiology of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer—The Role of Sunlight|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8|publisher=Springer|date=2008|location=New York, NY|isbn=978-0-387-77574-6|pages=89–103|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-77574-6_8|language=en|first=Ulrike|last=Leiter|first2=Claus|last2=Garbe|editor-first=Jörg|editor-last=Reichrath}}&lt;/ref&gt; kitu ogé jalma nu sistem imunna lemah gara-gara ubar atawa HIV/AIDS.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Chiao|first=Elizabeth Y.|last2=Krown|first2=Susan E.|date=2003-09|title=Update on non–acquired immunodeficiency syndrome–defining malignancies:|url=http://journals.lww.com/00001622-200309000-00008|journal=Current Opinion in Oncology|language=en|volume=15|issue=5|pages=389–397|doi=10.1097/00001622-200309000-00008|issn=1040-8746}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cara nangtukeun diagnosana nyaéta ku jalan [[biopsi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq|title=Melanoma Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngurangan paparan radiasi ultraviolét jeung maké ''sunscreen'' (tabir surya) kabuktian ampuh pikeun nyegah mélanoma jeung kangker kulit sél skuamosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jou|first=Paul C.|last2=Feldman|first2=Ron J.|last3=Tomecki|first3=Kenneth J.|date=2012-06-01|title=UV protection and sunscreens: What to tell patients|url=https://www.ccjm.org/content/79/6/427|journal=Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=79|issue=6|pages=427–436|doi=10.3949/ccjm.79a.11110|issn=0891-1150|pmid=22660875}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tapi, can jelas naha ''sunscreen'' téh mangaruhan résiko kangker sél basal atawa henteu. Kangker kulit nu lain mélanoma biasana bisa dicageurkeun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Tambana mah umumna ku cara dibedah (operasi), tapi sakali-kali bisa ogé maké térapi radiasi atawa ubar olés siga ''fluorouracil''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Tamba keur mélanoma mah biasana kombinasi antara dibedah, [[kémotérapi]], térapi radiasi, jeung térapi targét.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/patient/melanoma-treatment-pdq|title=Melanoma Treatment - NCI|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Keur pasén nu panyakitna geus sumebar ka bagian awak séjén, perawatan paliatif bisa dipaké pikeun ngaronjatkeun kualitas hirupna. Mélanoma kaasup salah sahiji jenis kangker nu tingkat kasalametanana luhur; leuwih ti 86% urang [[Inggris]] jeung 90% urang [[Amérika (buana)|Amérika]] bisa tahan hirup leuwih ti 5 taun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html|title=Melanoma of the Skin - Cancer Stat Facts|website=SEER|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-239726|title=Release: Cancer Survival Rates, Cancer Survival in England, Patients Diagnosed 2005–2009 and Followed up to 2010&quot;|last=ONS|website=www.ons.gov.uk|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kangker kulit téh mangrupa jenis kangker nu pangumumna di dunya, jumlahna saeutikna aya 40% tina sakabéh kasus kangker.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Dubas|first=Lauren E.|last2=Ingraffea|first2=Adam|date=2013-02-01|title=Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1064740612001447|journal=Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America|series=Facial Skin: Contemporary Topics for the Surgeon|volume=21|issue=1|pages=43–53|doi=10.1016/j.fsc.2012.10.003|issn=1064-7406}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Jenis nu panglobana nyaéta kangker kulit sanés mélanoma, nu narajang sakitar 2–3 juta urang unggal taun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-ultraviolet-(uv)-radiation-and-skin-cancer|title=Radiation: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and skin cancer|website=www.who.int|language=en|accessdate=2026-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu téh ukur itungan kasar, da can aya statistik nu bener-bener pas. Tina kangker kulit sanés mélanoma, sakitar 80% mangrupa kangker sél basal jeung 20% kangker kulit sél skuamosa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=ABC of Skin Cancer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRE_YuXmaFoC&amp;pg=PA5|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|date=2009-04-15|isbn=978-1-4443-1250-8|language=en|first=Sajjad|last=Rajpar|first2=Jerry|last2=Marsden}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kangker sél basal jeung sél skuamosa mah jarang nepi ka maot. Di [[Amérika Sarikat]], jumlahna kurang ti 0,1% tina sakabéh angka nu maot ku kangker. Sacara global dina taun 2012, mélanoma narajang 232.000 urang jeung ngakibatkeun 55.000 urang maot. Jalma kulit bodas di [[Australia]], [[Selandia Anyar]], jeung [[Afrika Kidul]] boga angka mélanoma pangluhurna di dunya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Epidemiology of Chronic Disease: Global Perspectives|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJLEIvX4wzoC&amp;pg=PA271|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Publishers|date=2013|isbn=978-0-7637-8047-0|language=en|first=Randall E.|last=Harris}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tilu jenis utama kangker kulit ieu beuki loba kapanggih ti saprak tungtung abad ka-20, utamana di wewengkon nu pangeusina loba kulit bodas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Patofisiologi ==
Tumor épitél ganas anu utamana asalna tina épidermis, dina mukosa skuamosa atawa dina daérah métaplasia skuamosa disebut minangka karsinoma sél skuamosa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pathologyatlas.ro/squamous-cell-carcinoma-skin.php|title=Squamous cell carcinoma (skin)|website=www.pathologyatlas.ro|accessdate=2026-04-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacara makroskopis, tumor biasana katingali nonjol, kawas jamur (fungating), atawa bisa ogé aya luka (ulkus) kalayan wates anu henteu rata. Sacara mikroskopis, sél tumor ngaruksak mémbran dasar sarta ngabentuk lapisan atawa massa padet anu nyerang jaringan panyambung di handapeunna (dermis). Dina karsinoma anu diferensiasina hadé, sél tumor sipatna pleomorfik/atipik, tapi masih mirip jeung keratinosit normal tina lapisan prickle (gedé, bentukna poligonal, miboga sitoplasma eosinofilik (warna pink) anu loba sarta inti di tengah).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Susunanana condong sarupa jeung épidermis normal: sél anu masih ngora/basal aya di bagian pinggir, tuluy beuki asak ka arah tengah massa tumor. Sél tumor robah jadi sél skuamosa anu ngakeratin sarta ngabentuk nodul buleud kalayan lapisan konsentris (berlapis), anu disebut “sarang sél” atawa “mutiara épitél/keratin”. Stroma di sabudeureunna ngurangan sarta ngandung infiltrasi radang (limfosit). Karsinoma skuamosa anu diferensiasina goréng ngandung leuwih loba sél pleomorfik sarta teu ngabentuk keratin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Salah sahiji faktor molekular anu aub dina prosés panyakit ieu nyaéta mutasi dina gén PTCH1 anu miboga peran penting dina jalur sinyal Sonic hedgehog.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kormi|first=Seyed Mohammad Amin|last2=Ardehkhani|first2=Shima|date=2017-03-29|title=Non-melanoma Skin Cancer: Mini Review|url=http://thecancerpress.com/index.php/cp/article/view/40|journal=The Cancer Press|volume=3|issue=1|pages=17|doi=10.15562/tcp.40|issn=2476-3748}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Référénsi ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Tahiyat</title>
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|+ style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:0.2em;&quot; | Tahiyat
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [[file:PRAYER.jpg|250px|Posisi diuk tahiyat]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Posisi diuk tasyahud/tahiyat dina solat&lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Jinis rukun
| [[Rukun Qauli]] &amp; [[Rukun Fi'li]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Runtuyan ka
| 10 (Awal) &amp; 11-12 (Akhir)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Dalil Al-Qur'an
| [[An-Nisa]]: 103 (Umum)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Dalil Hadis
| Bukhari No. 831, Muslim No. 402
|}

== Tahiyat ==

'''Tahiyat''' atanapi '''Tasyahud''' (Basa Arab: تَشَهُّد) nyaéta salah sahiji rukun [[solat]] anu ngawengku bacaan (qauli) sarta posisi diuk (fi'li). Tahiyat kabagi dua, nyaéta Tahiyat Awal (sunah ab'ad) sarta Tahiyat Akhir anu janten salah sahiji rukun sahna solat.

=== Bacaan Tahiyat Lengkep ===

Ieu di handap nyaéta bacaan tahiyat (tasyahud) anu lengkep dugi ka sholawat Ibrahimiyah:

==== 1. Bacaan Tasyahud ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;
التَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
''&quot;Sagala [[Kahormatan|kahormatan]], [[kaberkahan]], [[Kabagjaan|kabagjaan]] sarta [[Kasaéan|kasaéan]] téh kagungan Allah. Kasalametan, [[Rahmat|rahmat]] Allah sarta barakah-Na muga tetep kasanggakeun ka anjeun wahai Nabi. Kasalametan muga tetep ka urang sadaya sarta ka hamba-hamba Allah anu shaleh. Kula nyaksi yén euweuh deui Pangéran salian ti Allah, sarta kula nyaksi yén Muhammad téh utusan Allah.&quot;''

==== 2. Sholawat Ibrahimiyah (Wajib dina Tahiyat Akhir) ====
&lt;blockquote&gt;
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِّ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِّ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فِي الْعَالَمِينَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
''&quot;Nun Gusti Allah, mugia maparin rahmat ka Nabi Muhammad sareng ka kulawarga Nabi Muhammad, sakumaha Anjeun parantos maparin rahmat ka Nabi Ibrahim sareng ka kulawarga Nabi Ibrahim. Sareng mugia Anjeun maparin kaberkahan ka Nabi Muhammad sareng ka kulawarga Nabi Muhammad, sakumaha Anjeun parantos maparin kaberkahan ka Nabi Ibrahim sareng ka kulawarga Nabi Ibrahim. Di sakuliah alam dunya, saéstuna Anjeun téh Maha Pinuji tur Maha Mulya.&quot;''

==== 3. Doa Sabada Tahiyat (Sunah) ====
Sateuacan salam, disunahkeun maos doa panyalindungan tina opat fitnah:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
''&quot;Nun Gusti Allah, abdi nyalindung ka Anjeun tina siksa naraka Jahanam, tina siksa kubur, tina fitnah kahirupan jeung tamanan (paéh), sarta tina jahatna fitnah Al-Masih Ad-Dajjal.&quot;''&lt;ref&gt;''Shahih Muslim'', No. 588.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Referensi ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Solat]]
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  <page>
    <title>Kahormatan</title>
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      <text bytes="3177" sha1="ibv374yl4pbk87vdje63iso6yjmx16p" xml:space="preserve">'''Kahormatan''' nyaéta hiji ajén inajén anu kacida luhurna dina tata kahuripan manusa, hususna dina budaya [[Sunda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara filosofis, kahormatan sanés ngan saukur ngeunaan &quot;naon anu katingal ku batur&quot; (pangkat atanapi jabatan), tapi ngeunaan hakékat &quot;naon anu dipiboga ku jiwa&quot; (martabat sarta harga diri).&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakékat Filosofis dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina rasa basa urang, kahormatan téh raket patalina jeung konsép ''soméah'', ''hadé tata'', sarta ''panceg dina galur''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Soméah&quot;&gt;Wibisana, Wahyu. (2000). ''Mageuhkeun Tatali Paranti: Ajén-Inajén Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama.&lt;/ref&gt; Saurang jalma disebut miboga kahormatan nalika manéhna mampuh nempatkeun dirina (''andap asor'') di payuneun batur. Di dieu aya ''paradoks'': kahormatan sajati henteu dihontal ku cara ménta dihormat, tapi justru ku cara ngahormat ka papada mahluk malihan ka Pangéran.&lt;ref name=&quot;FilsafatSunda&quot;&gt;Indrawardana, Ira. (2014). ''Kearifan Lokal Sunda dalam Menjaga Harmoni''. Jurnal Sosioteknologi.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kahormatan salaku &quot;Bénténg Égo&quot; ===
Sacara leuwih jero, manusa sering tiporos dina prosés &quot;nyieun kahormatan&quot; sorangan. Kahormatan dunya mindeng dijadikeun benténg pikeun nyumputkeun kalemahan diri atawa pikeun ngagedékeun égo ([[Takabbur|takabur]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''. Pasal ngeunaan Ma'rifat.&lt;/ref&gt; Nalika kahormatan dumasar kana simbol semu sapertos harta atawa pujian mahluk, mangka éta kahormatan téh sabenerna uduh sarta bakal sirna ku parobahan jaman.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Transformasi dina At-Tahiyyat ===
Dina kontéks spiritual [[At-Tahiyyat]], kecap kahormatan ngalaman ''transformasi'' tina atribut manusa janten hak mutlak Gusti [[Allah]] SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 1, bab Rahasia Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Ngaleupaskeun Diri:''' Maca ''At-Tahiyyat'' hartosna hamba nuju ngalaan sakabéh &quot;bungkus kahormatan&quot; dunya anu salila ieu dipaké sarta dipikareueus ku manéhna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Futuh&quot;&gt;Ibnu Arabi. ''Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya''. Bab Asrarus Sholah.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Titik Enol:*'''Nalika manusa ngaku yén sakabéh kahormatan téh milik Allah (''lillaah''), manéhna nuju masrahkeun harga dirina ka Zat anu Maha Suci. Dina kaayaan &quot;enol&quot; ieu, manusa justru nampi darajat kahormatan anu hakiki salaku ''khalifah'' sarta hamba anu dipikanyaah ku Pangéranna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kacindekan ===
Kahormatan anu sajati nyaéta mampuhna manusa ngajaga amanah hirupna sarta panceg dina bebeneran, bari sadar yén sumber sakabéh kahormatan éta téh ngan sahiji, nyaéta Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Étika]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat Islam]]
[[Kategori:Kosakata basa Sunda]]</text>
      <sha1>ibv374yl4pbk87vdje63iso6yjmx16p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaberkahan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>708756</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T17:24:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
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      <comment>Ngabaladah</comment>
      <origin>708756</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3498" sha1="gq7jdygb3j741988c7k94memqg7hgxm" xml:space="preserve">== Kaberkahan ==

'''Kaberkahan''' (basa Arab: البركة, ''al-barakah'') nyaéta hiji konsép spiritual anu hartosna nambahanana kahadéan (''ziyadatul khair'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Raghib&quot;&gt;Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. ''Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran''. Darul Ma'rifah, kaca 44.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina kahuripan masarakat, kaberkahan sanés ngan saukur ngeunaan jumlah atawa kuantitas, tapi leuwih kana kualitas sarta &quot;sari&quot; mangpaat tina naon anu dipiboga ku manusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;TafsirMunir&quot;&gt;Wahbah az-Zuhaili. (2009). ''Tafsir Al-Munir''. Damaskus: Darul Fikr.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap kaberkahan asalna tina basa Arab, nyaéta ''al-barakah'' (البركة).&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara harfiah, kecap dasarna nyaéta ''baraka'' (برك) anu miboga harti aslina nyaéta &quot;munduna onta&quot; atawa &quot;cicingna cai dina balong&quot; (''birka'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisan&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Jilid 14, kaca 212.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu ngandung filosofi yén kaberkahan téh mangrupkeun kahadéan anu tetep, cicing, sarta ajeg dina diri saurang hamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 1, bab Rahasia Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Kaberkahan dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina sawangan hirup urang [[Sunda]], kaberkahan raket patalina jeung konsép &quot;cekap&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Kolot baheula sering nyebatkeun yén rejeki anu saeutik tapi berkah leuwih utama tinimbang rejeki anu loba tapi &quot;mubazir&quot; atawa matak jadi mamala.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Kaberkahan dina basa urang ogé ngandung harti hirup anu &quot;maslahat&quot;, nyaéta mampuh méré mangpaat ka batur luyu jeung paréntah [[Agama]] sarta [[Kearifan Lokal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Diménsi Spiritual (Al-Mubaarakaat) ===
Dina bacaan [[At-Tahiyyat]], kecap ''Al-Mubaarakaat'' (الْمُبَارَكَاتُ) dipaké dina bentuk jamak pikeun nembongkeun rupa-rupa sumber kaberkahan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Waktu:''' Manusa anu berkah waktuna nyaéta jalma anu mampuh ngagunakeun umurna pikeun amal sholéh sanajan karasana sakedap.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Rejeki:''' Harta anu berkah nyaéta harta anu matak nengtremkeun haté sarta matak deukeut ka Gusti Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''. Pasal ngeunaan Ma'rifat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Élmu:''' Élmu anu berkah nyaéta élmu anu diamalkeun sarta diajarkeun deui ka batur sangkan jadi jariyah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Kaberkahan mangrupkeun cahaya ilahi anu ngajadikeun sagala rupa anu saeutik karasa cukup, sarta anu loba karasa mangpaat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu mangrupkeun tujuan utama manusa dina milari ridho Allah SWT, sangkan hirupna teu ngan saukur miboga eusi, tapi ogé miboga harti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Risalah&quot;&gt;Al-Qusyairi. ''Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah''. Bab Adab Ibadah.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Islam]]
[[Kategori:Istilah Agama]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat Islam]]</text>
      <sha1>gq7jdygb3j741988c7k94memqg7hgxm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>708757</id>
      <parentid>708756</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T17:24:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Diménsi Spiritual (Al-Mubaarakaat) */</comment>
      <origin>708757</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3510" sha1="1ss7cye4rkz5mf91zez9w9easetr8kn" xml:space="preserve">== Kaberkahan ==

'''Kaberkahan''' (basa Arab: البركة, ''al-barakah'') nyaéta hiji konsép spiritual anu hartosna nambahanana kahadéan (''ziyadatul khair'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Raghib&quot;&gt;Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. ''Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran''. Darul Ma'rifah, kaca 44.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina kahuripan masarakat, kaberkahan sanés ngan saukur ngeunaan jumlah atawa kuantitas, tapi leuwih kana kualitas sarta &quot;sari&quot; mangpaat tina naon anu dipiboga ku manusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;TafsirMunir&quot;&gt;Wahbah az-Zuhaili. (2009). ''Tafsir Al-Munir''. Damaskus: Darul Fikr.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap kaberkahan asalna tina basa Arab, nyaéta ''al-barakah'' (البركة).&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara harfiah, kecap dasarna nyaéta ''baraka'' (برك) anu miboga harti aslina nyaéta &quot;munduna onta&quot; atawa &quot;cicingna cai dina balong&quot; (''birka'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisan&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Jilid 14, kaca 212.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu ngandung filosofi yén kaberkahan téh mangrupkeun kahadéan anu tetep, cicing, sarta ajeg dina diri saurang hamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 1, bab Rahasia Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Kaberkahan dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina sawangan hirup urang [[Sunda]], kaberkahan raket patalina jeung konsép &quot;cekap&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Kolot baheula sering nyebatkeun yén rejeki anu saeutik tapi berkah leuwih utama tinimbang rejeki anu loba tapi &quot;mubazir&quot; atawa matak jadi mamala.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Kaberkahan dina basa urang ogé ngandung harti hirup anu &quot;maslahat&quot;, nyaéta mampuh méré mangpaat ka batur luyu jeung paréntah [[Agama]] sarta [[Kearifan Lokal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Diménsi Spiritual (Al-Mubaarakaat) ===
Dina bacaan [[[[Tahiyat|At-Tahiyyat]]]], kecap ''Al-Mubaarakaat'' (الْمُبَارَكَاتُ) dipaké dina bentuk jamak pikeun nembongkeun rupa-rupa sumber kaberkahan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Waktu:''' Manusa anu berkah waktuna nyaéta jalma anu mampuh ngagunakeun umurna pikeun amal sholéh sanajan karasana sakedap.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Rejeki:''' Harta anu berkah nyaéta harta anu matak nengtremkeun haté sarta matak deukeut ka Gusti Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''. Pasal ngeunaan Ma'rifat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Élmu:''' Élmu anu berkah nyaéta élmu anu diamalkeun sarta diajarkeun deui ka batur sangkan jadi jariyah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Kaberkahan mangrupkeun cahaya ilahi anu ngajadikeun sagala rupa anu saeutik karasa cukup, sarta anu loba karasa mangpaat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu mangrupkeun tujuan utama manusa dina milari ridho Allah SWT, sangkan hirupna teu ngan saukur miboga eusi, tapi ogé miboga harti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Risalah&quot;&gt;Al-Qusyairi. ''Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah''. Bab Adab Ibadah.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Islam]]
[[Kategori:Istilah Agama]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat Islam]]</text>
      <sha1>1ss7cye4rkz5mf91zez9w9easetr8kn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>708758</id>
      <parentid>708757</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T17:25:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Diménsi Spiritual (Al-Mubaarakaat) */</comment>
      <origin>708758</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3506" sha1="add8fb66w4hf4wodvbx81t95fign9cy" xml:space="preserve">== Kaberkahan ==

'''Kaberkahan''' (basa Arab: البركة, ''al-barakah'') nyaéta hiji konsép spiritual anu hartosna nambahanana kahadéan (''ziyadatul khair'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Raghib&quot;&gt;Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. ''Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran''. Darul Ma'rifah, kaca 44.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina kahuripan masarakat, kaberkahan sanés ngan saukur ngeunaan jumlah atawa kuantitas, tapi leuwih kana kualitas sarta &quot;sari&quot; mangpaat tina naon anu dipiboga ku manusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;TafsirMunir&quot;&gt;Wahbah az-Zuhaili. (2009). ''Tafsir Al-Munir''. Damaskus: Darul Fikr.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap kaberkahan asalna tina basa Arab, nyaéta ''al-barakah'' (البركة).&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara harfiah, kecap dasarna nyaéta ''baraka'' (برك) anu miboga harti aslina nyaéta &quot;munduna onta&quot; atawa &quot;cicingna cai dina balong&quot; (''birka'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisan&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Jilid 14, kaca 212.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu ngandung filosofi yén kaberkahan téh mangrupkeun kahadéan anu tetep, cicing, sarta ajeg dina diri saurang hamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 1, bab Rahasia Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Kaberkahan dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina sawangan hirup urang [[Sunda]], kaberkahan raket patalina jeung konsép &quot;cekap&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Kolot baheula sering nyebatkeun yén rejeki anu saeutik tapi berkah leuwih utama tinimbang rejeki anu loba tapi &quot;mubazir&quot; atawa matak jadi mamala.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Kaberkahan dina basa urang ogé ngandung harti hirup anu &quot;maslahat&quot;, nyaéta mampuh méré mangpaat ka batur luyu jeung paréntah [[Agama]] sarta [[Kearifan Lokal]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Diménsi Spiritual (Al-Mubaarakaat) ===
Dina bacaan [[Tahiyat|At-Tahiyyat]], kecap ''Al-Mubaarakaat'' (الْمُبَارَكَاتُ) dipaké dina bentuk jamak pikeun nembongkeun rupa-rupa sumber kaberkahan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Waktu:''' Manusa anu berkah waktuna nyaéta jalma anu mampuh ngagunakeun umurna pikeun amal sholéh sanajan karasana sakedap.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Rejeki:''' Harta anu berkah nyaéta harta anu matak nengtremkeun haté sarta matak deukeut ka Gusti Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''. Pasal ngeunaan Ma'rifat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Berkah dina Élmu:''' Élmu anu berkah nyaéta élmu anu diamalkeun sarta diajarkeun deui ka batur sangkan jadi jariyah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Kaberkahan mangrupkeun cahaya ilahi anu ngajadikeun sagala rupa anu saeutik karasa cukup, sarta anu loba karasa mangpaat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu mangrupkeun tujuan utama manusa dina milari ridho Allah SWT, sangkan hirupna teu ngan saukur miboga eusi, tapi ogé miboga harti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Risalah&quot;&gt;Al-Qusyairi. ''Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah''. Bab Adab Ibadah.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Islam]]
[[Kategori:Istilah Agama]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat Islam]]</text>
      <sha1>add8fb66w4hf4wodvbx81t95fign9cy</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kabagjaan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108418</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708759</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T17:31:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngabaladah</comment>
      <origin>708759</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3628" sha1="7uposy8iii80haqillms1xacfea43sf" xml:space="preserve">== Kabagjaan ==

'''Kabagjaan''' mangrupakeun hiji kaayaan rasa dina jero haté anu pinuh ku katenangan, kasugemaan, sarta kabungah anu hakékatna asalna tina [[Gusti Allah]] SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina sawangan [[Islam]], kabagjaan sajati (''sa'adah'') sanés ngan saukur kacekapna kabutuh dunya, tapi ayana sasmita cahaya iman dina [[jiwa]] anu mampuh nampi sagala katangtuan Pangéran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 3, bab Panyalamet Haté.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi sareng Ma'na Basa ===
Kecap kabagjaan asalna tina kecap dasar &quot;bagja&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina basa Sunda, bagja mindeng dihartoskeun salaku kaayaan jalma anu meunang milik, leupas tina bahaya, atanapi ngarasa sugema ku kaayaan hirupna.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara rohani, bagja raket patalina jeung kecap ''ash-sholawaat'' (الصَّلَواتُ) anu hartosna doa sarta kadeudeuh ti Allah, anu mawa tiis sarta katenangan kana dada hamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;FathulBari&quot;&gt;Ibnu Hajar al-Asqalani. ''Fathul Bari''. Jilid 2, kaca 311.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Kabagjaan dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina tradisi urang [[Sunda]], kabagjaan téh sanés hal anu dipilari ka jauhna, tapi hal anu dipendakan dina rasa sukur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt; Paribasa ''&quot;loba saeutik mahi, aya euweuh nuhun&quot;'' mangrupkeun puncak filosofi kabagjaan anu dumasar kana sipat [[qanaah]] (ngarasa cukup).&lt;ref name=&quot;Wibisana&quot;&gt;Wibisana, Wahyu. (2000). ''Mageuhkeun Tatali Paranti''. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama.&lt;/ref&gt; Kabagjaan urang Sunda ogé miboga diménsi sosial, nyaéta nalika urang mampuh babagi sarta akur jeung tatangga, saluyu jeung prinsip ''&quot;ka cai jadi saleuwi, ka darat jadi salebak&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indrawardana&quot;&gt;Indrawardana, Ira. (2014). ''Kearifan Lokal Sunda dina Menjaga Harmoni''. Jurnal Sosioteknologi.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakékat Spiritual dina Tahiyat ===
Dina bacaan [[At-Tahiyyat]], kabagjaan digambarkeun ngaliwatan pancaran doa sarta rahmat (''ash-sholawaat'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Katenangan Batin:''' Nalika hamba ngadu'a, manéhna nuju nyambungkeun ruhanina ka sumber kabagjaan anu mutlak, sahingga rasa sieun sarta sedihna dunya janten sirna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Cahaya Doa:''' Doa mangrupkeun ''shilah'' (panyambung) anu mawa tiis kana jiwa, sakumaha cai anu nyébor taneuh garing.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bagja nu Langgeng:''' Kabagjaan anu sajati nyaéta nalika hamba nampi karidhoan ti Allah SWT di dunya sarta di ahéret.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''. Pasal ngeunaan Ma'rifat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Kabagjaan téh sanés mangrupkeun hasil tina naon anu dipiboga, tapi hasil tina kumaha urang nampi sarta ngagunakeun naon anu aya kalayan jalan ibadah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku cara sukur sarta dzikir, kabagjaan bakal tetep aya dina haté sanajan kaayaan dunya nuju obah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Risalah&quot;&gt;Al-Qusyairi. ''Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah''. Bab Adab Ibadah.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Psikologi]]
[[Kategori:Étika]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat Islam]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]</text>
      <sha1>7uposy8iii80haqillms1xacfea43sf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>708760</id>
      <parentid>708759</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T17:32:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kabagjaan */</comment>
      <origin>708760</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3623" sha1="r4q2ki45yiebssw9lm2ilm9w6dt49cl" xml:space="preserve">== Kabagjaan ==

'''Kabagjaan''' nyaéta hiji kaayaan rasa dina jero haté anu pinuh ku katenangan, kasugemaan, sarta kabungah anu hakékatna asalna tina [[Gusti Allah]] SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina sawangan [[Islam]], kabagjaan sajati (''sa'adah'') sanés ngan saukur kacekapna kabutuh dunya, tapi ayana sasmita cahaya iman dina [[jiwa]] anu mampuh nampi sagala katangtuan Pangéran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 3, bab Panyalamet Haté.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi sareng Ma'na Basa ===
Kecap kabagjaan asalna tina kecap dasar &quot;bagja&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina basa Sunda, bagja mindeng dihartoskeun salaku kaayaan jalma anu meunang milik, leupas tina bahaya, atanapi ngarasa sugema ku kaayaan hirupna.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara rohani, bagja raket patalina jeung kecap ''ash-sholawaat'' (الصَّلَواتُ) anu hartosna doa sarta kadeudeuh ti Allah, anu mawa tiis sarta katenangan kana dada hamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;FathulBari&quot;&gt;Ibnu Hajar al-Asqalani. ''Fathul Bari''. Jilid 2, kaca 311.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Kabagjaan dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina tradisi urang [[Sunda]], kabagjaan téh sanés hal anu dipilari ka jauhna, tapi hal anu dipendakan dina rasa sukur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt; Paribasa ''&quot;loba saeutik mahi, aya euweuh nuhun&quot;'' mangrupkeun puncak filosofi kabagjaan anu dumasar kana sipat [[qanaah]] (ngarasa cukup).&lt;ref name=&quot;Wibisana&quot;&gt;Wibisana, Wahyu. (2000). ''Mageuhkeun Tatali Paranti''. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama.&lt;/ref&gt; Kabagjaan urang Sunda ogé miboga diménsi sosial, nyaéta nalika urang mampuh babagi sarta akur jeung tatangga, saluyu jeung prinsip ''&quot;ka cai jadi saleuwi, ka darat jadi salebak&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Indrawardana&quot;&gt;Indrawardana, Ira. (2014). ''Kearifan Lokal Sunda dina Menjaga Harmoni''. Jurnal Sosioteknologi.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakékat Spiritual dina Tahiyat ===
Dina bacaan [[At-Tahiyyat]], kabagjaan digambarkeun ngaliwatan pancaran doa sarta rahmat (''ash-sholawaat'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Katenangan Batin:''' Nalika hamba ngadu'a, manéhna nuju nyambungkeun ruhanina ka sumber kabagjaan anu mutlak, sahingga rasa sieun sarta sedihna dunya janten sirna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Cahaya Doa:''' Doa mangrupkeun ''shilah'' (panyambung) anu mawa tiis kana jiwa, sakumaha cai anu nyébor taneuh garing.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Bagja nu Langgeng:''' Kabagjaan anu sajati nyaéta nalika hamba nampi karidhoan ti Allah SWT di dunya sarta di ahéret.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''. Pasal ngeunaan Ma'rifat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Kabagjaan téh sanés mangrupkeun hasil tina naon anu dipiboga, tapi hasil tina kumaha urang nampi sarta ngagunakeun naon anu aya kalayan jalan ibadah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku cara sukur sarta dzikir, kabagjaan bakal tetep aya dina haté sanajan kaayaan dunya nuju obah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Risalah&quot;&gt;Al-Qusyairi. ''Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah''. Bab Adab Ibadah.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Psikologi]]
[[Kategori:Étika]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat Islam]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]</text>
      <sha1>r4q2ki45yiebssw9lm2ilm9w6dt49cl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kasaéan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108419</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708761</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T17:37:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngabaladah</comment>
      <origin>708761</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3535" sha1="09bwzs2y4i0oody325np7g2ym3wn5z6" xml:space="preserve">'''Kasaéan''' (basa Arab: الطَّيِّبَاتُ, ''at-thoyyibaat'') nyaéta sagala rupa hal anu suci, beresih, sarta luhur ajénna boh dina jihat zatna boh dina jihat carana.&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina kontéks [[Islam]], kasaéan sanés ngan saukur lawan tina kagoréngan, tapi mangrupkeun standar mutlak pikeun sagala rupa amal sarta rejeki sangkan ditampi ku [[Allah]] SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;TafsirMunir&quot;&gt;Wahbah az-Zuhaili. (2009). ''Tafsir Al-Munir''. Damaskus: Darul Fikr.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap kasaéan dina bacaan tasyahud asalna tina kecap ''thoyyib'' (طيب).&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisan&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Jilid 1, kaca 562.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara harfiah, ''thoyyib'' hartosna sagala rupa anu matak nengtremkeun panca indra sarta jiwa, sapertos seungit anu melenghir, kadaharan anu ngeunah, atanapi ucapan anu merenah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raghib&quot;&gt;Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. ''Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran''. Darul Ma'rifah, kaca 312.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an, kecap ieu sering dipasangkeun jeung kecap [[Halal]] (''halalan thoyyiba''), anu negeskeun yén hiji hal téh kedah sah sacara hukum (fikih) sarta saé sacara kualitas (kaséhatan/moral).&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Kasaéan dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina sawangan hirup urang [[Sunda]], kasaéan téh raket patalina jeung ajén ''&quot;Masagi&quot;'' sarta ''&quot;Paripurna&quot;''.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Kolot baheula sering ngamanatan sangkan urang jadi jalma anu ''&quot;hade gogog hade tagog&quot;'', hartosna saé dina ucapan (komunikasi) sarta saé dina paripolah (sikep).&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Kasaéan dina basa urang ogé miboga harti &quot;merenah&quot;, nyaéta nempatkeun sagala rupa perkara dina tempatna luyu jeung aturan hirup (galur).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakekat Spiritual dina At-Tahiyyat ===
Nalika hamba ngucapkeun ''At-Thoyyibaat lillaah'', manéhna nuju masrahkeun sakabéh hasil amalanana ka Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Amal anu Suci:''' Allah téh Maha Saé (''Thoyyib'') sarta moal nampi iwal ti amalan anu saé sarta ikhlas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 1, bab Rahasia Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Kasucian Rejeki:''' Ieu mangrupkeun ikrar yén hamba satékah polah bakal ngajaga dirina tina perkara anu haram, sabab kasaéan jiwa gumantung kana naon anu asup kana awakna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Puncak Kabagjaan:''' Kasaéan anu hakiki nyaéta nalika sakabéh hirup jeung maot urang parantos luyu jeung ridho Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Kasaéan téh mangrupkeun buah tina iman anu napak dina bumi sarta dahan-dahanna nyungcung ka langit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Risalah&quot;&gt;Al-Qusyairi. ''Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah''. Bab Adab Ibadah.&lt;/ref&gt; Tanpa kasaéan, hirup manusa moal miboga sari sarta moal nengtremkeun lingkungan sabudeureunana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Étika]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat Islam]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Kosakata basa Sunda]]</text>
      <sha1>09bwzs2y4i0oody325np7g2ym3wn5z6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipédia:Taros kami</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108420</id>
    <redirect title="Wikipedia:Taros kami" />
    <revision>
      <id>708763</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T19:20:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Steenth</username>
        <id>11282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Steenth mindahkeun kaca [[Wikipédia:Taros kami]] ka [[Wikipedia:Taros kami]]: correct namespace</comment>
      <origin>708763</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" sha1="6ner39bsevyr9scbtxb6kwzt6mefyvq" xml:space="preserve">#ALIH [[Wikipedia:Taros kami]]</text>
      <sha1>6ner39bsevyr9scbtxb6kwzt6mefyvq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipédia:LD</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108421</id>
    <redirect title="Wikipedia:LD" />
    <revision>
      <id>708765</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T19:20:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Steenth</username>
        <id>11282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Steenth mindahkeun kaca [[Wikipédia:LD]] ka [[Wikipedia:LD]]: correct namespace</comment>
      <origin>708765</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="8lg0dsctu8uxtbb6tc6q8e9fwy46b3u" xml:space="preserve">#ALIH [[Wikipedia:LD]]</text>
      <sha1>8lg0dsctu8uxtbb6tc6q8e9fwy46b3u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rahmat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108422</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708767</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T22:19:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngabaladah</comment>
      <origin>708767</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3311" sha1="56tuyy3jqaczjjqs7tcofgumlbnlyjb" xml:space="preserve">== Rahmat ==

'''Rahmat''' (basa Arab: رحمة) mangrupakeun sipat kaasih sarta kadeudeuh Gusti [[Allah]] SWT anu dipaparinkeun ka sakabéh mahluk-Na tanpa aya watesna.&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina bacaan [[tasyahud]], kecap rahmat nuturkeun kecap salam (''Warahmatullaahi''), anu negeskeun yén kasalametan moal sampurna tanpa ayana asih ti Nu Maha Kawasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap rahmat asalna tina akar kecap ''rahima'' (رحم) anu miboga harti asih, nyaah, atanapi mikawelas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisan&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Jilid 12, kaca 231.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara harfiah, kecap ieu miboga hubungan raket jeung kecap ''rahim'' (kandungan indung), anu ngagambarkeun kumaha Gusti Allah ngajaga sarta mikanyaah hamba-Na sakumaha indung mikanyaah fétus dina kandunganana kalayan pinuh ku kaamanan sarta kacukupan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raghib&quot;&gt;Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. ''Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran''. Darul Ma'rifah, kaca 191.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Rahmat dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina sawangan hirup urang [[Sunda]], rahmat téh sering dihartoskeun salaku &quot;panyébor haté&quot; atanapi &quot;pamanis hirup&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Kolot baheula sering ngadoakeun sangkan urang meunang &quot;rahmat ti langit, berkah ti bumi&quot;, anu hartosna hirup téh kudu aya dina lindungan kaasih Gusti sarta mangpaat pikeun sasama mahluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Rahmat dina rasa Sunda ogé nembongkeun sikep ''&quot;welas asih&quot;'' ka sasama, saluyu jeung paribasa ''&quot;Silih asih&quot;'' anu janten pondasi utama dina kauripan masarakat Sunda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakekat Spiritual dina Tahiyat ===
Dina kontéks bacaan solat, rahmat Allah miboga diménsi anu kacida jerona:
* '''Panto Pangampura:''' Rahmat téh nyaéta panto anu muka sagala rupa halangan dosa sahingga hamba tiasa deukeut deui ka Pangéranna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 1, bab Rahasia Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Sumber Katenangan:''' Tanpa rahmat, kasalametan (salam) ngan saukur formalitas fisik; rahmat-Na anu ngajadikeun éta kasalametan téh karasa ni'mat sarta tumaninah dina jiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Asih ka Rasulullah:''' Nalika urang ngucapkeun ''Warahmatullaahi'' dina salam ka Nabi, urang nuju ngaku yén Kangjeng Nabi Muhammad SAW téh mangrupkeun utusan anu janten ''Rahmatan lil 'Alamin'' (Rahmat pikeun sakabéh alam).&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Rahmat téh mangrupkeun napas tina sagala ibadah. Sakumaha ceuk para ulama, taya saurang ogé anu asup sawarga iwal ti ku rahmat Allah SWT, sahingga milari rahmat-Na téh janten tujuan utama dina unggal gerakan sarta bacaan solat urang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Islam]]
[[Kategori:Asmaul Husna]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Étika]]</text>
      <sha1>56tuyy3jqaczjjqs7tcofgumlbnlyjb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>708768</id>
      <parentid>708767</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T22:21:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>708768</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3306" sha1="4anaxk7wzdf7hey5agbtd89nrpxynyp" xml:space="preserve">== Rahmat ==

'''Rahmat''' (basa Arab: رحمة) nyaéta sipat kaasih sarta kadeudeuh Gusti [[Allah]] SWT anu dipaparinkeun ka sakabéh mahluk-Na tanpa aya watesna.&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina bacaan [[tasyahud]], kecap rahmat nuturkeun kecap salam (''Warahmatullaahi''), anu negeskeun yén kasalametan moal sampurna tanpa ayana asih ti Nu Maha Kawasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Kaca 24.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap rahmat asalna tina akar kecap ''rahima'' (رحم) anu miboga harti asih, nyaah, atanapi mikawelas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisan&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Jilid 12, kaca 231.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara harfiah, kecap ieu miboga hubungan raket jeung kecap ''rahim'' (kandungan indung), anu ngagambarkeun kumaha Gusti Allah ngajaga sarta mikanyaah hamba-Na sakumaha indung mikanyaah fétus dina kandunganana kalayan pinuh ku kaamanan sarta kacukupan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raghib&quot;&gt;Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. ''Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran''. Darul Ma'rifah, kaca 191.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Rahmat dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina sawangan hirup urang [[Sunda]], rahmat téh sering dihartoskeun salaku &quot;panyébor haté&quot; atanapi &quot;pamanis hirup&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Kolot baheula sering ngadoakeun sangkan urang meunang &quot;rahmat ti langit, berkah ti bumi&quot;, anu hartosna hirup téh kudu aya dina lindungan kaasih Gusti sarta mangpaat pikeun sasama mahluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Rahmat dina rasa Sunda ogé nembongkeun sikep ''&quot;welas asih&quot;'' ka sasama, saluyu jeung paribasa ''&quot;Silih asih&quot;'' anu janten pondasi utama dina kauripan masarakat Sunda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakekat Spiritual dina Tahiyat ===
Dina kontéks bacaan solat, rahmat Allah miboga diménsi anu kacida jerona:
* '''Panto Pangampura:''' Rahmat téh nyaéta panto anu muka sagala rupa halangan dosa sahingga hamba tiasa deukeut deui ka Pangéranna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 1, bab Rahasia Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Sumber Katenangan:''' Tanpa rahmat, kasalametan (salam) ngan saukur formalitas fisik; rahmat-Na anu ngajadikeun éta kasalametan téh karasa ni'mat sarta tumaninah dina jiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Asih ka Rasulullah:''' Nalika urang ngucapkeun ''Warahmatullaahi'' dina salam ka Nabi, urang nuju ngaku yén Kangjeng Nabi Muhammad SAW téh mangrupkeun utusan anu janten ''Rahmatan lil 'Alamin'' (Rahmat pikeun sakabéh alam).&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 65.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Rahmat téh mangrupkeun napas tina sagala ibadah. Sakumaha ceuk para ulama, taya saurang ogé anu asup sawarga iwal ti ku rahmat Allah SWT, sahingga milari rahmat-Na téh janten tujuan utama dina unggal gerakan sarta bacaan solat urang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Islam]]
[[Kategori:Asmaul Husna]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Étika]]</text>
      <sha1>4anaxk7wzdf7hey5agbtd89nrpxynyp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fitnah</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708770</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-29T22:43:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngabaladah</comment>
      <origin>708770</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3556" sha1="p78rikmmsilv71jiozjfqi6vpijwfkv" xml:space="preserve">== Fitnah ==

'''Fitnah''' (basa Arab: فتنة, ''fitnah'') nyaéta hiji kaayaan anu ngandung harti ujian, cobaan, atanapi panyimpangan anu bisa ngoyagkeun iman saurang manusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AlMunawwir&quot;&gt;Warson, Ahmad. (1997). ''Kamus Al-Munawwir Arab-Indonesia''. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina kontéks [[Islam]], fitnah sanés ngan saukur hartosna ngomongkeun kagoréngan batur tanpa bukti (sakumaha harti umum dina basa Indonésia), tapi leuwih kana sagala rupa hal anu matak ngajauhkeun hamba tina jalan [[Allah]] SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;TafsirMunir&quot;&gt;Wahbah az-Zuhaili. (2009). ''Tafsir Al-Munir''. Damaskus: Darul Fikr.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap fitnah asalna tina akar kecap ''fatana'' (فتن) anu harti aslina nyaéta &quot;ngabeuleum emas dina seuneu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lisan&quot;&gt;Ibnu Manzur. ''Lisan al-Arab''. Jilid 13, kaca 317.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu prosés tujuanna pikeun ngabédakeun mana emas anu murni sarta mana logam anu campuran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raghib&quot;&gt;Al-Raghib al-Isfahani. ''Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran''. Darul Ma'rifah, kaca 371.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku kituna, fitnah miboga harti filosofis yén manusa dibéré cobaan hirup téh tujuanna sangkan katingal mana iman anu sajati sarta mana iman anu palsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 3, bab Ujian Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi Fitnah dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina kahirupan urang [[Sunda]], fitnah mindeng dipatalikeun jeung konsép &quot;mamala&quot; atanapi &quot;pacogrégan&quot; anu matak ngaruksak tali silaturahmi.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Paribasa Sunda nyebutkeun yén ''&quot;fitnah téh leuwih kejem tinimbang kacida&quot;'' (tina terjemahan bebas ayat Al-Baqarah), anu negeskeun yén fitnah bisa ngancurkeun tatanan masarakat.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt; Urang Sunda ogé miboga kawicaksanan pikeun nyingkahan fitnah ku cara ''&quot;ulah léngléh panon, ulah gampang kacandak ku béja&quot;'' (kudu tabayyun).&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jinis-jinis Fitnah dina Doa Tasyahud ===
Dina bacaan doa saatos tasyahud ahir, urang ménta panyalindungan tina opat rupa fitnah utama:&lt;ref name=&quot;Safinah&quot;&gt;Salim bin Sumair Al-Hadhrami. ''Safinatun Najah''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Fitnah Dunya:''' Sagala rupa kasenangan dunya anu matak mopohokeun akherat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Fitnah Ma'at (Maot):''' Ujian nalika sakaratul maut sarta ujian di alam kubur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 70.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Fitnah Al-Masih Ad-Dajjal:''' Fitnah pangbadagna di ahir jaman anu miboga kakuatan pikeun nyasabkeun umat manusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;FathulBari&quot;&gt;Ibnu Hajar al-Asqalani. ''Fathul Bari''. Jilid 13, bab Fitnah.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Fitnah Kubur:''' Pertanyaan malaikat Munkar sarta Nakir anu nangtukeun nasib hamba di alam barzah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Fitnah mangrupakeun sunnatullah pikeun nguji kualitas rohani manusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ku cara doa sarta usaha ngajaga iman, fitnah anu tadina mangrupa ancaman bisa robah jadi sarana pikeun ngaronjatkeun darajat hamba di payuneun Allah SWT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Risalah&quot;&gt;Al-Qusyairi. ''Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyyah''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Islam]]
[[Kategori:Istilah Agama]]
[[Kategori:Étika]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andap asor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108424</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708773</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-30T09:50:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngabaladah</comment>
      <origin>708773</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3156" sha1="2atk6twrzgdosgam8shjcb8awwz3rnk" xml:space="preserve">'''Andap asor''' (ᮠᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ᮪ ᮃᮞᮧᮁ) nyaéta hiji ajén inajén [[étika]] sarta [[moral]] dina kabudayaan [[Sunda]] anu hartosna sikep rendah haté, henteu [[takabur]], sarta mampuh nempatkeun diri dina posisi anu luyu nalika papanggih jeung batur.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu sipat sanés hartosna rendah diri atanapi minder, nanging mangrupakeun kakuatan jiwa pikeun ngajénan papada mahluk sarta ngaku kana kawatesanan diri di payuneun Nu Maha Kawasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap andap asor diwangun ku dua kecap: ''andap'' (ᮠᮔ᮪ᮓᮕ᮪) anu hartosna handap atanapi sahandapeun, sarta ''asor'' (ᮃᮞᮧᮁ) anu hartosna handap atanapi henteu luhur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luhur&quot;&gt;Coolsma, S. (1913). ''Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek''. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina istilah [[filsafat]], andap asor miboga ma'na &quot;ngandapkeun diri&quot; (rendah hati) sangkan batur ngarasa dihurmat sarta diapresiasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hakekat dina Budaya Sunda ===
Andap asor téh mangrupakeun salasahiji tihang tina ajén-inajén [[Manusa Sunda]] anu &quot;Masagi&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wibisana&quot;&gt;Wibisana, Wahyu. (2000). ''Mageuhkeun Tatali Paranti''. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Silih Ngajénan:''' Jalma anu andap asor moal nembongkeun kalebihanana pikeun ngaleutikkeun batur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Soméah&quot;&gt;Indrawardana, Ira. (2014). ''Kearifan Lokal Sunda dina Menjaga Harmoni''. Jurnal Sosioteknologi.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Ulah Adigung:''' Sipat ieu sabalikna tina sipat adigung, adiguna, atanapi adigung-adiguna (sombong ku kakuatan, kabeungharan, atanapi kapinteran).&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot; /&gt;
* '''Basa anu Merenah:''' Dina praktékna, andap asor katingal tina cara nyarita anu ngagunakeun [[Undak-usuk basa Sunda]] anu merenah, sapertos ngagunakeun basa lemes pikeun batur sarta basa sedeng pikeun diri sorangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Linguistik&quot;&gt;Satjadibrata, R. (1954). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Perguruan Kem. P.P. Dan K.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Hubungan sareng Tawadhu ===
Dina kontéks [[Agama Islam]], andap asor téh sarua hartosna sareng sipat [[Tawadhu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 3, bab Akhlak.&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ngajarkeun yén sing saha jalma anu andap asor, mangka Allah bakal ngangkat darajatna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt; Ieu nembongkeun yén andap asor téh mangrupkeun panto bubuka pikeun datangna [[Kaberkahan]] sarta [[Kabagjaan]] dina hirup.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 72.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Andap asor téh mangrupkeun ciri utama jalma anu miboga kabeungharan ruhani. Jalma anu andap asor ibarat pare, beuki eusi beuki runduk ka handap.&lt;ref name=&quot;Syarah&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Al-Malibari. ''Fathul Mu'in''. Bab Solat.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Étika]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Kearifan Lokal]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Panceg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>108425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>708774</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-30T10:45:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dinototosugiarto</username>
        <id>11449</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ngabaladah</comment>
      <origin>708774</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3208" sha1="lomgy27ri989810ccolftxslnslpfv3" xml:space="preserve">'''Panceg''' (ᮕᮔ᮪ᮎᮨᮌ᮪) nyaéta hiji ajén inajén karakter dina kabudayaan [[Sunda]] anu hartosna ajeg, tijin dina pamadegan, sarta miboga kapercayaan diri anu kuat dina nyekel hiji prinsip.&lt;ref name=&quot;KamusSunda&quot;&gt;Danadibrata, R.A. (2006). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Bandung: Panitia Penerbitan Kamus Basa Sunda.&lt;/ref&gt; Sipat panceg nembongkeun kakuatan méntal saurang jalma anu moal gampang kabawa ku sakaba-kaba atawa ku pangaruh luar anu can puguh benerna.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot;&gt;Ekadjati, Edi S. (2005). ''Kebudayaan Sunda: Suatu Pendekatan Sejarah''. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Étimologi ===
Kecap panceg (ᮕᮔ᮪ᮎᮨᮌ᮪) sacara harfiah miboga harti pas, tetep, atawa henteu kurang henteu leuwih.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luhur&quot;&gt;Coolsma, S. (1913). ''Soendaneesch-Hollandsch Woordenboek''. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff.&lt;/ref&gt; Dina pamakéan sapopoé, panceg mindeng dipatalikeun jeung waktu (misalna: tabuh 12 panceg) atawa tekad (misalna: panceg dina niat).&lt;ref name=&quot;Satjadibrata&quot;&gt;Satjadibrata, R. (1954). ''Kamus Basa Sunda''. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Perguruan Kem. P.P. Dan K.&lt;/ref&gt; Sacara filosofis, panceg mangrupakeun kaayaan ''jiwa'' anu parantos pinanggih jeung kasaimbangan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot;&gt;Rosidi, Ajip. (2011). ''Kearifan Lokal dalam Budaya Sunda''. Bandung: Kiblat.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Filosofi dina Budaya Sunda ===
Dina sawangan urang Sunda, panceg téh raket patalina jeung konsép &quot;lempeng&quot; sarta &quot;merenah&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wibisana&quot;&gt;Wibisana, Wahyu. (2000). ''Mageuhkeun Tatali Paranti''. Bandung: Kiblat Buku Utama.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Panceg na Galur:''' Hartosna ajeg dina garis bebeneran sarta aturan hirup anu parantos ditangtukeun ku adat sarta agama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Galur&quot; /&gt;
* '''Integritas:''' Jalma anu panceg téh jalma anu ''&quot;sauyunan antara ucap jeung lampah&quot;'' (satuju antara omongan jeung kalakuan).&lt;ref name=&quot;Indrawardana&quot;&gt;Indrawardana, Ira. (2014). ''Kearifan Lokal Sunda dina Menjaga Harmoni''. Jurnal Sosioteknologi.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Kateguhan Jiwa:''' Ieu sipat diperlukeun pisan sangkan manusa henteu gampang ''&quot;léléngkah halu&quot;'' (geumpeur atawa plal-plol) nalika nyanghareupan cocoba hirup.&lt;ref name=&quot;EtikaSunda&quot; /&gt;

=== Hubungan sareng Istiqamah ===
Dina kontéks [[Agama Islam]], panceg miboga harti anu sarua jeung [[Istiqamah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ihya&quot;&gt;Al-Ghazali. ''Ihya Ulumuddin''. Jilid 4, bab Sabar sarta Syukur.&lt;/ref&gt; Islam ngajarkeun yén kaberkahan sarta kamulyaan bakal lungsur ka jalma-jalma anu panceg (istiqamah) dina kaimananana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Misbah&quot;&gt;Quraish Shihab. (2002). ''Tafsir Al-Misbah''. Jakarta: Lentera Hati.&lt;/ref&gt; Panceg dina ibadah sarta panceg dina nyiar rejeki anu halal mangrupakeun konci utama pikeun ngahontal [[Kabagjaan]] dunya sarta ahéret.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kasyifah&quot;&gt;Nawawi al-Bantani. ''Kasyifatus Saja''. Kaca 75.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasimpulan ===
Panceg téh mangrupkeun ciri manusa anu geus dewasana ruhanina. Tanpa sipat panceg, manusa bakal ibarat daun garing anu kabawa angin ka mana waé, tapi ku sipat panceg, manusa bakal ibarat tangkal anu akarna nancep kuat ka bumi sarta dahan-dahanna ajeg ka langit.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hikam&quot;&gt;Ibnu Ataillah as-Sakandari. ''Al-Hikam''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Étika]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Sunda]]
[[Kategori:Kearifan Lokal]]</text>
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