Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 72 1540631 1531621 2026-05-11T21:08:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:JMR-Memphis1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Mwanamke wa Haki]] ni ishara ya idara ya sheria.<ref>Hamilton, Marci. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ox4_vqFCjcEC&pg=PA296&dq=%22lady+justice%22+symbol&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=uXb8Se-IC4GuyATlm5SPBg God vs. the Gavel]'', page 296 (Cambridge University Press 2005): “The symbol of the judicial system, seen in courtrooms throughout the United States, is blindfolded Lady Justice.”</ref><ref>Fabri, Marco. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=AwwH0F8iC9QC&pg=PA137&dq=%22lady+justice%22+symbol&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=uXb8Se-IC4GuyATlm5SPBg The challenge of change for judicial systems]'', page 137 (IOS Press 2000): “the judicial system is intended to be apolitical, its symbol being that of a blindfolded Lady Justice holding balanced scales.”</ref> [[Haki]] inaonyeshwa kama [[mungu jike]] ambaye anabeba ishara [[tatu]] za [[utawala wa kisheria]]: [[upanga]] unaoashiria nguvu ya mahakama; [[mizani]] zinazoashiria upimaji wa madai yanayoshindana; na [[kitambaa]] kinachofunika macho kuashiria kutofanya upendeleo.<ref>Luban, ''Law's Blindfold'', 23</ref>]] '''Sheria''' (kutoka [[neno]] la [[Kiarabu]]; kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''law'' <ref>from [[Old English]] ''lagu'' "Words of Mel"; ''legal'' comes from [[Latin]] ''legalis'', from ''[[translating "law" to other European languages|lex]]'' "law", "statute" ([http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=law&searchmode=none Law], Online Etymology Dictionary; [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legal Legal], Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary)</ref>) ni [[mfumo]] wa [[kanuni]], ambazo kwa kawaida hutekelezwa kupitia seti ya [[taasisi]] maalumu.<ref>Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90; see "[[analytical jurisprudence]]" for extensive debate on what law is; in ''[[The Concept of Law]]'' Hart argued law is a "system of rules" (Campbell, ''The Contribution of Legal Studies'', 184); Austin said law was "the command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a sanction" (Bix, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/austin-john/#3 John Austin]); Dworkin describes law as an "interpretive concept" to achieve [[justice]] (Dworkin, ''Law's Empire'', 410); and Raz argues law is an "authority" to mediate people's interests (Raz, ''The Authority of Law'', 3–36).</ref> Inaunda [[siasa]], [[uchumi]] na [[jamii]] kwa njia mbalimbali na huratibu mahusiano baina ya [[watu]]. [[Sheria ya mkataba]] huongoza kila kitu, kuanzia kununua [[tiketi]] ya [[basi]] hadi [[biashara]] katika [[Soko|masoko]]. [[Sheria ya mali]] inafafanua [[haki]] na [[wajibu]] unaohusiana na uhamisho wa jina la mali ya binafsi na [[mali ya kweli]]. [[Sheria ya hifadhi]] inatumika kwa mali yanayotumika kwa uwekezaji na usalama wa kifedha, huku [[sheria ya kukiuka wajibu]] inaruhusu madai ya [[fidia]] ikiwa haki au mali za mtu zinafanyiwa madhara. Ikiwa madhara ni kinyume cha sheria, [[sheria ya jinai]] inatoa mbinu zinazoweza kutumiwa na [[taifa]] ili kumshtaki mhusika. [[Sheria ya kikatiba]] inatoa utaratibu wa utungaji wa sheria, ulinzi wa [[haki za kibinadamu]] na [[uchaguzi]] wa wawakilishi wa kisiasa. [[Sheria ya utawala]] inatumika kuangalia upya maamuzi ya [[vyombo vya serikali]], huku [[sheria ya kimataifa]] inatawala shughuli baina ya [[nchi]] huru zinazohusu mambo kama vile [[biashara]], vikwazo vya kimazingira na hatua za [[Jeshi|kijeshi]]. Akiandika mnamo [[350 K.K.]], [[mwanafalsafa]] wa [[Ugiriki ya Kale]] [[Aristotle]] alisema, "[[Utawala wa sheria]] ni bora kuliko utawala wa mtu yeyote binafsi."<ref>"it is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens: upon the same principle, if it is advantageous to place the supreme power in some particular persons, they should be appointed to be only guardians, and the servants of the laws." (Aristotle, ''Politics'' [[s:Politics (Aristotle)/Book 3#3:16|3.16]]).</ref> Mifumo ya sheria inaelezea [[haki]] na majukumu kwa njia mbalimbali. Tofauti ya jumla inaweza kufanywa kati ya maeneo yanayotawaliwa na [[mfumo wa sheria ya kiraia]], ambayo huandika sheria zao, na yale yanayofuata [[sheria za kawaida]], ambapo sheria haijaundwa kwa utaratibu maalumu. Katika baadhi ya nchi, [[sheria ya dini]] bado hutumika kama sheria maalum. Sheria ni chanzo kikuu cha uchunguzi wa kitaalam, wa [[historia ya sheria]], [[falsafa ya sheria]], [[uchambuzi wa kiuchumi wa sheria]] au [[somo la kijamii kuhusu sheria]]. Sheria pia huibua masuala muhimu na magumu kuhusu [[usawa]], [[uadilifu]] na [[haki]]. "Katika usawa wake wa ajabu", alisema mwandishi [[Anatole France]] mnamo mwaka [[1894]], "sheria inakataza matajiri na mafukura kulala chini ya madaraja, kuombaomba barabarani na kuiba mikate."<ref>The original French is: "La loi, dans un grand souci d'égalité, interdit aux riches comme aux pauvres de coucher sous les ponts, de mendier dans les rues et de voler du pain" (France, ''The Red Lily'', [http://www.online-literature.com/anatole-france/red-lily/8/ Chapter VII]).</ref> Katika [[demokrasia]] ya kawaida, taasisi za msingi za kutafsiri na kuunda sheria ni matawi matatu makuu ya [[utawala]], ambayo ni [[mahakama]] isiyo na upendeleo, [[bunge]] na [[serikali]] yenye kuwajibika. Ili kutekeleza na kutumia nguvu za kufanya sheria ifuatwe na kutoa huduma kwa umma, urasimu wa serikali, [[jeshi]] na [[polisi]] ni muhimu. Vyombo hivyo vyote vya dola viliundwa na kutawaliwa na sheria, [[taaluma ya kisheria]] iliyo huru na [[jamii]] yenye bidii zinajulisha na kusaidia maendeleo. == Masomo ya sheria == Mifumo yote ya kisheria inahusu na masuala ya msingi, lakini kila taifa inaainisha na kubainisha masomo yake ya kisheria kwa njia mbalimbali. Tofauti ya kawaida ni kuwa "[[sheria ya umma]]" (maneno yanayohusika kwa karibu na [[taifa]], na kuhusisha sheria ya kikatiba, kitawala na ya jinai), na "[[sheria ya kibinafsi]]" (inayohusisha mkataba, [[sheria ya kukiuka wajibu]] na mali).<ref>Although many scholars argue that "the boundaries between public and private law are becoming blurred", and that this distinction has become mere "folklore" (Bergkamp, ''Liability and Environment'', 1–2).</ref> Katikamifumo ya [[sheria ya kirai(mfumo wa sheria)|sheria ya kirai]] , mkataba na kukiuka wajibu zinapatikana chini ya [[sheria ya majukumu]] huku sheria ya hifadhi inapatikana chini ya serkali za halali au [[Mkataba wa Hague wa Sheria inayotumika kwa Hifadhi na kwa jinsi ya Kuzijua|mikataba ya kimataifa]]. Sheria ya Kimataifa, kikatiba, kitawala, jinai, mkataba, kukiuka wajibu na mali na [[sheria ya hifadhi|hifadhi]] zinatambulika kama "masomo msingi ya jadi",<ref>E.g. in England these seven subjects, with EU law substituted for international law, make up a "qualifying law degree". For criticism, see [[Peter Birks]]' poignant comments attached to a previous version of the [http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/articles1/birks1.html#appendix Notice to Law Schools].</ref> ingawa kuna [[Sheria#Masomo zaidi|masomo zaidi]] ambayo yanaweza kuwa na umuhimu mkubwa zaidi wa kiutendaji. === Sheria ya Kimataifa === {{Main|Sheria ya umma ya kimataifa|Mgongano wa sheria|Sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya}} [[Picha:Naciones Unidas 3.jpg|right|thumb|Ikitoa katiba ya sheria ya kimataifa ya umaa, mfumo wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ulikubaliwa wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]]] Sheria ya kimataifa inaweza kuashiria mambo matatu: sheria ya umma ya kimataifa, sheria ya kibinafsi ya kimataifa au mgongano wa sheria na sheria ya mashirika makubwa ya kimataifa. * '''[[Sheria ya Umma ya Kimataifa]]''' inajihusisha na uhusiano kati ya mataifa uhuru. [[Vyanzo vya sheria ya kimataifa|Vyanzo]] vya maendeleo ya sheria ya umma ya kimataifa ni [[Desturi(sheria)|desturi]], mwenendo na mikataba kati ya nchi huru [[Mikataba ya Geneva]]. Sheria ya umma ya kimataifa inaweza kutengezwa na [[mashirika ya kimataifa]], kama vile [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] (ambao ilianzishwa baada ya kushindwa kwa [[Shirikisho la Kimataifa]] kuzuia [[Vita vya Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]),<ref>[http://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm History of the UN], United Nations. [[Winston Churchill]] (''The Hinge of Fate'', 719) comments on the League of Nations' failure: "It was wrong to say that the League failed. It was rather the member states who had failed the League."</ref> [[Shirika la Kimataifa la Ajira]], [[Shirika la Kimataifa la Biashara]], au [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]]. Sheria ya kimatifa ya umma ina hadhi maalum kama sheria kwa sababu hakuna kikozi cha kimataifa cha polisi, na mahakama (kama vile [[Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Haki]] kama tawi la kimsingi la Umoja wa Mataifa la mahakama) halina uwezo wa kuadhibu kutokutii.<ref>The prevailing manner of enforcing international law is still essentially "self help"; that is the reaction by states to alleged breaches of international obligations by other states (Robertson, ''Crimes against Humanity'', 90; Schermers-Blokker, ''International Institutional Law'', 900–901).</ref> Hata hivyo, miili michache, kama vile WTO, ina mifumo yenye ufanisi ya utatuzi wa kudumu na utatuzi wa mogogoro inayoambatana na vikwazo vya kibiashara.<ref>Petersmann, ''The GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System'', 32</ref> * '''[[Mgongano wa sheria]]''' (au "sheria ya kibinafsi ya kimataifa" katika nchi za [[sheria ya kiraia]]) unahusisha [[maeneo ya kimamlaka ya kisheria]] ya mgogoro wa kisheria baina ya watu wa kibinafsi unafaa kusikizwa na sheria za maeneo gani ya kimamlaka ya kisheria ndiyo inayofaa kutumika. Leo, biashra zinazidi kuwa na uwezo wa kusongeza minyororo ya ugavi ya [[mtaji]] na [[ajira]] kuvuka mipaka, na pia kufanya biashara na kampuni za nchi za ng'ambo, hivyo kulifanya swali kuhusu nchi ipi ndiyo inayomamlaka ya kisheria kuwa muhimu zaidi. Idadi kubwa zaidi ya biashara zinachagua usuluhishi wa kibiashara chini ya [[Tuzo la Mkataba wa Utambuzi na Utendaji wa Masuluhisho ya Kimataifa|Mkataba wa New York wa mnamo mwaka1958]].<ref>Redfem, ''International Commercial Arbitration'', 68–69</ref> * '''[[Sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya]]''' ndiyo ya kwanza, kufikia sasa, ambayo ni mfano wa [[sheria kuu ya kimataifa]]. Kutokana na mwenendo wa kuongezeka kwa ushirikiano wa kiuchumi Duniani, mikataba mingi ya kikanda — hasa ya [[Umoja wa Nchi za Amerika Kusini]] — zimeanza kuufuata mfano kama huu. Katika Umoja wa Ulaya, nchi huru zimekusanya mamlaka yao katika mfumo wa mahakama na [[Bunge la Ulaya|taasisi za kisiasa]]. Taasisi hizi zinapewa uwezo wa kutekeleza kanuni za kisheria dhidi ya au kwa nchi wanachama na raia katika namna ambayo haiwezekani kupitia sheria ya umma ya kimataifa.<ref>Schermers–Blokker, ''International Institutional Law'', 943</ref> Kama [[Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki]] yalivyosema katika miaka ya 1960, sheria ya Umoja wa Umoja wa Ulaya hujumiusha "muundo mpya wa sheria ya kimataifa" kwa ajili ya faida inayotegemeana ya kijamii na kiuchumi wa nchi zote wanachama.<ref>See the [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61962J0026:EN:HTML C-26/62 ''Van Gend en Loos v Nederlanse Administratie Der Belastingen''], and [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61964J0006:EN:HTML ''Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.''] decisions of the European Court.</ref> === Sheria ya kikatiba na ya kiutawala === {{Main|Sheria ya kikatiba|Sheria ya kiutawala}} [[Picha:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|[[Azimio la Haki za Kibinadamu na za Raia]], ambalo kanuni zake bado zini thamani ya kikatiba]] Sheria ya kikatiba na kiutawala zinasimamia mambo ya nchi. [[Sheria ya kikatiba]] inahusisha uhusiano baina ya serikali, bunge na mahakama na [[haki za kibinadamu]] au [[uhuru wa kiraia]] wa watu binafsi dhidi ya nchi. Maeneo mengi ya kisheria, kama vile [[Sheria ya Marekani|Marekani]] na [[Sheria ya Ufaransa|Ufaransa]], zina katiba moja iliyoandikwa kwa makini, iliyo na [[Muswada wa Haki]]. Katiba chache kama vile [[Sheria la Uingereza|Uingereza]], hazina hati kama hiyo."Katiba" kwa ufupi ni zile sheria ambazo zinajumuisha [[mwili wa kisiasa]], kutoka [[kanuni]], [[sheria za uamuzi]] na [[Mkataba wa kikatiba(utamaduni wa kisiasa)|mkataba]]. Kesi kwa jina ''[[Entick dhidi ya Carrington]]''<ref>''[[Entick v Carrington]]'' (1765) 19 Howell's State Trials 1030; [1765] [http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/KB/1765/J98.html 95 ER 807]</ref> ilionyesha wazi kanuni ya kikatiba inayotokana na sheria ya kawaifa. Nyumba ya Bwana Entick ilifanyiwa upekekuzi na Afisa mmoja wa polisi aliyeitwa Carrington. Wakati Bwana Entick alipolalamika mbele ya mahakama, Afisa Carrington alidokeza kwamba kibali kutoka waziri wa Serikali, [[George Montague-Dunk, ali wa pili wa Halifax|Ali wa Halifax]], kilikuwa na mamlaka halali. Hata hivyo, hakukuwa na sheria iliyoandikwa au mamlaka ya kimahakama ambayo yalitoa uwezo huo.Hakimu mkuu, [[Charles Pratt, Ali wa kwanza wa Camden|Bwana Camden]], alisema, <blockquote>Mwisho mkubwa, ambao ulifanya watu kuingia katika jamii, ilikuwa kupata mali. Haki hiyo imetunzwa na ni takatifu na haiwezi kuondolewa wakati wowote, ambapo haijaondolewa au kufupishwa na sheria fulani ya umma kwa manufaa ya wote...Hakuna sababau inayoweza kupatikana au kutolewa, kimya cha vitabu ni mamlaka dhidi ya mshtakiwa, na aliyeathiriwa lazima atendewe haki.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.constitution.org/trials/entick/entick_v_carrington.htm | title=Entick v Carrington | work=19 Howell’s State Trials 1029 (1765) | publisher=Constitution Society | location=[[Marekani|US]] | accessdate=2008-11-13}}</ref></blockquote> Kanuni ya kimsingi ya kikatiba, ilitokana na [[Citabu viwili mbili kuhusu Serikali|John Locke]], inadokeza ya kwamba mtu binafsi anaweza kufanya isipokuwa kile ambacho kimekataliwa kisheria.<ref>Locke, ''The Second Treatise'', [[s:Two Treatises of Government/The Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government#2:9|Chapter 9, section 124]]</ref><ref>Tamanaha, ''On the Rule of Law'', 47</ref> Sheria ya utawala ndiyo mbinu msingi ya kufanya mashirika ya umma yawajibike. Watu wanaweza kutumia [[mapitio ya kimahakama]] kwa matendo au uamuzi uliofanywa na za halmashauri za mitaa, huduma za umma au wizara za serikali, kuhakikisha kuwa zinazingatia sheria. Mahakama ya kwanza ya maalum ya kiutawala yalikuwa mahakama ya ''[[Council of State (France)|Conseil d'État]]'' yaliyoundwa mnamo mwaka wa 1799, wakati [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] alipochukua mamlaka nchini Ufaransa.<ref name="A75">Auby, ''Administrative Law in France'', 75</ref> === Sheria ya jinai === {{Main|Sheria ya jinai}} Sheria ya jinai, inayojulikana pia kama sheria ya kuadhibu, inahusisha makosa na adhabu.<ref>[[Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria|Cesare Beccaria]]'s seminal treatise of 1763–1764 is titled ''On Crimes and Punishments'' (''[[Dei delitti e delle pene]]'').</ref> Kwa hivyo inapima ufafanuzi wa adhabu ya makosa yaliyopatikana kuwa na madhara yanaonekana kuwa na uwezo wa kusababisha uharibifu lakini, kwa undani, haifanyi uamuzi wa kimaadili kumhusu mkosaji wala kuwekea jamii vikwazo ambavyo vinakataza watu kimwili wasifanye makoa mwanzoni.<ref name="W2">Brody, Acker and Logan, ''Criminal Law'', 2; Wilson, ''Criminal Law'', 2</ref> Investigating, apprehending, charging, and trying suspected offenders is regulated by the law of [[criminal procedure]].<ref name="Br2">Brody, Acker and Logan, ''Criminal Law'', 2</ref> Kesi ya kidhana ya uhalifu inatokana na ushahidi, [[Mzigo wa Ushahidi|kuzidi shaka ya kuridhisha]], kuwa mtu ana hatia ya mambo mawili. Kwanza, mshtakiwa lazima awe amefanya kitendo ambacho kinatazamwa na jamii kuwa hatia, au ''[[actus reus]]'' (kitendo cha hatia).<ref>See e.g. Brody, Acker and Logan, ''Criminal Law'', 205 about ''[[Robinson v California]]'', 370 U.S. 660 (1962).</ref> Pili, lazima mshtakiwa awe na [[dhamira (jinai)|dhamira ya kufanya uharibifu]] ya kufanya kitendoo fulani cha jinai, au ''[[mens rea]]'' (akili ya hatia). Hata hivyo, kwa kile kinachojulikana kama hatia za "[[Dhima kali (jinai)|dhima kali]]", ''actus reus'' haitoshi.<ref>See e.g. Feinman, ''Law 111'', 260–261 about ''[[Powell v Texas]]'', 392 U.S. 514 (1968).</ref> Mifumo ya jinai ya utamaduni wa sheria ya raia zinatofautisha kati ya nia katika dhana pana (''dolus directus'' na ''dolus eventualis''), na uzembe. Uzembe hauna jukumu la jinai isipokuwa ambapo hatia fulani una adhabu yake maalum.<ref>Dörmann, Doswald-Beck and Kolb, ''Elements of War Crimes'', 491</ref><ref>Kaiser, ''Leistungsstörungen'', 333</ref> [[Picha:SalemWitchcraftTrial.jpg|thumb|left|Picha inayoonyesha [[kesi]] ya uhalifu, kwa sababu ya [[uchawi]] katika eneo la [[Kesi za wachawi za Salem|Salem]]]] Mifano ya uhalifu ni [[mauaji]], [[kushambulia]], [[udanganyifu]] na [[wizi]]. Katika mifano maalum utetezi unaweza kutumika kwa vitendo maalum, kama zile kuuwa ili [[nadharia ya utetezi wa kibinafsi|utetezi wa kibinafasi]], au katika nyakati maalum kujitetea kuwa [[utetezi wa wazimi|wazimu]]. Mfano mwingine ni katika kesi ya karne ya 19 ya ''[[Jamhuri dhidi ya Dudley na Stephens]]'', iliyopima utetezi wa "[[kimahitaji]]". Meli ya ''Mignonette'', iliyokuwa ikisafiri kutoka mji wa [[Southampton]] kuelekea mji wa [[Sydney]], ilizama. Wafanyikazi watatu wa meli hiyo na Richard Parker, kijana aliyekuwa na umri wa miaka 17, walibaki katika meli iliyoundwa na vijiti. Walikuwa na njaa na kijana yule alikuwa karibu kufa. Kwa sababu ya kuwa na njaa iliyokithiri, wafanyikazi hao walimuuwa kijana yule na kumla. Wafanyikazi hao waliokolewa, lakini wakafikishwa mahakamani huku wakiwa na hatia ya mauaji. Walijitetea kwa kusema kwamba ilihitajika kwa lazima kwa wao kumuuwa kijana yule ili kuyaokoa maisha yao. [[John Coleridge, Baroni wa Kwanza Coleridge|Bwana Coleridge]], akieleza kukataa kukubwa, aliamua, "kuhifadhi maisha ya kibinafsi ni, kwa kuzungumza kijumla, wajibu, lakini inaweza kuwa jukumu kuu kuyatoa maisha hayo kama kafara." Wanaume hao walihukumiwa [[kunyongwa|nyonga]], lakini maoni ya umma uliunga mkono haki ya wafanyikazi wale wa meli kuyaokoa maisha yao. Mwishowe, [[Ufalme]] ulipunguza hukumu zao hadi miezi sita gerezani.<ref>About ''[[R v Dudley and Stephens]]'' [1884] [http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_bqb14040.html 14 QBD 273 DC] {{Wayback|url=http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_bqb14040.html |date=20050228224504 }}, see Simpson, ''Cannibalism and the Common Law'', 212–217, 229–237</ref> Makosa ya jinai yanatambulika si tu kama makosa dhidi ya waathirika binafsi, lakini jamii pia.<ref name="W2" /> Taifa, kawaida likisaidiwa na polisi, huongoza mashitaka, basi hiyo ndiyo sababu mbona katika nchi zenye sheria ya kawaida kesi hutajwa kama "''Watu'' dhidi ya..." au "''Jamhuri'' (kwa [[Ufalme|"Rex"]] au [[Malkia reginanti|Regina]]) dhidi ya..." Pia, [[jopo la waamuzi]] ambao hutokana na raia wa kawaida hutumika kuamua hatia ya washitakiwa kutokna na pointi zinazoweza kubainika ukweli: jopo la waamuzi haliwezi kubadilisha kanuni za kisheria. Baadhi ya nchi zilizostawi bado hutumia [[adhabu ya kifo]] kwa matendo ya jinai lakini adhabu ya kawaida ya uhalifu itakuwa ni [[gereza|kufungwa gereza]], [[faini]] usimamizi wa taifa (kama vile probesheni), au [[huduma ya kijamii]]. Sheria ya kisasa ya jinai imeathiriwa vilivyo na sayansi ya jamii, hasa kuhusu [[hukumu(sheria)|kuhukumu]], utafiti wa kisheria, kuunda sheria, na [[kuwasaidia wahalifu kurekesha mwenedo wao]].<ref>Pelser, ''Criminal Legislation'', 198</ref> Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, nchi 108 [[Mktaba wa Sheria ya Roma ya Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai|wanachama]] wa [[Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai]], ambayo ilianzishwa kuwahukumu watu kwa [[hatia dhidi ya ubinadamu]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040605155639/http://www.icc-cpi.int/statesparties.html The States Parties to the Rome Statute], International Criminal Court</ref> === Sheria ya mkataba === {{Main|Mkataba}} [[Picha:carbolic smoke ball co.jpg|thumb|Tangazo maarufu la kampuni ya Carbolic Smoke Ball lidai kuwa lingeweza kutibu [[homa]]. Mahakama yaliamua kuwa tangazo hilo lilikuwa [[mkataba wa mtu yeyote]]]] Sheria ya mkataba inahusu ahadi zinazowezwa kutendwa, na inaweza kuandikwa kwa ufupi katika maneno ya Kilatini''[[pacta sunt servanda]]'' (ahadi lazima zitimizwe).<ref>Wenberg, ''Pacta Sunt Servanda'', 775</ref> Katika maeneo ya kimamlaka ya sheria ya kawaida, vipengele vitatu muhimu kuhusu utengenezaji wa mkataba vinahitajika: [[kutoa na kukubali]], [[kutilia maanani]] na nia ya kutengeneza uhusiano wa kisheria.Katika kesi ya ''[[Carlill shisi ya Kampuni ya Carbolic Smoke Ball]]'' kampuni ya matibabu ilitangaza kuwa dawa yake mpya ya ajabu, smokeball, ingewatibu watu kutokana na mafua, na ikiwa haingefaulu kuwatibu, wanunuzi wangepata [[paundi za Kistaling'i|£]] 100. Watu wengi waliwasilisha kesi mahakamani ili wapate £100 zao wakati dawa hiyo iliposhindwa kuwatibu. Ikiogopa [[kufilisika]], Kampuni ya Carbolic ilijitetea kwa kusema kuwa tangazo lile lilikuwa mzaha tu, na kwa hivyo halikuwa toleo lenye nguvu za kisheria. Lilikuwa [[karibisho]], mchezo tu. Lakini mahakama ya rufaa yaliamua kuwa kwa [[mtu mwenye kufikiria kwa kawaida]] kampuni ya Carbolic ilikuwa imefanya toleo. Watu walikuwa wametoa kusudi la kununua bidhaa ile kwa kupitia "shida bayana" ya kutumia bidhaa yenye hitilafu. "Soma tangazo vile utakavyo, na ulibadilishe tangazo hilo vile utakavyo", alisema [[Nathaniel Lindley, Baroni Lindley|Hakimu Lindley]], "haa kuna ahadi maalum ilitajwa katika lugha isyokuwa na utata wowote".<ref name="CCSBCE">About ''[http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_r9321042.html Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company] {{Wayback|url=http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_r9321042.html |date=20041205104916 }}'' [[Case citation|[1893] 1 QB 256]], and the element of consideration, see Beale and Tallon, ''Contract Law'', 142–143</ref> "Kutilia maanani" knaonyesha ukweli kwamba vyama vyote katika mkataba vimebadilisha kitu fulani chenye maana. Baadhi ya mifumo ya sheria ya kawaida, ikiwemo Australi, zinasonga mbali kutoka dhana ya kutilia maanani kama mojawapo ya mahitaji ya mkataba. Dhana ya "[[estoppel]]" au ''culpa in contrahendo'', inaweza kutumika kuunda wajibu wakati mazungumzo kabla ya kuingia mkataba<ref>''[[Austotel v Franklins]]'' (1989) 16 NSWLR 582</ref> Katika maeneo ya kisheria ya kiraia, kutilia maanani si lazima kwa mkataba kuwa na nguvu ya kisheria.<ref>e.g. In Germany, [http://dejure.org/gesetze/BGB/311.html § 311 Abs. II] [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|BGB]]</ref> Nchini Ufaransa, mkataba wa kawaida unasemekana kutokea ambapo "kukutana kwa akili" au kwa "kuwa na nia zinazowiana". [[Sheria ya Ujerumani|Ujerumani]] ina mtazamio maalum kuhusu mikataba, ambayo inayusisha sheria ya mali. [[Kanuni ya dhana ya kiakili]] (''Abstraktionsprinzip'' wanayoitumia, inamaanisha kuwa wajibu wa kibinafsi wa mkataba unaundwa kando na jina la mwenye mali yanayokabidhiwa. Wakati ambapo mikataba inavunjwa kwa sababu fulani (kwa mfano mnunuzi wa gari amelewa kiasi kwamba hana uwezo wa kisheria wa kufanya mkataba)<ref>[http://dejure.org/gesetze/BGB/105.html § 105 Abs. II] [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|BGB]]</ref> Wajibu wa kimkataba wa kulipa unaweza kuvunjwa tofauti na jina la mwenye gari. Sheria ya [[kutajirika kusio kwa haki]], badala ya sheria tya mkataba, basi inatumika kurudisha jina kwa mmiliki halali.<ref>Smith, ''The Structure of Unjust Enrichment Law'', 1037</ref> === Sheria ya ukiukaji wa wajibu === {{Main|Ukiukaji wa wajibu}} Sheria ya ukiukaji wa wajibu, ambayo wakati mwingine huitwa [[kosa la jinai]], ni makosa ya raia. Kuwa na kosa la ukiukaji wa wajibu, mtu lazima awe amekiuka wajibu aliukwa anafaa kumtendea mty mwingine, au kukiuka haki fulani ya awali ya kisheria. [[Bolton dhidi ya Stone|mfano]] unaweza kuwa kumgonga mtu kimakosa na mpira wa mchezo wa kriketi.<ref>''[[Bolton v Stone]]'' [1951] AC 850</ref> Chini ya sheria ya [[uzembe]], ambayo ndiyo aina ya ukiukaji wa wajibu maarufu zaidi, mtu aliyepatwa na madhara anaweza kuomba fidia kwa ya majeraha yake kutoka kwa mtu mwenye uwajibikaji. Kanuni za uzembe zinaonyeshwa na kesi ya ''[[Donoghue dhidi ya Stevenson]]''.<ref name="DvS">''[[Donoghue v Stevenson]]'' ([[Case citation#England and Wales|[1932] A.C. 532, 1932 S.C. (H.L.) 31, [1932] All ER Rep 1]]). See the original text of the case in [http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/donoghue.htm UK Law Online] {{Wayback|url=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/donoghue.htm |date=20070216044953 }}.</ref> Rafiki mmoja wa Bi. Donoghue aliagiza chupa isiyopenyeka nuru la [[pombe ya tangawizi]] (iliyokusudiwa kutumika na Bi. Donoghue) katika mkahawa katika eneo la [[Paisley]]. Baada ya kunya kunya nusu ya bia ile , Bi, Donoghue alimimina iliyosalia katika bilauri. Mabaki yaliyooza ya konokono yalielea juu ya pombe. Alidai kuwa alipigwa na bumbuwazi, na kupata ugonjwa wa kuchomeka ndani ya matumbo, na ilimbidi kumpeleka mtengenezaji pombe kwa kuruhusu kinywaji kuchafuka ovyo. [[Nyumba ya Mabwana]] iliamua kwamba mtengezaji pombe aliwajibika kwa ugonjwa wa Bi. Donoghue. [[Bwana Atkin]] alikuwa na mtazamo maalum wa kimaadili, na akasema, <blockquote>Dhima ya upuuzaji ... bila shaka ina msingi wake katika mawazo ya kijumla ya umma kuhusu makosa ya kimaadili amabyo mkosaji lazima alipe ... Kanuni ya kuwa unafaa kumpenda adui yako, kisheria inakuwa, haufai kumjeruhi jirani yako; na swali la wakili, nani ndiye jirani yangu? linapokea jibu lenye vikwazo. Lazima uwe na uwangalifu wa kuepuka na vitendo au visa ambapo hautendi lolote inapofaa, ambavyo unaweza kutazamia kuwa vikamjeruhi jirani yako.<ref>''[[Donoghue v Stevenson]]'' [1932] AC 532, 580</ref></blockquote> Huu ulikuwa msingi wa kanuni nne za upuuzaji; (1) Bwana Stevenson alimdai Bi. Donoghue [[wajibu wa kujali]] wa kuuza vinywaji salama (2) yeye [[Kuvuna kwa jukumu katika Sheria ya Kiingereza|alivunja]] wajibu wake wa kujali (3) madhara hayangefanyika [[usababishaji (sheria)|isipokuwa kwa]] kuvunja kwake kwa wajibu wa kujali na (4) tendo lake lilikuwa [[sababau ya karibu]], au haikuwa tokeo la [[Umbali katika Sheria ya Kiingereza|mbali]], la madhara yaliyompata mtu fulani.<ref name="DvS" /> Mfano mwingine wa ukikaji wa wajibu unaweza kuwa wa jirani ambaye anapiga kelele nyingi sana na na mashine katika nyumbani kwake.<ref name="Sturges">''[[Sturges v Bridgman]]'' (1879) 11 Ch D 852</ref> Chini ya dai la [[kero]] kelele hiyo inaweza kukomeshwa. Ukiukaji wa wajibu pia inaweza kuhusisha vitendo vya kimakusudi, kama vile [[ushambulizi (ukiukaji wa wajibu)|ushambulizi]], [[vita(ukiukaji wa wajibu)|vita]] au [[kuvuka na kuingia katka maeneo yaliyopigwa marufuku]]. Sheria ya ukiukaji wa wajibu inayofahamika vyema ni ile ya [[kumharibia mtu jina]], ambayo inafanyika, kwa mfano, wakati gazeti linapochapisha madai yasiyokuwa na msingi ambayo yanaharibu sifa ya mwanasiasa fulani.<ref>e.g. concerning a British politician and the Iraq War, ''[[George Galloway v Telegraph Group Ltd]]'' [2004] EWHC 2786</ref> Ukiukaji wa wajibu ambao ni mbaya zaidi ni zile wa kiuchumi, ambao huwa msingi wa [[sheria ya ajira]] katika baadhi ya nchi kwa kufanya vyama vya kibiashara kuwa na dhima kwa sababu ya migomo,<ref>''[[Taff Vale Railway Co v Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants]]'' [1901] AC 426</ref> Wakati ambapo amri ya kisheria haipatiani kinga.<ref>In the UK, [[Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992]]; c.f. in the U.S., [[National Labor Relations Act]]</ref> === Sheria ya mali === {{Main|Sheria ya mali}} [[Picha:South Sea Bubble.jpg|thumb|Picha ya [[Bubujiko la Bahari ya Kusini]], mojawapo ya majanga ya kiuchumi yalilotokana na [[uvumi]]. Janga hilo la kiuchumi lilisababisha kuundwa kwa kanuni kali kuhusu uuzaji wa hisa.<ref>Harris, ''The Bubble Act'', 610-627</ref>]] Sheria ya [[mali]] inatawala vitu vya thamani ambavyo watu huvitambua kama 'vyao'. [[Mali ya kweli]] wakati mwingine huitwa 'mali isiyohamishika' inahusu umiliki wa ardhi na vitu vilivyojikita katika ardhi hiyo.<ref>eg ''[[Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd]]'' [1997] [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199697/ldjudgmt/jd970424/hunter01.htm 2 All ER 426]</ref> [[Mali ya kibinafsi]], inaashiria mambo mengineyo; vyombo vinavyowezwa kusongeshwa, kama vile tarakilishi, magari, mapambo na mikate au turathi haki, kama vile [[hisa (fedha)|akiba na hisa]]. Haki ya ''[[in rem]]'' ni haki ya kipande maalum cha mali, ikitofautishwa na haki ''[[in personam]]'' ambayo inaruhusu fidia kwa hasara, lakini si kwa kurudishiwa kitu fulani. Sheria ya ardhi inajumuisha msingi wa aina nyingi za sheria za mali, na ndiyo ngumu zaidi. Inahusisha [[mogeji]], [[mikataba ya kukodisha]], [[leseni]], [[maagano]], [[ruhusa]] na mifumo ya kisheria kwa usajili wa ardhi. Kanuni kuhusu [[matumizi ya ardhi]] ya kibinafsi chini ya [[haki miliki]], [[kampuni (law)|sheria ya kampuni]], [[sheria ya hifadhi|hifadhi]] na [[sheria ya biashara]]. Mfano wa kesi msingi ya ya sheria nyingii za mali ni ''[[Armory v Delamirie]]''.<ref>''[[Armory v Delamirie]]'' (1722) 93 ER 664, 1 Strange 505</ref> Kijana wa [[kufagia chimni]] alipata pambo lenye mawe ya thamani. Alichukua pambo lile kwa muundaji wa vifaa vya dhahabu ili thamani yake ikadiriwe. Mwanafunzi wa muundaji wa vifaa vya dhahabu aliangalia pambo lile, akaiba mawe yale ya thamani, ma kumuambia kijana yule kuwa thamani yake ilkuwa [[Nusu peni (Pesa ya Uingereza)|nusu peni]] tatu na kuwa angeinunua. Kijana yule alimwambia kuwa angepenga arudishiwe pambo lile, kwa hivyo mwanafunzi wa muundaji vifaa alimrudishia pambo, lakini bila mawe yale ya thamani. Kijana yule alimpeleka mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya dhahabu kotini kwa jaribio la mwanafunzi wake kumdanganya. [[Bwana Hakimu Mkuu Pratt]] aliamua kuwa ingawa kijana hangesemekana kuwa mumiliki wa pambo lile, angefaa kutazamwa kama mpataji aliyefaa ("mpataji muwekaji") hadi mumiliki wa kiasili anapopatikana. Kwa kweli mwanafunzi na kijana yule wote walikuwa na haki ya ''[[Umiliki (sheria)|umiliki]]'' wa pambo lile (dhana ya kiufundi, inayomaanisha kuwa kitu fulani ''kingeweza'' kumilikiwa na mtu fulani), lakini nia ya kijana yule ya kumiliki ilitazamiwa kuwa bora zaidi, kwa sababu ingeweza kudhihirishwa kuwa ya kwanza katika wakati. Umiliki unaweza kuwa sehemu tisa kwa kumi ya sheria, lakini si yote. Kesi hii hutumika kudhihirisha mtazamo wa mali katika maeneo ya kisheria ya kawaida, kuwa mtu anayeweza kuonyesha dai bora zaidi la kipande cha mali, dhidi ya chama kingine, ndiye mumiliki.<ref>Matthews, ''The Man of Property'', 251–274</ref> Kwa kulinganisha, mbinu ya kiklasiki ya sheria ya raia kuhusu mali, iliendelezwa na [[Friedrich Carl von Savigny]], ni kuwa ni haki nzuri dhidi ya Ulimwengu. Wajibu, kama mkataba na ukiukaji wa wajibu hutazamwa kama haki nzuri dhidi ya watu binafsi.<ref>Savigny, ''Das Recht des Besitzes'', [http://dlib-pr.mpier.mpg.de/m/kleioc/0010/exec/bigpage/%22235083_00000057%22 25] {{Wayback|url=http://dlib-pr.mpier.mpg.de/m/kleioc/0010/exec/bigpage/%22235083_00000057%22 |date=20080418181513 }}</ref> Dhana ya mali inaibua maswala mengi zaidi ya kifalsafa na kisiasa. Locke alidokeza kwamba "maisha, uhuru na nyumba" zetu ni mali yetu kwa sababu tunamiliki mali yetu na [[Nadharia ya ajira ya mali|tunachangayana ajira yetu]] na mazingira yetu.<ref>Locke, ''[[s:Two Treatises of Government/The Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government|Second Treatise on Civil Government]]'', Chap. IX. Of the Ends of Political Society and Government. Chapter 9, section 123.</ref> === Usawa na amana === {{Main|Usawa (sheria)|sheria ya amana}} [[Picha:Microcosm of London Plate 022 - Court of Chancery, Lincoln's Inn Hall edited.jpg|thumb|[[Mahakama ya Chancery]], London, mwanzoni mwa karne ya 19]] Usawa na amana ni mwili wa sheria ulioibuka nchini Uingereza kando na "shera ya kawaida". Sheria ya kawaida ilisimamiwa na mahakimu. [[Bwana Chansela]] kwa upnade mwingine, kama muwekaji dhamiri wa mfalme, angeweza kupuuza sheria iliyotengenezwa na hakimu ikiwa alifikiria kuwa ilikuwa sawa kufanya hivyo.<ref>McGhee, ''Snell's Equity'', 7</ref> Hili lilimaanisha kuwa usawa ulianza kufanya kazi zaidi kupitia [[Malengo ya usawa|kanuni]] bali si sheria ambazo hazikubadilika. Kwa mfano, ambapo mifumo ya sheria ya kawaida au sheria ya raia haiwaruhusu watu kugawa umiliki wa kutoka kwa udhibiti wa kipande kimoja cha mali, usawa unaruhusu hili kupitia mpango unaoitwa 'amana'. Kudhibitiwa kwa mali na 'wenye amana' ambapo kwa upande mwingine umiliki 'wenye manufaa' (au 'yenye usawa') wa mali ya amana inashikiliwa na watu wanojulikana kama 'wadhamini'. Wadhamini wana wajibu kwa walengwa wao wa kuyachuna vyema mali waliyokabidhiwa.<ref>c.f. ''[[Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew]]'' [1998] Ch 1</ref> Katika kesi ya awali ya ''[[Keech dhidi ya Sandford]]''<ref>''[[Keech v Sandford]]'' (1726) Sel Cas Ch 61</ref> mtoto alirithi haki ya [[kokodisha]] katika [[Soko la Romford|soko]] katika eneo la [[Ramford]], mjini London. Bw, Sandford alikabidhiwa mali hayo hadi wakati ambapo mtoto angekomaa. Lakini kabla ya hapo, kipindi cha kukodisha kilikwisha. Kabaila alikuwa (inaonekana) amemwambia Bw. Sandford kuwa hakutaka mtoto yule awe na kukodisha kupya. Lakini bado kabaila alikuwa amefurahi (inaonekana) kumpa Bw. Sandford fursa ya kukodisha. Bw Sandford aliichukua. Wakati ambapo mtoto (sasa Bw. Keech) alikuwa mkubwa, alimpeleka Bw. Sandford mahakamani kwa faida aliyokuwa akipata kwa kupata kukodisha kwa soko. Bw. Sandford alifaa kuaminika, lakini alijiweka katika nafasi ya [[mgongano wa maslahi]]. [[Bwana Kansela]], [[Peter King, Baroni wa Kwanza Mfalme|Bwana Mfalme]], alikubali na kumuamuru Bw. Sandford kutoa faida ile na kumlipa Bw. Keech. Aliandika, {{quote|Ninaona vizuri sana kuwa, ikiwa mdhamini, akikataa kufanya kukodesha upya, anaweza kuwa na kukodesha kwake mwenyewe mali chache ya kiamana yangesajiliwa upya ... Hili linaweza kuonekana kuwa gumu sana, kuwa mdhamini ndiye mtu wa kipekee kwa binadamu wote ambaye hatakuwa na kukodisha; lakini ni bora kanuni ifuatiliwe na isipuuzwe wakati wowote.}} Bila shaka, Bwana Mfalme LC alikuwa na wasiwasi kwamba wadhamini huenda wakatumia fursa ya kutumia mali ya amana wenyewe badala ya kuyachunga. Wadadisi wa kibiashara wanaotumia hifadhi walikuwa wamesababisha [[Mbubujiko wa Bahari ya Kusini|kuaguka kwa soko la hisa]] katika siku hizo. Wajibu mkali kwa wadhamini ulijumuishwa katika sheria ya serikali na kutumika kwa wakurugenzi wa makampuni na [[maafisa watendaji wakuu]]. Mfano mwingine wa jukumu la mdhamini unaweza kuwa kuwekeza mali vizuri au kuiuza.<ref>''[[Nestle v National Westminster Bank plc]]'' [1993] 1 WLR 1260</ref> Hii hasa ndiyo kesi kwa fedha za [[pensheni]] , aina muhimu kwa zote ya amana, ambapo wawekezaji ndio wadhamini wa akiba za watu hadi [[wastaafu]]. Lakini amana pia zinaweza kuundwa kwa [[hisani ya amana|madhumuni ya hisani]], mifano maarufu ikiwa [[Makavazi ya Uingereza]] au [[Shirika la Rockefeller]]. === Utaalamu zaidi === Sheria huenea mbali kuliko masomo ya msingi hadi karibu kila eneo la maisha. Ngazi tatu zimetajwa hapa ili kurahisiha majadiliano, ingawa masomo mbalimbali hufanana na kutegemeana. ;Sheria na jamii [[Picha:Unison strike rally Oxford 20060328.jpg|thumb|Chama cha wafanyikazi kilichoundwa na kikundi cha [[UNISON]] walipogoma]] * '''[[Sheria ya ajira]]''' ni somo la uhusiano wa mara tatu wa kiwandani kati ya mfanyikazi, muajiri na [[chama cha wafanyikazi]]. Hili linahusisha kupunguza [[kufanya biashara]] kwa pamoja, na haki ya [[kugoma]]. Sheria ya kuajiriwa kwa binafsi inaashiria haki za maeneo ya kazi, kama zile [[usalama wa kazi]], [[afya na usalama]] au [[mshahara wa chini zaidi]]. * '''[[Haki za kibinadamu]]''', [[Haki za kiraia na kisiasa|haki za kiraia]] na [[sheria ya haki za kibinadamu]] ni maeneo muhimu katika kumhakikishia kila mtu uhuru na haki za kimsingi, Haya yanapatikana katika maadiko kama vile [[Azimio la Ulimwenguni la Haki za Kibinadamu]], [[Mkataba wa Ulaya wa Haki za Kibinadamu]] (iliyoanzisha [[Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki za Kibinadamu]]) na [[Mswada wa Marekani wa Haki|Mswada wa Marekani wa Haki za Kibinadamu]]. [[Mkataba wa Lisbon]] unafanya [[Mkataba wa Haki za Msingi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] uwe na nguvu za kisheria katika nchi zote wanachama isipokuwa [[Polandi na Uingereza]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080910001253/http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/documents/downloads/guide_to_treaty_of_lisbon.pdf A Guide to the Treaty of Lisbon], The Law Society</ref> * '''[[Utaratibu wa Kiraia]]''' na '''[[utaratibu wa jinai]]''' unahusisha kanuni ambazo mahakama lazima yafuate kadiri [[trial]] na rufaa zinapoendelea. Yote yanahusu haki ya raia kupata [[kuhukumiwa kwa haki]] au kesi yake kusikizwa kwa haki. * '''[[Ushahidi (sheria)|Ushahidi]]'''. Sheria ya ushahidi inahusu vifaa vinavyofaa kutumika mahakamani ili kesi ijengwe. * '''[[Sheria ya Uhamiaji]]''' na '''[[sheria ya utaifa]]''' zinahusu haki za wageni kuishi na kufanya kazi katika taifa ambalo si lao na kupata na kupoteza [[uraia]]. Yote yanahusu [[haki ya hifadhi]] na shida ya watu [[wasiokuwa na nchi]] * '''[[Usalama wa Kijamii]]'''. Sheria ya usalama wa kijamii inahusu haki za watu kuwa na bima ya kijamii, kama vile pesa zinazopewa watafuta kazi au faida za makazi. * '''[[Sheria ya familia]]''' inahusu kesi za [[ndoa]] na [[talaka]] proceedings, haki za watoto na haki za kuwa na mali na pesa ikiwa wenye kufanya ndoa watatengana. ;Sheria na biashara * '''[[Sheria ya kikampuni]]''' ilitokana na sheria ya amana, ikitegemea kanuni ya kutenganisha umiliki na udhibiti.<ref>Berle, ''Modern Corporation and Private Property''</ref> Sheria ya kisasa ya [[kampuni (sheria)|kampuni]] ilianza na [[Sheria ya Kampuni za Pamoja za Akiba ya mwaka 1856]], iliyopitishwa nchini Uingereza, ambayo iliwapa wawekezaji mbinu rahisi ya usajili ili kupata [[dhima ya kupimika]] chini ya dhana ya [[Mtu wa kisheria|mtu tofauti]] wa kampuni. * '''[[Sheria ya kibiashara]]''' inahusu mkataba tata wa mkataba na mali. Sheria ya [[shirika (sheria)|shirika]], [[sheria ya bima]], [[bili za kubadilishana]], [[ufilisi]] na [[Sheria ya kuufungwa kwa biashara]] na sheria ya uuzaji zote ni muhimu, na zinarudi nyuma hadi dhana ya ''[[Mfanyibiashara wa sheria|Lex Mercatoria]]'' ya zama za kati. [[Sheria ya Kuuza Bidhaa na Ukahaba wa Watoto ya Mwaka 1979|Sheria ya Kuuza Bidhaa]] ya Uingereza na [[Kodi Sawa ya Biashara]] ya Marekani ni mifano ya kanuni za kibiashara ya sheria ya kawaida * '''[[Sheria ya maji]]''' na '''[[Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Sheria ya Maji|Sjeria ya Maji]]''' zinaweka muundo msingi wa biashara huru na biashara Duniani kote Baharini, ambapo yamo nje ya eneo la udhibiti wa nchi fulani. Makampuni ya meli yanafanya kazi kwa kutumia kanuni za kawaida za sheria ya biashara, ambazo zimefanywa kuwa jumla kwa soko la kimataifa. Sheria ya maji inajumuisha masuala muhimu kama vile kama vile [[kuokoa vifaa kutoka baharini]], [[Lien#|lieni za maji]], na majeraha kwa abiria. * '''[[Miliki Sheria]]''' inalenga aims at safeguarding creators and other producers of intellectual goods and services. These are legal rights ([[copyright]]s, [[trademark]]s, [[patent]]s, and [[related right]]s) which result from intellectual activity in the industrial, literary and artistic fields.<ref>WIPO, ''Intellectual Property'', 3</ref> * '''[[Fidia]]''' inashughulika na kupata mapato ya mtu mwingine, bali si [[fidia]] kwa hasara ya kibinafsi * '''[[Kutajirika isipofaa]]''' ndiyo nguzo ya tatu ya sheria ya raia (pamoja na mkataba na ukiukaji wa wajibu). Wakati ambapo mtu fulani ametajirishwa isipofaa (au kuna "kutokuwepo kwa msingi" wa biashara) kwa gharama ya mawingine, tukio hili linazalisha haki ya fidia ili kugeuza faida hiyo. ;Sheria na vikwazo [[Picha:1930-67B.png|thumb| Sakafu ya biashara ya [[Soko la Hisa la New York]] baada ya [[kuanguka kwa Wall Street mnamo mwaka wa 1929]], kabla ya sheria kali zaidi za [[vikwazo vya kibenki]] vilipoanza kutumika]] * '''[[Sheria ya kodi]]''' inahusu kanuni kuhusu [[kodi ya thamani iliyoongezwa]], [[kodi ya kampuni]], [[kodi ya mapato]]. * '''[[Kanuni za kibenki|Sheria za kibenki]]''' na [[kanuni za kifedha]] zinaweka viwango vya chini zaidi kuhusu idadi ya mtaji ambao benki zinaweza kuwa nao, na sheria kuhusu utendaji bora wa uwekezaji. Hili ni kwa minajili ya kuhakikisha ulinzi dhidi ya taabu za kiuchumi, kama vile[[Kunguka kwa soko la Wall Street mnamo mwaka wa 1929]]. * '''[[Vikwazo]]''' vinashughulika na utoaji wa [[huduma za umma]] na usimamizi wa [[vifaa vya umma]].'''[[Sheria ya maji]]''' ni mfano mmoja. Hasa tangu [[ubinafshaji]] uwe maarufu na uchukue usimamizi wa huduma kutoka kwa sheria ya umma, makampuni ya kibinafsi ambayo hapo yalikuwa yakifanya kazi iliyodhitiwa na serikali hapo awali yamefungwa na vyeo mbalimbali vya wajibu wa kijamii. [[Sera za Nishati|Nishati]], [[Ofgem|gesi]], [[sera za mawasiliano|mawasiliano]] na [[sheria ya maji|maji]] zinadhibitiwa na viwanda katika nchi nyingi za [[Shirika la Muungano wa Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi|OECD]]. * '''[[Sheria ya mashindano]]''', nchini Marekani inajulikana kama sheria [[dhidi ya amana]], ni eneo linalozidi kubadilika ambalo lilianza katika kutokana na amri za [[Roma ya Kale|Kirumi]] dhidi ya [[kuweka bei]] na mafundisho ya Uingereza ya [[biashara ya makini]]. Sheria ya kisasa ya mashindano inatokana na sheria za Marekani dhidi ya biashara za magendo na dhidi ya ukiritimba ([[Sheria ya Sherman]] na [[Sheria ya Clyaton]]) ya mwisho wa karne ya 20. Inatumika kudhibiti biashara zinazojaribu kutumia ushawishi wao wa kiuchumi kubadilisha biashra za sokoni bila kujali [[maslahi ya mnunuzi]]. * '''[[Kumlinda mnunuzi|Sheria ya mnunuzi]]''' inaweza kujumuisha chochote kuanzia kanuni kuhusu [[vifungu vya mikataba]] ambavyo si sawa hadi maelekezo kuhusu bima ya mizigo ya ndege. * '''[[Sheria ya mazingira]]''' inazidi kuwa muhimu, hasa katika mwanga wa [[Itifaki ya Kyoto]] na hatari inayoweza kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya hali ya anga]]. Ulinzi wa kimazingira pia intumika kuwaadhibu [[uharibifu wa mazingira|wanaoharibu mazingira]] katika mifumo ya kisheria ya kiinchi == Mifumo ya sheria == {{Main|Mifumo ya sheria duniani}} Kwa ujumla, mifumo ya kisheria inaweza kugawanywa kati ya mifumo ya kisheria ya kiraia na mifumo ya kisheria ya kawaida.<ref>Modern scholars argue that the significance of this distinction has progressively declined; the numerous [[legal transplants]], typical of modern law, result in the sharing by modern legal systems of many features traditionally considered typical of either common law or civil law (Mattei, ''Comparative Law and Economics'', 71)</ref> Maneno "sheria ya kiraia" yanayoashiria mfumo wa kisheria hayapaswi kuchanganyishwa na "sheria ya kiraia" kama kundi la masomo ya kisheria ambayo ni tofauti na [[sheria ya umma]] au ya jinai. Aina ya tatu ya mfumo wa kisheria—inayokubalika bado na baadhi ya nchi ambazo zina [[utengano wa kanisa na taifa]]—ni sheria sheria ya kidini, ambayo ina msingi wake katika [[maandiko ya kidini]]. Aina ya mfumo amabo nchi inatumia kutawala mara nyingi kudhamiriwa na historia yake, uhusiano wake na nchi zingine au kushikilia kwake kwa viwango vya kimataifa. [[Vyanzo vya sheria|Vyanzo]] ambavyo maneneo fulani ya kisheria hutumia kama kama zenye uwezo wa kuwa nguvu za kisheria ndizo sifa fafanuzi za mfumo wowote wa kisheria. Hata hivyo, uainishaji ni jambo la umbo kuliko maana, kwani sheria sawa mara nyingi hutawala. === Sheria ya kiraia === {{Main|Sheria ya kiraia}} [[Picha:Code Civil 1804.png|thumb|Ukurasa wa kwanza wa toleo la mwaka wa 1804 la [[Sheria za Kinapoleoni]]]] Sheria ya kiraia ni mfumo wa kisheria unaotumika katika nchi nyingi Duniani. Katika sheria ya kiraia vyanzo vinavyotambulika kama kuwa na mamlaka, ni, haswa, uundaji wa sheria—haswa [[Kuandika sheria (sheria)|sheria zilizoandikwa]] katika [[katiba]] au [[amri]] zinazopitishwa na serikali—na tamaduni.<ref>Civil law jurisdictions recognise custom as "the other source of law"; hence, scholars tend to divide the civil law into the broad categories of "written law" (''ius scriptum'') or legislation, and "unwritten law" (''ius non scriptum'') or custom. Yet they tend to dismiss custom as being of slight importance compared to legislation (Georgiadis, ''General Principles of Civil Law'', 19; Washofsky, ''Taking Precedent Seriously'', 7).</ref> Sheria za kuandikwa zinapatikana hata katika miaka mingi ya awali , huku mfano mmoja ukiwa [[Sheria ya Hammurabi|Codex Hammurabi]] ya [[sheria ya Kibebeli|Kibabeli]]. Mifumo ya sheria za kiraia ya kisasa inatokana na mazoezi ya kisheria ya [[Dola la Kirumi]] ambalo maadiko yake yalipatikana katika Ulaya ya [[Zama za Kati]]. Sheria ya Kirumu katika siku za [[Jamhuri ya Kiruma]] na Dola la Kirumi lilitegemea sana utaratibu, na ilikosa daraja la kitaaluma.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 18</ref> Badala uake mtu wa kawaida aliyeitwa, ''iudex'', alichagukiwa kufanya uamuzi. Kesi za awali hazikuripotiwa, kwa hivyo sheria yoyote yenye msingi katika kesi iliyoibuka ilifichwa na hata kutotambulika.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 21</ref> Kila kesi ilikuwa ilimuliwe upya kutokana na sheria za nchi, ambayo ni sawa na kupungua kwa umuhimu (kinadharia) wa uamuzi wa mahakimu kwa kesi za siku za usoni kwa mufumo ya kisheria siku za leo. Katika kipindi cha karne ya 6 NK katika [[Dola la Kibaizanti|Dola la Mashariki la Roma]], Kaisari [[Justinian I]] aliandika na kuzikusanya pamoja sheria ambazo zilikuwa zinapatikana hapo awali katika Roma, ambapo kile kilichobakia kilikuwa sehemu moja juu ya ishirini ya kiwango cha maandiko ya kisheria kutoka awali.<ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 32</ref> Hili ikawa inafahamika kama ''[[Corpus Juris Civilis]]''. Kwa mujibu wa mwanahistoria mmoja wa kisheria, "Justinian alitazama kwa uangalifu hadi miaka ya dhahabu ya nyuma ya sheria ya Kirumi na alilenga kuirejesha hadi upeo wake wa karne tatu za awali."<ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 35</ref> Wakati uo huo, Ulaya ya Magharibi ilitumbukia polepole katika [[Zama za Giza]], na haikuwa hadi karne ya 11ambapo wasomi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bologna]] walipoyagundua upya maandiko yaliyokuwa yamepotea na kuyatumia kuzitafsiri sheria zao.<ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 43</ref> Maandiko ya sheria za kiraia yenye msingi unaofanana kwa karibu na sheria ya Kirumu, sambamba na ushawishi mchache kutoka [[sheria za kidini]] kama vile [[sheria ya Kikanoni]] na [[Sharia|sheria ya Kiislamu]],<ref name>Badr, ''Islamic Law'', 187–198 [196–8]</ref><ref name="Makdisi"/> iliendelea kuenea kote baranii Ulaya hadi [[Zama za Kutaalamika|Kutaalmika]]; kisha, katika karne ya 19, Ufaransa, na [[Sheria iliyoandikwa ya Kiraia]], na Ujerumani, [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch]], zilifanya sheria zao zilizokuwa zimeandikwa kuwa za kisasa. Sheria hizi mbili zilizoandikwa zilisukuma vilivyo si tu mifumo ya kisheria ya nchi katika Bara Ulaya (kama vile Ugiriki), lakini pia tamaduni za kisheria za [[Sheria ya Ujapani|Ujapani]] na [[Korea ya Kusini|Kikorea]].<ref>Hatzis, ''The Short-Lived Influence of the Napoleonic Civil Code in Greece'', 253–263</ref><ref>Demirgüç-Kunt -Levine, ''Financial Structures and Economic Growth'', 204</ref> Leo, cnhi ambazo zina mifumo ya kisheria ya kiraia ni kama vile [[Sheria ya Urusi|Urusi]] na [[Sheria ya Demokrasia ya watu ya Uchina|Uchina]] na maeneo mengi ya Marekani ya [[Marekani ya Kati|Kati]] na [[Sheria ya Marekani ya Kusini|Marekani ya Kilatini]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html The World Factbook — Field Listing – Legal system] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html |date=20181226012138 }}, CIA</ref> Marekani inafuata sheria ya kawaida inayofafanuliwa hapa chini. === Sheria ya kawaida na usawa === {{Main|Sheria ya kawaida}} [[Picha:King John signing the Great Charter (Magna Carta) by English School.png|thumb|Mfalme Yohana wa Uingereza anatia sahini Magna Carta]] Sheria ya kawaida na usawa ni mifumo ya kisheria ambapo uamuzi wa mahakama yanakubalika wazi kuwa vyanzo vya sheria."Mafundisho ya utangulizi", au ''[[stare decisis]]'' (Kilatini kwa "kusimama kwa uamuzi") unamaanisha kuwa sumauzi unaofanywa na mahakama yenye mamlaka kubwa yanafunga mahakama yenye mamlaka ya chini. Mifumo ya kisheria ya kawaida hutumia amri mara chache sana, zinazopitishwa na bunge, lakini huenda zikafanya jaribio ambalo si la kitaratibu kuandika sheria zao kuliko katika "mfumo wa sheria wa kiraia". Sheria ya kawaida ina asili yake nchini Uingereza na imerithiwa na karibu nchi zote ambazo hapo awali zilihusika na [[Dola la Uingereza]] (isipokuwa Malta, [[sHERIA YA|Scotland]], na jimbo la Marekani la [[Sheria ya Louisiana|Louisiana]], na jimbo la Kanada la [[sheria ya Quebec|Quebec]]). Katika Uingereza wakati wa zama za kati, [[Ushindi wa Norman dhidi ya Uingereza|ushindi wa Norman]] ulisababisha kuungana kwa desturi mbalimbali za kikabila na hivyo basi kuunda sheria ya "kawaida" ya nchi yote. Labda ikisukumwa na [[Sheria ya Kiislamu|mazoea ya kisheria ya Kiislamu]] wakati wa [[Krusedi]],<ref name=Makdisi>Makdisi, ''The Islamic Origins'', 1635–1739</ref> sheria ya kawaida iliendelea ambapo Mfalme wa Kiingereza alikuwa amefanywa kuwa dhaifu na gharama kubwa ya vita vywa kudhibiti sehemu kubwa za Ufaransa. [[Yohana wa Uingereza|Mfalme Yohana]] alikuwa amelazimishwa na mabaroni wake kutia saini hati iliyoweka vikwazo kwa mamlaka yake ya kupisha sheria. "Mkataba huu mkuu" au ''[[Magna Carta]]'' wa mwaka 1215 pia ulihitaji jopo la mahakimu wa Mfalme kufanya mikutano yao ya kimahakama na uamuzi wao katika "mahali maalum" badala ya kutoa haki ya kibepari katika maeneo yaliyokuwa magumu kutabiri kote.<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.html Magna Carta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.html |date=20140910155351 }}, Fordham University</ref> Kundi la mahakimu walsomi na waliokolea walipata jukumu muhimu katika kuunda sheria chini ya mfumo huu, na ikilinganishwa na wenzao Barani Ulaya mahakama ya Uingereza ilikuwa na urasimu mwingi zaidi. Kwa mfano, mnamo mwaka wa 1297, wakati ambapo mahakama kuu ya Ufaransa yalikuwa na mahakimu hamsini na wawili, [[Mahakama ya Uingereza ya Maombi ya Kawaida]] yalikuwa na watano.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 4</ref> Mahakama haya yenye nguvu na yaliyoshikamana yalisababisha mfumo wa kikiritimba.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 3</ref> Kufuatana na hilo, kadiri wakati ulivyopita, idadi iliyoongezeka ya raia waliomba Mfalme kupuuza sheria ya kawaida, na kwa niaba ya Mfalme [[Bwana Chansela]] alitoa uamuzi kufanya kile ambacho ni sawa kwa kila kesi. Kuanzia wakati wa [[Thomas More]], wakili wa kwanza kuteuliwa kama Bwana Chansela, mwili wa kimfumo wa usawa uliongezeka kando ya sheria ya kawaida yenye ukiritimba, na ilianzisha [[Mahakama yake ya Chancery]]. Mwanzoni, usawa ulikosolewa kuwa ulikosa kukosa utaratibu, na kuwa ulibadilika kulingana na urefu wa mguu wa Chansela.<ref>Pollock (ed) ''Table Talk of [[John Selden]]'' (1927) 43; "Equity is a roguish thing. For law we have a measure... equity is according to the conscience of him that is Chancellor, and as that is longer or narrower, so is equity. 'Tis all one as if they should make the stadard for the measure a Chancellor's foot."</ref> Lakini baada ya muda iliunda [[Kanuni za usawa|kanuni]], hasa chini ya [[John Scott, Ali wa kwanza wa Eldon|Bwana Eldon]].<ref>''[[Gee v Pritchard]]'' (1818) 2 Swans. 402, 414</ref> Katika karne ya 19 mifumo hiyo miwili iliunganishwa pamoja. Katika kuendeleza sheria ya kawaida na usawa, waandishi wa kitaaluma wamekuwa na jukumu muhimu. [[William Blackstone]], kuanzia kipindi cha 1760, alikuwa mwanachuoni wa kwanza kuelezea na kufunza usawa.<ref>Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/blackstone/bk1ch1.htm Book the First – Chapter the First] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/blackstone/bk1ch1.htm |date=20130329045450 }}</ref> Lakini kwa kuelezea tu, wasomi walitafuta melezo na miunso msingi walibadilisha polepole jinisi sheria ilivyofanya kazi.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 17</ref> === Sheria ya kidini === {{Main|Sheria ya kidini}} Sheria ya kidini inatokana na maagizo ya [[dini]]. Baadhi ya mifano ni [[Halakha]] ya [[Uyahudi|Kiyahudi]] na [[Sharia]] ya [[Uislamu]] — ambazo zote mbili zinamaanisha "njia ya kufuata" — huku [[sheria za Kanisa]] za [[Ukristo]] nazo hutumika katika [[madhehebu]] machache, kama vile [[Kanisa Katoliki]], [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]] na la [[Anglikana]]. Mara nyingi dini inadai kutobadilika kwa sheria, kwa sababu [[neno la Mungu]] haliwezi kufanyiwa marekebisho wala kupingwa na mahakimu au serikali. Hata hivyo mfumo fasaha wa sheria kwa jumla unahitaji upanuzi upande wa [[binadamu]]. Kwa mfano, [[Torati]] au Vitabu Vitano vya [[Musa]] katika [[Agano la Kale]]. Vitabu hivyo vina kanuni na sheria za msingi za Uyahudi, ambayo baadhi ya jamii ya Kiisraeli huchagua kutumia. [[Halakha]] ni kanuni ya sheria za Kiyahudi inayofanya muhtasari wa baadhi ya ufafanuzi wa kitabu cha [[Talmud]]. Hata hivyo, [[Sheria za Israeli]] zinaruhusu [[mlalamikaji]] kuchagua mbinu za kidini ikiwa tu anataka. Mfano mwingine ni [[Korani]] ambayo ina sheria, na inakuwa kama chanzo cha sheria zaidi kupitia ufafanuzi,<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 159</ref> ''[[Qiyas]]'' (kulinganisha), ''[[Ijma]]'' (kufikia muafaka) na [[yaliyokwishatokea]]. Hili hasa hupatikana katika mkusanyo wa sheria na falsafa ya kisheria inayojulikana kama [[Sharia]] na [[Fiqh]]. [[Picha:1879-Ottoman Court-from-NYL.png|thumb|left|Kesi katika [[Dola la Ottoman]], mwaka [[1879]], wakati sheria ya kidini ilitumika chini ya [[Mecelle]].]] Hadi [[karne ya 18]], Sharia ilitekelezwa kote katika [[Ulimwengu wa Kiislamu]] katika mfumo ambao haukuwa umeandikwa kwa ufasaha, huku sheria ya [[Mecelle]] ya [[Dola la Ottoman]] katika [[karne ya 19]] ilikuwa ya kwanza kuandika vipengele vya Sharia. Tangu miaka ya kati ya 1940, majaribio yamefanywa, katika nchi nyingi, kufanya sheria hizo zifanane zaidi na hali na dhana za kisasa.<ref name="AA">Anderson, ''Law Reform in the Middle East'', 43</ref><ref>Giannoulatos, ''Islam'', 274–275</ref> Katika nyakati za sasa, mifumo ya kisheria katika mataifa mengi ya Kiislamu hutegemea sheria za kiraia na sheria ya kawaida na pia sheria na tamaduni za Kiislamu. Katiba za baadhi ya nchi za Kiislamu, kama vile [[Misri]] na [[Afghanistan]], zinatambua [[Uislamu]] kama sheria ya taifa, hivyo kuyafanya mabunge katika nchi hizo yasiwe na budi kufuata Sharia.<ref>Sherif, ''Constitutions of Arab Countries'', 157–158</ref> [[Saudia]] inatambua Korani kama katiba, na inatawaliwa kwa msingi wa sheria ya Kiislamu.<ref name = Jurist>[http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/saudiarabia.htm Saudi Arabia] {{Wayback|url=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/saudiarabia.htm |date=20060830232216 }}, Jurist</ref> [[Iran]] pia imeshuhudia kurudi kwa sheria ya Kiislamu katika mfumo wake wa kisheria baada ya mwaka [[1979]].<ref>Akhlagi, ''Iranian Commercial Law'', 127</ref> Katika miongo michache iliyopita, mojawapo ya tofauti kuu ya harakati ya [[mwamko wa Kiislamu]] imekuwa wito wa kuirejesha Sharia, wito ambao umeibua kiasi kikubwa cha maandishi na kuathiri [[siasa]] duniani.<ref name="H1">Hallaq, ''The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law'', 1</ref> == Nadharia ya sheria == === Historia ya Sheria === {{Main|Historia ya sheria}} [[Picha:Milkau Oberer Teil der Stele mit dem Text von Hammurapis Gesetzescode 369-2.jpg|thumb|Mfalme [[Hammurabi]] anaonyeshwa [[Sheria ya Hammurabi|mkusanyiko wa sheria]] na mungu wa jua wa Kimesopotamia [[Shamash]], ambaye pia anatambulika kama mungu wa haki]] Historia ya sheria inashikamana kwa karibu na [[maendeleo]] ya [[ustaarabu]]. Sheria ya [[Misri ya Kale]], iliyorudi nyuma mbali hadi mnamo [[3000 KK]], ilikuwa na mkusanyiko wa sheria ambao huenda ulikuwa umegawanjwa katika vitabu kumi na viwili. Ilizingatia dhana ya [[Ma'at]], iliyokuwa na sifa ya mapokeo, [[hotuba]] za [[kushawishi]], usawa wa kijamii na [[uaminifu]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Théodoridés|title = law | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt}}</ref><ref>VerSteeg, ''Law in ancient Egypt''</ref> Kufikia [[karne ya 22 KK]], [[mtawala]] wa zamani wa [[Wasumeri|Kisumeri]], [[Ur-Nammu]] alikuwa ameandaa [[Mkusanyiko wa sheria wa Ur-Nammu|mkusanyiko wa sheria]], ambao ulihusisha kauli za [[Mjadala|kimjadala]] ("ikiwa ... basi ..."). Kufikia mwaka wa [[1760 KK]], Mfalme [[Hammurabi]] aliboresha zaidi [[Sheria ya Babeli]], kwa kuikusanya na kujandika katika [[jiwe]] kubwa. Hammurabi aliweka nakala kadhaa za jiwe lile kote katika [[milki ya Babeli]] kama [[stelae]], ili watu wote waitazame; hii ilikuja kufahamika kama [[Mkusanyiko wa Sheria za Hammurabi]]. Nakala iliyobaki ambayo haijaharibika sana wa stelae hizi iligunduliwa katika [[karne ya 19]] na [[Waingereza]] wasomi wa mambo ya [[Assyria|milki ya Assyria]], na tangu wakati huo imenakiliwa upya na kutafsiriwa katika [[lugha]] mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Kiingereza]], [[Kijerumani]] na [[Kifaransa]].<ref>Richardson, ''Hammurabi's Laws'', 11</ref> [[Agano la Kale]] lilianza mnamo [[1280 KK]], na linachukua umbo la [[amri]] za [[Maadili|kimaadili]] kama mapendekezo ya [[jamii]] nzuri. [[Miji-dola|Mji-dola]] wa [[Ugiriki ya Kale]], [[Atheni ya Kale]] kuanzia [[karne ya 8 KK]] ilikuwa jamii ya kwanza kuwa na msingi wake katika kuhusisha raia kwa upana; isipokuwa [[wanawake]] na daraja la [[watumwa]]. Hata hivyo, [[Atheni]] haikuwa na sayansi ya kisheria, na hapakuwa na neno la "sheria" isipokuwa kama dhana ya kiakili tu.<ref>Kelly, ''A Short History of Western Legal Theory'', 5–6</ref> Bado [[sheria ya Ugiriki wa Kale]] ilikuwa na uvumbuzi mkubwa wa [[Katiba ya Waatheni|kikatiba]] katika kuendeleza [[Demokrasia ya Atheni|demokrasia]].<ref>Ober, ''The Nature of Athenian Democracy'', 121</ref> [[Sheria ya Kirumi]] ilisukumwa sana na [[falsafa]] ya Kigiriki, lakini maelezo yake ya kina yaliendelezwa na wanasheria wa kitaaluma, na yalikuwa magumu sana.<ref>Kelly, ''A Short History of Western Legal Theory'', 39</ref><ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 1</ref> Katika kipindi cha karne zilizopita kati ya kupanda na kushuka kwa [[Dola la Roma]], sheria imebadilishwa ili kukabiliana na hali za kijamii zilizokuwa zikibadilika, na ilikusanywa na kuandkiwa vilivyo wakati wa utawala wa [[kaisari]] [[Justinian I]].<ref name="St107">Kama mfumo wa kisheria, Sheria ya Kirumi imeathiri moja kwa moja sheria za duniani kote. Pia ni sehemu ya msingi ya mkusanyiko wa sheria wa nchi nyingi za [[Bara|barani]] [[Ulaya]], na imekuwa muhimu katika kuunda kwa dhana ya utamaduni sawa Ulaya (Stein, ''Sheria ya Kirumi katika Historia ya Ulaya'', 2, 104–107).</ref> Ingawa ilipungua kwa umuhimu mwanzoni mwa [[Karne za Kati]], Sheria ya Kirumi iligunduliwa upya wakati wa [[karne ya 11]] ambapo wasomi walianza kutafiti mkusanyiko wa sheria za Kirumi na kuyatumia mawazo yao. Katika Uingereza ya Zama za Kati, mahakimu wa Mfalme waliunda mwili wa [[utangulizi]], ambao baadaye ulijulikana kama [[sheria ya kawaida]]. ''[[Sheria ya biashara]]'' ya Ulaya mzima iliundwa ili kuwapa [[wafanyabiashara]] uwezo wa kufanya biashara kwa kutumia viwango sawa vya mazoezi; badala ya kutumia sheria za kimtaa zenye pande nyingi. Hiyo ''Lex Mercatoria'', mtangulizi wa sheria ya kisasa ya biashara, ilihimiza [[uhuru wa mkataba]] na kuwekwa mbali kwa mali.<ref>Sealey-Hooley, ''Commercial Law'', 14</ref> Kadiri [[utaifa]] ulipozidi katika [[karne za 18]] na 19, ndipo ''Lex Mercatoria'' ilipozidi kujumuishwa katika sheria za kimanispaa za nchi mbalimbali chini ya mkusanyiko mpya wa sheria za kiraia. [[Mkusanyiko wa Sheria za Napoleoni]] na sheria za [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|Kijerumani]] ulikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi. Ikitofautishwa na sheria ya kawaida ya Uingereza, ambayo ina idadi kubwa ya sheria za kesi, mikusanyiko ya sheria katika vitabu vidogo ni rahisi kuuza nje ili mahakimu waweze kuitumia. Hata hivyo, hivi leo kuna ishara kuwa sheria ya kiraia na sheria ya kawaida zinazidi kukaribiana.<ref>Mattei, ''Comparative Law and Economics'', 71</ref> Sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya imekusanywa katika mikataba, lakini huendelezwa kupitia utangulizi unaofanywa na [[Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki]]. [[Picha:Constitution of India.jpg|thumb|left|[[Katiba ya nchi ya Uhindi]] ndiyo katiba ndefu zaidi iliyoandikwa kwa nchi, ikiwa na Ibara 444, Ibara 12 ndogo, na marekebisho mengi na maneno 117,369]] [[Sheria ya Kiislamu]] na [[Fiqh|falsafa ya sheria]] zilianza katika kipindi cha Zama za Kati.<ref name="Badr">Badr, ''Islamic Law'', 187–198</ref> Mbinu ya kisheria ya utangulizi na kufikiria kupitia mlinganisho (''[[Qiyas]]'') iliyotumika katika sheria ya mapema ya Kiislamu ilifanana na na ile ya baadaye ya mfumo wa [[Sheria ya Uingereza|Sheria ya Kawaida ya Uingereza]].<ref name=Gamal>Justice Gamal Moursi Badr argues that Islamic law may "be called a [[lawyer]]'s law if common law is a [[judge]]'s law"(Badr, ''Islamic Law'', 187–198, El-Gamal, ''Islamic Finance'', 16).</ref> Hii ilitumika hasa katika shule ya [[Maliki]] ya sheria ya Kiislamu iliyopatikana sana katika eneo la Afrika Kasakazini, [[Al-Andalus|Uhispania wa Kiislamu]] na baadaye [[Sicily ya Kiemereti]]. Kati ya karne za 8 na 11, sheria ya Maliki iliendeleza [[taasisi]] nyingi zilizokuwa sambamba na taasisi za baadaye za sheria ya kawaida.<ref>The "royal English contract protected by the action of debt is identified with the Islamic ''Aqd'', the English [[assize of novel disseisin]] is identified with the Islamic ''Istihqaq'', and the English jury is identified with the Islamic ''Lafif''". Other parallels include "the [[scholastic method]], the license to teach" (''[[Ijazah]]''), the "[[law school]]s known as [[Inns of Court]] in England and ''[[Madrasah|Madrasas]]'' in Islam", and the [[Agency (law)|agency]] (''[[Hawala]]'') and [[trust law]] (''[[Waqf]]'') (Gaudiosi, ''The Influence of the Islamic Law '', 1231–1261; Makdisi, ''The Islamic Origins'', 1635–1739).</ref> Sheria ya kale ya [[Sheria ya Uhindi|Uhindi]] na [[Sheria ya uchina|Uchina]] zinawakilisha mapokeo tofauti ya sheria, na kihistoria yamekuwa na [[shule]] huru za kinadharia na mazoezi. ''[[Arthashastra]]'', ambayo pengine iliandikwa mnamo [[100]] [[BK]] (ingawa ina maandiko ya awali kidogo), na ''[[Manusmriti]]'' (100–[[300]]) yalikuwa mikataba ya uanzilishaji nchini Uhindi, na ilikuwa na maandiko yanayofikiriwa kuwa wongofu wenye mamlaka wa kisheria.<ref>For discussion of the composition and dating of these sources, see Olivelle, ''Manu's Code of Law'', 18-25.</ref> Falsafa kuu ya Manu ilikuwa kuvumiliana na [[Mfumo wa Viama Vingi (falsafa ya kisheria)|Mfumo wa Vyama Vingi]], na ilitajwa kote katika eneo la Asia ya Kusini Mashariki.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 276</ref> Mapokeo haya ya [[Uhindi|Kihindu]], pamoja na sheria ya Kiislamu, yalibadilishwa na na sheria ya kawaida wakati ambapo Uhindi ilifanywa kuwa sehemu ya [[Dola la Uingereza]].<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 273</ref> [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], [[Singapore]] na [[Hong Kong]] pia ilianza kutumia sheria ya kawaida, Mapokeo ya sheria ya [[Asia ya Kusini]] yanaangazia mkusanyiko maalum wa ushawishi wa kidunia na kidIni.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 287</ref> [[Ujapani]] ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza kuufanya mfumo wake wa sheria uwe wa kisasa sambamba na ule wa nchi za magharibi, kwa kuagiza sehemu za mkusanyiko wa sheria za [[Mkusanyiko wa Sheria|Ufaransa]], lakini hasa mkusanyiko wa sheria za Kijerumani.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 304</ref> Hili lilionyesha kwa kiwango fulani hadhi ya Ujerumani kama nguvu yenye uwezo mkubwa zaidi katika kipindi cha mwisho cha karne ya 19. Pia, [[sheria ya mapokeo ya Uchina]] ilifungua njia kwa kubadilishwa na nchi za magharibi kuelekea miaka ya mwisho ya [[Nasaba ya Qing|nasaba ya Ch'ing]] kupitia njia ya mkusanyiko wa sheria tatu za kibinaFsi zilizokuwa na msingi katika muundo wa Ujapani wa sheria ya Ujerumani.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 305</ref> Leo sheria ya [[Taiwan]] inabaki na mshikamano wa karibu zaidi na mkusanyiko wa sheria kutoka kipindi hicho, kwa sababu ya mgawanyiko kati ya wanataifa wa [[Chiang Kai-shek]], ambao walitoroka kutoka sehemu hiyo, na [[wakomunisti]] wa [[Mao Zedong]] waliopata ushindi wa kudhibiti bara mnamo mwaka wa [[1949]]. Muundombinu wa sasa wa Jamhuri ya Watu wa Uchina ilishawishika pakubwa na [[Sheria ya Kisoshalisti]] ya [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]], inayopea sheria ya utawala umuhimu mwingi kuliko haki za sheria ya kibinafsi.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 307</ref> Kwa sababu ya kuongezeka kwa kasi kwa viwanda, leo Uchina inapitia machakato wa wa marekebisho, angalau katika nyanja ya haki za kiuchumi, ikiwa si haki za kijamii na kisiasa. Sheria mpya ya mkataba ya mwaka wa 1999 ilikuwa ishara ya kusonga mbali na kuwa na utawala mwingi.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 309</ref> Isitoshe, baada ya mazungumzo yaliyodumu miaka kumi na mitano, mnamo mwaka 2001 Uchina ilijiunga na [[Shirika la Biashara Duniani]].<ref>Farah, ''Five Years of China WTO Membership'', 263–304</ref> === Falsafa ya sheria === {{Main|Falsafa ya sheria}} [[Falsafa]] ya sheria kwa kawaida inaitwa jurisprudensi. Jurisprudensi unaozidi kuongezka wenyewe ni [[falsafa ya kisiasa]], na unauliza "sheria inafaa kuwa nini?", huku jurisprudensia ya uchambuzi inauliza "sheria ni nini?". Jibu la [[utumikaji|kiutumikaji]] la [[John Austin (mwanafalsafa wa kisheria)|John Austin]] linajibu kuwa sheria ni "amri, zinazoandamana na matishio ya vkwazo, kutoka kwa mtawala, ambaye watu wote wamezoea kumtii".<ref name="jap">Bix, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/austin-john/#3 John Austin]</ref> Mawakili wa [[sheria ya kimaumbile]] kwa upande mwingine, kama vile [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], wanadokeza kwamba sheria inaangazia sheria isiyobadilika ya tabia ya kimaumbile. Dhana ya "sheria ya kimaumbile" iliibuka katika [[falsafa ya Kigiriki]] ya zamani kwa wakati mmoja na kwa pamoja na dhana ya haki, na iliingia mkondo wa [[utamaduni wa Magharibi]] kupitia maandiko ya [[Thomas Aquinas]] na maoni ya [[Falsafa ya mapema ya Kiislamu|mwanafalsafa wa Kiislamu]] na mwanasheria [[Averroes]].<ref>Roeber, ''What the Law Requires'', 887</ref><ref>Stone, ''Human Law and Human Justice'', 14, 51</ref> [[Hugo Grotius]], mwanzilishi wa mfumo uliotegemea dhana za kiakili pekee ya sheria ya kimaumbile, alidokeza kuwa sheria inatokana na msukumo wa kijamii—jinsi Aristotle alivyokuwa amesema—na kufikiria.<ref>[[Fritz Berolzheimer]], ''The World's Legal Philosophies'', 115–116</ref> [[Immanuel Kant]] aliamini kuwa amri ya kimaadili inahitaji sheria "zichaguliwe kana kwamba zinafaa kushikilia kama sheria za ilimwenguni kote za kimaumbile".<ref>[[Immanuel Kant|Kant, Immanuel]], ''Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals'', 42 (par. 434)</ref> [[Jeremy Bentham]] na mwanafunzi wake Austin, wakimfuata [[David Hume]], waliamini kuwa hili liliongeza utata wa [[Utata wa kilicho-na kinachofaa kuwepo|"kilicho" na kile ambacho "kinafaa kuwepo"]]. Bentham na Austin walisisitiza kuwe na sheria ya [[Uchanya wa sheria|uchanya]]; na kuwa sheria ya kweli ni tofauti kabisa na "maadili".<ref>Green, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-positivism/ Legal Positivism]</ref> Kant pia alikosolewa na [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], ambaye alikataa kanuni ya usawa, huku akiamini kuwa sheria hutokana na [[nia kwa nguvu]], na haiwezi fanywa kuwa ya "kimaadili" au "utovu wa nidhamu".<ref>Nietzsche, ''Zur Genealogie der Moral'', Second Essay, 11</ref><ref>Kazantzakis, ''Friedrich Nietzsche and the Philosophy of Law'', 97–98</ref><ref>Linarelli, ''Nietzsche in Law's Cathedral'', 23–26</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1934, mwanafalsafa wa Kiaustria, [[Hans Kelsen]], alizidi na mapokeo ya uchanya katika kitabu chake ''[[Nadharia Safi ya Sheria]]''.<ref>Marmor, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lawphil-theory/ The Pure Theory of Law]</ref> Kelsen aliamini kuwa ingawa sheria ni tofauti na maadili, inapewa "ukawaida"; kumaanisha kuwa tunfaa kuitii. Ingawa sheria ni taarfa chanya za "ni" (k.m. faini ya kuendesha kwa kurudi nyuma katika barabara kuu ''ni'' [[Euro|€]]500); hii sheria inatuelezea kile "tunachofaa" kutenda. Kwa hivyo kila mfumo wa sheria unaweza kudadisiwa kuwa na kanuni ya msingi (''[[Grundnorm]]'') ianyotupea amri ya kutii. Mpinzani mkuu wa Kelsen, [[Carl Schmitt]], alikataa uchanya na dhana ya [[utawala wa sheria]] kwa sababu hakukubali umuhimu wa kanuni za kidhana za Uchanya badala ya mitazamo na uamuzi bayana wa kisiasa.<ref name=">Bielefeldt, ''Carl Schmitt's Critique of Liberalism'', 25–26</ref> Kwa hiyo, Schmitt alipendekeza falsafa ya sheria ya maalum ([[hali ya dharura]]), ambayo ilikanusha kuwa kanuni za kisheria zingezunguka uzoefu wote wa kisiasa.<ref name="F171">Finn, ''Constitutions in Crisis'', 170–171</ref> [[Picha:Jeremy Bentham by Henry William Pickersgill detail.jpg|thumb|Nadharia za Bentham za utumikiaji zilibaki kimya katika sheria hadi karne ya 20]] Baadaye katika karne ya 20, [[H. L. A. Hart]] alimshambulia Austin kwa kurahisisha kwake kwa suala hilo na Kelsen kwa kutunga kwake kwa mambo ya kihadithi katika kitabu cha ''[[Dhana ya Sheria]]''.<ref>Bayles, ''Hart's Legal Philosophy'', 21</ref> Hart alidokeza kuwa sheria ni mfumo wa kanuni, zilizogawanywa kuwa (kanuni za maadili) ambazo ndizo za kimsingi na sheria za upili (zinazowalenga maafisa kusimamia kanuni msingi). Kanuni za upili zimegawanywa zaidi kuwa sheria za uamuzi (kutatua migogoro ya kisheria), kanuni za mabadiliko (zinazoruhusu sheria kuwa tofauti) na sheria ya utambuzi(inayoruhusu sheria kutambulika kama halali). Wawili kati ya wanafunzi wa Hart waliendeleza mjadala: Ktaika kitabu chake ''Dola la Sheria'', [[Ronald Dworkin]] alimshabulia Hart na wachanya kwa kukataa kwao la kufanya sheria iwe suala la kimaadili. Dworkin anadokeza kuwa sheria ni dhana ya "[[utafsirishaji (sheria)|kitafsiri]]",<ref>Dworkin, ''Law's Empire'', 410</ref> inayowataka mahakimu kupata suluhisho bora zaidi kwa mgogoro wa kisheria, kwa mujibu wa mila zao. [[Joseph Raz]], kwa upande mwingine, anawataka alitetea mtazamo wa kichanya na kukosoa mtazamo wa Hart wa "nadharia laini ya kijamii" katika kitabu chake ''Mamlaka ya Sheria''.<ref name="jra">Raz, ''The Authority of Law'', 3–36</ref> Raz anadokeza kuwa sheria ni mamlaka, yanayotambulika kupitia vyanzo vya kijamii na bila kurejelea hoja za kimaadili. Katika maoni yake, uainishaji wowote wa kanuni zozote zaidi ya majukumu yao kama vifaa vya kimamlaka katika upatanisha ni bora yaachiwe [[elimu ya jamii]], badala ya falsafa ya sheria.<ref>Raz, ''The Authority of Law'', 37 etc.</ref> === Uchambuzi wa kiuchumi wa sheria === {{Main|Sheria na uchumi}} Katika karne ya 18 [[Adam Smith]] aliwasilisha msingi wa kifalsafa wa kuelezea uhusiano kati ya sheria na uchumi.<ref>According to Malloy (''Law and Economics'', 114), Smith established "a classical liberal philosophy that made individuals the key referential sign while acknowledging that we live not alone but in community with others".</ref> Taaluma hiyo ilitokana na mchango wa ukosoaji dhidi ya vyama vya wafanyikazi na [[sheria dhidi ya amana]] nchini Marekani. Watetezi wa taaluma hii waliokuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi, kama vile [[Richard Posner]] na [[Oliver E. Williamson|Oliver Williamson]] na kinachojulikana kama [[Shule ya Chicago (uchumi)|Shule ya Chicago]] ya wanauchumi na mawakili ikiwemo [[Milton Friedman]] na [[Gary Becker]], kwa jumla ni watetezi wa [[uouguzaji wa udhibiti]] na [[ubinafsishaji]], na ni maadui wa udhibiti wa serikali au kile wanachokiona kuwa vikwazo dhidi ya unedeshaji wa ma[[soko huru]].<ref>Jakoby, ''Economic Ideas and the Labour Market'', 53</ref> [[Picha:Richard-A-Posner.jpg|thumb|left|[[Richard Posner]], mmoja wa watetezi wa [[Chuo cha Chicago (uchumi)|Chuo cha Chicago]], huandika blogu pamoja na [[Gary Becker]] mwanauchumi ambaye ni mshindi wa [[Tuzo la Benki ya Uswidi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/ |title=The Becker-Posner Blog |accessdate=2007-02-03}}</ref>]] Mchambuzi maarufu zaidi wa kiuchumi wa sheria ni mshindi wa [[Tujo la Nobel la Uchumi|Tuzo la Nobel]] la mnamo 1991 [[Ronald Coase]], ambaye makala yake makuu ya kwanza, ''[[Hali ya Kampuni]]'' (1937), kulidokeza sababu za kuwepo kwa makampuni mbalimbali (makampuni, ubia, n.k.) ndiyo kuwepo kwa [[gharama za biashara]].<ref>Coase, ''The Nature of the Firm'', 386–405</ref> [[Homo economicus|Binadamu ambao hufikiria kawaida]] hufanya biashara kupitia mikataba ya bilaterala katika masoko wazi hadi wakati ambapo gharama ya biashara kunamaanisha kuwa kutumia makampuni ya kihalmasahhuri ili kuzalisha bidha ni ya ufanisi mwingi zaidi.Makala yake makuu ya pili, ''[[Shida ya Gharama ya Kijamii]]'' (1960), yalidokeza kuwa tunaishi katika Dunia bila gharama za kibiashara, watu ambao [[kuongea kuhusu gharama|huongea kuhusu gharama]] pamoja wanatengeneza mgao sawa wa rasilimali, buila kujali jinsi mahakama yanavyoweza kuamua katika migogoro kuhusu mali.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', 1–44</ref> Coase alitumia mfano wa kesi ya [[kero]] iliyoitwa ''[[Sturges dhidi ya Bridgman]]'', ambapo mtengenezaji peremende ambaye alipiga kelele nyingi na daktari mtulivu walikuwa majirani na walienda mahakamani ili wajue nani kati yao ndiye angefa kuhama.<ref name="Sturges"/> Coase alisema kuwa bila kujali ikiwa hakimu aliamua kuwa mtengenezaji peremende angefaa kuwacha kutumia mashine zake, au ikiwa ingembidi daktari kuvumilia kelele ile, wote wawili wangefikia mapatano ya pamoja kuhusu nani ndiye angefaa kuhama ambayo yanafikia matokeo sawa na mgawanyo wa rasilimali. Ni kuwepo tu kwa [[bei za biashara]] kunaoweza kuzuia hili.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', IV, 7</ref> Kwa hivyo sheria infaa kutazamia kile ambacho ''huenda kikafanyika'', na kuongozwa na ufumbuzi wenye [[ufanisi (uchumi)|ufanisi]]. Wenye kuunda mipango serikalini wanaamini wazo kwamba sheria na vikwazo si muhimu au zenye ufanisi katika kuwasaidia watu.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', V, 9</ref> Coase na wengine kama yeye walitaka mabadiliko ya mbinu, ili kuweka mzigo wa ushahidi katika serikali iliyokuwa ikiingilia soko, kwa kuchambua gharama za hatua.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', VIII, 23</ref> === Elimujamii ya sheria === {{Main|Elimujamii ya sheria}} Somo la kijamii la sheria ni taaluma pana ya masomo inayotazama mwingiliano kati ya sheria na jamii na inahusiana kwa karibu na falsafa ya sheria, uchambuzi wa kiuchumi wa sheria na masomo maalum zaidi kama [[somo la jinai]].<ref name="Jary">Jary, ''Collins Dictionary of Sociology'', 636</ref> Taasisi za [[ujenzi wa jamii]] na mifumo ya kisheria ni maeneo muhimu ya uchunguzi wa taaluma hii. Mwanzoni, wananadharia wa kisheria walishuku taaluma hii. Kelesen alimshambuliwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wake, [[Eugen Ehrlich]], ambaye alitaka kuweka wazi tofauti kati ya sheria ya uchanya, ambayo mawakili wanajifunza na kutumia, na aina zingine za 'sheria' au kanuni za kijamii zinazodhibiti maisha ya kila siku, na kwa jumla kuzuiwa migogoro isiwafikie mawakili mahakamani.<ref>Rottleuthner, ''La Sociologie du Droit en Allemagne'', 109</ref><ref>Rottleuthner, ''Rechtstheoritische Probleme der Sociologie des Rechts'', 521</ref> [[Picha:Max Weber 1917.jpg|thumb|left|[[Max Weber]] mnamo mwaka wa 1917, Weber alianza kazi yake kama wakili, na antazamwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa somo la jamii na somo la jamii la kisheria]] Katika kipindi cha mwaka 1900 [[Max Weber]] alifafanua mbinu yake ya "kisayansi" ya sheria, huku akitambua "umbo la kimantiki ya sheria" kama aina ya utawala, ambao si chanzo cha watu lakini kwa dhana za kiakili.<ref>Rheinstein, ''Max Weber on Law and Economy in Society'', 336</ref> [[Mamalaka ya kimantiki ya sheria|Umantiki wa kisheria]] yalikuwa maneno yake aliyoyatumia kuelezea mwili wa sheria zinazoeleweka na zinazoweza kuhesabika na zilikuwa hatua ya kwanza ya maendeleo ya kisasa ya kisiasa na taifa la ukiritimba la kisasa na kuibuka sambamba na [[ubepari]].<ref name="Jary"/> Msomi mwingine wa somo la jamii, [[Émile Durkheim]], aliandika katika ''Mgawanyo wa Ujira na Jamii'' kuwa kadiri jamii inavyozidi kuwa kubwa, ndivyo mwili wa sheria ya kiraia unaohusika hasa na fidia unapozidi kukuwa kwa gharama ya sheria za jinai na vikwazo vya kisheria.<ref>Johnson, ''The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology, 156</ref> Wasomi wengine wa somo la jamii ni [[Hugo Sinzheimer]], [[Theodor Geiger]], [[Georges Gurvitch]] na [[Leon Petrażycki]] Barani Ulaya, na [[William Graham Sumner]] nchini Marekani<ref>Gurvitch, ''Sociology of Law'', 142</ref><ref>Papachristou, ''Sociology of Law'', 81–82</ref> == Taasisi za kisheria == Sheria si mwili wa kanuni zisizobadilika bali ni "machakato badilifu wa kanuni zinazobadilishwa kila wakati, kuundwa, na kupewa umbo ili kuambatana na hali fulani."<ref>Hamilton and Spiro, ''The Dynamics of Law'', 3</ref> Mabadiliko yanafanywa kila wakati na taasisi mbalimbali katika jamii. Taasisi kuu za sheria katika [[Demokrasia huru]] ni [[Mahakama huru]], [[Haki ya jinai|mifumo ya haki]], [[bunge]], serikali yenye [[uwajibikaji]], na ukiritimba wenye uwezo na usiokuwa na ufisadi , kiksoi cha polisi, [[kudhibitiwa kwa jeshi na raia]] na taaluma ya kisheria yenye nguvu inayohakikisha watu wanapta haki na jamii ya kiraia mbalimbali—neno linalotumika kuashiria taasisi za kijamii, jamii na ushirikiano unaunda msingi wa kisiasa wa sheria.<ref>Jakobs, ''Pursuing Equal Opportunities'', 5–6</ref><ref>Karkatsoulis, ''The State in Transition'', 275 etc.</ref> John Locke, katika ''[[Maandiko Mawili kuhusu Serikali]]'', na [[Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu|Baron de Montesquieu]] katika ''[[Roho ya Sheria]]'', walitetea [[mgawanyo wa madaraka]] kati ya miili ya kisiasa ya bunge na serikali.<ref>[[Montesquieu]], ''The Spirit of Laws'', [http://www.constitution.org/cm/sol_11.htm#006 Book XI: Of the Laws Which Establish Political Liberty, with Regard to the Constitution, Chapters 6–7]</ref> Kanuni yao ilikuwa kuwa hakuna mtu anayefaa kuwa na uwezo wa kuchukua mamlaka yote ya [[Taifa huru|taifa]], ikitofautishwa na nadharia ya [[uimla]] ya [[Thomas Hobbes]]' ''[[Leviathan (book)|Leviathan]]''.<ref name="H17">Thomas Hobbes, ''Leviathan'', [https://carvercantin.com/thomas-hobbes-leviathan-xvii/ XVII]</ref> [[Max Weber]] na wengine walibadilisha mawazo kuhusu taifa. Jeshi la kisasa, upolisi na mamalaka ya ukiritimba juu ya masiha ya raia wa kawaida husababisha matatizo maalum ya uwajibikaji ambayo waandishi wa awali kama vile Locke au Montesquieu hawangeweza kutabiri. Mashirika ya kisasa ya kimataifa huzingatia umuhimu wa utawala wa sheria na [[utawala mzuri]], huku waandishi wengine hutafiti uhsusiano kati ya utawala wa sheria na utawala wa ufanisi katika nchi za kisasa.<ref>Curtin–Wessel, ''Good Governance'', 73</ref><ref>Fukuyama, ''State-Building'', 132</ref> === Mahakama === {{Main|Mahakama}} Mahakama ni idadi ya [[mahakimu]] wanaosikiza migogoro ili kuamua matokeo. Nchi nyingi zina mfumo wa mahakama ya [[rufaa]], yanayojibu kwa mamlaka makuu ya kisheria. Nchini Marekani haya ni [[Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani]];<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000711024627/http://www.supremecourtus.gov/about/briefoverview.pdf A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court], Supreme Court of the United States</ref> nchini Australia, [[Mahakama Kuu ya Australia]]; nchini Uingereza , ni [[Mahakama Kuu ya Uingereza]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016151227/http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/ |archivedate=2009-10-16 }}</ref> (tangu tarehe1 Oktoba 2009; hapo awali yalikuwa, [[Nyumba ya Mabwana]]);<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000711024627/http://www.supremecourtus.gov/about/briefoverview.pdf House of Lords Judgements], House of Lords</ref> nchini Ujerumani ni ''[[Bundesverfassungsgericht]]''; nchini Ufaransa ni ''[[Cour de cassation (Ufaransa)|Cour de Cassation]]''.<ref>[http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/entscheidungen.html Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/entscheidungen.html |date=20061121164330 }}, Bundesverfassungsgericht</ref><ref>[http://www.courdecassation.fr/jurisprudence_publications_documentation_2/ Jurisprudence, publications, documentation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.courdecassation.fr/jurisprudence_publications_documentation_2/ |date=20070209144055 }}, Cour de cassation</ref> Kwa nchi nyingi za Ulaya Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki nchini Luxembourg inaweza kuukataa umauzi wa kitaifa, wakati ambapo sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya inafaa. Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki za Kibinadamu inayopatikana Strasbourg inawaruhusu raia wa nchi wanachama za [[Baraza la Ulaya]] kuleta kesi zao zinzohusiana na haki za kibinadamu mbele yake.<ref>Goldhaber, ''European Court of Human Rights'', 1–2</ref> Baadhi ya nchi huruhusu mamlaka yao makuu ya mahakama kukataa sheria wanayopata kuwa [[kinyume na katiba]]. Katika kesi ya ''[[Roe dhidi ya Wade]]'', Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani ilipindua sheria ya jimbo la Texas iliyopiga marufuku kutoa msaada kwa wanawake wenye nia ya [[Kuavya mimba]].<ref>''[[Roe v Wade]]'' (1973) [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=410&page=113 410 U.S. 113] Retrieved 2007-01-26</ref> [[Marekebisho ya Kumi na Nne ya Katiba ya Marekani|Marekebisho ya Kumi na Nne]] ya katiba ya Marekani yalikuwa yametafsiriwa kuwapa ya [[faragha]], na kwa hivyo haki ya mwanamke kuchagua kuavya mimba. Mahakama kinadharia yamefundwa na katiba, kama tu miili ya bunge. Katika nchi nyingi, mahakimu wana uwezo tu wa [[utafsiri (sheria)|kutafsiri]] katiba na sheria zingine zote. Lakini katika nchi zasheria ya kawaida, ambapo mambo si ya kikatiba, mahakama pia yanweza kuunda sheria chini ya [[mafundisho ya utangulizi]]. Uingereza, Finland na New Zealand hutumia dhana ya [[uhuru wa bunge]], ambapo mahakama ambayo hayajachaguliwa hayawezi kupindua sheria iliyopitishwa na bunge la kidemokrasia.<ref>Dicey, ''Law of the Constitution'', 37–82</ref> Katika [[Ukomiunisti|nchi za kikomiunisti]], kama vile Uchina, mahakama mara nyingi hutazamwa kama sehemu ya serikali, au kuwa chini ya bunge; taasisi za kiserikali na watendaji mbalimbali basi wana ushawishi tofauti kwa mahakama.<ref>E.g., the court president is a political appointee (Jensen–Heller, ''Introduction'', 11–12). About the notion of "judicial independence" in China, see Findlay, ''Judiciary in the PRC'', 282–284</ref> Katika nchi za Kiislamu, mahakama mara nyingi huchunguza ikiwa sheria za nchi zinafuata Sharia: [[Mahakama Kuu ya Kikatiba ya Misri]] inaweza kuoinga sheria kama hizo,<ref name="ReferenceA">Sherif, ''Constitutions of Arab Countries'', 158</ref> Na nchini Iran [[Baraza la Ulinzi]] linahakikisha uwiano wa sheria zinazopitishwa na "vigezo vya Uislamu".<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>Rasekh, ''Islamism and Republicanism'', 115–116</ref> === Bunge === {{Main|Bunge}} [[Picha:European-parliament-brussels-inside.JPG|thumb|Chumba cha mjadala cha [[Bunge la Ulaya]]]] Mifano maarufu ya bunge ni [[Majumba ya Bunge]] mjini London, [[Bunge la Marekani|Kongresi]] mjini Washingtin D.C., [[Bundestag]] mjini Berlin na [[Duma]] nchini Moscow, [[Bunge la Italia|Parlamento Italiano]] mjini Roma na [[Bunge la Ufaransa|''Assemblée nationale'']] mjini Paris. Kwa kanuni ya serikali wakilishi watu hupigia kura wanasiasa ili watimize ''matakwa'' yao. Ingawa nchi kama Israeli, Ugiriki, Uswidi na Uchina zina [[nyumba moja ya bunge]], nchi nyingi zina [[nyumba mbili za bunge]], kumaanisha kuwa zina nyumba mbili za kibunge zinazochaguliwa tofauti. Katika 'nyumba ya chini' wanasiasa wanachaguliwa kuwakilisha [[Eneo wakilishi bungeni|maeneo wakilishi bungeni]]. 'Nymba ya juu' kawaida huchaguliwa kuwakilisha majimbo katika mfumo wa [[Jamhuri ya majimbo|majimbo]] (kama vile nchii Australia, Ujerumani au Marekani) au upigaji kura tofauti katika katika mfumo wa umoja (kama vile nchini Ufaransa). Nchini Uingereza nyumba ya juu inachaguliwa na na serikali kama [[Nyumba ya mabwana|nyumba ya marudio]]. Ukosoaji mmoja wa mifumo yenye nyumba mbili yenye nyumba mbili zilizochaguliwa ni kuwa nyumba ya juu na ya chini huenda zikafanana. Utetezi wa tangu jadi wa mifumo ya nyumba mbili nni kuwa chumba cha juu huwa kama nyumba ya marekebisho. Hili linaweza kupunguza uonevu na dhuluma katika hatua ya kiserikali'', 101</ref> Ili kupitisha sheria, idadi kubwa ya [[Wabunge]] lazima [[wapige kura]] ili [[muswada (sheria inayopendekezwa)]] upitishwe katika kila nyumba. Kawaida kutakuwa na kusoma kwingi na marekebesho mengi yaliyopendekezwa na makundi tofaiti ya kisiasa. Ikiwa nchi ina katiba inayofuatiliwa vyema, idadi maalum ya mabadiliko katika katiba yanahitajika, hivyo kufanya iwe gumu kubadilisha sheria. Serikali kwa kawaida huongoza mchakato huo, ambao unaweza kujumuisha [[Wabunge]] (k.m. nchini Uingereza na Ujerumani). Lakini katika mfumo wa kiraisi, serikali inachagua [[Baraza la mawaziri (serikali)|baraza la mawaziri]] kutawala kutoka kwa washirika wake [[kisiasa]] ikiwa wamechaguliwa au la (k.m. nchini Marekani au Brazili), na jukumu la bunge linapunguza liwe [[kukubali]] au [[kukataa]].<ref>About "cabinet accountability" in both presidential and parliamentary systems, see Shugart–Haggard, ''Presidential Systems'', 67 etc.</ref> === Serikali === {{Main|Serikali}} [[Picha:Dmitry Medvedev 2 April 2009-1.jpg|right|thumb| Mikutano ya [[G20]] inahusisha wawakilishi wa serikali ya kila nchi]] Mtendaji katika mfumo wa kisheria hutumika kama kituo cha [[serikali]] cha [[mamlaka]] ya kisiasa. Katika [[mfumo wa kibunge]], kama vile nchini Uingereza, Italia, Ujerumani na Ujapani, mtendaji hujulikana kama [[Baraza (serikali)|serikali]], na huwa na wanachama wa bunge. Mtendaji huchaguliwa na [[Waziri Mkuu]] au [[Chansela]], ambaye ofisi yake ina nguvu za chini ya [[Kura ya kutokuwa na imani|imani]] ya bunge. Kwa sababu uchaguzi wenye watu wengi huteua vyama vya kisiasa kutawala, kiongozi a chama anaweza kubadilika katika kipindi kabla ya uchaguzi mwingine. [[Mkuu wa Taifa]] ni kando na mtendaji, na kimfano hupitisha sheria na huwa kama mwakilishi wa nchi. Baadhi ya mifano ni [[Rais wa Ujerumani]] (anayeapishwa na Bunge); [[Malkia wa Uingereza]] (wadhifa wa [[kurithi]]), na [[Rais wa Austria]] (anachaguliwa kwa kura ya wengi). Mfano mwingine muhimu ni [[mfumo wa kirais]], unaopatikana nchini Ufaransa, Marekani na Urusi. Katika mifumo ya kirais, mtrndaji huwa kama mkuu wa taifa na mkuu wa serikali, na ana nguvu za kuchagua baraza la mawaziri pekee yake. Chini ya mfumo wa kirais, tawi la mtendaji ni kando na bunge ambapo haiwajibiki mbele ya bunge.<ref>Haggard, ''Presidents, Parliaments and Policy'', 71</ref><ref>Olson, ''The New Parliaments of Central and Eastern Europe'', 7</ref> Ingawa jukumu la mtendaji ni tofauti toka nchi moja hado nyingine, kawaida itapendekeza wingi wa sheria, na kupendekeza ajenda ya serikali. Katika mifumo ya kirais, mtendaji mara nyingi ana nguvu za kukataa sheria. Mara nyingi mtendaji katika mifumo yote ana wajibu wa [[sera za mahusiano ya nje]], jeshi na polisi na urasimu. [[Mawaziri]] au maafisa wengine wanasimamia ofisi za nchi, kama vile [[Waziri wa nje|wizara ya nje]] au [[Waziri wa ndani|wizara ya ndani]]. Uchaguzi wa mtendaji tofauti kwa hivyo ina uwezo wa kupindua mtazamo wa nchi nzima wa serikali. === Jeshi na polisi === {{Main|Jeshi|Polisi}} [[Picha:US Customs and Border Protection officers.jpg|thumb|Maafisa wa [[Marekani wa Forodha na Ulinzi wa Mipaka]]]] Ingawa mashirika ya kijeshi yamekuwepo kwa muda mrefu kama serikali yenyewe, dhana la kikosi cha polisi kilicho tayari ni dhana ya kisasa. Mfumo wa [[Uingereza ya Zama za Kati]] ya [[mahakama ya jinai]] ya kusafiri, au [[Mahakama ya assize|assize]], ilitumia [[kesi za maonyesho]] na unyongaji hadharani kufanya jamii ziwe na hofu na hivyo kudumisha udhibiti.<ref>See, eg ''[[Tuberville v Savage]]'' (1669), 1 Mod. Rep. 3, 86 Eng. Rep. 684, where a knight said in a threatening tone to a layman, "If it were not assize time, I would not take such language from you."</ref> Polisi wa kwanza wa kisasa pengine walikuwa wale wa Paris wa karne ya 17, katika mahakama ya [[Louis XIV wa Ufaransa|Louis XIV]],<ref>[http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=219522 History of Police Forces], History.com Encyclopedia</ref> ingawa Polisi wa Mkoa wa Paris ndio wanadai kuwa wao ndio waliokuwa wa kwanza kuvaa sare.<ref>[http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo4.htm Des Sergents de Ville et Gardiens de la Paix à la Police de Proximité] {{Wayback|url=http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo4.htm |date=20080506215949 }}, La Préfecture de Police</ref> Weber yu maarufu kwa kudokeza kwamba taifa ni lile ambalo linadhibiti kihalali utumizi wa kipekee wa vurugu.<ref name="mwp154">Weber, [[s:Politics as a Vocation|Politics as a Vocation]]</ref><ref>Weber, ''The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation'', 154</ref> Majeshi na askari wanalinda usalama kufuatana na amri ya serikali au mahakama. Maneno [[taifa lililopangarayika]] yanaashiria taifa ambalo haliwezi kutekeleza au kulazimisha sera; askari wao na majeshi hawana uwezo wa kulinda usalama na amani na jamii inaelekea [[vurugu pekee]], wakati serikali inapokosekana.<ref>In these cases sovereignty is eroded, and often warlords acquire excessive powers (Fukuyama, ''State-Building'', 166–167).</ref> === Urasimu === {{Main|Urasimu}} [[Picha:UN Headquarters 2.jpg|thumb| Makao makuu ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] mjini New York yana watumishi wa kiserikali wanaotoa huduma kwa mataifa wanachama 192 ya shirika hilo.]] Asili ya neno "Urasimu" kwa Kiingereza (bureaucracy) ni neno la Kifaransa la "ofisi" (''bureau'') na neno la [[Kigiriki cha Zamani]] cha "nguvu" (''kratos'').<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=bureaucracy&searchmode Bureaucracy], Online Etymology Dictionary</ref> Kama tu wanajeshi na polisi, watumishi wa mfumo wa kisheria wa serikali na miili inayounda urasimu wake hufuata maagizo ya Mtendaji. Mojawapo ya marejeo kwa dhana yalifanywa [[Friedrich Melchior, baron von Grimm|Baron de Grimm]], mwandishi wa Kijerumani aliyeishi nchini Ufaransa. Mnamo mwaka wa 1765 aliandika, <blockquote>Roho halisi ya sheria nchini Ufaransa ni urasimu amabo marehemu Monsieur de Gournay alikuwa akilalamika sana kuhusu; hapa ofisi, makarani, makatibu, wasimamizi na ''wanaonuia kufanya kazi fulani'' hawaapishwi kufaidi maslahi ya umma, kwa hakika maslahi ya ummayanaonekana kuanzishwa ili ofisi hizo ziwepo.<ref>Albrow, ''Bureaucracy'', 16</ref></blockquote> Wasiwasi kuhusu "utawala wa kiofisi" bado ni kawaida, na utendaji wa watumishi wa umma kawaida hutofautishwa na wa [[kampuni za kibinafsi]] zinazoendeshwa na lengo la [[faida]].<ref>Mises, ''Bureaucracy'', II, [http://www.mises.org/etexts/mises/bureaucracy/section2.asp Bureaucratic Management]</ref> Kwa kweli kampuni za kibinafsi, hasa zile kubwa, pia zina urasimu.<ref name="K367">Kettl, ''Public Bureaucracies'', 367</ref> Mtazamo mbaya wa "[[urasimu]]" kando, huduma za umma kama vile elimu, afya na shughuli za polisi au [[uchukuzi wa umma]] ni kazi muhimu nchi hivyo basi kufanya urasimu wa umma chanzo cha nguvu za serikali.<ref name="K367" /> Akiandika mapema katika karne ya 20, Max Weber aliamini kuwa sifa muhimu ya nchi iliyoendelea ilikuwa imekuwa msaada wake wa kirasimu.<ref name="mwp393">Weber, ''Economy and Society'', I, 393</ref> Weber aliandika kuwa sifa za kawaida za urasimu wa kisasa ni kuwa maafisa wanafafanua lengo lake, wigo wa kazi umefungwa na kanuni, usimamizi unajumuisha wataalamu wa wataalamu wa kitaaluma, amabo ambao husimamia kuanzia juu kuenda chini, wakiwasiliana kupitia kuandika na kufunga uwezo wa wafanyikazi wa umma kufanya watakavyo kwa kutumia kanuni.<ref>Kettl, ''Public Bureaucracies'', 371</ref> === Taaluma ya sheria === {{Main|Taaluma ya sheria}} [[Picha:Quentin_Massys_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_National_Gallery_of_Scotland.jpg|thumb|Katika mifumo ya sheria ya kiraia kama ile ya Ufaransa, Ujerumani, Italia, Uhispania na Ugiriki, kuna aina maalum ya [[Karani wa sheria ya kiraia]], afisaa wa umma mwenye ufunzi wa kisheria, anayelipwa fidia na wanaofanya biasharaa.<ref>Hazard–Dondi, ''Legal Ethics'', 22</ref> Hii ni picha ya karne ya 16 ya karani wa sheria ya kiraia kama huyo ya mchoraji wa Kiflemi [[Quentin Massys]].]] Hitimisho la utawala wa sheria ni kuwepo kwa taaluma ya kisheria yenye uhuru wa kutosha wa kuweza kuomba mamlaka ya mahakama huru; haki ya usaidizi kusaidiwa na [[wakili]] mahakamani uanatokana na hitimisho hili—nchini Uingereza kazi ya wakili inatofautishwa na ile ya mshauri wa kisheria.<ref>Hazard–Dondi, ''Legal Ethics'', 1</ref> Kama mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki za Binadamu yanavyosema, sheria inafaa kupatikana na kila mtu na waty wanfaa kutabiri jinsi sheria itakavyowaathiri.<ref>''[[The Sunday Times v The United Kingdom]]'' [1979] [http://www.worldlii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/1979/1.html ECHR 1 at 49] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldlii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/1979/1.html |date=20060916131454 }} Case no. 6538/74</ref> Ili kudumisha utaaluma, [[zoezi la sheria]] kawaida linachungwa na serikali au mwili huru kama vile [[chama cha mawikili]], [[baraza la mawakili]] au [[jamii ya sheria]]. Mawakili wa kisasa wanapata utambulisho maalum wa kisheria kupitia taratibu maalum za kisheria (k.m. mafanikio katika mitihani), yanahitajika na sheria ili kuwa na cheti maalum (elimi ya kisheria inayompa mwanafunzi [[Shahada ya Sheria]], [[Shahada ya Sgeria ya Kiraia]], au [[Shahada]] ya [[Juris Doctor]]<ref>Higher academic degrees may also be pursued. Examples include a [[Master of Laws]], a [[Master of Legal Studies]] or a [[Doctor of Laws]].</ref>), na zinawekwa ofisini kwa kutumia fomu za kisheria za kuapishwa ([[kukubaliwa katika baraza la mawakili]]). Nchi nyingi za Kiisalmu zina sheria sawa kuhusu elimu ya kisheria na taaluma ya kisheria, lakini zingine bado zinaruhusu mawakili wenye mafunzo katika sheria ya Kiislamu ya jadi katika taaaluma ua sheria katika mahakama ya hadhi ya kibinasfi.<ref>Ahamd, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081001195205/http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf Lawyers: Islamic Law]</ref> Nchini Uchina na katika nchi zingine za ulimwengu unaoendelea hakuna watu wa kutosha wenye mafunzo ya kisheria kufanya kazi katika mifumo ya mahakama iliyopo katika nchi hizo, na, kufuatana na hilo, viwango rasmi si vikali sana.<ref>Hazard–Dondi, ''Legal Ethics'', 22–23</ref> Baada ya kupata kukubalika, wakili mara nyingi atafanya kazi katika [[kampuni ya sheria]], katika [[vyumba (sheria)|vyumba]] kama wakili wa kipekee, katika wadhifa wa kiserikali au katika shirika la kibinafsi kama [[mshauri]] wa ndani. Isitoshe wakili anaweza kuwa [[|utafiti wa kisheria|mtafiti wa kisheria]] anayepeana uatafiti wa kisheria unapoitishwa kupitia maktaba, huduma ya kibiashara au kazi isiyokuwa na muajiri mmoja. Watu wengi wenye mafunzo katika sheria walitumia utafiti wao katika taaluma nyingine tofauti kabisa. Adhimu kwa zoezi la sheria katika mapokeo ya sheria ya kawaida ni utafiti wa kisheria kujua hali ya wakati wa sasa wa sheria. Hili linahushisha kuchunguza [[ripoti za sheria|ripoti za kesi]], [[majarida ya kisheria]] na sheria. Zoezi la sheria pia inahusu kuandika hati kama vile [[kuiitia]] kwa mahakama, [[brifu [sheria)|brifu]], mikataba, au [[amana]]. Majadiliano na ujuzu wa [[kusuluhisha migogoro]] (ikijumuisha mbinu za [[Mbinu za Masuluhisho ya Kimbadala|ADR]]) pia ni muhimi kwa zoezi la sheria, ikitegemea na aina ya taaluma.<ref>Fine, ''The Globalisation of Legal Education'', 364</ref> === Mashirika ya kijamii === {{Main|Mashirika ya kijamii}} [[Picha:1963 march on washington.jpg|thumb|Maandamano mjini Washington D.C. wakati wa [[Harakati za Haki za Kiraia za Wamarekani wenye asili ya Kiafrika (1955–1968)|Harakati ya Haki za Kiraia ya Marekani]] mnamo mwaka wa 1963]] Dhana ya [[Kiripablikani wakati kulipokuwa na madaraja mbalimbali ya kijamii]] ya "mashirika ya kijamii" ilianzia wakati wa Hobbes na Locke.<ref>Warren, ''Civil Society'', 3–4</ref> Locke aliona mashirika ya kijamii kama watu wenye "sheria sawa na mahakama [[kurejelea]] , yenye mamlaka ya kuamua utata baina yao."<ref>Locke, ''[[s:Two Treatises of Government/The Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government|Second Treatise]]'', Chap. VII, Of Political or Civil_Society. Chapter 7, section 87</ref> Mwanafalsafa wa Kijerumani [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] alitofautisha "taifa" na "mashirika ya kijamii" (''burgerliche Gesellschaft'') katika kitabu chake ''[[Vipengele vya Falsafa ya Sawa]]''.<ref>Hegel, ''Elements of the Philosophy of Right'', 3, II, [http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/pr/prcivils.htm 182]; Karkatsoulis, ''The State in Transition'', 277–278</ref> Hegel aliamini kuwa [[mashirika ya kijamii]] na [[Taifa huru|taifa]] zilikuwa kinyume kabisa, katika mpangilio wa nadharia yake ya historia. Taifa la kisasa lenye pande hizi mbili–mashirika ya kijamii lilizaliwa tena katika nadharia za [[Alexis de Tocqueville]] na [[Karl Marx]].<ref>(Pelczynski, ''The State and Civil Society'', 1–13; Warren, ''Civil Society'', 5–9)</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Zaleski | first = Pawel | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Tocqueville on Civilian Society. A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality | journal = Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte | volume = 50 | issue = | pages = | publisher = Felix Meiner Verlag | location = | year = 2008 | url = | issn = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }} </ref> Siku hizi katika nadharia ya wakati wa baada ya kisasa za mashirika la kijamii lazima iwe chanzo cha sheria, kwa kuwa msingi ambapo watu wanaunda maoni na kushwishi yale wanayoamini sheria inafaa kuwa. Kama wakili wa Kiaustralia na mwandishi [[Geoffrey Robertson QC]] alivyoandika kuhusu sheria ya kimataifa, <blockquote>... mojawapo ya vyanzo vyake vya kisasa inapatikana katika majibu ya kawaida ya wanaume na wanawake, na mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali, amabyo wengi huunga, kwa ukiukaji wa haki za kibinadamu amabyo wengi huona kwenye runinga wakiwa sebuleni nyumbani mwao.<ref>Robertson, ''Crimes Against Humanity'', 98–99</ref></blockquote> [[Uhuru wa kujieleza]], [[uhuru wa kujumuika]] na sheria zingine nyingi za kibinafsi zinawaruhusu watu kukusanyika, kujadili, kukosoa na kufanya serikali zao kuwajibika, ambapo msingi wa [[demokrasia ya majadiliano]] inaibuka. Watu wanapozidi kujihusisha mamlaka ya kisheria na na kuwa na uwezo wa kubadilisha jinsi mamlaka ya kisiasa yanapotumika maishani mwao; ndivyo sheria inapozidi kuwa [[Uhalali (kisiasa)|halali]] kwa watu. Taasisi ambazo ni za kawaida sana za mashirika ya kijamii ni masoko ya kibiashra, kampuni zenye malengo ya kupata faida, familia, [[vyama vya kibiashara]], hospitali, vyuo vikuu, shule, mashirika ya msaada, [[vilabu vya kujadili]], [[mashirika yasiyokuwa ya kiserikali]], vitongoji, makanisa, na vyama vya kidini.<ref>There is no clear legal definition of the civil society, and of the institutions it includes. Most of the institutions and bodies who try to give a list of institutions (such as the [[European Economic and Social Committee]]) exclude the political parties. For further information, see Jakobs, ''Pursuing Equal Opportunities'', 5–6; Kaldor–Anheier–Glasius, ''Global Civil Society'', ''[http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/Yearbooks/2003/2003Chapter1a.pdf passim] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/Yearbooks/2003/2003Chapter1a.pdf |date=20070817130457 }}'' (PDF); Karkatsoulis, ''The State in Transition'', 282–283.</ref> {{-}} == Tazama pia == {{portal}} {{Main|Muhtasari wa sheria}} * [[Haki za kibinadamu]] * [[Uchumi]] * [[Historia]] * [[Sayansi ya Kisiasa]] * [[Falsafa]] == Tanbihi == {{Marejeo|2}} https://www.path-2-happiness.com/sw == Marejeo == ; Printed sources: * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Ahmad|first=Ahmad Atif|title=Lawyers: Islamic Law|encyclopedia=Oxford Encyclopedia of Legal History|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001195205/http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf|archivedate=2008-10-01|access-date=2010-01-15}}{{Wayback|url=http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf |date=20090326034212 }} * {{cite book|last=Akhlaghi|first=Behrooz|title=The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt|year=2005|isbn=3-161-48787-7|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|editor=Yassari, Nadjma|chapter=Iranian Commercial Law and the New Investment Law FIPPA}} * {{cite book|last=Albrow|first=Martin|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|title=Bureaucracy (Key Concepts in Political Science)|url=https://archive.org/details/bureaucracy0000mart|year=1970|isbn=0-333-11262-8}} * {{cite journal|last=Anderson |first=J.N.D.|year=1956|month=Januari |title=Law Reform in the Middle East journal=International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944—) |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=43–51|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/2607811 |accessdate=2007-03-04 |doi=10.2307/2607811}} * {{Cite wikisource|Constitution of the Athenians|[[Aristotle]]}}. 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accessdate=2006-11-10| archivedate=2014-09-10| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910155351/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.html}} * {{cite web | last=Marmor | first=Andrei |url= http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lawphil-theory/ | title= The Pure Theory of Law | accessdate=2007-02-09 | work= Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|year=1934 }} * {{cite web| title=Saudi Arabia| url=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/saudiarabia.htm| publisher=[[Jurist]]| accessdate=2006-09-02| archive-date=2006-08-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830232216/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/saudiarabia.htm| url-status=dead}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/statesparties.html|title=The States Parties to the Rome Statute|publisher=[[International Criminal Court]]|accessdate=2007-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040605155639/http://www.icc-cpi.int/statesparties.html|archivedate=2004-06-05}} * {{cite web|title=The World Factbook – Field Listing – Legal system|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html|publisher=[[CIA]]|accessdate=2007-10-13|archivedate=2018-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226012138/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{sisterlinks|Law}} * [http://www.law.com/ Legal news and information network for attorneys and other legal professionals] * [http://jurispedia.org/ Encyclopaedic project of academic initiative] {{Wayback|url=http://jurispedia.org/ |date=20210408132428 }} in [[Jurispedia]] * [http://www.lawserver.com/ Legal articles, news, and interactive maps] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lawserver.com/ |date=20130302152628 }} * [http://www.worldlii.org/ WorldLII - World Legal Information Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldlii.org/ |date=20200922075055 }} * [http://www.commonlii.org/ CommonLII - Commonwealth Legal Information Institute]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.asianlii.org/ AsianLII - Asian Legal Information Institute (AsianLII)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.asianlii.org/ |date=20210417174626 }} * [http://www.austlii.edu.au/ AustLII - Australasian Legal Information Institute] * [http://www.bailii.org/ BaiLII - British and Irish Legal Information Institute] * [http://www.canlii.org/ CanLII - Canadian Legal Information Institute] * [http://www.nzlii.org/ NZLII - New Zealand Legal Information Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nzlii.org/ |date=20210417174640 }} * [http://www.paclii.org/ PacLII - Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.paclii.org/ |date=20040103005659 }} [[Jamii:Sheria| ]] [[Jamii:Elimu jamii]] [[Jamii:Historia]] [[Jamii:Falsafa]] momm00wyckuwvzttpcg1aqw1bek78m0 0 2382 1540805 1308110 2026-05-12T07:28:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tanzania Pangani location map.svg|250px|thumbnail|Mahali pa Wilaya ya Pangani (kijani cheusi) katika Mkoa wa Tanga (kijani) nchini Tanzania.]] '''Wilaya ya Pangani''' ni kati ya [[wilaya]] 11 za [[Mkoa wa Tanga]] katika [[Tanzania]] yenye [[Postikodi|Postikodi namba]] 21300. Imepakana na [[wilaya ya Muheza]] upande wa [[Kaskazini]], [[Wilaya ya Handeni]] upande wa [[magharibi]], [[wilaya ya Bagamoyo]] ([[Mkoa wa Pwani]]) upande wa [[kusini]] na [[Bahari Hindi]] upande wa [[mashariki]]. [[Makao makuu]] ya wilaya yako [[Pangani (mji)|Pangani]] [[Mji|mjini]]. Wilaya ilikuwa na wakazi 54,025 mwaka 2012katika [[tarafa]] 4, [[Kata (eneo)|kata]] 14 na [[vijiji]] 33. Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 75,642 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Ina [[Shule ya msingi|shule za msingi]] 35, [[shule]] za [[sekondari]] 10 na [[zahanati]] 16.<ref>[http://www.panganidc.go.tz/statistics]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Eneo la wilaya ni kama kanda linalofuata ufuko wa [[Bahari ya Hindi|Bahari Hindi]]. Mji wa [[pangani (mji)|Pangani]] upo [[Mdomo|mdomoni]] mwa [[mto Pangani]] unaoingia ndani ya nchi kavu kwa [[umbo]] la [[mlango]] mpana. Maeneo yaliyo karibu zaidi na [[bahari]] yenye ardhi ya [[rutuba]] kuna [[kilimo]] cha [[korosho]], [[nazi]], [[mihogo]], [[mahindi]], [[viazi vitamu]] na [[ndizi]]. Maeneo ya ndani zaidi pasipo rutuba sana kuna [[Shamba|mashamba]] ya [[katani]] na [[mahindi]]. [[Historia|Kihistoria]] [[mazingira]] ya Pangani ni kati ya maeneo ya [[utamaduni]] wa [[Uswahilini]]; kabla ya [[ukoloni]] kulikuwa na mashamba ya [[Waarabu]] waliotumia [[watumwa]] na tangu kufika kwa [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani|ukoloni wa Kijerumani]] mashamba makubwa ya katani yalianzishwa. Wilaya hii ilikuwa pia nyumbani ya [[Abushiri ibn Salim al-Harthi]] na chanzo cha [[vita ya Abushiri]] dhidi ya [[utawala]] wa [[Kampuni ya Kijerumani kwa Afrika ya Mashariki]]. [[Picha:Thumb 253 102x110 0 0 crop.png|alt=Logo ya wilaya ya Pangani|thumb|[http://www.panganidc.go.tz/]]] ==Tazama pia== * [[Mkoa wa Pangani]] ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.tanga.go.tz/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=34&Itemid=193 Taarifa (profile) ya wilaya ya Pangani mnamo mwaka 2011] {{Kigezo:Kata za Wilaya ya Pangani}} {{mbegu-jio-tanga}} [[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Tanga|P]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Pangani| ]] 7058wjgo5hxnv1c0lhtjmb1ntxyrzn5 0 2532 1540664 1538557 2026-05-11T23:17:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Somalia | jina_asili = ''Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya'' | bendera = Flag of Somalia.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Somalia.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Qaranimo, Cadaalad, Midnimo'' ([[Kisomali]]: "Utaifa, Haki, Umoja") | wimbo = ''Qolobaa Calankeed'' | ramani = Somalia (orthographic projection)2.svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Mogadishu]] | majiranukta1 = | majiranukta2 = | lugha_rasmi = [[Kisomali]], [[Kiarabu]] | lugha_taifa = | kiongozi1 = [[Hassan Sheikh Mohamud]] | kiongozi2 = [[Hamza Abdi Barre]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Uhuru | tukio2 = Muungano na Somaliland | tukio3 = Katiba ya sasa | tukio1_tarehe = 1 Julai 1960 | tukio2_tarehe = 1 Julai 1960 | tukio3_tarehe = 1 Agosti 2012 | eneo_jumla = 637,657 km² | cheo_eneo = 43 | maji = | ardhi = | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 18,143,378 | mwaka_kadirio = 2023 | msongamano = 27.2 | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $34.03 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $2,060 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = | plt = {{increase}} $12.8 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2023 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $775 | cheo_plt_kawaida = | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | maendeleo = {{steady}} 0.380 {{chini}} | hdi = 0.404 (ya 192) </br>- {{chini}} | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | gini = 36.8 | mwaka_gini = 2017 | fedha = [[Shilingi ya Somalia]] (SOS) | majira_saa = +3 (EAT) | udereva = Kulia | msimbo_simu = 252 | tld = .so }} '''Somalia''' (kwa [[Kisomali]]: ''Soomaaliya''; [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Shirikisho ya Somalia''') ni nchi katika [[Afrika ya Mashariki]], iliyoko kwenye [[Pembe ya Afrika]]. Inapakana na [[Ethiopia]] [[magharibi]], [[Jibuti]] [[kaskazini]]-magharibi, [[Kenya]] [[kusini]]-magharibi, na imezungukwa na [[Bahari ya Hindi]] [[mashariki]]. Ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban milioni 18.1, ikiwa ya 78 [[Dunia|duniani]]. [[Jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi na [[mji mkuu]] ni [[Mogadishu]]. Somalia imegawanyika katika [[Jimbo|majimbo]] sita ya [[shirikisho]]. Inajulikana kwa [[pwani]] yake ndefu zaidi barani [[Afrika]] na kwa changamoto zake za kisiasa na kiusalama kutokana na miongo ya migogoro ya ndani. Somalia ina [[historia]] ndefu na [[utamaduni]], ikiwa ni mojawapo ya maeneo ya kale yaliyojihusisha na [[biashara]] ya majini katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]]. Katika enzi za zamani, miji ya pwani kama [[Mogadishu]], [[Berbera]], na [[Zeila]] ilikuwa vituo muhimu vya biashara kati ya Afrika, [[Uarabuni]], na [[Asia]]. Somalia pia ni maarufu kwa [[utamaduni]] wake wa [[sanaa|kisanaa]], [[shairi|mashairi]], na [[lugha]] ya [[Kisomali]] ambayo ni mojawapo ya lugha za Kiafrika zenye [[sarufi]] ya kipekee na [[utajiri]] wa [[fasihi]]. Licha ya changamoto za kiusalama, hivi karibuni Somalia imeonyesha [[dalili]] za kuimarika katika nyanja mbalimbali kama [[elimu]], [[miundombinu]], na [[biashara]], hasa katika maeneo yenye utulivu kama [[Somaliland]] na [[Puntland]]. Jumuiya ya kimataifa pamoja na mashirika ya ndani yamekuwa yakishirikiana katika [[juhudi]] za [[ujenzi]] wa [[taifa]] na kukuza [[utawala]] bora. Aidha, [[wimbi]] la watu wa Somalia walioko ughaibuni (diaspora) limechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa maendeleo kupitia uhamishaji wa fedha, uwekezaji, na maarifa. Uchumi wa Somalia unategemea zaidi [[kilimo]], [[mifugo]], na [[fedha]] zinazotumwa na diaspora ya [[Wasomali]]. <ref name="WFB_Somalia_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/#economy |title=Somalia - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 |archive-date=2025-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822103819/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/#economy |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mifugo kama [[ngamia]], [[mbuzi]], [[kondoo]], na [[ng’ombe]] ndio msingi mkuu wa [[mauzo ya nje]], hasa kwenda nchi za Ghuba. Kilimo kwa kiasi kikubwa ni cha kujikimu, huku mazao kama [[mtama]], [[mahindi]], ndizi, na miwa yakilimwa hasa katika maeneo ya mito ya [[Juba]] na [[Shabelle]]. <ref name="Britannica_Somalia_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia/Economy |author=Ioan M. Lewis |title=Somalia: Economy |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Uchumi mwingi uko katika sekta isiyo rasmi, ukiwa na miundombinu ya kifedha ya kitaifa iliyo na mipaka, ingawa mifumo ya fedha kwa njia ya simu imeenea sana kwa miamala na huduma za kibenki. <ref name="WorldBank_Somalia_Update">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/somalia/publication/somalia-economic-update-rapid-growth-of-mobile-money |title=Somalia Economic Update: Rapid Growth of Mobile Money |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi ina [[rasilimali]] asilia kubwa ambazo bado hazijatumika kikamilifu, ikiwa ni pamoja na uwezekano wa mafuta na gesi asilia baharini, ingawa utafutaji wake umekuwa mdogo kutokana na ukosefu wa utulivu wa zamani na maendeleo ya mfumo wa udhibiti. <ref name="AfDB_Somalia_Outlook">{{cite web |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/somalia/somalia-economic-outlook |title=Somalia Economic Outlook |website=afdb.org |publisher=African Development Bank |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Biashara na shughuli ndogo ndogo za kibiashara ni muhimu katika miji, huku [[Mogadishu]] ikiwa kituo kikuu cha biashara na huduma. Urejeshaji wa uchumi wa Somalia umeungwa mkono na uwekezaji wa kigeni unaoongezeka, misaada ya kibinadamu, na maboresho ya taratibu katika utawala na uwezo wa taasisi. <ref name="IMF_Somalia_Review">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2023/12/13/pr23440-somalia-imf-executive-board-completes-the-sixth-and-final-review-under-the-ecf |title=IMF Executive Board Completes Review of Somalia |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=2023 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> == Jiografia == {{main|Jiografia ya Somalia}} [[File:A map of Somalia regions.png|thumb|upright=1.4|[[Ramani]] ya mikoa ya Somalia.]] == Historia == [[Picha:BosasoCity.jpg|thumb|right|Mji wa [[Bosaso]], Somalia.]] {{main|Historia ya Somalia}} ===Ukoloni wa Italia=== Kuanzia mwaka [[1888]] [[Italia]] ilijipatia [[nchi lindwa|mikataba ya ulinzi]] na [[sultani|masultani]] mbalimbali waliotawala maeneo madogo kwenye [[Pembe ya Afrika]]. Walitangulia [[1889]] na sultani ya [[bandari]] ya [[Hobyo]] na mtawala wa usultani wa [[Majerteen]]. Mwaka [[1892]] [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]] ulikodisha bandari ya [[Banadir]] kati ya [[Mogadishu]] hadi [[Brava]] kwa Italia. Mwaka [[1905]] Italia ilinunua eneo hili kutoka [[Zanzibar]] na kulitangaza kuwa [[koloni]] na [[Mogadishu]] kuwa [[mji mkuu]]. Baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]] Waitalia walikabidhiwa na [[Uingereza]] eneo la [[Kismayu]]. Walilitawala kwa jina la "Oltre Giuba" (''ng'ambo ya [[Juba (mto)|mto Juba]]'') na kuliunganisha na Somalia ya Kiitalia [[tarehe]] [[30 Juni]] [[1926]]. Wakati uleule waliamua kumaliza hali ya sultani za Majarteen na Hobyo kuwa nchi lindwa na kuzifanya sehemu kamili za koloni. Mipango hiyo ilisababisha [[vita]] kali ya miaka miwili kwa sababu masultani waliona mikataba yao ya ulinzi ilivunjwa wakapinga [[jeshi]] la Italia. Mwaka [[1936]] Somalia ikaunganishwa na [[Ethiopia]] kuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kiitalia]]. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] makoloni ya Italia yalivamiwa na Uingereza uliotawala Somalia tangu [[1941]]. Mwaka [[1949]] Somalia ilirudishwa mikononi mwa Italia ilisimamie kwa niaba ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. ===Ukoloni wa Uingereza=== Uingereza uliingia katika eneo hili baada ya [[Misri]] kuondoka mwaka [[1885]] kwa kushindwa na [[jeshi]] la [[Mahdi]] huko [[Sudan]]. Uingereza uliingia kwa sababu iliona umuhimu wa kutawala pande zote [[mbili]] za [[Bab el Mandeb]] ikihofia uenezaji wa nchi nyingine za [[Ulaya]], hasa [[Ufaransa]] iliyokuwa na [[koloni]] la kwanza ya Ubuk (Obok) katika [[Jibuti]] ya leo tangu [[1862]]. Pamoja na hayo [[Waingereza]] walitegemea kununua [[nyama]] kwa ajili ya [[mji]] wa [[Aden]] na [[meli]] zilizopita hapo kati ya [[Uhindi]] na [[Ulaya]]. Somaliland ilitawaliwa awali kama [[mkoa]] wa [[Uhindi wa Kiingereza]] ikawa baadaye chini ya [[wizara ya makoloni]] huko [[London]]. Hata kama Uingereza haukuwa na nia ya kuingilia mno [[maisha]] ya wenyeji ulikutana na upinzani mkali kuanzia mwaka [[1899]] kutoka kwa [[kiongozi]] wa [[dini]] [[Diiriye Guure]], aliyeitwa na Waingereza "Mullah majununi". Waingereza walijibu kwa [[ukatili]] katika [[vita]] vya miaka 20 iliyoua takriban [[theluthi]] moja ya wakazi wote wa eneo. Mwishowe Uingereza iliweza kumaliza upinzani kwa [[teknolojia]] mpya ya [[eropleni]] [[ndege za kijeshi|za kijeshi]] zilizotumia [[mabomu]] na [[bunduki za mtombo]] kutoka [[Anga|angani]] kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Afrika]]. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] eneo likatwaliwa na [[Italia]] katika [[Agosti]] [[1940]] lakini lilichukuliwa tena na Uingereza katika [[Machi]] [[1941]]. ===Uhuru=== Mwaka 1960 [[utawala]] wa kikoloni ulikwisha na Somalia ikapata uhuru wake, ikiunganisha ma[[koloni]] mawiliː la [[Waitalia]] ([[Somalia ya Kiitalia|kusini]]) na la [[Waingereza]] ([[Somalia ya Kiingereza|kaskazini]]). Baada ya mwaka [[1991]] nchi ya Somalia ilibaki haina [[serikali]] wala umoja wa taifa, bali iligawiwa na wakereketwa na [[wanamgambo]] wa [[ukoo]] na eneo, hasa [[Somaliland]], [[Puntland]] na [[Galmudug]] upande wa kaskazini. Katika miaka [[2008]]-[[2013]] ilihesabika kama [[nchi filisika]]. Kwa sasa ni [[nchi dhaifu]] lakini inaanza kujengwa upya kama [[shirikisho]] na kujiandaa kujiunga na [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]]. Tarehe [[4 Machi]] [[2024]] imejiunga rasmi na [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|Jumuia ya Afrika Mashariki]]<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/somalia-yatambuliwa-rasmi-eac-viongozi-kuvalia-njuga-migogoro-4545254</ref>. [[File:Oreotragus oreotragus.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Klipspringers anaishi katika maeneo ya milimani yenye mimea kidogo.]] == Demografia == [[Picha:Somalia pop 2002.jpg|thumb|200px|Hii [[ramani]] ya mwaka [[2002]] inaonyesha [[msongamano wa watu]] nchini.]] Kufikia 2026, Somalia ina jumla ya watu ni takribani milioni 19.1, huku umri wa wastani ukikadiriwa kuwa takribani miaka 14 hadi 15. <ref name="WFB_Somalia_Demo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/#people-and-society |title=Somalia - World Factbook: People and Society |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 |archive-date=2025-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822103819/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/somalia/#people-and-society |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ongezeko hili linachochewa na kiwango cha juu cha uzazi, ambacho bado ni miongoni mwa viwango vya juu duniani, takribani watoto 6 kwa mwanamke mmoja, na kusababisha kiwango cha ukuaji wa takribani asilimia 3 kwa mwaka. <ref name="WorldBank_Somalia_Pop">{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=SO |title=Somalia Population Data |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |date=2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }}</ref> ===Kabila=== Muundo wa kikabila wa nchi hii ni wa kipekee katika eneo kwa sababu ya uwiano mkubwa wa watu, ambapo takribani asilimia 85 ya wakazi hujitambulisha kama kabila la [[Wasomali]]. <ref name="Britannica_Somalia_People">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Somalia/People |author=Ioan M. Lewis |title=Somalia: People |website=Britannica |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }}</ref> Wengi hawa wamepangwa [[jamii|kijamii]] kupitia mfumo wa nasaba za koo unaojumuisha familia kuu za kikoo kama [[Hawiye]], [[Darod]], [[Isaaq]], na [[Dir]]. Takribani asilimia 15 iliyobaki inajumuisha makundi ya wachache, hasa Wasomali Bantu (wazawa wenye asili ya [[Afrika Mashariki|Afrika ya Kusini Mashariki]]) na Benadiri (jamii zenye mchanganyiko wa [[Waarabu]], [[Waajemi]], na [[Wasomali]] wanaopatikana katika miji ya pwani). <ref name="MinorityRights_Somalia">{{cite web |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/somalia/ |title=Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples |website=minorityrights.org |publisher=Minority Rights Group International |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }}</ref> ===Lugha=== Mandhari ya lugha inatawaliwa na [[Kisomali]], lugha ya familia ya Kiafro-Asia ambayo hutumika kama lugha kuu ya maisha ya kila siku na ilisanifishwa kwa herufi za [[Kilatini]] mwaka 1972. <ref name="WFB_Somalia_Demo" /> [[Kiarabu]] kina hadhi ya [[lugha rasmi]] ya pili, kikiwa kimejikita sana katika maisha ya kijamii kupitia [[dini]] na historia ya biashara. Ingawa watu wengi huzungumza [[Kisomali]] pekee, [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kiitalia]] hutumika serikalini na katika elimu ya juu, huku lahaja ya Maay ikiwa maarufu katika maeneo ya kusini. <ref name="Britannica_Somalia_People" /> ===Dini=== [[Dini]] nchini Somalia ni ya aina moja kwa kiasi kikubwa, ambapo takribani asilimia 99 au zaidi ya watu ni wafuasi wa [[Uislamu]] wa Kisunni. <ref name="StateGov_Somalia_Religion">{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/somalia/ |title=2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Somalia |website=state.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }}</ref> Wengi wa Wasomali hufuata madhehebu ya Shafi’i ya sheria za Kiislamu, na misingi ya Kiislamu ndiyo msingi mkuu wa kanuni za kijamii na sheria za familia. Kuna wachache sana wasio Waislamu, wanaokadiriwa kuwa maelfu machache tu, hasa wageni, na wanawakilisha chini ya asilimia 1 ya idadi ya watu. <ref name="StateGov_Somalia_Religion" /> == Utawala == Maeneo (umoja: ''[[gobolka]]'', wingi: ''gobollada'') ya Somalia, ambayo imegawiwa tena katika [[wilaya]], ni 18: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Mikoa ya Somalia |- ! Mkoa ! Eneo (km²) ! Wakazi ! Makao makuu |- |[[Awdal]] |21,374 |1,010,566 |[[Borama]] |- | [[Bari, Somalia|Bari]] | 70,088 | 719,512 | [[Bosaso]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Nugal|Nugal]] | 26,180 | 392,697 | [[Garowe]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Mudug|Mudug]] | 72,933 | 717,863 | [[Galkayo]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Galguduud|Galguduud]] | 46,126 | 569,434 | [[Dusmareb]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Hiran|Hiran]] | 31,510 | 520,685 | [[Beledweyne]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Shebelle wa Kati|Shebeli wa Kati]] | 22,663 | 516,036 | [[Jowhar]] |- | [[Banaadir]] | 370 | 1,650,227 | [[Mogadishu]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Shebelle wa Chini|Shebeli wa Chini]] | 25,285 | 1,202,219 | [[Barawa]] |- |[[Togdheer]] |38,663 |721,363 |[[Burao]] |- | [[Bakool]] | 26,962 | 367,226 | [[Xuddur]] |- |[[Woqooyi Galbeed]] |28,836 |1,242,003 |[[Hargeisa]] |- | [[Bay, Somalia|Bay]] | 35,156 | 792,182 | [[Baidoa]] |- | [[Gedo]] | 60,389 | 508,405 | [[Garbahaarreey]] |- | [[Juba wa Kati]] | 9,836 | 362,921 | [[Bu'aale]] |- | [[Juba ya chini|Juba wa Chini]] | 42,876 | 489,307 | [[Kismayo]] |- |[[Sanaag]] |53,374 |544,123 |[[Erigavo]] |- |[[Sool, Somalia|Sool]] |25,036 |327,428 |[[Las Anod]] |} [[Picha:MogadishuCoke.jpg|300px|left|thumb|[[Banda]] la [[biashara]] huko [[Mogadishu]].]] == Mawasiliano == Mawasiliano ya Jamhuri ya Somalia ilikaribia kuangamia kwa [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]], lakini kwa sasa [[kampuni]] za binafsi za mawasiliano ya mitambo, zimetwaa karibu miji yote Somalia, na hata kutoa huduma njema kuliko nchi zilizo jirani. Somalia ni nchi mojawapo Afrika ambayo ina mawasiliano ya [[bei]] rahisi zaidi, pengine kwa kuwa Somalia haikuwa na serikali iliyotoza ushuru; ([http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4020259.stm ''Telecoms thriving in lawless Somalia'']) Kampuni zinazohudumia watu wa Somalia ni kama: * [[SOMTEL]] * [[Galkom]] * [[Global Internet Company]] * [[Hormuud]] * [[Telcom]] * [[Nationlink]] * [[Netco]] * [[STG]] * [[Dahabshiil]] == Tazama pia == * [[Utamaduni wa Somalia]] * [[Uislamu nchini Somalia]] * [[Waandishi wa Somalia]] * [[Muziki wa Somalia]] * [[Uchumi wa Somalia]] * [[Vita vya Mogadishu]] * [[Mawasiliano nchini Somalia]] * [[Orodha ya kampuni za Somalia]] * [[Jeshi la Somalia]] * [[Usafiri nchini Somalia]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== {{Refbegin|2}} {{Clear}} * {{cite book |last= Abdullahi |first= Mohamed Diriye |year= 2001 |title= Culture and Customs of Somalia |url= https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00diri |location= Westport, CT |publisher= [[Greenwood Press]] |isbn= 978-0-313-31333-2 }} * {{Rejea jarida |last= Alpers |first= Edward A. |year= 1976 |title= Gujarat and the Trade of East Africa, c. 1500–1800 |journal= [[The International Journal of African Historical Studies]] |volume= 9 |issue= 1 |pages= 22–44 |doi= 10.2307/217389 |jstor= 217389}} * {{Rejea kitabu |author= Gebru Tareke <!-- Ethiopian names, remember! --> |year= 2009 |title= The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa |url= https://archive.org/details/ethiopianrevolut0000gebr|location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher= [[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4 |ref= CITEREFTareke2009 }} * {{Rejea kitabu |last= Laitin |first= David D.|year= 1977 |title= Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience |location= Chicago |publisher= [[University Of Chicago Press]] |isbn= 978-0-226-46791-7}} * {{Rejea jarida |last1= Lecarme |first1= Jacqueline |last2= Maury |first2= Carole |year= 1987 |title= A Software Tool for Research in Linguistics and Lexicography: Application to Somali |journal= Computers and Translation |volume= 2 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–36 |doi= 10.1007/BF01540131}} * Mauri, Arnaldo, ''Somalia'', in G, Dell'Amore (ed.), "Banking Systems of Africa", Cariplo-Finafrica, Milan, 1971, pp.&nbsp;209–217.[http://ssrn.com/abstract=958442] * {{Rejea kitabu |last= Samatar |first= Said S. |year= 1982 |title = Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism |location= Cambridge |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-10457-9}} * {{Rejea kitabu |last= Schraeder |first= Peter J. |year= 2006 |chapter= From Irredentism to Secession: The Decline of Pan-Somali Nationalism |title= ''In Lowell W. Barrington, ed.,'' After Independence: Making and Protecting the Nation in Postcolonial and Postcommunist States ''(pp.&nbsp;107–137)'' |location= Ann Arbor, MI |publisher= [[University of Michigan Press]] |isbn= 978-0-472-09898-9}} * Shay, Shaul. ''Somalia in Transition Since 2006.'' Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014. * {{Rejea kitabu |last= Warmington |first= Eric Herbert |year= 1995 |title= The Commerce Between the Roman Empire and India |publisher= South Asia Books |isbn= 8121506700}} * {{Rejea kitabu |last1= Zolberg |first1= Aristide R. |last2= Suhrke |first2= Astri |last3= Aguayo |first3= Sergio |author3-link= Sergio Aguayo |year= 1989 |title= Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World |url= https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.341.486.zol.1.8771 |location= New York |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-195-05592-4}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Somalia}} * {{wikiatlas|Somalia}} * [http://www.somaligov.net/ Federal Government of Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somaligov.net/ |date=20150408021606 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|so|Somalia}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Somalia}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094503 Somalia profile] from the [[BBC News]] ;Habari, mitandao inayojadili kuhusu Somalia. * [http://allafrica.com/somalia/ AllAfrica.com - ''Somalia''] Habari * [http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/41/ International Freedom of Expression eXchange: Somalia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/41/ |date=20070314195352 }} * [http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/sotoc.html#so0016 Somalia - A Country Study] ;Habari za kawaida * [http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/africa/2004/somalia/default.stm BBC habari barabara - ''Somalia: Kutoka kwenye mbomoko?''] * [http://www.somplanet.com Somali Planet Networks''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.somplanet.com/ |date=20070927185411 }} * [http://www.state.gov/p/af/ci/so/ US State Department - ''Somalia''] includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports * [http://www.peterleeson.com/Better_Off_Stateless.pdf ''Better off Stateless: Somalia Before and After Government Collapse''] ;Watambuzi * [http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PapersLinks/280-nenova-harford.pdf Anarchy and Invention: Vipi Kampuni za Somalia zaweza kufanya biashara bila serikali?] {{Wayback|url=http://rru.worldbank.org/Documents/PapersLinks/280-nenova-harford.pdf |date=20080307005543 }} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Somalia| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Kiarabu]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] d9xwfgjxbcbt69elp1pnv6pz3hnb0p3 0 2705 1540854 1432719 2026-05-12T09:15:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Zanzibar | jina_asili = Zanzibar (Kiswahili)<br />زنجبار (Kiarabu) | bendera = Flag of Zanzibar.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Zanzibar.jpg | kaulimbiu = Mungu ibariki Afrika | wimbo = Mungu ibariki Afrika<br />"God Bless Africa" | ramani = Topographic map of Zanzibar-en.svg | maelezo_ramani1 = Ramani ya Zanzibar | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Zanzibar (mji)]] | lugha_rasmi = {{Plainlist| * [[Kiswahili]] * [[Kiarabu]] * [[Kiingereza]] }} | kabila = {{Plainlist| * Waswahili * Waarabu * Wahadimu * Washirazi * Watumbatu }} | kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Hussein Mwinyi]] | kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Kwanza wa Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Othman Masoud Sharif]] | kiongozi3 = Makamu wa Pili wa Rais | cheo_kiongozi3 = [[Hemed Suleiman Abdalla]] | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Muungano na Tanganyika | tukio1_tarehe = 26 Aprili 1964 | eneo_jumla = 2,462 km² | watu_kadirio = 1,889,773 | mwaka_kadirio = 2022 | msongamano = 768.2 | pato_ppp = | plt = $3.75 bilioni | pato_kwa_mtu = $2,500 | mwaka_pato = 2020 | maendeleo = 0.613</br>{{kati}} | mwaka_maendeleo = 2018 | fedha = [[Shilingi ya Tanzania]] (TZS) | majira_saa = UTC+3 (EAT) | msimbo_simu = +255 | tld = .tz }} '''Zanzibar''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: زنجبار‎ Zanjibār) ni [[funguvisiwa]] lenye mamlaka huru ndani ya [[Tanzania|Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] lililoko katika [[Bahari ya Hindi]], takriban kilomita 25 hadi 50 kutoka pwani ya Afrika Mashariki. Eneo hili linajumuisha visiwa viwili vikuu, [[Unguja]] (inayojulikana zaidi kama Kisiwa cha Zanzibar) na [[Pemba]], pamoja na visiwa vidogo kadhaa. Mji wa Zanzibar, ulioko [[Unguja]], ndio mji mkuu na una Makumbusho ya ''Mji Mkongwe'' (Stone Town), urithi wa dunia wa UNESCO unaojulikana kwa mchanganyiko wa athari za [[Waafrika|Kiafrika]], [[Waarabu|Kiarabu]] na [[Wahindi|Kihindi]]. Zanzibar inasifika kwa fukwe zake nzuri, historia ya biashara ya viungo, na utamaduni tajiri wa [[Waswahili|Kiswahili]]. Zanzibar ina [[serikali]] yake na rais, kwa mujibu wa mpango maalum wa muungano na Tanzania Bara tangu mwaka 1964. Wakati Serikali ya Muungano inasimamia masuala ya [[ulinzi]], mambo ya nje, na sera ya fedha, Serikali ya Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar inasimamia masuala ya ndani kama [[elimu]], [[afya]], na [[utawala]] wa ndani. Mfumo huu wa utawala wa pande mbili unampa Zanzibar mamlaka ya kutunga sheria kupitia Baraza la Wawakilishi, huku pia ikishiriki katika Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania. [[Uchumi|Kiuchumi]], Zanzibar inategemea sana [[utalii]], [[kilimo]] cha karafuu na viungo, pamoja na [[uvuvi]]. Visiwa hivi huvutia maelfu ya [[watalii]] kila mwaka kutokana na vivutio vyake vya [[historia|kihistoria]], miamba ya matumbawe, na hali ya hewa ya kitropiki. Hata hivyo, Zanzibar inakabiliwa na changamoto za maendeleo kama vile ukosefu wa ajira kwa vijana na mahitaji ya miundombinu. Kijamii na kiutamaduni, visiwa hivi vina asili kubwa ya Kiislamu na mila za Kiswahili zinazojitokeza kupitia lugha, usanifu wa majengo, na desturi. ==Jiografia== Eneo lake ni sawa na [[funguvisiwa]] [[Funguvisiwa la Zanzibar|la Zanzibar]] lililopo mbele ya [[mwambao]] wa [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] karibu na [[Tanganyika (nchi)|Tanganyika]] ([[Tanzania bara]]). Linajumuisha [[visiwa]] vikubwa vya [[Unguja]] na [[Kisiwa cha Pemba|Pemba]] pamoja na visiwa vidogo vidogo, lakini si kile cha [[Mafia]] kilichopo [[kusini]] zaidi. Kiutawala Zanzibar imegawanyika katika mikoa mitano, 3 kisiwani Unguja na 2 kisiwani Pemba. ;Pemba: *[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini|Pemba Kaskazini]] *[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] ;Unguja: *[[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Mjini Magharibi]] *[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] *[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Unguja Kusini]] ==Historia== {{main|Historia ya Zanzibar}} [[Historia]] inaonyesha kwamba kwa kiasi cha miaka 20,000 kumekuwepo [[makazi]] ya [[binadamu]] katika visiwa vya Zanzibar. Visiwa hivyo ni sehemu ya kumbukumbu ya kihistoria ya [[ulimwengu]] wakati [[Waajemi]] [[wafanyabiashara]] walivigundua na kuvifanya [[makao makuu]] kwa [[safari]] kati ya [[Mashariki ya Kati]], [[India]] na [[Afrika]]. Katika kipindi cha [[karne ya 3]] na [[karne ya 4|ya 4]], [[Wabantu |Wabantu]] walianza [[biashara]] na [[Waarabu]] waliofika Afrika ya Mashariki. Katika [[karne ya 7]], [[Waarabu]] walifika Zanzibar kibiashara pamoja na kusambaza [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]]; Waarabu ndio walioipa jina ZANZIBAR kutokana na maneno ya [[Kiajemi]] ZINJI BAR yaani sehemu ya Watu Weusi. [[Lugha]] ya [[Kiswahili]] ilianza kutumika kiasi cha [[karne ya 13]] ikitokana na mchanganyiko wa lugha ya [[Kiarabu]] na [[lugha za Kiafrika]]. Katika [[karne ya 16]] [[Wareno]] walifika Zanzibar lakini [[utawala]] wao ulifuatiwa na kutokuwepo [[utulivu]], lakini [[biashara ya utumwa]] iliwaweka [[watu]] pamoja. Waarabu kutoka [[Oman]] walichukua utawala Zanzibar katika [[karne ya 17]] na Zanzibar ilikuwa makao makuu ya utawala wa Waomani. Miaka [[1820]]-[[1870]] Zanzibar ilifaidi [[matunda]] mazuri ya kiuchumi na [[maendeleo]] yaliyosababishwa na utawala wa [[Sultani|masultani]] na hivyo kupelekea kuenea kwa [[dini]] ya [[Kiislamu]] Zanzibar pamoja na kuwa na mwakilishi nchini [[Marekani]]. Katika [[karne ya 19]] Zanzibar ilikuwa chini ya utawala wa Oman, mwaka [[1830]] Zanzibar ilikuwa inaongoza kwa [[kilimo]] cha [[karafuu]], na hiyo kupelekea haja ya [[watumwa]] kuongezeka kutumika katika kilimo. Hatimaye watumwa walikuwa 90[[%]] za wakazi wote. Mwaka [[1885]] kamisheni kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Ujerumani]] iliamua kuigawa Zanzibar kutoka katika utawala wa Kisultani na ndio ulikuwa mwisho wa utawala wa kujitegemea kwa Zanzibar. Mnamo mwaka [[1886]] [[sultani]] alikubali maridhiano hayo. Mwaka [[1890]] Zanzibar ilikuwa chini ya uangalizi wa Waingereza rasmi, lakini [[uchaguzi]] wa mwanzo ulifanyika mwaka [[1957]], na miaka iliyofuata kukawepo [[fujo]] na machafuko kutoka kwa Waafrika wanaodai [[uhuru]] dhidi ya utawala wa Kiarabu. Mwezi Desemba mwaka 1963 Waingereza waliipa [[uhuru]] Zanzibar chini ya [[jumuiya ya madola]], na [[tarehe]] [[12 Januari]] 1964 Zanzibar ilifanya [[mapinduzi]] kujikomboa kutoka katika utawala wa sultani. [[Muda]] mchache baadaye iliungana na [[Tanganyika]] kuunda Jamhuri ya Muungano wa TANZANIA. == Siasa == Kwa jumla [[mikoa]] mitano ya Tanzania imo ndani ya Zanzibar ikiwa mitatu iko Unguja na miwili Pemba. Zanzibar inatawaliwa na [[Serikali ya Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar]] (SMZ). Zanzibar ina [[bunge]] lake linaloitwa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi wa Zanzibar]] lenye wabunge 50 wanaochaguliwa kwa muda wa miaka mitano. [[Mji mkuu]] na [[makao makuu]] ya [[serikali]] ni [[Jiji la Zanzibar]] ambalo liko kisiwa cha Unguja. Mji mkuu wa kisiwa cha Pemba ni [[Chake Chake]]. Jamhuri ya watu wa Zanzibar ilianzishwa baada ya [[mapinduzi]] ya 1964 yaliyomaliza [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]]. [[Rais]] wa kwanza alikuwa [[Abeid Amani Karume]] hadi mwaka [[1972]]. Alifuatwa na [[Aboud Jumbe]] (1972-[[1984]]). Rais wa tatu aliyemfuata alikuwa [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1984-[[1995]]) aliyeendelea kuwa [[rais wa Tanzania]] tangu 1985. [[Rais]] [[Amani Abeid Karume]] ambaye ni mwana wa rais wa kwanza na alikuwa [[mgombea]] wa [[CCM]] alichaguliwa mara ya pili na wananchi wote tarehe [[30 Oktoba]] [[2005]] katika kura iliyopingwa na [[chama cha upinzani]] [[CUF]]. Rais aliyefuata ni [[Ali Mohamed Shein]] ([[2010]]-[[2020]]), halafu [[Hussein Ali Mwinyi]]. ==Watu== Watu wa Zanzibar ni wa [[asili]] mbalimbali, hasa watu wa asili ya Afrika [[Bantu]], yakiwemo [[makabila]] ya [[Wahamidu]] na [[Watumbatu]]; halafu [[Waasia]], awali kutoka [[India]] na [[nchi za Kiarabu]]. [[Idadi]] ya wakazi wa Zanzibar ilikuwa 1,303,569 mwaka 2012, tarehe ya [[sensa]] ya mwisho, iliyoonyesha ongezeko la 3.1% kwa mwaka. Karibu [[theluthi]] mbili ya watu wanaishi katika kisiwa cha Zanzibar (Unguja). [[Mkoa wa mjini magharibi]] ndio wenye idadi kubwa ya wakazi, kiasi cha watu 205,870. Pemba ina jumla ya makazi sawa. Mji mkubwa ni Chake Chake, ukiwa na idadi ya 19,283, mengine ni [[Wete]] na [[Mkoani]]. ===Dini=== [[Dini]] ya [[Uislamu]] ina kiasi cha 97% za wananchi wote. Waliobaki ni hasa [[Wakristo]]. Wa kwanza walikuja wakati wa utawala wa Kireno, halafu wakati wa masultani kuwepo Zanzibar na wa [[ukoloni]] wa Uingereza. Kulikuwa na [[Wahindu]] pia lakini wengi wao walikimbia nchi au kuuawa wakati wa mapinduzi ya mwaka 1964. Kuna [[misikiti]] 51, ambayo [[waadhini]] wake hugongana wakati wa maombi, pamoja na [[hekalu|mahekalu]] ya [[Uhindu]] sita na [[Kanisa|makanisa]] kadhaa, yakiwemo [[Kanisa Kuu]] [[Kanisa Katoliki|Katoliki]] na Kanisa Kuu la [[Anglikana]] katika [[mji]] wa [[Zanzibar Stonetown]]. Hasa hilo la mwisho ni maarufu kwa sababu lilijengwa mahali pa [[soko la watumwa]] lililofungwa, [[altari]] ikiwa imejengwa juu ya nafasi ya [[mti]] wa kuwafunga watumwa walioadhibiwa kwa [[viboko]], na [[batizio]] kuwa mahali walipotupwa [[watoto]] watumwa ambao hawakuuzwa pamoja na [[mama]] zao. Hata hivyo makanisa kadhaa yalichomwa [[moto]] katika miaka 2005-2015. ==Afya== Upande wa [[huduma]] ya [[afya]], [[kifo|vifo]] vya [[watoto wachanga]] bado ni 83 kati ya wazaliwa 1000, na inakadiriwa kuwa [[utapiamlo]] huathiri mmoja katika watu watatu wa visiwa. [[Matarajio ya maisha]] wakati wa kuzaliwa ni miaka 48, wakati [[maambukizi]] ya [[VVU]] / [[UKIMWI]] ni madogo sana kwa Zanzibar kuliko Tanzania kwa ujumla (0.6% ya idadi ya watu dhidi ya [[wastani]] wa kitaifa wa 8%). ==Uchumi== [[Uchumi]] wa Zanzibar unategemea [[kilimo]] na [[utalii]]. [[Mazao]] yanayouzwa nje ni hasa [[karafuu]], [[basibasi]], [[mdalasini]] na [[pilipili]]. Uchumi wa Zanzibar ni uchumi duni kabisa ambao mwananchi wa kawaida anaishi kwa kiasi cha chini ya [[Dolar ya Marekani|dola]] moja kwa siku au hana uhakika wa kupata chochote. Wastani wa mapato ya kila mwaka ya [[Dolar ya Marekani|US $]] 250 na ukweli kwamba karibu [[nusu]] ya wakazi wanaishi chini ya mstari wa [[umaskini]]. Lakini kuna tofauti kubwa katika kiwango cha [[maisha]] kati ya wakazi wa Pemba na Unguja, tena kati ya wakazi wa [[Miji|mijini]] na [[Vijiji|vijijini]]. Hilo linatokana na [[viongozi]] kutoonesha mori katika kutatua matatizo au kuweka mbinu za kuleta [[maendeleo]], badala yake ni kujadili [[siasa]] kwa muda mwingi. Zanzibar ni nchi yenye matumaini katika uchumi lakini, kutokana na migogoro ya kisiasa, imekuwa katika hali duni kabisa, na [[balozi|mabalozi]] wa Marekani na nchi nyingine walisisitiza mara nyingi umuhimu wa kuwepo ushirikiano katika siasa ili kuiwezesha Zanzibar kuinuka katika hali ya uchumi. ==Viungo vya nje== *www.tanzabradford.webs.com/umoja wa watanzania Bradford *www.tzgr.ewebsite.com/Umoja wa Watanzania Greece *[http://www.zanzibar.go.tz/ Tovuti ya Serikali ya Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zanzibar.go.tz/ |date=20091213041637 }} *{{en}}[http://www.nbs.go.tz/stzanzibar.htm Takwimu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/stzanzibar.htm |date=20060619092745 }} *{{fr}}[http://zanzibar-photos.tripod.com Picha za Zanzibar] {{Wayback|url=http://zanzibar-photos.tripod.com/ |date=20191228202848 }} *{{en}}[http://unimaps.com/tanzania1886/index.html Ramani ya Zanzibar na Tanganyika 1886] *{{en}}[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4167807.stm Makala ya BBC kuhusu bendera mpya] *[http://home.globalfrontiers.com/Zanzibar/swahili_home_page.htm Historia na utamaduni wa Zanzibar] {{Wayback|url=http://home.globalfrontiers.com/Zanzibar/swahili_home_page.htm |date=20060207112626 }} *{{en}}[http://home.globalfrontiers.com/Zanzibar/111_links.htm Zanzibar links] {{Wayback|url=http://home.globalfrontiers.com/Zanzibar/111_links.htm |date=20060212195404 }} *[http://www.zanzibar-network.com/ Zanzibar Network kwa Utalii wa Ushirika - NGO Umoja] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zanzibar-network.com/ |date=20080108014023 }} [[Jamii:Zanzibar]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Funguvisiwa]] 92ito6k58qv8r734kx12d8iyjt8x9i2 0 3681 1540735 1539013 2026-05-12T03:19:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Ufaransa | jina_asili = La République française ([[fr]]) | kauli_mbiu = Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ([[fr]]) </br>Uhuru, Usawa, Undugu ([[sw]]) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "La Marseillaise" ([[fr]])<div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:La Marseillaise.ogg]]</div> | bendera = Flag of France.svg | nembo = Armoiries république française.svg | ramani = France on the globe (France centered).svg | maelezo_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Ufaransa</i></small> | ukubwawapicha = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Paris]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kifaransa]] | lugha2 = | kabila = {{plainlist| *92.2% [[Wafaransa]] *7.8% Wengine }} | dini = {{plainlist| *50% [[Ukristo]] *33% [[Wasio na dini]] *4% [[Uislamu]] *4% Dini Zinginezo }} | serikali = Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Rais | utaifa = Mfaransa | kiongozi1 = [[Emmanuel Macron]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | kiongozi_jina2 = François Bayrou | kiongozi3 = Rais wa Seneti | cheo_kiongozi3 = Gérard Larcher | bunge = Bunge La Ufaransa | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Ufalme wa Wafaransa wa Magharibi – Mkataba wa Verdun | tukio1_tarehe = 16 Agosti 843 | tukio2 = Jamhuri ya Kwanza ya Ufaransa | tukio2_tarehe = 22 Septemba 1792 | tukio3 = Katiba ya sasa – Jamhuri ya Tano ya Ufaransa | tukio3_tarehe = 4 Oktoba 1958 | eneo_jumla = 643,801 km² | eneo_ardhi = | eneo_maji = | asilimia_maji = 0.86 | idadi_ya_watu = {{increase}} 68,605,616 | mwaka_watu = 2025 | cheo_idadi_ya_watu = 20 | msongamano = 122 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $4.44 Trilioni | pato_mwaka = 2024 | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $65,940 | plt = {{increase}} $3.17 Trilioni | plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $48,070 | hdi = {{increase}} 0.910 | orodha_hdi = 28 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | mwaka_gini = 2022 | gini = 29.7 | tovuti = | sarafu = [[Euro]] </br> CFP franc (XPF) | majira_saa = +1 | msimbo_simu = 33 | mtandao = .fr | upande_wa_kuendeshea = Kulia | tanbihi = <small><i>Pato La Taifa inatumia data ya IMF chapisho la 2024</small><br> <small>Eneo Jumla Pia linajumuisha maeneo ya Mbali ya Ufaransa</small> }} '''Ufaransa''', rasmi '''Jamhuri ya Ufaransa''' <i> (République française [[fr]])</i> ), ni [[nchi]] iliyopo [[Ulaya ya Magharibi|magharibi mwa Ulaya]]. Kulingana na sensa ya 2020 Ufaransa ina idadi ya watu milioni 67.1 na eneo la kilomita za mraba 643,801 .Inapakana na [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Uholanzi]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Ujerumani]], [[Uswidi]], na [[Italia]] upande wa mashariki, [[Uhispania]] na [[Andorra]] upande wa kusini-magharibi. Nchi pia ina maeneo ya ng'ambo, kama vile visiwa vya Caribbean, [[Bahama]], na Pasifiki. [[Mji mkuu]] na mkubwa ni [[Paris]], na lugha rasmi ni [[Kifaransa]]. Ufaransa ina uchumi ulioendelea sana na uliotofautiana, ikiwa miongoni mwa nchi kubwa zaidi duniani kwa [[Plt|pato la taifa la kawaida]]. <ref name="OECD">{{cite web |url=https://www.oecd.org/economy/france-economic-snapshot/ |title=France Economic Snapshot |website=OECD.org |publisher=OECD |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Inaendesha uchumi wa soko mchanganyiko wenye ushiriki mkubwa wa sekta ya umma katika maeneo kama [[nishati]], [[usafiri]], na huduma za afya. Sekta ya huduma ndiyo sehemu kuu ya uchumi, ikichangia sehemu kubwa zaidi ya [[pato la taifa]] na ajira, hasa katika [[fedha]], [[utalii]], biashara ya rejareja, na utawala wa umma. <ref name="WFB">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/ |title=France - World Factbook |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=April 20, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316080837/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ufaransa pia ni kitovu kikuu cha kimataifa cha [[utalii]], ikipokea mamilioni ya wageni wa kimataifa kila mwaka. <ref name="UNWTO">{{cite web |url=https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/unwto-tourism-dashboard |title=International Tourism Highlights |website=UN Tourism |publisher=World Tourism Organization |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> [[Sekta ya viwanda]] nchini Ufaransa imeendelea sana na inajumuisha anga na usafiri wa anga, utengenezaji wa magari, [[kemikali]], [[dawa]], bidhaa za anasa, na uzalishaji wa nishati. Ufaransa ni miongoni mwa wauzaji wakuu wa ndege na [[teknolojia]] ya anga duniani, hasa kupitia kampuni kama ''Airbus''. <ref name="Coface">{{cite web |url=https://www.coface.com/news-economy-and-insights/economic-publications/france-country-report |title=France: Major Economic Highlights |website=Coface |publisher=Coface |date=2025 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Pia ni mzalishaji mkubwa wa kilimo ndani ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], ikiwa na uzalishaji mkubwa wa ngano, maziwa, divai, na mifugo. Kilimo kinanufaika na matumizi ya teknolojia ya kisasa na ushirikiano mkubwa katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya|masoko ya EU]] kupitia Sera ya Pamoja ya Kilimo. <ref name="EC">{{cite web |url=https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/cap-my-country/cap-strategic-plans/france_en |title=CAP strategic plan: France |website=European Commission |publisher=European Commission |date=2023 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Ufaransa ni jamhuri ya muundo wa serikali ya umoja yenye mfumo wa nusu-urais unaofafanuliwa na Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Tano, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1958. <ref name="Elysee">{{cite web |url=https://www.elysee.fr/en/french-institutions |title=The French Institutions |website=elysee.fr |publisher=Élysée Palace |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Rais ni mkuu wa nchi na ana mamlaka makubwa ya kiutendaji, wakati [[Waziri Mkuu]] anaongoza [[serikali]] na anawajibika mbele ya [[Bunge]]. Bunge lina mabunge mawili, Bunge la Taifa na Seneti. Ufaransa ina nafasi kubwa katika masuala ya kimataifa kama mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa, [[NATO]], na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa. <ref name="CFRFrance">{{cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/how-france-is-governed |author=Claire Klobucista |title=How France is Governed |website=CFR.org |publisher=Council on Foreign Relations |date=January 15, 2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Ufaransa pia ina utambulisho thabiti wa kitamaduni na kihistoria unaoathiri nafasi yake duniani. Imekuwa kituo kikuu cha sanaa, [[falsafa]], [[sayansi]], na fikra za kisiasa kwa karne nyingi. <ref name="BritannicaFrance">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/France |author=John Frederick Drinkwater |title=France - History, Culture, & Geography |website=Britannica |publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> [[Lugha]] na utamaduni wa [[Wafaransa|Kifaransa]] vinahamasishwa sana kupitia taasisi za kimataifa na diplomasia. Nchi hii pia ina maeneo ya ng’ambo katika mikoa mbalimbali, ambayo yanaongeza ushawishi wake wa kisiasa, kiuchumi, na kimkakati nje ya Ulaya ya bara. <ref name="WFB"/> ==Jiografia== [[Picha:Eiffel tower, extreme angle, 2003.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Mnara wa Eiffel]]]] [[File:600x600 GMT France topo-R1.jpg|thumb|Topografia ya Ufaransa]] Ufaransa ina [[pwani]] ndefu kwenye [[bahari]] ya [[Atlantiki]] pande za [[kaskazini]] na [[magharibi]] halafu kwenye [[Mediteranea]] upande wa [[kusini]]. Ufaransa ina pia [[Eneo la ng'ambo la Ufaransa|maeneo mengi ya ng'ambo]] yaliyokuwa makoloni yake zamani lakini kwa sasa ni sehemu rasmi za [[Jamhuri ya Ufaransa]] na wakazi wao ni [[raia]] wenye [[haki]] zote. Kati ya maeneo haya kuna hasa visiwa katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]], [[Amerika ya Kusini]], [[Bahari ya Karibi]], [[Afrika]], [[Bahari Hindi]] halafu [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]]. ===Mito=== Baadhi ya [[mito]] ya Ufaransa ni: * [[Mto Charente]] * [[Mto Doubs]] * [[Mto Garonne]] * [[Mto Isère]] * [[Mto Loire]] * [[Mto Marne]] * [[Mto Rhine]] * [[Mto Rhône]] * [[Mto Saône]] * [[Mto Seine]] * [[Mto Yser]] ==Historia== ===Historia ya awali=== Ufaransa ulikaliwa na [[watu]] tangu [[muda]] mrefu sana. [[Utafiti]] wa [[akiolojia]] umeonyesha [[vifaa]] vya [[mawe]] vyenye [[umri]] wa miaka [[laki]] iliyopita. ===Gallia=== Watu wa Ufaransa waliingia katika [[historia andishi]] kupitia taarifa za [[waandishi]] wa [[Roma ya Kale]] walioeleza habari za majirani wao [[Wagallia]] katika [[Italia ya kaskazini]] na Ufaransa wa leo. Hao Wagallia walikuwa [[Wakelti]] na mara kwa mara katika hali ya [[vita]] kati yao na [[Waroma]]. Kuanzia mwaka [[58 KK]] Juliasi [[Caesar]] aliteka na kutawala Gallia yote kwa niaba ya [[Jamhuri ya Roma]]. Gallia ikaendelea kuwa moja ya [[majimbo]] tajiri ya Roma na wakazi wengi walitumia [[lahaja]] za [[Kilatini]] kilichopata kuwa [[mama]] wa [[Kifaransa]] cha sasa. Lahaja za [[Kikelti]] zilibaki katika maeneo ya kando tu, kwa mfano [[Bretagne]]. Polepole wakazi wengi walipata kuwa [[Wakristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. ===Sehemu ya Milki ya Wafaranki=== Wakati wa kuporomoka kwa [[Dola la Roma]] ma[[kabila]] ya [[Kigermanik]] waliingia katika eneo la Ufaransa na kuchukua [[utawala]] [[Mkono|mikononi]] mwao. Kabila la Kigermanik la [[Wafaranki]]<ref>jina la Kilatini "Franci" ni asili ya maneno kama "Ufaransa, Kifaransa" na pia "Frankonia" inayotaja sehemu ya Ujerumani - hasa Bavaria kaskazini- ambako watu hujiita "Franken" hadi leo. Maumbo tofauti kwa [[Kiswahili]] yametokea na jina asilia; yaani [[herufi]] "c" ilipata mara matamshi kama "k" (Franki) au "s" (-faransa)</ref> lilitawala sehemu kubwa ya Ufaransa pamoja na [[Ujerumani]] ya [[magharibi]] mnamo mwaka [[500]]. [[Mfalme]] wao [[Chlodvig I]] (''tamka klod-vig'') alipokea Ukristo wa Kikatoliki kama [[dini rasmi]] ya [[milki]] yake. Mfalme [[Karolo Mkuu]] alipanua mipaka ya [[milki]] hadi Ujerumani ya [[kaskazini]] na [[Italia]] na mwaka [[800]] akapokea [[cheo]] cha [[Kaisari]] wa [[Roma]] kwa mikono ya [[Papa Leo III]]. ===Chanzo cha ufalme wa Ufaransa=== Baada ya [[kifo]] cha Karolo na [[Mwana|mwanawe]], milki iligawiwa kati ya warithi kwenye [[mkataba wa Verdun]] mwaka [[843]]. Miaka 100 baadaye [[mtemi]] wa [[Paris]] [[Hugo Capet]] alichukua nafasi ya [[mjukuu|wajukuu]] wa Karolo na wafuasi wake waliendelea kuimarisha [[mamlaka]] ya kifalme. Ugawaji wa mwaka 843 ulikuwa chanzo cha Ufaransa kama nchi ya pekee. Mwanzoni ilijulikana kama "milki ya Wafaranki wa magharibi" ilhali sehemu za Ujerumani ziliitwa "milki ya Wafaranki wa mashariki". Lakini [[Wagermanik]] katika Ufaransa walikuwa wameshaacha lugha yao asilia na kutumia kile Kilatini-Kifaransa cha siku zile. Wafalme wa sehemu walikuwa dhaifu mwanzoni na mamlaka kubwa ilikuwa mikononi wa ma[[kabaila]] katika majimbo ya ufalme. ===Ufaransa na Uingereza=== Kwa [[karne]] kadhaa [[historia]] ya Ufaransa ilikuwa na ugumu wa pekee kutokana na mchanganyiko wake na historia ya [[Uingereza]]. Mwaka [[1066]] mtemi [[William I wa Uingereza|William]] wa [[Normandi]] aliyekuwa chini ya mfalme wa Ufaransa alivamia Uingereza na kuwa mfalme huko lakini yeye pamoja na warithi wake waliendelea kuwa watemi wa jimbo la Normandi. Kwa njia hiyo watemi wa Normandi waliingia mara nyingi kwa nguvu katika [[siasa]] ya Ufaransa. Baada ya kifo cha mtawala wa mwisho kutoka [[ukoo]] wa Hugo Capet [[Wanormandi]] walidai cheo cha mfalme wa Ufaransa na hii ilikuwa chanzo cha [[vita ya miaka 100]]. Mwishowe Waingereza walipaswa kuacha karibu [[mali]] yote kutoka urithi wa [[Wanormandi]]. ===Kilele cha ufalme hadi mapinduzi ya 1789=== [[File:Acta Eruditorum - III mappe Francia, 1703 – BEIC 13363829.jpg|thumb|''Francia'', 1703]] Milki ya Ufaransa iliendelea kuwa nchi yenye nguvu katika [[Ulaya]]. Katika [[vita ya miaka 30]] ([[1618]] - [[1648]]) iliweza kujipatia nafasi ya mwamuzi katika [[siasa]] ya Ulaya bara. Wakati huohuo [[matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]] yalikuwa yameshaenea na watemi [[Waprotestanti]] walitawala maeneo makubwa ya Ufaransa. Mfalme [[Louis XIV wa Ufaransa]] aliona hali hiyo kama [[hatari]] kwa mamlaka yake, akafuta [[ahadi]] zote kwa Waprotestanti hadi wakaondoka nchini kwa wingi. Baada ya Louis XIV, waandamizi wake waliongeza ma[[deni]] ya [[serikali]] kwa [[vita]] vingi dhidi ya Uingereza na [[ujenzi]] wa ma[[jumba]] makubwa. Matatizo makali ya ki[[uchumi]] pamoja na mawazo mapya ya [[Zama za Mwangaza]] yalisababisha [[mapinduzi ya Kifaransa]] ya mwaka [[1789]]. Mamlaka ya mfalme iliondolewa na baada ya kipindi [[jamhuri]] kutangaziwa ilhali mfalme alishtakiwa kuwa [[msaliti]] na kupewa [[adhabu ya mauti]]. ===Napoleone=== Baada ya mapinduzi, Ufaransa uliingia katika vita na falme nyingine za Ulaya zilizoona [[mapinduzi]] ni hatari kwao. Wapinzani walikuwa hasa [[Uingereza]], [[Austria]] na pia [[Prussia]]. Kwa jumla jeshi la kimapinduzi lilifaulu kutetea eneo la Ufaransa na kuingia katika sehemu za Ujerumani, [[Uholanzi]] na Italia. Katika vita hivyo [[afisa]] [[kijana]], kwa jina [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], alipanda vyeo haraka hadi kuingia katika siasa; mwaka [[1799]] alichukua mamlaka yote kwa kutumia cheo cha "[[konsuli]] wa kwanza" na tangu [[1804]] alijiita "[[Kaisari]] wa Wafaransa". Katika vita vya mfululizo aliteka sehemu kubwa ya nchi za Ulaya au kuzilazimisha kumfuata. Baada ya kushinda Prussia na Austria na kutawala Italia pamoja na [[Hispania]] alikuwa mkuu wa Ulaya. Lakini vita alivyoanzishwa mwaka [[1812]] dhidi ya [[Urusi]] vilikuwa msingi wa kushindwa kwake. Mwaka [[1814]] alipaswa [[kusalimu amri]], akapelekwa kwenye [[kisiwa]] cha [[Elba]] (Italia); aliporudi barani na kujaribu kuwa mkuu wa Ufaransa tena, jeshi lake lilishindwa katika [[mapigano ya Waterloo]] mwaka [[1815]] na Napoleon akawa [[mfungwa]] kwenye kisiwa cha [[St Helena]] hadi [[kifo]] chake. ===Karne mbili za mwisho=== Baadaye ufalme ulirudishwa kwa msaada wa nchi zilizoshauriana pamoja kwenye [[mkutano wa Vienna]] [[1815]], lakini ulipinduliwa tena. Katika [[karne ya 19]] Ufaransa ulijitwalia [[Koloni|makoloni]] mengi, hasa [[Afrika]]. Katika [[vita vikuu vya kwanza]], ulivamiwa na Wajerumani, lakini mwisho uliibuka na [[ushindi]] na kurudishiwa mikoa ya [[Alsace]] na [[Lorraine]] iliyotekwa na Ujerumani katika vita vya mwaka [[1870]]. Baada ya [[vita vikuu vya pili]] ambako nchi ilitekwa na Ujerumani kwa kiasi kikubwa, Ufaransa ulipata [[katiba mpya]] na kujiunga na [[NATO]] ([[1949]]) na mwanzo wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] (tangu [[1951]]). Ilihesabiwa kati ya washindi wa vita na kupata [[kiti cha kudumu]] kwenye [[Baraza la Usalama la UM]]. Wakati huohuo utawala wake juu ya makoloni ulianza kuporomoka. Baada ya kushindwa katika [[Vita vya kwanza vya Indochina]] mwaka [[1954]] Ufaransa ulipaswa kukubali [[uhuru]] wa [[Vietnam Kaskazini]], [[Vietnam Kusini]], [[Laos]] na [[Kambodia]]. Makoloni yake mengi katika Afrika yalipata [[uhuru]] bila vita mnamo [[1960]]. Ila Aljeria, iliyowahi kutangazwa kuwa sehemu ya Ufaranya yenyewe, ilipata uhuru wake baada ya vita vikali vya kupigania uhuru vya miaka 1954 - [[1962]]. Katika kipindi hiki cha vurugu [[jenerali]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] alichaguliwa kuwa [[rais]] chini ya katiba mpya iliyounda mfumo wa rais kama kiongozi wa [[serikali]] mwenye [[mamlaka]] makubwa. [[Chama cha kisiasa|Vyama]] mbalimbali vilivyoendelea kutetea [[itikadi]] ya de Gaulle hata baada ya [[kifo]] chake vinaendelea kuwa mkondo muhimu katika siasa ya Ufaransa na marais walichaguliwa ama kutoka mkondo huo ([[Jaques Chirac]], [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]) au kutoka Chama cha Kisoshalisti ([[Francois Mitterand]], [[Francois Hollande]]). Tangu [[miaka ya 1980]] chama kipya cha [[Front National]] kilianza kupata [[kura]] kikipinga uhusiano wa karibu na Umoja wa Ulaya na [[wahamiaji]] [[Waislamu]] kutoka nchi za [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]]. Katika [[uchaguzi]] wa rais wa mwaka [[2017]] ilitokea kwa mara ya kwanza ya kwamba wagombea wa vyama vikubwa walishindwa kupata kura nyingi na awamu ya mwisho ya uchaguzi ilikuwa kati ya mgombea wa kujitegemea [[Emmanuel Macron]] (aliyepata urais) na [[Marine Le Pen]] wa Front National. ==Utawala== {{Kigezo:Mikoa ya Ufaransa}} {{main|Orodha ya departments za Ufaransa}} Baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa|mapinduzi]] ya mwaka [[1789]] Ufaransa yote iligawiwa katika wilaya (kwa Kifaransa "département") zilizoongozwa na mkuu (prefect) aliyekuwa mwakilishi wa [[serikali kuu]]. Tangu mwaka [[1964]] wilaya ziliwekwa chini ya ngazi mpya ya [[mikoa]] ("région"). Tangu mwaka [[1982]] Ufaransa ilianza kutumia mfumo wa [[ugatuzi]] na kuipa mikoa, wilaya na [[kata]] zake kiwango cha [[madaraka]] ya kujitawala. Mikoa huwa sasa na bunge zao. Kiasili Ufaransa ya Ulaya ilikuwa na mikoa 22. Idadi hiyo ilipunguzwa mwaka 2016. Kwa sasa kuna mikoa 13 Ufaransa ya Ulaya halafu [[Eneo la ng'ambo la Ufaransa|mikoa 5 ya ng'ambo]] huko Amerika Kusini na katika Bahari Hindi. ==Demografia== Tangu muda mrefu Ufaransa imepokea [[wahamiaji]] wengi, hivi kwamba 7.7% za wakazi ni wageni; tena 23% wana walau [[mzazi]] au [[babu]]/[[bibi]] mmoja aliyezaliwa nje ya nchi. 13% za wakazi wana [[asili]] ya [[Afrika]] ([[kaskazini kwa Sahara|kaskazini]] au [[kusini kwa Sahara]]). === Lugha === [[Lugha ya taifa]] ni [[Kifaransa]] lakini kuna lugha za maeneo kama vile [[Kibaski]], [[Kibretoni]], [[Kikatalani]], [[Kikorsika]], [[Kijerumani]], [[Kiholanzi]] na [[Kioksitania]]. Wahamiaji kutoka nchi zilizokuwa makoloni ya Ufaransa walileta pia lugha zao, hasa [[Kiarabu]] na [[Kiberber]] kutoka [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]]. === Dini === Ufaransa haina [[dini rasmi]] lakini wakazi walio wengi (47%) ni [[Wakatoliki]]. 2% ni [[Waprotestanti]] na 1% [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] wengine. 4% ni [[Waislamu]] kutokana na wahamiaji milioni 5-6 kutoka makoloni ya zamani katika Afrika ya Kaskazini au [[Afrika Magharibi|Magharibi]] pamoja na watoto wao. 2% ni [[Wabuddha]] na 1% [[Wayahudi]]. 33% hawana [[dini]] yoyote<ref>"Etat des lieux de la laïcité en France - 2021" (PDF) (official statistics) (in French). Observatoire de la laïcité, Government of France.</ref>. === Majiji === * '''[[Orodha ya miji ya Ufaransa]]''' #[[Paris]] # [[Lyon]] # [[Marseille]] # [[Toulouse]] # [[Toulon]] # [[Lille]] # [[Brest]] # [[Nice]] # [[Amiens]] # [[Angers]] # [[Bordeaux]] # [[Caen]] # [[Dijon]] # [[Metz]] # [[Nantes]] # [[Nîmes]] # [[Rennes]] # [[Montpellier]] # [[Grenoble]] # [[Strasbourg]] # [[Saint-Étienne]] == Uchumi == [[File:Paris France 6.jpg|thumb|[[Paris]], Ufaransa]] Uchumi wa Ufaransa ni miongoni mwa mkubwa zaidi duniani na wa pili kwa ukubwa ndani ya Umoja wa Ulaya, ukiwa na [[pato la taifa]] la kawaida linalokadiriwa kufikia takriban dola trilioni 3.24 mwaka 2026. <ref name="IMF_April_2026">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2026/April/ |title=World Economic Outlook Database: April 2026 |website=IMF.org |date=April 14, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Ni uchumi ulioendelea sana wa aina ya soko mchanganyiko unaojulikana kwa ushiriki mkubwa wa serikali katika sekta muhimu kama [[nishati]], [[usafiri]], na [[huduma]] za umma. <ref name="CIA_WFB_France">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/ |title=France - World Factbook |website=cia.gov |date=April 20, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316080837/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nchi inanufaika na [[miundombinu]] iliyoendelea, nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi, na ushirikiano mkubwa ndani ya soko la pamoja la Ulaya. [[Euro]] ni sarafu rasmi, kwani Ufaransa ni mwanachama wa eneo la euro. <ref name="EU_Commission_Euro">{{cite web |url=https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/eu-countries-and-euro/france-and-euro_en |title=France and the euro |website=European Commission |date=2023 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Sekta ya huduma ndiyo inayoongoza uchumi wa Ufaransa, ikichangia sehemu kubwa zaidi ya [[pato la taifa]] na ajira. <ref name="Britannica_Econ_France">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/France/Economy |author=John Frederick Drinkwater |title=Economy of France |website=Britannica |date=April 12, 2026 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Maeneo muhimu ni [[fedha]], [[bima]], biashara ya rejareja, [[mawasiliano ya simu]], [[afya]], [[elimu]], na utawala wa umma. Utalii ni sehemu muhimu sana ya uchumi, kwani Ufaransa mara kwa mara huwa miongoni mwa nchi zinazotembelewa zaidi duniani, ikipokea mamilioni ya watalii wa kimataifa kila mwaka. <ref name="UN_Tourism_Dashboard">{{cite web |url=https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/unwto-tourism-dashboard |title=International Tourism Highlights |website=UN Tourism |date=2024 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> [[Paris]] ni kituo kikuu cha kimataifa cha [[biashara]], [[utamaduni]], mitindo, na fedha. [[Viwanda]] na [[kilimo]] pia vina nafasi muhimu katika uchumi wa Ufaransa. Sekta ya viwanda inajumuisha anga na usafiri wa anga, utengenezaji wa magari, kemikali, dawa, bidhaa za anasa, na uzalishaji wa nishati, huku Ufaransa ikiwa miongoni mwa wauzaji wakuu wa ndege duniani kupitia kampuni kama Airbus. <ref name="Coface_France_Report">{{cite web |url=https://www.coface.com/news-economy-and-insights/economic-publications/france-country-report |title=France: Major Economic Highlights |website=Coface |date=2025 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Kilimo ni miongoni mwa kilimo chenye tija kubwa zaidi barani [[Ulaya]], kikizalisha nafaka, divai, bidhaa za maziwa, na nyama, kikiwa kinaungwa mkono na mbinu za kisasa za kilimo na sera za kilimo za [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. <ref name="EU_Agri_France">{{cite web |url=https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/cap-my-country/cap-strategic-plans/france_en |title=CAP strategic plan: France |website=European Commission |date=2023 |access-date=May 7, 2026 }} </ref> Ufaransa pia ni muuzaji mkubwa wa bidhaa na huduma nje ya nchi, ikiwa na uhusiano imara wa kibiashara ndani ya Ulaya na duniani kote. <ref name="CIA_WFB_France"/> == Watu maarufu == * [[Adolphe Adam]] * [[Albert Camus]] * [[Albert Schweitzer]] * [[Alois Maria wa Montfort]] * [[Anselm wa Canterbury]] * [[Bernardo wa Clairvaux]] * [[Blaise Pascal]] * [[Charles de Foucald]] * [[Charles Sacleux]] * [[Daniel Auber]] * [[François Mauriac]] * [[Fransisko wa Sales]] * [[Gregori wa Tours]] * [[Henri Bergson]] * [[Henri Matisse]] * [[Hilari wa Poitiers]] * [[Jacques Maritain]] * [[Jacques Monod]] * [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] * [[Jeanne d'Arc]] * [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] * [[John Calvin]] * [[Koleta Boylet]] * [[Le Corbusier]] * [[Louis Pasteur]] * [[Ludoviko IX]] * [[Marcel Proust]] * [[Margareta Maria Alacoque]] * [[Marie Curie]] * [[Martino wa Tours]] * [[Molière]] * [[Paul Sabatier]] * [[Paulino wa Nola]] * [[Pierre Curie]] * [[René Descartes]] * [[Teresa wa Mtoto Yesu]] * [[Valdo]] * [[Victor Hugo]] * [[Vinsenti wa Paulo]] * [[Voltaire]] * [[Yoana Antida Thouret]] * [[Yoana Fransiska wa Chantal]] * [[Yohane Baptista de La Salle]] * [[Yohane Maria Vianney]] == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya miji ya Ufaransa]] * [[Orodha ya départements za Ufaransa]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.traveldir.org/france/ France Travel Guide] {{Wayback|url=http://www.traveldir.org/france/ |date=20061018235436 }} * [http://annuairepagesblanches.org/pages-jaunes Pages Jaunes] Ufaransa kitabu cha simu * [http://www.pictures-europe.com/holidays-france.htm France Pictures] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pictures-europe.com/holidays-france.htm |date=20060709080033 }} * [http://www.pictures-europe.com/map/map-france.htm France Map] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pictures-europe.com/map/map-france.htm |date=20060709085051 }} * [http://meteo.12.growiktionary.org France Weather] {{Wayback|url=http://meteo.12.growiktionary.org/ |date=20141219183853 }} [[Jamii:Ufaransa| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G7]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G8]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Nchi]] jvtiepb33zshyhmhg5ez6umag7w9hdq 0 5793 1540612 1496613 2026-05-11T20:38:14Z ~2026-28465-30 89256 1540612 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wandali''' ni [[kabila]] linalopatikana hasa [[kusini]] [[magharibi]] mwa nchi ya [[Tanzania]], katika [[Wilaya ya Ileje]], [[Mkoa wa Songwe]]. Kabla [[mkoa]] huo haujaanzishwa ilikuwa [[wilaya]] ya [[mkoa wa Mbeya]]. Pia wako nchini [[Malawi]]. Ni kabila la watu wapole na wakarimu sana kwa wageni, pia lenye [[juhudi]] sana kwa [[kazi za mikono]], mathalani, kulima kwa [[jembe]] la mikono na kupasua [[mbao]] kwa [[msumeno]] wa mikono, na wenye wivu wa maendeleo. Hii pia inachangiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na [[jiografia]] ya [[wilaya]] hiyo kuwa na miinuko mingi kwa sehemu kubwa, hasa kwa ukanda wa Undali yaani ukanda ambao wilaya ya Ileje inapakana na [[wilaya ya Rungwe]] na [[wilaya ya Kyela]]. Wanadumisha sana [[lugha]] yao, ambayo inaitwa [[Kindali]] na inafanana na [[Kinyakyusa]]. Hii ni kwa sababu kabila la Wandali kwa [[asili]], [[historia]] ya masimulizi ya watu wa zamani inaonyesha kuwa na [[chimbuko]] moja na kabila la [[Wanyakyusa]]. Tofauti kati ya makabila hayo mawili hutokana na utengano wa watu wa zamani kijiografia tu. Wanawake wa Kindali ni watu wastaarabu sana, wachapakazi na wenye mapenzi ya kweli na dhati: pesa kwao ni hitaji la mwisho kabisa baada ya namba moja ambayo ni mapendo. Upande wa [[dini]] wengi wao ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]], hasa wa [[madhehebu]] ya [[Wamoravian]]. [[Chakula]] chao kikuu ni magimbi, viazi vitamu pamoja na [[ndizi]], ma[[parachichi]] na [[magimbi]] bila kusahau na mihogo pamoja na ugali wa mahindi. Pia hujishughulisha na [[ufugaji]] wa [[ng'ombe]], [[mbuzi]], [[kondoo]] na [[kuku]], na [[ususi]] wa [[nyungo]] ambao umekuwa sehemu muhimu ya [[biashara]] ndani na nje ya mkoa. Baadhi ya [[Ukoo|koo]] za jamii ya Wandali ni pamoja na Cheyo (Kyejo), Chisunga, Gambi, Kabenga, Kabhighili, Kabuje, Kabuka, Kalinga, Kalonge, Kamendu, Kaminyoge, Kamwela, Kandonga, Kapange, Kapesa, Kapungu, Kapushi, Kasebele, Kasege, Kasekwa, Kasembe, Kashuka, Kasunga, Kasyupa, Kateko, Katiti, Kayange (Kajange), Kayuni (Kajuni), Kibona (Chibona), Kita, Kiyalo (Kijalo), Kyamba, Kyomo (Chomo), Lwinga, Lwesya, Masebo, Mbene (Mwambene), Mbindi, Mbisa, Mbonge, Mbotwa, Mbuba, Mbughi, Mbukwa, Mbwaga, Mbwile, Mjwanga, Mlaga, Mlungu, Mlwafu, Motela, Mshani, Msokwa, Msongwe, Mtafya, Mtawa, Musomba, Mwogha, Ndile, Ndimbwa, Ngabo, Ngao, Njeyo, Rungwe, Sambo, Sengo, Songa, Swila, Tete, Tuya (Tuja) n.k {{Makabila ya Tanzania}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ndali}} [[Jamii:Makabila ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Ileje]] fm3nz61fqzxh5mjx1ldu8765zf06cd6 0 6490 1540421 877692 2026-05-11T14:09:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540421 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tuzo Nobel.png|left|80px]] [[Picha:Paz0.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Octavio Paz]] '''Octavio Paz''' ([[31 Machi]] [[1914]] – [[19 Aprili]] [[1998]]) alikuwa mshairi na mwanasiasa kutoka nchi ya [[Meksiko]]. Tangu mwaka wa 1945 alifanya kazi kama balozi kwa ajili ya nchi yake. Mwaka wa 1990 alikuwa mshindi wa '''[[Tuzo ya Nobel]] ya Fasihi'''. {{DEFAULTSORT:Paz, Octavio}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1998]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi]] t39tbzd0r4u88b0mcrzwpw765iv3uve 14 6728 1540424 1435279 2026-05-11T14:11:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] 1540424 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] oi4x771xuss8lyqtwm0xc0dgvdys41j 14 6730 1540429 1539525 2026-05-11T14:12:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Jamii:Washairi wa Meksiko]] 1540429 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Category:Washairi wa Meksiko]] qp5agronjmnukt02vbyltpkot7baz7k 0 9874 1540492 1502923 2026-05-11T16:04:48Z CommonsDelinker 234 Replacing Public_Seal_of_Niue.svg with [[File:Public_Seal_of_Niue_(1974–2021).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: File:Public_Seal_of_Niue.svg merged with File:Public Seal of Niue (1974–2021).svg). 1540492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = Niue |common_name = Niue |image_flag = Flag of Niue.svg |image_coat =Public Seal of Niue (1974–2021).svg |image_map = LocationNiue.png |national_anthem = ''[[Ko e Iki he Lagi]]'' |capital = [[Alofi]] |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |largest_city = |official_languages = [[Kiniue]], [[Kiingereza]] |government_type = [[Ufalme wa kikatiba]] |leader_titles = [[Mkuu wa Dola]]<br> [[Kamishna]] <br>[[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = Malkia [[Elizabeth II wa Uingereza]] <br>[[Anton Ojala]]<br>[[Young Vivian]] |sovereignty_type = [[Nchi shiriki]] |established_events = Katiba ya Niue |established_dates = [[19 Oktoba]] [[1974]] |area_rank = |area_magnitude = |area = 260 |areami² = 100 |percent_water = 0 |population_estimate = 1,611 |population_estimate_year = Julai 2011 |population_estimate_rank = 221 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density = 5.35/km2 |population_densitymi² = |population_density_rank = -- |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP = $7.6 millioni |GDP_PPP_rank = <small>--</small> |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = <small>--</small> |HDI_year = |HDI = |HDI_rank = |HDI_category = |currency = [[New Zealand dollar]] |currency_code = NZD |time_zone = |utc_offset = -11 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |cctld = [[.nu]] |calling_code = 683 |footnotes = }} [[Image:Niue-cia-world-factbook-map.png|thumb|250px]] '''Niue''' ni [[nchi ya kisiwani]] katika [[Pasifiki]] ya kusini. Ni nchi ya kujitawala inayoshiriki na [[New Zealand]] inayoratibu [[siasa]] ya nje na mambo ya ki[[jeshi]]. Karibu wenyeji wote wanaishi huko New Zealand. Niue iko [[km]] 2,400 kaskazini-magharibi kwa New Zealand kati ya [[Tonga]], [[Samoa]] na [[Visiwa vya Cook]]. Inahesabiwa kati ya visiwa vya [[Polinesia]] ikiitwa "Mwamba wa Polinesia". Wakazi ni [[Wakristo]], hasa [[Wakalvini]] (67%), halafu [[Wakatoliki]] (10%). Pia kuna [[Wamormoni]] (10%). == Historia == Niue, taifa dogo la kisiwa kiliyoko katika [[Pasifiki ]] Kusini, limekuwa likiwa na wakaazi wa Kipolinesia kwa angalau miaka 1,000 waliotoka [[Samoa]] na [[Tonga]]. Wakaazi hawa wa mwanzo walikuza [[utamaduni]] wa kipekee wenye muundo mgumu wa [[jamii|kijamii]], [[kilimo]] cha jadi, [[uvuvi]], na ujuzi wa uratibu wa baharini. Mila za mdomo, mpangilio wa vijiji, na miundo ya mawe kama vile madarasa ya [[kilimo]] na ngome zinaonyesha maendeleo ya awali ya kijamii ya Niue. Upekee wa kisiwa huu uliruhusu [[utamaduni]] wa Niue kuendeleza kwa uhuru huku ukidumisha uhusiano na visiwa jirani vya Kipolinesia kupitia biashara na safari za baharini. Mawasiliano ya [[Wakoloni]] wa [[Ulaya]] na [[Niue]] yalianza [[karne ya 18]], wakati wachunguzi wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Ulaya]] walitembelea kisiwa mara chache. Wamisionari walifika katikati ya [[karne ya 19]], wakileta [[Ukristo]], elimu ya Magharibi, na mbinu mpya za utawala. Utambulisho wa [[Ukristo]] ulileta mabadiliko makubwa katika desturi nyingi za jadi na mazoea ya [[jamii|kijamii]], huku vijiji vikichukua muundo wa jamii unaozungukwa na kanisa na mifumo mipya ya kimaadili na [[sheria|kisheria]]. Licha ya mabadiliko haya, wananchi wa Niue walidumisha vipengele vingi vya urithi wao wa Kipolinesia, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[lugha]], utatuzi wa maamuzi ya pamoja, na sherehe za kitamaduni. Mnamo mwaka wa 1900, Niue ilikua hifadhi ya [[Uingereza]] na baadaye ikaingia katika ushirikiano huru na [[Nyuzilandi]], ambayo inaendelea kutoa msaada wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] na kiutawala. Wananchi wa Niue walipatiwa uraia wa [[Nyuzilandi]], na wakaazi wa kisiwa wamekuwa wakiitegemea misaada ya fedha, msaada, na ushirikiano wa kimataifa kwa maendeleo. Leo, Niue ni taifa linalojiendesha lenye idadi ndogo ya watu na utambulisho wa kipekee wa Kipolinesia, likiunganisha utawala na elimu ya kisasa huku likihifadhi utamaduni wa jadi, lugha, na maadili ya kijamii. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Pasifiki}} {{mbegu-jio}} [[Jamii:Nchi za Australia na Pasifiki]] [[Category:New Zealand]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 7391ict110t5objb1x8zyqr9enl3iab 0 13753 1540505 1297171 2026-05-11T16:42:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{elementi | rangi =#ffa0a0 | jina =Roentgeni (Roentgenium) | picha = Rg-TableImage.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = | alama = Rg | namba atomia = 111 | mfululizo safu = Simetali | uzani atomia = 280 u | valensi = 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 1 | densiti husianifu = | kiwango cha kuyeyuka = | kiwango cha kuchemka = | kiwango utatu = | % ganda dunia = 0 | hali maada = | mengineyo = }} [[Picha:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-cropped.JPG|thumb|left|[[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen]]]] '''Roentgeni''' (jina la awali hadi 2004: '''Unununium''') ni [[elementi sintetiki]] yenye [[namba atomia]] 111 katika [[mfumo radidia]] na [[uzani atomia]] wa [[isotopi]] yake yenye [[nusumaisha]] ndefu ni 280. Alama yake ni '''Rg'''. Roentgeni haitokei kiasili kwa sababu nusumaisha ya isitopi zake ni fupi mno. ²⁷²Rg ina nusumaisha ya sekunde 0.0038 pekee; isotopi yenye nusumaisha ndefu ya sekunde 3.6 ni ²⁸⁰Rg. Hadi sasa isotopi mbili nyingine zilitambiluwa zenye nusumaisha ya [[millisekunde]] 170 (²⁷⁹Rg) na 6.4 (²⁷⁴). Roentgeni ilitambuliwa mara ya kwanza na wanasayansi wa taasisi ya utafiti wa kinyuklia huko [[Darmstadt]]. Walifaulu kuitengeneza katika chombo cha nyuklia mara sita pia watafiti Wajapan walifaulu mara chache. Jina limekubaliwa kimataifa kuwa "Roentgeni" kwa heshima ya [[Konrad Röntgen]]. Kama elementi zote za sintetiki hazina matumizi zatengenezwa tu kwa kusudi la utafiti. Duniani hazipatikani kiasili tena hata kama uwezekano ya kwamba ziliwahi kupatikana zamani ila tu kutokana na maisha mafupi ya atomi zao zimeshapotea muda mrefu. Kama ingewezekana kuitengeneza kwa kiasi kikubwa kidogo inawezekana itakuwa na rangi kama [dhahabu] lakini hadi sasa atomi chache hazikutosha kutazama rangi. == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons|Roentgenium}} * [http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rg/index.html WebElements.com - Roentgenium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Rg/index.html |date=20070103033310 }} * [http://www.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/corish_311004.html IUPAC: Proposal of name ''roentgenium'' for element 111] * [http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2004/naming111.html IUPAC: Element 111 is named roentgenium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2004/naming111.html |date=20060318235330 }} * [http://www.apsidium.com/elements/111.htm Apsidium - Roentgenium Element 111] {{Wayback|url=http://www.apsidium.com/elements/111.htm |date=20070322204621 }} * [http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uuu.html Unununium Element At Chemicalelements.com] [[Jamii:Elementi sintetiki]] [[Jamii:Elementi]] qyd83l8k4hqf3almj70ak7ark2d0v7s 0 14200 1540471 1524006 2026-05-11T15:05:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540471 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Raila Odinga in 2017.jpg|thumb|250px|Raila Amolo Odinga]] '''Raila Odinga''' ([[7 Januari]] [[1945]] - [[15 Oktoba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kenya]] aliyehudumu kama [[Waziri mkuu]] kutoka mwaka wa [[2008]] hadi [[2013]]. Alitazamwa kuwa [[kiongozi]] wa upinzani nchini Kenya kuanzia 2013 kwani [[Katiba ya Kenya|katiba mpya]] ya Kenya haina nafasi hiyo. Alikuwa mbunge wa Langata kuanzia 1992 hadi 2007. Raila Odinga alihudumu kwenye baraza la mawaziri la Kenya kama waziri wa nishati kuanzia 2001 hadi 2002, na baadaye kama waziri wa barabara, kazi ya umma na makazi kuanzia 2003 hadi 2005. Odinga aliteuliwa kuwa mwakilishi wa juu wa maendeleo ya miundombinu katika Umoja wa Afrika mwaka wa 2018. Alijulikana kote Kenya kwa jina lake la kwanza Raila, Rao au Baba. Watu wanaotoka kwenye kabila lake la Wajaluo hupenda kumwita Agwambo, Tinga au Nyundo. == Utoto na familia == Alizaliwa [[1945]] katika familia ya [[Wajaluo]] akiwa mtoto wa chifu [[Jaramogi Oginga Odinga]] aliyekuwa makamu wa rais wa kwanza nchini Kenya. Baba yake alikuwa kiongozi mkuu wa Waluo akatazamiwa baadaye kama mpinzani mkuu wa rais wa kwanza [[Jomo Kenyatta]]. Kaka yake Raila, Oburu Odinga amekuwa mwanasiasa na mbunge vilevile ambapo sasa ni mbunge wa [[EALA]]. Raila alimwoa Ida Betty Odinga wkapatna watoto wanne: Fidel, Rosemary, Raila jr. na Winnie. == Elimu na kazi == Raila baada ya kumaliza shule nchini Kenya alikwenda kusoma [[uhandisi]] katika Chuo cha Ufundi [[Magdeburg]] ([[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kijerumani]]) kati ya [[1965]] hadi [[1970]]. Alipata digrii ya MSc kama mhandisi. Alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]] kama mwalimu hadi 1974 alipokuwa naibu mkurugenzi katika [[Shirika la Viwango Kenya]] (Kenya Bureau of Standards). [[Picha:Raila Amolo Odinga - World Economic Forum on Africa 2008.jpg|thumb|Odinga mwaka 2008.]] Raila alianzisha makampuni kadhaa kama vile Applied Engineering Services na Pan African Petroleum Limited. Ameendelea kuendesha kampuni ya familia ya Spectre International Limited inayoshika 40% za hisa za kiwanda cha ethanol cha Kisumu na East African Spectre inayotengeneza chupa za gesi ya kupikia. Mwaka [[2007]] alikadiriwa kuwa na mali yenye thamani ya takriban bilioni 4 za shilingi za Kenya. Raila anajulikana kama mpenzi wa mpira wa miguu aliyeshiriki mara nyingi katika timu ya Bunge la Kenya. Anapenda kutazama michezo uwanjani. Katika hotuba zake alichukua mara nyingi nafasi ya mtangazaji wa redio akilinganisha siasa na mchezo wa mpira. == Maisha ya siasa == Raila alionekana katika siasa mara ya kwanza baada ya jaribio la [[Mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya [[1982]] nchini Kenya]]. Raila asiyewahi kuwa mwanajeshi alishtakiwa kushiriki katika mipango hii akakamatwa akafungwa katika nyumba yake kwa miezi sita na kutupwa jela bila hukumu jumla miaka nane kati ya 1982-1988, 1988-1989 na 1990-1991. Wakati ule alikanusha mashtaki lakini kutokana tawasifu iliyotolewa mwaka 2006 imeonekana ya kwamba alikuwa na habari kuhusu mipango ya mapinduzi. Mwaka 1991 Raila aliondoka Kenya kukimbilia [[Norwei]] akihofia maisha yake. Baada ya serikali ya Moi kubadilisha katiba na kuruhusu vyama vya upinzani akarudi na kujiunga na chama cha FORD ([[Forum for the Restauration of Democracy]]) kilichoongozwa na babake. Katika uchaguzi wa kwanza wa vyama vingi akachaguliwa kama mbunge wa jimbo la Lagata mjini [[Nairobi]]. Katika mafarakano ya FORD aliendelea upande wa babake katika [[Ford-Kenya]]. Baada ya kifo cha baba akagombea uongozi wa FORD-Kenya akashindwa na [[Michael Wamalwa]] akaondoka na kujiunga na chama kidogo cha National Development Party NDP akifuatwa na wabunge wengi wa chama kutoka eneo la Waluo. == Kukaribia serikali na muungano na KANU == Katika uchaguzi wa 1997 alimaliza nafasi ya tatu kaa mgombea wa rais baada ya Moi na [[Mwai Kibaki]]. Akaingia katika bunge kati ya vyama vya upinzani lakini akaanza kujenga maelewano na Moi na chama cha [[KANU]]. Wapinzani wake Raila walisema ya kwamba shabaha zake za kiuchumi zilikuwa sababu muhimu katika badiliko wakidai ya kwamba biashara za Raila zilisogea mbele wakati ule wa ushirioano na Moi. Watetezi wake walisema ya kwamba aliona upinzani ulikuwa umegawnyika mno akaona njia ya pekee ya kubadilisha hali ya nchi ilikuwa ushirikiano na KANU. 2001 Raila alikuwa watiri wa nishati katika serikai ya Moi akaendelea kuunganisha chama chake cha NDP na KANU akawa katibu mkuu wa chama kipya cha muungano katika mkutano ulioendeshwa dhidi ya sehemu wa viongozi wa zamani za KANU. == Farakano katika KANU na kuanzishwa kwa Rainbow NARC == Kabla ya uchaguzi wa 2002 farakano likaonekana. Inawezekana Raila alitegemea kupata nafasi ya kuwa mgombea wa urais wa KANU Mpya baada ya Moi lakini rais alianza kutangaza ya kwamba chaguo lake lilikuwa Uhuru Kenyatta. Kwenye mkutano ulionthebitisha Kenyatta kulingana na mapenzi ya Moi Raila pamoja na sehemu ya viongozi wa KANU waliondoka na kujiunga na upinzani uliowahi kuunga mkono chini ya bendera ya National Alliance of Kenya (NAK). Raila pamoja na sehemu ya viongozi wa KANU hasa [[Kalonzo Musyoka]], [[George Saitoti]], [[Joseph Kamotho]] waliopinga upendeleo wa Moi kwa [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] waliondoka katika chama wakatangaza kuundwa kwa harakati ya upinde wa mvua (Rainbow Movement). Walitumia chama kidogo cha Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) kama chombo cha kisheria kwa umoja wao mpya. Rainbow waliingia mara moja katika majadiliano na NAK iliyokuwa muungano wa vyama vya upinzani wakaunda umoja mpya wa NARC (National Rainbow Coalition). Katika NARC Raila akasimama upande wa mgombea wa urais Mwai Kibaki. Katika kipindi hiki Raila aliendelea kuwa kiongozi wa kitaifa akitanganza "Kibaki tosha" kwa maana ya kwamba aliona Kibaki alifaa kuwa rais mpya na yeye kama Mluo aliunga mkono na mgombea Mkikuyu yaani Kibaki. Msingi wa ushirikiano ulikuwa mapatano kati ya pande za NARC yaliyoitwa "Memorandum of Understanding" (MoU). Hapo walipatana ya kuwa: * Kibaki atakuwa rais * LDP itapewa nusu ya mawaziri katika serikali * katika muda siku 100 katiba itabadilishwa itakayopunguza madaraka ya rais * sehemu ya madaraka ya rais zitakabishiwa kwa cheo kipya cha waziri mkuu * Raila atakuwa waziri mkuu wa NARC. == Ushindi wa NARC na mafarakano katika serikali mpya == NARC ikashinda uchaguzi na Kibaki akawa rais mpya. Raila akaingia katika serikali kama waziri wa barabara. Lakini Kibaki hakutimiza MoU. LDP haikupata nusu ya mawaziri. Mkutano wa kusahihisha katiba ulikwamishwa na na mapendekezo ya mkutano wa kutunga katiba mpya katika [[Bomas of Kenya]] hayakutekelezwa. Cheo cha waziri mkuu haukuanzishwa. Katika miaka iliyofuata farakano ilikua. Mwaka 2005 upande wa rais Kibaki ulijaribu kuanzisha katiba mpya usiokuwa na mabadiliko mengi kuhusu madaraka ya rais. Cheo kipya cha waziri mkuu kikapangwa kuwa na madaraka machache. Vilevile ugatuzi wa madaraka hayakuonekana jinsi ilivyowahi kukubaliwa katika mkutano wa Bomas of Kenya. Katiba hii ilitakiwa kukubaliwa na wananchi wote. Kempeni ya kura hii ikagawa taifa hata mawaziri wa serikali walionekana pande zote mbili. Watetezi wa katiba iliyopendekezwa walitumia ishara ya ndizi na wapinzani walitumia ishara ya chungwa. Raila pamoja na chama cha KANU kilichokuwa chama cha upinzani tangu 2002 wakafaulu kuzuia katiba katika kura ya wananchi wote. Kibaki akajibu kwa kuachisha mawaziri wote pamoja na Raila na kutomwita tena katika serikali mpya. Sasa Raila pamoja na Uhuru wa KANU waliunda harakati mpya ya ODM (Orange Democratic Movement) kwa kusudi la kugombea uchaguzi wa 2007. == Kiongozi wa ODM na uchaguzi 2007 == Hata ODM iliona mafarakano katika maandalizi ya kumteua mgombea wa urais. Kalonzo Musyoka pamoja na wafuasi wake katika [[Ukambani]] walijiondoa Agosti 2007 wakaanzisha ODM-Kenya. Katika mkutano mkuu wa ODM Raila alipata kura nyingi kuwa mgombea wa urais. Wapinzani wake Musalia Mudavadi, [[William Ruto]] na Joseph Nyagah wakaamua kushikama naye wakabaki katika ODM. Mabaki ya KANU chini ya Uhuru Kenyatta wakajiondoa katika upinzani wakahamia upande wa rais Kibaki. Katika [[kura za maoni]] tangu Septemba 2007 Raila alionekana mbele akielekea kuwa na nsu ya maoni yote au hata kidogo zaidi wakati rais Kibaki alifikia kiwango cha takriban 40 % pekee. Uchaguzi wenyewe ulikuwa na matatizo kwa sababu matokeo ya kwanza yalimwonyesha Raila kuwa na kura nyingi lakini Tume la Uchaguzi lilisimamisha matangazo ya matokeo ghafla. Matangazo yaliyofuata baada ya siku mbili ghafla yalimwonyesha Rais Kibaki kuwa na kura nyingi akaapishwa haraka bila kusubiri muda wa kisheria kwa malalamiko. Odinga alitangazwa na [[ODM-Kenya|ODM]] kama mshindi wa kweli na farakano hili lilisababisha ghasia kali sana zilizoendelea kukaribia hali ya vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe. Watu wengi walifukuzwa katika maeneo hasa ya [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa (Kenya)|Bonde la Ufa]] na pia katika mitaa ya vibanda kwenye miji mbalimbali kufuatana na kabila yao. Baada ya vifo ya watu maelfu na kuporomoka kwa uchumi nchini majadiliano kati ya pande zote mbili chini ya [[Kofi Annan]] yalileta maelewano juu ya kuundwa kwa serikali ya umoja wa kitaifa na Kibaki kama rais na Raila kama waziri mkuu. == Kinara wa azimio la Umoja == Raila Odinga <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uhuru to grace Raila's crowning as Azimio flagbearer at KICC » Capital News|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2022/03/uhuru-to-grace-railas-crowning-as-azimio-flagbearer-at-kicc/|work=Capital News|date=2022-03-12|accessdate=2022-03-27|language=en-US|author=Davis Ayega}}</ref> mwaka wa 2022 ameteuliwa kuwania urais mara ya tano kwa tiketi ya [[Azimio la Umoja]]. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} == Viungo ya nje == * [https://twitter.com/RailaOdinga Ukurasa wa Raila Odinga wa Twita] * [http://www.raila2007.com Raila Odinga - official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.raila2007.com/ |date=20070928123414 }} * [http://badejo-on-raila.com. Raila Odinga: An Enigma in Kenyan Politics] {{Wayback|url=http://badejo-on-raila.com./ |date=20160304131644 }} * [http://kenya740.tripod.com/raila.html Raila Odinga political biography]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.parliament.go.ke/MPs/members_odinga_r.php Kenya Parliament profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/MPs/members_odinga_r.php |date=20070927182423 }} * [http://www.601tv.com/ezine/613.php An Audience with Raila - (Video - London Sep 7th 2007)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.601tv.com/ezine/613.php |date=20070929170826 }} *[https://urbankenyans.com/richest-people-in-kenya/ How wealthy is Raila?] * [http://nyachae.tripod.com/a/id4.html Critical views on Raila in 2002]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Odinga, Raila}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kenya]] ibsz4rhafx7skr5v46191w3j0wzgjbi 0 15056 1540708 1530284 2026-05-12T01:27:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Fernseher.jpg|thumb|right|170px|TV ya [[Kijerumani]] ya mwaka wa [[1956]].]] '''Televisheni''' ([[kifupi]]: '''TV''') au '''runinga''' ni chombo ([[kifaa]]) chenye [[skrini]] ([[kioo]]) ambacho kinapokea [[mawasiliano]] kutoka [[kituo cha televisheni]] na kuyabadilisha kuwa [[picha]] na [[sauti]]. [[Neno]] "televisheni" linatokana na maneno mawili: ''tele'' (kutoka [[Kigiriki]]: ''kwa mbali sana'') na ''visio'' (kutoka [[Kilatini]]: ''mwono''; kwa pamoja yanaunda neno la [[Kiingereza]] ''television'' lililotoholewa katika [[Kiswahili]] ''televisheni''. == Historia ya televisheni == [[Picha:Braun HF 1.jpg|thumb|left|150px|TV Braun HF 1 ya [[Kijerumani]] ya mwaka wa [[1959]].]] Kwa kawaida TV inaonekana kama [[sanduku]]. TV za zamani kabisa zilikuwa zina [[kirimba]] au [[fremu]] kubwa ya [[Ubao|mbao]] na zilikuwa zikiwekwa chini kama [[fanicha]]. TV za kisasa ziko za namna nyingi kama zilivyo nyingi zaidi. Kuna baadhi ya TV zinaweza kuenea [[Mkono|mkononi]] mwako zikawa zinaendeshwa kwa kutumia [[betri]]. TV nyingine zinaweza kuenea [[ukuta]] mzima wa [[nyumba]], na inaweza kukaa katika [[sakafu]], au kuna nyingine ambazo zimenyooka (flat) na zinaweza kubandikwa ukutani. Televisheni inaweza kuonyesha picha kutoka sehemu mbalimbali. Cha kwanza unachotakiwa kufanya ni kutumia kidaka mawasiliano au [[antena]] (au aerial), hii itaonyesha yale yote yanayorushwa na kituo cha matangazo ya televisheni. Vituo vya TV vinaweza kuwa mbali kabisa lakini bado matangazo yake yanapatikana kama antena ya kurusha [[mawimbi]] yake iko katika umbali wa [[kilomita]] 50 hadi 150. [[Teknolojia]] mpya zaidi ni kutumia [[vyombo vya angani]] kama antena ya kurusha mawimbi haya [[duniani]]. TV pia inaweza kuonyesha [[filamu]] kutoka [[VCD]] na [[DVD]] au [[VCR]] yaani [[tepu]] za kawaida. Cable TV na Satellite TV zinaweza zikatoa huduma nyingi za vipindi vya TV kwa mara moja na vilevile kuvirusha [[Hewa|hewani]]. [[Michezo]] mingi [[michezo ya video|ya video]] huunganishwa katika TV ili uweze kuona kile unachokicheza. Kuna baadhi ya [[tarakilishi]] au [[kompyuta]] ambazo unaweza kutumia TV kama kioo cha kufanyia [[kazi]] zako (skrini, au kwa jina lingine monita). TV za kisasa ([[TV janja]], kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Smart TV'') zina uwezo wa kutumia intaneti moja kwa moja. TV zote zina skrini ambayo inaonyesha picha. Kabla ya [[miaka ya 1970]] TV zilikuwa hazina [[rangi]] (yaani zilikuwa "black and white" tu), ambazo zilikuwa zinafanya kila kitu kionekane cha rangi ya [[kijivu]]. Lakini kwa sasa karibuni TV zote zinaonyesha na rangi. Kawaida ya viwambo vingi (kioo au vioo) huonyesha kuwa vina [[kona]] ya mzunguko, lakini kwa sasa vioo vingi hutengenzwa kwa kunyooka na zina [[ncha]] pembeni. Kabla ya [[miaka ya 1990]], TV zote zilikuwa zikitengenezwa kwa [[umbo]] moja - zilikuwa kubwa kidogo na kisha zilikuwa ndefu. Kwa mfano, kama kioo kilikuwa cha [[urefu]] wa [[inchi]] 3, basi lazima kitakuwa na [[upana]] wa inchi 4. Au kama kioo kina urefu wa [[cm]] 30, lazima kitakuwa kina upana wa cm 40. Umbo la TV za kisasa linazidi kuwa maarufu na kupata wapenzi wengi zaidi kila siku ziendapo. TV zenye kioo cha upana mkubwa wa [[mstatili]] huonekana vizuri katika runinga kubwa (theatre screen) na pia inapendeza wengi zaidi. Hizi huziita kioo kipana (widescreen). Endapo TV ya kioo kipana ina urefu wa cm 30, basi lazima itakuwa ina upana wa cm 53. Ili ifanye kazi vizuri, uonyeshaji wa TV pia unatakiwa ujengwe kwa namna ya upana yaani 'widescreen'. Kioo kipana kinaweza kubadilishika kwa ukubwa wowote unaoutaka, lakini suala la umbo linabaki kuwa vilevile kama lilivyo (widescreen). == Televisheni Afrika== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Chaneli !Nchi !Lugha !Mwanzo !Tovuti |- | [[Al Jazeera]] || || [[Kiarabu]] || || Live Stream http://oklivetv.com/al-jazeera-documentary-live/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- | [[RTPAFRICA]] || [[Kongo]] || [[Kireno]] || 2016 ||http://www.rtp.pt/play/direto/rtpafrica |- | [[Africa Black Tv]] || [[Eacu]] || [[Kiswahili]], Kiarabu, [[Pijini]], [[Camfrancangle]] (FR), Kireno|| 2017 || [http://int.search.tb.ask.com/search/video.jhtml?n=&pg=video&pn=1&qs=&searchfor=Africa+Black+Tv++&ss=sub&st=site&tpr=sbt&duration=Long&time=Week&orderby=Default]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- | [[VOXAFRICA]] || [[Kamerun]] || Camfrangle || 2018 ||http://www.africawebtv.com/vox-africa/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.africawebtv.com/vox-africa/ |date=20180331041143 }} |- | [[lc2 International]] || [[Nigeria]] || || || |- | [[NTV2]] || [[Benin]] || || || |- | [[BeTV (Burundi)|BeTV]] || [[Burundi]] || [[Kirundi]], [[Kiswahili]], [[Ufaransa]] || 2017 ||http://www.betvburundi.com {{Wayback|url=http://www.betvburundi.com/ |date=20191015101914 }} |- |} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|Television}} * [http://www.thefarnsworthinvention.com The Farnsworth Invention: Fact -v- Fiction ] * [http://www.farnovision.com Farnovision ] * [http://www.civilisations.ca/hist/tv/tv00eng.html The Canadian Museum of Civilization - History of Television] * [http://www.earlytelevision.org Early Television Foundation and Museum] * [http://www.tvhistory.tv/ Television's History — The First 75 Years] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tvhistory.tv/ |date=20130625053929 }} * [http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/index.html Kamusi elezo Televisheni] {{Wayback|url=http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/index.html |date=20131006125708 }} katika the Museum of Broadcast Communications * [http://www.mztv.com MZTV Museum of Television] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mztv.com/ |date=20070513052346 }} Some of the rarest sets in America * [http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/collection/television.cfm A History of Television] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/collection/television.cfm |date=20120314114806 }} at the [[Canada Science and Technology Museum]] * [http://www.tvfool.com/ TV Fool - Coverage maps and info for US broadcast television stations] [[Jamii:Televisheni]] [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Habari]] pade7ha3lqz6pnohuyya7vfq7nd80oj 0 15503 1540774 1531557 2026-05-12T06:16:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Stigmata.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Fransisko wa Asizi akijaliwa [[madonda ya Yesu]] juu ya mlima [[La Verna]].]] '''Wafransisko''' ni [[jina]] la jumla la wafuasi wote wa [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] wanaokadiriwa kuwa [[milioni]] moja hivi [[duniani]] kote. ==Historia== [[Mwanzilishi]] mwenyewe katika [[karne XIII]] alivuta [[umati]] wa waamini wa [[Ukristo]] katika njia ya [[toba]]. [[Wanaume]] wengi walimfuata [[utawa]]ni kama [[Ndugu Wadogo]], [[wanawake]] wengi pia walikusanyika [[monasteri]]ni kama Mabibi Fukara [[Waklara]], wengine tena wa [[jinsia]] zote mbili walishika [[Injili]] katika [[maisha]] ya [[ndoa]], [[mkaapweke|upwekeni]] au kwa kuunda jumuia zisizo na [[nadhiri]]. [[tawi|Matawi]] hayo yakaja kuitwa Utawa wa Kwanza, wa Pili na [[Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko|wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko]]. Mapema zilitokea tofauti za mitazamo kuhusu [[karama]] halisi ya Mt. Fransisko, hivyo matawi yalianza kugawanyika, hasa kwa nia ya [[urekebisho]]. ==Hali ya sasa== Siku hizi kuna [[shirika|mashirika]] ya kitawa [[mia]] [[nne]] hivi yanayofuata mojawapo ya [[kanuni]] zilizokubaliwa na ma[[papa]] kwa matawi hayo. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Wafransisko wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] wana [[Baraza la Familia ya Kifransisko]] ambalo lina uwakilishi katika [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] kama [[Shirika Lisilo la Kiserikali|Asasi isiyo ya kiserikali]] iliyo kuu kuliko zote. Kuna wafuasi wa Mt. Fransisko hata katika [[madhehebu]] mengine, na hasa [[Waanglikana]] ambao wana mashirika ya kitawa ya Kifransisko. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Marejeo == ===Vitabu=== * ''The Poor and the Perfect: The Rise of Learning in the Franciscan Order, 1209–1310'' by Neslihan Senocak. (Cornell University Press; 2012) 280 pages; shows how Franciscans shifted away from an early emphasis on poverty and humility and instead emphasized educational roles *''A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517'' by [[John Moorman|John Richard Humpidge Moorman]], [[St. Bonaventure University|Franciscan Institute]] Publications, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8199-0921-3 *''Origins of the Franciscan Order'' by Cajetan Esser, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1970. ISBN 978-0-8199-0408-9 *''The Leonine Union of the Order of Friars Minor'' by Maurice Carmody, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-084-3 *''Friars Minor in China: 1294 – 1944'', by Arnulf Camps and Pat McCloskey, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1996. ISBN 978-1-57659-002-7 *''In the Name of St. Francis: A History of the Friars Minor and Franciscanism until the Early Sixteenth Century'', by Grado Giovanni Merlo, translated by Robert J. Karris and Raphael Bonanno, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2009. ISBN 978-1-57659-155-0 *''The History of Franciscan Theology'', by Kenan Osborne, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-032-4 *''Friars Minor in Ireland from Their Arrival to 1400'', by Francis Cotter, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-083-6 *''The Franciscan Spirituals and the Capuchin Reform'', by Thaddeus MacVicar, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1986. ISBN 978-1-57659-086-7 *''Medieval Franciscan Houses'', by John R. H. Moorman, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1983. ISBN 978-1-57659-079-9 *''A Poor Man's Legacy: An Anthology of Franciscan Poverty'', by Cyprian Lynch, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1989. ISBN 978-1-57659-069-0 *''The Franciscan Concept of Mission in the High Middle Ages'', by E. Randolph Daniel, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1992. ISBN 0-8131-1315-6 *''Peace and Good in America, A History of the Holy Name Province, Order of the Friars Minor, 1850s to the Present'', by Joseph M. White, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57659-196-3 *''The Birth of a Movement'', by David Flood and Thaddee Matura, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1975. ISBN 978-0-8199-0567-3 *''A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517'' by John R. H. Moorman, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1968) ISBN 0-19-826425-9; reprint: Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago, IL (1988) ISBN 0-8199-0921-1 *''Franciscan Philosophy at Oxford in the Thirteenth Century'' by D.E. Sharp, Oxford University Press, London (1930); (a more recent ed.: ISBN 0-576-99216-X) *''Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition)'' by C.H. Lawrence, ISBN 0-582-40427-4 *''The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis'' by David Burr. ISBN 0-271-02128-4 *''Francis and Clare: The Complete Works'' By Ignatius C. Brady, Regis J. Armstrong, Paulist Press, Mahwah, New Jersey, (1982) ISBN 0-8091-2446-7 *''The Fraternal Economy: A Pastoral Psychology of Franciscan Economics'' By David B. Couturier, Cloverdale Books, South Bend (2007) ISBN 978-1-929569-23-6 *''Francis of Assisi: Early Documents'' 3 Volumes. Edited by Regis J. Armstrong, OFM Cap., J.A. Wayne Hellmann, OFM Conv., and William J. Short, OFM. New York: New City Press. Copyright 1999, Franciscan Institute of Saint Bonaventure University, Saint Bonaventure, NY. ISBN 978-1-56548-110-7. * "The Franciscan Story" by Maurice Carmody, Athena Press Publishing Co. UK (2008). ISBN 1-84748-141-8 ; ISBN 978-1-84748-141-2 * "Santo António de Lisboa - Da Ciência da Escritura ao Livro da Natureza", Maria Cândida Monteiro Pacheco, Imprensa Nacional casa da Moeda,Lisboa, (1997), ISBN 972-27-0855-4 * "O Simbolismo da Natureza em Santo António de Lisboa", José Acácio Aguiar e Castro,Universidade Católica Portugesa- Fundação Engº António de Almeida, Porto, 1997, ISBN UCP 972-9290.13-X /FEAA 972-8386-03-6 ===Makala=== * Schmucki, Oktavian (2000) "Die Regel des Johannes von Matha und die Regel des Franziskus von Assisi. Ähnlichkeiten und Eigenheiten. Neue Beziehungen zum Islam" (pp.&nbsp;219–244) in Cipollone, Giulio (ed.). ''La Liberazione dei 'Captivi' tra Cristianità e Islam: Oltre la Crociata e il Gihâd: Tolleranza e Servizio Umanitario.'' (CollectaneaArchivi Vaticani, 46.) Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican City. * [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263206.2012.653139 , Masha Halevi, Between Faith and Science: Franciscan Archaeology in the Service of the Holy Places, Middle Eastern Studies Volume 48, Issue 2, 2012pages 249-267] == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Franciscans}} ===Tovuti rasmi=== ====Matawi matatu ya Utawa wa Kwanza==== * [http://www.ofm.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum] * [http://www.ofmcap.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ofmcap.org/ |date=20190816054340 }} * [http://www.ofm-conv.org/ Ordo Fratrum Minorum Conventualium] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ofm-conv.org/ |date=20080509065748 }} ====Utawa wa Tatu==== * [http://www.franciscan.org/ Tertius Ordo Regularis] * [http://www.ciofs.org/en.htm Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ciofs.org/en.htm |date=20130723233555 }} * [http://www.franciscancommunityofmercy.org/ Franciscan Community of Mercy]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, independent Franciscan website. * [http://www.franciscan-brothers.net/ Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis of Assisi] ===Wafransisko Walutheri=== * [http://lutheranfranciscans.org/ Order of Lutheran Franciscans] *{{de icon}} [http://www.hochkirchliche-vereinigung.de/evt.html Evangelische Franziskaner-Tertiaren] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hochkirchliche-vereinigung.de/evt.html |date=20070625145621 }} in Germany. *{{sv icon}} [http://www.fto.st/ Franciskus Tredje Orden] in Sweden. * [http://www.marysisters.org.au/international/kanaan/kanaan-brothers.htm The Kanaan Franciscan Brothers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marysisters.org.au/international/kanaan/kanaan-brothers.htm |date=20110706125151 }} *{{sv icon}} [http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/klostren/Francisk.htm Helige Franciskus Systraskap] {{Wayback|url=http://www.svenskakyrkan.se/klostren/Francisk.htm |date=20071214030418 }} *{{sv icon}} [http://www.franciskus.fi/ Franciskus-Sällskapet i Finland] ===Wafransisko Waanglikana=== *[http://www.franciscans.org.uk/ Anglican Franciscans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.franciscans.org.uk/ |date=20110717021315 }} *[http://www.osffranciscans.com Order of Saint Francis (OSF)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.osffranciscans.com/ |date=20210609173449 }} *[http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ The Little Sisters of St. Clare] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stclarelittlesisters.org/ |date=20100902173451 }} *[http://www.holycrossfranciscans.com/ Franciscan Servants of the Holy Cross – Original Province (FSHC)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.holycrossfranciscans.com/ |date=20141220013315 }} *[http://companyofjesus.org/ The Company of Jesus (CJ)] *[http://www.fodc.net// The Franciscan Order of the Divine Compassion] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fodc.net// |date=20141217105120 }} *[http://cfw.dionc.org// The Community of the Franciscan Way] {{Wayback|url=http://cfw.dionc.org// |date=20140915034157 }} ===Wafransisko wasiobaguana kwa msingi wa madhehebu=== *[http://scjesus.co.uk/ Companions of Jesus] {{Wayback|url=http://scjesus.co.uk/ |date=20140516194105 }}, a non-denominational order. *[http://www.franciscans.com/ Order of Ecumenical Franciscans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.franciscans.com/ |date=20230208111212 }}, a non-denominational group. == Marejeo kwa utafiti zaidi == * [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt5199r1g0/ Online guide to the Academy of American Franciscan History Microfilm Collection, 1526–1972], [[The Bancroft Library]] {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Jamii:Wafransisko| ]] [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Kanisa Katoliki]] [[Jamii:Mashirika ya kitawa]] 1ykvl1alrc2g3duvlnb2xetlrdz9vhx 0 17005 1540593 1283572 2026-05-11T19:45:31Z Niegodzisie 35822 /* Albamu */ 1540593 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Yes concert.jpg|thumb|250px|Yes 1977.]] '''Yes''' ni [[bendi]] ya [[muziki]] aina ya [[rock]] kutoka [[Uingereza]] iliyoanzishwa [[mwaka]] [[1968]]. Iliundwa na [[Jon Anderson]] ([[mwimbaji]]), [[Peter Banks]] ([[gitaa]]), [[Chris Squire]] ([[besi]]), [[Tony Kaye]] ([[kinanda]]) na [[Bill Bruford]] ([[ngoma]]). ==Wanachama== * [[Jon Anderson]] (mwimbaji): 1968-1980, 1983-leo * [[Chris Squire]] (besi): 1968-leo * [[Tony Kaye]] (kinanda): 1968-1971, 1983-1994 * [[Bill Bruford]] (ngoma): 1968-1972, 1991 * [[Peter Banks]] (gitaa): 1968-1970 * [[Steve Howe]] (gitaa): 1971-1980, 1991, 1996-leo * [[Rick Wakeman]] (kinanda): 1972-1973, 1977-1980, 1991, 1996-1997, 2001-leo * [[Alan White]] (ngoma): 1973-leo * [[Patrick Moraz]] (kinanda): 1974 * [[Trevor Horn]] (mwimbaji): 1980 * [[Geoff Downes]] (kinanda): 1980 * [[Trevor Rabin]] (gitaa): 1983-1994 * [[Billy Sherwood]] (gitaa, kinanda): 1997-2000 * [[Igor Khoroshev]] (kinanda): 1999 == Albamu== #''[[Yes (album)|Yes]]'' (Julai 1969) ([[Jon Anderson|Anderson]]/[[Chris Squire|Squire]]/[[Tony Kaye|Kaye]]/[[Bill Bruford|Bruford]]/[[Peter Banks|Banks]]) #''[[Time and a Word]]'' (Juni 1970) (Anderson/Squire/Kaye/Bruford/Banks) #''[[The Yes Album]]'' (Machi 1971) (Anderson/Squire/Kaye/Bruford/[[Steve Howe|Howe]]) #''[[Fragile]]'' (Januari 1972)(Anderson/Squire/[[Rick Wakeman|Wakeman]]/Bruford/Howe) #''[[Close to the Edge]]'' (Septemba 1972) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/Bruford/Howe) #''[[Yessongs]]'' (Mei 1973) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/Bruford/[[Alan White|White]]/Howe) #''[[Tales From Topographic Oceans]]'' (Desemba 1973) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/White/Howe) #''[[Relayer]]'' (Novemba 1974) (Anderson/Squire/[[Patrick Moraz|Moraz]]/White/Howe) #''[[Yesterdays]]'' (Februari 1975) #''[[Going for the One]]'' (Julai 1977) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/White/Howe) #''[[Tormato]]'' (Septemba 1978) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/White/Howe) #''[[Yesshows]]'' (Novemba 1980) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/Moraz/White/Howe) #''[[Drama]]'' (Agosti 1980) ([[Trevor Horn|Horn]]/Squire/[[Geoff Downes|Downes]]/White/Howe) #''[[Classic Yes]]'' (Novemba 1981) #''[[90125]]'' (Novemba 1983) (Anderson/Squire/Kaye/White/[[Trevor Rabin|Rabin]]) #''[[9012Live]]'' (Novemba 1985) (Anderson/Squire/Kaye/White/Rabin) #''[[Big Generator]]'' (Septemba 1987) (Anderson/Squire/Kaye/White/Rabin) #''[[Union]]'' (Aprili 1991) (Anderson/Squire/Kaye/Wakeman/Bruford/White/Howe/Rabin) #''[[Yesyears]]'' (Agosti 1991) #''[[Yesstory]]'' (Septemba 1992) #''[[Talk (album)|Talk]]'' (Machi 1994) (Anderson/Squire/Kaye/White/Rabin) #''[[Keys to Ascension]]'' (Oktoba 1996) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/White/Howe) #''[[Keys to Ascension 2]]'' (Novemba 1997) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/White/Howe) #''[[Open Your Eyes]]'' (Novemba 1997) (Anderson/Squire/[[Billy Sherwood|Sherwood]]/White/Howe) #''[[Something's Coming]]'' (1998) (Anderson/Squire/Kay/Bruford/Banks) #''[[The Ladder]]'' (Septemba 1999) (Anderson/Squire/[[Igor Koroshev|Koroshev]]/Sherwood/White/Howe) #''[[The Best of Yes]]'' (2000) (Anderson/Squire/Kay/White/Howe/Rabin/Horn/Banks/Wakeman/Downes/Moraz/Bruford) #''[[House of Yes]]'' (Septemba 2000) (Anderson/Squire/Koroshev/Sherwood/White/Howe) #''[[Keystudio]]'' (2001) (Anderson/Squire/Wakeman/White/Howe) #''[[Magnification]]'' (Septemba 2001) (Anderson/Squire/White/Howe) #''[[In a Word: Yes]]'' (Julai 2002) #''[[Yes Remixes]]'' (Julai 2003) #''[[The Ultimate Yes]]'' (Julai 2003) #''[[The Word is Live]]'' (Agosti 2005) # ''Fly from Here'' (2011) # ''Heaven & Earth'' (2014) # ''The Quest'' (2021) # ''Mirror to the Sky'' (2023) # ''Aurora'' (2026) {{mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Bendi za muziki wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa rock]] m4jlfpehzgt4ryh1lfpjq3v0tag7hp2 0 32674 1540683 1538103 2026-05-12T00:06:45Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Nembo_ya_Jumuiya_ya_Afrika_Mashariki.png|Nembo_ya_Jumuiya_ya_Afrika_Mashariki.png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Explicit|Explicit]] because: Copyright violation; see [[:c:Commons:Licensing|]] ([[:c:COM:CSD#F1|F1]]): N 1540683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kwa|nchi iliyopendekezwa|Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki}} {{Jedwali la Shirika | jina_asili = ''East African Community '' ([[en]])</br>''Communauté d'Afrique de l'Est''([[fr]]) | jina_rasmi = Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki | common_name = Afrika Mashariki | bendera =Bendera ya Afrika ya Mashariki.png | nembo = | ramani = East African Community (orthographic projection).svg | maelezo_ramani = <i>Eneo la Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki</i> | kauli_mbiu = "One People, One Destiny" (Watu Mmoja, Hatima Moja) | wimbo_wa_taifa = "[[Wimbo wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]]" | lugha_rasmi = [[Kiingereza]] | lugha_taifa = [[Kifaransa]], [[Kiswahili]] | mji_mkuu = [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha, Tanzania]] | mji_mkubwa = [[Kinshasa|Kinshasa, Kongo JK]] | serikali = Jumuiya ya Kikanda | cheo_kiongozi1 = Mwenyekiti wa Kikao cha Wakuu wa Nchi | cheo_kiongozi2 = Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Mawaziri | cheo_kiongozi3 = Rais wa Mahakama ya EAC | cheo_kiongozi4 = Spika wa Bunge la Afrika Mashariki | cheo_kiongozi5 = Katibu Mkuu | kiongozi1 = [[William Ruto]] | kiongozi2 = [[Deng Dau Deng]] | kiongozi3 = [[Nestor Kayobera]] | kiongozi4 = [[Joseph Ntakarutimana]] | kiongozi5 = [[Veronica Nduva]] | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Ilianzishwa | tukio2 = Ilisambaratika | tukio3 = Ilifufuliwa | tukio1_tarehe = 1967 | tukio2_tarehe = 1977 | tukio3_tarehe = 7 Julai 2000 | eneo_jumla = 5,449,717 km² | maji = 3.83% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 343,328,958 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | msongamano = 63 | mwaka_pato = 2024 | plt_ppp = {{increase}} $1.334 Trilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $3,892 | plt = {{increase}} $484.65 bilioni | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,438 | maendeleo = 0.515 </br>{{chini}} | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | fedha = Sarafu mbalimbali ([[Shilingi ya Kenya]], [[Shilingi ya Tanzania]], [[Shilingi ya Uganda]], [[Faranga ya Rwanda]], [[Faranga ya Burundi]], [[Pauni ya Sudan Kusini]], [[Faranga ya Kongo]]) | majira_saa = +3 EAT | upande_gari = Kushoto/Kulia (Inategemea Nchi) | tovuti = www.eac.int |tanbihi = }} '''Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki''' (kifupi cha Kiingereza: EAC) ni [[shirika]] la [[siasa|kisiasa]] kati ya nchi nane za kanda ya [[Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika]]: [[Burundi]], [[Kenya]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Rwanda]], [[Somalia]], [[Sudan Kusini]], [[Tanzania]], na [[Uganda]]. Lengo kuu la EAC ni kukuza ushirikiano wa kikanda katika nyanja mbalimbali ikiwemo [[biashara]], forodha, na ushirikiano wa [[siasa|kisiasa]]. Jumuiya hii ilianzishwa awali mwaka 1967, lakini ilisambaratika mwaka 1977 kutokana na tofauti za [[siasa|kisiasa]], kabla ya kufufuliwa rasmi mwaka 2000 kwa kutiwa saini kwa mkataba mpya. Kwa sasa eneo la Mtangamano ni [[Kilomita ya mraba|km2]] 4,810,363, likiwa na wakazi 312,362,653 (kadirio la mwaka [[2022]]), hivi kwamba ingekuwa nchi moja tu ingekuwa ya [[nne]] [[duniani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2024, [[William Ruto]], [[Rais wa Kenya]], ndiye mwenyekiti wake. Tangu kufufuliwa kwake, Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki imeanzisha hatua mbalimbali muhimu za ujumuishaji, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuanzishwa kwa Umoja wa Forodha mwaka 2005, Soko la Pamoja mwaka 2010, na juhudi zinazoendelea kuelekea Muungano wa Fedha na hatimaye Shirikisho la Kisiasa. EAC pia imekuwa ikifanya kazi ya kuoanisha sera katika sekta kama usafiri, afya, elimu, na nishati. Ikiwa na jumla ya watu wanaozidi milioni 300 na msisitizo wa pamoja juu ya maendeleo ya kikanda, EAC ina nafasi inayoongezeka katika masuala ya bara na inachukuliwa kama mfano wa ushirikiano wa kikanda barani Afrika.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |title=– Born in anonymity |publisher=Ms.dk |date= |accessdate=2010-07-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415082915/http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |archivedate=2012-04-15 }}</ref><ref name="csmonitor_1">[http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0309/p04s01-woaf.html?s=hns East African trade zone off to creaky start], ''Christian Science Monitor'', 9 Machi 2006</ref><ref name="Kenya_Celebrated_Collapse">[http://allafrica.com/stories/200705170023.html We Celebrated at EAC Collapse, Says Njonjo].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eac.int/about-eac/quick-facts.html |title=East African Community – Quick Facts |publisher=Eac.int |date= |accessdate=2010-07-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319013530/http://www.eac.int/about-eac/quick-facts.html |archivedate=2009-03-19}}</ref> Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki inaendesha shughuli zake kupitia [[taasisi]] kuu kadhaa zilizoanzishwa na mkataba wake wa kuanzishwa, zikiwemo Mkutano wa Wakuu wa Nchi au Serikali, Baraza la Mawaziri, Bunge la Afrika Mashariki, na Mahakama ya Afrika Mashariki, huku makao makuu yake yakipatikana [[Arusha]], [[Tanzania]]; jumuiya hii hufanya kazi kwa kuzingatia itifaki na sheria zilizokubaliwa ambazo ni lazima kufuatwa na nchi wanachama, hasa katika maeneo kama udhibiti wa [[forodha]], sera za biashara, na uhuru wa watu kusafiri, na [[Kiingereza]] ndiyo [[lugha rasmi]] zinazotumika, ambapo [[Kiswahili]] kimepitishwa mahsusi ili kuimarisha mawasiliano ya kikanda na ushirikiano. == Demografia== === Idadi ya Watu === Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 333.93 ambapo aslimia 31 wanaishi katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] , [[Sudan Kusini]] ndiyo iliyo na watu wachache sana ikiwa na watu takriban milioni 11.48 .Asilimia ya wakazi wanaoishi mijini ni 20 tu, lakini wanaongekeza kwa 4.71% kila mwaka {{Chati ya duara | caption= Nchi za Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki kulingana na Idadi ya watu | label1 = Kongo JK | value1 = 105.83 | color1=#36A | label2 = Tanzania | value2 = 66.62 | color2=#1A9 | label3 = Kenya | value3 = 55.53 | color3=#6A5 | label4 = Uganda | value4 = 48.86 | color4=#CC5 | label5 = Somalia | value5 = 18.36 | color5=#928 | label6 = Rwanda | value6 = 13.95 | color6=#E33 | label8 = Burundi | value7 = 13.69 | color7=#E72 | label8 = Sudan Kusini | value8 = 11.48 | color8=#E79 }} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ '''Idadi ya Watu katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki''' ! Pangilio !! Nchi !! Idadi ya Watu (milioni) !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|25px]] [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo, JK]] || 105.83 || 31.69 |- | 2 || [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|25px]] [[Tanzania]] || 66.62 || 19.95 |- | 3 || [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kenya]] || 55.34 || 16.57 |- | 4 || [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]] || 48.66 || 14.57 |- | 5 || [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Somalia]] || 18.36 || 5.50 |- | 6 || [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]] || 13.95 || 4.18 |- | 7 || [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|25px]] [[Burundi]] || 13.69 || 4.10 |- | 8 || [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan Kusini]] || 11.48 || 3.44 |} === Dini === [[Ukristo]] ndiyo dini kubwa katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ikiwa na wafuasi milioni 261.86 na asilimia 79% ya watu wa EAC, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo,JK]] ndio iliyo na wafuasi wengi takriban milioni 100 au asilimia 95.4 . [[Uislamu]] ina wafuasi takriban milioni 56.69 ambayo ni asilimia 16.98 ya watu wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ikiongozwa na [[Somalia]] ambapo 99 ni waislamu. [[Dini za jadi]] ni asilimia 2.4% haswaa [[Sudan Kusini]] ambapo asilimia 35 ni wafuasi wa [[dini za jadi]], [[Wasio na dini]] ni asilimia 1.75% {{Chati ya duara | caption=Mgawanyo wa Dini katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki | label1 = Ukristo | value1 = 261.86 | color1=#36A | label2 = Uislamu | value2 = 56.69 | color2=#1A9 | label3 = Dini za Jadi | value3 = 8.00 | color3=#6A5 | label4 = Wasio na Dini | value4 = 5.83 | color4=#CC5 | label5 = Zingine | value5 = 1.53 | color5=#E33 }} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ '''Dini katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki''' ! Pangilio !! Nchi !! Ukristo (%) !! Uislamu (%) !! Dini za Jadi (%) !! Wasio na Dini (%) |- | 1 || [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|25px]] [[Burundi]] || 85.9 || 4.3 || 2.1 || 6.2 |- | 2 || [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kenya]] || 85.5 || 10.9 || 0.7 || 1.5 |- | 3 || [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|25px]] [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo, JK]] || 95.4 || 1.5 || 2.6 || 2.5 |- | 4 || [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]] || 93.8 || 2.2 || – || 3.0 |- | 5 || [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Somalia]] || – || 99.8 || – || – |- | 6 || [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan Kusini]] || 60.5 || 6.2 || 32.9 || – |- | 7 || [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|25px]] [[Tanzania]] || 63.1 || 34.1 || 1.2 || 1.5 |- | 8 || [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]] || 81.7 || 13.2 || – || 0.2 |} === Lugha === [[Kiswahili]], [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]] ndizo Lugha rasmi za Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. [[Kiswahili]] hutumika kama Lingua Franca katika nchi hizi huku [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]] zikitumika kama lugha za kufundishia shuleni. Lugha za Jumuiya ya Afrika mashariki zimegawanyika katika kundi tatu ambazo ni Lugha za [[Kibantu]] ambayo ndiyo kundi kubwa ya Lugha katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki, Lugha za Kinilotiki na Lugha za Kikushi. === Mijini na Vijijini=== Asilimia ya watu walioishi mijini katika Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ni 35% na walioishi Vijijini asilimia 64%. [[Somalia]] na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ndizo nchi zilizokuwa na asilimia kubwa ya wakazi wa mijini zikiwa na asilimia 46% na 45% mtawaliwa. [[Burundi]] na [[Sudan Kusini]] ndizo nchi zilizokuwa na wakazi wa mjini wachache sana zikiwa na asilimia 13% na 17% ya wakazi wanaoishi mijini huku asilimia 86% na 82% mtawaliwa wakiishi vijijini. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Rank !! Nchi !! Mijini (%) !! Vijijini (%) !! Wakazi (Mijini) (milioni) |- | – || '''Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki''' || 35.13 || 64.87 || 117.30 |- | 1 || [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Somalia]] || 46.73 || 53.27 || 8.58 |- | 2 || [[File:Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|25px]] [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo, JK]] || 45.64 || 54.36 || 48.30 |- | 3 || [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|25px]] [[Tanzania]] || 37.41 || 62.59 || 24.92 |- | 4 || [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kenya]] || 28.49 || 71.51 || 15.77 |- | 5 || [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]] || 26.77 || 73.23 || 13.03 |- | 6 || [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan Kusini]] || 20.85 || 79.15 || 2.39 |- | 7 || [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]] || 17.72 || 82.28 || 2.47 |- | 8 || [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|25px]] [[Burundi]] || 13.40 || 86.60 || 1.83 |} == Muhtasari== Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (EAC), yenye makao yake makuu Arusha, Tanzania,kazi yake kuu ni kuendeleza muungano wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], [[siasa|kisiasa]], na [[jamii|kijamii]] katika ukanda huu. Mwenyekiti wa sasa wa EAC ni [[William Ruto]], [[Rais wa Kenya]], anayeongoza Mkutano wa Wakuu wa Nchi, ambao ndio chombo cha juu zaidi cha maamuzi katika jumuiya hii. Kwa miaka iliyopita, EAC imepiga hatua muhimu ikiwemo kuanzishwa kwa Umoja wa Forodha, Soko la Pamoja, na mikataba ya kuunda Umoja wa Fedha. Pia imeongeza uanachama wake, ikiwemo kuipokea [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ,[[Somalia]] na [[Sudan Kusini]]. Miradi mikubwa ya miundombinu ya kikanda, programu za kurahisisha biashara, na ushirikiano katika sekta za afya na usalama ni miongoni mwa mafanikio yanayoonyesha ushawishi unaokua wa jumuiya hii katika kuendesha mipango ya maendeleo ya [[Afrika Mashariki]]. == Historia == === Jumuiya ya kwanza === Nchi tatu za Afrika ya Mashariki zilizokuwa chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Uingereza]] zilianza [[uhuru]] wao kwa kuendeleza [[ushirikiano]] wa karibu uliorithiwa kutokana na [[utawala]] wa pamoja wakati wa [[ukoloni]]. Baada ya kupata [[uhuru]] mwaka [[1961]] nchi hizo ziliunda [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Pamoja za Afrika ya Mashariki]] (kwa Kiingereza East African Common Services Organisation – kifupi EACSO). Ushirikiano ulihusu [[fedha]] (East African Shilling), [[forodha]] (Customs Union), huduma za [[reli]] (East African Railway), [[ndege]] (East African Airways), ma[[bandari]], [[posta]] na [[simu]] na [[elimu ya juu]] ([[Chuo Kikuu cha Afrika ya Mashariki]] chenye [[kampasi]] [[Makerere]], [[Dar es Salaam]] na [[Nairobi]]). [[Mkataba]] ulilenga pia [[mahakama kuu]] ya pamoja na [[sera]] ya ki[[uchumi]] ya [[soko la pamoja]]. Haya yote yalitakiwa kuwa chini ya [[Bunge la Afrika Mashariki]]. Tangu [[1965]] umoja huo ulianza kurudi nyuma kila nchi ilipoanzisha [[pesa]] yake. Mwaka [[1967]] nchi tatu zilijaribu upya kuimarisha umoja wao kwa [[Mkataba wa Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki]] wakiita umoja wao "Jumuiya ya Afrika ya Mashariki" ikiwa na [[makao makuu]] [[Arusha]], Tanzania. Lakini mielekeo ya nchi zote tatu zilitofautiana mno: Kenya iliendelea kwa njia ya [[upebari]] lakini Tanzania ilijaribu kujenga [[Ujamaa]] ([[usoshalisti]]) kuanzia mwaka 1967. Uganda uliingia katika kipindi cha [[udikteta]] kali ya [[Idi Amini]] aliyeharibu [[uhusiano]] na ma[[jirani]] alipoanza kudai sehemu za maeneo yao. Sababu nyingine ni ma[[dai]] ya Kenya ya kuwa na viti zaidi kuliko Uganda na Tanzania katika [[kamati]] za maamuzi,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |title=ms.dk - Born in anonymity |accessdate=2009-12-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415082915/http://www.ms.dk/sw22171.asp |archivedate=2012-04-15 }}</ref> huku kukiwa na kutokuelewana kulikosababishwa na udikteta wa [[Idi Amin]] nchini Uganda, Usoshalisti huko Tanzania, na [[soko huria]] nchini Kenya,<ref name="csmonitor_1"/> hivyo wanachama hawa watatu wakapoteza ushirikiano wa miaka zaidi ya sitini na [[manufaa]] ya [[ukubwa]] wa jumuiya hii kiuchumi. Kila mmoja wa wanachama hawa ilimbidi kuanza kutoa [[huduma]] na kujenga viwanda ambavyo hapo awali vilikuwa chini ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Hivyo mwaka [[1977]] Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ilikoma kufanya kazi yoyote na [[1983]] ilifutwa rasmi. [[Mali]] iliyobaki iligawanywa kati ya nchi zote tatu. === Kufufuka kwa Jumuiya ya Afrika ya Mashariki tangu 1993 === Tangu [[miaka ya 1990]] majaribio ya kujenga umoja mpya yalionekana tena. Marais [[Daniel arap Moi]] wa Kenya, [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] wa Tanzania, na [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] wa Uganda walipatana katika [[Mkataba wa Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki]] huko [[Arusha]], tarehe [[30 Novemba]] [[1993]], na kuanzisha Tume ya Ushirikiano ya nchi hizi tatu. Shughuli ya kuzileta pamoja nchi hizi kisiasa, kiuchumi, ki[[jamii]] na ki[[utamaduni]], [[utafiti]] na [[teknolojia]], [[ulinzi]], [[usalama]], ma[[suala]] ya ki[[sheria]] na ki[[mahakama]] ilianza. Mkataba wa kufufua jumuiya ulitiwa sahihi tarehe 30 Novemba 1999 ukaanza kuwa rasmi tarehe [[7 Julai]] 2000. Vyombo vya Jumuiya mpya ya Afrika ya Mashariki vilianza kufanya kazi mnamo Januari [[2001]] penye makao makuu ya jumuiya hii huko [[Arusha]]. Mkataba [[2004]] uliweka [[msingi]] wa [[Umoja wa Forodha]] ulioanzishwa [[2005]]. Kuna tena [[Bunge la Afrika ya Mashariki]] linalojumuisha wabunge waliochaguliwa na ma[[bunge]] ya nchi wanachama. Pia [[Mahakama Kuu ya Afrika ya Mashariki]] imeundwa upya. Mwaka [[2008]], baada ya majadiliano na [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] (Southern Africa Development Community, kifupi SADC) na [[Soko la Pamoja la Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika]] (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, kifupi COMESA), Mtangamano huo ulikubali nchi zote za miundo hiyo mitatu ziunde eneo pana la [[biashara huria]]. Kwa sasa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ni mojawapo ya nguzo muhimu za hiyo [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Afrika]] (African Economic Community, kifupi AEC). Mwaka [[2010]], Mtangamano ulitangaza [[soko la pamoja]] kwa [[bidhaa]], [[kazi]] na mitaji kati ya nchi hizo tano, kwa lengo la kuanzisha [[pesa ya pamoja]] na hatimaye [[Shirikisho]] kamili.<ref name="reuters">{{cite news|title=FACTBOX-East African common market begins|url=http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true|accessdate=1 July 2010|newspaper=Reuters|date=1 July 2010|archivedate=2012-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170653/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true}}</ref> Kuna majadiliano ya kuanzisha [[shilingi]] mpya ya pamoja kwa nchi za Jumuia ya Afrika ya Mashariki. Kwanza ilitarajiwa kuanzishwa mwaka [[2012]], halafu mwaka [[2015]], sasa mwaka [[2024]]. Mwaka [[2013]] ulisainiwa [[mkataba]] wa kuamua kuanzisha hiyo [[pesa]] ndani ya miaka 10.<ref name=MU>{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/30/us-africa-monetaryunion-idUSBRE9AT08O20131130?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews | work=Reuters | title=East African trade bloc approves monetary union deal | date=30 November 2013 | accessdate=2015-01-23 | archivedate=2015-09-24 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924191315/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/30/us-africa-monetaryunion-idUSBRE9AT08O20131130?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews }}</ref> == Uchumi == [[Uchumi]] wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki unawakilisha mojawapo ya kanda zenye ukuaji wa haraka zaidi katika [[Kusini kwa Sahara|Afrika Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara]], ukichochewa na uimarishaji wa ushirikiano wa kikanda, uongezeko wa [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki#Idadi ya watu|idadi ya watu]], na uwekezaji wa kimkakati katika [[miundombinu]]. Jumla ya [[Pato la taifa|Pato la Taifa]] la Jumuiya, ilifikia takriban dola za Marekani bilioni 441.43 kufikia mwaka 2022, huku [[Pato la taifa kwa usawa wa nguvu ya ununuzi]] likifikia dola Trilioni 1.274. <ref name="IMF_EAC_Database">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/BDI/KEN/COD/RWA/SOM/SSD/UGA/TZA?year=2026 |title=GDP IN EAST AFRICA COMMUNITY |website=IMF.org |publisher=International Monetary Fund |date=April 2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Kanda ilirekodi wastani wa ukuaji wa asilimia 5.5 mwaka 2024 <ref name="ALM_Growth">{{cite web |url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/east-african-community-reports-impressive-5-4-economic-growth-in-2024/ |author=Ingrid Peters |title=East Africa Reports Impressive 5.4% economic growth in 2024 |website=African Leadership Magazine |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref>, ukipita wastani wa kimataifa wa asilimia 3.3 na wastani wa [[Kusini kwa Sahara]] wa asilimia 4.0, huku makadirio ya 2025 yakionyesha kuongeza kasi hadi asilimia 5.8. <ref name="AfDB_Outlook">{{cite web |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/east-africa-economic-outlook |title=East Africa Economic Outlook |website=afdb.org |publisher=African Development Bank |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi zenye ukuaji wa juu zaidi ni pamoja na [[Rwanda]] ikiwa na asilimia 7.0, [[Tanzania]] asilimia 6.1, [[Burundi]] asilimia 6.0, na [[Uganda]] asilimia 5.9, huku [[Somalia]] ikitarajiwa kukua kwa wastani wa asilimia 3.5 hadi 4.0 kutokana na mageuzi ya kiuchumi yanayoendelea na usaidizi wa kimataifa. <ref name="IMF_Somalia">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/SOM |title=Somalia and the IMF |website=IMF.org |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Ingawa kanda inakabiliwa na changamoto endelevu zikiwemo viwango tofauti vya [[mfumuko wa bei]] na udhaifu wa [[fedha|kifedha]], jumla ya biashara ya nje ilifikia dola za Marekani bilioni 130 mwaka 2024, huku sekta za [[huduma]] na [[teknolojia]] zikiendelea na mageuzi yake ya haraka. <ref name="EAC_Trade_2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.eac.int/documents/category/trade-reports |title=EAC Trade Report |website=eac.int |publisher=East African Community |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> === Sekta === ====Kilimo==== [[File:Rwanda - dense agriculture.jpg|thumb|Kilimo nchini Rwanda]] [[Kilimo]] kinajumuisha sekta ya msingi ya [[uchumi]] wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki, kikichangia takriban asilimia 30 ya [[Pato la taifa|Pato la Taifa]] la kanda na kuajiri inakadiriwa asilimia 60 ya wakazi. <ref name="Britannica_EAC">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-African-Community |title=East African Community (EAC) |website=Britannica |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Sekta hii ina sifa ya ukulima mdogo wa mazao muhimu ya [[Mahuruji|kuuza nje]], yakiwemo [[kahawa]], chai, maua bustani, mazao ya kilimo cha bustani, na viungo. Nchini [[Somalia]], [[Kilimo#Ufugaji|ufugaji]] wa mifugo unachangia takriban asilimia 40 ya Pato la Taifa na asilimia 50 ya mapato ya mauzo ya nje, huku wanyama hai wakisafirishwa hasa kuelekea masoko ya [[Ghuba ya Uajemi]]. <ref name="WB_Somalia_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/somalia/overview |title=Somalia Economic Update |website=worldbank.org |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Kanda kwa ujumla ina nafasi muhimu kimataifa katika uzalishaji na usafirishaji wa mazao haya ya biashara, ingawa ongezeko la thamani ndani ya Jumuiya bado ni finyu ikilinganishwa na uwezo uliopo. Licha ya umuhimu wake, sekta ya [[kilimo]] inaonyesha pengo endelevu la uwekezaji. Matumizi ya umma katika [[kilimo]] katika nchi kadhaa wanachama yanasalia chini ya lengo la asilimia 10 lililowekwa na ''Azimio la Malabo'' na ''Azimio la Kampala'' la Mpango Kamilifu wa Maendeleo ya [[Kilimo]] Afrika la mwaka 2025. <ref name="FAO_Malabo_Progress">{{cite web |url=https://www.fao.org/3/cc1053en/cc1053en.pdf |title=Tracking progress on the Malabo Declaration |website=fao.org |date=2023 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Mgao wa sasa katika nchi kubwa kama vile [[Kenya]] unakadiriwa kuwa asilimia tatu ya bajeti ya taifa, kiwango kinachozuia uboreshaji wa tija na maendeleo ya [[miundombinu]] ya vijijini. <ref name="Kenya_Agri_Budget">{{cite web |url=https://www.treasury.go.ke/budget-statements/ |title=National Budget Statements |website=treasury.go.ke |publisher=The National Treasury of Kenya |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Kutimiza malengo yaliyowekwa ya uwekezaji kunaweza kuongeza tija ya kilimo kwa wastani wa asilimia 45 na kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa upotevu wa mazao baada ya kuvuna. Sekretarieti ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki imeweka kipaumbele katika uboreshaji wa kisasa wa [[kilimo]] kuelekea mifumo inayostahimili mabadiliko ya [[hali ya hewa]] na inayoongozwa na thamani. Mipango inayoendelea inalenga kuboresha [[miundombinu]] ya vijijini, kupanua upatikanaji wa [[teknolojia]] na utafiti wa kilimo, kuimarisha ujumuishwaji wa kifedha kwa wakulima wadogo, na kukuza mbinu endelevu za usimamizi wa ardhi. <ref name="EAC_Agri_Strategy">{{cite web |url=https://www.eac.int/agriculture |title=Agriculture and Food Security in the EAC |website=eac.int |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Sekta hii inakabiliwa na shinikizo linaloongezeka kutokana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, yakiwemo ukame wa mara kwa mara na mafuriko, hali inayohitaji hatua za haraka za kukabiliana. Katika [[Pembe ya Afrika]], [[ukame]] wa mara kwa mara umeathiri vibaya ufugaji wa mifugo nchini [[Somalia]], na kusababisha juhudi za kikanda za kujenga uthabiti kupitia mipango ya bima ya mifugo na uboreshaji wa malisho. <ref name="WB_Somalia_Econ"/> ====Viwanda na Uzalishaji==== [[Sekta ya viwanda]] ndani ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki iko katika awamu ya maendeleo, huku uzalishaji ukichangia sehemu ndogo lakini inayoongezeka ya [[Pato la Taifa]] katika nchi nyingi wanachama. Shughuli za [[Kiwanda|kiviwanda]] zimejikita zaidi katika usindikaji wa mazao ya [[kilimo]], vifaa vya ujenzi, uzalishaji mdogo wa bidhaa, na uchimbaji wa rasilimali za [[madini]]. <ref name="EAC_Industrialization">{{cite web |url=https://www.eac.int/industrialization |title=Industrialization Strategy |website=eac.int |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Mkakati wa maendeleo ya kitaifa wa [[Tanzania]] unatoa kipaumbele kwa uzalishaji kama kichocheo cha mageuzi ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]], huku [[Uganda]] ikitarajia mabadiliko ya kimuundo kwa kuanza kwa uzalishaji wa mafuta ghafi katika mwaka wa fedha wa 2025/2026, maendeleo yanayotarajiwa kuinua kwa kiasi kikubwa ukuaji wa [[Pato la taifa]]. <ref name="Coface_Uganda">{{cite web |url=https://www.coface.com/news-economy-and-insights/economic-publications/uganda-country-report |title=Uganda Economic Analysis |website=Coface |date=2025 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Bidhaa za [[madini]] zinajumuisha sehemu muhimu ya mfuko wa [[mauzo ya nje]] wa kanda. [[Mahuruji|Mauzo ya nje]] yamejikita katika [[shaba]], madini ya thamani na mawe, na mafuta ya madini. Sekta inayoibuka ya mafuta nchini [[Uganda]] inaungwa mkono na uwekezaji wa kipaumbele katika [[miundombinu]], ikiwemo ujenzi wa bomba la mafuta kwa ajili ya usafirishaji wa mafuta ghafi. <ref name="PAU_Oil">{{cite web |url=https://www.pau.go.ug/ |title=Petroleum Authority of Uganda |website=pau.go.ug |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Kujiunga kwa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] kwenye Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki kumepanua kwa kiasi kikubwa utajiri wa madini wa kanda hiyo, hasa katika madini ya [[kobalti]], [[shaba]], na koltan. <ref name="Britannica_DRC_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Democratic-Republic-of-the-Congo/Economy |title=DRC Economy |website=Britannica |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Nchini [[Somalia]], sekta ya viwanda bado ni changa, ikijikita katika usindikaji wa mazao ya wanyama kama vile ngozi na mifugo, pamoja na uzalishaji mdogo wa bidhaa za matumizi ya ndani na uvuvi wa kibiashara katika ukanda wake mrefu wa pwani. <ref name="WB_Somalia_Econ"/> ====Utalii==== [[File:Nungwi, Zanzibar (51554771606).jpg|thumb|Nungwi, Zanzibar]] [[Utalii]] unachangia chanzo muhimu cha fedha za kigeni na ajira kwa nchi several wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki, hasa [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]] ikijumuisha [[funguvisiwa la Zanzibar]] lenye kujitawala, [[Rwanda]], na [[Uganda]]. <ref name="UNWTO_Dashboard">{{cite web |url=https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/unwto-tourism-dashboard |title=Global Tourism Data Dashboard |website=unwto.org |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Sekta hii imeonyesha ahueni thabiti baada ya janga la ugonjwa, ikichochewa na rasilimali za kipekee za [[wanyamapori]] za kanda, vivutio vya pwani, na urithi wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]]. [[Somalia]] ina uwezo mkubwa wa kitalii ambao bado haujatumika kikamilifu, ikiwemo fuo zake refu zaidi barani Afrika, visiwa visivyo na watu, na maeneo ya kihistoria ya miji ya kale ya pwani, ingawa ukosefu wa usalama na miundombinu duni vimezuia maendeleo makubwa ya sekta hii. Zanzibar ni mfano wa mwelekeo wa ukuaji wa sekta hii. Mwaka 2025, watalii wa kimataifa waliowasili walikaribia milioni moja, wakionyesha ongezeko la asilimia 7.1 ikilinganishwa na mwaka uliopita, huku mapato ya [[utalii]] yakizidi dola za Marekani bilioni 1.1, zote zikiwa rekodi za juu. <ref name="DailyNews_ZNZ">{{cite web |url=https://dailynews.co.tz/zanzibar-tourism-hits-new-record/ |title=Zanzibar Tourism Hits New Record |website=Daily News Tanzania |date=January 15, 2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Mamlaka ya Kukuza Uwekezaji Zanzibar imesajili zaidi ya miradi 1,300 ya uwekezaji yenye thamani ya jumla ya dola za Marekani bilioni 14.3, huku utalii ukichangia zaidi ya asilimia 50 ya mfumo huu wa uwekezaji. <ref name="ZIPA_Investment">{{cite web |url=https://zipa.go.tz/ |title=Zanzibar Investment Promotion Authority |website=zipa.go.tz |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Eneo hili linapitia mabadiliko ya kimkakati kutoka kwa mfumo wa jadi wa utalii wa pwani kuelekea mseto unaojumuisha Mikutano, Vivutio, Makongamano, na Maonyesho, usafiri wa ustawi, utalii wa upishi, na mipango ya wahamaji wa kidijitali. Utalii wa kikanda uko tayari kwa upanuzi zaidi kwa kuandaa mashindano yajayo ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika, ambapo Nchi Wanachama zinaandaa uboreshaji wa miundombinu ikijumuisha upanuzi vya vituo vya ndege na kuboresha mitandao ya barabara. <ref name="EAC_AFCON">{{cite web |url=https://www.eac.int/press-releases/eac-to-leverage-afcon-2027 |title=EAC to leverage AFCON 2027 |website=eac.int |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Bajeti za kitaifa katika Jumuiya nzima zinatilia mkazo kipaumbele utalii pamoja na sekta nyingine za ukuaji. ==== Biashara ya Kimataifa==== Mnamo 2023, jumla ya [[biashara]] ya kimataifa ya nchi wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (EAC) ilifikia dola bilioni 130.4. <ref name="EAC_Trade_Report_2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.eac.int/documents/category/trade-reports |title=EAC Trade Report 2023 |website=eac.int |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> Mchango mkubwa zaidi ulitoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (JKK), ambayo ilichangia asilimia 25.8 ya jumla hiyo, ikifuatiwa na [[Kenya]] (24.7%) na [[Tanzania]] (24.6%). Kwa upande mwingine, nchi zilizo na mchango mdogo zaidi zilikuwa [[Sudan Kusini]] (1.8%) na [[Burundi]] (0.7%). Kwa Mahuruji (mauzo ya nje) [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] iliongoza zaidi ikichangia asilimia 40% ya mauzo ya nje ya Jumuiya hii, Huku [[Kenya]] ikiongoza kwa [[Maduhuli]] ikichangia asilimia 30% ya Maduhuli ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Kati ya nchi zote, Kongo,JK ilikuwa na mizani chanya ya biashara (balance of trade) ya dola bilioni 7.8, ikiwa ya juu zaidi katika kanda, huku [[Kenya]] (-16.24), [[Tanzania]] (-9.90), na Somalia (-4.22) zikiripoti nakisi kubwa zaidi ya [[biashara]], ishara ya uagizaji mkubwa wa bidhaa kuliko mauzo ya nje. <ref name="EAC_Trade_Report_2023"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Rank !! Nchi !! Jumla !! [[Mahuruji]] !! [[Maduhuli]] !! Mizani ya Biashara |- | 1 || [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|25px]] [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Congo, JK]] || 33.60 || 20.70 || 12.90 || 7.80 |- | 2 || [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kenya]] || 32.16 || 7.96 || 24.20 || -16.24 |- | 3 || [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|25px]] [[Tanzania]] || 32.10 || 11.10 || 21.00 || -9.90 |- | 4 || [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]] || 19.69 || 8.39 || 11.30 || -2.91 |- | 5 || [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Somalia]] || 6.11 || 0.95 || 5.16 || -4.22 |- | 6 || [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]] || 3.55 || 1.35 || 2.20 || -0.85 |- | 7 || [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan Kusini]] || 2.32 || 0.70 || 1.62 || -0.92 |- | 8 || [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|25px]] [[Burundi]] || 0.87 || 0.20 || 0.68 || -0.48 |- ! colspan="2" | [[File:Bendera ya Afrika ya Mashariki.png|25px]] EAC Jumla ! 130.40 !! 51.35 !! 79.06 !! -27.71 |} === Pato la taifa=== Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ina [[uchumi]] [[Nchi inayoendelea|unaoendelea]] ikiwa na [[Pato la taifa]] jumla dola bilioni 441.43 za [[Marekani]] kwa Kawaida na trilion 1.274 kwa [[Usawa wa nguvu ya ununuzi]] (PPP) hata hivyo ni uchumi [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kwa Pato la Taifa|wa pili]] kwa ukubwa barani [[Afrika]] baada ya [[Afrika Kusini]]. <ref name="IMF_April_2026_EAC">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2026/April/ |title=World Economic Outlook Database: April 2026 |website=IMF.org |date=April 14, 2026 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> [[Kenya]] ndiyo iliyo na uchumi mkubwa zaidi katika jumuiya hii, ikichangia asilimia 31.91% ya jumla, [[Tanzania]], [[JKK|Kongo, JK]] zilichangia asilimia 21.6% na 19.9% mtawaliwa. <ref name="AfDB_East_Africa_Outlook">{{cite web |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/documents/east-africa-economic-outlook-2024 |title=East Africa Economic Outlook 2024 |website=afdb.org |date=2024 |access-date=May 8, 2026 }} </ref> [[Sudan]] kusini na [[Burundi]] ndizo zilizokuwa na uchumi mdogo zaidi. Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki ni ya kipato cha chini ikiwa na pato la taifa kwa kila mtu dola 1,274 . [[Sudan Kusini]] ndiyo nchi maskini zaidi ikiwa na [[pato la taifa kwa kila mtu]] dola 369 za [[Marekani]], [[Kenya]] ndiyo nchi iliyo na [[pato la taifa kwa kila mtu]] dola kubwa zaidi ya dola 2,596 za Marekani. <ref name="IMF_April_2026_EAC"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Pato la taifa la Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (2026) ! Orodha !! Nchi !! PLT (Kawaida) 'bilioni USD !! PLT (PPP) 'bilioni USD !! Kwa kila mtu (Kawaida) !! Kwa kila mtu (PPP) !! Asilimia ya EAC |- | – || [[File:Bendera ya Afrika ya Mashariki.png|35px]] '''[[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]''' || '''484.65''' || '''1,334.52''' || '''$1,413''' || '''$3,892''' || 100.0% |- | 1 || [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kenya]] || 147.26 || 435.23 || $2,713 || $8,020 || 30.38% |- | 2 || [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|25px]] [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo, JK]] || 123.41 || 235.94 || $1,122 || $2,145 || 25.46% |- | 3 || [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|25px]] [[Tanzania]] || 94.89 || 320.88 || $1,362 || $4,607 || 19.58% |- | 4 || [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]] || 73.37 || 208.38 || $1,476 || $4,192 || 15.14% |- | 5 || [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]] || 17.34 || 65.46 || $1,198 || $4,524 || 3.58% |- | 6 || [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Somalia]] || 14.17 || 34.11 || $812 || $1,956 || 2.92% |- | 7 || [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|25px]] [[Burundi]] || 8.14 || 15.36 || $546 || $1,031 || 1.68% |- | 8 || [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan Kusini]] || 6.07 || 19.16 || $488 || $1,540 || 1.25% |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Pato la taifa la Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (2026) ! Orodha !! Nchi !! PLT (Kawaida) 'bilioni USD !! PLT (PPP) 'bilioni USD !! Kwa kila mtu (Kawaida) !! Kwa kila mtu (PPP) !! Asilimia ya EAC |- | – || [[File:Bendera ya Afrika ya Mashariki.png|35px]] '''[[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]''' || '''484.65''' || '''1,334.52''' || '''$1,413''' || '''$3,892''' || 100.0% |- | 1 || [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|25px]] [[Kenya]] || 147.26 || 435.23 || $2,713 || $8,020 || 30.38% |- | 2 || [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|25px]] [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo, JK]] || 123.41 || 235.94 || $1,122 || $2,145 || 25.46% |- | 3 || [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|25px]] [[Tanzania]] || 94.89 || 320.88 || $1,362 || $4,607 || 19.58% |- | 4 || [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]] || 73.37 || 208.38 || $1,476 || $4,192 || 15.14% |- | 5 || [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|25px]] [[Rwanda]] || 17.34 || 65.46 || $1,198 || $4,524 || 3.58% |- | 6 || [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|25px]] [[Somalia]] || 14.17 || 34.11 || $812 || $1,956 || 2.92% |- | 7 || [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|25px]] [[Burundi]] || 8.14 || 15.36 || $546 || $1,031 || 1.68% |- | 8 || [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|25px]] [[Sudan Kusini]] || 6.07 || 19.16 || $488 || $1,540 || 1.25% |} == Nchi Wanachama == [[File:EAC presidents in November 2006.jpg|thumb|Kutoka [[kushoto]]: Rais [[Yoweri Museveni]] wa [[Uganda]], Rais [[Mwai Kibaki]] wa [[Kenya]] na Rais [[Jakaya Kikwete]] wa [[Tanzania]] wakati wa mkutano wao [[Arusha]], mnamo Novemba [[2006]].]] [[File:Kagame at EAC summit.jpg|thumb|left|Rais wa Rwanda Paul Kagame katika mkutano wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki mwaka wa 2006. Rwanda ilijiunga na Jumuiya ya Afrika mashariki tarehe 1 Julai 2007]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |- ! Nchi !! Mji mkuu !! Kujiunga !! Wakazi !! Eneo (km²) ! GDP<br />(US${{nbsp}}bn)&#8203;<ref name=imf_data>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=58&pr1.y=17&c=618,714,733,738,746,664&s=NGDP,NGDPD,NGDPDPC,LP&grp=0&a= |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |website=www.imf.org}}</ref> ! GDP<br />kwa mtu<br />(US$)<ref name=imf_data /> ! GDP PPP<br />(US${{nbsp}}bn)<ref name="IMF_PPP_data">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2014&ey=2017&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=64&pr1.y=11&c=618,714,733,738,746,664&s=PPPGDP,PPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |website=www.imf.org}}</ref> ! GDP PPP<br />kwa mtu<br />(US$)<ref name="IMF_PPP_data"/> |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Burundi}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Gitega]] | style="text-align:center"| 2007 | {{Nts|12722976}} || {{Nts|27834}} | 3.4 || {{Nts|272.4}} | 10.8 || {{Nts|855.6}} |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Kinshasa]] | style="text-align:center"| 2022 | {{Nts|95944984}} || {{Nts|2344858}} | 51.2 || {{Nts|669.4}} | 127.4 || {{Nts|1315.9}} |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Kenya}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Nairobi]] | style="text-align:center"| 2000 | {{Nts|56553921}} || {{Nts|580367}} | 114.7 || {{Nts|2252}} | 308.7 || {{Nts|6061.4}} |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Rwanda}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Kigali]] | style="text-align:center"| 2007 | {{Nts|13705697}} || {{Nts|26338}} | 12.1 || {{Nts|910}} | 37.2 || {{Nts|2807.6}} |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Somalia}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Mogadishu]] | style="text-align:center"| 2024 | {{Nts|16500000}} || {{Nts|637657}} | 12.49 || {{Nts|756.98}} | 34.02 || {{Nts|2060}} |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Sudan Kusini}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Juba]] | style="text-align:center"| 2016 | {{Nts|11501583}} || {{Nts|644329}} | 5.7 || {{Nts|392.7}} | 13.5 || {{Nts|927.4}} |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Tanzania}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Dodoma]] | style="text-align:center"| 2000 | {{Nts|63732235}} || {{Nts|945087}} | 77.5 || {{Nts|1260.1}} | 206.6 || {{Nts|3358.3}} |- | style="text-align:left"| {{Flag|Uganda}} | style="text-align:left"| [[Kampala]] | style="text-align:center"| 2000 | {{Nts|49135753}} || {{Nts|241550}} | 46.4 || {{Nts|1060.4}} | 129.5 || {{Nts|2960.5}} |- ! colspan="3"| ! style="text-align:right"| {{Nts|303397152}} !! style="text-align:right"| {{Nts|4810363}} ! style="text-align:right"| 325 !! style="text-align:right"| 1106.3 ! style="text-align:right"| 834 !! style="text-align:right"| 2,841.4 |} Kenya, Tanzania na Uganda zina [[historia]] ya [[ushirikiano]] tangu mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], wakati wa [[ukoloni]], ikiwa ni pamoja na Umoja wa Forodha baina ya Kenya na Uganda mwaka 1917, [[Tanganyika]] ilijiunga mnamo mwaka [[1927]], katika [[Ubalozi wa Afrika Mashariki]] ([[1948]]-[[1961]]), 'East African Common Services Organisation' (1961-1967) na Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (1967-1977).<ref name="EacSite"> [https://archive.today/20120530161922/www.eac.int/history.htm From Co-operation to Community (eac.int)]</ref> Jumuia ambayo ilianzishwa baada ya [[uhuru]] ilidumu miaka 10 tu, lakini ilifufuliwa kwa mkataba wa tarehe [[30 Novemba]] [[1999]], ulioanza kufanya kazi tarehe [[7 Julai]] [[2000]], miaka 23 baada ya [[kifo]] cha ile ya kwanza. [[Burundi]] na [[Rwanda]], ambazo ziliwahi kuwa [[koloni]] moja na [[Tanzania bara]] kabla ya [[Vita vikuu vya kwanza]], zilijiunga na Mtangamano tarehe [[6 Julai]] [[2009]].<ref>{{cite web |title=EAC Update E-newsletter |url=http://www.news.eac.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=48&Itemid=70 |work=www.eac.int |publisher=Directorate of Corporate Communications and Public Affairs |accessdate=10 December 2011 |archivedate=2012-04-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426042037/http://www.news.eac.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=48&Itemid=70 }}</ref> Mara baada ya kupata [[uhuru]] mwaka [[2011]], Sudan Kusini iliomba kujiunga na Jumuia, lakini haikukubalika hadi Machi 2016 kutokana na hali ya [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] nchini humo. Tarehe [[23 Novemba]] [[2021]] Baraza la Mawaziri la EAC limependekeza kwa Wakuu wa nchi wanachama wakubali ombi la kujiunga la [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] <ref>https://www.eac.int/press-releases/2288-eac-council-of-ministers-green-light-report-on-drc-verification-mission-for-consideration-by-eac-heads-of-state</ref>, nao wakakubali rasmi tarehe 29 Machi [[2022]]. Hatua kubwa ya awali katika kuanzisha [[Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki]] ni [[muungano wa forodha]] katika [[mataifa husika]] uliotiwa [[saini]] mnamo Machi 2004 na ulioanza kutumika tarehe [[1 Januari]] mwaka [[2005]]. Chini ya ma[[sharti]] ya mkataba, Kenya, ambayo ndiyo nchi inayopata mauzo bora zaidi nje ya nchi katika kanda ya Afrika Mashariki, iliendelea kulipa [[ushuru]] kwa [[bidhaa]] zake zinazoingia nchi nyingine wanachama hadi mwaka [[2010]], kwa [[kiwango]] kilichopungua na wakati. [[Mfumo]] sawa wa [[ushuru]] utatumika kwa bidhaa kutoka nchi ambazo si wanachama. ==Changamoto== Kwa ujumla, mataifa wanachama kwa kiasi kikubwa wanaona neema ya [[Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki]], lakini utafiti usio rasmi unaonyesha kwamba Watanzania wengi (asilimia themanini ya wakazi wake) wana [[mtazamo]] hasi.<ref> [http://allafrica.com/stories/200704290112.html allAfrica.com: Tanzania: Fast-Tracking Political Federation]</ref> Tanzania imekuwa na historia ya [[amani]] tangu kunyakua uhuru, ikilinganishwa na [[fujo]] na [[vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] vilivyoshuhudiwa katika ma[[taifa]] ya [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], na [[Uganda]]. Wakati huu Afrika Mashariki inajaribu kudumisha [[utulivu]] na [[mafanikio]] katikati ya migogoro inayoendelea katika nchi ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Pembe ya Afrika]] na [[Sudan Kusini]]. Pia ni kwamba Tanzania ina [[ardhi]] kubwa, na baadhi ya Watanzania wana [[hofu]] ya [[unyakuzi]] wa ardhi na wakazi wa sasa wa mataifa mengine wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki.<ref name="Daily_News_Tz_001">[http://www.dailynews-tsn.com/page.php?id=6650 EAC federation fears justified?] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dailynews-tsn.com/page.php?id=6650 |date=20070927230624 }} Tanzania's Daily News On Saturday; 5 Mei 2007</ref> <ref Name="mt_elgon_clashes_002"> [http://allafrica.com/stories/200705081059.html Kenya: Tears for Mt Elgon as Schools Re-Open]</ref> <ref Name="Uganda_land_scarcity"> [http://allafrica.com/stories/200705140795.html Sabiny Demand Land as Karamajong Raid Reduce]</ref> Uhaba wa ardhi ni suala nyeti katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki, hasa nchini Kenya, ambako mapigano ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe upande wa [[Mlima Elgon]] mwaka [[2007]] yaliwaacha zaidi ya watu 150 wamefariki na kulazimisha takriban watu wengine 60,000 kugura makazi yao.<ref name="mt_elgon_clashes_001">[http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/KE_VIO.htm?v=at_a_glance AlertNet] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/KE_VIO.htm?v=at_a_glance |date=20100620020229 }} Kenya land clashes kill 60, displace thousands</ref> == Serikali na Utawala == === Mahakama ya Afrika Mashariki === [[Mahakama ya Afrika Mashariki]] ndiyo [[mahakama]] inayosimamia [[kesi]] zote katika eneo hilo. Kwa sasa imo mjini Arusha, Tanzania. === Bunge la Afrika Mashariki === [[File:East African Legislative Assembly.jpg|thumb|Bunge la Jumuiya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Bunge la Afrika Mashariki]] ndicho [[kitengo]] cha kutengeneza sheria katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki. Ina wajumbe 27 ambao wote wamechaguliwa na mabunge ya nchi wanachama. Linahusika na masuala yote ambayo yanahusu Jumuiya hii kama vile kujadili [[bajeti]] ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki na masuala yote ya Jumuiya na kutoa ma[[pendekezo]] kwa Baraza juu ya mambo wanayoyadhani muhimu kwa utekelezaji wa mkataba, kushirikiana pamoja na Bunge husika na kuanzisha [[kamati]] kwa ma[[kusudi]] kama vile wanavyodhani ni muhimu. Tangu [[uzinduzi]] wake mwaka 2001, [[bodi]] hii imekuwa na vikao kadhaa mjini Arusha, [[Kampala]] na Nairobi. ==Viungo== === Pasipoti ya Afrika Mashariki === Pasipoti ya Afrika Mashariki ilizinduliwa rasmi tarehe [[1 Aprili]] [[1999]] ili kurahisisha [[usafiri]] na kuvuka mipaka ya nchi husika.<ref name="EAC News...">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.eac.int/news_2004_11_EACDay.htm |title=EAC News ... |accessdate=2004-12-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041221195607/http://www.eac.int/news_2004_11_EACDay.htm |archivedate=2004-12-21 }}</ref><ref name="Travelling in East Africa">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.eac.int/travelling.htm |title=Travelling in East Africa |accessdate=2004-07-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040701070500/http://www.eac.int/travelling.htm |archivedate=2004-07-01 }}</ref> Ni [[halali]] kwa kusafiri ndani ya eneo la Afrika Mashariki (Kenya,Uganda na Tanzania) na kutoa [[haki]] ya kuingia na kukaa kwa miezi sita katika nchi yoyote na kisha unaweza ukaitumia tena.<ref name="EAC News..." /> Pasipoti hii inapatikana katika Makao Makuu ya [[Idara ya Uhamiaji]] katika miji ya Nairobi, Kampala na Dar es Salaam. Ni [[raia]] tu wa Afrika Mashariki wanaoweza kuomba pasipoti hii.<ref name="EAC News..." /><ref name="Travelling in East Africa" /> [[Gharama]] ya pasipoti hii ni dola 10 za [[Marekani]] au pesa sawa ukibadilisha kwa sarafu za nchi za Afrika mashariki.<ref name="Travelling in East Africa" /> Baada ya kujaza fomu za kupata pasipoti hii itachukua muda wa [[wiki]] mbili au tatu kuipata tayari kwa matumizi. Ingawa pasipoti hii ni halali tu ndani ya Afrika Mashariki, majadiliano yalifanywa ili kuwa na hati sawa za kusafiri kwa watu wote wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref name="EAC News..." /> ===Viza moja kwa watalii=== {{Politics of the African Union mini}} Lilikuwa [[tarajio]] la wengi kuwa kabla ya 2006 kungekuwa na viza moja kwa watalii wote wanaozuru Afrika Mashariki, iwapo mpango huo ungeidhinishwa na mamlaka ya [[sekta]] husika chini ya jumuiya hiyo. Iwapo ingekubalika basi viza hiy ingetumika kote katika ardhi ya wanachama wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki. Chini ya pendekezo hili viza yoyote mpya ya Afrika Mashariki ingeweza kupokewa kutoka [[ubalozi]] wowote katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki. === Mtandao === Matumizi ya [[wavuti]] katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki bado yako chini mno yakilinganishwa na mataifa yaliyostawi kiuchumi. Eneo la Afrika Mashariki ni kituo kizuri kiuchumi huku likikadiriwa kuwa na wakazi zaidi ya milioni 150. Inakadiriwa kuwa asilimia 10 ya wakazi wa Afrika Mashariki - milioni 15 - huutumia [[Mtandao]]. [[Mkakati]] wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki unasisitiza ushirikiano wa kiuchumi na [[maendeleo]] kwa kuzingatia [[uwezo wa kijamii]]. Wengi wa wakazi wa Afrika Mashariki hutumia mtandao kuangalia [[habari]], kusoma [[barua pepe]] na kwenye [[mitandao ya kijamii|mitandao mingine ya kijamii]]. Hivi karibuni kumekuwa na ma[[jukwaa]] mengi yanayoibuka katika eneo hili kwa lengo la kuileta pamoja Afrika Mashariki. [[Kasi ya mawasiliano kupitia kwa mtandao]] pia iko chini mno katika eneo la Afrika Mashariki, ikilinganishwa na mataifa yaliyostawi. Hii labda ni mojawapo ya vikwazo vya maendeleo ya mawasiliano ya mtandao Afrika Mashariki. ==Jiografia== Mtangamano ungekuwa nchi moja tu, ungekuwa ya 7 [[duniani]] kwa eneo ([[Kilomita ya mraba|kilometa mraba]] 4,812,618). {{multiple image |align=left |image1=Lake victoria NASA.jpg |width1=180 |caption1=[[Ziwa Victoria]] kati ya nchi za Mtangamano. |alt1=Lake Victoria |image2=Kilimanjaro Tanzania 0046 Nevit.jpg|width2=177 |caption2=[[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], mrefu kuliko yote ya Afrika, uko Tanzania. |alt2=Mount Kilimanjaro|image3=Diani Beach Sunrise Kenya.jpg |width3=195 |caption3=[[Diani Beach]], [[Kilifi County]], [[Kenya]]. |alt3=Diani Beach}} Sudan Kusini, Uganda, Rwanda na Burundi hazina [[pwani]] [[bahari]]ni, lakini zina [[mvua]] za kutosha. Huku inapatikana minne kati ya milima mirefu zaidi [[bara]]ni [[Afrika]]: [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]] (Tanzania), [[Mlima Kenya]] (Kenya), milima ya [[Rwenzori]] (Uganda/[[DRC]]) na [[Mlima Meru]] (Tanzania). [[Ziwa Turkana]], Kenya, ndiyo ziwa la [[jangwani]] kubwa na lenye [[maji ya chumvi]] nyingi kuliko yote duniani. [[Ziwa Victoria]] linaunganisha nchi za Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania na ni la pili duniani kwa eneo. [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] kati ya Tanzania, Burundi na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ni la pili duniani kwa kina. Kenya pekee ina [[jangwa]], [[jangwa la Chalbi]] katika [[Kaunti ya Marsabit]]. {{multiple image |align=right |image1=Wbeest Mara.jpg |width1=200 |caption1=[[Uhamaji]] wa [[wanyamapori]] ni [[ajabu]] la kimaumbile la 7 duniani |alt1=Wildebeest#Migration |image2=Flamingos in Lake Nakuru.jpg|width2=177 |caption2=[[Ziwa Nakuru]], maarufu kwa flamingo. |alt2=Mount Kilimanjaro|image3=Mount Kenya Rosette.jpg |width3=160 |caption3= Ua [[Rosette]] juu ya [[Mlima Kenya]] |alt3=Rosette (botany)}} {{Wide image|Dar es Salaam Panorama edit2.jpg|3000px|[[Dar es Salaam]], ukiwa na watu milioni 4 ndio [[mji]] mkubwa kuliko yote ya Mtangamano baada tu ya [[Kinshasa]].}} {{wide image|Nairobi panorama from westlands.jpg|1200px|<center>Nairobi, [[kitovu]] cha [[biashara]] cha Mtangamano</center>}} ===Ugatuzi katika nchi za Jumuia ya Afrika Mashariki (E.A.C.)=== ====Burundi==== # [[Mkoa wa Bubanza|Bubanza]] # [[Mkoa wa Bujumbura Mjini|Bujumbura Mjini]] # [[Mkoa wa Bujumbura Vijijini|Bujumbura Vijijini]] # [[Mkoa wa Bururi|Bururi]] # [[Mkoa wa Cankuzo|Cankuzo]] # [[Mkoa wa Cibitoke|Cibitoke]] # [[Mkoa wa Gitega|Gitega]] # [[Mkoa wa Karuzi|Karuzi]] # [[Mkoa wa Kayanza|Kayanza]] # [[Mkoa wa Kirundo|Kirundo]] # [[Mkoa wa Makamba|Makamba]] # [[Mkoa wa Muramvya|Muramvya]] # [[Mkoa wa Muyinga|Muyinga]] # [[Mkoa wa Mwaro|Mwaro]] # [[Mkoa wa Ngozi|Ngozi]] # [[Mkoa wa Rutana|Rutana]] # [[Mkoa wa Ruyigi|Ruyigi]] ====Kenya==== # [[Kaunti ya Mombasa|Mombasa]] # [[Kaunti ya Kwale|Kwale]] # [[Kaunti ya Kilifi|Kilifi]] # [[Kaunti ya Tana River|Tana River]] # [[Kaunti ya Lamu|Lamu]] # [[Kaunti ya Taita–Taveta|Taita–Taveta]] # [[Kaunti ya Garissa|Garissa]] # [[Kaunti ya wajir|Wajir]] # [[Kaunti ya Mandera|Mandera]] # [[Kaunti ya Marsabit|Marsabit]] # [[Kaunti ya Isiolo|Isiolo]] # [[Kaunti ya Meru|Meru]] # [[Kaunti ya Tharaka-Nithi|Tharaka-Nithi]] # [[Kaunti ya Embu|Embu]] # [[Kaunti ya Kitui|Kitui]] # [[Kaunti ya Machakos|Machakos]] # [[Kaunti ya Makueni|Makueni]] # [[Kaunti ya Nyandarua|Nyandarua]] # [[Kaunti ya Nyeri|Nyeri]] # [[Kaunti ya Kirinyaga|Kirinyaga]] # [[Kaunti ya Muranga|Murang'a]] # [[Kaunti ya Kiambu|Kiambu]] # [[Kaunti ya Turkana|Turkana]] # [[Kaunti ya West Pokot|West Pokot]] # [[Kaunti ya Samburu|Samburu]] # [[Kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia|Trans-Nzoia]] # [[Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu|Uasin Gishu]] # [[Kaunti ya Elgeyo-Marakwet|Elgeyo-Marakwet]] # [[Kaunti ya Nandi|Nandi]] # [[Kaunti ya Baringo|Baringo]] # [[Kaunti ya Laikipia|Laikipia]] # [[Kaunti ya Nakuru|Nakuru]] # [[Kaunti ya Narok|Narok]] # [[Kaunti ya Kajiado|Kajiado]] # [[Kaunti ya Kericho|Kericho]] # [[Kaunti ya Bomet|Bomet]] # [[Kaunti ya Kakamega|Kakamega]] # [[Kaunti ya Vihiga|Vihiga]] # [[Kaunti ya Bungoma|Bungoma]] # [[Kaunti ya Busia|Busia]] # [[Kaunti ya Siaya|Siaya]] # [[Kaunti ya Kisumu|Kisumu]] # [[Kaunti ya Homa Bay|Homa Bay]] # [[Kaunti ya Migori|Migori]] # [[Kaunti ya Kisii|Kisii]] # [[Kaunti ya Nyamira|Nyamira]] # [[Kaunti ya Nairobi|Nairobi]] ====Kongo, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia==== # [[Mkoa wa Équateur]] # [[Mkoa wa Ituri]] # [[Mkoa wa Kasai]] # [[Mkoa wa Kasai Kati]] # [[Mkoa wa Kasai Mashariki]] # [[Mkoa wa Katanga Juu]] # [[Mkoa wa Kinshasa]] # [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini]] # [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini]] # [[Mkoa wa Kongo Kati]] # [[Mkoa wa Kwango]] # [[Mkoa wa Kwilu]] # [[Mkoa wa Lomami]] # [[Mkoa wa Lomami Juu]] # [[Mkoa wa Lualaba]] # [[Mkoa wa Mai-Ndombe]] # [[Mkoa wa Maniema]] # [[Mkoa wa Mongala]] # [[Mkoa wa Sankuru]] # [[Mkoa wa Tanganyika]] # [[Mkoa wa Tshopo]] # [[Mkoa wa Tshuapa]] # [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kaskazini]] # [[Mkoa wa Ubangi Kusini]] # [[Mkoa wa Uele Chini]] # [[Mkoa wa Uele Juu]] ====Rwanda==== # [[Mkoa wa Kigali|Kigali]] # [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini (Rwanda)|Kaskazini]] # [[Mkoa wa Kusini (Rwanda)|Kusini]] # [[Mkoa wa Magharibi (Rwanda)|Magharibi]] # [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Rwanda)|Mashariki]] ====Somalia==== # [[Awdal]] # [[Bari, Somalia|Bari]] # [[Mkoa wa Nugal|Nugal]] # [[Mkoa wa Mudug|Mudug]] # [[Mkoa wa Galguduud|Galguduud]] # [[Mkoa wa Hiran|Hiran]] # [[Mkoa wa Shebelle wa Kati|Shebeli wa Kati]] # [[Banaadir]] # [[Mkoa wa Shebelle wa Chini|Shebeli wa Chini]] # [[Togdheer]] # [[Bakool]] # [[Woqooyi Galbeed]] # [[Bay, Somalia|Bay]] # [[Gedo]] # [[Juba wa Kati]] # [[Juba ya chini|Juba wa Chini]] # [[Sanaag]] # [[Sool, Somalia|Sool]] ====Sudan Kusini==== # [[Bahr el Ghazal Kaskazini]] # [[Bahr el Ghazal Magharibi]] # [[Lakes (state)|Lakes]] # [[Warrap (state)|Warrap]] # [[Western Equatoria]] # [[Central Equatoria]] # [[Eastern Equatoria]] # [[Jonglei]] # [[Greater Upper Nile]] # [[Unity (state)|Unity]] # [[Upper Nile (state)|Upper Nile]] # [[Abyei|''Eneo la Abyei'']] # [[Greater Pibor|''Eneo la Pibor'']] # [[Ruweng Administrative Area|''Eneo la Ruweng'']] ====Tanzania==== # [[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] # [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] # [[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]] # [[Mkoa wa Geita|Geita]] # [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]] # [[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]] # [[Mkoa wa Katavi|Katavi]] # [[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] # [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] # [[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] # [[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]] # [[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]] # [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] # [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] # [[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]] # [[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] # [[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njiombe]] # [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini|Pemba Kaskazini]] # [[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] # [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] # [[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] # [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]] # [[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]] # [[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] # [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]] # [[Mkoa wa Songwe|Songwe]] # [[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] # [[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]] # [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] # [[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Mjini Magharibi]] # [[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Unguja Kusini]] ====Uganda==== # [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Kaskazini]] # [[Mkoa wa Kati (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Kati]] # [[Mkoa wa Magharibi (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Magharibi]] # [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Uganda)|Mkoa wa Mashariki]] == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi za Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki kwa Pato la taifa]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki kwa Kiashiria cha Maendeleo ya Binadamu]] * [[Orodha ya Maeneo ya Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki kwa Kiashiria cha Maendeleo ya Binadamu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Jumuiya ya Afrika mashariki kulingana na Umri wa Kuishi]] * [[Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki]] * [[Mkataba wa Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] * [[Uchumi wa Afrika]] * [[Mamlaka ya Maendeleo ya Kitaifa]] (IGAD) * [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC) * [[COMESA|Soko la Pamoja la Mashariki na Kusini mwa Afrika]] (COMESA) * [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika ya Kati]] (ECCAS) * [[Wizara ya Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki|Wizara ya Ushirikiano wa Afrika ya Mashariki, Tanzania]] == Marejeo == {{reflist|2}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category}} *[http://www.eac.int/ Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki] *[http://www.eacgermany.org/ German and East African Community Cooperation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eacgermany.org/ |date=20150916000603 }} *[http://agritrade.cta.int/Regions/ACP/Eastern-Africa ''Agritrade'' Agricultural trade in East Africa] {{Wayback|url=http://agritrade.cta.int/Regions/ACP/Eastern-Africa |date=20140214131007 }} *[http://institutions.africadatabase.org/data/i16299.html Information from africadatabase.org] {{Wayback|url=http://institutions.africadatabase.org/data/i16299.html |date=20060629091743 }} *[http://www.eastafricans.eu/ Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki katika Ulaya] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eastafricans.eu/ |date=20120224104140 }} *[http://www.worldtradelaw.net/fta/agreements/eacfta.pdf EAC Free Trade Agreement] *[http://www.africa-business.com/features/eac.html Makala za Afrika] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4139635.stm Habari za BBC kuhusu kuanzishwa kwa Umoja wa Forodha] *[https://archive.today/20121213003810/www.eac.int/eala/ Bunge la pamoja la Afrika Mashariki] *[http://www.busiweek.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=blogsection&amp;id=24&amp;Itemid=66/ Habari za Biashara kuhusu Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki] *[http://allafrica.com/stories/200610170203.html Rwanda na Burundi kujiunga na Afrika Mashariki] ''allAfrica.com,'' 17 Oktoba 2006 {{Pan-Africanism}} [[Category:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki| ]] [[Category:Afrika ya Mashariki]] [[Category:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Category:Kenya]] [[Category:Tanzania]] [[Category:Uganda]] [[Category:Burundi]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Somalia]] [[Jamii:Sudan Kusini]] [[Category:Arusha]] [[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] omg9jojvn808ga6kcr0d4annzsqztbx 0 32836 1540726 1456489 2026-05-12T02:24:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:Tom_Mboya_1962_(cropped).jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Tom Mboya mwaka 1962]] '''Thomas Joseph Odhiambo Mboya''' ([[15 Agosti]] [[1930]] - [[5 Julai]] [[1969]]) alikuwa [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] maarufu wa [[Kenya]] wakati wa [[serikali]] ya Mzee [[Jomo Kenyatta]]. Yeye alianzisha chama cha [[Nairobi People's Congress Party]], chama ambacho kilichangia kukua kwa chama maarufu [[Kenya African National Union]] (KANU). Alikuwa pia Waziri wa Mipango na Maendeleo ya Uchumi wakati alipouawa katika [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Nairobi]]. == Asili == [[Picha:Tom Mboya Monument.jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] iliyosimamishwa katikati mwa mji wa [[Nairobi]] kwa heshima ya [[Tom Mboya]].]] Thomas Mboya Odhiambo alizaliwa tarehe 15 Agosti, 1930 katika Kilima Mbogo, karibu na mji Thika; wakati huo sehemu yenyewe ilijulikana kama “ White Highlands “ kwa Kiingereza.  == Elimu == Mboya alisoma katika shule mbalimbali za Kikatoliki. Mnamo Mwaka 1942, alijiunga na Shule ya Sekondari ya St Mary's School Yala iliyo katika jimbo la Nyanza. Mwaka wa 1946, alikwenda Holy Ghost College ambayo kwa sasa inaitwa Mang'u High School, ambapo alifanya vizuri hadi akafaulu kufanya mtihani wa Cambridge School Certificate. Mwaka wa 1948, alijiunga na  Royal Sanitary Institute's Medical Training School for Sanitary Inspectors mjini Nairobi, baadaye alifuzu kama mkaguzi wa usafi mnamo mwaka wa 1950. Mwaka wa1955, Mboya alipokea udhamini wakimasomo kutoka Britain's Trades Union Congress kuhudhuria Ruskin College, Oxford, ambapo alisomea usimamizi wa viwanda. Alihitimu mwaka wa 1956. Aliporudi Kenya alijiunga na siasa wakati serikali ya Uingereza ilikuwa ikipata udhibiti wa  Kenya Land Freedom Army  iliyojulikana kama Mau Mau. == Maisha ya siasa == Maisha ya Mboya kisiasa,yalianza baada ya kuajiriwa katika baraza la halmashauri la jiji la Nairobi kama mkaguzi mnamo mwaka 1950. Mwaka mmoja baada ya kujiunga na muungano wa Wafanyakazi wa Afrika African Staff Association, alichaguliwa kama Mkurungezi mkuu na kuufanya kukua hadi ukawa muungano wa kutetea haki za wafanyakazi ulioitwa Muungano wa wafanyikazi wa serikali za mitaa Kenya (Kenya Local Government Workers Union). Hii ilifanya mwajiri wake kumshuku vibaya, lakini kabla hawajmfukuza kazi, alijiuzulu. Hata hivyo, aliweza kuendelea na kazi kama katibu mkuu wa chama cha wafanyakazi cha Kenya Labour Workers Union kabla ya kuendelea na masomo yake nchini Uingereza. Juu ya kurudi kutoka Uingereza, yeye waligombea na alishinda kiti dhidi etablerade CMG Argwings-Kodhek.Mwaka 1957, akawa dissatisfied na idadi ndogo ya viongozi wa Afrika (nane tu nje ya hamsini wakati) katika baraza bunge na kuamua kuunda chama chake mwenyewe, Watu's Congress Party. Kwa sababu ya idadi ndogo ya viongozi wa Afrika, ni wa maslahi historia kutambua kwamba sasa zilionyesha kuwa kifo chake mapema katika mwaka huo huo ulitokana na ajali ya barabarani, huweza si wamekuwa kama. An exhumation mwili wa CMG Argwings-Kodhek, ambaye baadaye kuwa nguvu ya Kenyatta waziri katika baraza la mawaziri na karibu confidant ya Kenyatta's, alipendekeza kuwa kifo chake alikuwa kweli matokeo ya bunduki risasi fired kutoka polisi-iliyotolewa Rifle. Wengi karibu na familia ya kweli kuamini kwamba hii ilikuwa ya kwanza ya Rais Kenyatta mauaji ya kisiasa. Karibu na familia uliofanyika rekodi zinaonyesha kuwa waziri wa zamani Paul Ngei kweli kutambuliwa polisi waliondoka na gari ambayo Assassins kwa shambulizi kumweka juu Hurlingham Road (sasa Argwings-Kodhek Road). Gari katika swali ilikuwa sehemu ya Makamu wa Rais Moi's vice-Presidential Escort undani. Ya ushuhuda wa waziri wa zamani Andrew Omanga, basi, Katibu Mkuu wa CMG zinaonyesha kwamba wakati yeye amelala Omanga walikutana katika barabara muda mfupi baada ya 'ajali' CMG alisema kwamba alikuwa ni 'mshtuko' na kwamba yeye kusikia 'bunduki risasi'. Zamani nguvu Mwanasheria Mkuu Charles Njonjo alithibitisha kama kufa mlei CMG iliyofuata asubuhi kwamba 'majeraha ni thabiti na bunduki risasi majeraha'. Ni inajulikana kuwa Kenyatta, frustrated na Oginga Odinga, alikuwa tayari aliifamisha Argwings-Kodhek kwamba alikuwa anakwenda kuwa maalumu Makamu wa Rais-CMG nafasi kumgeuza chini na alipendekeza kwamba itolewe kwa Moi, badala ya Mboya-kwa kuwa ya kwanza ya Afrika kujiunga na ukoloni Legislative Council. Wakati huo, Mboya kuendelezwa uhusiano wa karibu na Kwame Nkrumah wa Ghana, ambaye, kama Mboya, alikuwa Pan-Africanist. Mwaka 1958, wakati wa All-African Peoples 'Mkutano wa Ghana, ulioitishwa na Kwame Nkurumah, Mboya alichaguliwa kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Mkutano na umri wa miaka 28. Mboya iliyoandaliwa mwaka 1959 Afrika ya Airlift mradi, pamoja na African-American Wanafunzi Foundation katika Marekani, kupitia ambayo wanafunzi 81 wa Kenya walikuwa flown Marekani kusoma katika vyuo vikuu Marekani. Barack Obama babaye, barack Obama, Sr alikuwa rafiki wa Mboya's na Waluo wenzake; ingawa hakuwa airlift ya kwanza ndege mwaka 1959, tangu alikuwa zinazoongozwa kwa Hawaii, si bara US, yeye alipata udhamini kupitia AASF na mara ya ruzuku kwa ajili ya vitabu na gharama.Mwaka 1960 Foundation ya Kennedy ilikubali underwrite ya airlift, baada Mboya alitembelea Seneta Jack Kennedy kwa kuomba msaada, na Afrika Airlift ilipanuliwa na Uganda, Tanganyika na Zanzibar (sasa Tanzania), Northern Rhodesia (sasa Zambia), Southern Rhodesia (sasa Zimbabwe), na Nyasaland (sasa Malawi). Baadhi ya wanafunzi 230 wa Afrika walipata scholarships kujifunza saa Hatari mimi ackrediterade vyuo katika Marekani mwaka 1960, na mamia zaidi katika 1961-63.  Mwaka 1960, People's Congress Party alijiunga na Umoja wa Afrika Kenya na Kenya Independent Movement na kuunda Kenya African National Union (KANU) katika jaribio la kuunda chama ambayo wote transcend tribal siasa na kujiandaa kwa ajili ya kushiriki katika Lancaster House Conference (uliofanyika at Lancaster House inLondon) ambapo Kenya's kikatiba ram na uhuru walikuwa kuwa mazungumzo. Kama Katibu Mkuu wa KANU, Mboya aliongoza ujumbe wa Kenya. Baada ya uhuru wa Kenya mwaka 1963, Mboya alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kwa ajili ya Nairobi, Kati Constituency (leo: Kamukunji Constituency) akawa Waziri wa Katiba na Sheria, na baadaye Waziri wa Uchumi, Mipango na Maendeleo. Katika jukumu hili, yeye aliandika muhimu "kikao Paper 10" on Harambee na Kanuni ya African Socialism (antog na Bunge mwaka 1964), ambayo ilitoa mfano wa makao ya serikali ya Afrika maadili. == Kuuawa == Yeye kubakia na kwingineko kama Waziri wa Mipango Uchumi na Maendeleo hadi kifo chake katika umri wa miaka 39 alipokuwa gunned down tarehe 5 Julai, 1969 juu ya Moi Avenue, Nairobi CBD baada ya kutembelea famasia. Nahashon Isaka Njenga Njoroge alihukumiwa kwa mauaji na baadaye hanged. Baada ya kukamatwa kwake, Njoroge aliuliza: "Why don't you go baada ya big mtu?. Nani yeye maana kwa" wakubwa mtu "alikuwa kamwe divulged, ambayo imesababisha uvumi kiasi tangu Mboya ilionekana kama inawezekana contender kwa ajili ya urais. kikabila ya wengi wasomi kote Kenyatta umekuwa kulaumiwa kwa kifo chake, ambayo haijawahi subject ya uchunguzi wa mahakama. Under Mboya's mazishi, en molekuli maandamano dhidi ya mahudhurio ya Rais Jomo Kenyatta imesababisha skirmish kubwa, pamoja na watu wawili risasi wafu. The waandamanaji waliamini kuwa Kenyatta alikuwa kuhusika katika kifo cha Mboya, hivyo kuondoa yeye kama tishio kwa wasifu yake ya kisiasa ingawa hii bado ni jambo gombana. Mboya kushoto mke na watoto watano. Yeye ni kuzikwa katika mausoleum ziko katika Rusinga Island iliyojengwa 1970. Mtaa mmoja wa Nairobi una jina lake. Mboya jukumu nchini Kenya katika siasa na mabadiliko ni subject ya kuongeza riba, hasa na kuja katika eneo la mwanasiasa wa Marekani, Barack Obama, Jr Obama's baba, Barack Obama, Sr, alikuwa US-elimu Kenya ambao wamefaidika kutokana Mboya's Scholarship program ya 60's, na ndoa wakati wake kukaa huko, siring Seneta wa Illinois na Rais. Obama Sr alikuwa ameona Mboya muda mfupi kabla ya mauaji, na ushahidi katika kesi ensuing. Obama Sr aliamini yeye alikuwa baadaye walengwa katika hit-na-kukimbia tukio kama matokeo ya ushuhuda huu. == Maisha binafsi == Baba Mboya Leonard Ndiege alikuwa mwangalizi katika katani mashamba katika Kilima Mbogo. Pamela Mboya Mboya kuolewa katika 1962 (mwenyewe binti wa mwanasiasa Walter Odede). Walikuwa na watoto watano, ikiwa ni pamoja na binti Maureen Odero, juu ya jaji katika mahakama ya Mombasa, na Susan Mboya, en Coca-Cola mtendaji ambao unaendelea airlift mpango wa elimu ulioanzishwa na Tom Mboya. Watoto wao ni Luka na ndugu pacha Petro (alikufa mwaka 2004 katika ajali ya pikipiki) na Patrick (alikufa wazee nne). Baada ya Tom kifo, Pamela alikuwa na mtoto mmoja, Tom Mboya Jr, na Alphonse Okuku, ndugu wa Tom Mboya. Pamela alifariki ya ugonjwa katika Januari 2009 wakati wakitafuta tiba katika Afrika ya Kusini. == Marejeo == * Airlift to America: Jinsi Barack Obama, Sr, John F. Kennedy, Tom Mboya, na 800 Changed Wanafunzi Afrika Mashariki na ulimwengu wao Wetu Tom Shachtman (St Martin's Press, Septemba 2009, ISBN 0-312-57075-9 * Center for Multiparty Democracy: Siasa na Paliamenterians nchini Kenya 1944-2007 * Daily Nation tovuti, 26 Januari 2009: Mboya mjane akifa katika SA baada ya ugonjwa * " Unanswered Questions ", Time, 5 Desemba 1969 * Joe Ombour, "makaburi ambako wanaume kuu uongo", Daily Nation, Weekend Magazine, 5 Septemba 2003 * "A baba charm, kutokuwepo", Boston Globe 21 Septemba 2008 * The Standard, 4 Julai 2009: Mboya's Legacy bado hai, miaka 40 baadaye * The Standard, 6 Februari 2009: Final safari ya icon, kulipa kodi kwa Pamela Mboya == Viungo vya nje == * "TomMboya.com". http://www.tommboya.com/. Site {{Wayback|url=http://www.tommboya.com/. |date=20111013100448 }} wakfu kwa Tom Mboya. Includes biography na habari kuhusu Tom Mboya Foundation. * "Thomas Joseph Mboya". AfricanTribute.com. Http://kenya740.tripod.com/mboya.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * "TJ Mboya - A Tribute to Mmoja wa yala's kiburi wana". https://web.archive.org/web/20061113033409/http://yala.epulseone.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=5. * "Kenya - Tom Mboya's janga viungo na CIA". http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Kenya---Tom-Mboya-s-fatal-links-with-CIA/111469. * "Tom Mboya's Mausoleum - Rusinga Island, Kenya". http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Tom-Mboya-s-Mausoleum---The-historical-gem-of-Rusinga-Island-- Kenya/115521. {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mboya, Tom}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1930]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1969]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kenya]] ccilrxw1zltmge8jts1gg2si4hccroe 0 33610 1540793 1197200 2026-05-12T06:48:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waruhiu Itote''' (General China; [[1922]] - [[30 Aprili]] [[1993]]) alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi muhimu wa uasi wa [[Mau Mau]] akiwa pamoja na Field Marshal [[Dedan Kimathi]], Generali [[Stanley Mathenge]] na Field Marshal [[Musa Mwariama.]] Itote alitiwa baloni na vikosi vya jeshi la Uingereza hapo 15 Januari 1954, lakini tofauti na Kimathi, hatimaye aliachiliwa huru. Mwakani 1967 Itote alichapisha tawasifu yake, " 'Mau Mau' General" (East African Publishing House), na mwakani 1979 aliandika "Mau Mau in Action" (TransAfrica Books). Alihudumu kama afisa wa juu wa huduma ya Kenya National Youth Service katika afisi zao kuu Ruaraka, Nairobi. Itote alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Kaheti, taarafa ya [[Mukurwe-ini]], Wilaya ya [[Nyeri]] hapo mwaka wa 1922. Alikufa ugonjwa wa kiharusi hapo mwaka mwaka wa 1993 akiwa na umri wa miaka 71. Wakati wa kifo chake alikuwa akisimamia shamba, karibu na [[Ol Kalou.]] ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://kenya740.tripod.com/china.html Tawasifu ya Nje]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://daveblumenkrantz.com/africa/kenya_general_china.html Daudi Blumenkrantz "He Deserved a State Burial"] {{Wayback|url=http://daveblumenkrantz.com/africa/kenya_general_china.html |date=20070228184404 }} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Itote, Waruhiu}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1993]] [[Category:Wanasiasa wa Kenya]] [[Category:Mau Mau]] ozpm0rvpwu130yx59fffcf38amhuobs 0 67605 1540685 1318193 2026-05-12T00:09:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mtawala | jina = Suleiman I | cheo = [[Sultani]] wa [[Milki ya Osmani]] | picha = EmperorSuleiman.jpg|200px | maelezo ya picha = Suleiman I alivyochorwa na [[Tiziano]] mn. 1530 | tarehe za utawala = [[1520]]–[[1566]] (miaka 46) | kusimikwa = [[1520]] | vyeo vingine = Mlinzi wa Haramain (msikiti za Makka na Madina), [[Khalifa]], [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] | jina kamili = Suleiman bin Selim Khan | maumbo ya jina = Kanuni Sultan Süleyman | Mtangulizi = [[Selim I]] | aliyemfuata = [[Selim II]] | cheo cha mrithi teule = | malkia = Roxalane | nasaba = Waosmani | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = 6 Novemba 1494 | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Trabzon]] | tarehe ya kufariki = 5 Septemba 1566 | mahali pa kufariki = Szigetvar, [[Hungaria]] }} '''Suleiman I''' (kwa [[Kituruki]]: سلطان سليمان اول, Sultān Suleimān-i evvel au قانونى سلطان سليمان‎, Kānūnī Sultān Suleimān; [[6 Novemba]] [[1494]] – [[5 Septemba]]/[[6 Septemba]] [[1566]]) alikuwa [[sultani]] wa 10 wa [[Milki ya Osmani]]. Alitawala miaka 46 kuanzia [[1520]] hadi 1566. Hakuna sultani mwingine aliyekaa muda mrefu kama yeye. Watu wa magharibi walimwita "Suleimani Mwadhimu"; katika dunia ya Kiislamu alijulikana kama <ref>Merriman.</ref> "Suleimani Kanuni" kutokana na muundo wa sheria alizorekebisha na kuunda. Wakati wa karne ya 16 Suleimani alikuwa mtawala mashuhuri aliyeongoza milki yake hadi kufikia kwenye kilele cha uwezo na uenezaji wake. Suleimani mwenyewe aliongoza jeshi lake kuteka maboma ya [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] kama [[Belgrad]], [[Rhodos]] na sehemu kubwa ya [[Hungaria]] hadi Vienna alipopaswa kurudi nyuma. Vilevile aliteka sehemu kubwa za [[Mashariki ya Kati]] pamoja na [[Uajemi]] ya magharibi katika vita zake dhidi ya watawala [[Wasafawi]]. [[Afrika ya Kaskazini]] aliweka chini ya utawala wake hadi [[Algeria]]. Jeshi la maji la Waosmani lilitawala [[Mediteranea]], [[Bahari ya Shamu]] na [[Ghuba ya Uajemi]]. Katika [[Bahari ya Hindi|bahari Hindi]] Waosmani walipagana na Wareno na kutuma wanmajeshi hadi [[Aceh]] katika [[Indonesia]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Marejeo == <div class="references-small"> * {{cite web |url= http://www.bartleby.com/67/794.html|title= 1548-49|accessdate=2007-04-18 |work=The Encyclopedia of World History|year=2001}} * {{cite web|url= http://www.bartleby.com/67/795.html|title= 1553-55|accessdate= 2007-04-18|work= The Encyclopedia of World History|year= 2001|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090130012437/http://bartleby.com/67/795.html|archivedate= 2009-01-30}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.womeninworldhistory.com/sample-10.html |title= A 400 Year Old Love Poem|accessdate=2007-04-18 |work=Women in World History Curriculum Showcase}} * {{cite web|url= http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/MidEast/04/embree/embree.htm|title= Suleiman The Magnificent|accessdate= 2007-04-18|first= Mark|last= Embree|year= 2004|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060930054118/http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/MidEast/04/embree/embree.htm|archivedate= 2006-09-30}} * {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309091926/http://www.byegm.gov.tr/yayinlarimiz/NEWSPOT/1999/JulyAug/N6.htm|title=Suleyman the Magnificent Poet|archivedate=2006-03-09|url=http://www.byegm.gov.tr/yayinlarimiz/NEWSPOT/1999/JulyAug/N6.htm|accessdate=2007-04-18|last=Halman|first=Talat|year=1988}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.malta.com/about-malta/history-of-malta.html |title=The History of Malta |accessdate=2007-04-27 |first= |last= |year=2007 |archive-date=2007-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501155037/http://www.malta.com/about-malta/history-of-malta.html |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web|url=http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/MidEast/save/hope/hope.html|title=Suleiman The Magnificent|accessdate=2007-04-18|last=Hope|first=Maggie|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060404062425/http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/MidEast/save/hope/hope.html|archivedate=2006-04-04}} * {{cite web|url=http://www.turkcebilgi.net/kim-kimdir/m/muhibbi-kanuni-sultan-suleyman-31612.html |title=Muhibbî (Kanunî Sultan Süleyman) |accessdate=2008-01-13 |work=Türkçe Bilgi—Kim kimdir? |language=Turkish }} * {{cite news |url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE7D6163EF935A15752C0A961948260|title=The Age of Sultan Suleyman |accessdate=2007-08-09 |first= John |last= Russell|date=[[2007-01-26]]|publisher=New York Times}} </div> == Soma pia == <div class="references-small"> * {{cite book |last= Bridge |first= Anthony|title=Suleiman the Magnificent, Scourge of Heaven |url= https://archive.org/details/suleimanmagnific0000brid |year= 1983 |location= New York |publisher= F. Watts |oclc=9853956}} * {{cite book |last= Downey |first= Fairfax Davis |title= The Grand Turke, Suleyman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottomans |year= |publisher= Minton, Balch & Company |location= New York|oclc=25776191}} * {{cite web |url= http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/OTTOMAN/SULEYMAN.HTM |last= Hooker |first= Richard |title= The Ottomans: Suleyman |accessdate= 2007-09-02 |archivedate= 1999-01-17 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/19990117031057/http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/OTTOMAN/SULEYMAN.HTM }} * {{cite book |last= Lybyer|first= Albert Howe |title=The government of the Ottoman empire in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent |url= https://archive.org/details/governmentottom00lybygoog|year= 1913 |location= Cambridge, Massachusetts |publisher= Harvard University Press |oclc=1562148}} </div> == Viungo vya Nje == * [http://www.sinanasaygi.com/en/eserler.asp?action=eserDetay&ID=77 Sultan Suleyman Tomb] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sinanasaygi.com/en/eserler.asp?action=eserDetay&ID=77 |date=20071224133530 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Suleiman I}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1494]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1566]] [[Category:Masultani Waosmani]] ht04b5aewemlfs848946233pimo0ew7 1 68524 1540303 1540171 2026-05-11T11:59:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540303 wikitext text/x-wiki Istilahi za Kishairi Haya ni baadhi ya maneno ambayo hutakosa kukutana nayo unapozingatia ushairi. Ni muhimu mwanafunzi kuyajua vizuri. 1.Shairi - ni sanaa ya maneno (utunzi maalum wa lugha ya kisanaa) unaotumia mpangilio na uteuzi maalum wa maneno na sauti ili kupitisha ujumbe fulani. 2.Vina - ni silabi za mwisho katika kila kipande. 3.Mizani - ni idadi ya silabi katika kila mshororo. 4.Mshororo - ni msitari mmoja wa maneno katika shairi. 5.Ubeti - ni kifungu cha mishororo kadhaa. 6.Vipande - ni visehemu vya mshororo vilivyogawanywa kwa alama ya kituo(,) 7.Ukwapi - kipande cha kwanza katika mshororo 8.Mwandamo - Kipande cha tatu katika mshororo 9.Ukingo - kipande cha nne katika mshororo 10.Utao - kipande cha pili katika mshororo 11.Mwanzo - mshororo wa kwanza katika ubeti 12.Mloto - mshororo wa pili katika ubeti 13.Kimalizio/Kiishio - mshororo wa mwisho katika ubeti usiorudiwarudiwa katika kila ubeti. 14.Kibwagizo - mshororo wa mwisho katika ubeti unaorudiwarudiwa kila ubeti. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sifa za Ushairi 1.Huwa na vina, mizani, mishororo na beti 2.Hutumia lugha teule 3.Hufupisha au kurefusha maneno ili kutosheleza idadi ya mizani 4.Mashairi hayazingatii kanuni za kisarufi. (Angalia uhuru wa mshairi) 5.Hutumia mbinu za lugha -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Umuhimu wa Mashairi 1.Kuburudisha 2.Kuhamasisha jamii 3.Kukuza sanaa na ukwasi wa lugha 4.Kuliwaza 5.Kuelimisha 6.Kuonya, kutahadharisha, kunasihi na kuelekeza 7.Kupitisha ujumbe fulani 8.Kusifia mtu au kitu 9.Kukejeli au kukemea mambo yanayoenda kinyume na maadili ya jamii stlgxiw55z73m3owsias4qiac3c1xn0 0 71098 1540736 1527845 2026-05-12T03:39:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540736 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Percent of Christians by Country–Pew Research 2011.svg|thumb|600px|[[Asilimia]] ya [[Wakristo]] katika nchi zote duniani.]] {{Ukristo}} [[Ukristo]] ndio [[dini]] kubwa zaidi [[duniani]], ukikadiriwa kuwa na waumini walau [[bilioni]] 2.64 kati ya watu [[bilioni]] 8 hivi <ref name="pew2010-2020">{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}} * {{cite web |author=Hackett |first=Conrad |last2=Stonawski |first2=Marcin |last3=Tong |first3=Yunping |last4=Kramer |first4=Stephanie |last5=Shi |first5=Anne |last6=Fahmy |first6=Dalia |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Religion Information Data Explorer {{!}} GRF |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/explorer#/?subtopic=15&chartType=bar&year=2020&data_type=number&religious_affiliation=all&destination=to&countries=Worldwide&age_group=all&gender=all&pdfMode=false |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=www.globalreligiousfutures.org |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013135617/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/explorer#/?subtopic=15&chartType=bar&year=2020&data_type=number&religious_affiliation=all&destination=to&countries=Worldwide&age_group=all&gender=all&pdfMode=false |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="World">33.39% of ~7.2&nbsp;billion world population (under the section 'People') {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/|title=World|date=7 October 2021|work=[[The World Factbook]]|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=2025-08-23|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032610/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Major Religions Ranked by Size">{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=August 16, 2000 |title=Major Religions Ranked by Size |publisher=Adherents.com |access-date=2009-05-05}}</ref><ref name="Global Christianity">{{cite web |author=ANALYSIS |url=http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx |title=Global Christianity |publisher=Pewforum.org |date=2011-12-19 |access-date=2012-08-17 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226061838/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>, ambao ni karibu sawa na 1/3 ([[2025]]) <ref>Hinnells, ''The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion'', p. 441.</ref>. Kinaganaga zaidi ni dini ya wakazi walio wengi (walau 50%) katika nchi 120 kati ya 201 <ref name="pew2010-2020" />. Kati ya [[madhehebu]] yake, [[Kanisa Katoliki]] linaongoza kwa kuwa na waumini bilioni 1.3,<ref>"Presentation of the Pontifical Yearbook 2019 and the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2017". Holy See Press Office. 6 March 2019. Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 6 March 2019</ref> likifuatwa na [[Uprotestanti]] (uliogawanyika sana), [[Waorthodoksi]], [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] na wengineo. Nchi inayoongoza kwa idadi ya Wakristo ni [[Marekani]], ikifuatwa na [[Brazil]], [[Meksiko]], [[Ufilipino]], [[Urusi]], [[Nigeria]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Italia]] <ref>{{cite web|last1=Diamant|first1=Jeff|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/|title=Which countries have the 10 largest Christian and Muslim Populations?|publisher=Pew Research Center|access-date=2019-10-26}}</ref>. Ukristo, katika madhehebu yake mojawapo, ni [[dini rasmi]] ya nchi 14: [[Armenia]] ([[Kanisa la Kitume la Armenia]]), [[Costa Rica]] (Kanisa Katoliki),<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Costa Rica">{{cite web|url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139528/Costa-Rica| title = Costa Rica|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> [[Udeni|Denmark]] ([[Walutheri]]),<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Denmark">{{cite web|url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157748/Denmark| title = Denmark|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> [[Georgia (nchi)|Georgia]] ([[Waorthodoksi]]),<ref>The Church Triumphant: A History of Christianity Up to 1300, E. Glenn Hinson, p 223</ref><ref>Georgian Reader, George Hewitt, p. xii</ref> [[Iceland]] ([[Walutheri]]),<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Iceland">{{cite web|url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/281235/Iceland|title = Iceland|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> [[Liechtenstein]] (Kanisa Katoliki),<ref name="U.S. Department of State-Liechtenstein">{{cite web|url =http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24418.htm|title = Liechtenstein|publisher = U.S. Department of State|accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> [[Malta]] (Kanisa Katoliki),<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Malta">{{cite web|url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/360532/Malta|title = Malta|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> [[Monaco]] (Kanisa Katoliki),<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Monaco">{{cite web|url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/388747/Monaco|title = Monaco|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> [[Tuvalu]] (Kanisa la Tuvalu), [[Ugiriki]] ([[Waorthodoksi]]), [[Uingereza]] ([[Anglikana]]),<ref name="Centre for Citizenship-England">{{cite web|url = http://www.centreforcitizenship.org/church1.html|title = Church and State in Britain: The Church of privilege|publisher = Centre for Citizenship|accessdate = 2008-05-11|archivedate = 2008-05-11|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511204430/http://www.centreforcitizenship.org/church1.html}}</ref> [[Vatikani]] (Kanisa Katoliki).<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica-Vatican City">{{cite web|url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623972/Vatican-City|title = Vatican|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-05-11}}</ref> na [[Zambia]] (Ukristo). ==Takwimu nchi kwa nchi== [[File:Khor Virap Monastery and Mount Ararat, Armenia.jpg|thumb|right|[[Monasteri]] ya [[karne ya 7]] huko [[Khor Virap]] chini ya [[Mlima Ararat]]. [[Armenia]] ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza kuufanya [[Ukristo]] kuwa [[dini rasmi]] mwaka [[301]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/neareast/f/1stchristian.htm |title=Armenia&nbsp;– Which Nation First Adopted Christianity? |publisher=Ancienthistory.about.com |date=2009-10-29 |accessdate=2010-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitarmenia.org/ |title=Visit Armenia, It is Beautiful |publisher=Visitarmenia.org |date= |accessdate=2010-01-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.welcomearmenia.com/main.php?page=armeniainformation&sid=104&lang=eng |title=Armenia Information&nbsp;– Welcome to Armenia |publisher=Welcomearmenia.com |date= |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206222352/http://www.welcomearmenia.com/main.php?page=armeniainformation&sid=104&lang=eng |archivedate=2010-02-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |title=Blog Archive " Which is the first country to adopt Christianity? |publisher=Did You Know it |date= |accessdate=2010-01-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719180946/http://www.didyouknow.it/religion/first-country-to-adopt-christianity/ |archivedate=2009-07-19 }}</ref>]] [[File:Church Tolhuin.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tolhuin]], [[Argentina]].]] [[File:P1050225.JPG|thumb|right|[[Ipiales]], [[Colombia]].]] [[File:Crkva Sv Vida Rijeka 140807.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Mtakatifu Vitus]] huko [[Rijeka]], [[Croatia]].]] [[File:Valreas 3 by JM Rosier.jpg|thumb|right|[[Vaucluse]], [[France]].]] [[File:Church in mykonos 07.JPG|thumb|right|[[Mykonos]], [[Greece]].]] [[File:Iceland 4235.JPG|thumb|right|[[Mosfellsbær|Mosfell]], [[Iceland]].]] [[File:The Cathedral of Ambon.jpg|thumb|right|[[Moluccas]], [[Indonesia]].]] [[File:Cross Cherry Blossoms Kamakura Japan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]], [[Japan]].]] [[File:Russia-Moscow-Cathedral of Christ the Saviour-3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Kristo]] [[Mwokozi]] huko [[Moscow]], [[Russia]].]] [[File:Lady Kirk, Sanday, Orkney - geograph.org.uk - 220173.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sanday, Orkney|Sanday]], [[Scotland]].]] [[File:Temple Saint Sava.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Mtakatifu Sava]], [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]].]] [[File:Graaff-Reinet GR3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Graaff-Reinet]], [[Afrika Kusini]].]] [[File:Cathedral Of Christ the King in Atlanta.jpg|thumb|right|[[Atlanta]], [[Marekani]].]] [[File:Notre dame saigon.jpg|right|thumb|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Bikira Maria|Bibi Yetu]] huko [[Ho Chi Minh City]] (zamani [[Saigon]]), [[Vietnam]].]] [[Takwimu]] zifuatazo zimekokotolewa hasa Marekani: [[State Department]]'s'' International Religious Freedom Report'', [[Islam by country#cite note-11|the]]'' [[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]'', [[Joshua Project]], [[Open doors]], [[Pew Forum]] and [[Adherents.com]]. <ref>Kwa takwimu mpya zaidi (2020), tazama: https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/feature/religious-composition-by-country-2010-2020/?_gl=1*zck62a*_up*MQ..*_gs*MQ..&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIm629o76gjwMV-joGAB2omhV7EAAYASAAEgLinfD_BwE&gbraid=0AAAAA-ddO9GQwLuvZ7MGnUD3ShC-8XfOv</ref> ====Nchi huru==== <!-- The percentage cells in this table are colored according to the following scheme: #FFFFFF 0-1 #EEEEEE 1-5 #EECCEE 5-10 #CCCCEE 10-20 #CCAAEE 20-30 #AAAAEE 30-40 #AA88EE 40-50 #8888EE 50-60 #8866EE 60-70 #6666EE 70-80 #6644EE 80-90 #4444EE 90-100 --> {| class="wikitable sortable" id="toc" style="width:65%; font-size:100%;" cellspacing="4" |+ '''Christianity by country''' |- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" ! Country ! Christians ! % Christian ! % Catholic ! % Protestant/ Orthodox/ Other ! % GDP/Capita PPP World Bank 2012 |- | {{flag|Afghanistan}} ([[Christianity in Afghanistan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,250 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.02% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 1,399 |- | {{flag|Albania}} ([[Christianity in Albania|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 580,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 18.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 10% | style="text-align:right;" | 7% | style="text-align:right;" | 9,443 |- | {{flag|Algeria}} ([[Christianity in Algeria|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 270,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 8,515 |- | {{flag|American Samoa}} ([[Demographics of American Samoa|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 70,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 98.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 20% | style="text-align:right;" | 78% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Andorra}} ([[Religion in Andorra|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 78,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 90.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 3.9% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Angola}} ([[Christianity in Angola|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 17,094,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 90.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | 25% | style="text-align:right;" | 6,105 |- | {{flag|Anguilla}} ([[Demographics of Anguilla|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 15,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 90.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 3% | style="text-align:right;" | 87% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}} ([[Demographics of Antigua and Barbuda|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 66,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 74.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 10% | style="text-align:right;" | 64% | style="text-align:right;" | 19,964 |- | {{flag|Argentina}} ([[Christianity in Argentina|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 37,561,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 92.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 90% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 12,034 |- | {{flag|Armenia}} ([[Christianity in Armenia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,250,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 98.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 3% | style="text-align:right;" | 95% | style="text-align:right;" | 6,645 |- | {{flag|Aruba}} ([[Demographics of Aruba|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 98,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 90.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 80.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 7.8% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Australia}} ([[Christianity in Australia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 14,000,990 | style="text-align:center;" | 61.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 25.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 37% | style="text-align:right;" | 44,462 |- | {{flag|Austria}} ([[Religion in Austria|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,970,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 83.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 73.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 4.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 43,324 |- | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} ([[Christianity in Azerbaijan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 450,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 4.8% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 4.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 10,624 |- | {{flag|Bahamas}} ([[Religion in the Bahamas|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 350,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 96.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 13.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 67.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 31,629 |- | {{flag|Bahrain}} ([[Christianity in Bahrain|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 77,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 9.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 9.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 23,886 |- | {{flag|Bangladesh}} ([[Christianity in Bangladesh|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 420,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.3% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 1,883 |- | {{flag|Barbados}} ([[Religion in Barbados|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 244,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 95.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 4.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 70% | style="text-align:right;" | 18,805 |- | {{flag|Belarus}} ([[Christianity in Belarus|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 5,265,109 | style="text-align:center;" | 55.4%<ref name=mfa>{{cite web|title=Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus|url=http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus|accessdate=17 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014085840/http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf|archivedate=2017-10-14}}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" | 7.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 48.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 15,579 |- | {{flag|Belgium}} ([[Religion in Belgium|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,860,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 64.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 57% | style="text-align:right;" | 7% | style="text-align:right;" | 38,884 |- | {{flag|Belize}} ([[Religion in Belize|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 247,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 76.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 40% | style="text-align:right;" | 36.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 7,529 |- | {{flag|Benin}} ([[Christianity in Benin|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,943,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 42.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 27% | style="text-align:right;" | 15% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,583 |- | {{flag|Bermuda}} ([[Demographics of Bermuda|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 44,004 | style="text-align:center;" | 64.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 15% | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Bhutan}} ([[Christianity in Bhutan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 7,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 1.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 6,699 |- | {{flag|Bolivia}} ([[Religion in Bolivia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 9,730,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 81.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 13% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,281 |- | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} ([[Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 2,120,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 52.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 36% | style="text-align:right;" | 15% | style="text-align:right;" | 9,235 |- | {{flag|Botswana}} ([[Christianity in Botswana|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,416,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 71.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 66% | style="text-align:right;" | 16,986 |- | {{flag|Brazil}} ([[Religion in Brazil|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 175,770,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 90.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 63% | style="text-align:right;" | 27% | style="text-align:right;" | 11,909 |- | {{flag|British Virgin Islands}} ([[Demographics of the British Virgin Islands|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 23,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 96.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 85% | style="text-align:right;" | 9% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Brunei}} ([[Christianity in Brunei|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 45,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 11.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 53,348 |- | {{flag|Bulgaria}} ([[Religion in Bulgaria|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,364,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 84.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 83% | style="text-align:right;" | 15,933 |- | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} ([[Christianity in Burkina Faso|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,746,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 23.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 18% | style="text-align:right;" | 4% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,513 |- | {{flag|Burundi}} ([[Christianity in Burundi|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 7,662,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 75.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 60% | style="text-align:right;" | 15% | style="text-align:right;" | 560 |- | {{flag|Cambodia}} ([[Christianity in Cambodia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 148,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 1.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.15% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.85% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,494 |- | {{flag|Cameroon}} ([[Religion in Cameroon|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 13,390,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 69.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 38.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 26.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,324 |- | {{flag|Canada}} ([[Christianity in Canada|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 22,102,700 | style="text-align:center;" | 67.3%<ref name="religion2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/daily-quotidien/130508/dq130508b-eng.htm?HPA |title=Religions in Canada—Census 2011 |publisher=Statistics Canada/Statistique Canada}}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" | 38.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 17.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 42,693 |- | {{flag|Cape Verde}} ([[Christianity in Cape Verde|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 487,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 95.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 93% | style="text-align:right;" | 4% | style="text-align:right;" | 4,430 |- | {{flag|Cayman Islands}} ([[Demographics of the Cayman Islands|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 42,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 73.8% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Central African Republic}} ([[Religion in the Central African Republic|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 2,302,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 80% | style="text-align:right;" | 29% | style="text-align:right;" | 51% | style="text-align:right;" | 857 |- | {{flag|Chad}} ([[Religion in Chad|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,833,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 34.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 20% | style="text-align:right;" | 15% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,493 |- | {{flag|Chile}} ([[Religion in Chile|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 14,930,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 87.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 67% | style="text-align:right;" | 20% | style="text-align:right;" | 22,655 |- | {{flag|People's Republic of China}} ([[Christianity in China|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 67,070,000<ref name="pewforum.org">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Christian/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2014-04-19 |archive-date=2013-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723134849/http://www.pewforum.org/uploadedFiles/Topics/Religious_Affiliation/Christian/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 4% | style="text-align:right;" | 9,233 |- | {{flag|Colombia}} ([[Christianity in Colombia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 44,502,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 90% | style="text-align:right;" | 7.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 10,587 |- | {{flag|Comoros}} ([[Christianity in Comoros|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 15,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.25% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,230 |- | {{flag|Cook Islands}} ([[Demographics of the Cook Islands|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 19,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 16.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 69.6% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Congo, Republic of}} ([[Demographics of the Republic of the Congo|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,409,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 90.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | 40% | style="text-align:right;" | 4,426 |- | {{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of}} ([[Christianity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 63,150,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 95.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | 42% | style="text-align:right;" | 422 |- | {{flag|Costa Rica}} ([[Religion in Costa Rica|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,912,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 84.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 90.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 3.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 12,943 |- | {{flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} ([[Demographics of Côte d'Ivoire|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 7,075,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 32.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 90.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 3.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,039 |- | {{flag|Croatia}} ([[Religion in Croatia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 4,107,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 92.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 70% | style="text-align:right;" | 20% | style="text-align:right;" | 20,532 |- | {{flag|Cuba}} ([[Christianity in Cuba|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 9,523,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 85.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 85% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Cyprus}} ([[Religion in Cyprus|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 863,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 79.3% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 75% | style="text-align:right;" | 30,597 |- | {{flag|Czech Republic}} ([[Religion in the Czech Republic|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,175,091 | style="text-align:center;" | 11.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 10.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 26,426 |- | {{flag|Denmark}} ([[Religion in Denmark|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 4,610,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 83.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 80% | style="text-align:right;" | 41,388 |- | {{flag|Djibouti}} ([[Christianity in Djibouti|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 53,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 6.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,784 |- | {{flag|Dominica}} ([[Religion in Dominica|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 59,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 88.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 61% | style="text-align:right;" | 27% | style="text-align:right;" | 12,643 |- | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} ([[Religion in Dominican Republic|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 9,734,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 95.2% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 10,204 |- | {{flag|East Timor}} ([[Religion in East Timor|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,152,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 98.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 98% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Ecuador}} ([[Religion in Ecuador|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 14,099,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 99.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 80% | style="text-align:right;" | 20% | style="text-align:right;" | 9,738 |- | {{flag|Egypt}} ([[Christianity in Egypt|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" |13,892,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 18.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 18% | style="text-align:right;" | 6,723 |- | {{flag|El Salvador}} ([[Religion in El Salvador|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 5,073,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 81.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 52.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 29.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 7,069 |- | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} ([[Demographics of Equatorial Guinea|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 683,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 98.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 98% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 30,233 |- | {{flag|Eritrea}} ([[Christianity in Eritrea|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,310,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 62.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 60% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 566 |- | {{flag|Estonia}} ([[Religion in Estonia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 310,481 | style="text-align:center;" | 23.9% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 23% | style="text-align:right;" | 23,024 |- | {{flag|Ethiopia}} ([[Christianity in Ethiopia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 52,580,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 63.4% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 63.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,139 |- | {{flag|Falkland Islands}} ([[Falkland Islanders|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.3% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 94% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Faroe Islands}} ([[Faroese religion|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 46,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 94% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Fiji}} ([[Religion in Fiji|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 540,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 64.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 8.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 55.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 4,943 |- | {{flag|Finland}} ([[Religion in Finland|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 4,380,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 81.6% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 81% | style="text-align:right;" | 38,230 |- | {{flag|France}} ([[Religion in France|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 39,656,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 63% | style="text-align:right;" | 63% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 35,845 |- | {{flag|Gabon}} ([[Religion in Gabon|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,081,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 72.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | 22% | style="text-align:right;" | 16,086 |- | {{flag|Gambia}} ([[Religion in the Gambia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 158,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 9.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 7% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,948 |- | {{flag|Georgia}} ([[Religion in Georgia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,930,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 88.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 87.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,902 |- | {{flag|Germany}} ([[Religion in Germany|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 58,240,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 70.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 30% | style="text-align:right;" | 40% | style="text-align:right;" | 40,394 |- | {{flag|Ghana}} ([[Religion in Ghana|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 16,741,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 68.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 13.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 55.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,048 |- | {{flag|Greece}} ([[Demographics of Greece|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 10,208,586 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.5% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 94% | style="text-align:right;" | 24,667 |- | {{flag|Greenland}} ([[Demographics of Greenland|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 55,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 96.6% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 96.6% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Grenada}} ([[Demographics of Grenada|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 101,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 53% | style="text-align:right;" | 45% | style="text-align:right;" | 10,827 |- | {{flag|Guatemala}} ([[Religion in Guatemala|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 14,018,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 60% | style="text-align:right;" | 40% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,100 |- | {{flag|Guinea}} ([[Demographics of Guinea|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,032,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 10.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,069 |- | {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} ([[Christianity in Guinea-Bissau|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 165,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 10.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 10% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,192 | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Guyana}} ([[Religion in Guyana|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 434,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 57.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 8% | style="text-align:right;" | 49% | style="text-align:right;" | 3,399 |- | {{flag|Haiti}} ([[Christianity in Haiti|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 8,527,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 83.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 68.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 15% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,228 |- | {{flag|Honduras}} ([[Religion in Honduras|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,660,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 87.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 47% | style="text-align:right;" | 40% | style="text-align:right;" | 4,194 |- | {{flag|Hong Kong}} ([[Christianity in Hong Kong|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 710,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 10.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 51,946 |- | {{flag|Hungary}} ([[Religion in Hungary|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 8,260,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 82.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 11.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 70.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 21,570 |- | {{flag|Iceland}} ([[Religion in Iceland|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 300,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 95.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 2.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 92.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 37,533 |- | {{flag|India}} ([[Christianity in India|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 31,850,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 2.6% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 3,876 |- | {{flag|Indonesia}}<ref name="PewDec2011" /> ([[Christianity in Indonesia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 21,160,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 8.8% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 4,956 |- | {{flag|Iran}} ([[Christianity in Iran|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 300,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.4% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 0.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 11,395 |- | {{flag|Iraq}} ([[Christianity in Iraq|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 944,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 3.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 3% | style="text-align:right;" | 4,246 |- | {{flag|Ireland}} ([[Christianity in Ireland|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 4,220,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 82% | style="text-align:right;" | 12% | style="text-align:right;" | 42,662 |- | {{flag|Israeli}} ([[Christianity in Israel|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 266,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 3.5% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 3.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 28,809 |- | {{flag|Italy}} ([[Christianity in Italy|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 53,230,000<ref>See: http://www.istat.it/it/popolazione {{Wayback|url=http://www.istat.it/it/popolazione |date=20160605065128 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 85.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 85.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 32,512 |- | {{flag|Jamaica}} ([[Religion in Jamaica|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,784,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 65.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 63.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 7,083 |- | {{flag|Japan}} ([[Christianity in Japan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,548,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 35,204 |- | {{flag|Jordan}} ([[Christianity in Jordan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 388,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 6.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 6,148 |- | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} ([[Christianity in Kazakhstan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 8,152,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 51.0% | style="text-align:right;" |0.16 | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | 13,892 |- | {{flag|Kenya}} ([[Religion in Kenya|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 34,774,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 85.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 23.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 61.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,761 |- | {{flag|Korea, North}} ([[Christianity in North Korea|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 480,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 4.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Korea, South}} ([[Christianity in South Korea|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 14,601,297 | style="text-align:center;" | 29.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 10.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 18.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 30,722 |- | {{flag|Kuwait}} ([[Christianity in Kuwait|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 458,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 15.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 3.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 12.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 49,001 |- | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} ([[Demographics of Kyrgyzstan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 944,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 17.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 17% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,409 |- | {{flag|Laos}} ([[Christianity in Laos|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 145,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,926 |- | {{flag|Latvia}} ([[Religion in Latvia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,250,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 55.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 25% | style="text-align:right;" | 32.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 21,005 |- | {{flag|Lebanon}} ([[Christianity in Lebanon|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,647,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 39.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 25% | style="text-align:right;" | 14% | style="text-align:right;" | 14,610 |- | {{flag|Lesotho}} ([[Religion in Lesotho|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,876,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 90.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 45% | style="text-align:right;" | 45% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,963 |- | {{flag|Liberia}} ([[Religion in Liberia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,391,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 85.5%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148698.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2010: Liberia |work=United States Department of State |date=November 17, 2010 |accessdate=July 22, 2011}}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 85.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 655 |- | {{flag|Libya}} ([[Christianity in Libya|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 131,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 1.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 17,665 |- | {{flag|Liechtenstein}} ([[Demographics of Liechtenstein|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 30,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 91.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 79.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 12.8% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Lithuania}} ([[Religion in Lithuania|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 2,827,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 84.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 77.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 7.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 23,487 |- | {{flag|Luxembourg}} ([[Religion in Luxembourg|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 360,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 70.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 70% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 88,318 |- | {{flag|Macedonia, Republic of}} ([[Christianity in the Republic of Macedonia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,334,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 65.1% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 11,710 |- | {{flag|Madagascar}} ([[Religion in Madagascar|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 8,260,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 41.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 978 |- | {{flag|Malawi}} ([[Demographics of Malawi|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 12,538,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 79.9% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 902 |- | {{flag|Malaysia}} ([[Christianity in Malaysia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,576,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 12.1% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 17,143 |- | {{flag|Maldives}} ([[Demographics of Maldives|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 300 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.08% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 9,072 |- | {{flag|Mali}} ([[Religion in Mali|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 726,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 5.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 1,214 |- | {{flag|Malta}} ([[Christianity in Malta|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 400,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 29,013 |- | {{flag|Mauritania}} ([[Christianity in Mauritania|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 5,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.14% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 2,603 |- | {{flag|Mauritius}} ([[Demographics of Mauritius|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 418,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 32.2% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 15,649 |- | {{flag|Mexico}} ([[Religion in Mexico|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 107,780,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 92% | style="text-align:right;" | 82.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 9.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 16,676 |- | {{flag|Micronesia, Federated States of}} ([[Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 106,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 95.4% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 3,824 |- | {{flag|Moldova}} ([[Religion in Moldova|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,480,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.53% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 93% | style="text-align:right;" | 3,424 |- | {{flag|Monaco}} ([[Demographics of Monaco|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 30,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 86.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Mongolia}} ([[Christianity in Mongolia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 58,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.1% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 5,462 |- | {{flag|Montenegro}} ([[Christianity in Montenegro|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 500,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 78.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 3.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 72.07% | style="text-align:right;" | 14,206 |- | {{flag|Morocco}} ([[Christianity in Morocco|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 651,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,193 |- | {{flag|Mozambique}} ([[Religion in Mozambique|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 13,120,717 | style="text-align:center;" | 56.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 28.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 27.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,024 |- | {{flag|Myanmar}} ([[Christianity in Myanmar|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,790,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 7.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 6.9% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Namibia}} ([[Religion in Namibia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,991,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 90.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 13.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 76.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 7,488 |- | {{flag|Nepal}} ([[Christianity in Nepal|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 269,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,484 |- | {{flag|Netherlands}} ([[Religion in the Netherlands|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 8,500,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 51.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 30% | style="text-align:right;" | 21% | style="text-align:right;" | 42,938 |- | {{flag|New Zealand}} ([[Christianity in New Zealand|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 2,475,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 55.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 28.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 24.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 31,499 |- | {{flag|Nicaragua}} ([[Religion in Nicaragua|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 5,217,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 89.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 58.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 30.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 4,072 |- | {{flag|Niger}} ([[Christianity in Niger|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 795,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 5.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 665 |- | {{flag|Nigeria}} ([[Christianity in Nigeria|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 80,510,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 50.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 37.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 20% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,661 |- | {{flag|Norway}} ([[Christianity in Norway|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 4,210,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 86.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 3% | style="text-align:right;" | 83.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 62,767 |- | {{flag|Oman}} ([[Christianity in Oman|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 73,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 2.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 27,015 |- | {{flag|Pakistan}} ([[Christianity in Pakistan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 5,327,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 1.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,891 |- | {{flag|Palau}} ([[Religion in Palau|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 16,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 77.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 65% | style="text-align:right;" | 12.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 19,031 |- | {{flag|Panama}} ([[Christianity in Panama|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,057,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 92.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 80% | style="text-align:right;" | 12% | style="text-align:right;" | 16,615 |- | {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} ([[Religion in Papua New Guinea|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,800,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 99.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 27% | style="text-align:right;" | 70% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,898 |- | {{flag|Paraguay}} ([[Religion in Paraguay|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,260,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 96.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 89% | style="text-align:right;" | 7.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 6,138 |- | {{flag|Peru}} ([[Religion in Peru|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 27,635,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 93.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 93.8% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 10,940 |- | {{flag|Philippines}} ([[Christianity in The Philippines|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 86,790,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 93.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 80.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 13% | style="text-align:right;" | 4,413 |- | {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} ([[Demographics of the Pitcairn Islands|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 50 | style="text-align:center;" | 100.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 100% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Poland}} ([[Religion in Poland|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 36,090,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 86.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 8% | style="text-align:right;" | 21,903 |- | {{flag|Portugal}} ([[Religion in Portugal|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 10,110,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://features.pewforum.org/global-christianity/map.php#/Portugal,ALL|title=Global Christianity Interactive&nbsp;– Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life|date=19 December 2011|accessdate=27 June 2012|archivedate=2014-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719204928/http://features.pewforum.org/global-christianity/map.php#/Portugal,ALL}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 94.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 81% | style="text-align:right;" | 14.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 25,305 |- | {{flag|Puerto Rico}} ([[Demographics of Puerto Rico|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,878,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | 47% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Qatar}} ([[Demographics of Qatar|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 262,675 | style="text-align:center;" | 13.8% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 86,507 |- | {{flag|Romania}} ([[Religion in Romania|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 21,380,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 99.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 5.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 93.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 16,518 |- | {{flag|Russia}} ([[Christianity in Russia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 66,000,000-105,775,000<ref>[http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population]. December 19, 2011 Pew Research Center</ref><ref>[http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365 «ВЕРИМ ЛИ МЫ В БОГА?»] {{Wayback|url=http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365 |date=20200929201730 }}.2010 VTSIOM</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 46.6%<ref name="sreda.org">[http://sreda.org/arena Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia]. 2012 National Survey of Religions in Russia. Sreda.org</ref>-76%<ref name="sreda.org"/><ref name=USgov>''US State Department Religious Freedom Report on Russia, 2006''</ref><ref>[http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman В России 74% православных и 7% мусульман] {{Wayback|url=http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman |date=20121231020830 }}. 2012 Levada Center</ref><ref>[http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953 Ценности: религиозность]. June 2013 Public Opinion Foundation</ref> | style="text-align:right;" | <0.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 46.6%-76% | style="text-align:right;" | 23,549 |- | {{flag|Rwanda}} ([[Religion in Rwanda|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 9,619,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 93.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 56.9 | style="text-align:right;" | 26 | style="text-align:right;" | 1,354 |- | {{flag|San Marino}} ([[Demographics of San Marino|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 31,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 97% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} ([[Christianity in Saudi Arabia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,493,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 5.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 3.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 24,571 |- | {{flag|Senegal}} ([[Demographics of Senegal|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 900,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 7.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 4.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 3% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,944 |- | {{flag|Serbia}} ([[Religion in Serbia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 7,260,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 93.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 4.97% | style="text-align:right;" | 79.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 11,544 |- | {{flag|Seychelles}} ([[Religion in Seychelles|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 80,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 94.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 82% | style="text-align:right;" | 15.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 27,008 |- | {{flag|Sierra Leone}} ([[Demographics of Sierra Leone|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,751,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 30.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 3% | style="text-align:right;" | 27% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,359 |- | {{flag|Singapore}} ([[Christianity in Singapore|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 900,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 18.0%[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/news/news/press12012011.pdf] {{Wayback|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/news/news/press12012011.pdf |date=20110124160522 }} | style="text-align:right;" | 5.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 12% | style="text-align:right;" | 61,803 |- | {{flag|Slovakia}} ([[Religion in Slovakia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 4,730,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 86.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 75.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 11.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 24,896 |- | {{flag|Slovenia}} ([[Religion in Slovenia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,610,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 79.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 57% | style="text-align:right;" | 22.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 26,801 |- | {{flag|Somalia}} ([[Christianity in Somalia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.anglicanplanet.net/international-news/2009/11/30/almost-expunged-somalias-embattled-christians.html|title=Almost expunged: Somalia's Embattled Christians|date=2009-10-22|accessdate=2009-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723014244/http://www.anglicanplanet.net/international-news/2009/11/30/almost-expunged-somalias-embattled-christians.html|archivedate=2011-07-23}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 0.0102% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.0002% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.0100% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|South Africa}} ([[Religion in South Africa|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 40,243,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 81.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 5% | style="text-align:right;" | 75% | style="text-align:right;" | 11,440 |- | {{flag|South Sudan}} ([[Religion in South Sudan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,010,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-number.php |title=2012 Pew Forum on Religion |accessdate=2014-04-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221010333/http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-number.php |archivedate=2012-12-21 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 60.5%<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-percentage.php |title=Pew Forum on Religion |accessdate=2014-04-19 |archivedate=2013-11-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131116005320/http://features.pewforum.org/grl/population-percentage.php }}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" | 30% | style="text-align:right;" | 30% | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Spain}} ([[Religion in Spain|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 36,240,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 78.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 78.6% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 32,129 |- | {{flag|Sri Lanka}} ([[Christianity in Sri Lanka|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,531,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 7.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 6.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 1.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 6,247 |- | {{flag|Sudan}} ([[Christianity in Sudan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,062,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 9.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 9.6% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Suriname}} ([[Religion in Suriname|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 308,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 50.3% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 8,858 |- | {{flag|Swaziland}} ([[Religion in Swaziland|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 994,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 82.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 25% | style="text-align:right;" | 57.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,246 |- | {{flag|Sweden}} ([[Religion in Sweden|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,320,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 67.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 65% | style="text-align:right;" | 42,217 |- | {{flag|Switzerland}} ([[Religion in Switzerland|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 6,350,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 82.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 37.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 36.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,246 |- | {{flag|Syria}} ([[Christianity in Syria|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 2,251,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 10.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 10% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,436 |- | {{flag|Tajikistan}} ([[Christianity in Tajikistan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 99,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 1.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.1% | style="text-align:right;" | 1.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 2,247 |- | {{flag|Tanzania}} ([[Christianity in Tanzania|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 27,118,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 62.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 1,601 |- | {{flag|Thailand}} ([[Christianity in Thailand|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 471,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 9,815 |- | {{flag|Togo}} ([[Demographics of Togo|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 1,966,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 29.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 1,051 |- | {{flag|Tonga}} ([[Religion in Tonga|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 84,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 81.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 16% | style="text-align:right;" | 65% | style="text-align:right;" | 5,026 |- | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} ([[Religion in Trinidad and Tobago|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 774,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 57.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 21.5% | style="text-align:right;" | 33.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 26,647 |- | {{flag|Tunisia}} ([[Christianity in Tunisia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 24,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.2% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 0.2% | style="text-align:right;" | 9,795 |- | {{flag|Turkey}} ([[Christianity in Turkey|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 120,000<ref name="Zaman">{{cite web |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=161291 |title=Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey |work=Today's Zaman |date=15 December 2008 |accessdate=16 May 2011 |archivedate=2011-05-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520084230/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=161291 }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 0.02% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 0.02% | style="text-align:right;" | 17,651 |- | {{flag|Turkmenistan}} ([[Christianity in Turkmenistan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 466,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 9.0% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 9% | style="text-align:right;" | 10,583 |- | {{flag|Uganda}} ([[Religion in Uganda|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 29,943,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 88.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 41.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 46.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 1,352 |- | {{flag|Ukraine}} ([[Christianity in Ukraine|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 38,080,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 83.8% | style="text-align:right;" | 5.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 76.7% | style="text-align:right;" | 7,418 |- | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} ([[Christianity in the United Arab Emirates|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 424,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 9.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 7% | style="text-align:right;" | 2% | style="text-align:right;" | 42,384 |- | {{flag|United Kingdom}} ([[Religion in the United Kingdom|details]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/index.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2014-04-19 |archive-date=2016-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206170209/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" | 33,200,417 | style="text-align:center;" | 59.3% | style="text-align:right;" | 8.9% | style="text-align:right;" | 50% | style="text-align:right;" | 35,819 |- | {{flag|United States}} ([[Christianity in the United States|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 246,780,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 73% | style="text-align:right;" | 22% | style="text-align:right;" | 51% | style="text-align:right;" | 49,965 |- | {{flag|Uruguay}} ([[Religion in Uruguay|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 2,127,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 58.4% | style="text-align:right;" | 47% | style="text-align:right;" | 11% | style="text-align:right;" | 16,037 |- | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} ([[Christianity in Uzbekistan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 710,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 2.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 2.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 3,591 |- b | {{flag|Vatican City}} ([[Christianity in Vatican City|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 836 | style="text-align:center;" | 100.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 100% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Venezuela}} ([[Religion in Venezuela|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 28,340,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 98.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 92% | style="text-align:right;" | 8% | style="text-align:right;" | 13,475 |- | {{flag|Vietnam}} ([[Christianity in Vietnam|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 7,03,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 8.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 7% | style="text-align:right;" | 1% | style="text-align:right;" | 3,635 |- | {{flag|Western Sahara}} ([[Christianity in Western Sahara|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 200 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.039% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.039% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | |- | {{flag|Yemen}} ([[Christianity in Yemen|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 3,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 0.013% | style="text-align:right;" | 0.013% | style="text-align:right;" | | style="text-align:right;" | 2,489 |- | {{flag|Zambia}} ([[Religion in Zambia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 12,939,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 97.6% | style="text-align:right;" | 25% | style="text-align:right;" | 72% | style="text-align:right;" | 1712 |- | {{flag|Zimbabwe}} ([[Religion in Zimbabwe|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 10,747,000 | style="text-align:center;" | 85.0% | style="text-align:right;" | 7% | style="text-align:right;" | 77% | style="text-align:right;" | 559 |- bgcolor="#99FFFF" ! colspan="1" | Total<ref name="PewDec2011" /> ! 2,384,004,733 ! 32.5% ! 18% ! 14% ! - |} ====Nchi zisizokubaliwa na wote==== {| class="wikitable sortable" id="toc" style="width:65%; font-size:100%;" cellspacing="4" |- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" ! Country ! Christians ! % Christian |- | {{flag|Abkhazia}} ([[Christianity in Abkhazia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 130,000 | style="background:#8866EE; text-align:center;" | 68.0% |- | {{flag|Kosovo}} ([[Christianity in Kosovo|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 150,000 | style="background:#EECCEE; text-align:center;" | 8.3% |- | {{flag|Palestine}} ([[Palestinian Christians|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 173,000 | style="background:#EEEEEE; text-align:center;" | 11.1% |- | {{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} ([[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 200 | style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | 0.03% |- | {{flag|South Ossetia}} ([[Demographics of South Ossetia|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 69,000 | style="background:#4444EE; text-align:center;" | 96.4% |- | {{flag|Republic of China}} ([[Religion in Taiwan|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 902,000 | style="background:#EEEEEE; text-align:center;" | 3.9% |- | {{flag|Transnistria}} ([[Religion in Transnistria|details]]) | style="text-align:right;" | 510,000 | style="background:#4444EE; text-align:center;" | 95.0% |} ====Nchi 10 zinazoongoza==== Kushoto: Orodha ya nchi zinazoongoza kwa idadi ya Wakristo. Kulia: Orodha ya nchi zinazoongoza kwa asilimia ya Wakristo kati ya wakazi wote. {| class="wikitable" ! Rank ! Country ! Christians ! % Christian ! Country ! % Christian ! Christians |- | 1 | {{flag|United States}} | 213,000,000 | 65% | {{flag|Vatican City}} | 100.0% | 800 |- | 2 | {{flag|Brazil}} | 175,700,000 | 91.4% | {{flag|Pitcairn Islands}} | 100.0% | 50 |- | 3 | {{flag|Mexico}} | 122,500,000 | 83.6% | {{flag|Greece}} | 99.7% | 11,295,178 |- | 4 | {{flag|Russia}} | 117,640,000 | 93% | {{flag|Ecuador}} | 99.0% | 14,099,000 |- | 5 | {{flag|Philippines}} | 110,644,000 | 85% | {{flag|Armenia}} | 98.7% | 3,196,000 |- | 6 | {{flag|Nigeria}} | 92,281,000 | 52.8% | {{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} | 98.6% | 683,000 |- | 7 | {{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of}} | 68,558,000 | 95.6% | {{flag|East Timor}} | 98.4% | 1,152,000 |- | 8 | {{flag|Ethiopia}} | 54,978,000 | 64.5% | {{flag|Moldova}} | 98.3% | 3,503,000 |- | 9 | {{flag|Italy}} | 54,070,000 | 91.5% | {{flag|American Samoa}} | 98.3% | 68,000 |- | 10 | {{flag|Germany}} | 47,200,000 | 57.3% | {{flag|Venezuela}} | 98.0% | 28,340,000 |- |} {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} =====Nchi zinazoongoza kwa asilimia kati ya zile zenye Wakristo walau milioni 10===== {| class="sortable" border="1" ! Rank ! Country ! % Christian ! Christians |- | 1 | {{flag|Greece}} | 99.7% | 11,295,178 |- | 2 | {{flag|Ecuador}} | 99.0% | 14,099,000 |- | 3 | {{flag|Venezuela}} | 98.0% | 28,340,000 |- | 4 | {{flag|Colombia}} | 97.6% | 44,502,000 |- | 5 | {{flag|Zambia}} | 97.6% | 12,939,000 |- | 6 | {{flag|Romania}} | 99.5% | 20,930,000 |- | 7 | {{flag|Guatemala}} | 97.5% | 14,018,000 |- | 8 | {{flag|Poland}} | 95.7% | 36,526,000 |- | 9 | {{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of}} | 95.6% | 68,558,000 |- | 10 | {{flag|Mexico}} | 97.5% | 107,095,000 |} {{col-end}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Percent (%) Christians ! Number of countries ! Population |- | 100 | 2 | 850 |- | 90 - 99 | 50 | 824,568,000 |- | 80 - 89 | 27 | 227,790,200 |- | 70 - 79 | 20 | 599,319,000 |- | 60 - 69 | 11 | 177,608,000 |- | 50 - 59 | 16 | 132,349,929 |- | 40 - 49 | 3 | 13,594,000 |- | 30 - 39 | 6 | 15,497,000 |- | 20 - 29 | 5 | 23,657,000 |- | 10 - 19 | 10 | 43,409,000 |- | 1 - 9 | 34 | 124,755,000 |- | - 1 | 13 | 1,823,750 |} ==Tazama pia== {{commons|Churches by Country}} * [[Waprotestanti nchi kwa nchi]] * [[Wakatoliki nchi kwa nchi]] * [[Waorthodoksi nchi kwa nchi]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Ukristo nchi kwa nchi| ]] mpt679e8di7u25btadmph3jj2d1ille 0 72508 1540741 1528676 2026-05-12T04:56:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fountain of Eternal Life crop.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Fountain of Eternal Life]]'' huko [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], [[Marekani]]. Inamaanisha "Binadamu kuinuka juu ya [[kifo]], akimuelekea Mungu na [[Amani]]".<ref name="GVCM">{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandvetsmemorial.org/GCVM_History.html|title=GCVM History and Mission|accessdate=2009-01-14|publisher=Greater Cleveland Veteran's Memorial, Inc.|year=2003|author=Marshall Fredericks|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216170723/http://www.clevelandvetsmemorial.org/GCVM_History.html|archivedate=2009-02-16}}</ref>]] '''Uzima wa milele''' ni hali ya kuishi bila mwisho.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/immortality?region=us |title=Oxford English Dictionary "Immortality" |accessdate=2014-09-18 |archivedate=2020-05-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531013557/https://languages.oup.com/ }}</ref> [[Biolojia]] inaonyesha kuwa [[uhai]] wa [[mwili]] una mipaka, wala [[sayansi]] na [[teknolojia]] hazijaweza kuivuka. Hata hivyo, toka zamani [[binadamu]] ameonyesha kwa njia nyingi [[hamu]] ya kuendelea kuishi kwa namna moja au nyingine. [[Utenzi wa Gilgamesh]], kimoja kati ya [[vitabu]] vya kwanza vya [[fasihi andishi]] ([[karne ya 22 KK]] hivi), kinasimulia habari za [[mtu]] aliyetaka kuishi [[milele]].<ref name="Garreau">{{cite journal |author=Joel Garreau |authorlink=Joel Garreau |title=The Invincible Man |date=October 31, 2007 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/30/AR2007103002222_pf.html |pages=C01 |journal=The Washington Post}}</ref> ==Katika dini mbalimbali== Katika [[dini]] mbalimbali, [[uzima]] wa milele unatarajiwa kutoka kwa [[Mwenyezi Mungu]] (au [[miungu]]) kama [[tuzo]] kwa matu aliyefuata [[uadilifu]] wakati wa kuishi [[dunia]]ni. ==Katika Ukristo== Neno “uzima wa milele” ni adimu katika [[Agano la Kale]], ambamo yote yanaelekea ujio wa [[Mwokozi]] aliyeahidiwa. Kumbe katika mahubiri ya Yesu yote yanaelekea moja kwa moja uzima wa milele. Tukizingatia kwa makini maneno yake tutaona jinsi uzima huo ulivyo tofauti na maisha yajayo yaliyozungumziwa na [[wanafalsafa]] bora (k.mf. [[Plato]]) kama hali ya [[maumbile|kimaumbile]] tu na isiyo ya hakika. Mwokozi anaongelea kwa hakika uzima wa milele, bora, usio na jana, leo wala kesho, unaopita maumbile na usiopimika, kama ule wa ndani ya Mungu, kwa kuwa unashiriki umilele wake usiobadilika. Uzima wa milele ndio [[ahadi]] kuu ya [[Yesu]] kwa wafuasi wake, hasa kadiri ya [[Injili ya Yohane]]. Sura ya 17 ya [[Injili]] hiyo inafafanua uzima wa milele kuwa [[uhusiano]] na [[Mungu]] na [[Yesu Kristo]] mwenyewe. Kwa ahadi hiyo, sisi wanyonge tunaweza kushiriki uzima wa milele wa Mungu: hapa [[duniani]] katika [[mwanga]] hafifu wa [[imani]], na kisha [[Mauti|kufa]] katika [[uangavu]] wa [[utukufu]] usiofifia kamwe. Kwa kuwa lengo la [[Mungu Baba|Baba]] ni kwamba tuungane na Yesu [[Mungu Mwana|Mwanae]] kwa [[uwezo]] wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]] ili tuwe na utukufu wake. “Na uzima wa milele ndio huu, Wakujue wewe, Mungu wa pekee wa kweli, na Yesu Kristo uliyemtuma” (Yoh 17:3). “Kwa kuwa uweza wake wa Uungu umetukirimia vitu vyote vipasavyo uzima na utauwa, kwa kumjua yeye aliyetuita kwa utukufu wake na wema wake mwenyewe. Tena kwa hayo ametukirimia ahadi kubwa mno, za thamani, ili kwamba kwa hizo mpate kuwa washirika wa tabia ya Uungu, mkiokolewa na uharibifu uliomo duniani kwa sababu ya tamaa” ([[2Pet]] 1:3-4). Sisi tuliobatizwa tunaitwa “wana wa Mungu; na ndivyo tulivyo!” ([[1Yoh]] 3:1). Kwa sababu tumesadiki kwamba “Mungu ni upendo” (1Yoh 4:8) na kwamba “hakuna lisilowezekana kwa Bwana” ([[Lk]] 1:37). “Na kwa kuwa ninyi mmekuwa wana, Mungu alimtuma Roho wa Mwanawe mioyoni mwetu, aliaye, ‘Aba!’ yaani, ‘Baba!’ Kama ni hivyo, wewe si mtumwa tena bali u mwana; na kama u mwana, basi, u mrithi kwa Mungu” ([[Gal]] 4:6-7). Yesu alifundisha kuwa “njia imesonga iendayo uzimani” (Math 7:14) na kuwa tukitaka kuupata ni lazima tuache [[dhambi]] na kushika [[amri za Mungu]] (taz. [[Math]] 19:17). Mara kadhaa alisema kuwa anayemwamini “yuna uzima wa milele” (Yoh 5:24; 6:40,47), maana yake anayemsadiki kuwa Mwana wa Mungu kwa imani hai, inayoambatana na [[upendo]] na utekelezaji wa amri, ameshaanza kuwa na uzima wa milele. Ndivyo alivyosema tangu aanze kuhubiri, “Heri walio maskini wa roho, maana ufalme wa mbinguni ni wao... Heri wenye njaa na kiu ya haki, maana hao watashibishwa... Heri wenye moyo safi, maana hao watamwona Mungu” (Math 5:3,6,8). Uzima wa milele ni kushiba huko na kumuona Mungu katika ufalme wake. Kwa namna ya pekee, wanaoteswa kwa kufanya atakavyo Mungu wanaambiwa, “Furahini na kushangilia, kwa kuwa thawabu yenu ni kubwa mbinguni” (Math 5:12). Yesu akajieleza zaidi kabla ya mateso yake aliposema, “Baba... ulimpa Mwanao mamlaka juu ya wote wenye mwili, ili kwamba wote uliompa awape uzima wa milele. Na uzima wa milele ndio huu: wakujue wewe, Mungu wa pekee wa kweli, na Yesu Kristo uliyemtuma” (Yoh 17:1-3). “Wapenzi, sasa tu wana wa Mungu, wala haijadhihirika bado tutakavyokuwa; lakini twajua ya kuwa atakapodhihirishwa, tutafanana naye, kwa maana tutamwona kama alivyo” (1Yoh 3:2), yaani si kwa kuzingatia mng'ao wa sifa zake katika [[viumbe]] (vile vinavyoonekana, pamoja na roho za watakatifu zinazojitokeza katika maneno na matendo yao), bali moja kwa moja jinsi alivyo. “Wakati wa sasa tunaona kwa kioo kwa jinsi ya fumbo; wakati ule tutaona uso kwa uso; wakati wa sasa nafahamu kwa sehemu; wakati ule nitajua sana kama mimi nami ninavyojuliwa sana” ([[1Kor]] 13:12). Mtume Paulo hakusema nitamjua ninavyojijua mpaka ndani; kwa sababu najifahamu kuliko wengine, lakini mimi pia sielewi yote niliyonayo ndani, k.mf. siwezi kupima uzito wote wa dhambi zangu. Mungu tu ananijua fika: yeye tu anaelewa kikamilifu [[siri]] za [[moyo]] wangu. [[Mbinguni]] nitamjua anavyonijua, moja kwa moja, pasipo kupitia kiumbe chochote wala [[wazo]] lolote la kimaumbile, kwa sababu hakuna wazo la namna hiyo linaloweza kumchora Mungu na ukweli wake usio na mipaka. Kila wazo la namna hiyo linazingatia sifa mojawapo ya Mungu (k.mf. wema). Mawazo hayo mbalimbali hayatoshi kutujulisha dhati yake, umoja usiogawanyika kamwe. Mawazo hayo yanahusiana na uzima wake wa ndani kama vile rangi saba za upinde wa mvua zinavyohusiana na mwanga mweupe ambao zinatokana nao. Hapa duniani sisi ni kama tumeona hizo rangi saba na sasa tunatamani kuona huo mwanga mweupe unaozisababisha. Kabla hatujaona umungu wenyewe hatuwezi kuona ulinganifu wa dhati wa sifa zake, hasa huruma isiyo na mipaka na haki isiyo na mipaka. Mawazo yetu kuhusu sifa za Mungu ni vipande tu vya sura nzima, ambavyo vinaleta picha ya Mungu isiyopendeza vya kutosha. Tukifikiria haki yake, inaonekana ni kali mno, na tukifikiria upendeleo wa huruma yake unaonekana kwenda kinyume cha haki. Tukitafakari zaidi tunakiri kuwa ndani ya Mungu haki na huruma ni kitu kimoja, hazitofautiani kweli. Tunaungama hivyo kwa hakika, lakini hatujaona ulinganifu wa dhati wa sifa hizo, kwa kuwa unadai tutazame umungu ulivyo, moja kwa moja, pasipo mawazo ya kimaumbile. Mtazamo huo ndio uzima wa milele. Nani anaweza kueleza ukuu usiopimika wa [[furaha]] na upendo utakaokuwemo ndani mwetu kutokana na mtazamo huo? Upendo wa Mungu wenye nguvu na wa moja kwa moja, hivi kwamba hakuna lolote litakaloweza kuupunguza; kwa upendo huo tutamfurahia hasa Mungu kuwa Mungu, mtakatifu, mwenye [[haki]] na [[huruma]] pasipo mipaka, na tutaabudu mipango yote ya maongozi yake iliyolenga kufunua wema wake. Tutazama katika heri yake, alivyosema Mwokozi, “Vema, mtumwa mwema na uaminifu; ulikuwa mwaminifu kwa machache, nitakuweka juu ya mengi; ingia katika furaha ya bwana wako” (Math 25:21,23). Tutamuona Mungu vile anavyojiona, ingawa hatutaweza kumaliza vilindi vya hali yake, vya upendo wake na vya uweza wake. Pia tutampenda anavyojipenda. Vilevile tutamuona Bwana wetu Yesu Kristo. Ndiyo heri ya milele yenyewe, mbali ya furaha ya ziada tutakayokuwanayo kwa kuwaona na kuwapenda Bikira Maria na watakatifu wote, hasa tuliowafahamu duniani. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Thursday's Fictions |last=Allen |first=Richard James |authorlink=Richard James Allen |year=1999 |publisher=Five Islands Press |location=Wollongong |isbn=0-86418-596-0}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Rapture: How Biotech Became the New Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/rapturehowbiotec0000alex |last=Alexander |first=Brian |authorlink=Alexander Bolonkin (author) |year=2003 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-7382-0761-6}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Rapture: Human Immortality and Electronic Civilization|last=Bolonkin |first=Alexander |authorlink=Brian Alexander (author) |year=2010 |publisher=Publish America|isbn= 978-1-4489-3367-9}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality: How Science Is Extending Your Life Span-and Changing the World |last=Bova |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Bova |year=2000 |publisher=New York |location=Avon |isbn=0-380-79318-0}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality: The Quest to Live Forever and How it Drives Civilization |url=https://archive.org/details/immortalityquest0000cave |last=Cave |first=Stephen |year=2012 |publisher=Crown |isbn= 0-307-88491-0}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead? |url=http://www.geocities.com/pastorkeith/cullmann.html |last=Cullmann |first=Oscar |authorlink=Oscar Cullmann |year=1955 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026200705/http://geocities.com/pastorkeith/cullmann.html |archivedate=2009-10-26 |access-date=2014-09-18 |dead-url=yes }} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Greek Resurrection Beliefs and the Success of Christianity |url=https://archive.org/details/greekresurrectio0000ends |last=Endsjø |first=Dag Øistein |authorlink=Dag Øistein Endsjø |year=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn= 0-230-61729-8}} * {{Rejea kitabu |last=de Grey |first=Aubrey |authorlink=Aubrey de Grey |author2=Rae, Michael |title=[[Ending Aging|Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime]] |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |date = September 2007|location=New York, New York |page=416 |isbn=0-312-36706-6}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality |url=https://archive.org/details/immortality0000unse |last=Edwards |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Edwards (philosopher) |year=1997 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=1-57392-130-0}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Immortalist Manifesto: Stay Young & Save the World |last=Elixxir |year=2001 |publisher=Authorhouse Books |isbn=0-7596-5339-9}} * {{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rfreitas.com/Nano/DeathIsAnOutrage.htm |title=Death is an Outrage |accessdate=2008-02-14 |year=2002 |author=Freitas Jr., Robert A. |authorlink=Robert A. Freitas Jr.}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Merchants of Immortality: Chasing the Dream of Human Life Extension |url=https://archive.org/details/merchantsofimmor0000hall |last=Hall |first=Stephen S. |year=2003 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=0-618-09524-1}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Scientific Conquest Of Death |url=https://archive.org/details/scientificconque0000unse |last=Immortality Institute |year=2004 |publisher=Libros En Red |isbn=987-561-135-2}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Forever For All: Moral philosophy, Cryonics, and the Scientific Prospects for Immortality |url=https://archive.org/details/foreverforallmor0000perr_a6x6 |last=Perry |first=R. Michael |year=2000 |publisher=New York: Universal Publishers |location=New York: Universal Publishers |isbn=1-58112-724-3}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=A Beginner's Guide to Immortality: Extraordinary People, Alien Brains, and Quantum Resurrection |url=https://archive.org/details/beginnersguideto0000pick |last=Pickover |first=Clifford |authorlink=Clifford Pickover |year=2007 |publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press |location=New York |isbn=1-56025-984-1}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=Psyche: The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks |url=https://archive.org/details/psychecultofsoul0002erwi |last=Rohde |first=Erwin |authorlink=Erwin Rohde |year=1925 |publisher=Harper & Row |location=New York}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Christian Doctrine of Immortality |url=http://www.archive.org/download/cu31924029320524/cu31924029320524.pdf |last=Salmond |first=Stewart |authorlink=Stewart Salmond |year=1903}} * {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Immortal Cell: One Scientist's Quest to Solve the Mystery of Human Aging |url=https://archive.org/details/imortalcell0000unse |last=West |first=Michael D. |year=2003 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=0-385-50928-6}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://scienceray.com/biology/scientists-are-close-to-finding-a-way-to-be-immortal/ Scientists are Close to Finding a Way to be Immortal] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130104143837/http://scienceray.com/biology/scientists-are-close-to-finding-a-way-to-be-immortal/ |date=2013-01-04 }} * [[Turritopsis nutricula]]:[http://www.palscience.com/2009/01/28/the-only-immortal-species-on-planet-earth Palscience] Meet The Only Immortal Species on Planet Earth * [http://www.methuselahfoundation.com/ The Methuselah Foundation] Aubrey de Grey's non-profit organization dedicated to finding a cure for aging * [http://www.kurzweilai.net/ KurzweilAI.net] Ray Kurzweil resource site * [http://www.biologicalgerontology.com BiologicalGerontology.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.biologicalgerontology.com/ |date=20060427070357 }} Chris Smelick's Biogerontology site * [http://www.vitaeinstitute.org/ Vitae Institute] Chris Smelick's non-profit organization * [http://www.elpistheory.info/ ELPIs Theory] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elpistheory.info/ |date=20110907145429 }} Marios Kyriazis' theory of human biological immortality * [http://www.longecity.org/ Immortality Institute]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Scientific and sociological discussions, activism, research ===Mtazamo wa kidini na wa kiroho=== * [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-76 "Death and Immortality"] {{Wayback|url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-76 |date=20070311081839 }} ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'', etext at the University of Virginia Library * [http://bibletopicsonline.org/immortality-what-will-eternal-life-be-like "Immortality"] {{Wayback|url=http://bibletopicsonline.org/immortality-what-will-eternal-life-be-like |date=20110725070217 }} ''Immortality – What Will Eternal Life Be Like?'' * ''[http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/V/VogelImmortality/VogelImmortality.PDF The Immortality of the Soul and the Resurrection of the Body] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/V/VogelImmortality/VogelImmortality.PDF |date=20070614100206 }}'' Lecture by Heinrich J. Vogel * [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/27237 ''An Essay on the Scriptural Doctrine of Immortality''] by James Challis * [http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/M/MeyerEternity/MeyerEternity.PDF ''Eternity: Christ’s Return, Chiliasm, Resurrection of the Dead, Judgment, Hell, Luther on Eternity, Heaven''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/M/MeyerEternity/MeyerEternity.PDF |date=20070614100157 }} J.P. Meyer, ''The Northwestern Lutheran'', August 22, 1954, Vol. 41, # 17 to April 14, 1957, Vol. 44, #8 * [http://christianity.com/Christian%20Foundations/Becoming%20a%20Christian/11528905/ "How you Can Have Eternal Life"] {{Wayback|url=http://christianity.com/Christian%20Foundations/Becoming%20a%20Christian/11528905/ |date=20071208162525 }} Jack Graham, PowerPoint Ministries, Christianity.com * [http://www.gotquestions.org/eternal-life.html Got Eternal Life?] Got Questions Ministries * [http://www.personaltao.com/tao/immortality.pdf Immortality] Taoist essay, personaltao.com * [http://www.yogam.org The Trial to Conquer Death] Ancient Scientific Yoga – The First Atom's Final Attempt * [http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Fenwick%20Book%20Review%20Human%20Immortality;%20%20Death%20and%20Adjustment%20Hypotheses%20Elaborated.x.x.pdf] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Fenwick%20Book%20Review%20Human%20Immortality;%20%20Death%20and%20Adjustment%20Hypotheses%20Elaborated.x.x.pdf |date=20130518024043 }} A review by Dr. Peter Fenwick of the book Human Immortality by Mohammad Samir Hossain * [https://sw.kingdomsalvation.org/only-christ-of-the-last-days-can-give-man-the-way-of-eternal-life.html uzima wa milele] ===Katika fasihi=== * Mary Shelley's ''[http://wondersmith.com/scifi/mortal.htm The Mortal Immortal]'' {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:Falsafa]] [[Category:Dini]] [[Jamii:Uyahudi]] [[Jamii:Ukristo]] [[Jamii:Uislamu]] 36e9jonyx0kw1t9p8bqfc3uhwneer1e 0 72516 1540738 1125534 2026-05-12T03:48:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umimi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: "egoism") ni [[tabia]] ya kujijali kupita kiasi, bila kutia maanani vya kutosha watu wengine na [[jamii]] kwa jumla. Ni kinyume cha [[ukarimu]] na unamfanya mtu azingatie mno kinachompendeza au kinachomfaidisha yeye, badala ya kulenga pia kinachowafaa wengine.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/selfish?show=0&t=1408827003 "Selfish"], Merriam-Webster Dictionary, accessed on 23 August 2014</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/selfish Selfishness - meaning], reference.com, accessed on 23 April 2012</ref> Umimi unatazamwa kwa namna mbalimbali na [[dini]], [[falsafa]], [[elimunafsia]], [[uchumi]] na [[fani]] nyingine. ==Katika [[Ugiriki ya Kale]]== [[Aristotle]] aliungana na wananchi wenzake wengi katika kulaumu wanaolenga [[faida]] yao wenyewe tu.<ref>Aristotle, ''Ethics'' (1976) p. 301-3</ref> [[Seneca Kijana|Seneca]] alipendekeza watu wajistawishe lakini ndani ya jamii.<ref>G. Gutting ed., ''The Cambridge Companion to Foucault'' (2003) p. 138-30</ref> ==[[Karne za Kati]]/[[Renaissance]]== [[Dante Alighieri]] aliona umimi kama [[mzizi]] wa [[vilema vikuu]] vyote saba kwa jina la [[kiburi]].<ref>Dante, ''Purgatorio'' (1971) p. 65</ref> [[Francis Bacon]] aliendeleza msimamo huo alipoandika, “Wisdom for a man's self...[a]s the wisdom of rats”.<ref>Francis Bacon, ''The Essays'' (1985) p. 131</ref> ==Ulimwengu wa kisasa== [[Ubepari]] ulipoenea, [[Bernard Mandeville]] alisema [[maendeleo]] ya jamii na uchumi yanategemea umimi.<ref>Mandeville, ''The Fable of the Bees'' (1970) p. 410 and p. 81-3</ref> [[Adam Smith]] alitumia mfano wa [[mkono usioonekana]] kusema mfumo wa uchumi unatumia umimi ili kuleta faida kubwa.<ref>M. Skousen, ''The Big Three in Economics'' (2007) p. 29</ref> Vilevile [[John Locke]] aliona jamii ijengwe juu ya mtu binafsi, halafu [[Ayn Rand]] alitetea umimi kama [[adili la kijamii]] ambalo ni mzizi wa maendeleo.<ref>P. L. Nevins, The Politics of Selfishness'' (2010) p. xii-iii</ref> [[Jacques Maritain]] alipinga hoja hizo kwa kukumbusha ile ya Aristotle kwamba [[binadamu]] ni [[kiumbe]] cha kijamii, hivyo anaweza kustawi kweli pande zote ikiwa tu analenga faida ya wengine.<ref>{{cite book|last=Maritain|first=Jacques|title=The Person and the Common Good|year=1973|publisher=University of Notre Dame Press|location=Notre Dame, IN|isbn=978-0268002046}}</ref> ==Katika Biblia== [[Biblia ya Kikristo]] inaonyesha ugumu wa kuishi kwa [[uadilifu]] unatokana na hali tuliyorithi, yaani kuwa na [[donda|madonda]] nafsini mwetu na kuishi katika [[mazingira]] maovu yaliyo chini ya [[shetani]]. Hayo yote yanatuelekeza kujipendea daima badala ya kumpenda [[Mungu]] kwanza na kuwapenda wenzetu kama tunavyojipenda. “Ole wangu! Kwa maana nimepotea; kwa sababu mimi ni mtu mwenye midomo michafu, nami ninakaa kati ya watu wenye midomo michafu...” ([[Isa]] 6:5). Maovu yanayotawala [[ulimwengu]] ni hasa kiburi na [[tamaa]]. Ni kwa kupitia umimi huo kwamba shetani anatawala watu. “Msiipende dunia, wala mambo yaliyomo katika dunia. Mtu akiipenda dunia, kumpenda Baba hakumo ndani yake. Maana kila kilichomo duniani, yaani tamaa ya mwili, na tamaa ya macho, na kiburi cha uzima, havitokani na Baba, bali vyatokana na dunia... Twajua ya kuwa sisi tu wa Mungu, na dunia yote pia hukaa katika yule mwovu” ([[1Yoh]] 2:15-16; 5:19). Katika ulimwengu tunahitaji msimamo wa kutofuata mkondo wake. Kinyume chake, tuzingatie daima [[Baba]] anataka nini, [[Yesu]] [[Mwana wa Mungu|Mwanae]] alifanya vipi na [[Roho Mtakatifu]] anatuelekeza [[njia]] gani. “Ingieni kwa kupitia mlango ulio mwembamba; maana mlango ni mpana, na njia ni pana iendayo upotevuni, nao ni wengi waingiao kwa mlango huo. Bali mlango ni mwembamba, na njia imesonga iendayo uzimani, nao waionao ni wachache” ([[Math]] 7:13-14). “Basi, ndugu zangu, nawasihi, kwa huruma zake Mungu, itoeni miili yenu iwe dhabihu iliyo hai, takatifu, ya kumpendeza Mungu, ndiyo ibada yenu yenye maana. Wala msiifuatishe namna ya dunia hii; bali mgeuzwe kwa kufanywa upya nia zenu, mpate kujua hakika mapenzi ya Mungu yaliyo mema, ya kumpendeza, na ukamilifu” ([[Rom]] 12:1-2). “Mwenye kuushinda ulimwengu ni nani, isipokuwa ni yeye aaminiye ya kwamba Yesu ni Mwana wa Mungu?” ([[Yoh]] 5:5). Tunapokubali kufuata umimi wetu, tunazidi kuharibika na kuharibu jamii, tukistawisha [[utawala]] wa shetani badala ya ule wa Mungu: ndicho kinachomsikitisha Baba yetu mwema. “Alikuwa akitamani kujishibisha kwa maganda waliyokula nguruwe, wala hapana mtu aliyempa kitu... ‘Huyu mwanangu alikuwa amekufa, naye amefufuka; alikuwa amepotea, naye ameonekana’” ([[Lk]] 15:16,24). Basi, ili tusipotoshwe na umimi tunahitaji kujikana katika yote na kumfuata Yesu hadi upeo wa [[upendo]]. Hivyo [[hiari]] yetu itazidi kukombolewa. “Mtu yeyote akitaka kunifuata, na ajikane mwenyewe, ajitwike msalaba wake kila siku, anifuate. Kwa kuwa mtu atakaye kuiponya nafsi yake ataiangamiza, na mtu atakayeiangamiza nafsi yake kwa ajili yangu ndiye atakayeisalimisha. Kwa kuwa yamfaa nini mtu kuupata ulimwengu wote, kama akijiangamiza, au kujipoteza mwenyewe?” (Lk 9:23-25). ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== * ''[[A Theory of Justice]]'' (by [[John Rawls]]) * ''[[The Evolution of Cooperation]]'', [[Robert Axelrod]], Basic Books, ISBN 0-465-02121-2 * ''[[The Selfish Gene]]'', [[Richard Dawkins]] (1990), second edition—includes two chapters about the evolution of cooperation, ISBN 0-19-286092-5 *''[[The Virtue of Selfishness]]'', [[Ayn Rand]], ISBN 0451163931 ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/08/is-human-nature-fundamentally-selfish-or-altruistic/ Je, kwa umbile lake binadamu anaongozwa na umimi?]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu}} [[Category:Maadili]] [[Category:Saikolojia]] eijap6a9suovrzvw0r8r9g5gjiurbi8 3 89634 1540579 1531025 2026-05-11T19:20:59Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Tech News: 2026-20 */ mjadala mpya 1540579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Ukurasa wa Mathias E. Mnyampala == Habari, nimesahihisha ukurasa kama ulivyouliza. Nimeona bora kufuta matini yanayolingana na tafsiri ya kompyuta. Ni kweli nimejaribu kuongeza ukurasa huo wa Kiswahili kwa kutumia matini ya ukurasa wa Kiingereza ulio mrefu zaidi. Kama haipendezi basi ! Wassalaam ! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Goma999|Goma999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Goma999|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 3 Januari 2024 (UTC) Goma999 == Mambo yako! == Salaam teeele!<br> Pole na shida zangu,.<br> Nimeona nikusalimu bwana Injinia!<br> --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:32, 19 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Ahahah asante kwa shida zako == Salam..mimi mzima kabisa hofu kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 20 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Salam.. == Salam zako zimenifikia nikia nimejaa teleee Kwako vipi khariii '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:20, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) == MAMBO YANGU == salam zimenifikia, zimetufikia, tumesalimika. shida zetu ndio zinakupa shida pole sana. nikutakie ujenzi mwema wa jamii yako. asante! ==[[Watu wazima]]== HAbari, naona makala hii. TAfadhali ukumbuke makala za wikipedia si vyanzo au marejeo yanayokubalika. Hakuna tatizo ukichukua habari zako pale enwiki pamoja na marejeo yanayotajwa pale. Lakini hatuwezi kutaja makala ya wikipedia kama chanzo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 22:47, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Mwaliko wa kutoa maoni yako kuhusu ''Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu'' == Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>[[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mimi]] ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa na kuunga mkono wazo hilo. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation ''HAPA'']<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuoanisha vitu vya msingi vya kimwongozo vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano katika Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) au utumiaji wa Wikipedia, na pia pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana ndani ya tovuti ya Wikipedia yenyewe au wanapokutana ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano mbalimbali ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kutokea kwa baadhi ya matukio kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia anbapo katika tafiti iliyofanywa mwaka 2015 , ilionekana baadhi ya Wanawikimedia walikuwa wakikumbana na unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo]na unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 29th April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana mawazo, uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia na miradi mingine yake ya Wikimedia Foundation. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla kuhusu miradi waliyoifanya tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi [[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mtavangu]]19:09, 18 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:AMtavangu (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:AMtavangu_(WMF)/Massmessaging_test&oldid=19994514 --> == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:45, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) Ujumbe wako umenipata vema kabisa nita jibu mara tuu nikiwa naweza kufikia kompyuta yangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanza kazi, ila kigezo cha kumkaribisha mtu kinatakiwa katika ukurasa wake wa mawasiliano, si ule wa mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) Asante Ndugu, nitazingatia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == [[Salzburg]] [[Austria]] [[Vienna]] == Hey Bro, thank you for helping to work at the article of Salzburg. If you want we could work together at some more articles about Austria in the Kiswahili languaged Wikipedia. I am learning Kiswahili right now Bro but I am still in the starter level, unfortunately, because I do not have a lot of possobilities to learn Kiswahili in Austria, but I know Austria very well and we could work together, I have knowledge about the country, you have language knowdledge Kiswahili. Have you been to Austria yet? Or was it a just random that you have found the article Salzburg? Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 16:29, 28 Novemba 2020 (UTC) Hello Alex, i would like to work together since its now my responsibility to make sure what comes into swahili wikipedia it is in a means that it suit swahili comunity and others as well, I have never been in Austria but till now i do have bunch of friends from there who are striving in swahili language like you. I would like to say that now you have an oppotunity to learn Swahili language as you wishe. Karibu sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:08, 29 Novemba 2020 (UTC) * Hey, sorry for a slow resonse. I d like to crate or work on some more Kiswahili Wikipedia articles about european countries, states, cities, transport and so on. I would do this about topics that I know, translate by Google, than you could check for grammar typos because google translations don t work out well many times and so we could do it together? Can you send me an e mail directly please to alexvie111987@gmail.com ? Than you can reach me sooner and easier and we could discuss about Kiswahili Wikipedia Articels? * And by the way if you know some Kiswahili native speakers in Vienna, Frankfurt or Hamburg would you help me to find somebody for language exchange Kiswahili - German, German - Kiswahili? I have started learning Kiswahili at the adult education center, but because of Covid19, any lessons have been cancelled and I am so unhappy because I wanna learn Kiswahili but I cant :( Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 01:47, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Again hello Alex, thank you for leaving a contact for me i wall contact you soon. thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Tuzo la uhariri== [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kutupatia orodha ya Wabunge wa Tanzania wa 2020! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:58, 7 Desemba 2020 (UTC) . Asante sana Ngugu Kipala, na mimi naipokea kwa heshima kubwa na tahadhima, na naahidi kuendeleza juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Matangazo ya Kivietnam== Ulimwandikia [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tylekeoso]] salamu nzuri. Alijaza ukurasa wake kwa matini ya Kivietnam. Hao tumeshaona mara nyingi. Unaweza kuweka yaliyomo katika google translate Kivietnam-Kiingereza utaona ni matangazo ya kibiashara tu. Riccardo na mimi tumezoea kufuta kurasa hizi moja kwa moja na kuzuia akaunti za wachangiaji. Hao si watu waliokosa kupeleka habari kwetu; nadhani ni programu zinazotafuta nafasi kwenye intaneti kusambaza matangazo ya kibiashara. Sijafuatalia sijui kama programu zimewekwa hasa kutushambulia sisi lakini nahisi wanajaribu kote duniani. Kwa hiyo usisite kufuta na kubana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Asante kwataarifa, binafsi nilifikiri ni mtumiaji tuu mwenzetu maana nimeona amekaribishwa vizuri kabisa. .Sambamba na hilo kuna huyu mtumiaji anaitwa Alex kutoka Autria nimeona makala zake chache anatumia google translator moja kwa moja nakupakia matini kwenye swwiki nilivo mfuatilia anasema anajifunza kiswahili, sasa nafikiri kumtafutia mbadala wa kukutana na wewe inawezekana? '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ::Alex gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ːːHana username ila anahalili sana miji ya Austria na ujerumani alihalili makala hii [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg hapa]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za Karibu== Habari naona umeweka salamu ya karibu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Wapangwa Watu Weupe (Vipindi vya Runinga)‎]] ambayo si ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Nadhani ulikuwa umechoka, Tuelewane sanduku hilo linaingia pekee kurasa za majidiliano ya watumiaji, si makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:49, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == Reminder to sign the confidentiality agreement == Hi, as outlined in [[:m:Stewards/Elections_2021/Guidelines#Sign_the_confidentiality_agreement|the guidelines for the Steward Election]], all candidates must sign the [[:m:Access to nonpublic personal data policy|confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] before 5 February, or you will be disqualified. For instructions, see [[:m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|Tks4Fish]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 1 Februari 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> ==[[Laverne cox]]== Naomba uifute. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 11 Februari 2022 (UTC) Nimefuta --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Olimasy}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Board+of+Trustees&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This page contains outdated information. Please assist in updating the page to prevent confusion.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:48, 19 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Fundraising/Translation == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Fundraising/Translation|Fundraising/Translation]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Fundraising%2FTranslation&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. 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Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:11, 25 Aprili 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ndugu Mwanawikimedia, Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC. Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_3&oldid=26721208 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2024%2FAnnouncement+%E2%80%93+results&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-17. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:16, 10 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Community+Affairs+Committee%2FProcedure+for+Sibling+Project+Lifecycle%2FInvitation+for+feedback+%28MM%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-05-22. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! 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To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:15, 27 Mei 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Movement Charter draft == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Movement Charter draft|Template:Movement Charter draft]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AMovement+Charter+draft&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-06-11. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:41, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> : done '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:30, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Translation notification: Movement Charter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] is available for translation. 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The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal|Wikimedia LGBT+/Portal]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+LGBT%2B%2FPortal&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:03, 30 Juni 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Voter eligibility guidelines]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+elections%2F2024%2FVoter+eligibility+guidelines&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. 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To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 15:31, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 16:04, 7 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals|Wikimedia and Libraries User Group/Mission and goals]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group%2FMission+and+goals&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:20, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024|Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Women%2FSheSaid%2FSheSaid+2024&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:56, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WMDE+Technical+Wishes%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The sub-referencing feature is planned to be implemented until the end of 2024 on various wikis. Therefore, it would be great to have information about the feature ready in multiple languages.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 20:36, 8 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing|User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AJohannes+Richter+%28WMDE%29%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-08-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:01, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannnes89@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:What Meta is not == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:What Meta is not|Meta:What Meta is not]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AWhat+Meta+is+not&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Meta-Wiki guideline page</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:03, 15 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)|Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AAdministrators%2FRemoval+%28inactivity%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:37, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Blue button == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Blue button|Template:Blue button]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ABlue+button&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! 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Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:59, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Guideline == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Guideline|Template:Guideline]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AGuideline&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:32, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Keeping events safe == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Keeping events safe|Keeping events safe]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Keeping+events+safe&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 03:18, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety|Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation%2FLegal%2FCommunity+Resilience+and+Sustainability%2FTrust+and+Safety&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:39, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Argentina == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili na Kiingereza on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Argentina|Wikimedia Argentina]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=en&action=page translate to Kiingereza] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:09, 20 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Amical Wikimedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Amical Wikimedia|Amical Wikimedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Amical+Wikimedia&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:59, 22 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:29, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WikiGap == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WikiGap|WikiGap]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WikiGap&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:27, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Steward requests/Global/block-header == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Steward requests/Global/block-header|Steward requests/Global/block-header]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Steward+requests%2FGlobal%2Fblock-header&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Contains information on how to appeal global blocks.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:50, 25 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Changing username == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Changing username|Changing username]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Changing+username&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 10:49, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiktionary == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiktionary&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 11:52, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure|Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission%2F2019%2FCU+Global+Procedure+on+information+disclosure&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 12:29, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Deoband Community Wikimedia/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Deoband Community Wikimedia/News|Deoband Community Wikimedia/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Deoband+Community+Wikimedia%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 17:33, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Aafi (DCW)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Policy-cross-project == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Policy-cross-project|Template:Policy-cross-project]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3APolicy-cross-project&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 09:12, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Annual+Plan%2F2024-2025%2FProduct+%26+Technology+OKRs&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 08:07, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Translation notification: Help:Unified login == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Unified login|Help:Unified login]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AUnified+login&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 06:05, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 23:50, 3 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Tech/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News|Tech/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 01:30, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2F2025%2FVoter+information&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-25. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">--- Hello, and thank you for the work you do. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate We request you also translate these two sentences.]''' There are more details below. There is an ongoing community vote - the voter information is in the page linked for translation above. We would appreciate your help to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate translate the two sentence CentralNotice banner], as a priority. If you can also translate the voter information page, I know the folks working on this - including the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) group - would be highly appreciative. ~ In cooperation with the U4C</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:30, 23 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing|User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FEGCharter+closing&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">If you have some time to translate this message that will be sent to the communities prior to the close of the vote, it would be of great benefit.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:18, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025%2FCall+for+candidates&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-05-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">I'm sorry for the short notice, details for the election came together at the last minute.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 18:53, 14 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the information page of 2025 U4C election. Please help with translation; your contributions will be greatly appreciated.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:09, 19 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Translation notification: Incident Reporting System == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Incident Reporting System|Incident Reporting System]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incident+Reporting+System&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:53, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 08:01, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Translation notification: Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025|Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffiliate+recognition+pause+notice+2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 15:33, 30 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Translation notification: Meta:Deletion policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Deletion policy|Meta:Deletion policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3ADeletion+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 07:07, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation website == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation website|Wikimedia Foundation website]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+website&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 05:47, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> ==Rangi nyekundu== Ndugu, usiogope rangi hiyo: inachochea utungaji wa makala na jamii mpya, kama hiyo ya wanasayansi wa Masedonia Kaskazini. Siku yoyote mimi au mwingine ataianzisha na mhusika ataonekana mara moja. Lakini ukiondoa jamii nyekundu, hata tukianzisha jamii hiyo mhusika huyo hatakumbukwa! Mimi nabana matumizi ya muda kwa kuanzisha mfululizo jamii nyingi zinazofanana, si mojamoja. Nadhani umenielewa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 5 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == Translation notification: Template:AffCom == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:AffCom|Template:AffCom]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffCom&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 04:55, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Translation notification: Template:Cat main == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Cat main|Template:Cat main]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ACat+main&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 06:12, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 03:09, 6 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Kufutwa kwa Jamii:User tok-1 == Habari. Naomba kufahamu kwa nini [[:Jamii:User tok-1]] ilifutwa. Niliunda kwa muundo sawa na [[:Jamii:User sw-1]] na [[:Jamii:User en-1]]: <pre><nowiki>{{Commonscat|User tok-1}} [[Jamii:User tok]] </nowiki></pre> Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 19:31, 23 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Kweli umekuwa mkali mno! Usipende kufuta kurasa kwa kuona tu kasoro. Afadhali uzirekebishe na kuelekeza mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 24 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::Amani babu @Riccardo, Kunahaja gani ya kuanzisha jamii ambazo hazina matumizi? nimeona nikawaida ya mwanzirishi kufanya hiki kitendo ambapo anaongeza mzigo tuu kwa wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 7 Januari 2026 (UTC) :::Mbona jamii hiyo ina kurasa mbili? Ndiyo matumizi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:44, 8 Januari 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2FMessages%2FReview+open&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-01-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This message will be sent to all the wikis to inform communities about their chance to participate in proposing changes to the Universal Code of Conduct. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 22:30, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Ramadan+2026%2FList+of+Articles%2FCulture%2F1&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1. Thank you!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:02, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Global username policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global username policy|Global username policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+username+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-12-31. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Global username policy. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:25, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 19:11, 18 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Translation notification: Mission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Mission&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 02:15, 28 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hi translators, The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities. Thank you for your support. Kind regards, Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 12:56, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAdegboye (EdWH)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> oxyyytgxmclsco6dwbcjw66o0b1kwbm 0 90380 1540807 1472189 2026-05-12T07:33:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilfred Muganyizi Lwakatare''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] [[Mtanzania]] na mwanachama wa [[chama cha kisiasa]] cha [[CHADEMA]]. Amechaguliwa kuwa [[Wabunge wa Tanzania 2015|mbunge]] wa [[Bukoba Mjini]] mwaka [[2015]] – [[2020]].<ref name="PolisMajiFidia">Bunge la Tanzania. "Wilfred M. Lwakatare – swali kuhusu fidia ya miradi ya maji Bukoba". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/82/primary-answers</ref><ref name="PolisREAQuestion">Bunge la Tanzania. "Maswali ya nyongeza ya Lwakatare kuhusu gharama za umeme REA". Bunge Polis. https://polis.parliament.go.tz/members/50/supp-answers</ref><ref name="IppmediaKero">Nipashe / IPP Media (08 Juni 2020). "Lwakatare: Kilichoniingiza siasa kero hizi…". https://legacy.ippmedia.com/sw/habari/lwakatare-kilichoniingiza-siasa-kero-hizi-niliyoyakuta-haya-hapa{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="CitizenQuit2020">The Citizen (Tanzania). "Another Chadema MP quits ahead of 2020 polls". https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/another-chadema-mp-quits-ahead-of-2020-polls-2707690</ref><ref name="GlobalPubCritique">Global Publishers (06 Juni 2020). "Lwakatare: Chadema Si Salama kwa Wapenda Maendeleo". https://globalpublishers.co.tz/lwakatare-chadema-sio-mahali-salama-kwa-wanaopenda-maendeleo/</ref><ref name="Dar24Leave">Dar24 (14 Aprili 2020). "Baada ya Tibaijuka, Lwakatare naye ameaga Bungeni rasmi". https://dar24.com/baada-ya-tibaijuka-lwakatare-naye-ameaga-bungeni-rasmi/ {{Wayback|url=https://dar24.com/baada-ya-tibaijuka-lwakatare-naye-ameaga-bungeni-rasmi/ |date=20201209121839 }}</ref><ref name="MwananchiHamisha">Mwananchi (09 Juni 2019). "Lwakatare ajitenga na uvumi kuhamia CUF". https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/-lwakatare-ajitenga-na-uvumi-kuhamia-cuf-2974538</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] gjnye6vjjsxprxa3an6hr6h34faom38 0 106638 1540418 1047685 2026-05-11T14:07:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540418 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Manuel Acuña.jpg|thumb|Manuel Acuña]] '''Manuel Acuña Navarro''' ([[27 Agosti]] [[1849]] - [[6 Desemba]] [[1873]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Meksiko]] wa [[karne ya 19]]. Alighani ma[[shairi]], lakini pia aliandika [[riwaya]] na [[tamthiliya]]. Ingawa alikuwa maarufu katika mwanzo wa [[maisha]] yake, aliamua kujiua. Haijulikani kwa nini, lakini inadhaniwa alifanya hivyo kwa sababu ya [[mwanamke]]. {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1849|1873}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] 252j6en82gjurzq653smlpwznd2inw3 0 109383 1540794 1261555 2026-05-12T06:49:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wasengwer''' (pia: '''Wasekker''', '''Wasiger''', '''Wasigerai''', '''Wasegelai''', '''Wacherang'any''') ni [[kabila]] la [[watu]] wanaoishi hasa katika [[misitu]] ya [[Embobut]], kwenye [[nyanda za juu]] za [[magharibi]] mwa [[Kenya]]<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |last1=Lang |first1=Chris |title=Threats of eviction against indigenous Sengwer people continue in Kenya |url=https://redd-monitor.org/2018/02/15/threats-of-eviction-against-indigenous-sengwer-people-continue-in-kenya/#more-29014%20online |website=REDD-Monitor |accessdate=21 January 2019 |date=15 February 2018 |archivedate=2019-01-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121121753/https://redd-monitor.org/2018/02/15/threats-of-eviction-against-indigenous-sengwer-people-continue-in-kenya/#more-29014%20online }}</ref><ref name="Who">{{cite web |title=Who are we? |url=http://kapolet.tripod.com/id1.html |website=SENGWER ETHNIC MINORITY INDIGENOUS PEOPLES |accessdate=21 January 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Makabila ya Kenya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-KE}} [[Category:Makabila ya Kenya]] mnergxmk90w31cp368l6qo2nhbrevab 0 109540 1540417 1196358 2026-05-11T14:06:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1540417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} [[File:Lupita NyongoTIFF2013 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Lupita Nyongo(2013)]] [[File:Lupita Nyong&#039;o (82038) (cropped).jpg|thumb]] [[File:Lupita Nyongo - 2016.jpg|thumb|Lupita Nyongo (2016)]] '''Lupita Nyong’o''' (alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Kenya]] na [[Meksiko]]. Mwenyewe anajitambulisha kutoka nchi hizo mbili, kwa sababu ana [[uraia]] wa nchi hizo. ==Maisha== Yeye ni [[mtoto]] wa [[mwanasiasa]] nchini Kenya [[Peter Anyang' Nyong'o]] na Dorothy Ogada Buyu. Lupita alizaliwa [[Mexico (mji)|mji wa Mexiko]], katika nchi ya [[Mexiko]], kwa sababu [[baba]] yake alifundisha [[sayansi ya siasa]] katika chuo ya Mexiko, katika [[Mji wa Mexiko]]. [[Familia]] yake waliondoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] katika mwaka wa [[1980]] kwa muda mfupi kwa sababu kulikuwa na matatizo kuhusu [[siasa]] na baba yake hakutaka kukaa huko. [[Ndugu]] wa baba yake Lupita, Charles Nyong’o, alirushwa nje ya [[feri]] na kupotea{{Citation needed}}. Lupita ni [[Waluo|Mluo]], kwa sababu baba na mama yake wanasema [[lugha]] ya [[Kijaluo]]. Katika [[kabila]] la Wajaluo, Waluo wanapenda kupatia [[Jina|majina]] kwa watoto wao kulingana na matukio ya siku, hivyo, walimpatia jina la Lupita{{Citation needed}}. Familia ya Lupita walirudi nchini Kenya wakati Lupita alipokuwa na [[umri]] wa [[mwaka]] mmoja, kwa sababu baba yake alipata [[kazi]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]]. Lupita alikulia katika [[mji]] wa [[Nairobi]]{{Citation needed}}. Akiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na nne, Lupita alianza [[ukumbi]] wa [[michezo]] kwa kucheza Juliet katika [[tamthilia]] ''Romeo na Juliet'', kwa [[kampuni]] ya Phoenix Players. Wakati Lupita akifanya kazi katika kampuni hiyo, alicheza michezo ya ''On the Razzle'', na ''There Goes The Bride''. Lupita alitaka kufanya kwenye ukumbi wa michezo kwa sababu alipenda [[Whoopi Goldberg]] na [[Oprah Winfrey]]{{Citation needed}}. Wakati Lupita alipokuwa na umri wa miaka kumi na sita, wazazi wa Lupita walimtuma kwenda nchi ya Mexiko kusoma lugha ya [[Kihispania]] kwa miezi saba. Lupita aliishi [[jiji]] la [[Taxco]], [[jimbo la Guerrero]], na alisoma katika [[chuo kikuu cha Mexiko]]{{Citation needed}}. Lupita alisoma masomo za [[filamu]] na masomo za ukumbi wa michezo katika [[chuo]] cha [[Hampshire]]{{Citation needed}}. Lupita alianza kazi yake ya msaidizi wa uzalishaji katika jiji la [[Hollywood]]. Katika mwaka wa [[2008]], alianza kutenda na [[filamu]] ndogo yake ya kwanza, ''East River''. Alirudi nchi ya Kenya kutenda kwa tamthiliya ''Shuga'' (2009-2012). Katika mwaka wa 2009 pia Lupita aliandika na alielekeza [[maandishi]] ''In My Genes''. Baadaye, alikwenda kusoma kaimu katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Yale]]. Baada ya kupata [[shahada]] ya pili, alikutenda kama Patsey, katika mchezo wa ''12 Years a Slave''. Alishinda [[tuzo]] nyingi, ikiwamo tuzo wa [[mwigizaji]] bora. Yeye alikuwa Mkenya na Mmexiko wa kwanza kushinda tuzo ya [[taasisi]]{{Citation needed}}. == Filamu == * ''[[:en:East River (film)|East River]]'' (2008) * ''[[:en:In My Genes|In My Genes]]'' (2009) * ''[[:en:12 Years a Slave (film)|12 Years a Slave]]'' (2012) * ''[[:en:Non-Stop (film)|Non-Stop]]'' (2014) * ''[[:en:Star Wars: The Force Awakens|Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]'' (2015) * ''[[The Jungle Book (filamu ya 2016)|The Jungle Book]]'' (2016) * [[:en:Queen of Katwe|''Queen of Katwe'']] (2016) * ''[[:en:Star Wars: The Last Jedi|Star Wars: The Last Jedi]]'' (2017) * [[Black Panther (filamu)|''Black Panther'']] (2018) * [[:en:Little Monsters (2019 film)|''Little Monsters'']] (2019) * [[:en:Us (2019 film)|''Us'']] (2019) * [[:en:Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker|''Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker'']] (2019) ==Tazama pia== * [[Sulwe]] {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] l6g1d86e940yg5hjej9ufix23fp35ab 0 113646 1540526 1534722 2026-05-11T17:29:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SEO''' ([[kifupi]] cha [[Neno|maneno]] ya [[Kiingereza]]: ''search engine optimization'') ni utaratibu wa kuongeza [[ubora]] na wingi wa watembeleaji wa [[tovuti]] kwa kuongeza upatikanaji wa tovuti au [[ukurasa]] mmojawapo wa tovuti kwa watumiaji wa tovuti za kutafuta kurasa na habari [[Mtandao|mtandaoni]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SEO.html|title=SEO - search engine optimization|last=|first=|date=|website=Webopedia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509033028/https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SEO.html|archive-date=2019-05-09|dead-url=|accessdate=2019-06-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><br> Utaratibu huo unajumuisha tu uboreshaji usiotumia malipo ya matangazo. SEO inaweza kulenga tovuti za kutafuta za aina mbalimbali kama vile utafutaji wa [[picha]], utafutaji wa [[video]], [[Jarida|majarida]] ya kitaaluma, <ref name="aseo">{{cite web|url=https://www.sciplore.org/publications/2010-ASEO--preprint.pdf|title=Academic Search Engine Optimization (ASEO): Optimizing Scholarly Literature for Google Scholar and Co.|author=Beel, Jöran and Gipp, Bela and Wilde, Erik|first=|date=|year=2010|website=|publisher=Journal of Scholarly Publishing|pages=176–190|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=April 18, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118043054/http://www.sciplore.org/publications/2010-ASEO--preprint.pdf|archivedate=2017-11-18}}</ref> utafutaji wa habari na utafutaji wa kisekta. Uboreshaji wa tovuti unaweza kujumuisha kuhariri habari zilizomo kwenye tovuti hiyo, kuboresha [[HTML]] na mbinu nyingine nyingi. Baadhi ya mbinu zinakubalika na tovuti za kutafuta ile mbinu nyingine huonekana kuwa ni za ulaghai.<ref>[https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/B/Black_Hat_SEO.html "What is Blackhat SEO?" June 14, 2019.]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kufikia [[Mei]] [[2015]], utafutaji kwa kutumia [[simu za mkononi]] ulipiku ule wa kutumia [[kompyuta]].<ref>[https://adwords.blogspot.com/2015/05/building-for-next-moment.html "Inside AdWords: Building for the next moment" ''Google Inside Adwords'' May 15, 2015.]</ref> Kama mbinu ya kujitangaza mtandaoni, [http://SEO https://ozguraltun.com.tr/] {{Wayback|url=http://seo/ |date=20130712103951 }} inatazama jinsi tovuti za kutafuta zinavyofanya kazi, [[algorithm]] zinazoonyesha [[tabia]] za tovuti za kutafuta, maneno yanatotumiwa na watafutaji, n.k. == Historia == Waangalizi wa tovuti na watoa habari walianza kuboresha tovuti kwa njia hiyo toka katikati ya [[1990]]. Mwanzoni, waangalizi wa tovuti walitakiwa kutuma [[anwani]] za tovuti zao kwa tovuti za kutafuta.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thinkpink.com/bp/Thesis/Thesis.pdf| format =PDF | title=Finding What People Want: Experiences with the WebCrawler|accessdate=May 7, 2007| publisher=The Second International WWW Conference Chicago, USA, October 17–20, 1994|author=Brian Pinkerton}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}} == Viungo vya nje == *{{DMOZ|Computers/Internet/Web_Design_and_Development/Promotion/|Web Development Promotion}} * [https://support.google.com/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=35769 Google Webmaster Guidelines] * [https://www.seokaos.com/seo-nedir/ Search Engine Optimization 101+ Guides] * [https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/www.google.com/en//insidesearch/howsearchworks/assets/searchqualityevaluatorguidelines.pdf Google Search Quality Evaluators Guidelines, July 20, 2018 (PDF)] * [https://help.yahoo.com/kb/search/SLN2245.html Yahoo! Webmaster Guidelines] * [http://www.bing.com/webmaster/help/webmaster-guidelines-30fba23a Bing Webmaster Guidelines] * "[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/business/13search.html The Dirty Little Secrets of Search]", article in [[The New York Times]] (February 12, 2011) {{tech-stub}} [[Jamii:Kifupi]] [[Jamii:Intaneti]] kr2eoli56vt1vm5pxr5kcof2hb5suq4 0 114233 1540529 1525661 2026-05-11T17:43:30Z CommonsDelinker 234 Removing [[:c:File:Klm-poster-1919.jpg|Klm-poster-1919.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Infrogmation|Infrogmation]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Klm-poster-1919.jpg|]]. 1540529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shirika la ndege''' ni [[kampuni]] inayotoa [[huduma]] ya [[usafiri wa anga wa kiraia]] kwa [[abiria]] na [[mizigo]]. Mashirika ya ndege hutumia [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] kutoa huduma hizi. Kawaida, mashirika haya hupewa [[leseni]] na [[idara]] husika ya [[serikali]]. Mashirika ya ndege hutofautiana kwa ukubwa, toka mashirika ya ndege madogo ya safari za ndani na mashirika makubwa ya safari za kimataifa. Mnamo [[2019]] shirika la ndege kubwa kuliko yote [[duniani]] ni [[American Airlines Group]]. ==Historia== ===Mashirika ya ndege ya kwanza=== [[DELAG]], ''Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft I'' ndilo shirika la ndege la kwanza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airships.net/delag-passenger-zeppelins |title=DELAG: The World's First Airline, using dirgibles. |publisher=Airships.net |date= |accessdate=2010-08-22}}</ref> Lilianzishwa [[Novemba 16]], [[1909]] kwa msaada wa serikali na kumiliki ndege zilizotengenezwa na [[Zeppelin|Zeppelin Corporation]]. [[Makao makuu|Makao yake makuu]] yalikuwa [[Frankfurt]]. Safari ya kwanza ya ndege ilikuwa [[Januari 1]], [[1914]], toka [[St. Petersburg, Florida]] kwenda [[Tampa, Florida]], kwa ndege iliyomilikiwa na St. Petersburg and Tampa Airboat Line.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.space.com/16657-worlds-first-commercial-airline-the-greatest-moments-in-flight.html|title=World’s First Commercial Airline {{!}} The Greatest Moments in Flight|work=Space.com|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref> Mashirika ya ndege ambayo yamekuwepo kwa muda mrefu zaidi ni [[KLM]] (1919),<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.klm.com/corporate/en/about-klm/history/index.html|title=History - KLM Corporate|access-date=2017-10-14|language=nl-en}}</ref> [[Avianca]] (1919),<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.aviancaholdings.com/en/history|title=History - Avianca Holdings S.A. - www.aviancaholdings.com|website=www.aviancaholdings.com|access-date=2017-10-14|accessdate=2019-06-29|archivedate=2017-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015094943/http://www.aviancaholdings.com/en/history}}</ref> [[Qantas]] (1921),<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/history-founders/global/en|title=Founders of Qantas {{!}} Qantas|website=www.qantas.com|language=en-AU|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref> na [[Czech Airlines]] (1923).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.csa.cz/cz-en/about-us/|title=About Us {{!}} Czech Airlines|website=ČSA.cz|language=en|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref> ===Mashirika ya ndege ya Ulaya=== ====Mwanzoni==== [[File:Tanken van een vliegtuig Airplane provided with fuel.jpg|thumb|Ndege aina ya [[Handley Page Type W|Handley Page W.8b]] ilitumia na [[Handley Page Transport]], shirika la ndege Uingereza lililoanzishwa mwaka 1919.]] Shirika la ndege zenye [[mabawa]] yasiyozunguka la mwanzo huko [[Ulaya]] ni [[Aircraft Transport and Travel]], lililoanzishwa na [[George Holt Thomas]] mwaka [[1916]]. [[Shirika la Ndege la Uingereza]] linatokana na shirika hili. Shirika hili lilitumia ndege zilizokuwa za kijeshi na kuzibadilisha ili ziweze kubeba [[abiria]]. [[Agosti 25]], [[1919]], shirika lilitumia ndege aina ya [[Airco DH.16|DH.16s]] kwa safari za ndege toka [[Hounslow Heath Aerodrome]] kwenda [[Le Bourget]]. Shirika hili lilipata sifa kubwa pamoja na matatizo ya [[hali ya hewa]]. Novemba 1919, shirika hili lilipata [[mkataba]] wa kusafirisha [[barua]] nchini [[Uingereza]]. Ndege sita za [[Jeshi la Anga la Uingereza]] aina ya [[Airco DH.9A]] zilitumiwa na shirika hili kusafirisha barua kati ya [[Hawkinge]] na [[Cologne]]. Mwaka [[1920]], ndege hizi zilirudishwa kwa [[jeshi]] hilo.<ref>''The Putnam Aeronautical Review'' edited by John Motum, p170 Volume one 1990 Naval Institute Press</ref> Mashirika mengine ya ndege nchini Uingereza yalifuata – [[Handley Page Transport]] liliundwa mwaka 1919 likitumia ndege aina ya [[Handley Page Type O|Type O/400]] yenye kubeba abiria 12,<ref>https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1961/1961%20-%200055.PDF</ref> kwa safari za [[London]]-[[Paris]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.airlinehistory.co.uk/Airline%20History/History1903.asp|title=Airline History 1903 to 1919|website=www.airlinehistory.co.uk|access-date=2017-10-14}}</ref> Shirika la kwanza la ndege la [[Ufaransa]] lilikuwa ni [[Aéropostale (aviation)|Société des lignes Latécoère]], baadaye liliitwa Aéropostale, ambalo lilianza kazi mwaka [[1918]] kwa safari za kwenda [[Hispania]]. [[Société Générale des Transports Aériens]] liliundwa mwishoni mwa 1919, na wana ndugu wa [[Farman]] na ndege ya [[Farman F.60 Goliath]] ilisafirisha watu kati ya [[Toussus-le-Noble]] na [[Kenley]], karibu na [[Croydon]], Uingereza. Kampuni nyingine nchini Ufaransa ilikuwa ni [[Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes]], iliyoundwa mwaka 1919 na [[Louis-Charles Breguet]], ikisafirisha barua na mizigo kati ya [[Paris – Le Bourget Airport|Uwanja wa Ndege wa Le Bourget]], [[Paris]] na [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Lesquin]], [[Lille]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/world/1919.cfm |title=World Aviation in 1919 - Part 1 |publisher=Royal Air Force Museum |accessdate=28 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105130943/http://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/milestones-of-flight/world/1919.cfm |archivedate=5 January 2011 |df= }}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00007, Berlin, Start eines Junkers-Flugzeuges.jpg|thumb| [[Junkers F.13]] ''D-190'' of [[Junkers Luftverkehr]]]] Shirika la ndege la Ujerumani la [[Deutsche Luft-Reederei]] liliundwa mwaka [[1917]] na kuanza kazi Februari 1919. Shirika lingine la Ujerumani lilikuwa ni [[Junkers Luftverkehr]], lililoanza kazi mwaka [[1921]]. Liliendesha ubia wa mashirika ya ndege nchini [[Austria]], [[Denmaki]], [[Estonia]], [[Ufini]], [[Hungaria]], [[Latvia]], [[Norway]], [[Polandi]], [[Uswidi]] na [[Uswisi]]. Shirika la ndege la [[Uholanzi]] [[KLM]] lilifanya safari ya kwanza ya ndege mwaka [[1920]], na ndio shirika zee kabisa duniani. Shirika hili liliundwa na [[Albert Plesman]],<ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Directory of Company Histories|year=1999|volume=28|title=Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij, N.V. History| url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/koninklijke-luchtvaart-maatschappij-n-v-history/|accessdate=30 July 2013}}</ref> Safari yake ya kwanza ilikuwa ni kutoka [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Croydon]], [[London]] kwenda [[Amsterdam]]. Huko Ufini, shirika la Aero O/Y (hivi sasa [[Finnair]]) liliundwa huko [[Helsinki]] Septemba 12, 1923. Safari yake ya kwanza ilikuwa ni kati ya Helsinki na [[Tallinn]], mji mkuu wa[[Estonia]], Machi 20, 1924. [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] uliunda Chief Administration of the Civil Air Fleet mwaka 1921. Huduma za safari za ndani za ndege zilianza Julai 15, 1923 kati ya [[Moscow]] na [[Nizhni Novgorod]]. Toka mwaka 1932 shirika hili limekuwa likitumia jina la [[Aeroflot]]. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} ==Kusoma zaidi== # "A history of the world's airlines", [[R. E. G. Davies|R.E.G. Davies]], Oxford U.P, 1964 # "The airline encyclopedia, 1909–2000.” Myron J. Smith, Scarecrow Press, 2002 # "Flying Off Course: The Economics of International Airlines," 3rd edition. Rigas Doganis, Routledge, New York, 2002. # "The Airline Business in the 21st Century." Rigas Doganis, Routledge, New York, 2001. ==Viungo vya nje== * {{cite web |url= http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/ |title= Chasing the Sun |quote= "History of commercial aviation" |publisher= [[PBS]] |accessdate= 2019-06-29 |archivedate= 2013-08-09 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130809141040/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/ }} * {{cite web |url= http://www.zinnov.com/presentation/Global_Aviation-Markets-An_Ananlysis.pdf |title= Global Aviation Markets - Analysis |publisher= [[Zinnov LLC]] |date= Jan 2007 |accessdate= 2019-06-29 |archivedate= 2007-06-16 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070616175821/http://www.zinnov.com/presentation/Global_Aviation-Markets-An_Ananlysis.pdf }} * {{cite web |url= https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/airline_cost_performance.pdf |title= Airline Cost Performance |publisher= IATA |date= July 2006 |accessdate= 2019-06-29 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150226013033/http://www.iata.org/whatwedo/Documents/economics/airline_cost_performance.pdf |archivedate= 2015-02-26 }} * {{cite web |title= Airline industry |work= [[Encyclopedia.com]] |date= 2005 |url= https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/airline-industry}} *[https://complain.biz/help/how-to-complain-about-airlines/ Jinsi ya kutoa malalamiko kuhusu huduma za mashirika ya ndege] {{Wayback|url=https://complain.biz/help/how-to-complain-about-airlines/ |date=20190627144935 }} {{mbegu-uchumi}} [[Jamii:Kampuni]] [[Jamii:Usafiri]] ksi303vwnjvgufflxowdo3gfz7oh0zk 0 114255 1540423 1515256 2026-05-11T14:10:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Javier Sicilia 01.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Javier Sicilia, 2011]] '''Javier Sicilia Zardain''' (amezaliwa [[Mexico City]], [[31 Mei]] [[1956]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mshairi]] kutoka nchi ya [[Meksiko]]. <ref>http://www.elem.mx/autor/datos/2220</ref> ==Tuzo== *1990 - [[Premio Ariel]] *1993 - [[Premio Nacional de Literatura José Fuentes Mares]] *2009 - [[Premio Nacional de Poesía Aguascalientes]] *2011 - Global Exchange People's Choice Award *2011 - Presea Corazón de león *2011 – Person of the year, [[Time magazine]] "<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://eleconomista.com.mx/entretenimiento/2011/12/15/javier-sicilia-persona-ano-time |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2019-07-01 |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628110032/http://eleconomista.com.mx/entretenimiento/2011/12/15/javier-sicilia-persona-ano-time |url-status=dead }}</ref> *2012 - XX Premio "[[Don Sergio Méndez Arceo]]" *2012 - Premio Voz de los Sin Voz *2017 -[[Premio Pakal de Oro]] *2018 - Reconocimiento [[Juan Gelman]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://cultura.cdmx.gob.mx/comunicacion/nota/1133-18 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2019-07-01 |archive-date=2019-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701170948/https://cultura.cdmx.gob.mx/comunicacion/nota/1133-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Vitabu== ; Ushairi: *''Permanencia en los puertos'' (1982) *''La presencia desierta'' (1985) *''Oro'' (1990) *''Trinidad'' (1992) *''Vigilias'' (1994) *''Resurrección'' (1995) *''Pascua'' (2000) *''Lectio'' (2004) *''Tríptico del Desierto'' (2009) *''Vestigios'' (2013) ;Riwaya: *''El bautista'' (1991) *''El reflejo de lo oscuro'' F.C.E (1998) *''Viajeros en la noche'' (1999) *''A través del silencio'' (2002) *''La confesión'' (2008) *''El fondo de la noche'' (2012) *''El deshabitado'' (2016) ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sicilia, Javier}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Meksiko]] 7kmaa2abua5xv6n10y2hqi3ojeqmhqf 0 114286 1540411 1069937 2026-05-11T14:03:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guadalupe Teresa Amor Schmidtlein''' (maarufu kama '''Pita Amor'''; [[Mexico City]], [[30 Mei]] [[1918]] - ''ibidem'', [[8 Mei]] [[2000]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] na [[mshairi]] kutoka nchi ya [[Meksiko]]. <ref>http://www.epdlp.com/escritor.php?id=3294</ref> ==Vitabu== * 1946 : ''Yo soy mi casa'' * 1947 : ''Puerta obstinada'' * 1948 : ''Círculo de angustia'' * 1949 : ''Polvo'' * 1953 : ''Décimas a Dios'' * 1958 : ''Sirviéndole a Dios, de hoguera'' * 1959 : ''Todos los siglos del mundo'' * 1984 : ''Soy dueña del universo'' ==Marejeo== <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Amor, Guadalupe}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Meksiko]] eljptgd3qhmjisqkxl3n4nw4ri9o1c0 0 119906 1540390 1534050 2026-05-11T13:49:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Maandishi */ 1540390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Giyorgis MET DP367372.jpg|thumb|Giyorgis wa Segla alivyochorwa na Baselyos katika karne ya 17.]] [[File:Cross MET DP167992.jpg|thumb|Tenzi za Giyorgis ''Kinanda cha Maria''.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (au '''wa Gesecha'''; [[1365]] hivi - [[1 Julai]] [[1425]] hivi) ni kati ya [[Wakristo]] maarufu wa [[Ethiopia]]. Alikuwa [[mmonaki]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[tenzi]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[vitabu]] kwa [[Kigeez]] aliyeathiri sana [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Ethiopia]], hasa upande wa [[liturujia]] na [[kalenda]] yake. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[14 Julai]]. ==Maandishi== * ''Book of Hours'' [for the Daytime] (''Sa'atat'')<ref>{{cite book|author1=Steve Delamarter|author2=Getatchew Haile|title=Catalogue of the Ethiopic Manuscript Imaging Project: Codices 106–200 and Magic Scrolls 135–284|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=neQFBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130|date=31 January 2013|publisher=Casemate Publishers|isbn=978-0-227-17384-8|page=130}}</ref> * ''Book of Hymns'' * ''Book of Mystery'' (''Masehafa mestir'', finished on 21 June 1424) * ''Book of Thanks'' (also known as ''Book of Light'') * ''Horologium of the Night Hours'' * ''Hymns of Praise'' * ''[https://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/download/414/416 Praises of the Cross]''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Praises of the Cross, Wǝddase Mäsqäl, by Abba Giyorgis of Gasǝč̣č̣a|journal=Aethiopica|first=Getatchew|last=Haile|date=18 April 2013|volume=14|issue=1|doi=10.15460/aethiopica.14.1.414}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== * {{cite book|last=Hastings|first=Adrian|ref=harv|title=The Church in Africa, 1450-1950|chapter=The Policies of Zara Ya'iqob|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r4x7g1w90SkC&pg=PA34|date=5 January 1995|publisher=Clarendon Press|isbn=978-0-19-152055-6|pages=34–37}} * {{cite journal|last = Lourié | first = Basil |ref=harv|title=An Archaic Jewish-Christian Liturgical Calendar in Abba Giyorgis of Sägla |journal=Scrinium|volume=12|issue=1|year=2016|pages=73–83|issn=1817-7530|doi=10.1163/18177565-00121p07}} ==Marejeo mengine== * {{cite journal|last = Lourié | first = Basil |script-title=ru:Авва Георгий из Саглы}} * {{cite journal|last = Lourié | first = Basil |author-mask=1|title=Julianism|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Aethiopica]] (EAE)|volume=3|pages=308–310}} * {{cite journal|first=A.|last=Bausi|title=Məśṭir: Mäṣḥafä məśṭir|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Aethiopica]] (EAE)|volume=3|pages=941–944}} * {{cite journal|first=G.|last=Colin|title=Giyorgis of Sägla|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia Aethiopica]] (EAE)|volume=2|page=812}} * {{cite book|author=Tadesse Tamrat|title=Church and State in Ethiopia, 1270–1527|url=https://archive.org/details/churchstateineth0000tadd|place=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|date=1972|isbn=9780198216711}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8mc91d3/entire_text/ A collection of Ethiopic manuscripts, various dates] * [https://thepocketscroll.wordpress.com/2009/08/26/saint-of-the-week-abba-giyorgis-saglawi/ Saint of the week] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|1365|1425}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ethiopia]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ethiopia]] p1ze865rlgbq10pgvpkrmsitssp3osj 0 121926 1540470 1534521 2026-05-11T15:03:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540470 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |<big>Rafiki</big> |- |'''Imeongozwa na''' |Wanuri Kahiu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenyan Director Wanuri Kahiu Is Fun, Fierce, Frivolous and Timely|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> |- |'''Imetayarishwa na''' |Steven Markovitz |- |'''Wasanii''' |Wanuri Kahiu Jena Cato Bass |- |'''Nyota''' |[https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Samantha Mugatsia] {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} [https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki Sheila Munyiva]{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki 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{{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 |- |'''Sinematografi''' |Christopher Wessels |- |'''Imehaririwa na''' |Isabelle Dedieu |- |'''Imetolewa tar.''' |9 May 2018 ([[Cannes]]) 23 September 2018 (Kenya) |- |'''Ina muda wa dakika''' |82 |- |'''Nchi''' |Kenya |- |'''Lugha''' |Kiingereza Kiswahili |- |'''Mauzo ya Ofisi''' |$176,513<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rafiki (2018) - Financial Information|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|work=The Numbers|accessdate=2020-03-05|archive-date=2024-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203144814/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} [[Picha:Wanuri Kahiu at the 2025 Sundance Film Festival (cropped).jpg|thumb|162x162px]] '''Rafiki'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RAFIKI|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki|work=Festival de Cannes 2019|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> ni [[filamu]] kutoka nchi ya [[Kenya]] iliyotengenezwa katika [[mwaka]] [[2018]]. Filamu imeongozwa na [http://www.wanurikahiu.com/bio Wanuri Kahiu] ambaye ni Mkenya. Yeye aliandika “Rafiki” na Jenna Bass, [[meneja]] wa cinema kutoka [[Afrika ya Kusini]]. == Hadithi == “Rafiki” inahusu wanawake wawili, Kena na Ziki, ambao walianza kupendana. Kena alitoka jiji la Nairobi na alikaa katika nyumba ya mama yake, lakini husaidia katika duka la baba yake. Baba ya Kena alifanya kampeni katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Wakati wa kufanya kazi, Kena alianza kuonyesha mapenzi na Ziki, mwanamke wa mtaa. Lakini, Ziki ni binti la Peter Okemi, mshindani wa baba ya Kena katika uchaguzi wa serekali ya mtaa. Hata hevyo, Ziki na Kena waliendelea mchezo wa datsi nyingi na walikuwa karibukaribu sana. Lakini hawaweza kuonyesha uhusiano wao kwa sababu usenge ni haramu katika nchi ya Kenya. Marafiki wa Ziki walikasirika kwa sababu yeye hutumia wakati mwingi na Kena kwa hivyo walimpiga Kena. Kisha, Ziki alisaidia kupona Kena katika nyumba ya Ziki lakini mama ya Ziki aliona, wakati alienda chumbani, wakibusu. Walijaribu kukimbia lakini kundi la watu wenye waliwapata. Wamekamatwa, kisha wazazi wao walikuja kuwachukua. Baddaye, wazazi wa Ziki wanampeleka jiji la London na wazazi wa Kena walificha hali hiyo yote. Mwisho wa filamu, miaka kadhaa baadaye, Ziki alirudi mtaa na alikutana na Kena tena. Kena alimaliza shule wakaanza tena uhusiano wao. == Washiriki == • Samantha Mugatsia ni Kena<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What I Learnt from My Lesbian Role in "Rafiki"- Samantha Mugatsia|url=https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/|work=Eelive|date=2019-03-13|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-US}}</ref> • Sheila Munyiva ni Ziki • Neville Misati ni Blacksta • Nini Wacera ni Mercy • Jimmy Gathu ni John Mwaura • Charlie Karumi ni Waireri • Muthoni Gathecha ni Mama Atim • Dennis Musyoka ni Peter Okemi • Patricia Amira ni Rose Okemi • Nice Githinji ni Nduta • Patricia Kihoro ni Josephine • Mellen Aura ni Elizabeth == Mapokezi == Wakati filamu "Rafiki" ilitolewa watu hawakuruhusiwa kuitazama katika nchi ya Kenya kwa sababu Bodi ya Uainishaji Filamu Nchini Kenya (KFCB) walipiga marufuku filamu<ref>{{Citation|title=Lesbian film banned ahead of Cannes debut|date=2018-04-27|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-05}}</ref>. KFCB walisema ni marufuku kwa sababu ya mada yake ya [[ushoga]] na dhamira ya wazi ya kukuza [[usagaji]] nchini Kenya kinyume na [[sheria]]. Bodi waliomba Wanuri Kahiu abadilishe mwisho wa filamu usiwe tumaini lakini Kahiu alisema hapana. Kwa hiyo, KFCB walionya watu kwamba wakinunua filamu wanaweza kuenda jela. Wapigania haki za ushoga wa kimataifa walikasirika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ban of Kenyan film over lesbianism criticised|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html|work=Daily Nation|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en}}</ref> Kisha, Wanuri Kahiu alidai [[serikali]] ya Kenya kwa sababu alitaka kuingia Tuzo la Chuo (Academy Award) cha Filamu Bora ya Lugha ya Kigeni kwa mwaka tisini na moja za maadhimisho<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Govt Sued for Preventing Kenyan Movie From Winning Oscars|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars|work=Kenyans.co.ke|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=EN|author=Mumbi Mutuko on 11 September 2018-6:45 pm}}</ref>. Mnamo [[21 Septemba]] 2018, [[Mahakama Kuu]] ya Wakenya iliondoa marufuku ya filamu kwa siku saba<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High Court lifts ban on lesbian movie, dismisses moral police Ezekiel Mutua|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.|date=2018-09-21|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Tuko.co.ke}}</ref>.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=High court lifts ban on lesbian themed movie 'Rafiki'|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/|work=The Star|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en-KE}}</ref> Baada ya marufuku kutolewa, “Rafiki” iliuzwa kabisa kutoka sinema katika jiji la Nairobi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lesbian film Rafiki sells out after Kenyan court lifts ban|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2018-09-23|accessdate=2020-03-05|language=en|author=Cecilie Kallestrup}}</ref>. Lakini, hata hivyo, “Rafiki” haikuenda Tuzo la Chuo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary {{Wayback|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rafiki-(Kenya)-(2018)#tab=summary |date=20240203144814 }} *https://twitter.com/InfoKfcb/status/989837096251781120 *https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Ban-of-Kenyan-film-over-lesbianism-criticised/1056-4535138-iuvqlo/index.html *https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43922780 *https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/rafiki *https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/33039-government-sued-preventing-kenyan-movie-winning-oscars *https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018-09-21-high-court-lifts-ban-on-lesbian-themed-movie-rafiki/ *https://www.tuko.co.ke/286608-high-court-lifts-ban-controversial-lesbian-movie-dismisses-moral-police-ezekiel-mutua.html#286608 *https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/lesbian-film-rafiki-sells-out-after-kenyan-court-lifts-ban-20180924-p505k2.html *https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-is-fun-fierce-frivolous-timely-1145485 *https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki {{Wayback|url=https://i-d.vice.com/en_uk/article/zm8eaj/meet-the-stars-of-kenyas-banned-lesbian-drama-rafiki |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} |date=20201028033653 }} *https://www.eelive.ng/what-i-learnt-from-my-lesbian-role-in-rafiki-samantha-mugatsia/ {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Kenya]] [[Jamii:filamu za 2018]] l1ndsg04y24vdjcc7csjzakxrcv4lbs 0 126194 1540830 1532874 2026-05-12T08:32:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540830 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saint Joanna and the Head of Saint John the Baptist.jpg|thumb|[[Picha takatifu]] ya [[Kiorthodoksi]] ya Yoana na [[kichwa]] cha [[Yohane Mbatizaji]].]] '''Yoana''' (kwa [[Kigiriki]]: Ἰωάννα γυνὴ Χουζᾶ au ''Ἰωάνα'' <ref>[http://biblehub.com/whvar/luke/24.htm Luke 24:10: [[Westcott and Hort]], ''The New Testament in the Original Greek''/Nestle-Aland ''Novum Testamentum Graece'', 27th edition variants]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, accessed 9 February 2017</ref><ref name=Zondervan>Douglas, J. D. and Tenney, Merrill C., ''Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary'' (2011), p. 742. ISBN 0310229839</ref>) alikuwa [[mke]] wa [[Kuza]], [[waziri]] wa [[Herode Antipa]]<ref>Hastings, Adrian. ''Prophet and witness in Jerusalem: a study of the teaching of St. Luke'', (London; New York: Longmans, Green, 1958), p.38</ref>. Alikuwa ameponywa na [[Yesu Kristo]] akawa mfuasi wake katika [[safari]] akimtegemeza [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] yeye na wafuasi wengine ([[Lk]] 8:2-3). Anatajwa kati ya [[wanawake]] waliowahi kwenda [[kaburi la Yesu|kaburini]] [[Jumapili]] [[asubuhi]] na mapema na kuona liko wazi (Lk 24:10)<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/92686</ref>. Anaheshimiwa na [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali ya [[Ukristo]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[24 Mei]]<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7</ref> au [[3 Agosti]]<ref>Philip H. Pfatteicher New Book of Festivals and Commemorations. Page 376. 2008.</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *Bauckham, Richard J., ''Gospel Women'' (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2002), pp.&nbsp;109–202. *Witherington, Ben, III, "Joanna: Apostle of the Lord — or Jailbait?", ''Bible Review'', Spring 2005, pp.&nbsp;12–14+ ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.aletheiacollege.net/bl/19-1Joanna_Character_Study.htm Character Study of Joanna] *[http://www.comeandseeicons.com/j/sgp15.htm Icon of St. Joanna the Myrrh-Bearer] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=0YrW3bxxGAsC&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=Joanna,+wife+of+Chuza&source=bl&ots=QENDXECHzF&sig=LgPkCYUJZOt-w29N3cjeM3EWOPw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Z51JVcGTBYSXygT1oIHYCg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAzge#v=onepage&q=Joanna%2C%20wife%20of%20Chuza&f=false Lockyer, Herbert. ''All the Women of the Bible] {{mbegu-mtu-Biblia}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 1]] [[Category:Watu wa Biblia]] [[Category:Wafuasi wa Yesu]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Israeli]] bwt4ao0mp1r3qios59ircmx40hk0d29 0 126203 1540376 1539952 2026-05-11T13:37:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ 1540376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Barat-Pere.jpg|thumb|Sanamu ya Mt. Sofia Barat katika [[Basilika la Mt. Petro]], [[Vatikani]].]] '''Magdalena Sofia Barat, [[R.S.C.J.]]''' ([[Joigny]], [[Burgundy]], [[12 Desemba]] [[1779]] – [[Paris]], [[25 Mei]] [[1865]]) alikuwa [[mtawa]] wa [[Ufaransa]], [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Moyo Mtakatifu wa Yesu]]<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |url=http://archive.org/details/histoiredelavn01baun |title=Histoire de la vénérable mère Madeleine-Sophie Barat : fondatrice de la Société du Sacré-Cur de Jésus |last=Baunard |first=Louis |date=1892 |publisher=Ch. Poussielgue |publication-place=Paris}}</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/33050</ref>. Katika kuliongoza kwa miaka 65 [[Sista|masista]] walifikia [[idadi]] ya 3,500, wakilea [[wasichana]] huko [[Ulaya]], [[Afrika]] na [[Amerika]].<ref name=society>[https://rscj.org/who-we-are/heritage/history "A Brief History of the Society of the Sacred Heart", Society of the Sacred Heart, United States – Canada]</ref> [[Papa Pius X]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[24 Mei]] [[1908]], halafu [[Papa Pius XI]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe 24 Mei [[1925]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] kwenye tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *[http://www.madeleinesophiebarat.com/index.htm Kilroy RSCJ, Phil, ''Madeleine Sophie Barat – A Life'', Cork University Press, Cork, Ireland, 2000] {{Wayback|url=http://www.madeleinesophiebarat.com/index.htm |date=20160530133708 }} *{{cite web |url=http://bernard-richard-histoire.com/2014/09/23/madeleine-sophie-barat-une-sainte-de-joigny-yonne-et-sa-communaute-dans-le-monde-les-dames-du-sacre-coeur/ |title=Madeleine-Sophie Barat, une sainte de Joigny (Yonne) et sa communauté dans le monde, les dames du Sacré-Cœur |date=23 September 2014 |first=Bernard |last=Richard |website=bernard-richard-histoire.com |language=French |accessdate=5 November 2016 |archivedate=2019-07-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731155257/http://bernard-richard-histoire.com/2014/09/23/madeleine-sophie-barat-une-sainte-de-joigny-yonne-et-sa-communaute-dans-le-monde-les-dames-du-sacre-coeur/ }} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050427073632/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintm59.htm Madeleine Sophie Barat] &mdash; Catholic Community Forum * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020601162632/http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/SaintOfDay/default.asp?id=1398 St. Madeleine Sophie Barat] &mdash; American Catholic * [http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Statues/Founders/SofiaMBarat/SofiaBarat.htm Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica] {{DEFAULTSORT:Barat, Magdalena Sofia}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1779]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1865]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Category:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] 2ntrp72vb3eghlo8uszjrgs4bkoc76h 0 126378 1540414 1114115 2026-05-11T14:05:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Лаура Ескивел.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Laura Esquivel, 2011.]] '''Laura Esquivel Valdés''' ([[Mexico City]], [[30 Septemba]] [[1950]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mshairi]] kutoka nchi ya [[Meksiko]].<ref>https://www.biography.com/writer/laura-esquivel</ref> ==Vitabu== * ''Como agua para chocolate'' ([[1989]]) * ''La ley del amor'' ([[1995]]) * ''Íntimas suculencias'' (cuentos) ([[1998]]) * ''Estrellita marinera'' ([[1999]]) * ''El libro de las emociones'' ([[2000]]) * ''Tan veloz como el deseo'' ([[2001]]) * ''Malinche'' ([[2006]]) * ''A Lupita le gustaba planchar'' ([[2014]]) * ''El diario de Tita'' ([[2016]]) * ''Mi negro pasado'' ([[2017]]) ==Marejeo== <references/> {{DEFAULTSORT:Esquivel, Laura}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Washairi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Meksiko]] eknviqmxegweib30g7xaskdhon5ty39 0 128612 1540795 1450111 2026-05-12T06:52:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Piarist.svg|thumb|[[Lebo]] ya shirika.]] '''Waskolopi''' ni [[jina]] lililozoeleka la [[watawa]] wa shirika linaloitwa kwa [[Kilatini]] ''Ordo Clericorum Regularium pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum'' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools''; [[kifupi]]: '''SchP'''). Lengo ni kuwapa [[elimu]] [[watoto]] [[maskini]]. Shirika hilo lilianzishwa na [[Yosefu Calasanz]] [[tarehe]] [[25 Machi]] [[1617]] na kwa sasa lina watawa 1,400 hivi [[duniani]] kote<ref>[http://www.scolopi.org www.scolopi.org]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * [[P. Helyot]], ''Histoire des ordres religieuses'' (1715), iv. 281 * J. A. Seyffert, ''Ordensregeln der Piaristen'' (Halle, 1783) * J. Schaller, ''Gedanken über die Ordensfassung der Piaristen'' (Prague, 1805) * A. Heimbucher, ''Orden und Kongregationen'' (1897) ii. 271 * articles by O. Zockler in Herzog-Hauck's ''Real-encyklopadie für protestantische Theologie'' (1904), vol. xv. * C. Kniel in ''Wetzer and Welte's Kirchen-lexikon'' (1895), vol. ix. For Calasanz, see * Timon-David, ''Vie de St Joseph Calasance'' (Marseilles, 1884) ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.scolopi.org General Curia of the Piarists: Official website] * [http://www.piarist.info Piarists in the U.S.A.] * [http://www.escolapiosbetania.org Piarists in Spain] * [http://www.pijarzy.pl Piarists in Poland] * [http://www.piaristen.at Piarists in Austria] * [http://www.piarista.hu Piarists in Hungary] * [http://www.scolopi.it Piarists in Italy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scolopi.it/ |date=20200805225733 }} * [http://www.piaristi.sk Piarists in Slovakia] * [http://stemarthe.free.fr/piaristes/index_uk.htm Piarist parish in France] * [http://piaristfathers.tripod.com/id19.html Piarists in Japan and Philippines] {{Wayback|url=http://piaristfathers.tripod.com/id19.html |date=20201022141707 }} * [http://www.facebook.com/PiaristVocations Piarist Vocations] {{mbegu-katoliki}} [[Jamii:Mashirika ya kitawa]] [[Jamii:Waskolopi| ]] 522lq3vfv3kxifycjvil7u47tm8ufhu 0 137470 1540740 1264500 2026-05-12T04:48:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540740 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Newlands_Rugby.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Uwanja wa Newlands]] '''Uwanja wa michezo wa Newlands''' ni uwanja wa [[michezo]] ambao kwa sasa hujulikana kama ''DHL Newlands'' kwa sababu ya udhamini uliopata<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/rugby/article773740.ece/Province-land-sponsorship-windfall|title=Province land sponsorship windfall |publisher=Times Live|access-date=2011-02-03}}</ref>. Uwanja huu unapatikana huko [[Cape Town]] nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Uwanja huo kwa sasa una uwezo wa kuchukua idadi ya watu 51,900, ikijumuisha wote watakao kaa na kusimama uwanjani humo. [[Timu]] mbalimbali hutumia uwanja huo kama uwanja wao wa nyumbani katika Ligi mbalimbali, Timu hizo ni kama: * '''Stormers''' Ligi ya ''Super Rugby'' * '''Western Province''' Ligi ya ''Currie Cup'' == Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.wprugby.com Western Province Rugby website]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.thestormers.com Website of the Stormers rugby union team] * [http://www.ajaxct.com Website of the Ajax Cape Town football team] {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Viwanja vya michezo Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii:Cape Town]] mpf2pacmqtz3n6nd2wg9macbasjs2yd 0 137904 1540762 1270190 2026-05-12T06:01:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540762 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viwanja vya Afrika kwa Ukubwa''' Idadi hii ya viwanja vya [[Afrika]] kwa ukubwa haionyeshi viwanja vyote katika [[bara]] la Afrika,idadi hii inaonyesha viwanja hivyo na uwezo wake wa kuchukua mashabiki. Viwanja vingi vya michezo na mpira katika bara la Afrika vinamilikiwa na vyama vya mashirikisho ya mpira wa soka katika nchi husika pamoja na michezo mingine ikiwemo [[riadha]] pamoja na rugby, viwanja vingi vya Afrika vina uwezo wa kuachukua watu 25000 na kuendelea, katika nchini ya [[Afrika kusini]] viliongezewa uwezo wake wa kuchukua mashabiki wakati wa [[Kombe la Dunia]] mwaka [[2010]] hadi kufikia uwezo wa kuchukua mashabiki 94700, Uwanja wa [[Cape Town]] ujenzi wake ulikuw ana gharama ya dola milioni 600 za kimarekani na i uwanja uliojengwa na kusimamiwa kwa na kampuni ya Murray & Roberts Construction Company.[https://tinamagazine.com/2018/04/best-stadiums-in-africa.html] {{Wayback|url=https://tinamagazine.com/2018/04/best-stadiums-in-africa.html |date=20210611125724 }} ==Viwanja == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Uwanja!!Uwezo!!Mji!!Tanzania!!Timu ya Nyumbani |- ||[[FNB Stadium]]||94,736||[[Johannesburg]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[South Africa national football team]], [[Kaizer Chiefs FC]] |- ||[[Borg El Arab Stadium]] ||86,000||[[Alexandria]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Egypt national football team]] |- ||[[Stade des Martyrs]] ||80,000 ||[[Kinshasa]]||{{flag|DR Congo}} || [[DR Congo national football team]] |- ||[[Cairo International Stadium]]||74,100||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Egypt national football team]], [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]], [[Zamalek SC|Zamalek]] |- ||[[Stade Mohammed V]]||67,000||[[Casablanca]]||{{flag|Morocco}} || [[Morocco national football team]], [[Raja Casablanca|Raja CA]], [[Wydad AC]] |- ||[[Stade 5 Juillet]] ||64,000||[[Algiers]]||{{flag|Algeria}} || [[Algeria national football team]], [[MC Alger]] |- ||[[Ellis Park Stadium]]||62,567||[[Johannesburg]]||{{flag|South Africa}} ||[[Lions (Super Rugby)|Lions]], [[Golden Lions]], [[South Africa national rugby union team|South Africa national rugby team]] |- ||[[Abuja Stadium]]||60,491||[[Abuja]]||{{flag|Nigeria}} ||[[Nigeria national football team]] |- ||[[Stade 7 November]]||60,000||[[Radès]]||{{flag|Tunisia}} ||[[Tunisia national football team]] |- |[[Stade National de la Côte d’Ivoire]]||60,000||[[Abidjan]]||{{flag|Ivory Coast}}||[[Ivory Coast national football team]] |- ||[[Stade Municipal de Kintélé]]||60,000||[[Brazzaville]]||{{flag|Congo}} ||[[Congo national football team]] |- ||[[Bahir Dar Stadium]]||60,000||[[Bahir Dar]]||{{flag|Ethiopia}} ||[[Ethiopia national football team]] |- ||[[National Stadium (Tanzania)|Mkapa Stadium]]||60,000||[[Dar es Salaam]]||{{flag|Tanzania}} || [[Tanzania national football team]] |- ||[[Stade Leopold Senghor]]||60,000||[[Dakar]]||{{flag|Senegal}} ||[[Senegal national football team]], [[ASC Jeanne d'Arc]] |- ||[[Moi International Sports Centre]]||60,000||[[Nairobi]]||{{flag|Kenya}} ||[[Kenya national football team]] |- ||[[Heroes National Stadium]]||60,000||[[Lusaka]]||{{flag|Zambia}}||[[Zambia national football team]] |- ||[[National Sports Stadium (Zimbabwe)|National Sports Stadium]]||60,000||[[Harare]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}} ||[[Zimbabwe national football team]] |- ||[[Odi Stadium]]||60,000||[[Mabopane]]||{{flag|South Africa}} ||[[Garankuwa United]] |- ||[[Mmabatho Stadium]] ||59,000||[[Mafikeng]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || |- ||[[Cape Town Stadium]]||58,300||[[Cape Town]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[Ajax Cape Town]] |- ||[[May 19, 1956 Stadium|May 19 Stadium]]||56,000||[[Annaba]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||[[USM Annaba]] |- ||[[Moses Mabhida Stadium]]||56,000||[[Durban]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[AmaZulu F.C.]] |- |- ||[[Kings Park Stadium]]||52,000||[[Durban]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[Sharks (rugby union)|Sharks]], {{Rut Sharks (Currie Cup)|CC=y}}, [[South Africa national rugby union team|South Africa national rugby team]] |- ||[[Stade Moulay Abdellah]]||52,000||[[Rabat]]||{{flag|Morocco}} ||[[FAR Rabat|AS FAR]], [[Morocco national football team]] |- ||[[Loftus Versfeld Stadium]]||51,762||[[Pretoria]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[Bulls (rugby union)|Bulls]], [[Blue Bulls]], [[South Africa national rugby union team|South Africa national rugby team]] |- ||[[Newlands Stadium]]||51,100||[[Cape Town]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[Stormers]], [[Western Province (rugby team)|Western Province]], [[South Africa national rugby union team|South Africa national rugby team]] |- ||[[June 11 Stadium]]||50,000||[[Tripoli]]||{{flag|Libya}} ||[[Libya national football team]], [[Al-Ahly (Tripoli)|Al-Ahly]], [[Al-Ittihad (Tripoli)|Al-Ittihad]], [[Al Madina Tripoli]] |- ||[[Estádio 11 de Novembro]]||50,000||[[Luanda]]||{{flag|Angola}} ||[[Angola national football team]], [[Atlético Petróleos Luanda|Petro Luanda]] |- ||[[Stade 26 mars]]||50,000||[[Bamako]]||{{flag|Mali}} ||[[Mali national football team]], [[Stade Malien]] |- ||[[Nongo Stadium]]||50,000||[[Conakry]]||{{flag|Guinea}} ||[[Guinea national football team]] |- ||[[Stade Tata Raphaël]]||50,000||[[Kinshasa]]||{{flag|DR Congo}}||[[AS Vita Club]], [[DC Motema Pembe]] |- ||[[Levy Mwanawasa Stadium]]||49,800||[[Ndola]]||{{flag|Zambia}}||[[Zambia national football team]], [[ZESCO United F.C.]] |- ||[[Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium]]||48,459||[[Port Elizabeth]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Southern Kings]], [[Eastern Province Elephants]], [[South Africa Sevens]] |- ||[[Peter Mokaba Stadium]]||46,000||[[Polokwane]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[South Africa national football team]] |- ||[[Free State Stadium]]||46,000||[[Bloemfontein]]||{{flag|South Africa}} || [[Cheetahs (rugby union)|Cheetahs]], [[Free State Cheetahs]], [[South Africa national rugby union team|South Africa national rugby team]] |- ||[[Stade Adrar]]||45,480||[[Agadir]]||{{flag|Morocco}}||[[Hassania Agadir]] |- ||[[Stade de Marrakech]]||45,240||[[Marrakech]]||{{flag|Morocco}}||[[Kawkab Marrakech]] |- ||[[National Stadium (Uganda)|Mandela National Stadium]]||45,202<ref>[http://stadiumdb.com/stadiums/uga/nelson_mandela_national_stadium Nelson Mandela National Stadium With Capacity of 45,202]</ref>||[[Kampala]]||{{flag|Uganda}}||[[Uganda Revenue Authority|Uganda Revenue Authority FC]], [[Uganda Police Force|Uganda Police FC]], [[Uganda national football team]] |- ||[[February 24, 1956 Stadium|February 24 Stadium]]||45,000||[[Sidi Bel Abbes]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||[[USM Bel-Abbès]] |- ||[[Egyptian Army Stadium]] ||45,000||[[Suez]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Petrojet SC|Petrojet]] |- ||[[Stade Ibn Batouta]]||45,000||[[Tanger]]||{{flag|Morocco}}||[[Ittihad de Tanger]] |- ||[[Fez Stadium]]||45,000||[[Fes, Morocco|Fes]]||{{flag|Morocco}}||[[Maghreb Fez]] |- ||[[Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]||45,000||[[Abidjan]]||{{flag|Ivory Coast}}|| [[ASEC Mimosas]] |- ||[[Lagos National Stadium]]||45,000||[[Lagos]]||{{flag|Nigeria}}|| Abandoned in 2004 |- ||[[Al-Merrikh Stadium]]||43,000||[[Omdurman]]||{{flag|Sudan}}||[[Sudan national football team]], [[Al-Merrikh]] |- ||[[Estádio da Machava]]||42,000||[[Maputo]]||{{flag|Mozambique}}||[[Mozambique national football team]] |- ||[[Estádio do Zimpeto]]||42,000||[[Maputo]]||{{flag|Mozambique}}||[[2011 All-Africa Games]] |- ||[[Royal Bafokeng Stadium]]||42,000||[[Rustenburg]]||{{flag|South Africa}} ||[[Platinum Stars]] |- ||[[Mbombela Stadium]]||40,929||[[Nelspruit]]||{{flag|South Africa}} ||[[Bidvest Wits F.C.|Bidvest Wits FC]] |- ||[[Baba Yara Stadium]]||40,528||[[Kumasi]]||{{flag|Ghana}} ||[[Asante Kotoko]], [[King Faisal Babes]] |- ||[[Stade Ahmadou Ahidjo]]||40,122||[[Yaoundé]]||{{flag|Cameroon}} || [[Canon Yaoundé]], [[Tonnerre Yaoundé]] |- ||[[Bingu National Stadium]] ||40,090<ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-01/30/c_136021453.htm New China News agency report Sept 29 2017]</ref>||[[Lilongwe]]||{{flag|Malawi}} || [[Malawi national football team]] |- ||[[Ahmed Zabana Stadium]]||40,000||[[Oran]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||[[MC Oran]], [[Algeria national rugby union team|Algeria national rugby team]] |- ||[[Mohamed Hamlaoui Stadium]]||40,000||[[Constantine, Algeria|Constantine]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||[[CS Constantine]] |- ||[[Kamazu Stadium]]||40,000||[[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]]||{{flag|Malawi}}||[[Malawi national football team]] |- ||[[March 28 Stadium]]||40,000||[[Benghazi]]||{{flag|Libya}}||[[Libya national football team]], [[Al-Ahly (Benghazi)|Al-Ahly]], [[Al-Nasr (Benghazi)|Al-Nasr]], [[Al Tahaddy Benghazi|Al Tahaddy]] |- ||[[Accra Sports Stadium]]||40,000||[[Accra]]||{{flag|Ghana}}||[[Accra Hearts of Oak Sporting Club]], [[Great Olympics]] |- ||[[Stade d'Angondjé]]||40,000||[[Libreville]]||{{flag|Gabon}}||[[Gabon national football team]] |- ||[[Stade du 4-Août]]||40,000||[[Ouagadougou]]||{{flag|Burkina Faso}} || [[Burkina Faso national football team]], [[Etoile Filante Ouagadougou]] |- ||[[Thohoyandou Stadium]]||40,000||[[Thohoyandou]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Black Leopards]] |- ||[[Orlando Stadium]]||40,000||[[Soweto]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Orlando Pirates F.C.|Orlando Pirates]] |- ||[[Barbourfields Stadium]]||40,000||[[Bulawayo]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||[[Highlanders F.C.]] |- ||[[Civo Stadium]]||40,000||[[Lilongwe]]||{{flag|Malawi}}||[[CIVO United]] |- ||[[Estádio da Cidadela]]||40,000||[[Luanda]]||{{flag|Angola}}|| [[Petro Atletico]], [[Sport Luanda e Benfica]], [[Clube Desportivo Primeiro de Agosto]] |- ||[[Stade El Menzah]]||39,858||[[Tunis]]||{{flag|Tunisia}} || |- ||[[Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium]]||38,000||[[Port Harcourt]]||{{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Dolphins F.C. (Port Harcourt)|Dolphins FC]] |- ||[[Johannesburg Stadium]]||37,500||[[Johannesburg]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Orlando Pirates]] |- ||[[National Stadium (Sierra Leone)]]||36,000||[[Freetown]]||{{flag|Sierra Leone}}|| [[Sierra Leone national football team]], [[East End Lions]], [[Mighty Blackpool]], [[Ports Authority F.C.]] |- ||[[Estadio de Bata]]||35,700||[[Bata, Equatorial Guinea|Bata]]||{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}||[[Equatorial Guinea national football team]] |- ||[[Mustapha Tchaker Stadium]]||35,000||[[Blida]]||{{flag|Algeria}} || [[USM Blida]], [[Algeria national football team]] |- ||[[Rouibah Hocine Stadium]]||35,000||[[Jijel]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||[[JS Djijel]] |- ||[[Arab Contractors Stadium|Osman Ahmed Osman Stadium]]||35,000||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Al Mokawloon Al Arab SC|Al Mokawloon Al Arab]] |- ||[[Stade Bouaké]]||35,000||[[Bouaké]]||{{flag|Ivory Coast}} || [[Bouaké|ASC Bouaké]] |- ||[[Al-Hilal Stadium]]||35,000||[[Omdurman]]||{{flag|Sudan}} || [[Al-Hilal Club (Omdurman)|Al-Hilal]] |- ||[[Mogadishu Stadium]] ||65,000||[[Mogadishu]]||{{flag|Somalia }} || [[Somalia national football team]], |- ||[[CCM Kirumba Stadium]]||35,000||[[Mwanza]]||{{flag|Tanzania}}|| [[Toto African]] |- ||[[Charles Mopeli Stadium]]||35,000||[[Phuthaditjhaba]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[Free State Stars]] |- ||[[Honneur Stadium]]||35,000||[[Oujda]]||{{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Mouloudia Oujda]] |- ||[[Pietersburg Stadium]]||35,000||[[Polokwane]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[Ria Stars]] |- ||[[Muhammadu Dikko Stadium]]||35,000||[[Katsina]]||{{flag|Nigeria}}|| [[Katsina United]] |- ||[[Rufaro Stadium]]||35,000||[[Harare]]||{{flag|Zimbabwe}}|| [[Dynamos F.C.|Dynamos FC]] |- ||[[Stade de l'Amitié]]||35,000||[[Cotonou]]||{{flag|Benin}}|| [[Benin national football team]] |- ||[[Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]||35,000||[[Abidjan]]||{{flag|Ivory Coast}}|| [[ASEC Mimosas]] |- |- ||[[Stade Général Seyni Kountché]]||35,000||[[Niamey]]||{{flag|Niger}}|| [[Sahel SC]] |- ||[[National Complex (Liberia)]]||35,000||[[Monrovia]]||{{flag|Liberia}}|| [[Liberia national football team]] |- ||[[Stade Municipal de Lubumbashi]]||35,000||[[Lubumbashi]]||{{Flag|DR Congo}} || [[TP Mazembe]] |- ||[[Complexo da Sr. da Graça]]||35,000||[[Benguela]]||{{flag|Angola}} ||[[Estrela Clube Primeiro de Maio|Primeiro de Maio]] |- ||[[Wanderers Stadium]]||34,000||[[Johannesburg]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Highveld Lions cricket team]], [[Transvaal cricket team]], [[South Africa national cricket team]] |- ||[[Athlone Stadium]]||34,000|| [[Cape Town]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Chippa United]], [[Santos Cape Town]] |- ||[[EPRU Stadium]]||33,852||[[Port Elizabeth]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Bay United FC]] |- ||[[Stade Alphonse Massemba-Débat]]||33,037||[[Brazzaville]]||{{flag|Congo}}|| [[CARA Brazzaville]], [[Etoile du Congo]] |- ||[[Addis Abeba Stadium]]||33,000||[[Addis Ababa]]||{{flag|Ethiopia}}|| [[Saint-George SA]] |- ||[[Olympia Stadium (Rustenburg)|Olympia Stadium]]||32,000||[[Rustenburg, North West|Rustenburg]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[South Africa national football team]], [[South Africa national rugby team]] |- ||[[Stade 20 Août 1955 (Skikda)|August 20, 1955 Stadium]] ||30,000 || [[Skikda]] || {{flag|Algeria}}||[[JSM Skikda]] |- ||[[Ahmed Kaïd Stadium]]||30,000||[[Tiaret]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||[[JSM Tiaret]] |- ||[[Stade Tahar Zoughari]]||30,000||[[Relizane]]||{{flag|Algeria}}||[[RC Relizane]] |- ||[[Godswill Akpabio International Stadium]]||30,000||[[Uyo]]||{{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Nigeria national football team]], [[Akwa United]] |- ||[[Jalingo City Stadium]]||30,000||[[Jalingo]]||{{flag|Nigeria}}||[[Taraba FC]] |- ||[[Stade Amahoro]]||30,000||[[Kigali]]||{{flag|Rwanda}}||[[Amavubi]] |- ||[[Nyayo National Stadium]]||30,000||[[Nairobi]]||{{flag|Kenya}}|| [[Kenya national football team]], [[A.F.C. Leopards]], [[Sofapaka F.C.|Sofapaka]] |- ||[[Stade de Kégué]]||30,000||[[Lomé]]||{{flag|Togo}}|| [[Togo national football team]] |- ||[[Independence Stadium (Bakau)]]||30,000||[[Bakau]]||{{flag|Gambia}}|| [[Gambia national football team]] |- ||[[Rand Stadium]]||30,000||[[Johannesburg]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[South Africa national football team]], [[Kaizer Chiefs FC]] |- ||[[Stade Municipal (Ouagadougou)]]||30,000||[[Ouagadougou]]||{{flag|Burkina Faso}}|| [[Santos Football Club (Burkina)|Santos Football Club]] |- ||[[Stade Municipal (Bobo Dioulasso)]]||30,000||[[Bobo-Dioulasso]]||{{flag|Burkina Faso}}|| [[Association Sportive des Fonctionnaires de Bobo]], [[Racing Club de Bobo]] |- ||[[Stade de la Réunification]]||30,000||[[Douala]]||{{flag|Cameroon}}|| [[Union Douala]], [[Les Astres FC]] |- ||[[Beni Ebeid Stadium]]||30,000||[[Beni Ebeid]]||{{flag|Egypt}}|| [[Beni Ebeid SC|Beni Ebeid]] |- ||[[Al Salam Stadium (Egypt)|Al Salam Stadium]]||30,000||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}}||[[El Entag El Harby SC|El Entag El Harby]] |- ||[[30 June Stadium]]||30,000||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}}||[[Egypt national football team]] |- ||[[Independence Stadium (Zambia)]]||30,000||[[Lusaka]]||{{flag|Zambia}}||[[Green Buffaloes]], [[Zambia national football team]] |- ||[[Stade Cheikh Laaghdef]]||30,000||[[El Aaiún]]||{{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Jeunesse Massira]] |- ||[[Nakivubo Stadium]]||30,000||[[Kampala]]||{{flag|Uganda}}|| [[Simba FC]], [[KCCA FC]] |- ||[[Stade Larbi Zaouli]]||30,000||[[Casablanca]]||{{flag|Morocco}}|| [[Tihad Sportif Casablanca]] |- ||[[Abebe Bikila Stadium]]||30,000||[[Addis Ababa]]||{{flag|Ethiopia}}|| [[Dedebit F.C.]] |- ||[[Lucas Masterpieces Moripe Stadium]]||28,900||[[Pretoria]]||{{flag|South Africa}}||[[Supersport United]], [[Mamelodi Sundowns]] |- ||[[Cairo Military Academy Stadium]]||28,500||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Wadi Degla SC|Wadi Degla]] |- ||[[Stade Olympique de Sousse]]||28,000||[[Sousse]]||{{flag|Tunisia}}||[[Étoile du Sahel]] |- ||[[Francistown Stadium]]||27,000||[[Francistown]]||{{flag|Botswana}}||[[Botswana national football team]], [[TAFIC]] |- ||[[Suez Stadium]] ||27,000||[[Suez]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Suez SC|Montakhab Suez]], [[Petrojet SC|Petrojet]] |- ||[[Botswana National Stadium]]||25,000||[[Gaborone]]||{{flag|Botswana}}||[[Township Rollers]], [[Gaborone United]] |- ||[[Stade de Franceville]]||25,000||[[Franceville]]||{{flag|Gabon}}|| [[Gabon national football team]] |- ||[[Stade Messaoud Zougar]]||25,000||[[El Eulma]]||{{flag|Algeria}}|| [[MC El Eulma]] |- ||[[Stade 8 Mai 1945]]||25,000||[[Sétif]]||{{flag|Algeria}}|| [[ES Sétif]] |- ||[[Stade Abdelhamid Bouteldja]] ||25,000 || [[Skikda]]||{{flag|Algeria}}|| [[JSM Skikda]] |- ||[[Ghazl El Mahalla Stadium]]||25,000||[[El Mahalla El Kubra]]||{{flag|Egypt}}||[[Ghazl El Mahalla SC|Ghazl El Mahalla]] |- ||[[Stade du 28 Septembre]]||25,000||[[Conakry]]||{{flag|Guinea}}|| [[Guinea national football team]] |- ||[[U. J. Esuene Stadium]]||25,000||[[Calabar]]||{{flag|Nigeria}}|| [[Calabar Rovers]] |- ||[[Obafemi Awolowo Stadium]]||25,000||[[Ibadan]]||{{flag|Nigeria}}|| [[Nigeria national football team]] |- ||[[Civo Stadium]]||25,000||[[Lilongwe]]||{{flag|Malawi}}|| [[Civo United]] |- ||[[Stade Modibo Kéïta]]||25,000||[[Bamako]]||{{flag|Mali}}|| [[AS Real Bamako]] |- ||[[Stade Charles de Gaulle]]||25,000||[[Porto-Novo]]||{{flag|Benin}}|| [[AS Dragons FC de l'Ouémé]] |- ||[[Independence Stadium (Namibia)]]||25,000||[[Windhoek]]||{{flag|Namibia}}|| [[Namibia national football team]] |- ||[[PAM Brink Stadium]]||25,000||[[Gauteng]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[Orlando Pirates]] |- ||[[Kingsmead Cricket Ground]]||25,000||[[Durban]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[Dolphins (cricket team)]] |- ||[[Newlands Cricket Ground]]||25,000||[[Cape Town]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[Cape Cobras]] |- ||[[HM Pitje Stadium]]||25,000||[[Tshwane]]||{{flag|South Africa}}|| [[South Africa national football team]] |- ||[[Awassa Kenema Stadium]]||25,000||[[Awassa]]||{{flag|Ethiopia}}|| [[Awassa City FC]] |- ||[[Bo Stadium]]||25,000||[[Bo, Sierra Leone|Bo]]||{{flag|Sierra Leone}}|| [[Bo Rangers]], [[Nepean Stars]] |- |} ===Viwanja=== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Stadium!!Capacity!!City!!Country!!Home Team/s!!Competition |- ||[[Khartoum Stadium]]||23,000||[[Khartoum]]||{{flag|Sudan}} || [[Al Khartoum SC]] || [[1957 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[1970 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[2011 African Nations Championship]] |- ||[[Haras El Hodoud Stadium]]||22,000||[[Alexandria]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Haras El Hodoud SC|Haras El Hodoud]] || [[2006 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup]] |- ||[[Tamale Stadium]]||21,017||[[Tamale, Ghana|Tamale]]||{{flag|Ghana}} || [[Real Tamale United]] || [[2008 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Sekondi-Takoradi Stadium]]||20,088||[[Sekondi-Takoradi]]||{{flag|Ghana}} || [[Sekondi Hasaacas FC]] || [[2008 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Stade Mustapha Ben Jannet]]||20,000||[[Monastir, Tunisia|Monastir]]||{{flag|Tunisia}} || [[US Monastir (football)|US Monastir]] || [[2004 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Stade 15 Octobre]]||20,000||[[Bizerte]]||{{flag|Tunisia}} || [[CA Bizertin]] || [[2001 Mediterranean Games]] / [[2004 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Stade d'Oyem]]||20,000||[[Oyem]]||{{flag|Gabon}} || [[Gabon national football team]] || [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Stade de Port-Gentil]]||20,000||[[Port-Gentil]]||{{flag|Gabon}} || [[Gabon national football team]] || [[2017 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Estádio Nacional do Chiazi]]||20,000||[[Cabinda (city)|Cabinda]]||{{flag|Angola}} || [[Angola national football team]] || [[2010 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Estádio Nacional da Tundavala]]||20,000||[[Lubango]]||{{flag|Angola}} || [[Angola national football team]] || [[2010 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Alexandria Stadium]]||19,676||[[Alexandria]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Al Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al Ittihad]], [[Smouha SC|Smouha]] ||[[1974 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[1986 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[2006 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup]] / [[2019 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Ismailia Stadium]]||18,525||[[Ismailia]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Ismaily SC|Ismaily]] || [[2006 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup]] / [[2019 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Al Masry Club Stadium]]||18,000||[[Port Said]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Al Masry SC|Al Masry]] || [[2006 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup]] |- ||[[Stade Taïeb Mhiri]] ||18,000||[[Sfax]]||{{flag|Tunisia}} || [[CS Sfaxien]] ||[[2004 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Stade Chedly Zouiten]] ||18,000||[[Tunis]]||{{flag|Tunisia}} || [[Stade Tunisien]] ||[[1965 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[1994 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[1977 FIFA World Youth Championship]] |- ||[[Sani Abacha Stadium]]||16,000||[[Kano]]||{{flag|Nigeria}} || [[Kano Pillars]] || [[2000 African Cup of Nations]] / [[2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup]] |- ||[[Nuevo Estadio de Malabo]]||15,250||[[Malabo]]||{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} || [[Equatorial Guinea national football team]] || [[2012 Africa Cup of Nations]] / [[2015 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Mokhtar El Tetsh Stadium]]||15,000||[[Cairo]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]] || [[1959 Africa Cup of Nations]] |- ||[[Ala'ab Damanhour Stadium]]||8,000||[[Damanhour]]||{{flag|Egypt}} || [[Ala'ab Damanhour SC|Ala'ab Damanhour]] || [[1974 Africa Cup of Nations]] |} ==Vilivyo kwenye Matengenezo== Hii ni idadi ya viwanja vilivyo katika matengenezo lakini ambato vitakuwa na uwezo wa kuchukuamashabiki 20,000 {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Stadium !! Capacity !! City !! Country !! Tenant(s) !! Opening |- |Egypt National Stadium||91,000||[[New Administrative Capital]]||{{EGY}}||[[Egypt national football team|Egypt]]||2021 |- |[[Grand Stade de Casablanca]]||90,000||[[Casablanca]]||{{MAR}}||[[Morocco national football team|Morocco]], [[Raja Casablanca]], [[Wydad Casablanca]]||TBD |- |Saleh Selim Stadium||60,000||[[Cairo]]||{{EGY}}||[[Al Ahly SC|Al Ahly]]||TBD |- |[[Paul Biya Stadium]]||60,000||[[Yaoundé]]||{{CMR}}||[[Cameroon national football team]]||2020 |- |National Stadium||60,000||[[Tema]]||{{GHA}}||[[Ghana national football team]]||2022 |- |[[Addis Ababa National Stadium]]||60,000||[[Addis Ababa]]||{{ETH}}||[[Ethiopia national football team]], [[Saint George FC]]||2019 |- |[[Stade Abdelkader Khalef]]||50,766||[[Tizi Ouzou]]||{{ALG}}||[[JS Kabylie]]||2021 |- |[[Japoma Stadium]]||50,000||[[Douala]]||{{CMR}}||[[Union Douala]], [[New Star de Douala]], [[Astres FC]]||2020 |- |[[Wadi Al Rabi Stadium]]||50,000||[[Tripoli]]||{{LBY}}||[[Libya national football team]]||TBD |- |[[Stade Olympique de Sousse]]||49,000||[[Sousse]]||{{TUN}}||[[ES Sahel]]||2021 |- |Grand Stade Tetouan||45,600||[[Tétouan]]||{{MAR}}||[[Moghreb Tétouan]]||2022 |- |[[Abdelhamid Kermali Stadium]]||40,784<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2020/05/10/baraki-le-stade-dote-de-40-784-sieges-181144.php |title=Baraki : Le stade doté de 40 784 sièges |access-date=10 May 2020 |archive-date=2020-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510202418/http://www.dzfoot.com/2020/05/10/baraki-le-stade-dote-de-40-784-sieges-181144.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>||[[Baraki, Algiers|Baraki]]||{{ALG}}||[[USM El Harrach]]||2021 |- |[[Abdelkader Fréha Stadium]]||40,143||[[Oran]]||{{ALG}}||[[MC Oran]]||2021 |- ||[[Stade Omar Bongo]]||40,000||[[Libreville]]||{{GAB}}||[[Gabon national football team]], [[FC 105 Libreville]]||TBD |- |[[Douera Sportpark Stadium]]||40,000||[[Douéra]]||{{ALG}}||[[Algeria national football team]]||2021 |- |Sports City Stadium||40,000||[[Sfax]]||{{TUN}}||[[CS Sfaxien]]||TBD |- |New Al Hoceima Stadium||40,000||[[Al Hoceima]]||{{MAR}}||[[Chabab Rif Al Hoceima]]||TBD |- |Complexe sportif de Côte d'Or||30,000||[[Highlands]]||{{MRI}}||[[Mauritius national football team]]||2021 |- |[[Al Kremiah Stadium]]||25,000||[[Tripoli]]||{{LBY}}||[[Alahly SC (Tripoli)|Al-Ahli Tripoli]]||TBD |- |[[Murbat Stadium]]||21,442||[[Misrata]]||{{LBY}}||[[Asswehly SC]]||TBD |- |[[Stade de Korhogo]]||20,000||[[Korhogo]]||{{CIV}}||[[Ivory Coast national football team]]||2021 |- |[[Stade de San Pédro]]||20,000||[[San Pédro]]||{{CIV}}||[[Séwé FC]]||2021 |- |[[Stade de Yamoussoukro]]||20,000||[[Yamoussoukro]]||{{CIV}}||[[Société Omnisports de l'Armée]]||2021 |- |[[New Sig Stadium]]||20,000||[[Sig, Algeria|Sig]]||{{ALG}}||[[CC Sig]]||2021 |- |[[Victoria Falls Cricket Stadium]]||12,000||[[Victoria Falls]]||{{ZIM}}||[[Matabeleland Tuskers]]||2022 |- |} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii:Michezo]] ajp3eme3a3m2bhr76uaqaobb3kw3oyd 0 144622 1540719 1527178 2026-05-12T02:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Timothy Daniel Brand''' (alizaliwa [[Novemba 29]] [[1998]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tim BRAND|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/tim-brand|work=Olympics.com|accessdate=2021-12-03}}</ref> ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa magongo]] Mwaustralia anayecheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] kwenye klabu ya [[Uholanzi]] ya Klein Zwitserland na [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Australia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tim Brand: Australia’s very own Dutchman|url=https://hockey.nl/nieuws/internationaal/tim-brand-australias-very-own-dutchman/|work=Hockey.nl|accessdate=2021-12-03|language=nl}}</ref> Brand alizaliwa [[Uholanzi]] na amekulia Chatswood, jimbo la [[New South Wales]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tim Brand|url=https://www.hockey.org.au/tim-brand/|work=www.hockey.org.au|accessdate=2021-12-03|language=en|author=Hockey Australia}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:USLWO]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Australia]] jywfwqlg3x3bszip18at3k37e6ejsfx 0 146724 1540749 1530339 2026-05-12T05:29:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540749 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Veneranda Nzambazamariya''' alizaliwa Rwanda tarehe 8 Agosti [[1957]] na alifariki tarehe 30 Januari 2000 katika ajali ya ndege ya [[Kenya Airways Flight 431]] karibu na Côte d’Ivoire.<ref name=":1">Mwambari, David (2019-12-23). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331299552_Leadership_Emergence_in_Post-Genocide_Rwanda_The_role_of_Women_in_Peacebuilding Leadership Emergence in Post-Genocide Rwanda: The role of Women in Peacebuilding]". ''Leadership and Developing Societies''. '''2''' (1): 88–104 – via ResearchGate.</ref> Alijulikana kwa kuunganisha watu wa makundi tofauti, hasa katika kipindi cha baada ya mauaji ya kimbari Rwanda. Alikuwa pia mshauri kwa vijana, akisisitiza elimu na ushiriki wa kiraia katika kujenga jamii bora.<ref name=":3" /> Alikuwa kiongozi wa wanawake nchini Rwanda na baadaye akatunukiwa tuzo ya Millennium Peace Prize for Women.<ref name="unifem-bio-2001">{{cite web |date=2001 |title=2001 Peace Prize Recipients - Biography - Veneranda Nzambazamariya |url=http://www.undp.org/unifem/mpprize/rwandabio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011031071457/http://www.undp.org/unifem/mpprize/rwandabio.html |archive-date=2001-10-31 |access-date=5 November 2016 |publisher=[[United Nations]] |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |year=2010 |title=Century of Women |url=http://vov.com/files/exhibitions/The-Century-of-Women.pdf |access-date=2023-11-17 |publisher=Victory Over Violence |page=16}}</ref> Alisoma na baadaye akajihusisha na mashirika ya kiraia, jambo lililomsaidia katika kazi yake ya kukuza [[usawa wa kijinsia]] na kujenga amani.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea jarida |last=Burnet |first=Jennie E. |date=2008-07-01 |title=Gender Balance and the Meanings of Women in Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda |url=https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article/107/428/361/12456 |journal=African Affairs |volume=107 |issue=428 |pages=361–386 |doi=10.1093/afraf/adn024 |issn=0001-9909}}</ref> == Kazi ya kibinadamu == Nzambazamariya alikuwa mshawishi mkubwa wa amani na mshikamano wa kijamii. Akiwa rais wa Pro-Femmes/Twese Hamwe, alisimamia programu za mikopo midogo (microcredit), vyama vya kilimo, na mafunzo ya kusoma na kuandika ili kuwawezesha wanawake kiuchumi na kijamii katika Rwanda ya baada ya mauaji ya kimbari.<ref name=":3" /> Alikuwa pia mwanachama mwanzilishi wa Reseau de Femmes na Pro-Femmes Twese Hamwe.<ref name=":3" /> Aidha alishiriki katika Kamati ya Wanawake ya Amani na Maendeleo, akilenga kurekebisha mifumo ya kijamii na kisheria iliyokuwa ikiwabagua wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| title=Building a Culture of Peace for the Children of the World | url=http://vov.com/files/exhibitions/Building-A-Culture-Of-Peace.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024112017/http://vov.com/files/exhibitions/Building-A-Culture-Of-Peace.pdf | archive-date=2015-10-24}}</ref> == Tuzo == Tuzo ya Millennium Peace Prize for Women ilianzishwa mwaka [[2001]] na United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM, sasa UN Women) kwa ajili ya kuwaheshimu wanawake waliotoa mchango mkubwa katika kujenga amani duniani. Nzambazamariya alikuwa mpokeaji wa kwanza wa tuzo hii, kutokana na uongozi wake katika kuhimiza maridhiano kupitia Pro-Femmes/Twese Hamwe na kampeni za amani zilizoimarisha ushiriki wa wanawake katika jamii ya Rwanda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Press Briefing by UN Development Fund For Women on Millennium Peace Prize {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://press.un.org/en/2001/unifembriefing.doc.htm |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=press.un.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>"[https://africanactivist.msu.edu/record/210-849-31176/ African Activist Archive]". ''africanactivist.msu.edu''. Retrieved 2024-11-18.</ref> == Kifo na urithi == Baada ya kifo chake katika ajali ya ndege ya Kenya Airways Flight 431, kifo cha Nzambazamariya kilileta pengo kubwa katika jamii ya Rwanda na duniani katika harakati za kujenga amani.<ref name=":1" /> Urithi wake unaendelea kupitia shirika la Nzambazamariya Veneranda Organization lililoanzishwa mwaka [[2000]], linalohimiza amani, haki, na maendeleo endelevu kwa kutumia falsafa ya [[Ubuntu philosophy|Ubuntu]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=staff |first=CBSNews com staff CBSNews com |date=2001-03-09 |title=U.N. Awards Women Peacemakers - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/un-awards-women-peacemakers/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">Ukwezi. (2022). ''Byinshi wamenya kuri Nzambazamariya Veneranda umaze imyaka 22 yishwe n’impanuka y’indege.'' Retrieved from http://ukwezi.com/Mu-rwanda/Ubuzima/article/Byinshi-wamenya-kuri-Nzambazamariya-Veneranda-umaze-imyaka-22-yishwe-n-impanuka-y-indege{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kila mwaka tarehe 30 Januari, familia yake na wanachama wa shirika lake hukumbuka mchango wake kupitia kumbukumbu na kuweka maua kwenye kaburi lake lililopo Remera Cemetery.<ref name=":2" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] [[Jamii:FFD22]] 6jxpm24sry617jco41v8isom6knhchc 0 148980 1540483 1524230 2026-05-11T15:42:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Redouane Aouameur''' (alizaliwa [[27 Novemba]] [[1976]] huko [[Algiers]]) ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa nchini [[Algeria]] .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Kadi|first=Nadir|date=11 July 2019|title=Redouane Aouameur, leader du groupe Métal Lelahell : "J’aimerais dire aux jeunes, n’ayez pas peur, frappez à toutes les portes…"|url=https://www.reporters.dz/redouane-aouameur-leader-du-groupe-metal-lelahell-jaimerais-dire-aux-jeunes-nayez-pas-peur-frappez-a-toutes-les-portes/|access-date=13 February 2021|website=REPORTERS ALGERIE|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2022-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809201627/https://www.reporters.dz/redouane-aouameur-leader-du-groupe-metal-lelahell-jaimerais-dire-aux-jeunes-nayez-pas-peur-frappez-a-toutes-les-portes/}}</ref> == Kazi == [[Faili:Rsz img 6951.jpg|alt=Redouane Aouameur|thumb|Redouane Aouameur]] Katika kipindi cha [[miongo]] miwili iliyopita Aouameur amewatia moyo Waalgeria wanaochipukia katika [[muziki]] wa metali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=liberte-algerie.com|title="Le métal ne se démocratisera jamais en Algérie": Toute l'actualité sur liberte-algerie.com|url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/culture/le-metal-ne-se-democratisera-jamais-en-algerie-245425|access-date=13 February 2021|website=www.liberte-algerie.com/|language=FR|accessdate=2022-04-23|archivedate=2016-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160518012222/http://www.liberte-algerie.com/culture/le-metal-ne-se-democratisera-jamais-en-algerie-245425}}</ref> Alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza kama mpiga bezi wa [[wimbo]] wa kwanza kabisa wa metali uliokithiri nchini [[Algeria]] "Neanderthalia" mwishoni mwa miaka ya 90 na ameanzisha [[albamu]] ya kwanza ya chuma ya [[Algeria]] na bendi ya "Litham". Mnamo mwaka [[2004]] aliunda "Carnavage", bendi ya kwanza ya [[Algeria]] grindcore Leo Redouane anajulikana kama mtu wa mbele kwa "Lelahell". Mnamo [[Januari]] [[2016]], [[filamu]] ya dakika 52 yenye kichwa "Barabara kuu ya kwenda Lelahell" ilichapishwa. Inafuatilia taaluma ya Redouane Aouameur, aliyetajirishwa kwa miaka 23, ambayo inachanganyika na historia ya Metal nchini [[Algeria]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Abchiche|first=Samir|title=Highway to Lelahell – An Algerian Metal Documentary|date=1 January 2016|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12478450/|type=Documentary, Music|others=Redouane Aouameur, Sabri Ait Younes, Lamine Benabbou, Farid Sebki|access-date=14 February 2021|last2=Bestandji|first2=Fouad}}</ref> == Safu ya Lelahell == '''Redouane Aouameur''' – Gitaa na Sauti '''Lemir Siam''' – Ngoma '''Ramzi Abbas''' – Bass == Diskografia == ===Neanderthalia=== [[1995]]: ''Demo'' ===Litham=== [[1999]]: ''Dhal Ennar (The first Algerian metal album)'' [[2002]]: ''Promo [[2002]] (Demo)'' [[2006]]: ''Promo [[2006]] (Demo)'' ===Carnavage=== [[2005]]: ''Carnival of Carnage (Demo)'' [[2007]]: ''The Hairless Fat Carnage Deed ([[Extended play|EP]])'' ===Devast=== [[2008]]: ''Art of Extermination'' ===Lelahell=== <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=1 November 2019|title=Cosa significa essere una Heavy Metal band in Algeria ? Lo abbiamo chiesto ai Lelahell… -|url=https://www.musicalnews.com/2019/11/01/cosa-significa-essere-una-heavy-metal-band-in-algeria-lo-abbiamo-chiesto-ai-lelahell/|access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=25 April 2019|title=Lelahell: "En nuestra música hablamos, en general, sobre nuestra vida diaria y experiencias pasadas"|url=https://www.mautorland.com/sin-fronteras/lelahell-en-nuestra-musica-hablamos-en-general-sobre-nuestra-vida-diaria-y-experiencias-pasadas/|access-date=13 February 2021|website=Rock, metal, sonidos distorsionados y algo más|language=es}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[2012]]: ''Al Intihar (EP)'' [[2014]]: ''Al Insane The (Re)birth of Abderrahmane'' [[2018]]: ''Alif'' ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aouameur, Redouane}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] a4rc3ezkeq1bxjh936bpnevfuf3nenb 0 151489 1540594 1525488 2026-05-11T19:47:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 23 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shahnez Boushaki''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1985]] huko [[Algiers]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[Mpira wa kikapu|mpira wa vikapu]] wa [[Algeria]] anayechezea GS Pétroliers na [[timu ya taifa]] ya mpira wa vikapu ya [[Mwanamke|wanawake]] ya Algeria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shahnez BOUSHAKI at the Afrobasket Women 2015|url=https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/afrobasketwomen/2015/player/Shahnez-Boushaki|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Fiba.basketball|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shahnez Boushaki|url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Play.fiba3x3.com}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Boushaki aliichezea MC Alger misimu minane tangu [[2002]], na alivaa [[jezi]] nyekundu msimu wake wa kwanza huko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/424110|title=Basketball/Coupe d'Algérie (Dames): le GS Pétroliers remporte le trophée face à l'OC Alger (73-55)|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104229/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/424110|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alianza taaluma yake na GS Pétroliers ya [[Kombe]] la Mpira wa Kikapu la Wanawake la Algeria mwaka wa 2010. Boushaki alishinda Kombe la Mpira wa Kikapu la Wanawake la Algeria [[2015]] akiwa na timu yake GS Pétroliers ambao waliwashinda wapinzani wao OC Alger katika mechi ya mwisho kwa alama 73-55.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/179295|title=BASKET-BALL : COUPE D'ALGERIE SENIORS DAMES|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref> Ameshiriki na timu yake ya GS Pétroliers katika mashindano kadhaa ya mpira wa vikapu ndani ya mfumo wa Mashindano ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya Klabu za Kiarabu, ambayo ni: * Mashindano ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya Klabu ya Wanawake ya Kiarabu ya 2014 nchini Misri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/109326|title=Le GSP premier qualifié pour les demies|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/412577|title=Basket/Championnat arabe (Dames) : le GS Pétroliers premier qualifié pour les demi-finales|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104737/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/412577|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mashindano ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya Klabu ya Wanawake ya Kiarabu ya 2016 3x3 huko Sharjah.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/events/915a56d8-b057-4cfc-bfc9-8bf7a7972fab/teams|title=The Arab Clubs 3x3 Championship For Women|website=Play.fiba3x3.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/448403|title=Championnat arabe de basket-ball dames (3x3) : le GS Pétroliers remporte le trophée|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091225/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/448403|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/204252|title=Basket-ball|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091416/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/204252|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/aps/435621|title=البطولة العربية للأندية لكرة السلة سيدات (3x3): تتويج المجمع البترولي باللقب|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101504/https://www.djazairess.com/aps/435621|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Boushaki alikuwa mwanachama wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa vikapu ya Algeria tangu [[2010]]. Mnamo [[2017]], alikuwa mshiriki wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa vikapu ya wanawake ya Algeria iliyofuzu kwa [[Kombe]] la Mabingwa wa Klabu Bingwa Afrika ya FIBA 2017.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://radioalgerie.dz/news/fr/article/20150420/37727.html|title=Afrobasket 2015 - Eliminatoires (Z1) : les basketteuses algériennes en stage &#124; Radio Algérienne|website=Radioalgerie.dz|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://afrique444.rssing.com/chan-34688798/article304-live.html|title=ALGERIE : finale de coupe d’Algérie (Dames) GSP - OCA (73-55) : le plein pour les Pétrolières|website=Afrique444.rssing.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/10875|title=Supporteurs algériens : Arrivée du premier groupe|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 22, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222111809/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/10875|url-status=dead}}</ref> === FIBA === Alishiriki katika hafla nne za ukanda wa FIBA Afrika katika kiwango cha juu: * Mashindano ya 2013 ya FIBA Afrika kwa Wanawake nchini Msumbiji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dknews-dz.com/article/33345-basket-ball-equipe-nationale-dames-les-basketteuses-algeriennes-en-preparation-a-alger.html|title=Sports : Basket-ball / Equipe nationale (dames) : Les basketteuses algériennes en préparation à Alger|website=Dknews-dz.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.newsbasket-beafrika.com/article-afrobasket-2013-les-algeriennes-sont-a-maputo-120149417.html|title=Afrobasket 2013: Les Algériennes sont à Maputo|website=Newsbasket-beafrika.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215104128/http://www.newsbasket-beafrika.com/article-afrobasket-2013-les-algeriennes-sont-a-maputo-120149417.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/428533|title=Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217102537/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/428533|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/1436223|title=Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217104949/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/1436223|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemidi/1309191302|title=La sélection algérienne quitte Alger pour Maputo|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217092833/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemidi/1309191302|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/elkhabar/355955|title=تجديد العهد مع المنافسة القارية بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101443/https://www.djazairess.com/elkhabar/355955|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/alseyassi/15196|title=بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101453/https://www.djazairess.com/alseyassi/15196|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/algeriapress/12734|title=المنتخب الجزائري يجدد العهد مع المنافسة القارية بعد 10 سنوات من الغياب|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101445/https://www.djazairess.com/algeriapress/12734|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mashindano ya 2015 ya FIBA Afrika kwa Wanawake nchini [[Cameroon]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elwatan.com/archives/sports-archives/le-basket-ball-national-feminin-se-cherche-20-09-2013|title=Le basket-ball national féminin se cherche &#124; El Watan|website=Elwatan.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215111040/https://www.elwatan.com/archives/sports-archives/le-basket-ball-national-feminin-se-cherche-20-09-2013}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/177836|title=Basket-ball : éliminatoires de l'Afrobasket-2015 dames|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215110956/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lesoirdalgerie/177836|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/241620|title=Les Algériennes en préparation à Alger|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217083829/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/241620|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/421853|title=Afrobasket-2015 (éliminatoires): les Algériennes visent la qualification|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217090113/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/421853|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.basketmali.com/en/diarra-se-distingue-dans-la-victoire-du-senegal-face-a-lalgerie/|title=Diarra se distingue dans la victoire du Sénégal face à l’Algérie|website=Basketmali.com|date=September 26, 2015|access-date=February 20, 2022|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220162447/https://www.basketmali.com/en/diarra-se-distingue-dans-la-victoire-du-senegal-face-a-lalgerie/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.africansportsmonthly.com/1/post/2015/09/diarra-stands-out-as-senegal-beat-algeria.html|title=Diarra stands out as Senegal beat Algeria|website=Africansportsmonthly.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217095619/http://www.africansportsmonthly.com/news/diarra-stands-out-as-senegal-beat-algeria}}</ref> * Kombe la Mabingwa wa Afrika la FIBA 2016 kwa Wanawake nchini Msumbiji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/259879|title=Coupe d'Afrique des clubs champions de basket-ball (dames)|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085953/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/259879|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/122699|title=Mission difficile pour le GS Pétroliers à Maputo|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085544/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/122699|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/449489|title=Basket/Coupe d'Afrique des clubs champions dames: mission difficile pour le GS Pétroliers à Maputo|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085345/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/449489|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/197681|title=Les Pétrolières peaufinent leur préparation en Tunisie|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217103156/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/197681|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/coupe-d-afrique-des-clubs-champions-de-4462193-Articles-0-0-1.html|title=Coupe d'Afrique des clubs champions de basket-ball (dames)|website=Vitaminedz.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Les+Petrolieres+peaufinent+leur+preparation+en+Tunisie-a0470939408|title=Les Petrolieres peaufinent leur preparation en Tunisie. - Free Online Library|website=Thefreelibrary.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/aps/436492|title=كرة السلة - كأس إفريقيا للأندية البطلة (سيدات): مهمة عسيرة للمجمع البترولي في مابوتو|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101448/https://www.djazairess.com/aps/436492|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kombe la Mabingwa wa Afrika la FIBA 2017 kwa Wanawake nchini Angola.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/271023|title=Le GS Pétroliers vise le dernier carré|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085345/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/271023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lexpression/279525|title=Les Dames du GSP visent le dernier carré|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217085541/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lexpression/279525|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/465217|title=Basket/Championnat d'Afrique des clubs champions (dames): le GS Pétroliers vise le dernier carré|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217103209/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/465217|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Michezo ya Afrika === Ameshiriki na timu yake ya GS Pétroliers katika mashindano mbalimbali ya mpira wa vikapu ndani ya mfumo wa Michezo ya Afrika, ambayo ni: * Michezo ya Afrika Yote ya 2011 nchini [[Msumbiji]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://wikioes.icu/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2011_All-Africa_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_rosters#_Algeria|title=Baloncesto en los Juegos All-Africa 2011 - listas de equipos femeninos|website=Wikioes.icu|access-date=February 20, 2022|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217095438/https://wikioes.icu/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2011_All-Africa_Games_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_team_rosters#_Algeria}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/203466|title=Les basketteuses algériennes à Istanbul|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217083832/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/203466|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/51003|title=أحمد لوباشرية (المدير الفني الوطني لكرة السلة) ل ''المساء'':|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101408/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/51003|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/50659|title=المنتخب الوطني النسوي لكرة السلة|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101424/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/50659|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Michezo ya Afrika ya 2015 katika [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]].<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.todor66.com/basketball/Africa/Women_AG_2015.html|title=Women Basketball XI Africa Games 2015 Brazzaville (CGO) Wednesday 09.09 - Friday 18.09 - Winner Mali|website=Todor66.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/108883|title=استعدادات مكثفة للبطولة والألعاب الإفريقية|website=Djazairess.com|access-date=February 20, 2022|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217101504/https://www.djazairess.com/elmassa/108883|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Matokeo ya michezo == <center> {| class="wikitable" |+ Matokeo ya michezo ya Shahnez Boushaki<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html|title=archive.fiba.com: Players|website=Archive.fiba.com|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref> |- ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | # ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Tukio la michezo ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Imeainishwa ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Alama kwa kila Mchezo (PPG) ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Rebounds kwa kila Mchezo (RPG) ! scope="col" style="background-color: pink;" | Usaidizi kwa kila Mchezo (APG) |- | style="text-align:left; " | 1 | style="text-align:left; " | '''2013 FIBA michuano ya Afrika kwa Wanawake'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shahnez Boushaki profile, FIBA Africa Championship for Women 2013|url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/9643/tid/233/_/2013_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=FIBA.COM|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219130717/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/9643/tid/233/_/2013_FIBA_Africa_Championship_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Afrobasket 2013 (dames) : la sélection algérienne quitte Alger pour Maputo|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/321166|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Djazairess|archive-date=2022-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204170649/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/321166|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Afrobasket-2013 : la liste des douze joueuses algériennes communiquée|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/321106|access-date=2022-02-19|website=Djazairess|archive-date=2022-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217090111/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/apsfr/321106|url-status=dead}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | style="text-align:center;" | 1,4 | style="text-align:center;" | 1,8 | style="text-align:center;" | 0,0 |- | style="text-align:left; " | 2 | style="text-align:left; " | '''2015 FIBA michuano ya Afrika kwa Wanawake'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shahnez Boushaki profile, Afrobasket Women 2015|url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/11380/tid/233/_/2015_Afrobasket_Women_Final_Round/index.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=FIBA.COM|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220122939/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/11380/tid/233/_/2015_Afrobasket_Women_Final_Round/index.html}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 11 | style="text-align:center;" | 5,1 | style="text-align:center;" | 3,4 | style="text-align:center;" | 2,3 |- | style="text-align:left; " | 3 | style="text-align:left; " | '''Kombe la Mabingwa wa Vilabu vya Wanawake Afrika 2016 FIBA'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shahnez Boushaki profile, FIBA Africa Champions Cup for Women 2016|url=http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/12764/_/2016_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html|access-date=2022-02-19|website=FIBA.COM|accessdate=2022-06-05|archivedate=2022-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219103010/http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fa/player/p/pid/95216/sid/12764/_/2016_FIBA_Africa_Champions_Cup_for_Women_Final_Round/index.html}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | 10 | style="text-align:center;" | 3,9 | style="text-align:center;" | 1,7 | style="text-align:center;" | 1,0 |- | style="text-align:left; " | 4 | style="text-align:left; " | '''Kombe la Mabingwa wa Vilabu vya Wanawake Afrika 2017 FIBA'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aps.dz/sport/65217-basket-championnat-d-afrique-des-clubs-champions-dames-le-gs-petroliers-vise-le-dernier-carre|title=Basketball / African Championship of Champion Clubs (ladies): GS Petroliers aims for the last four|website=Aps.dz|access-date=February 20, 2022}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" | haipatikani | style="text-align:center;" | haipatikani | style="text-align:center;" | haipatikani | style="text-align:center;" | haipatikani |- | style="text-align:left; " | | style="text-align:left; " | | style="text-align:left; background-color: pink; " | '''Jumla ya wastani kwa kila tukio:''' | style="text-align:center; background-color: pink; " | '''3,5''' | style="text-align:center; background-color: pink; " | '''2,3''' | style="text-align:center; background-color: pink; " | '''1,1''' |} </center> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Vyanzo vya nje == * [https://www.facebook.com/shahnez.boushaki Shahnez Boushaki] - Facebook wasifu * [https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q//pid/95216/_//players.html FIBA wasifu] * [https://basketball.afrobasket.com/player/Shahnez-Boushaki/Algeria/GS-Petroliers-Alger/228958 Basketball.afrobasket wasifu] * [https://play.fiba3x3.com/players/60a075a6-69cd-4eb8-8436-e3fc920b3ae2 FIBA 3X3 wasifu] {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boushaki, Shahnez}} {{BD|1985||}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Familia Boushaki]] fnoqz32ga1ozue3x1y93e9ludnewkpl 0 152677 1540765 1528993 2026-05-12T06:08:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vyakula vya [[Msumbiji]]''' vimeathiriwa sana na [[Wareno]], ambao walianzisha mazao mapya, vionjo na mbinu mpya za kupika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.best-country.com/africa/mozambique/food|title=National cuisine of Mozambique|author=Batvina|first=Iryna|work=www.best-country.com|accessdate=2016-08-19}}</ref> Chakula kikuu cha watu wengi wa Msumbiji ni ''xima'' (chi-mah), [[uji]] mzito unaotengenezwa kwa unga wa mahindi, [[Muhogo|Mihogo]] na mchele, pia huliwa kama chakula kikuu cha wanga. Yote haya hutolewa na michuzi ya mboga, nyama, maharagwe au samaki. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.our-africa.org/mozambique/food-daily-life|title=Food & Daily life|accessdate=2016-08-19|archive-date=2018-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507094735/http://www.our-africa.org/mozambique/food-daily-life|url-status=dead}}</ref> Viungo vingine vya kawaida ni pamoja na [[Mkorosho|korosho]], vitunguu, [[majani]] ya bay, [[vitunguu]], coriander, paprika, [[pilipili]], pilipili nyekundu, [[miwa]], [[mahindi]], [[mtama]], na [[viazi]]. [[Faili:Obst und Gemüse.jpg|thumb]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Chakula cha Kiafrika]] [[Jamii:Chakula]] klekw5wa3ynbuzdofbfgt9qa7eynpq1 0 157572 1540455 1490187 2026-05-11T14:48:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Rachel Cecilia Adams |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = Agosti 9 1963 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = Manasiasa |nchi = Afrika Kusini }} '''Rachel Cecilia Adams''' (amezaliwa [[9 Agosti]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] kutoka [[bunge]] la Taifa la [[Afrika]]. Yeye ni mjumbe wa Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika kusini kutoka cape kaskazini.<ref>Https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/3{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{BD|1963|}} {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Women in Wiki Moshi]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Arts and Feminism 2023]] 4vodryelg3o7e3le2kohxj0cd911kwy 0 157802 1540643 1525664 2026-05-11T21:18:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540643 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cameroon Basketball Federation''' ('''CBF''') Ni shirika lisilo la faida na bodi inayoongozwa na serikali ya [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Kamerun]]. Shirika hili linawakilisha Kamerun katika FIBA<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Profile {{!}} FIBA.COM|url=http://www.fiba.basketball/pages/eng/fc/FIBA/fibaStru/nfLeag/nfProf.asp?nationalFederationNumber=256|work=www.fiba.basketball|accessdate=2022-09-01}}</ref> na timu za kitaifa za [[Mpira wa kikapu|mpira wa vikapu]] za wanaume na wanawake katika Kamati ya [[Olimpiki]] ya [[Kamerun|Kamerun.]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FECABASKET {{!}} Fédération camerounaise de basketball|url=http://www.fecabasket.com/|accessdate=2022-09-01|language=fr-FR}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fecabasket.com/cnsm-programmation-des-rencontres-de-la-19e-et-20eme-journee |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-09-01 |archivedate=2018-09-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919155959/http://www.fecabasket.com/cnsm-programmation-des-rencontres-de-la-19e-et-20eme-journee/ }}</ref> == Historia == Shirikisho la [[Mpira wa kikapu|Mpira wa Kikapu]] la [[kamerun]] lilianzishwa mnamo mwaka [[1961]] kama Shirikisho la Kikapu la Kitaifa la Kamerun (CNBF). Na ilibaki kama CNBF hadi mwaka [[1965]] ilipojiunga na FIBA. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Michezo ya Olimpiki]] [[Jamii:Michezo]] 8jshc6qebpq8v498768i4l70m1lmj79 0 166151 1540849 1530000 2026-05-12T09:02:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football Player | jinalamchezaji = Zainab Kapanda | picha = | jinakamili = | tareheyakuzaliwa = 12 Machi 2002 | mjialiozaliwa = | nchialiozaliwa = Malawi | urefu = | nafasi = Kiungo | klabuyasasa = | nambayaklabu = | miakayavijana = | klabuzavijana = | miaka = | vilabu = | caps(goals) = | miakayataifa = | timuyataifa = Timu ya Taifa ya Wanawake Malawi | nationalcaps(goals) = | pcupdate = | ntupdate = }} '''Zainab Kapanda''', (alizaliwa [[12 Machi]] [[2002]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa nchini [[Malawi]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo wa klabu ya Blantyre Zero na Timu ya Taifa ya Wanawake Malawi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2021/05/30/malawi-goals-galore-as-national-womens-league-kicks-off-in-style/|title=MALAWI : Goals galore as National Women’s League kicks off in style|website=Africa Top Sports|date=30 May 2021|accessdate=16 October 2021|archive-date=2021-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016213602/https://en.africatopsports.com/2021/05/30/malawi-goals-galore-as-national-womens-league-kicks-off-in-style/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ushiriki Kimataifa == Kapanda amechezea Timu ya Taifa ya Wanawake ya Malawi katika misimu mawili ya michuano ya Kombe la Wanawake la COSAFA ([[2020]] na [[2021]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zainab Kapanda - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/zainab-kapanda/468262/|work=globalsportsarchive.com|accessdate=2023-03-13}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k40xzjidgi33xc583mltz3okclcjp50 0 166162 1540801 1272948 2026-05-12T07:09:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wezzie Mvula''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa nchini [[Malawi]], ambaye anacheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] wa Timu ya Taifa ya wanawake ya Malawi .<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2021/05/15/womens-afcon-malawi-coach-names-lusaka-based-duo-for-zambia-clash/ | title=WOMEN’S AFCON: MALAWI COACH NAMES LUSAKA-BASED DUO FOR ZAMBIA CLASH | publisher=Africa Top Sports | date=15 May 2021 | accessdate=5 September 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/chawinga-sisters-lead-malawi-to-cosafa-womens-cup-on/5hqnmbcjooo1n10yql3eat7h | title=Chawinga sisters lead Malawi to Cosafa Women's Cup on Wednesday | publisher=Goal | date=4 November 2020 | accessdate=5 September 2021 | author=Samuel Ahmadu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cosafa.com/malawi-womens-national-team-gather-for-olympic-qualifi | title=Malawi women’s national team gather for Olympic qualifier | publisher=COSAFA | date=15 May 2021 | accessdate=5 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/temwa-chawinga-scores-five-as-malawi-decimate-mozambique/18iyvo8gkd8451cgwknhi1o1s9 | title=Temwa Chawinga scores five as Malawi decimate Mozambique | publisher=Goal | date=5 April 2019 | accessdate=5 September 2021 | author=Samuel Ahmadu}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oaff0mztbx6da272ckv6ul3bihjvcjp 0 168355 1540776 1529054 2026-05-12T06:18:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|thumb|116x116px|Nchi ya Ethiopia]] '''Wahamar''' ni jamii iliyoko kusini-magharibi mwa nchi ya [[Ethiopia]]. Wao wanaishi wilaya ya Hamer ambayo ni sehemu ambayo ina rutuba ya bonde la [[Mto Omo]] katika mkoa mwa Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Hamer People ( Hamar tribe ) of the Omo Valley : Bull Jumping - Excelman Productions {{!}} Filming in Ethiopia : photos of a Field Producer|url=https://www.excelman.com/en/galerie/afrique/ethiopie-hamar/ethiopie-hamar.html|work=The Hamar People of the Omo Valley : bull jumping - Filming in Ethiopia : Excelman Productions {{!}} Television Production Services, Field Producer, Line Producer|accessdate=2023-04-08|language=en|author=Excelman Productions}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Idadi ya watu ambao wanaishi katika Hamar ni 60,000. Wahamar ni wafugaji na wana mila nyingi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hamar people|date=2022-12-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamar_people&oldid=1129441142|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2023-04-08}}</ref> == Lugha ya Hamer-Banna == Wahamar wanasema lugha ya Hamer-Banna ambayo ni lugha inayozungumzwa na makabila kadhaa nchini Ethiopia. Ni lugha mojawapo ndani ya lugha za tawi la Kiomotiki cha Kusini na za familia ya lugha ya Kiafroasia.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hamer language|date=2021-10-10|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamer_language&oldid=1049160352|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2023-04-08}}</ref> == Uislamu na dini za jadi == Wahamar wanafuata dini mbili: [[Uislamu]] na [[Dini za jadi]]. Asilimia tisini na tano ya Wahamar ni Waislamu wa [[Wasunni|Sunni]]. Watu hawa wanaamini mafundisho matano ya msingi ya Uislamu.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ethiopia, Hamer Tribe|url=https://www.atlasofhumanity.com/hamer|work=Atlas Of Humanity|accessdate=2023-04-08|language=en|author=atlasofhumanity.com|archive-date=2023-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409205550/https://www.atlasofhumanity.com/hamer|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lakini, pia wanafuata sehemu nyingi za dini yao ya kitamaduni, Animisim . Wao wanaamini kuwa miti, miamba, wanyama, na vitu vingine vina roho. Na roho hizi ni muhimu sana kwa Wahamar.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hamar people|date=2022-12-25|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamar_people&oldid=1129441142|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2023-04-09}}</ref> == Nywele, Mavazi, na Mapambo == [[Faili:Hamar Tribe, Ethiopia (6988612896).jpg|thumb|233x233px|Wahamar]] Wanaume wanatengeneza nywele zao kwa udongo. Wanatumia rangi nyingi kama rangi nyekundu na nyeupe. Pia, wao wanavaa manyoya ya mbuni juu ya vichwa vyao kama mapambo. Wahamar wanavaa shanga za rangi nyingi na wanawake wanavaa vito vya chuma shingoni mwao. Mapambo ni muhimu sana kwa Wahamar.<ref name=":1" /> == Ardhi ya Watu wa Hamar == Katika utamaduni wa Wahamar, ardhi haimilikiwi na mtu mmoja, lakini humilikiwa na wanajamii wote. Watu wote na wanyama wote wanaweza kulima na kufuga katika ardhi yoyote. Ng’ombe na ardhi ni muhimu sana kwa Wahamar.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=BBC - Tribe - Hamar|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/hamar/index.shtml|work=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2023-04-08}}</ref> == Wanaume na Wanawake == [[Faili:Hamar Tribe Wedding.jpg|thumb|288x288px|Mwanamume na mwanamke kabla ya harusi ya Hamar]] Wanaume na wanawake wana majukumu tofauti katika utamaduni wa Wahamar. Wao wanafanya kazi tofauti. Kwa mfano, wanawake na wasichana hupanda mazao, huteka maji, hupika vyakula, na huwatunza watoto. Kwa upande mwingine, vijana hulinda wanyama na hupora wanyama kutoka kwa makabila mengine. Lakini, wanaume huchunga ng’ombe, hulima mashamba kwa kutumia ng’ombe, na hufuga mizinga ya nyuki. Ni kawaida kwa watu kufanya kazi kwa pamoja. Wanawake huwaalika majirani nyumbani kwao kusaidiana kazi kubwakubwa.<ref name=":1" /> Wazazi wanadhibiti watoto wao na kufanya maamuzi kuhusu ndoa zao. Kwa mfano, wazazi huwaambia wana wao lini watafunga ndoa. Wanaume wengi hufunga ndoa wakiwa na umri wa miaka thelathini. Lakini, wanawake huolewa wakiwa na umri wa miaka kumi na saba. Ndoa inahitaji mahari kutoka kwa familia ya bwana harusi kwenda kwa familia ya bibi harusi kama mbuzi, ng’ombe, na bunduki. Pia, Wahamar hawafungi ndoa na watu nje ya kabila lao.<ref name=":1" /> Familia nyingi zinadhibitiwa na wanawake kwa sababu wanawake wanaishi muda mrefu kuliko wanaume mara nyingi. Mjane hudhitibiti ndugu wadogo na ng’ombe wa mume wake baada ya kifo cha mume wake. == Mila za Kuruka Fahali == [[Faili:Ceremony, Hamar Tribe, Ethiopia (21132344569).jpg|thumb|275x275px|Kuruka fahali]] Wahamar wana mila za kuruka fahali.<ref name=":2" /> Desturi hii inaingiza mwanaume katika uanaume. Kabla ya kufanyiwa jando kwa mvulana, nywele za mvulana hunyolewa. Halafu, yeye anapakwa mchanga ili kuosha dhambi na kupakwa kinyeshi ili kupata nguvu. Pia, anavaa gome katika umbo la msalaba ili kulinda roho yake. Wavulana wanahitaji kukimbia juu ya migongo ya mafahali mara mbili. Kama mvulana anaanguka, yeye anadhihakiwa. Kama mvulana anafanikiwa kukimbia juu ya migongo ya mafahali mara mbili, anaarikiwa na kutakuwa na ngoma kubwa. Wakati wa kuruka ng'ombe, jamaa ambao ni wasichana wanacheza na wanataka kuchapwa viboko na wanaume. Kuchapwa viboko kunaonyesha msaada wao kwa mtu ambaye amefanyiwa jando. Kuchapwa viboko husababisha deni kati kijana na dada yake. Mokovu mgongoni mwake yanaonyesha kumuunga mkono kaka yake. Kwa sababu hii, mwanaume atahitaji kumsaidia dada yake katika siku zijazo. Desturi hii inaruhusu mwanaume kuoa, kumiliki ng’ombe, na kupata watoto.<ref name=":2" /> == ‘Mingi’ == Kuna desturi ambayo inaitwa ‘mingi’ katika utamaduni Wahamar. Wanawake ambao hawajaolewa wana watoto ili kupima uwezo wao wa kuzaa. Lakini watoto wengine huwekwa porini na kuachwa wafe. Hii ni kwa sababu Wahamar wanaamini kuwa watoto ambao kuzaliwa nje ya ndoa wana ‘mingi’ ambayo ni laana ya shetani. Mingi husababisha majanga kama ukame na magonjwa. Kwa hivyo, mtoto anauawa.<ref name=":1" /> == Desturi ya Kahawa == [[Kahawa]] hupandwa katika ardhi ya Wahamar. Ni desturi kwa wazee na wakuu kunywa kahawa na mtu kabla ya kusafiri. Mzee atasema baraka na kisha kumtemea mtu kahawa iliyojaa mdomoni. Katika utamaduni Wahamar, hii itambariki mtu huyo.<ref name=":0" /> == Wakati Ujao == Barabara na miji inapanuka katika sehemu hii ya Bonde la Omo. Watu wengi wamehuria mjini, wamekwenda shuleni, na wamebadilisha desturi.<ref name=":2" /> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Makabila ya Ethiopia]] d6zx8511hjghm1w3qojmwmjana0z0fu 0 171408 1540818 1451510 2026-05-12T07:58:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yacine Aliane''' (kwa Kiarabu: ياسين عليان; amezaliwa [[21 Januari]] [[1999]]) ni mwanasoka wa [[Algeria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lfp.dz/joueur/view?id=991012002|title=FICHE DU JOUEUR: YACINE ALIANE|accessdate=2023-06-10|archive-date=2023-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610110229/https://www.lfp.dz/joueur/view?id=991012002|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usm-alger.com/site/index.php/equipes-jeunes/equipe-reserve/effectif-reserves?view=profile&id=703|title=YACINE ALIANE|accessdate=2023-06-10|archive-date=2023-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610110222/https://www.usm-alger.com/site/index.php/equipes-jeunes/equipe-reserve/effectif-reserves?view=profile&id=703|url-status=dead}}</ref> ambaye anachezea ASO Chlef katika Ligi ya [[Algeria]] Professionnelle 1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/110477437536041/photos/a.128222742428177/351497766767339/|title=لجناح الأيسر " يـاسـيـن عــلــيـان " ثامن المـستقدميـن في صفوف النادي}}</ref> ==Kazi== Mnamo [[2020]], Aliane alipandishwa cheo hadi timu ya kwanza ya USM Alger.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2020/09/06/usma-6-joueurs-promus-en-equipe-premiere-187589.php|title=USMA : 6 joueurs promus en équipe première}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 16 Januari [[2021]], Aliane alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ligi dhidi ya RC Relizane. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pylw74jushff74mtyy2huyu1qsddqw5 0 171411 1540838 1529776 2026-05-12T08:48:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540838 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:RC Lens - OGC Nice (10-04-2022) 24 (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Youcef Atal]] {{Infobox football biography | jina = Youcef Atal | picha = RC Lens - OGC Nice (10-04-2022) 24 (cropped).jpg | maelezo = Atal na [[OGC Nice|Nice]] mwaka 2022 | jina kamili = Youcef Atal<ref>{{cite web |url=https://images.cafonline.com/image/upload/caf-prd/kpakgtavgq0lbzxizu89.pdf |title=Algeria |publisher=Confederation of African Football |format=PDF |page=1 |date=15 Juni 2019 |access-date=16 Julai 2019 |accessdate=2023-06-10 |archivedate=2019-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621010626/https://images.cafonline.com/image/upload/caf-prd/kpakgtavgq0lbzxizu89.pdf }}</ref> | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1996|5|17}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Boghni]], [[Tizi-Ouzou]], [[Algeria]] | urefu = 1.76 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogcnice.com/en/fiche/1698/youcef-atal.html |title=Youcef Atal |publisher=OGC Nice |access-date=5 Agosti 2022 }}</ref> | nafasi = [[Beki#Beki wa kulia|Beki wa kulia]] / [[Mchezaji wa kiungo#Mshambuliaji wa pembeni|Mshambuliaji wa pembeni]]{{cn|date=Julai 2022}} | klabu ya sasa = [[OGC Nice|Nice]] | nambari ya klabu = 20 | miaka ya vijana1 = 2006–2008 | klabu ya vijana1 = [[CR Belouizdad]] | miaka ya vijana2 = 2008–2011 | klabu ya vijana2 = [[JS Kabylie]] | miaka ya vijana3 = 2011–2012 | klabu ya vijana3 = [[USM Alger]] | miaka ya vijana4 = 2012–2014 | klabu ya vijana4 = [[JS Kabylie]] | miaka ya vijana5 = 2014–2015 | klabu ya vijana5 = [[Paradou AC]] | miaka1 = 2015–2018 | klabu1 = [[Paradou AC]] | mechi1 = 46 | mabao1 = 5 | miaka2 = 2017–2018 | klabu2 = → [[K.V. Kortrijk|Kortrijk]] (mkopo) | mechi2 = 10 | mabao2 = 0 | miaka3 = 2018– | klabu3 = [[OGC Nice|Nice]] | mechi3 = 100 | mabao3 = 11 | miakanat1 = 2017– | timunat1 = [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Algeria|Algeria]] | mechianat1 = 29 | maigizo1 = 2 | club-update = 23:54, 20 Machi 2022 ( UTC) | nationalteam-update = 23:32, 19 Novemba 2022 (UTC) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Wanaume [[soka]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|ALG}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]]}} {{Medal|W|[[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika 2019|Misri 2019]]|}} }} '''Youcef Atal''' (alizaliwa 17 Mei 1996) ni mchezaji wa soka wa kitaalam wa Algeria anayesakata kazi klabu ya Ligue 1, Nice, na timu ya taifa ya Algeria. Anacheza kama beki wa kulia, lakini pia anaweza kucheza kama mshambuliaji wa pembeni kushoto. == Maisha== Atal alihamia klabu ya Ufaransa ya Nice kutoka Paradou AC mnamo 2018. Alifanyiwa upasuaji wa goti mnamo Desemba 2019.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/50701349|title=Youcef Atal: Algeria international to have knee surgery|date=8 Desemba 2019|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Tarehe 1 Juni 2017, Atal alikutwa na timu ya taifa ya Algeria kwa mara ya kwanza kwa ajili ya mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya Guinea na mechi ya kufuzu ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika dhidi ya Togo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2017/06/01/en-lannonce-des-23-par-lucas-alcaraz-103902.php|title=EN : 25 joueurs convoqués par Alcaraz, beaucoup de nouveautés|author=M-A-D|website=DZfoot|date=1 Juni 2017|access-date=1 Juni 2017|language=fr|archive-date=2019-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406170300/http://www.dzfoot.com/2017/06/01/en-lannonce-des-23-par-lucas-alcaraz-103902.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kazi == === Kimataifa === {{updated|mechi ilichezwa tarehe 19 Novemba 2022}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT|68225|access-date=31 Julai 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Maonyesho na mabao ya timu ya taifa kwa mwaka |- !Timu ya taifa!!Mwaka!!Mechi!!Mabao |- |rowspan="5"|[[Algeria national football team|Algeria]] |2017||4||0 |- |2018||2||1 |- |2019||12||0 |- |2021||4||0 |- |2022||7||1 |- !colspan="2"|Jumla||29||2 |} :''Matokeo na mabao yamorodheshwa kwa kufuatia mabao ya Algeria kwanza.''<ref name="NFT"/> {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" |+ Mabao ya kimataifa kwa tarehe, uwanja, nafasi, mpinzani, alama, matokeo na mashindano |- !scope=col|No. !scope=col data-sort-type=date|Tarehe !scope=col|Uwanja !scope=col|Nafasi !scope=col|Mpinzani !scope=col|Alama !scope=col|Matokeo !scope=col|Mashindano !scope=col class=unsortable|{{abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|1 | 18 Nov emba 2018 || [[Stade Municipal (Lomé)|Stade Municipal]], [[Lomé]], Togo || align=center | 6 || {{fb|TOG}} || align=center | 2–0 || align=center | 4–1 || Kufuzu kwa [[2019 Africa Cup of Nations]] || align=center | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46255664 |title=Afcon 2019: Mahrez brace helps Algeria qualify for Nations Cup |website=BBC Sport |date=18 Novemba 2018 |access-date=31 Julai 2021}}</ref> |- !scope=row style=text-align:center|2 | 27 Septemba 2022 || [[Uwanja wa Olimpiki (Oran)|Uwanja wa Olimpiki]], [[Oram]], Algeria || align=center | 28 || {{fb|NGA}} || align=center | 2–1 || align=center | 2–1 || [[Kirafiki]] || align=center | <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/match/_/gameId/652250 |title=Algeria vs. Nigeria - Football Match Summary |website=ESPN |date=27 Septemba 2022 |access-date=27 Septemba 2022}}</ref> |} ==Mafanikio== '''Paradou AC''' * [[Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2]]: [[2016–17 Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2|2016–17]] '''Nice''' * Mshindi wa pili wa [[Coupe de France]]: [[2021–22 Coupe de France|2021–22]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=7 Mei 2022 |title=Ludovic Blas penalty wins French Cup for Nantes |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/61366648 |access-date=11 Septemba 2022 |website=[[BBC Sport]] |lang=en}}</ref> '''Algeria''' * [[Africa Cup of Nations]]: [[2019 Africa Cup of Nations|2019]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48959714 |title=Senegal 0–1 Algeria |website=BBC Sport |first=Gary |last=Rose |date=19 Julai 2019 |access-date=31 Julai 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pmlwjti7axpzsmny3435te1e6smmly5 0 171439 1540482 1346471 2026-05-11T15:38:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Reda Acimi''' (alizaliwa [[25 Mei]] [[1969]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa [[Algeria]] ambaye alicheza kama [[golikipa]].<ref>[http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=158&saison_id=10 Reda Acimi profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=158&saison_id=10 |date=20140109095103 }} - ''dzfoot.com''</ref> Acimi baadaye alikuwa [[meneja]] na [[kocha]] wa makipa nchini [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Algeria]]. <ref>[https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/197753-reda-acimi Footballdatabase]</ref> ==Tuzo na heshima== * Alishinda Ligi ya [[Algeria]] mara mbili akiwa na MC Oran mnamo 1992, 1993 * Alishinda Kombe la Algeria mara moja akiwa na MC Oran mnamo [[1996]] * Alishinda Kombe la Washindi wa Kombe la Kiarabu mara moja akiwa na MC Oran mnamo 1998 * Alishinda Kombe la Arab Super Cup mara moja na MC Oran mnamo 1999 * Mshindi wa pili wa Ligi ya Algeria mara moja akiwa na ASM Oran mnamo 1991 * Mshindi wa pili wa Ligi ya [[Algeria]] mara moja akiwa na MC Oran mnamo 2000 * Mshindi wa pili wa Ligi ya Mabingwa wa [[Kiarabu]] mara moja akiwa na MC Oran mnamo 2001 ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://dzfootball.free.fr/EN/Joueurs/fiche/Acimi-Reda.html Reda Acimi statistics] {{Wayback|url=http://dzfootball.free.fr/EN/Joueurs/fiche/Acimi-Reda.html |date=20230610124757 }} - ''dzfootball ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} 2uiysizqe4o6jgvjfurlfvxijx8zl4a 0 171444 1540732 1295652 2026-05-12T02:43:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Toufik Addadi''' (kwa Kiarabu: توفيق عدادي; alizaliwa [[7 Oktoba]] [[1990]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Algeria]] anayechezea ASO Chlef.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elkhabar.com/press/article/213034/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%81/ |title=عدّادي ينضم إلى أولمبي الشلف}}</ref> ==Kazi== * mnamo 2019, Toufik Addadi alitia saini [[mkataba]] na JS Kabylie. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2019/06/02/mercato-toufik-addadi-signe-a-la-jsk-152985.php|title=Mercato : Toufik Addadi signe à la JSK}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Mnamo 2020, Toufik Addadi alitia saini [[mkataba]] na MC [[Algeria|Alger]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmoudjahid.com/fr/flash-actu/22827|title=MC-Alger : Addadi s’engage pour deux saisons|accessdate=2023-06-10|archivedate=2020-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012121643/https://elmoudjahid.com/fr/flash-actu/22827}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2020/09/29/mca-addadi-sengage-pour-deux-saisons-188977.php|title=MCA : Addadi s'engage pour deux saisons}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Mnamo 2021, Toufik Addadi alitia saini [[mkataba]] na Monastir ya [[Marekani]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/football/958315/l-international-algerien-taoufik-addadi-rejoint-l-usmo#:~:text=L'international%20alg%C3%A9rien%2C%20Taoufik%20Addadi,et%20Mouloudia%20Club%20d'Alger. |title=L'international algérien Taoufik Addadi rejoint l'USMO |website=mosaiquefm.net |date=14 September 2021 |accessdate=17 September 2021}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mq1p1scdmh1t7betnww5dzb1jaoi51u 0 171471 1540817 1529587 2026-05-12T07:56:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yacine Adli''' (alizaliwa [[29 Julai]] 2000) ni mchezaji wa soka wa Ufaransa na Algeria ambaye anacheza kama kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya [[Serie A]] ya [[AC Milan]]. ==Kazi Yake Katika Klabu== '''Paris Saint-Germain''' Adli alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa katika klabu ya [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) tarehe 19 Mei 2018 katika mechi ya mwisho ya Ligue 1 msimu huu dhidi ya Caen. Alichukua nafasi ya Christopher Nkunku baada ya dakika 83 katika sare ya 0-0 ugenini.<ref name="soccerway2">{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/05/19/france/ligue-1/stade-malherbe-caen-calvados-basse-norma/paris-saint-germain-fc/2465275/|title=Caen vs. PSG - 19 May 2018 - Soccerway|publisher=soccerway.com|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2 July 2018 |title=Yacine Adli signe son premier contrat professionnel |trans-title=Yacine Adli signs his first professional contract |url=https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/content/yacine-adli-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel#:~:text=Le%20Paris%20Saint%2DGermain%20est,le%20club%20de%20la%20capitale. |access-date=11 June 2022 |publisher=[[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.]] |language=fr |archive-date=2022-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207101832/https://www.psg.fr/equipes/equipe-premiere/content/yacine-adli-signe-son-premier-contrat-professionnel#:~:text=Le%20Paris%20Saint%2DGermain%20est,le%20club%20de%20la%20capitale. |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Bordeaux''' Tarehe [[2 Julai]] [[2018]], Adli alitia saini [[mkataba]] wake wa kwanza na klabu ya PSG. Tarehe 31 [[Januari]] [[2019]], siku ya uhamisho wa dirisha dogo katika majira ya baridi kali la 2018–2019, Adli alijiunga na wapinzani wa ligi [[Bordeaux]] kwa [[mkataba]] wa miaka minne nanusu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Margueritte |first1=Matthieu |title=Officiel : Yacine Adli file à Bordeaux |url=http://www.footmercato.net/ligue-1/transferts/officiel-yacine-adli-file-a-bordeaux_246639 |website=Footmercato |access-date=1 February 2019 |language=fr |date=31 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PSG youngster Adli joins Bordeaux |url=https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/transfer-news/1034726/psg-youngster-adli-joins-bordeaux/ |website=FOX Sports Asia |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=31 January 2019 |accessdate=2023-06-10 |archivedate=2019-02-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201065953/https://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/transfer-news/1034726/psg-youngster-adli-joins-bordeaux/ }}</ref> '''AC Milan''' Tarehe 31 Agosti 2021, ilitangazwa kuwa Adli amesaini kwa miamba ya Serie A AC Milan kwa mkataba wa miaka mitano. Ada iliyolipwa kwa Bordeaux iliripotiwa kuwa Euro milioni 8. Alirudishwa kwa klabu hiyo kwa muda uliosalia wa msimu wa 2021-2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Möller |first=Isak |date=31 August 2021 |title=Official: AC Milan announce signing of Yacine Adli from Bordeaux plus subsequent loan |url=https://sempremilan.com/official-ac-milan-announce-signing-of-yacine-adli-from-bordeaux-will-loan-him-back |access-date=11 June 2022 |website=SempreMilan}}</ref> ==Kazi Yake Kitaifa== Adli alizaliwa nchini Ufaransa na wazazi wa Algeria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.africatopsports.com/2018/02/28/yacine-adli-pepite-franco-algerienne-affole-leurope/|title=Yacine Adli : La pépite franco-algérienne affole l'Europe|date=28 February 2018|accessdate=2023-06-10|archive-date=2019-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920073707/https://www.africatopsports.com/2018/02/28/yacine-adli-pepite-franco-algerienne-affole-leurope/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana uraia wa Ufaransa na Algeria.<ref>https://www.unfp.org/joueur/yacine-adli-21334/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1a1smb328vzgooi0st1efypq2j4kesg 0 171491 1540466 1416502 2026-05-11T14:56:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540466 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Rachid Aït-Atmane 2.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Rachid Aït-Atmane]] {{Infobox football biography | jina = Rachid Aït-Atmane | picha = Rachid Aït-Atmane 2.jpg | ukubwa_wa_picha = | maelezo = | jina_kamili = Rachid Aït-Atmane<ref>{{cite web |url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=46078 |title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 03 de diciembre de 2017, en Gijón |trans-title=Dakika za Mechi iliyofanyika tarehe 3 Desemba 2017, huko Gijón |publisher=Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu la Uhispania |accessdate=18 Agosti 2019 |language=Kihispania }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1993|2|4|df=y}} | mahali_pa_kuzaliwa = [[Bobigny]], Ufaransa | urefu = 1.90 m | nafasi = [[Kiungo cha kati]] | klabu_anayochezea_sasa = [[JS Kabylie]] | namba_ya_klabu = 26 | miaka ya vijana = | klabu ya vijana = [[RC Lens|Lens]] | miaka1 = 2011–2013 | klabu1 = [[RC Lens|Lens II]] | mechi1 = 34 | mabao1 = 1 | miaka2 = 2013–2015 | klabu2 = [[Sporting de Gijón B|Sporting B]] | mechi2 = 35 | mabao2 = 1 | miaka3 = 2014–2018 | klabu3 = [[Sporting de Gijón|Sporting Gijón]] | mechi3 = 46 | mabao3 = 0 | miaka4 = 2017 | klabu4 = → [[CD Tenerife|Tenerife]] (mkopo) | mechi4 = 5 | mabao4 = 0 | miaka5 = 2018 | klabu5 = → [[Waasland-Beveren]] (mkopo) | mechi5 = 7 | mabao5 = 0 | miaka6 = 2018–2019 | klabu6 = [[FC Dinamo București|Dinamo București]] | mechi6 = 12 | mabao6 = 0 | miaka7 = 2019–2020 | klabu7 = [[CS Sfaxien]] | mechi7 = 7 | mabao7 = 0 | miaka8 = 2021 | klabu8 = [[Fujairah FC|Al-Fujairah]] | mechi8 = 8 | mabao8 = 0 | miaka9 = 2021–2022 | klabu9 = [[Xanthi F.C.|Xanthi]] | mechi9 = 0 | mabao9 = 0 | mi aka10= 2022–2023 | klabu10= [[Al-Ahly SC (Benghazi)|Al-Ahly SC]] | mechi10= 0 | mabao10= 0 | miaka11= 2023– | klabu11= [[JS Kabylie]] | mechi11= 0 | mabao11= 0 | miaka_ya_taifa1 = 2016 | timu_ya_taifa1 = [[Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Algeria chini ya miaka 23|Algeria U23]] | mechi_ya_taifa1 = 1 | mabao_ya_taifa1 = 0 | klabu_imeboreshwa = 31 Januari 2022 | timu_ya_taifa_imeboreshwa = 6 Julai 2016 }} '''Rachid Aït-Atmane''' (anayejulikana kama '''Rachid''' nchini Hispania,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2015/04/17/futbol/equipos/sporting/1429279383.html|title=Rachid toma los mandos|trans-title=Rachid anachukua uongozi|publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|language=Kihispania|date=17 Aprili 2015|accessdate=7 Novemba 2015}}</ref>; alizaliwa 4 Januari 1993) ni mchezaji wa [[Mpira wa miguu|soka]] wa kitaalamu wa [[Algeria]] anayecheza kama [[kiungo wa kati]] kwa klabu ya [[JS Kabylie]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.competition.dz/actualites/89-ligue-1/84298-rachid-ait-atmane-signe-a-la-jsk.html |title=Rachid Aït-Atmane signe à la JSK |website=competition.dz |date=29 Januari 2023 |accessdate=29 Januari 2023 |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607190905/https://competition.dz/actualites/89-ligue-1/84298-rachid-ait-atmane-signe-a-la-jsk.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kazi == Alizaliwa jijini [[Bobigny]], Aït-Atmane alimaliza mafunzo yake na timu ya vijana ya [[RC Lens]] na kuanza kucheza katika timu ya wakubwa msimu wa [[2010–11 Championnat de France amateur|2010–11]], katika [[Championnat de France amateur]]. Tarehe 4 Juni 2013, alihamia nje ya nchi kwa mara ya kwanza katika kazi yake, akisaini mkataba wa miaka miwili na klabu ya Kihispania ya [[Sporting de Gijón]] na kuwekwa katika [[Sporting de Gijón B|timu ya B]] ya [[Segunda División B]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realsporting.com/wrsg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2875:rachid-ait-atmane-se-compromete-por-dos-temporadas-con-el-sporting&catid=36:actualidad&Itemid=186 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120516/http://www.realsporting.com/wrsg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2875%3Arachid-ait-atmane-se-compromete-por-dos-temporadas-con-el-sporting&catid=36%3Aactualidad&Itemid=186 |title=Rachid Aït-Atmane se compromete por dos temporadas con el Sporting |trans-title=Rachid Aït-Atmane anaingia mkataba wa miaka miwili na Sporting |publisher=Tovuti rasmi ya Sporting |language=Kihispania |date=4 Juni 2013 |archivedate=26 Agosti 2014 |accessdate=7 Novemba 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kimataifa == Mwezi wa Novemba 2015, Aït-Atmane alikaribishwa kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye [[Timu ya Taifa ya Vijana ya Algeria ya Soka|Timu ya Taifa ya Vijana ya Algeria]] kwa ajili ya mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya [[Tunisia]] kama maandalizi kwa [[Michuano ya CAF ya Wachezaji wa Chini ya Miaka 23 ya 2015]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2015/11/03/en-u23-rachid-ait-athmane-en-renfort-76489.php|title=EN U23 : Rachid Aït-Athmane en renfort|author=HMF|publisher=DZFoot|date=Novemba 3, 2015|accessdate=Novemba 3, 2015|language=Kifaransa|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040509/http://www.dzfoot.com/2015/11/03/en-u23-rachid-ait-athmane-en-renfort-76489.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f3on8hypcl4qmxcu01nwjthp9rk1vqa 0 171684 1540851 1530009 2026-05-12T09:08:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zakaria El Azzouzi''' (زكريا العزوزي; alizaliwa 7 Mei 1996) ni mchezaji wa sokakutoka Uholanzi-Moroko anayecheza kama mshambuliaji katika klabu ya [[Al Kharaitiyat SC|Al Kharaitiyat]].<ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|zakaria-el-azzouzi/381093}}</ref> ==Kazi== El Azzouzi alizaliwa jijini [[Rotterdam]]. Ni mchezaji wa vijana wa [[AFC Ajax]]. Alianza kucheza mpira tarehe 21 Agosti 2015 akiichezea Jong Ajax dhidi ya [[NAC Breda]]. Alicheza mpira ila kwa kufungwa walipoteza 3-0.<ref name="soccerway2">{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/08/21/netherlands/eerste-divisie/nac-bv/jong-ajax/2039576/|title=NAC Breda vs. Jong Ajax - 21 August 2015 - Soccerway|publisher=soccerway.com|access-date=2015-08-22}}</ref> Tarehe 22 Januari 2016, El Azzouzi alipelekwa kwa mkopo kwenda [[FC Twente]] kwa msimu uliosalia<ref>[http://www.ad.nl/eredivisie/fc-twente-huurt-ajax-aanvaller-el-azzouzi~a8df42b4/ FC Twente huurt Ajax-aanvaller El Azzouzi] - AD {{in lang|nl}}</ref> na baadaye alihamia [[Sparta Rotterdam|Sparta]] kwa mkopo kwa msimu wa 2016-17.<ref>[http://www.vi.nl/nieuws/sparta-rotterdam-huurt-el-azzouzi-van-ajax.htm Sparta Rotterdam huurt El Azzouzi van Ajax] - Voetbal International {{in lang|nl}}</ref> Alipokuwa bila klabu baada ya mkataba wake na [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] kuvunjwa mwezi Desemba 2018.<ref>[https://www.vi.nl/nieuws/ajax-en-el-azzouzi-per-direct-uit-elkaar-# Ajax en El Azzouzi per direct uit elkaar] (Kiholanzi). Voetbal International. 22 Desemba 2018.</ref> ==Kimataifa== El Azzouzi alizaliwa Uholanzi na wazazi wenye asili ya Moroko. Alicheza kwa niaba ya [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Moroko chini ya miaka 17|Moroko]] katika [[Mashindano ya vijana ya Afrika ya chini ya miaka 17 ya 2013]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.africatopsports.com/2013/04/07/can-u-17-la-liste-du-maroc/|title=CAN U 17 : La liste du Maroc|date=7 Aprili 2013}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0a6323qiegqvffqgmovgggd3xgweuz1 0 171901 1540843 1529794 2026-05-12T08:52:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Youssef El-Arabi 2019.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Youssef El-Arabi]] '''Youssef El-Arabi''' (يوسف العربي; alizaliwa 3 Februari 1987) ni mchezaji wa soka anayecheza kama mshambuliaji (striker) kwenye klabu ya ligi kuu ya Ugiriki, Olympiacos, na timu ya taifa ya Moroko.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.maghress.com/fr/lionsdelatlas/1322 | title=Mahojiano ya Kipekee LDA: Youssef EL Arabi }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Heshima== '''Caen''' *Ligue 2: 2009–10 '''Al Hilal''' *Kombe la Mfalme wa Saudi: 2011–12 '''Al Duhail''' *Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar: 2016–17, 2017–18 *Kombe la Emir wa Qatar: 2018, 2019 *Kombe la Qatar: 2018 *Kombe la Sheikh Jassim la Qatari: 2016; mshindi wa pili: 2018 '''Olympiacos''' *Super League ya Ugiriki: 2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22 *[[Kombe la Soka la Ugiriki|Kombe la Ugiriki]]: [[Kombe la Soka la Ugiriki 2019–20|2019–20]]; mshindi wa pili: [[Kombe la Soka la Ugiriki 2020–21|2020–21]] '''Binafsi''' *[[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya AFC]] [[Opta Sports|OPTA]] Best XI: [[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya AFC 2018#Tuzo|2018]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Best ACL2018 XI announced!|url=https://www.the-afc.com/en/club/afc_champions_league/news/the_best_acl2018_xi_announced.html|access-date=2022-01-13|website=the-AFC|language=en}}</ref> *[[Mfungaji Bora wa Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar|Bingwa wa Mabao Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar]]: [[2016–17 Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar#Takwimu|2016–17]], [[2017–18 Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar#Takwimu|2017–18]] *Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Ligi ya Nyota ya Qatar: Oktoba 2017<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=October 2017 — Youssef El Arabi {{!}} QSL |url=https://www.qsl.qa/en/october-2017-youssef-el-arabi |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=www.qsl.qa}}</ref> *Mchezaji Bora wa Super League ya Ugiriki: [[Super League ya Ugiriki 2020–21#Tuzo za Mwaka|2020–21]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=newsroom|first=sport-fm|title=MVP της Super League ο Ελ Αραμπί!|url=https://www.sport-fm.gr/article/podosfairo/superleague1/MVP-tis-Super-League-o-el-arampi/4187785|access-date=2022-01-12|website=sport-fm.gr|language=el}}</ref> *[[Orodha ya wafungaji bora katika Super League ya Ugiriki kwa msimu#Kwa msimu|Bingwa wa Mabao Super League ya Ugiriki]]: [[2019–20 Super League ya Ugiriki#Takwimu za msimu|2019–20]], [[2020–21 Super League ya Ugiriki#Takwimu za msimu|2020–21]] *Mchezaji Bora wa Super League ya Ugiriki [[Mchezaji Bora wa Soka wa Ugiriki#Mchezaji Bora wa Kigeni|Mchezaji Bora wa Kigeni]]: [[Super League ya Ugiriki 2019–20#Tuzo za Mwaka|2019–20]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-02-15|title=Βραβεία ΠΣΑΠ: Πρώτος σκόρερ και κορυφαίος ξένος ο Ελ Αραμπί (vid)|url=https://www.to10.gr/podosfero/superleague/1389600/psap-protos-skorer-ke-koryfeos-xenos-o-el-arabi/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=to10.gr|language=el}}</ref> [[Super League ya Ugiriki 2020–21#Tuzo za Mwaka|2020–21]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-12-13|title=Βραβεία ΠΣΑΠΠ: Καλύτερος ξένος ποδοσφαιριστής ο Ελ Αραμπί|url=https://www.to10.gr/podosfero/superleague/1895735/vravia-psapp-kalyteros-xenos-podosferistis-o-el-arabi/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=to10.gr|language=el}}</ref> *[[Ligi ya Mabingwa ya Super League ya Ugiriki#Timu ya Mwaka|Timu ya Mwaka ya Super League Greece]]: [[2019–20 Super League Greece#Tuzo za Mwaka|2019–20]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Super League Interwetten: The Best XI of the 2019-20 season|url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/super-league-interwetten-i-kalyteri-endekada-tis-sezon-2019-20.9144792.html|access-date=2022-01-10|website=www.sport24.gr|language=el}}</ref> [[2020–21 Super League Greece#Tuzo za Mwaka|2020–21]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-12-16|title=The awards of the "40th Player's Celebration" (vids)|url=https://www.psapp.gr/nea/oi-vravefseis-tis-40is-giortis-tou-podosfairisti-vids|access-date=2022-01-10|website=ΠΣΑΠΠ {{!}} ΠΑΝΕΛΛΗΝΙΟΣ ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ ΑΜΕΙΒΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΠΟΔΟΣΦΑΙΡΙΣΤΩΝ ΠΟΔΟΣΦΑΙΡΙΣΤΡΙΩΝ|language=el}}</ref> *Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Super League Greece: [[2019-20 Super League Greece#Tuzo za Wachezaji|Januari 2020]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-02-12|title=NIVEA MEN Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Januari ni El Arabi|url=https://www.slgr.gr/el/article/nivea-men-player-of-the-month-tou-ianouariou-o-el-arampi/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Super League|language=el}}</ref> [[2020-21 Super League Greece#NIVEA MEN Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi|Desemba 2020]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-11|title=NIVEA MEN Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Desemba ni Youssef El Arabi|url=https://www.slgr.gr/el/article/nivea-men-player-of-the-month-tou-dekembriou-o-giouseph-el-arampi/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Super League|language=el}}</ref> [[2021–22 Super League Greece#Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi|Machi 2021]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-12-08|title=Interwetten Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi wa Novemba ni Youssef El Arabi|url=https://www.slgr.gr/el/article/interwetten-player-of-the-month-tou-noembriou-o-giouseph-el-arampi/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Super League|language=el}}</ref>[[2021–22 Super League Greece#Mchezaji Bora wa Mwezi|Mei 2022]] *[[Olympiacos F.C.|Mchezaji Bora wa Mwaka wa Olympiacos]]: [[2019–20 Olympiacos F.C. season|2019–20]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-06-11|title=NIVEA MEN Mchezaji Bora wa Klabu wa Olympiacos ni El Arabi|url=https://www.slgr.gr/el/article/nivea-men-player-of-the-club-tou-olumpiakou-o-el-arampi/|access-date=2022-01-12|website=Super League|language=el}}</ref> [[2020–21 Olympiacos F.C. season|2020–21]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-06-23|title=NIVEA MEN Mchezaji Bora wa Klabu wa Olympiacos ni Youssef El Arabi|url=https://www.slgr.gr/el/article/nivea-men-player-of-the-club-tou-olumpiakou-o-giouseph-el-arampi/|access-date=2022-01-14|website=Super League|language=el}}</ref> [[2021–22 Olympiacos F.C. season|2021–22]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=TEAM |first=ΦΩΣ |title=Super League: Youssef El Arabi aliteuliwa MVP wa Olympiacos kwa msimu wa 2021-22 |url=https://www.fosonline.gr/podosfairo/superleague/article/192751/super-league-o-el-arampi-psifistike-mvp-toy-olympiakoy-gia-ti-sezon-2021-22 |access-date=2022-08-18 |website=Fosonline.gr |language=el}}</ref> '''Rekodi''' *[[Olympiacos F.C. in European football#Wafungaji bora katika mashindano ya UEFA|Wafungaji bora katika historia ya Olympiacos katika Mashindano ya Ulaya]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Youssef El Arabi alichukua nafasi ya juu kama mfungaji bora katika historia ya Ulaya ya Olympiacos|url=https://www.sport24.gr/football/olympiakos-o-arampi-egine-o-koryfaios-skorer-stin-eyropaiki-istoria-ton-erythroleykon.9412545.html|access-date=2022-01-14|website=www.sport24.gr|language=el}}</ref> *Amefunga mabao 18 katika Mashindano ya Ulaya na akawa mfungaji bora katika historia ya [[Morocco]] katika Kombe za Ulaya!<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.gavros.gr/article/podosfairo/344484-egrapse-istoriko-rekor-me-thn-gkolara-o-el-arampi-photo-video | title=Youssef El Arabi amevunja rekodi ya kihistoria na bao lake! (Picha, video) }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gnwqji7qm44s0ateyhhj5bixqimncap 0 171972 1540652 1430586 2026-05-11T22:11:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sid Ahmed Aouadj''' (alizaliwa [[Oran]], [[2 Julai]] [[1991]]) ni mchezaji soka wa Algeria anayeshiriki kama kiungo mchezeshaji katika timu ya Al-Zulfi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2019/07/11/csc-signature-de-balegh-et-aouedj-157821.php|title=CSC : Signature de Balegh et Aouedj}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Kazi== Tarehe 13 Mei 2010, Aouadj alianza rasmi kucheza mpira katika timu ya MC Oran katika mechi ya ligi dhidi ya WA Tlemcen. Alipata nafasi ya kuanza katika mchezo huo kabla ya kubadilishwa dakika ya 64. Tarehe 5 Agosti 2021, Aouadj alijiunga na klabu ya Saudi Arabia ya [[Al-Kholood Club|Al-Kholood]].<ref>{{cite web |title=#الخلود_فخر_الرس Flag of Italy يتعاقد مع صانع الألعاب الدولي الجزائري سيد أحمد عواج |url=https://twitter.com/AlkholoodClub/status/1423308181539803146}}</ref> ==Mafanikio== * Alishinda Kombe la Dunia la Jeshi mara moja na '''Timu ya Kitaifa ya Jeshi la Algeria''' mwaka 2011. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pffvwxptv2e8wo41qgdvpii0lgl72yh 0 171991 1540456 1539698 2026-05-11T14:48:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Islam Arous''' (alizaliwa [[6 Agosti]] [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa Algeria. == Kazi == Mwezi Novemba 2017, Arous alialikwa katika timu ya taifa ya Algeria kwa mara ya kwanza katika mechi ya kufuzu kwa Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2018 dhidi ya Nigeria na mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati. Tarehe 14 Novemba, Arous aliichezea kwa mara ya kwanza timu ya taifa, akiwa katika kikosi cha kwanza katika ushindi wa 3-0 dhidi ya Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2017/11/14/amical-algerie-3-0-centrafrique-110059.php|title=Amical : Algérie 3-0 Centrafrique|author=M-A-D|publisher=DZfoot|date=November 14, 2017|accessdate=November 17, 2017|language=French|archive-date=2018-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725153955/http://www.dzfoot.com/2017/11/14/amical-algerie-3-0-centrafrique-110059.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Vyeo == ;Paradou AC *Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2: 2016–17 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] b34b0zcjtplf3ubetocxdjo38mwg0r3 0 171997 1540530 1329336 2026-05-11T17:43:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Said Kheireddine Arroussi''' (alizaliwa [[23 Julai]][[ 1991]] jijini Sétif) ni mchezaji wa soka wa Algeria anayecheza kama beki wa kati katika klabu ya CA Bordj Bou Arréridj katika ligi ya ''Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2019/07/10/mercato-arroussi-rejoint-le-cabba-157663.php|title=Mercato : Arroussi rejoint le CABBA}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Kazi== Mnamo Desemba 2014, Arroussi alikuwa mwanachama wa kikosi cha ES Sétif kilichoshiriki katika ''2014 FIFA Club World Cup'' nchini [[Morocco]], akianza katika mechi zote mbili za Sétif katika mashindano hayo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2014/pdf/FCWC_2014_SquadLists.pdf|title=FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2014 List of Players|publisher=FIFA|date=December 15, 2014|access-date=April 24, 2015|archive-date=2015-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711154142/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2014/pdf/FCWC_2014_SquadLists.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Miezi miwili baadaye, mnamo Februari 2015, alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza katika ushindi wa ''CAF Super Cup'' wa Sétif dhidi ya Al Ahly ya Misri, akiichezea kwa dakika zote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/02/21/africa/caf-super-cup/entente-sportive-de-setif/al-ahly/1974705/In%20February%202015,|title=ES Sétif vs. Al Ahly - 21 February 2015|publisher=SoccerWay|access-date=April 24, 2015}}</ref> ==Heshima== ===Klabu=== ;ES Sétif * CAF Champions League: 2014 * CAF Super Cup: 2015 * Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1: 2014–15, 2016–17 '''CS Constantine''' * Algerian Ligue 1 (1): 2017–18 ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] 62bjbiy0sdgjckmgagdmp45e0z8r4yu 0 180719 1540857 1530061 2026-05-12T09:27:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zenab Issa Oki Soumaïne''' (aliyezaliwa 30 Agosti 1986) ni rubani na mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka [[Chad]] kuwa nahodha wa ndege. == Maisha == Oki alihitimu na kupata stashahada ya baccalaureate mwaka 2003, na mwaka 2005 akaanza masomo yake huko Sabangali kwa shahada ya fedha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.interafriquenews.com/zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-premiere-commandante-de-bord-tchadienne/|title=Zenab Issa Oki Soumaïne, la première commandante de bord tchadienne|last=InterAfrique|date=2017-05-17|website=InterAfrique/Rebranding Africa Media|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2017-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103143441/http://www.interafriquenews.com/zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-premiere-commandante-de-bord-tchadienne/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Baadaye, aliamua kuingia katika taaluma ya angani na leseni yake ya kwanza ya rubani alipewa huko [[Miami]] kwa ndege ya Hawker 900XPI.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.africatopsuccess.com/zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-1ere-femme-commandante-de-bord-au-tchad/|title=Zenab Issa Oki Soumaïne, 1ère femme commandante de bord au Tchad|last=|first=|date=2020-02-14|website=Africa Top Success|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-03}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tarehe 3 Mei 2017, Oki alipandishwa cheo kuwa nahodha, hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Chad kuwa nahodha wa ndege.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.presidence.td/prd/fr-nws-385-AVIATION_CIVILE_UNE_PREMIERE_AU_TCHAD_.html|title=Site Officiel de la Présidence de la République du Tchad {{!}} AVIATION CIVILE : UNE PREMIERE AU TCHAD !|website=www.presidence.td|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117233304/http://www.presidence.td/prd/fr-nws-385-AVIATION_CIVILE_UNE_PREMIERE_AU_TCHAD_.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Aliendelea na masomo katika Chuo cha Marubani cha [[Ethiopia]] na alimaliza masaa 1500 ya kuruka kabla ya kuhitimu.<ref name=":0" /> Katika sherehe ya kuhitimu kwake, Mke wa Rais wa Chad, ''Hinda Deby Itno'' aliwaomba waliohudhuria kuinuka na kumshangilia Oki.<ref name=":0" /> Sherehe ilifanyika katika hoteli ya Hilton huko [[N'Djamena]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://tchadinfos.com/iyalat/iyalat-zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-1ere-femme-tchadienne-commandante-de-bord/|title=Zenab Issa Oki Soumaine, 1ere femme tchadienne commandante de bord|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513120443/https://tchadinfos.com/iyalat/iyalat-zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-1ere-femme-tchadienne-commandante-de-bord/|archive-date=2021-05-13|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oki alifanya kazi katika shirika la ndege la Burkina kabla ya kujiunga na floti ya anga ya rais huko Chad.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka 2019, aliajiriwa na rais wa Chad kama rubani. Mafanikio yake yanachukuliwa kama mfano kwa wanawake vijana wengine kutoka Chad.<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Chad]] pzxs221brdnrf6jjthvlrfv7kjb9oy5 0 181071 1540485 1524288 2026-05-11T15:53:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540485 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Remy_Siemsen_Sydney_FC_(48780971231)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|337x337px|Siemsen akiwa Sydney FC mnamo 2017]] '''Remy Siemsen''' (alizaliwa [[10 Novemba]] [[1999]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=AFCS|url=https://stats.the-afc.com/player/108555|work=stats.the-afc.com|accessdate=2024-04-27}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.sydneyfc.com/player/remy-siemsen</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Australia]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo wa klabu ya Leicester City inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake (WSL) na [[timu ya taifa]] ya Australia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa kike]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] nzrbp8kncfergl3j89f9l5il0mm2c93 0 182900 1540336 1523305 2026-05-11T12:32:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Amira''' ni mtetezi wa [[haki za wanawake]] na [[Msichana|wasichana]], [[mtangazaji]], mzungumzaji wa hadhara na msimamizi wa mkutano wa [[Kenya]], akitambuliwa kwa kipindi chake cha [[televisheni]] kilichotambuliwa kama ''The Patricia Show'', ambacho kilitambulika [[Afrika]] kote, na pia [[Ulaya]] na [[Marekani]], kuanzia [[2009]] hadi [[2013]]. ==Maisha ya Awali== Amira alizaliwa [[Nairobi]] nchini Kenya. Alisoma Shule ya Kimataifa ya Geneva kati ya [[1981]] na [[1985]], na [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Regent [[London]] kutoka [[1989]] hadi [[1992]].<ref>https://www.linkedin.com/in/patriciaamira/details/education/</ref> ==Tasnia ya habari== Mnamo mwaka wa 2000 Amira alianza kufanya kazi kituo cha redio cha masafa ya 98.4 ''Capital FM'', kituo cha pili cha redio huru kuanzishwa baada ya uhuru wa [[vyombo vya habari]] nchini Kenya. Baadaye alihamia katika [[runinga]], akiunda, kutayarisha na kusimamia kipindi cha ''The Patricia Show,'' ambacho kilirushwa Afrika, na pia huko Ulaya na Amerika, kati ya 2009 na 2013. Hivi karibuni, amewasilisha onyesho la saa 3 katika kipindi cha redio kilichotolewa kwa anuwai ya mitindo ya muziki ya Kiafrika.<ref>https://theworld.org/stories/2013/08/14/oprah-winfreys-influence-around-world</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://kadigest.com/patricia-amira-is-one-of-africas-top-40most-powerful-media-personalities/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-06-18 |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005153517/https://kadigest.com/patricia-amira-is-one-of-africas-top-40most-powerful-media-personalities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://equalitynow.org/staff_members/patricia-amira-kenya/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ameonekana katika [[filamu]] moja iliyoitwa ''Rafiki,'' iliyooneshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes 2018, [[filamu]] ya kwanza ya Kenya kuonyeshwa kwenye tamasha hilo. Filamu hii ni hadithi ya mapenzi kati ya wasichana wawili katika shinikizo la [[familia]] na kisiasa nchini Kenya. Amira aliigiza kama mama wa mmoja wa wasichana hao.<ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/press/press-releases/the-2018-official-selection/</ref> ==Utetezi wa haki za wanawake== Amira ni [[mwenyekiti]] mwenza wa bodi ya '''Usawa ni sasa''' yaani ''Equality Now,'' (kwa lugha ya kiingereza) shirika lisilo la kiserikali la kimataifa lililoanzishwa mwaka 1992 ili kutetea ulinzi na uendelezaji wa haki za binadamu za wanawake na wasichana. Linafanya kazi ya kuhimiza serikali kupitisha, kuboresha na kutekeleza sheria zinazolinda na kukuza [[haki za wanawake]] na wasichana duniani kote, zikilenga katika kukomesha [[unyanyasaji wa kijinsia]], kukomesha mila mbaya kama vile ndoa za utotoni na ukeketaji, kukomesha unyonyaji wa kijinsia ikiwa ni pamoja na biashara haramu ya kijinsia kwa wanawake na wasichana, na kukomesha ubaguzi wa kijinsia kisheria.<ref>https://equalitynow.org/staff_members/patricia-amira-kenya/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Wiki4HumanRights 2024]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Nairobi]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Mashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu]] 6ppsgqmkadrs3g58o22f5z0jprehsb9 0 183489 1540474 1459931 2026-05-11T15:16:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:2023-08-12 TSV Schott Mainz gegen Borussia Dortmund (DFB-Pokal 2023-24) by Sandro Halank–134.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Bensebaïni akichezea [[Borussia Dortmund]] mnamo [[2023]]]] '''Amir Selmane Ramy Bensebaïni''' (alizaliwa [[Constantine]], [[16 Aprili]] [[1995]])<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170110130245/http://www.cafonline.com/Portals/0/Total%20AFCON%202016/CAN%20Gabon%20Squad%20lists.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.borussia.de/en/team/squad/ramy-bensebaini</ref> ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Algeria]], ambaye anacheza kama [[beki]] wa kushoto katika klabu ya [[Borussia Dortmund]] inayoshiriki [[Bundesliga]] ya [[Ujerumani]] na [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Algeria]]. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Paradou AC === Bensebaini alianza kazi yake ya kandanda katika Paradou AC, akijiunga na timu ya vijana mwaka 2008 na kufanya debi yake ya kikosi cha juu (senior team) mwaka [[2013]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.dzfoot.com/2013/08/paradou-ac-youngster-ramy-bensebaini-on-trial-with-arsenal/|author=Walid Z.|title=Paradou AC youngster Ramy Bensebaïni on trial with Arsenal|publisher=DZfoot|date=1 August 2013|access-date=3 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808045735/http://en.dzfoot.com/2013/08/paradou-ac-youngster-ramy-bensebaini-on-trial-with-arsenal/|archive-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> Mnamo majira ya joto ya 2013, Bensebaini alijiweka kwenye majaribio na [[Porto]], na baadaye akapewa majaribio ya wiki mbili na klabu ya [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza]], [[Arsenal]], ambapo alicheza michezo miwili ya kirafiki na timu ya chini ya miaka 21 dhidi ya Luton Town na Colchester.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.dzfoot.com/2013/08/ramy-bensebaini-trains-with-arsenals-first-team-ahead-of-season-opener/|title=Ramy Bensebaini trains with Arsenal's first team ahead of season opener|author=Walid Z.|publisher=DZfoot|date=16 August 2013|access-date=3 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226144940/http://en.dzfoot.com/2013/08/ramy-bensebaini-trains-with-arsenals-first-team-ahead-of-season-opener/|archive-date=26 February 2014}}</ref> Mnamo [[Juni]] [[2014]], Bensebaini alipelekwa kwa mkopo na Paradou kwa msimu mmoja katika klabu ya Belgian Pro League Lierse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2014/06/12/ramy-bensebaini-paradou-fc-prete-au-k-lierse-sk-belgique-46304.php|title=Ramy Bensebaini (Paradou FC) prêté au K Lierse SK (Belgique)|author=Amar K|language=fr|publisher=DZfoot|date=12 June 2014|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-date=2025-05-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528183021/https://www.dzfoot.com/2014/06/12/ramy-bensebaini-paradou-fc-prete-au-k-lierse-sk-belgique-46304.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alifanya debi yake kamili mnamo [[3 Agosti]] katika mechi ya ligi dhidi ya Club Brugge, akija kama mchezaji badala ya Wanderson katika dakika ya 94.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/08/03/belgium/pro-league/club-brugge-kv/koninklijke-lierse-sportkring/1696887/?ICID=HP_MS_29_02|title=Club Brugge vs. Lierse - 3 August 2014|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=3 August 2014}}</ref> Bensebaini alicheza mechi 23 za ligi katika msimu huo, akifunga bao 1, lakini hakuweza kuisaidia Lierse kuepuka kushuka daraja. Mnamo Juni [[2015]], Bensebaini alipelekwa tena kwa mkopo na Paradou, wakati huu akijiunga na klabu ya [[Ufaransa]] Montpellier kwa msimu wa 2015–16 Ligue 1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2015/06/09/bensebaini-officiellement-a-montpellier-70271.php|title=Bensebaini officiellement prêté à Montpellier|publisher=DZFoot|author=M-A D|date=9 June 2015|access-date=9 June 2015|language=fr|archive-date=2024-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817030838/https://www.dzfoot.com/non-classe/bensebaini-officiellement-a-montpellier-70271.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] b740cd8cyxlb41x2ikktac4lsmru8oe 0 183894 1540703 1526734 2026-05-12T00:58:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tamasha la Uvuvi la Nwonyo''' ni tamasha linalosherehekewa na watu wa Ibi katika Jimbo la [[Taraba]], [[Nigeria]]. Ziwa hili liko kilomita 5 kaskazini mwa jamii ya Ibi, na ni tamasha la kila mwaka ambapo Ibi na jamii za jirani hukusanyika kwa ajili ya uvuvi na kuungana tena. Ziwa hili linatajwa kuwa kubwa zaidi katika Magharibi mwa Afrika kwani linaenea kilomita 15 hadi Mto Benue.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nwonyo Fishing Festival, Festivals And Carnivals In Taraba State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Taraba/Nwonyo-Fishing-Festival-Taraba.html|access-date=2021-08-19|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref> Jina la Nwonyo linamaanisha Mahali pa Kujificha kwa Wanyama Wakubwa na Hatari wa Majini kama Mamba, Nyoka, Kiboko na Wengine Wengi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2010-04-29|title=Taraba celebrates yet another Nwonyo fishing festival|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/04/taraba-celebrates-yet-another-nwonyo-fishing-festival/|access-date=2021-08-19|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nwonyo Fishing Festival in Taraba State, Nigeria - Finelib.com Events|url=https://www.finelib.com/events/festivals/nwonyo-fishing-festival/252|access-date=2021-08-19|website=www.finelib.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2017-08-26|title=Nwonyo Fishing Festival {{!}} Hometown.ng™|url=https://hometown.ng/listing-item/nwonyo-fishing-festival/|access-date=2021-08-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nwonyo Fishing Festival, Festivals And Carnivals In Taraba State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Taraba/Nwonyo-Fishing-Festival-Taraba.html|access-date=2021-08-19|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Matamasha nchini Nigeria]] rzf5dqdgfofw8vwzrndxx13k8rh3nkz 0 184692 1540573 1525319 2026-05-11T19:13:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu Mashuhuri |jina = Sean Patrick Forbes |picha = Sean At 54 Sound.jpg |caption = Sean Forbes Rapping |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = |tarehe_ya_kufa = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anajulikana_kwa_ajili_ya = |kazi_yake = msanii wa hip hop |utaifa = Marekani }} '''Sean Patrick Forbes''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye ni kiziwi.<ref name="Sean Forbes Not Hard To Hear">[http://abilitymagazine.com/Sean-Forbes.html "Sean Forbes Not Hard To Hear"], "Ability magazine", February/March 2011. Retrieved May 3, 2013.</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa D-PAN, The Deaf Professional Arts Network, shirika lisilo la faida lililoanzishwa mwaka 2006 likiwa na lengo la kufanya muziki kuwa rahisi kupatikana kwa jamii ya viziwi na wenye matatizo ya kusikia. D-PAN imeunda video za muziki zilizo na tafsiri ya Lugha ya Ishara ya Marekani kwa nyimbo maarufu. D-PAN imetengeneza [[video]] kwa ajili ya John Mayer, Christina Aguilera, Eminem, White Stripes, Owl City, Carly Rae Jepsen, The Clark Sisters, Imagine Dragons, na wengine wengi.<ref name="Sign It">{{cite web|title=Meet Your "Sign It ASL" Instructors|url=https://signitasl.com/instructors/|website=Sign It: American Sign Language Made Easy|accessdate=3 March 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> D-PAN ni shirika maarufu duniani la upatikanaji wa Lugha ya Ishara ya Marekani na linafanya kazi na makampuni makubwa ya uzalishaji kutoa video za upatikanaji wa Lugha ya Ishara ya Marekani, vichwa vya habari, na tafsiri ili maudhui ya video yaweze kufurahiwa na kila mtu. Mnamo mwaka wa 2010, Sean alitia saini mkataba na Web Entertainment, lebo ileile iliyomgundua na kumzalisha Eminem, na kutolewa wimbo wake wa kwanza "I'm Deaf" ukiwa na video ya muziki. Mnamo mwaka wa 2011 alitoa wimbo wake wa pili "Let's Mambo" akiwa na mwigizaji wa tuzo ya Academy Award, Marlee Matlin, akicheza kama mpenzi wake. Mnamo mwaka wa 2012,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2011-06-01|title=Deaf Rapper Sean Forbes Dances with Marlee Matlin in New Video|url=https://patch.com/michigan/ferndale/deaf-rapper-sean-forbes-dances-with-marlee-matlin-in-new-video|access-date=2024-07-15|website=Ferndale, MI Patch|language=en}}</ref> Sean alitoa albamu kamili ya CD/DVD iitwayo Perfect Imperfection. Mnamo Februari 2020, Sean alitoa albamu yake ya pili "Little Victories" na mara moja ikaingia katika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye chati kadhaa za [[muziki]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-02-29|title=Deaf Detroit area rapper Sean Forbes makes history, shoots up the charts|url=https://www.fox2detroit.com/news/deaf-detroit-area-rapper-sean-forbes-makes-history-shoots-up-the-charts|access-date=2024-07-15|website=FOX 2 Detroit|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo Februari 13, 2022, Forbes alifanya maonyesho katika kipindi cha mapumziko ya Super Bowl LVI kwa kutumia [[Lugha]] ya [[Ishara]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wiki4Inclusion Campaign in Tanzania]] jcllgho04nyosl54hzoyqzlhv5gh6dv 0 189600 1540628 1531620 2026-05-11T21:06:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540628 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shem Kororia''' (alizaliwa [[25 Septemba]] [[1972]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa zamani wa [[Kenya]] wa mbio ndefu ambaye alibobea katika mbio za mita 5000 na nusu [[marathoni]]. Aliwakilisha nchi yake ya asili katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya [[Majira ya joto]] mwaka [[1996]] huko [[Atlanta]], [[Marekani]]. Kororia alikuwa mwanariadha wa tatu kuwahi kukimbia nusu marathoni ndani ya saa moja, aliposhinda taji la dunia la nusu marathoni mnamo [[Oktoba]] [[1997]] huko [[Košice]], [[Slovakia]], akitumia dakika 59:56. Alishinda meta 5000 za dhahabu mara mbili katika Michezo ya Kijeshi ya Dunia: mwaka [[1995]] na [[1999]].<ref>gbrathletics: [http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/mwg.htm Military World Games]</ref> Pia alishinda Parelloop 10K katika mbio za [[Uholanzi]] mwaka [[1997]] na alikuwa na ushindi wa mfululizo katika BOclassic mnamo 1994-95.<ref>Arrs.net: [https://www.arrs.run/HP_Pll10.htm List of Parelloop winners] {{Wayback|url=https://www.arrs.run/HP_Pll10.htm |date=20180917174535 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.boclassic.it/en/cms/31.htm Past Winners] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103170224/http://www.boclassic.it/en/cms/31.htm |date=2011-01-03 }}. BOclassic. Retrieved on 2010-01-03.</ref> Pia alishindana katika mashindano ya mbio za nyika. Alitwaa medali ya dhahabu ya timu mara mbili akiwa na Kenya kwenye Mashindano ya IAAF World Cross Country (1994 na 1997). Kwenye mzunguko wa mkutano mkuu wa nchi nzima alipata ushindi mara mbili katika Cross Internacional de la Constitución (1994 na 1995) na alikuwa mshindi wa 1996 wa mbio za Campaccio na Cross Internacional de Venta de Baños.<ref>Civai, Franco & Lorange, Francois (2011-01-10). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_CamXC.htm Campaccio Classica del Cross]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2011-01-12.</ref><ref>[http://www.pmdeportesventadebanos.com/crossXXVI/historia.pdf Podium Cross Internacional] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715094805/http://www.pmdeportesventadebanos.com/crossXXVI/historia.pdf |date=2011-07-15 }} ''(List of medallists)''. Venta de Baños. Retrieved on 2009-12-27.</ref><ref>[http://www.cap-alcobendas.es/drupal/CuadroVencedores Cuadro de vencedores del Cross Internacional de la Constitución] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130213053157/http://www.cap-alcobendas.es/drupal/CuadroVencedores |date=2013-02-13 }} {{in lang|es}}. CAP-Alcobendas. Retrieved on 2010-12-10.</ref> Anatoka Kaptama katika Wilaya ya [[Mlima Elgon]], kijiji sawa na Edith Masai. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] lwxf0rti4z1e3322eoqs7eq5612nruq 0 190010 1540422 1361761 2026-05-11T14:09:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540422 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rafael Domínguez Gamas''' (Cárdenas, [[Tabasco (jimbo)|Tabasco]], [[14 Februari]] [[1883]] - [[Veracruz (jimbo)|Veracruz]], Veracruz, [[23 Januari]] [[1959]]) alikuwa mtaalamu wa masomo, [[mwanahabari]], [[wakili]], na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Meksiko]]. Alikuwa mwanafunzi na mshiriki wa Academia Mexicana de la Lengua. Alisoma sheria katika Instituto Juárez, ambapo pia alikuwa [[mhadhiri]]. Alisimamia shule kadhaa katika miji ya Tabasco. Alikuwa mchangiaji wa makala katika magazeti kama vile Alba, El Renacimiento, na El Eco de Tabasco. Mnamo mwaka 1914, alihamia Veracruz, ambapo alifanya kazi katika gazeti la El Dictamen.<ref name="Tabasco">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nMn_o47zM8C&pg=PA234|title=Diccionario institucional|author=Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco|publisher=Univ. J. Autónoma de Tabasco|year=2007|isbn=978-968-9024-35-4|page=234}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1883]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1959]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] d3pgq7j176jfkxuxvk0q9r8y1kmcojc 0 191518 1540611 1367211 2026-05-11T20:38:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540611 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shanice Alfred''' (alizaliwa [[Saint Lucia]], [[19 Agosti]] [[2001]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] anayeshiriki kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Anachezea timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya [[Guyana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://calgaryblizzard.com/blizzard-girls-invited-national-team-id-camp/|title=Blizzard Girls Invited to National Team ID Camp|date=February 27, 2017|work=[[Calgary Blizzard SC]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=macewan>{{cite web|url=https://www.macewangriffins.ca/sports/wsoc/2019-20p/bios/alfred_shanice_lamm?view=gamelog|title=Shanice Alfred MacEwan profile|work=[[MacEwan Griffins]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2001|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wanawake wa Guyana]] 5l1rc3cckbeqla8vvsxdllbxzs281mj 0 192691 1540367 1523551 2026-05-11T13:20:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Roe''' (alizaliwa [[Manchester]], [[Uingereza]], [[23 Septemba]], [[1955]]) ni mchezaji wa kimataifa wa [[soka]] wa Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya [[Wanaume]] ya [[Kanada]] ambaye alicheza misimu kumi na miwili katika Ligi ya Soka ya [[Amerika Kaskazini]] mwaka 1968–1984 na misimu miwili katika Ligi Kuu ya Soka ya Ndani.<ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Waring|first=Ed|title=Italia beats White Eagles 1-0 on Roe's goal|date=June 8, 1976|work=The Globe and Mail|page=37}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1988/statsasl88.htm#TB |title=1988 Tampa Bay Rowdies |accessdate=2024-12-03 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717101753/http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1988/statsasl88.htm#TB |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] d9ihtgkovc0q9lswtt8at0xm5jdk7a9 1540493 1540367 2026-05-11T16:05:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Roe''' (alizaliwa [[Manchester]], [[Uingereza]], [[23 Septemba]], [[1955]]) ni mchezaji wa kimataifa wa [[soka]] wa Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya [[Wanaume]] ya [[Kanada]] ambaye alicheza misimu kumi na miwili katika Ligi ya Soka ya [[Amerika Kaskazini]] mwaka 1968–1984 na misimu miwili katika Ligi Kuu ya Soka ya Ndani.<ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Waring|first=Ed|title=Italia beats White Eagles 1-0 on Roe's goal|date=June 8, 1976|work=The Globe and Mail|page=37}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1988/statsasl88.htm#TB |title=1988 Tampa Bay Rowdies |accessdate=2024-12-03 |archive-date=2011-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717101753/http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1988/statsasl88.htm#TB |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] neaprnahhwtsop4q5n1vj7vvdevf1px 0 194020 1540357 1377335 2026-05-11T12:59:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Robert Wilson''' (alizaliwa [[Hamilton, Ontario]] [[3 Julai]], [[1941]]) ni mtafsiri na mwandishi wa [[Kanada]]. Mwaka 1967 alihamia Czechoslovakia ambapo alifanya kazi kama [[mwimbaji]] wa The Plastic People of the Universe. Kwa sababu alikuwa mwanachama wa kikundi hiki, alifukuzwa kutoka Czechoslovakia mwaka 1977.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/books/paul-wilsons-bohemian-rhapsodies |title=Paul Wilson's Bohemian Rhapsodies |last1=Vaughan |first1=David |date=23 June 2012 |website=Radio.cz |accessdate=9 July 2014 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202142055/http://www.radio.cz/en/section/books/paul-wilsons-bohemian-rhapsodies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wilmatheater.org/blog/interview-translator-paul-wilson |title=Interview with Translator Paul Wilson |last1= |first1= |date=22 April 2010 |website=wilmatheater.org |accessdate=9 July 2014 |archive-date=2017-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210015618/https://www.wilmatheater.org/blog/interview-translator-paul-wilson |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] 0xgtqu5gzpcf5u6thueyoapfylo4iws 0 203090 1540823 1404731 2026-05-12T08:10:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yari Allnutt''' (alizaliwa Februari 17, [[1970]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[soka]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alicheza kwa kiwango cha kitaaluma nchini [[Meksiko]] na [[Marekani]], ikiwa ni pamoja na Ligi ya Soka ya Kitaaluma ya Marekani na Ligi Kuu ya Soka ya Marekani.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19920909-01.1.24| title= 3 Olympic Golds Won By Jews| work=Hoosier State Chronicles| date= September 9, 1992 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-11-sp-154-story.html| title= Allnutt Thrives as an Underdog| work= [[Los Angeles Times]]| date= June 11, 1992}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1989/statswsa89.htm#SD|title=WSA 1989 Season|website=a-leaguearchive.tripod.com|accessdate=2025-02-25|archive-date=2011-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717102021/http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1989/statswsa89.htm#SD|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] 8iq91kxdf67008ts62epzee46tuqe8b 0 204464 1540416 1516049 2026-05-11T14:06:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1540416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana''' (anajulikana zaidi kama Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, OSH; [[12 Novemba]] [[1651]] – 17 Aprili [[1695]]) alikuwa mwandishi, mwanafalsafa, mtunzi wa nyimbo, na mshairi wa kipindi cha [[Baroko]] katika [[Hispania Mpya]] ([[Meksiko|Mexico]] na sehemu ya jirani). Pia alikuwa [[mtawa]] wa shirika la Wajeromu na alipewa majina ya "Musa wa Kumi" na "Phoenix wa Amerika" na wakosoaji wake wa wakati huo. Sor Juana alikuwa mmoja wa waandishi muhimu zaidi wa asili ya Amerika waliochangia kipindi cha Dhahabu cha Fasihi ya Kihispania, pamoja na Juan Ruiz de Alarcón na Garcilaso de la Vega "el Inca". Anahesabiwa kuwa mmoja wa waandishi wa kike mashuhuri zaidi katika fasihi ya lugha ya Kihispania na fasihi ya Mexico. Umuhimu wake kwa jamii tofauti umekuwa ukibadilika kwa muda, akiwa amependekezwa kwa utakatifu wa Kanisa Katoliki, kuonekana kama ishara ya utaifa wa Mexico, na mfano wa uhuru wa kujieleza, haki za wanawake, na utofauti wa kijinsia. Hii imemfanya kuwa mtu wa mjadala na utata mkubwa hadi leo. == Maisha == Juana alizaliwa huko San Miguel Nepantla (sasa Nepantla de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz) karibu na Jiji la Meksiko, akiwa binti wa nje ya ndoa wa Don Pedro Manuel de Asuaje y Vargas-Machuca (1602-1680), nahodha wa jeshi la majini la Kihispania kutoka Visiwa vya Canary aliyeshiriki katika usafirishaji na biashara ya kikoloni ya kuvuka Atlantiki, na Doña Isabel Ramírez de Santillana y Rendón (1626-1690), mwanamke mashuhuri wa ukoo wa criolla, ambaye baba yake alikuwa akikodisha Hacienda de Panoayan, karibu na Jiji la Meksiko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Project Vox Team|title=Sor Juana (1648-1695)|url=https://projectvox.org/sor-juana-1648-1695/|url-status=live|access-date=2025-02-12}}</ref> Hacienda ya Panoayan huko Amecameca, makazi ya familia ya Ramírez de Santillana. Kuna kumbukumbu mbili tofauti za ubatizo zinazohusishwa naye, moja ikiwa na jina "Juana" mnamo 1648, na nyingine ikiwa na jina "Inés" mnamo 1651, jambo ambalo bado linajadiliwa na watafiti wa kitaaluma. Hata hivyo, kuna makubaliano kuwa alikuwa mmoja wa watoto watatu wa Doña Isabel Ramírez de Santillana aliowapata nje ya ndoa na Don Pedro de Asuaje. Kwa kuwa baba yake alimwacha katika umri mdogo na hakumfahamu sana, utoto wa Sor Juana ulijikita kabisa katika familia ya mama yake katika hacienda ya Panoayan huko Amecameca, iliyokuwa ikikodishwa na babu yake wa upande wa mama na ikiwa makazi ya familia pana ya Ramírez de Santillana. Miongoni mwa ndugu zake, kulikuwa na wanawake kadhaa waliobeba jina "Inés", wakiwemo bibi yake Inés de Brenes, shangazi yake Inés Ramírez de Santillana, na binamu yake wa kwanza Inés de Brenes y Mendoza, ambaye aliolewa na mjukuu wa Antonio de Saavedra Guzmán, mshairi wa kwanza wa Amerika aliyechapishwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Cervantes|first=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de|title=La Fe de bautismo de "Inés hija de la iglesia" de Sor Juana|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/la-fe-de-bautismo-de-ines-hija-de-la-iglesia-de-sor-juana-774883/html/7661e678-bc4d-467d-ab62-6756ac7edbb0_2.html|access-date=2021-09-21|website=Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes|language=es}}</ref> Baadaye alielezewa kuwa mtoto mwenye kipaji cha ajabu. Sor Juana alipata elimu yake nyumbani katika Hacienda de Panoayan, ambako alijifunza Kilatini na Nahuatl, na pia falsafa na hisabati. Alikuwa na uhuru wa kutumia maktaba ya binafsi ya babu yake. Katika utoto wake, Inés mara nyingi alijificha katika kanisa la hacienda ili kusoma vitabu vya babu yake kutoka maktaba iliyo karibu, jambo ambalo lilikuwa marufuku kwa wasichana. Kufikia umri wa miaka mitatu, alikuwa tayari ameweza kusoma na kuandika Kilatini. Kufikia miaka mitano, aliripotiwa kuwa anaweza kufanya hesabu. Alipofikia miaka minane, aliandika shairi kuhusu Ekaristi. Kufikia ujana wake, Inés alikuwa amebobea katika mantiki ya Kigiriki, na akiwa na miaka kumi na tatu, alikuwa akifundisha watoto wadogo Kilatini. Kwa muda mrefu ilidhaniwa kuwa alijifunza pia lugha ya Nahuatl, lugha ya Waazteki, na aliandika mashairi mafupi kwa lugha hiyo akiwa mtoto, lakini utafiti wa hivi karibuni umepinga wazo hilo.<ref name=":5">Murray, Stuart (2009). The Library: An Illustrated History. Chicago: [[Skyhorse Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-0-8389-0991-1}}.</ref> Mnamo 1664, akiwa na umri wa miaka 16, Inés alitumwa kuishi Jiji la Meksiko. Aliomba ruhusa kwa mama yake ili ajivike mavazi ya mwanafunzi wa kiume ili aweze kujiunga na chuo kikuu kilichokuwepo huko, lakini hakufanikiwa. Bila uwezo wa kupata elimu rasmi, Juana aliendelea kujisomea binafsi. Nafasi ya kifahari ya familia yake ilimpatia nafasi ya kuwa msichana wa heshima katika mahakama ya kifalme ya makoloni, ambako alikuja kuwa chini ya ulezi wa Vicereine Donna Eleonora del Carretto, mwanachama wa moja ya familia mashuhuri zaidi za Italia, na mke wa Gavana wa New Spain, Don Antonio Sebastián de Toledo, Marquis wa Mancera. [[Faili:Claustro_de_Sor_Juana_Inés_de_la_Cruz_DSC_1099_(33088891783).jpg|thumb|Ndani ya chumba cha kulala cha Hieronymite ambapo Sor Juana alitumia muda mwingi wa maisha yake.]] Gavana Marquis de Mancera, akitaka kupima kiwango cha elimu na akili ya msichana huyo wa miaka 17, alialika wanatheolojia, wanasheria, wanafalsafa, na washairi kwenye kikao, ambacho ndani yake alipaswa kujibu maswali mengi bila maandalizi na kuelezea mada ngumu mbalimbali za kisayansi na fasihi. Namna alivyofanya iliwashangaza wote waliokuwepo na ilimpatia heshima kubwa. Mafanikio yake ya kifasihi yalimletea sifa kote New Spain. Alipendwa sana katika mahakama ya kifalme, na alipokea posa nyingi za ndoa, ambazo alizikataa. Baada ya kujiunga na utawa mnamo 1667, Sor Juana alianza kuandika mashairi na maandiko kuhusu mada kama vile mapenzi, haki za wanawake, na dini. Aliyafanya makazi yake ya utawa kuwa kituo cha mijadala, ambacho kilihudhuriwa na wanawake wa hadhi ya juu wa New Spain, wakiwemo Doña Eleonora del Carretto, Marchioness wa Mancera, na Doña Maria Luisa Gonzaga, Countess wa Paredes de Nava, wote wakiwa wake wa magavana wa New Spain. Ukosoaji wake dhidi ya mfumo dume na unafiki wa wanaume ulimletea shutuma kali kutoka kwa Askofu wa Puebla, na mnamo 1694 alilazimishwa kuuza mkusanyiko wake wa vitabu na kujitolea kwa misaada kwa maskini. Alifariki mwaka uliofuata baada ya kuambukizwa tauni alipokuwa akiwahudumia masista wenzake. [[Faili:Libro_de_obras_poéticas_de_Sor_Juana_Inés_de_la_Cruz_(1693)_en_el_MIB_(1).jpg|thumb|Libro de obras poéticas de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1693) kwenye Jumba la Makumbusho la Kimataifa la Baroko]] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1651]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1695]] [[Jamii:waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] md599fm435omcwy8cwc2zve0rxqv3ae 0 205134 1540490 1444433 2026-05-11T16:03:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Ria Schröder''' (alizaliwa [[7 Machi]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Ujerumani]] wa Chama cha ''Free Democratic (FDP)'' ambaye aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa Bundestag kutoka [[2021]] hadi [[2025]]. Schröder alikuwa mwenyekiti wa shirikisho wa shirika la vijana lililoshirikishwa na FDP Young Liberals (Junge Liberale) kuanzia 2018 hadi [[2020]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Junge Liberale bestätigen Ria Schröder als Bundesvorsitzende |url=https://www.liberale.de/content/junge-liberale-bestaetigen-ria-schroeder-als-bundesvorsitzende |website=portal liberal |access-date=31 January 2022 |language=de |archive-date=2022-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201135003/https://www.liberale.de/content/junge-liberale-bestaetigen-ria-schroeder-als-bundesvorsitzende |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tangu [[2019]], amekuwa mtathmini katika kamati kuu ya shirikisho ya FDP. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kuanzia [[2010]], Schröder alisomea sheria katika Shule ya Sheria ya Bucerius huko Hamburg, na kuhitimu na mtihani wa kwanza wa serikali mnamo 2016. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Niendorf |first1=Tim |title=Ria Schröder: Nicht nur meckern |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/wahl-in-hamburg/ria-schroeder-will-bei-der-wahl-in-hamburg-gewaehlt-werden-16644341.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=FAZ.NET |date=22 February 2020 |language=de}}</ref> Tangu [[2016]], amekuwa akisoma historia ya sanaa na [[Italia]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg na kufanya kazi katika kampuni ya sheria ya Hamburg. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Breyton |first1=Ricarda |title=Ria Schröder: Neue Juli-Chefin verrät ihre Agenda |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article175966683/Ria-Schroeder-Neue-Juli-Chefin-verraet-ihre-Agenda.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=DIE WELT |date=30 April 2018 |language=de}}</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Schröder amekuwa mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya jimbo la Hamburg ya FDP tangu 2014, mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya shirikisho ya Young Liberals tangu 2015 na akawa mwenyekiti wa shirikisho la chama cha vijana kilichoshirikishwa na FDP tarehe 27 Aprili 2018. Alishinda mgombeaji mpinzani kwenye kongamano la 56 la shirikisho katika asilimia 56 ya kura za Young Liberals. Schröder alimrithi Konstantin Kuhle, ambaye hakugombea tena kuchaguliwa kama mwenyekiti kufuatia kuchaguliwa kwake katika Bundestag ya Ujerumani. Hapo awali, alikuwa naibu mwenyekiti wa serikali wa shirika la Young Liberals Hamburg kutoka 2014 hadi 2016, na vile vile mtathmini wa kwanza na baadaye naibu mwenyekiti wa shirikisho wa shirika katika kamati kuu ya shirikisho. Katika kongamano la shirikisho la 2019, alichaguliwa tena kwa asilimia 56.6 bila wagombea wanaopinga. Baada ya Schröder kutangaza kwamba hatagombea tena baada ya miaka miwili kama mwenyekiti wa shirikisho la Young Liberals, Jens Teutrine alichaguliwa kama mrithi wake katika kongamano la shirikisho mnamo Agosti 2020 huko Bielefeld. <ref>{{cite news |title=Jens Teutrine neuer Bundesvorsitzender der Jungen Liberalen |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/parteien-bielefeld-jens-teutrine-neuer-bundesvorsitzender-der-jungen-liberalen-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-200829-99-355610 |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=Süddeutsche Zeitung |date=29 August 2020 |language=de}}</ref> Kwa uchaguzi wa shirikisho wa [[2017]], Schröder alisimama kwa FDP katika nafasi ya 4 kwenye orodha ya majimbo ya Hamburg inayoongozwa na Katja Suding. Kwa kuongezea, alishinda ndani ya chama na ombi lake la kugombea moja kwa moja kwa FDP katika eneo bunge la Hamburg-Eimsbüttel dhidi ya Burkhardt Müller-Sönksen, ambaye alikuwa mwanachama wa Bundestag ya Ujerumani hadi 2013. <ref>{{cite news |title=Ria Schröder – FDP-Hoffnung sticht Müller-Sönksen aus |url=https://www.bild.de/regional/hamburg/fdp/hoffnung-sticht-mueller-soenksen-aus-47713338.bild.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=bild.de |language=de}}</ref> Hata hivyo, alishindwa kuingia Bundestag. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gewählte auf Landeslisten der Parteien in Hamburg – Der Bundeswahlleiter |url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2017/gewaehlte/bund-99/land-2.html |website=www.bundeswahlleiter.de |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> Kwa uchaguzi wa Bunge la Hamburg 2020 Schröder alichaguliwa kuweka 7 kati ya orodha ya majimbo ya FDP Hamburg. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Heuck |first1=Frank |title=Anna von Treuenfels-Frowein ist Spitzenkandidatin der FDP für die Bürgerschaftswahl 2020 |url=https://www.fdphamburg.de/wahlergebnisse-listenaufstellung-zur-buergerschaftswahl-2020/ |website=FDP Hamburg |access-date=31 January 2022 |language=de-DE |date=28 September 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hata hivyo, hakufanikiwa kwani FDP haikupitisha kikwazo muhimu cha asilimia 5. <ref>{{cite news |title=Hamburg-Wahl: FDP scheitert an Fünf-Prozent-Hürde |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article206109595/Hamburg-Wahl-FDP-scheitert-an-Fuenf-Prozent-Huerde.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=DIE WELT |date=24 February 2020 |language=de}}</ref> '''Mwanachama wa Bunge la Ujerumani, 2021–2025''' Kwa uchaguzi wa shirikisho wa 2021, Schröder aliomba nafasi ya 1 ya orodha ya jimbo la Hamburg ya FDP. Hakuweza kushinda jumla ya wagombea wengine watatu na baadaye alichaguliwa kuorodhesha nafasi ya 2 <ref>{{cite news |last1=Hasse |first1=Marc |title=Nach Stichwahl: Michael Kruse ist FDP-Spitzenkandidat |url=https://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/kommunales/article232124253/nach-stichwahl-michael-kruse-ist-FDP-spitzenkandidat-fuer-bundestagswahl.html |access-date=31 January 2022 |work=www.abendblatt.de |date=24 April 2021 |language=de-DE}}</ref> na akapigiwa kura katika Bundestag. Katika Bundestag ya 20 ya Ujerumani, Schröder aliwahi kuwa msemaji wa kundi lake la bunge kuhusu sera ya elimu. <ref>{{cite web |title=Fachsprecher der Fraktion der Freien Demokraten |url=https://www.fdpbt.de/fachsprecher-fraktion-freien-demokraten |website=www.fdpbt.de |access-date=31 January 2022 |date=14 December 2021}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Elimu, Utafiti na Tathmini ya [[Teknolojia]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Deutscher Bundestag – Ria Schröder |url=https://www.bundestag.de/abgeordnete/biografien/S/schroeder_ria-861210 |website=Deutscher Bundestag |access-date=31 January 2022 |language=de}}</ref> Mbali na kazi zake za kamati, Schröder alikuwa sehemu ya Kikundi cha Urafiki cha Bunge la Ujerumani kwa Mahusiano na Majimbo ya [[Asia Kusini]]. == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 8ukqun9jm7fw2idcy9of95067c2rlsk 0 205157 1540413 1430224 2026-05-11T14:05:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1540413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Brenda Navarro''' (alizaliwa [[Mexico (mji)|Jiji la Mexico]], [[26 Februari]] [[1982]]) ni [[mwandishi]], [[mwanasosholojia]], na mwanauchumi wa [[Mexico]]. Anatafiti na kuandika kuhusu kazi ya wanawake, ufikiaji wa wanawake kwa utamaduni, haki za kidijiti na ubinadamu, na uhamiaji.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti | title = Brenda Navarro {{!}} Daunt Books Publishing |url=https://dauntbookspublishing.co.uk/authors/brenda-navarro/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=dauntbookspublishing.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> == Wasifu == Navarro alisomea sosholojia na uchumi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Uhuru cha Mexico. Kisha akasomea Shahada ya Uzamili ya jinsia na uraia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Barcelona. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti | title = Brenda Navarro: narrating the experience of migrating to Spain|url=https://aldianews.com/culture/books-and-authors/ash-mouth |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Al Día News |language=en}}</ref> Kwa sasa anaishi [[Madrid]]. <ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://elpais.com/cultura/2020/01/31/actualidad/1580500520_077595.html | title = Brenda Navarro: “Quería hablar de ese México vacío de mujeres”|work= [[El País]] |accessdate=January 5, 2022|first=Andrea |last=Aguilar | date = Februari 1, 2020|language=Spanish }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/empty-houses-a-captivating-debut-from-a-writer-to-watch-1.4498108 | title = Empty Houses: a captivating debut from a writer to watch| date = Machi 15, 2021|work=[[The Irish Times]] |accessdate= January 5, 2022| first= Sarah |last= Gilmartin}}</ref> Mnamo [[2016]] alianzisha #EnjambreLiterario, kikundi cha waandishi wanaokuza uandishi wa wanawake. <ref name=":0" /> Riwaya yake ya kwanza ya Empty Houses ilitafsiriwa kutoka Kihispania na Sophie Hughes na kushinda [[Tuzo]] ya Tafsiri ya Kalamu ya Kiingereza mwaka wa [[2019]]. Imewekwa dhidi ya msingi wa vita vya Meksiko dhidi ya dawa za kulevya.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/feb/23/empty-houses-by-brenda-navarro-review-mexico-city-child-abduction | title = Empty Houses by Brenda Navarro review – two women, one missing child| date = Februari 23, 2021|work=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate= January 5, 2022| first= Anthony |last= Cummins}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.vogue.es/living/articulos/entrevista-brenda-navarro-libros-maternidad-casas-vacias | title = Brenda Navarro: “La maternidad es un confinamiento eterno”|work= [[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |accessdate=January 5, 2022|first=Begoña |last=Gómez Urzaiz | date = Mei 8, 2020|language=Spanish }}</ref> Riwaya yake ya pili ya ''Ceniza en la boca (Ash in the Mouth)'' ilitolewa katika majira ya kuchipua [[2022]]. Inaangazia ugonjwa wa Ulysses - ugonjwa sugu wa mfadhaiko unaoathiri wahamiaji.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.ft.com/content/74c530ac-304f-4905-a457-d0bb5837007f | title = Rooms of their own| date = Aprili 22, 2022|work=[[Financial Times]] |accessdate= April 22, 2022| first= Grace |last= Cook}}</ref> == Maandishi yake == '''Riwaya''' * Empty Houses (2018) * Ceniza en la boca / Ash in the Mouth (2022) '''Hadithi fupi''' * "El asalto a Raúl Castro" (2011)<ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.nagarimagazine.com/el-asalto-a-raul-castro-brenda-navarro | title = El asalto a Raúl Castro|work= Nagari |accessdate=January 5, 2022|first=Brenda |last=Navarro | date = Agosti 30, 2013|language=Spanish }}</ref> * "La cobija azul" (2013)<ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.nagarimagazine.com/la-cobija-azul-brenda-navarro | title = La cobija azul|work= Nagari |accessdate=January 5, 2022|first=Brenda |last=Navarro | date = Juni 29, 2013|language=Spanish }}</ref> * "Jauría de perros" (2015) '''Insha''' * "La construcción de redes, una respuesta antes las políticas migratorias de Estados Unidos" (2018)<ref>{{Rejea habari |url= https://kajanegra.com/la-construccion-de-redes-una-respuesta-ante-las-politicas-migratorias-de-estados-unidos/ | title = El golpe|work= Kaja Negra |accessdate= January 5, 2022 |first= Brenda |last= Navarro | date = |language= Spanish|archive-date= 2019-01-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190106153232/https://kajanegra.com/la-construccion-de-redes-una-respuesta-ante-las-politicas-migratorias-de-estados-unidos/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> '''Ushairi''' * "4 diatribas y media en la Ciudad de México" (2020) ==Tuzo== * Premio Tigre Juan (2020)<ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.elespanol.com/el-cultural/letras/20201215/brenda-navarro-premio-tigre-juan/543697410_0.html | title = Brenda Navarro, Premio Tigre Juan 2020|work= El Español |accessdate=January 5, 2022|first= |last= | date = Desemba 15, 2020|language=Spanish }}</ref> * English Pen Translation Award (2019)<ref>{{Rejea habari|url= https://www.thebookseller.com/news/english-pen-translation-award-winners-revealed-1140826 | title = English PEN translation award winners revealed| date = Desemba 20, 2019|work=The Bookseller |accessdate= January 5, 2022| first= Katie |last= Mansfield }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanasosholojia wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] rs7ywzo99hex0zhkytjzpw4yfjaq9tz 3 206006 1540618 1415289 2026-05-11T20:49:35Z ~2026-28436-90 89257 /* Yazidi daudi mussa lugete */ mjadala mpya 1540618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 18:02, 14 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Yazidi daudi mussa lugete == content creator from tanzania ,historian,enterprenuer [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-28436-90|&#126;2026-28436-90]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-28436-90|talk]]) 20:49, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) gtldcbokdyzgtqik72ppal33pm8mq1c 1540893 1540618 2026-05-12T10:08:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-28436-90|~2026-28436-90]] ([[User talk:~2026-28436-90|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:CaliBen|CaliBen]] 1415289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 18:02, 14 Aprili 2025 (UTC) q2g1z2sf6xigmxxuy3uu5gfulw0elby 4 208508 1540465 1540289 2026-05-11T14:56:31Z Gayle157 73366 /* Makala */ 1540465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-11) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 53 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 76 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 30 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-11)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 707 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3235 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1074 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1522 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 534 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Senegal]] | 7.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 824 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.14 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 419 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 482 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Guinea Bisau]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ureno]] | 2.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 2.70 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 1.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Guinea]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku 30) || 220 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 32367 || ↑ +29.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 1.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 188.2 || — |} ===Makala 5 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3235 || ↑ +14.8% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1074 || ↓ -15.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 824 || ↓ -40.4% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 707 || ↑ +17.6% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 612 || ↑ +4.8% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 534 || ↑ +47.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 482 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 451 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Ufaransa]] || 450 || ↑ +75.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 30) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 137 || 62.3% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 37 || 16.8% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 26 || 11.8% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 20 || 9.1% |- |} tcmz7e2mohg2ncu69muakkmfdhu4vmj 1540537 1540465 2026-05-11T18:25:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1540537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-11) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 53 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 76 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 30 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-11)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 707 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3235 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1074 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1522 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 534 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 278 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Senegal]] | 7.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 824 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.14 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 419 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 482 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Guinea Bisau]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ureno]] | 2.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 2.70 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 1.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Guinea]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku 30) || 221 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 26158 || ↑ +25.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 1.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 152.1 || — |} ===Makala 5 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3235 || ↑ +14.8% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1074 || ↓ -15.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 824 || ↓ -40.4% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 707 || ↑ +17.6% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 612 || ↑ +4.8% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 534 || ↑ +47.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 482 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 451 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Ufaransa]] || 450 || ↑ +75.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 30) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 137 || 62.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 37 || 16.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 26 || 11.8% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 20 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 1 || 0.5% |- |} eb2du756j1bj4xhe6r8k9gu0g5583uc 1540539 1540537 2026-05-11T18:27:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1540539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-11) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 53 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 76 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 30 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-11)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 707 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3235 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1522 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 534 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 290 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Senegal]] | 7.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 824 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.14 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 419 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 482 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Guinea Bisau]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ureno]] | 2.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 2.70 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 1.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Guinea]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku 30) || 221 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 26158 || ↑ +25.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 1.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 152.1 || — |} ===Makala 5 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3235 || ↑ +14.8% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1074 || ↓ -15.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 824 || ↓ -40.4% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 707 || ↑ +17.6% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 612 || ↑ +4.8% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 534 || ↑ +47.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 482 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 451 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Ufaransa]] || 450 || ↑ +75.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 30) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 137 || 62.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 37 || 16.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 26 || 11.8% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 20 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 1 || 0.5% |- |} lxqm1m9eo38pj1n5fdioojvzwe1wckl 1540810 1540539 2026-05-12T07:38:36Z Gayle157 73366 /* Takwimu */ 1540810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-11) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 53 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 76 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 30 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-11)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 707 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3235 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1522 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 534 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 290 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Senegal]] | 7.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 824 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.14 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 419 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 482 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Guinea Bisau]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ureno]] | 2.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 2.70 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 1.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Guinea]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku 30) || 221 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 26158 || ↑ +25.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 1.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 152.1 || — |} ===Makala 5 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 3235 || ↑ +14.8% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1074 || ↓ -15.8% |- | 3 || [[Irani]] || 824 || ↓ -40.4% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 707 || ↑ +17.6% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 612 || ↑ +4.8% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 534 || ↑ +47.1% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 500 || ↑ +20.5% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 482 || ↑ +2.3% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 451 || ↓ -15.9% |- | 10 || [[Ufaransa]] || 450 || ↑ +75.1% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 30) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 137 || 62.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 37 || 16.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 26 || 11.8% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 20 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 1 || 0.5% |- |} mb0t51hj5d3jf11ahxnrwo1thrt2ed6 1540884 1540810 2026-05-12T10:03:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1540884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-11) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 53 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 76 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 30 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-11)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 612 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 707 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3235 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1102 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1522 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 534 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 290 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 394 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Senegal]] | 7.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 824 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 450 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.14 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 316 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 331 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 419 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 218 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 482 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 251 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222 |- | [[Guinea Bisau]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 245 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ureno]] | 2.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 2.70 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 274 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 0 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 1.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Guinea]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku 30) || 223 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17664 || ↑ +30.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 1.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 102.7 || — |} ===Makala 5 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 1060 || ↓ -17.0% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 807 || ↓ -39.5% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 705 || ↑ +16.1% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 535 || ↑ +47.0% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 475 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 452 || ↑ +75.9% |- | 7 || [[Vatikani]] || 422 || ↑ +56.9% |- | 8 || [[Ethiopia]] || 399 || ↑ +24.7% |- | 9 || [[Israeli]] || 392 || ↓ -61.4% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 378 || ↑ +62.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 30) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 137 || 61.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 37 || 16.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 28 || 12.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 20 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 1 || 0.4% |- |} cajack6inl2bbdxmao4pknjtsf1aolv 1540890 1540884 2026-05-12T10:06:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1540890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-05-12) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 53 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 76 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 30 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-05-12)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.23 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 608 |- | [[Kenya]] | 8.99 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 705 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 8.80 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 3240 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1105 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1593 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.09 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 535 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 399 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 445 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 288 |- | [[Senegal]] | 7.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 342 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 807 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 223 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 452 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 5.59 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 395 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 5.18 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 540 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 248 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.14 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 335 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 319 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 378 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 330 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.47 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.43 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 422 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.08 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 238 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 279 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 3.62 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 475 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.45 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Guinea Bisau]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.20 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 191 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Zambia]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Ureno]] | 2.76 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 2.70 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 264 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Norwei]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Nepal]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.97 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 1.96 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 1.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Guinea]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 18 |- | [[San Marino]] | 1.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Guam]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 172 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku 30) || 223 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17664 || ↑ +30.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 1.3 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 102.7 || — |} ===Makala 5 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Marekani]] || 1060 || ↓ -17.0% |- | 2 || [[Irani]] || 807 || ↓ -39.5% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 705 || ↑ +16.1% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 535 || ↑ +47.0% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 475 || ↓ -1.0% |- | 6 || [[Ufaransa]] || 452 || ↑ +75.9% |- | 7 || [[Vatikani]] || 422 || ↑ +56.9% |- | 8 || [[Ethiopia]] || 399 || ↑ +24.7% |- | 9 || [[Israeli]] || 392 || ↓ -61.4% |- | 10 || [[Uganda]] || 378 || ↑ +62.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 30) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 137 || 61.4% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 37 || 16.6% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 28 || 12.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 20 || 9.0% |- | 5 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 1 || 0.4% |- |} jrrkfv14nk0ztlycoud7aewik1sxosy 0 208595 1540379 1539311 2026-05-11T13:39:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Wasifu */ 1540379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benedicte Mundele''' (anajulikana pia kama Benedicte Mundele Kuvuna, alizaliwa 1992) ni mjasiriamali wa bidhaa za mboga mboga safi kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] . == Wasifu == Mundele alihudhuria Taasisi ya Elynd mjini Kinshasa na Shule ya Sekondari ya Ufundi na Ufundi ya Kimbondo jijini humo, akijiunga na Wakfu wa Kuvuna akiwa na {{Nowrap|16 ans}} (Wakfu wa Kuvuna ulianzishwa mwaka wa 1998, na unalenga kuwashauri, kusaidia, na kuwafunza vijana kuwa wajasiriamali na viongozi) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=En RDC, Bénédicte Mundele se bat inlassablement pour la promotion du consommer local|url=https://afropreneuriat.net/index.php/en-rdc-benedicte-mundele-se-bat-inlassablement-pour-la-promotion-du-consommer-local/femmesleaders/|accessdate=2020-12-01|archive-date=2023-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909081110/https://afropreneuriat.net/index.php/en-rdc-benedicte-mundele-se-bat-inlassablement-pour-la-promotion-du-consommer-local/femmesleaders/|url-status=dead}}</ref> . Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa ''Surprise tropicale'', iliyoundwa katika 2012, kantini inayohudumia milo yenye afya katika vitongoji vya [[Kinshasa]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Bénédicte MUNDELE, une jeune fille engagée pour le bien être des communautés.|url=https://pourelle.info/?p=17327|date=20 avril 2020|accessdate=2020-12-01}}</ref>. Mnamo 2014, alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Anzisha <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en-US|title=Benedicte Mundele – Anzisha Prize|url=http://anzishaprize.org/fellows/benedict-mundele/|accessdate=2020-12-01}}</ref> . Mnamo 2019, upo miongoni mwa wanawake 100 wa wa [[BBC]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en-US|first=Nicole Lyn|last=Pesce|title=Inspired by AOC, Megan Rapinoe and Greta Thunberg? You should be, according to this list|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/greta-thunberg-megan-rapinoe-and-aoc-make-bbcs-list-of-inspiring-and-influential-women-2019-10-16|accessdate=2020-12-01}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] c8vaz3ngv16w742cwdte9jikk7pcr5u 0 211382 1540730 1443192 2026-05-12T02:31:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tomislav Ašković''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 4]], [[1951]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa zamani wa masafa marefu wa [[Yugoslavia]] ambaye alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya [[Uropa]] ya mwaka [[1986]] na Michezo ya Mediterania ya mwaka [[1987]] katika [[Mbio za marathon]]. == Kazi ya kukimbia == Mwaka [[1979]], Ašković alishinda "Mbio za Ukombozi wa Ludbreg" huko Ludbreg, na kumaliza mbele ya mshindi wa pili Marjan Krempl ambaye baadaye angekuwa mwanariadha aliyefanikiwa. <ref name="VV">{{cite web|url=http://library.foi.hr/novine/broj1.aspx?v=1&t=1&C=3&godina=1979&broj=000040&stranica=011&u=le%9Ain*mladen|work=Varaždinske vijesti|title=''Tomislav Ašković -pobjednik''|language=Serbo-Croatian|date=November 11, 1979}}</ref> Mnamo [[Julai 8]], [[1980]], alikimbia mbio zake za binafsi katika mbio za mita 5000 kwa dakika 13:47.80, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya sita katika mkutano wa ''Rosicky Memorial'' katika ''Stadion Evžena Rošického''. <ref>[https://more.arrs.run/race/36965]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Association of Road Racing Statisticians - Race profile: ''Rosicky Memorial''. July 8, 1980.</ref> Ašković alishiriki mashindano ya ''New York City Marathon'' ya mwaka 1986,alimaliza katika nafasi ya 25 kwa muda wa 2:18:27. <ref>[https://results.nyrr.org/event/861102/finishers] ''NYC Marathon 1986''. ''[[New York Road Runners|NYRR]]''. November 2, 1986.</ref> Alimaliza katika nafasi ya 14 katika mbio za marathon za wanaume katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Uropa ya mwaka 1986 kwa muda wa 2:15:27. Mnamo [[Juni 7]], 1987, alishinda ''Novi Sad Marathon'' kwa saa 2:14:30, ingawa kozi hiyo ilikuwa fupi kulingana na Chama cha Watakwimu wa Mashindano ya Barabarani. <ref>[https://more.arrs.run/race/53684]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Association of Road Racing Statisticians - Race profile: ''Novi Sad Marathon''. "Unacceptable for records or rankings. Short course." June 7, 1987.</ref> Alimaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika mbio za marathon za wanaume katika Michezo ya Mediterania ya mwaka 1987. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Yugoslavia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] ryfkbuthpkib5iyah1qf7fw4n6gf63t 0 211483 1540791 1518817 2026-05-12T06:36:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540791 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Buffalini.jpg|thumb|Lebo ya shirika.]] [[Picha:Gaspar1.jpg|thumb|[[Mwanzilishi]] wa shirika na [[kikombe]] cha [[Damu Azizi]] ya [[Yesu]].]] '''Wamisionari wa Damu Azizi''' ([[jina]] kamili la [[Kilatini]]: '''Congregatio Missionariorum Pretiosissimi Sanguinis Domini Nostri Jesu Christi''') ni [[shirika la maisha ya kitume]] kwa [[Mwanaume|wanaume]] lililoanzishwa na [[Gaspare del Bufalo]] [[mwaka]] [[1815]]. Alipofariki kwa [[kipindupindu]] mwaka [[1837]] wanashirika walikuwa tayari 200 hivi. Tangu mwaka [[1966]] [[shirika]] limestawi nchini [[Tanzania]]. Kwa jumla [[dunia|duniani]] lilikuwa na [[Upadri|mapadri]] 484 na wanachama wengine 189, jumla 673 mwaka [[2018]]. ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category}} *[http://cppsmissionaries.org/ Missionaries of the Precious Blood website] *[https://cpps-preciousblood.org/]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-katoliki}} [[Jamii:Wamisionari]] sp1dg6omgolkejhff9q4ok6h0kyb0b4 0 214187 1540691 1526475 2026-05-12T00:30:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tolly Mbwette and Sven Erik Jorgensen.jpg|thumb|Sven Erik Jørgensen akiwa na Tolly Mbwette huko Tivoli (Copenhagen)]] '''Sven Erik Jørgensen''' ([[29 Agosti]] [[1934]] – [[5 Machi]] [[2016]]) alikuwa [[Ekolojia|mwanaekolojia]] na [[Kemia|mwanakemia]] kutoka [[Denmark]]. <ref>{{cite web|url= https://runeberg.org/salmonsen/2/10/0953.html|title =Professor Sven Erik Jorgensen|website= European Academy of Sciences|author= Toni Camacho |access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref> == Wasifu == Pia alikuwa anajulikana kama mtu wa biathlon. === Shahada za kitaaluma na heshima === Mwaka 1958, alipewa Shahada ya Uzamili ya [[Sayansi]] katika uhandisi wa [[kemikali]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi cha Denmark, kisha Shahada ya [[Udaktari]] wa [[Uhandisi]] wa [[Mazingira]] (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) na Shahada ya Udaktari wa [[Sayansi]] katika uundaji wa mifano ya kiikolojia (Chuo Kikuu cha Copenhagen). Alifundisha kozi za uundaji wa mifano ya kiikolojia katika [[nchi]] 32. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua [[profesa]] mstaafu wa kemia ya mazingira katika Chuo Kikuu cha Copenhagen. Alikuwa daktari wa heshima katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Coimbra]], [[Ureno]] na katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]]. Alipokea tuzo kadhaa: * Tuzo ya Ruđer Bošković * Tuzo ya Prigogine * Medali ya Blaise Pascal * Uprofesa wa Einstein katika Chuo cha Sayansi cha [[China]] * Tuzo ya Santa Chiara kwa ufundishaji wa taaluma mbalimbali. Mwaka 2004, pamoja na William J. Mitsch, alipewa Tuzo ya Maji ya Stockholm.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://english.iue.cas.cn/ju/fsp/201312/t20131231_115135.html |title= Einstein Professorship Program Chinese Academy of Sciences |website= Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences |access-date= May 1, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.isemworld.org/about-isem/ |title = About ISEM|website= International Society for Ecological Modelling |access-date=May 1, 2020}}</ref><ref name="modelsThatAdapt">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.denmark.dk/CMS.Web/Templates/Content%20Pages/DefaultPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7B697D584C-D341-4782-9AA2-F57CC352AE24%7D&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fen%2Fmenu%2FAbout-Denmark%2FScience-Research%2FResearch-Areas%2FEnvironmental-Research%2FEcologicalModelsThatAdapt%2F&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest |title="Ecological Models that Adapt", Denmark.dk, Retrieved May 4, 2009. |accessdate=2025-09-16 |archive-date=2016-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330015939/http://denmark.dk/CMS.Web/Templates/Content%20Pages/DefaultPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7B697D584C-D341-4782-9AA2-F57CC352AE24%7D&NRORIGINALURL=/en/menu/About-Denmark/Science-Research/Research-Areas/Environmental-Research/EcologicalModelsThatAdapt/&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1934|2016}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Denmark]] ck9e3u2jxl88nast3r5qzfa0tdit10n 0 215204 1540531 1524923 2026-05-11T17:45:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Saïd Benrahma - 20240326.jpg|thumb|Benrahma akiichezea [[Algeria]] mnamo [[2024]]]] [[Faili:Said benrahma (cropped).png|thumb|Benrahma mwaka [[2015]]]]'''Mohamed Saïd Benrahma''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]] مُحَمَّد سَعِيد بْن رَحْمَة; alizaliwa [[10 Agosti]] [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Algeria]] anayecheza kama [[Winga|winga wa kushoto]] katika klabu ya Saudi Pro League Neom na timu ya taifa ya Algeria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=La Fiche de Saïd Benrahma – Football algerien|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/iframe_include/joueur_iframe.php?id=2528|access-date=8 July 2018|website=www.dzfoot.com|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024120016/http://www.dzfoot.com/iframe_include/joueur_iframe.php?id=2528|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Historia == Benrahma alianza taaluma yake ya kitaalamu katika klabu ya Nice, na baadaye alikopa kucheza na Angers, Gazélec, na ''Châteauroux'' mwanzoni mwa taaluma yake. Alipata umaarufu baada ya kuhamia [[Brantford|Brentford]] mnamo mwaka [[2018]] katika Michuano ya EFL, akifunga mabao 27 katika mechi 83 kwa klabu ya West London, kabla ya kujiunga na [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza]] kupitia West Ham United. Mnamo [[Juni]] [[2024]], '''[[Lyon]]''' ilitumia chaguo la kununua na kumtangaza rasmi baada ya kipindi cha mkopo chenye mafanikio.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=6 October 2015|title=Benrahma : "Apprendre auprès de grands joueurs"|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2015/10/06/benrahma-je-suis-la-pour-apprendre-aupres-de-grand-joueurs-75236.php|access-date=14 October 2015|publisher=DZFoot|language=fr|archive-date=2020-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018162033/http://www.dzfoot.com/2015/10/06/benrahma-je-suis-la-pour-apprendre-aupres-de-grand-joueurs-75236.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] 4phzyat8z4mge5vz2fonuvpxaz0amdj 3 215890 1540929 1462679 2026-05-12T10:49:16Z Neriah 46921 Neriah alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Crushcrushcrush1]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Crushcrushcrush]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush1|Crushcrushcrush1]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush|Crushcrushcrush]]" 1462679 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 07:14, 15 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) 2iukkfyymg9ikrwoo9uaxipne1ycxcb 0 216520 1540580 1525348 2026-05-11T19:22:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|picha=Sekai Nzenza in Tehran (2023).jpg}} '''Sekai Irene Nzenza Kanhutu''' ni [[mwandishi]], mkosoaji wa tamaduni, na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sekai Shand {{!}} AustLit: Discover Australian Stories|url=https://www.austlit.edu.au/austlit/page/A26425|work=www.austlit.edu.au|accessdate=2025-10-25|language=en|author=Austlit}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Zimbabwe]] ep0t5p123n5lmoi00s1k8ockybecnwp 0 219773 1540438 1523887 2026-05-11T14:27:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Qaeqaho Moses Maraamele''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1973]] huko [[Dekar]], Wilaya ya [[Ghanzi]]), anayejulikana pia kama '''Q Moses''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] ya kuona na mtengenezaji wa chapa aliyejifunza mwenyewe kutoka [[Botswana]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa jamii ya San, kundi la asili la [[Afrika]] ya Kusini. Kazi zake zinaangazia zaidi uhifadhi na uendelezaji wa urithi wa kitamaduni wa San kupitia sanaa.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2019-08-16 |title=MOSES MAARAMELA |url=https://kuonatrust.org/moses-maaramela/ |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=Kuona Trust {{!}} Centre For Visual Arts In Kenya |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Maraamele alilelewa Dekar, ambapo alizungukwa na mila pamoja na mandhari ya [[Jangwa la Kalahari]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Qaeqhao Moses Biography |url=https://creativetswana.com/Qaeqhao-Moses?|website=CreativeTswana}}</ref> Jina lake, ''Qãetcao'' linalomaanisha ''moyo mwema'' alipewa na marafiki zake wa utotoni kutoka jamii ya San likionyesha uhusiano wake wa kina na jamii pamoja na utamaduni wake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-04-03 |title=About Kuru Art - Kuru Art Project |url=https://kuruart.com/about-us/ |access-date=2025-10-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> Alianza safari yake ya kisanaa mwaka 1994 kwa kujiunga na Mradi wa Sanaa wa Kuru, jukwaa linalounga mkono wasanii wa asili nchini Botswana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Artist QAEQHAO MOSES|url=https://www.capegallery.co.za/qaeqhao_moses_cv.htm? |access-date=2025-10-03 |website=The Cape Gallery }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Botswana]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Afrika]] 03fb19nffavpotgu5b9mtfusdvpodf3 0 220409 1540763 1528951 2026-05-12T06:01:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540763 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viyé Diba''' (alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni [[msanii]] wa media mchanganyiko, usakinishaji, na uigizaji wa [[Senegal]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Grabski|first=J.|date=2015-01-01|title=Viye Diba's Tout Se Sait: The Affective Experience of Urban Life|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/nka/article/2015/36/94-107/2055|journal=Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art|language=en|volume=2015|issue=36|pages=94–107|doi=10.1215/10757163-2914361|s2cid=145098850 |issn=1075-7163|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=U.S. Department of State, Art in Embassies|title=Viye Diba|url=https://art.state.gov/personnel/viye_diba/|access-date=2021-10-03|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona|title=Viyé Diba|url=https://www.cccb.org/en/participants/file/viye-diba/221003|access-date=2021-10-03|website=CCCB|language=en}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa kutumia nyenzo zilizopatikana, za ndani, mbichi na zilizosindikwa katika kazi yake, akionyesha kupendezwa kwake na mandhari ya mazingira.<ref name="brooklynredescape" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Harney|first=Elizabeth|date=2000|title=Review of Viyé Diba: Profound Beauty|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3337779|journal=African Arts|volume=33|issue=2|pages=80–81|doi=10.2307/3337779|jstor=3337779 |issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="nationalmuseumviyediba" /> Kazi ya Diba imejumuishwa katika maonyesho kadhaa ya kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Dak'Art, Johannesburg Biennale, na Biennale d'Abidjan, na ilionyeshwa katika maonyesho ya peke yake katika Jumba la sanaa la Kitaifa huko [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]]. <ref name=":1" /> Kazi yake inaweza kuonekana katika Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya [[North Carolina]], Makumbusho ya [[Brooklyn]], na Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Sanaa ya Kiafrika huko [[Washington, D.C.]] <ref name="brooklynredescape">{{cite web |title=Red Escape II |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/198842 |website=Brooklyn Museum |accessdate=October 4, 2018 |archive-date=2024-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210022931/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/198842 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nationalmuseumviyediba">{{cite web |title=Viye Diba |url=https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/people/asitem/D/15/displayDate-asc;jsessionid=354DC147C3FB2BA0F8618DA2E9FB0674?t:state:flow=2c21403a-327f-4535-96d6-fe0e696151cb |website=National Museum of African Art |accessdate=October 4, 2018 |archive-date=October 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004104150/https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/people/asitem/D/15/displayDate-asc;jsessionid=354DC147C3FB2BA0F8618DA2E9FB0674?t:state:flow=2c21403a-327f-4535-96d6-fe0e696151cb |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-03-11|title=Escape I|url=https://ncartmuseum.org/object/escape-i/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=North Carolina Museum of Art|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:wasanii wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2roljiygl4ngm279klqpb5b0gt34am0 0 220587 1540863 1530138 2026-05-12T09:38:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540863 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zoulikha Oudai''' au '''Lalla Zoulikha Oudai'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/260195|work=www.djazairess.com|accessdate=2026-01-19|archive-date=2025-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530193647/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lnr/260195|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=From militants to student activists: The women who fought for Algeria|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/algeria-women-militants-independence-activists|work=Middle East Eye|accessdate=2026-01-19|language=en}}</ref> (1911 - 1957) alikuwa mwanamke wa Chenouas kutoka Algeria ambaye alifariki wakati wa Vita vya Uhuru wa [[Algeria]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Femmes algériennes sans visages !: Toute l'actualité sur liberte-algerie.com|url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/chronique/femmes-algeriennes-sans-visages-402|work=http://www.liberte-algerie.com/|accessdate=2026-01-19|language=fr|author=liberte-algerie.com|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525084304/https://www.liberte-algerie.com/chronique/femmes-algeriennes-sans-visages-402|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Taarifa ya Maisha == Zoulikha Oudai alizaliwa Mei 7, 1911 huko Hadjout, na alikulia Cherchell. Alikuwa na watoto watano; baada ya mumewe na mmoja wa wanawe kuuwawa na majeshi ya Kifaransa, alijitolea kwa sababu ya uhuru na kujiunga na Front ya Ukombozi wa [[Taifa]] (Algeria) kama kiongozi wa kikanda wa Cherchell. Kisha aliingia kwa siri na kuwa mpelelezi maarufu wa Front. Alikamatwa na majeshi ya Kifaransa mnamo [[1957]] na kuuwawa baada ya siku 10 za mateso yasiyo na matokeo. Mwili wake haukurejeshwa hadi 1984; sasa amezikwa katika makaburi ya mashahidi huko Menaceur.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=From militants to student activists: The women who fought for Algeria|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/algeria-women-militants-independence-activists|work=Middle East Eye|accessdate=2026-01-19|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1957]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Algeria]] d6d2g66a29zjng8skrih8ht7sr3lcaa 0 220974 1540392 1539365 2026-05-11T13:51:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah|image=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah 2025.jpg|caption=Dr Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah mwaka 2025|order=|office=Raisi wa Tano wa Namibia|primeminister=[[Elijah Ngurare]]|vicepresident=[[Lucia Witbooi]]|predecessor=[[Nangolo Mbumba]]|successor=|order2=|office2=Makamu wa Raisi wa Tatu wa Namibia|president2=Nangolo Mbumba|predecessor2=Nangolo Mbumba|successor2=Lucia Witbooi|office3=Naibu Waziri Mkuu wa Namibia|primeminister3=[[Saara Kuugongelwa]]|predecessor3=[[Marco Hausiku]]|successor3=[[John Mutorwa]]|office4=Waziri wa Mahusiano na Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa|primeminister4={{ubl |[[Hage Geingob]] |Saara Kuugongelwa}}|predecessor4=[[Utoni Nujoma]]|successor4=[[Peya Mushelenga]]|office5=Waziri wa Mazingira na Utalii|primeminister5=[[Nahas Angula]]|predecessor5=[[Willem Konjore]]|successor5=[[Uahekua Herunga]]|office6=Waziri wa Habari na Utangazaji|primeminister6=Nahas Angula|predecessor6=Nangolo Mbumba|successor6=[[Joel Kaapanda]]|office7=Waziri wa Mambo ya Wanawake na Ustawi wa Watoto|primeminister7=Hage Geingob|predecessor7=Position established|successor7=[[Marlene Mungunda]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|1952|10|29|df=y}}|birth_place=Onamutai, [[South West Africa]] (now [[Namibia]])|death_date=|death_place=|party=[[South West Africa People's Organization|SWAPO]]|spouse=[[Epaphras Denga Ndaitwah]]}} '''Ndemupelila Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah''' (jina la utani '''NNN'''; alizaliwa [[29 Oktoba]] [[1952]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]] ambaye amekuwa [[Orodha ya Marais wa Namibia|rais wa tano na wa sasa wa Namibia]] tangu tarehe [[21 Machi]] [[2025]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=3 December 2024|title=Namibia will have its first female leader after the VP wins presidential election for ruling party|url=https://www.ktalnews.com/news/u-s-world/ap-namibia-will-have-its-first-female-leader-after-the-vp-wins-presidential-election-for-ruling-party/|accessdate=3 December 2024|work=KTALnews.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209082547/https://www.ktalnews.com/news/u-s-world/ap-namibia-will-have-its-first-female-leader-after-the-vp-wins-presidential-election-for-ruling-party/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia ndiye rais wa kwanza mwanamke nchini humo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Namene|first=John-Colin|date=4 December 2024|title=Nandi-Ndaitwah elected as Namibia's first woman president|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwah-elected-as-namibias-first-woman-president/|accessdate=4 December 2024|work=The Namibian|language=en-GB}}</ref> Hapo awali, alihudumu kama makamu wa tatu wa rais chini ya Rais Nangolo Mbumba kati ya mwaka [[2024]] na [[2025]]. Alishikilia nafasi mbalimbali za kisiasa na za uwaziri wa ngazi ya juu pamoja na majukumu mbalimbali ndani ya chama cha SWAPO na serikali yake kwa kipindi kisichokatizwa cha miaka 57. Alikuwa mgombea wa kwanza mwanamke wa urais wa SWAPO (Shirika la Watu la Kusini Magharibi mwa Afrika) mwaka wa [[2024]] . Mnamo [[2017]], Nandi-Ndaitwah alichaguliwa kuwa makamu wa rais wa SWAPO, mwanamke wa kwanza kuhudumu katika nafasi hiyo. Kabla ya kuingia katika nafasi ya juu ya uongozi, Nandi-Ndaitwah alihudumu kama naibu waziri mkuu wa Namibia kuanzia 2015 hadi 2024, waziri wa Mahusiano na Ushirikiano wa Kimataifa kuanzia Desemba [[2012]] hadi 2015, na kama waziri wa Mazingira na Utalii kuanzia Machi [[2010]] hadi Desemba 2012. Pia ni mbunge wa muda mrefu wa Bunge la Kitaifa la nchi hiyo. ==Maisha na Elimu== Netumbo Nandi alizaliwa Oktoba 29 Mwaka 1952, wazazi wake walikuwa ni Justina Nekoto Shaduka-Nandi na Petrus Nandi, alizaliwa katika mji wa Onamutai, Kusini Magharibi mwa Afrika, Leo ni mpakani mwa mkoa wa Ohangwena na Oshana nchini [[Namibia]]. Baba yake alikuwa Kasisi wa Kianglikana. Alikuwa ni mtoto wa tisa kati ya Watoto 13. Ndaitwah alipata Elimu yake katika shule ya St. Mary's Mission katika eneo la Odibo. Nandi-Ndaitwah alianza kujihusisha na siasa akiwa msichana mdogo sana, alijiunga na chama cha SWAPO akiwa na miaka 14. Akawa [[kiongozi]] wa vijana wadogo ndani ya SWAPO, Nandi-Ndaitwah alikuja kukutana na upinzani mkubwa wa kisiasa uliohatarisha maisha yake na kumbidi aishi maisha ya kujificha. == Tuzo == Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah ni mpokeaji wa tuzo za ''African Political Leader of the Year'' na ''African Female Leader of the Year'' zinazotolewa na jarida la African Leadership Magazine (ALM).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-12-02|title=BREAKING: NETUMBO NANDI-NDAITWAH, MANDISA MAYA, OTHER LEADERS NAMED AFRICAN LEADERSHIP MAGAZINE PERSONS OF THE YEAR 2025 - African Leadership Magazine|url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/breaking-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah-mandisa-maya-other-leaders-named-african-leadership-magazine-persons-of-the-year-2025/|access-date=2025-12-03|language=en}}</ref> Pia alitunukiwa tuzo ya ''Thought Leadership'' katika Tuzo za Maendeleo Endelevu za [[Namibia]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Mukokobi|first=Pricilla|date=21 Juni 2024|title=Namibia: VP Recognised for Environmental Contribution|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202406210399.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903212720/https://allafrica.com/stories/202406210399.html|archive-date=3 Septemba 2024|access-date=3 Septemba 2024|work=New Era|language=en}}</ref> Nandi-Ndaitwah pia alitambuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Uongozi wa Vizazi Tofauti (Inter-Generational Leadership Award) katika Mkutano wa Nala Feminist (Nalafem) wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=VP Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah receives inter-generational leadership award|url=https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/106178|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702192345/https://www.nbcnews.na/index.php/node/106178|archive-date=2 Julai 2024|access-date=23 Novemba 2024|website=nbcnews.na}}</ref> Aidha, anashikilia Shahada ya Heshima ya Udaktari kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nandi-Ndaitwah awarded honorary doctorate by University of Dar es Salaam|url=https://nbcnews.na/news/nandi-ndaitwah-awarded-honorary-doctorate-university-dar-es-salaam.38635|access-date=23 Novemba 2024|website=nbcnews.na}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Namibia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] [[Jamii:Marais wa Namibia]] [[Jamii:WikiGap JWK 2026]] fk2zi5rbykolywt70j84eboir9lkf8t 0 221185 1540733 1527370 2026-05-12T02:47:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Touria Oulehri''' (alizaliwa [[1962]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na msomi kutoka nchini [[Moroko]]. Anajulikana kama mmoja wa waandishi wa kike muhimu wa nchini Moroko, ambaye kazi zake zinachunguza kwa kina [[saikolojia]] ya wanawake na changamoto za kijamii katika ulimwengu wa sasa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Centre Dona i Literatura|url=http://www.ub.edu/cdona/lletra_de_dona/fitxautora/oulehri.htm|work=www.ub.edu|accessdate=2026-01-25}}</ref>. == Maisha na kazi == Oulehri alizaliwa katika kijiji cha Assoul nchini Morocco.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2019-12-30|title=Touria Oulehri, une romancière "habitée" par la condition de la femme !|url=https://www.africalifestyles.com/touria-oulehri-une-romanciere-habitee-par-la-condition-de-la-femme/|access-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416125631/https://www.africalifestyles.com/touria-oulehri-une-romanciere-habitee-par-la-condition-de-la-femme/|archive-date=16 April 2021|website=Africa Lifestyles|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Alisoma shule ya sekondari mjini [[Meknès]], kisha akaendelea na elimu ya juu katika Fez na nchini [[Ufaransa]].<ref name=":0" /> Ana shahada katika sheria ya umma na shahada ya uzamivu katika fasihi ya Kifaransa.<ref name="Maghress">{{cite web |title=Journée Internationale de la femme |url=https://www.maghress.com/fr/jeunesdumaroc/3077 |website=Maghress |access-date=22 Machi 2024 |language=fr |date=7 Machi 2008 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Amefanya kazi kama mwalimu katika École Normale Supérieure huko Meknès,<ref name="Oliveras2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Touria Oulehri. La répudiée|url=http://www.ub.edu/cdona/lletra_de_dona/fitxautora/oulehri.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923194335/http://www.ub.edu/cdona/lletra_de_dona/fitxautora/oulehri.htm|archive-date=23 September 2006|language=es|website=Center Dona i Literatura|publisher=Universitat de Barcelona|last=Oliveras|first=Carlota}}</ref> na pia kama mhadhiri wa fasihi ya Kifaransa.<ref name="Maghress"/> Amechapisha makala kuhusu literary criticism pamoja na waandishi wa karne ya 16.<ref name="Maghress"/> Ni miongoni mwa kundi la waandishi wanawake wa Kimoroko wanaotumia Kifaransa walioanza kuandika katika miaka ya [[1980]] na [[1990]], licha ya fasihi ya Morocco kwa muda mrefu kutawaliwa na wanaume. Kazi zake zinajikita katika mada za ufeministi na masuala ya kijamii na kisiasa.<ref name="Chapter 4">{{cite book |last1=Khannous |first1=Touria |editor1-last=Bratt |editor1-first=Kirstin Ruth |editor2-last=Elbousty |editor2-first=Youness M. |editor3-last=Stewart |editor3-first=Devin |title=Vitality And Dynamism: Interstitial Dialogues of Language, Politics, and Religion in Morocco's Literary Tradition |date=2014 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=9789087282134 |edition=1st |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/315/oa_edited_volume/chapter/1815666 |access-date=23 Machi 2024 |chapter=Chapter 4. Writing in the Feminine: The Emerging Voices of Francophone Moroccan Women Writers}}</ref><ref name="Orlando">{{cite journal |last1=Orlando |first1=Valérie K. |title=Being-in-the-world: the Afropolitan Moroccan author's worldview in the new millennium |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |date=September 2013 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=275–291 |jstor=42005328 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42005328 |access-date=23 Machi 2024}}</ref> Riwaya yake ya kwanza, ''La répudiée'', ilichapishwa mwaka 2001. Riwaya hiyo inahusu mwanamke wa tabaka la juu nchini Morocco ambaye hawezi kupata watoto; mume wake anamshawishi kukubali ndoa ya wake wengi kisha anamwacha baada ya kukataa.<ref name="Chapter 4"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Belarbi |first1=Mokhtar |title=Métamorphoses du corps féminin dans la littérature marocaine et japonaise |journal=Sens Public |date=3 March 2011 |url=https://www.sens-public.org/articles/812/?lang=fr |access-date=22 Machi 2024 |language=fr}}</ref> Oulehri anafanya ulinganisho kati ya uharibifu wa maisha ya mhusika mkuu na 1960 Agadir earthquake, huku matukio hayo pia yakimpa fursa ya kuanza upya maisha bora.<ref name="Chapter 4"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zoulagh |first1=Latifa |title=Touria Oulehri: Du corps morcelé au corps reconstruit |journal=Women in French Studies |date=2019 |volume=27 |pages=62–74 |doi=10.1353/wfs.2019.0020 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/746179 |access-date=23 Machi 2024 |language=fr}}</ref> Riwaya hiyo ilisababisha mjadala nchini Morocco kwa sababu ya namna inavyoonyesha mwanamke anayetafuta utimilifu wa maisha bila kuwa mama au kuwa na mwenzi wa kiume.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Segarra |first1=Marta |title=Nouvelles romancières francophones du Maghreb |date=2010 |publisher=Karthala Editions |isbn=9782811103224 |pages=98–100 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5r3ZpFhrTcC&dq=Touria+Oulehri&pg=PA98 |access-date=23 Machi 2024 |language=fr}}</ref> Mada za ufeministi na uzoefu wa wanawake zimeendelea kuonekana katika riwaya zake za baadaye; kwa mfano, katika ''Les Conspirateurs sont parmi nous'' (2006), mhusika mkuu mchanga hana elimu kuhusu mwili wake na anasumbuliwa na hedhi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=El Kourri |first1=Rachid |title=Le roman féminin au Maroc : un itinéraire de combattantes |journal=Faits de Langue et société |date=2018 |issue=3–4 |page=140 |url=https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/FLS/article/view/11516 |access-date=23 Machi 2024 |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka [[2019]], riwaya yake ''Aime-moi et je te tue'' iliwasilishwa katika Casablanca International Book Fair.<ref name="AfricaL">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2019-12-30|title=Touria Oulehri, une romancière "habitée" par la condition de la femme !|url=https://www.africalifestyles.com/touria-oulehri-une-romanciere-habitee-par-la-condition-de-la-femme/|access-date=2021-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416125631/https://www.africalifestyles.com/touria-oulehri-une-romanciere-habitee-par-la-condition-de-la-femme/|archive-date=16 April 2021|website=Africa Lifestyles|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Katika mahojiano ya mwaka [[2007]], Oulehri aliulizwa anaandika kwa ajili ya nani, akizingatia kiwango cha chini cha usomaji nchini humo. Alijibu: "{{lang|fr|nous écrivons pour nous-mêmes et personne d'autre}}" (tunaandika kwa ajili yetu wenyewe na si kwa ajili ya mtu mwingine yeyote).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Orlando |first1=Valérie K. |title=La Littérature-monde in the 'New Morocco': literary humanism for a global age. |journal=International Journal of Francophone Studies |date=2009 |volume=12 |issue=2/3 |page=368 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233632597 |access-date=23 Machi 2024}}</ref> == Vitabu == *''La répudiée'' (Afrique-Orient, 2001)<ref name="AfricaL"/> *''La Chambre des nuits blanches'' (Marsam, 2004)<ref name="AfricaL"/> *''Les Conspirateurs sont parmi nous'' (Marsam, 2006)<ref name="AfricaL"/> *''Laisse mon corps te dire'' (Marsam, 2016)<ref name="AfricaL"/> *''Aime-moi et je te tue'' (Virgule, 2019)<ref name="AfricaL"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h9h41899ipdvrlbfx7mwkeup4obc1kr 0 221412 1540533 1524942 2026-05-11T17:52:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sakhla Sylla''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[22 Novemba]] [[1989]]) ni mchezaji wa soka kutoka [[Senegal]] anayecheza kama kiungo. Amekuwa mjumbe wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya [[Senegal]].<ref name=CAF>{{Rejea tovuti|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009195520/http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/awc2014qualifiers(2014)/TeamDetails/playerdetails?PlayerId=uVVjF5LFY7Az3qpAjWPdTIALS9X1v7jz2ksI7AEefIHjLrPA5Atyq5xunlI3%2f3sF&TeamsIDs=UiTW21Mwh%2fVESS8j4UPYKrntTXWGBMcsS6Z79ys00T1naAfw2hHLclMNlld99jQi|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/awc2014qualifiers(2014)/TeamDetails/playerdetails?PlayerId=uVVjF5LFY7Az3qpAjWPdTIALS9X1v7jz2ksI7AEefIHjLrPA5Atyq5xunlI3%2f3sF&TeamsIDs=UiTW21Mwh%2fVESS8j4UPYKrntTXWGBMcsS6Z79ys00T1naAfw2hHLclMNlld99jQi|title=Competitions - AWC 2014 Qualifiers (2014) - Team Details - Player Details|website=Confederation of African Football|archive-date=9 October 2014|accessdate=23 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.africatopsports.com/2014/05/25/eliminatoires-can-feminine-2014-senegalaises-et-camerounaises-se-quittent-dos-a-dos-1-a-1/|title=Eliminatoires CAN féminine 2014: Sénégalaises et Camerounaises se quittent dos à dos (1 à 1)|website=Africa Top Sports|language=fr|accessdate=23 March 2022}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika ngazi ya klabu, Sylla amewahi kuichezea Etoile du Sine, Sirènes Grand Yoff na US Parcelles Assainies Dakar nchini Senegal. == Kazi ya klabu == Sylla amewahi kuzichezea Etoile du Sine, Sirènes Grand Yoff na US Parcelles Assainies Dakar nchini Senegal. ==Kazi ya kimataifa== Mtaala uliopangwa kwa ajili ya Senegal katika ngazi ya juu wakati wa kufuzu Kombe la Mataifa ya Wanawake la Afrika 2014. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Senegal]] g1csj6zvh5m8epk6ll01t09snk2zo6r 0 221470 1540388 1539347 2026-05-11T13:48:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana Sigei Chepkemoi''' (alizaliwa [[14 Oktoba]] [[1987]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Kenya]] anayekimbia mbio za masafa marefu, akishiriki katika [[marathoni]] na nusu marathoni.<ref>[https://registration.baa.org/2013/cf/public/wnd_iAthleteDetailsWindow.cfm?RaceAppID=26831 Diana Sepei Chepkemoi] {{Wayback|url=https://registration.baa.org/2013/cf/public/wnd_iAthleteDetailsWindow.cfm?RaceAppID=26831 |date=20160204045858 }}, BAA.org, 2013, Retrieved 3 February 2016</ref> Chepkemoi alizaliwa Kenya mwaka 1987. Mume wake, Henry, na nduguye, Salim Kipsang, wote ni mbiofundi. Wana mtoto mmoja wa kiume na wanaishi Eldoret. Kocha wake ni Patrick Sang, mbiofundi wa zamani wa Kenya. Chepkemoi ndiye mwanamke pekee anayefanya mazoezi katika kikundi huko Kaptagat, karibu na Bonde Kuu la Ufa, Kenya. ==Kazi== Mwaka 2010, alishika nafasi ya kwanza mara tatu katika mashindano ya umbali mbalimbali nchini Austria, Ufaransa na Uholanzi. Chepkemoi alivutia zaidi mwaka [[2011]] alipomaliza katika nafasi ya sita katika marathoni ya Dubai na wa nne katika Marathoni ya Toronto, ARRS, Iliwekwa mnamo 3 Februari [[2016]]. Alimaliza wa pili katika mbio za maili kumi huko Amsterdam kwa muda wa 52:46, na pia wa pili Berlin katika mbio za kilomita 25.<ref>[https://registration.baa.org/2013/cf/public/wnd_iAthleteDetailsWindow.cfm?RaceAppID=26831 Diana Sepei Chepkemoi] {{Wayback|url=https://registration.baa.org/2013/cf/public/wnd_iAthleteDetailsWindow.cfm?RaceAppID=26831 |date=20160204045858 }}, BAA.org, 2013, Iliwekwa mnamo 3 Februari 2016</ref> Mwaka [[2012]], alimaliza wa pili katika nusu marathoni za Lisbon na nusu marathoni za Lille. Alimaliza wa nne katika Amsterdam Marathon na wa tano katika Marathoni ya Boston siku ambayo ilikuwa na joto kali sana. Mwaka [[2013]], alimaliza wa pili katika Marathoni ya Jakarta na akashinda nusu marathoni ya Lille. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanariadha-kenya}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] bkfqzi0b3ubgyv6i5d0rxc4n3b4f4en 0 221875 1540491 1529942 2026-05-11T16:04:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540491 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ricardo Alonso''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[21 Machi]] [[1957]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka ambaye alianza kucheza katika nafasi ya mshambuliaji kabla ya kuhamia nafasi ya beki katika hatua za baadaye za taaluma yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1989/1989asl.htm|title=ASL 1989 Season|accessdate=2026-02-02|archive-date=2011-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723104255/http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1989/1989asl.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alonso alicheza misimu sita katika North American Soccer League (NASL), misimu minne katika Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL), angalau misimu mitatu katika American Indoor Soccer Association (AISA), msimu mmoja katika American Soccer League (ASL), na misimu miwili katika American Professional Soccer League (APSL).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1990/statsasl90.htm#Ft.L|title=ASL 1990 Season|accessdate=2026-02-02|archive-date=2011-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717102650/http://a-leaguearchive.tripod.com/1990/statsasl90.htm#Ft.L|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] 52eideguh1r25lvadpc3697wnk5ac6d 0 221947 1540694 1526501 2026-05-12T00:33:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvia Banda''' (alizaliwa [[1962]]) ni [[mwanamke]] [[mfanyabiashara]], [[mmiliki]] wa [[Mgahawa|migahawa]] na [[mjasiriamali]] wa kijamii wa [[Zambia]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21551608|title=Zambian open window gave restaurant lift-off|last=|first=|date=28 February 2013|website=BBC News|publisher=BBC|accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7934763.stm|title=Top tips from Africa's entrepreneurs|last=|first=|date=11 March 2009|website=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=2013-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/90/Zambia_SylvaCatering.pdf |title=Growth Management for a Zambian Hospitality Empire: Sylvia Banda and Sylva Professional Catering Services and College Limited |publisher=Columbia Business School|accessdate=2018-02-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.startupgrind.com/events/details/startup-grind-lusaka-presents-sylvia-banda-sylva-group-of-companies|title=Sylvia Banda (Sylva Group of companies)|publisher=Startup Grind|accessdate=2018-02-17|archive-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218023940/https://www.startupgrind.com/events/details/startup-grind-lusaka-presents-sylvia-banda-sylva-group-of-companies|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia ni mwanachama wa shirika lisilo la faida linaloitwa Ashoka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ashoka.org/en/fellow/sylvia-banda |title=SYLVIA BANDA |publisher=Ashoka|accessdate=2018-02-17}}</ref> Banda anahimiza matumizi ya vyakula vya asili, akichagua viungo kwa ajili ya mgahawa wake kutoka kwa [[wakulima]] wa ndani na wadogo wadogo.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.times.co.zm/?p=46795|title='Add value to products'|last=Chanda|first=Davies M.M.|date=25 December 2014|website=Times of Zambia|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-17|archive-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218090813/http://www.times.co.zm/?p=46795|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alianzisha biashara yake mwenyewe, Sylva Professional Catering, mwaka [[1986]].<ref name=":0" /> Kufikia mwaka [[2009]], alikuwa na migahawa 16 mjini [[Lusaka]].<ref name=":1" /> Mwaka 2014, aliwekeza [[Dola ya Marekani|dola za Marekani]] 105,000 kufungua kiwanda cha usindikaji wa chakula nchini [[Zambia]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.lusakavoice.com/2014/11/26/sylva-catering-invests-105000/|title=Sylva Catering invests $105,000 {{!}} Lusaka Voice|date=2014-11-26|work=Lusaka Voice|access-date=2018-02-17|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi == Banda pia amewahi kuhudumu kama mwenyekiti wa tawi la Zambia la African Women Entrepreneurship Programme (AWEP).<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.lusakavoice.com/2013/04/24/remove-barriers-for-female-entrepreneurs-kaseba/|title=Remove barriers for female entrepreneurs — Kaseba {{!}} Lusaka Voice|date=2013-04-24|work=Lusaka Voice|access-date=2018-02-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Lusaka Voice'' inamuelezea Banda kama “mmoja wa wajasiriamali wanaotambulika zaidi nchini [[Zambia]].”<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.lusakavoice.com/2015/03/19/nyamuka-zambia-promoting-transformative-entrepreneurship-in-zambia/|title=Nyamuka Zambia Promoting Transformative Entrepreneurship in Zambia {{!}} Lusaka Voice|date=2015-03-19|work=Lusaka Voice|access-date=2018-02-17|language=en-US}}</ref> Banda na mume wake, Hector, huchapisha mapishi ya vyakula vya asili vya Zambia katika safu ya kila wiki ya [[gazeti]] la ''Times of Zambia'' iitwayo “Zambian Dishes with Sylvia Catering.”<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.times.co.zm/?p=54284|title=Preparing Fishbone Soup|last=|first=|date=28 March 2015|website=Times of Zambia|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-17|archive-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218090608/http://www.times.co.zm/?p=54284|url-status=dead}}</ref> Banda pia huwafundisha wanawake jinsi ya kuhifadhi vyakula vya asili.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.times.co.zm/?p=94039|title=Sylva Catering to train 80,000 women|last=Chanda|first=Davies M.M.|date=5 March 2017|website=Times of Zambia|language=en-US|access-date=2018-02-17|archive-date=2018-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218090545/http://www.times.co.zm/?p=94039|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana shirika lisilo la faida linaloitwa ''Sylva Food Solutions'' (SFS) linalosaidia wakulima wa ndani kukuza biashara zao.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://afkinsider.com/36988/sylvia-banda-changing-the-way-zambians-eat-farm/|title=Innovator Sylvia Banda Is Changing The Way Zambians Eat And Farm|last=Brown|first=Ann|date=2014-01-08|work=AFKInsider|access-date=2018-02-17|language=en-US}}</ref> Banda hufanya kazi kwa kushirikiana na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Zambia]] kutoa [[programu]] ya mafunzo inayotegemea kilimo, inayohimiza mawazo bunifu pamoja na kukuza vyakula na mapishi ya jadi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ashoka.org/en/fellow/sylvia-banda|title=Sylvia Banda &#124; Ashoka &#124; Everyone a Changemaker}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Zambia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Zambia]] rrmta44hpy4icnqe2ec43lhc99qjw49 0 222800 1540514 1499589 2026-05-11T16:56:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roselène Khezami''' (alizaliwa [[2 Septemba]] [[2001]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa anayecheza katika nafasi ya beki. Anachezea klabu ya Marseille inayoshiriki Seconde Ligue. Akiwa amezaliwa nchini [[Ufaransa]], anaiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Algeria katika ngazi ya kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9300-khezami-roselene/fiche.html|title=ROSELÈNE KHEZAMI - Fiche de la joueuse sur la page de la Fédération Française|language=fr|website=fff.fr|access-date=4 April 2024}}</ref> == Kazi ya Klabu == Khezami amekuwa akichezea timu za mpira wa miguu za Marseille tangu utoto wake, akianza JO Saint-Gabriel hadi 2012, kisha US Marseille Endoume (Union Sportive Marseille Endoume Catalans) hadi 2015 kabla ya kujiunga na Olympique de Marseille Academy ambapo alikaa kwa miaka mitatu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9300-khezami-roselene/fiche.html|title=ROSELÈNE KHEZAMI - Wasifu wa mchezaji kwenye ukurasa wa Shirikisho la Soka la Ufaransa|language=fr|website=fff.fr|access-date=4 Aprili 2024}}</ref> Mnamo 2018, alisaini mkataba wake wa kwanza wa kitaaluma na RC Saint-Denis katika Divisheni ya 2 Féminine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coeursdefoot.fr/event/d2-l-om-sign-plusieurs-renforts-dont-marine-coudon-fc-fleury-91-/|title=D2: OM asaini wachezaji kadhaa wa ziada, ikiwa ni pamoja na Marine Coudon (FC Fleury 91)|language=fr|date=21 Julai 2018|website=coeursdefoot.fr|access-date=4 Aprili 2024}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> katika msimu uliofuata alijiunga na US Saint-Malo ambapo alikaa kwa misimu mitatu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/roselene-khezami-est-olympienne-37955527|title=Roselene Khezami ni Mwanariadha wa Olimpiki!|language=fr|date=31 Julai 2023|website=onefootball.com|access-date=4 Aprili 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] ka4vyrehww9h9m4u7jk0g98nsouy3a0 0 224202 1540769 1492877 2026-05-12T06:10:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540769 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir William Schwenck Gilbert''' ([[18 Novemba]] [[1836]] - [[29 Mei]] [[1911]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia, [[mtunzi]] wa vitabu, [[mshairi]] na [[mchoraji]] wa [[Uingereza]] aliyejulikana zaidi kwa ushirikiano wake na mtunzi [[Arthur Sullivan]], ambao walitoa opera kumi na nne za katuni.<ref>Kenrick, John. [http://www.musicals101.com/gilbert3.htm ''G&S Story: Part III''], accessed 13 October 2006; and Powell, Jim. [http://www.libertystory.net/LSARTSGILBERT.htm ''William S. Gilbert's Wicked Wit for Liberty''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.libertystory.net/LSARTSGILBERT.htm |date=20170129140225 }} accessed 13 October 2006.</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1836]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1911]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] mhioyfszk7olgkivu3m0xl32l4wuidm 0 224762 1540542 1493685 2026-05-11T18:29:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{wikigapjwk2026}}}} '''Sandra Leigh Stosz''' amezaliwa 1960 ni mstaafu mwenye cheo cha [[Vice admiral (United States)|Makamu wa Admirali]] kwenye jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani ambaye wadhifa wake wa mwisho katika utumishi hai ulikuwa Naibu Kamanda wa Huduma za Uungaji Mkono wa Misheni. Awali, alichaguliwa na kamanda mkuu wa jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani [[Admiral (United States)|ADM]] [[Robert J. Papp]] kuwa [[Superintendent (education)|msimamizi mkuu]] wa chuo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani, mwaka 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title = Military academy gets female leader |url = http://www.nola.com/newsflash/index.ssf/story/connecticut-at-2-am/8326a98017f748228f72b99098ec183c |date = 2010-12-15 |issue = Saint Tammany Edition |page = A2 |newspaper = Times-Picayune |place = New Orleans |accessdate = 2010-12-15 |first = Daniela |last = Altimari }}</ref> Kwa uteuzi huo, alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuongoza [[United States service academies|chuo cha kijeshi cha huduma]] nchini Marekani.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.piersystem.com/go/doc/2487/422159/ |title = First woman to take helm of a U.S. military academy |newspaper = United States Coast Guard Academy Media Port |date = 2010-12-14 |accessdate = 2010-12-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.qg.com/smartools/ebook/hosted.rails?issue=febd5da58922431e9f7ce8f7b860ef12d0cf1c5778104e158ab3e8f7b860ef12 |first = William A. |last = Malec |title = Female firsts |date = May 2012 |accessdate = 2012-05-01 |page = 19 |magazine = Military Officer |publisher = Military Officers Association of America }}</ref> Wakati wa uteuzi wake kuongoza chuo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini, alikuwa mkurugenzi wa [[United States Coast Guard Reserve|Akiba ya Walinzi wa Pwani]] na mafunzo ya uongozi.<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/flag/CG13.asp Director of Reserve and Training United States Coast Guard] (iliangaliwa 9 Septemba 2010).</ref> Stosz alithibitishwa kuwa Makamu wa Admirali mwezi Mei 2015. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == [[File:ADM-Stosz001.jpg|left|thumb|Stosz akiwa Luteni mwaka 1991, pamoja na [[President of the United States|Rais wa Marekani]] [[George H. W. Bush]].]] Stosz alikuwa bingwa wa jimbo la Maryland wa mchezo wa kutupa diski(riadha) alipokuwa akisoma katika shule ya [[Mount Hebron High School]] huko [[Ellicott City]], na pia alikuwa mwogeleaji wa kiwango cha [[Junior Olympic]].<ref name="OS" /> Stosz ni mhitimu wa mwaka 1982 wa chuo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini cha [[United States Coast Guard Academy]] kilichopo [[New London, Connecticut]], na ana shahada ya uzamili ya [[master of business administration]] kutoka chuo kikuu [[Northwestern University]] kupitia shule ya [[Kellogg School of Management]] iliyoko [[Evanston, Illinois]]. == Kazi == Stosz ndiye mhitimu wa kwanza mwanamke wa chuo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini, kufikia cheo cha bendera (flag rank).<ref> Mwanamke wa kwanza kufikia cheo cha bendera katika U.S. Coast Guard alikuwa [[Vice Admiral]] [[Vivien Crea]], ambaye alipata shahada yake ya kwanza kutoka [[University of Texas at Austin]]; Coast Guard Academy ilianza kupokea wanawake mwaka 1976, na Stosz alikuwa katika darasa la tatu lililojumuisha wanawake. {{cite journal |first = Connie |last = Braesch |url = http://coastguard.dodlive.mil/index.php/2009/12/guardian-of-the-week-rdml-sandra-stosz/ |title = Guardian of the Week – RDML Sandra Stosz |journal = Coast Guard Compass |date = 2009-12-04 |accessdate = 2010-09-11 }}</ref> Akiwa chuoni hapo, alishiriki katika timu ya meli ya jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini ambayo ilianza kujumuisha jinsia zote, na pia timu ya wanaume ya kuogelea kabla ya michezo ya wanawake kuanzishwa.<ref name="OS" /> Mwaka 1990, akiwa [[Lieutenant (naval)|Luteni]] wa jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini, Stosz alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuongoza chombo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini katika eneo la [[Great Lakes]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theofficer-digital.com/theofficer/20100910#pg48 |title=Live lessons for a strategic plan: New Coast Guard Reserve chief sets her sights on 2020 |periodical=Officer |publisher=Reserve Officers Association |volume=86 |issue=4 |pages=46–47 |first=Elizabeth H. |last=Manning |date=2010-09-10 }}</ref> Chombo hicho ambacho ni meli ilikuwa [[USCGC Katmai Bay (WTGB-101)|USCGC ''Katmai Bay'' (WTGB 101)]], yenye kituo chake [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan]], ambacho tangu kuzinduliwa kwake mwaka 1979 kimehudumu katika [[Great Lakes]] kama sehemu ya [[Organization of the United States Coast Guard#Regional responsibilities|Wilaya ya Tisa ya Coast Guard]] (jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini). ''Katmai Bay'' ni boti ya kuvuta meli ya kuvunja barafu yenye urefu wa futi 140, ikiwa na wafanyakazi 17 (maafisa 3 na wanajeshi 14).<ref>[http://www.uscg.mil/d9/cgcKatmaiBay/ Coast Guard specifications for the ''Katmai Bay'' (WTGB 101)], iliangaliwa 12 Septemba 2010.</ref> Pia amewahi kuwa afisa kamanda wa kituo cha mafunzo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani kilichopo Cape May, New Jersey.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/flag/CG13.asp |title=USCG: Flag/SES Bios - Assistant Commandant for Human Resources |website=www.uscg.mil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518053900/http://www.uscg.mil/flag/CG13.asp |archive-date=2007-05-18}} </ref> === Afisa wa Bendera === Katika nafasi yake kama kiongozi wa jeshi la akiba la ulinzi wa baharini, mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2011 alitangaza mpango wa kuongeza idadi ya wanachama wa akiba hadi 8,100 kutoka 7,600 waliokuwepo mwaka 2010; sababu mojawapo ilikuwa uzoefu uliopatikana wakati wa [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|ajali ya mafuta ya ''Deepwater Horizon'']], ambapo jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini ilikumbwa na upungufu wa wanachama wa akiba kusaidia wanajeshi wa kudumu.<ref>{{cite news |first = Sandra |last = Stosz |date = January–February 2011 |title = From quick response to new horizons: 2010 events emphasized the importance of the Coast guard Reserve and served as a foundation to build a stronger future force |url = http://www.theofficer-digital.com/theofficer/20110102#pg55 |newspaper = Officer |publisher = Reserve Officers Association |volume = 87 |issue = 1 |pages = 52–54 |accessdate = 2011-01-08 }}</ref> === Chuo === Mwaka 2013, kwa niaba ya chuo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini, Stosz alisaini makubaliano ya ushirikiano wa mashirika ya serikali na [[Vice Admiral|Makamu Admirali]] [[Michael S. Devany]], mkuu wa mamlaka ya kitaifa ya bahari na hali ya hewa.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.moaa.org |first = Tom |last = Philpott |date = April 2015 |accessdate = 2015-03-28 |title = Future focus |page = 61 |magazine = Military Officer |volume = 13 |issue = 4 }}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2014, ilitangazwa kwamba Stosz angeendelea kuhudumu kama admirali. Kabla yake, wasimamizi wote wa chuo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini wa Marekani (USCGA) walistaafu baada ya kumaliza muda wao wa uongozi.<ref>[http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/09/12/rear-adm-stosz-to-continue-with-coast-guard.html Rear Adm. Stosz to Continue with Coast Guard]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Tess Townsend, Military.com, 12 Septemba 2014, iliangaliwa 2 Juni 2015</ref> Muda wake katika chuo uliisha tarehe 1 Juni 2015 alipokabidhi madaraka kwa Admirali mdogo bwana James Rendon. Hafla ya makabidhiano ilisimamiwa na naibu kamanda wa jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani, Makamu wa Admirali [[Peter V. Neffenger]].<ref name="AP-NT">[http://www.navytimes.com/story/military/coast-guard/2015/06/01/new-superintendent-takes-helm-at-coast-guard-academy/28320673/ New superintendent takes helm at Coast Guard Academy], Associated Press / Navy Times, 1 Juni 2015</ref> === 2015–2018 === Stosz alithibitishwa kuwa Makamu wa Admirali na seneti ya Marekani tarehe 31 Mei 2015, na akavikwa rasmi cheo hicho siku iliyofuata kabla ya kukabidhi uongozi wa chuo. Alihudumu mjini Washington kama naibu kamanda wa uungaji mkono wa misheni hadi alipobadilishwa na Makamu wa Admirali Michael F. McAllister tarehe 25 Mei 2018.<ref name="theday">[http://www.theday.com/article/20150601/NWS09/150609966 Rendon takes the helm from Stosz at Coast Guard Academy], Julia Bergman, The Day, 1 Juni 2015</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Stosz ameolewa na Bob Volpe,ambaye ni luteni kamanda mstaafu wa jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani.<ref name="theday" /> Katika mahojiano na jarida la ''People Magazine'', alielezea kazi yake katika jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani kama “safari ya maisha yake.” Wazazi wake walikuwa wahandisi wa kemikali Max Stosz na mkewe Joy. Ana ndugu watatu, wote wanaume.<ref name=People/> Ameelezea “kazi aliyofurahia zaidi” kuwa ziara yake ya kwanza baada ya kuhitimu chuo cha jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini, alipokuwa afisa chipukizi wa jeshi la majini, katika meli ya kuvunja barafu ya meli ya jeshi la ulinzi wa baharini la Marekani ya Glacier ( (AGB/WAG/WAGB 4), iliyompeleka [[Haiti]], [[New Zealand]], visiwa mbalimbali vya [[Oceania|Pasifiki ya Kusini]], na [[Antarctica]]. == Heshima == * Mwaka 2012, Stosz alitajwa na jarida la ''[[Newsweek]]'' kuwa miongoni mwa “Wanawake 150 Wanaotikisa Dunia.”<ref name="OS" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==[[Jamii: WikiGap JWK 2026]]== 5u2c24itpf2jnzedwtd9wid8vs18uk5 0 227127 1540435 1502997 2026-05-11T14:20:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540435 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Prishani Naidoo''' (1 Novemba 1973 – 23 Desemba 2024) alikuwa msosholojia, mwandishi na mwanaharakati kutoka Afrika Kusini. Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Society, Work and Politics Institute (SWOP) na mhadhiri, baadaye mhadhiri mwandamizi, katika Idara ya Sosholojia ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]] (Wits), Johannesburg.<ref name="SWOP-remembering">{{cite web |title=Re-Membering Prishani Naidoo |url=https://swop.org.za/prishani-naidoo-copy/ |website=SWOP: Society, Work and Politics Institute |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |date=27 Desemba 2024 |access-date=5 Desemba 2025 |quote=Dr. Prishani Naidoo (1 Novemba 1973 – 23 Desemba 2024) ... Director (2019–2024).}}</ref><ref name="CALS">{{cite web |last=Gaertner |first=Lee-Anne |title=Tribute to Dr Prishani Naidoo |url=https://www.wits.ac.za/news/sources/cals-news/2025/tribute-to-dr-prishani-naidoo.html |website=Centre for Applied Legal Studies |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |date=21 Januari 2025 |access-date=5 Desemba 2025}}</ref> Kazi yake ilijikita katika utafiti wa harakati za kijamii, utambulisho wa kisiasa, masuala ya kazi, umaskini na elimu ya juu katika Afrika Kusini ya baada ya ubaguzi wa rangi (post-apartheid). Pia alikuwa na historia ndefu ya kushiriki katika harakati za wanafunzi, jamii na mapambano dhidi ya ubinafsishaji wa huduma za umma.<ref name="SWOP-remembering" /><ref name="SAHA">{{cite web |last=McKinley |first=Dale |title=Transcript of interview with Prishani Naidoo |url=https://www.saha.org.za/downloadfile.php?path=al3290%2Fal3290_d2.1.11.pdf |website=South African History Archive |date=19 Februari 2010 |access-date=5 Desemba 2025}}</ref><ref name="ROAPE">{{cite journal |last=McKinley |first=Dale T. |title=Prishani Naidoo: a beautifully diverse, radical and principled tapestry of life, thought and struggle |journal=Review of African Political Economy |year=2025 |volume=52 |issue=183 |pages=133–138 |doi=10.62191/ROAPE-2025-0006 |url=https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.62191%2FROAPE-2025-0006 |access-date=5 Desemba 2025}}</ref> Naidoo alihariri pamoja na wengine vitabu kadhaa vya mfululizo wa ''New South African Review'' na pia aliandika pamoja insha kuhusu harakati mpya za kijamii na mazingira ya maandamano ya wananchi nchini Afrika Kusini.<ref name="NSR1">{{cite web |title=New South African Review 1. 2010: Development or Decline |url=https://www.southafricanlabourbulletin.org.za/new-south-african-review-1-2010-development-or-decline/ |website=South African Labour Bulletin |date=20 Novemba 2021 |access-date=5 Desemba 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Globalizations">{{cite journal |last1=von Holdt |first1=Karl |last2=Naidoo |first2=Prishani |title=Mapping movement landscapes in South Africa |journal=Globalizations |year=2019 |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=170–185 |doi=10.1080/14747731.2018.1479019 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2018.1479019 |access-date=5 Desemba 2025}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Naidoo alizaliwa Durban tarehe 1 Novemba 1973, na muda mfupi baadaye familia yake ilihamia Port Shepstone, kwenye pwani ya kusini ya KwaZulu-Natal, ambako alikulia.<ref name="SAHA" /><ref name="ROAPE" /> Alisoma katika shule ya serikali ya Wahindi mjini Port Shepstone kabla ya kurejea Durban katika miaka ya 1980 kumalizia masomo yake katika shule ya sekondari ya wasichana ya Kikatoliki.<ref name="SAHA" /> Alikulia katika familia yenye uelewa wa kisiasa: wazazi wake wote walikuwa madaktari, na baba yake Dillie Naidoo alihusishwa na uamsho wa Natal Indian Congress na harakati za Black Consciousness.<ref name="StudentLeaders" /><ref name="Amandla">{{cite web |last=McKinley |first=Dale |date=10 Aprili 2025 |title=Prishani Naidoo: a beautifully diverse, radical and principled tapestry of life, thought and struggle |url=https://www.amandla.org.za/prishani-naidoo-a-beautifully-diverse-radical-and-principled-tapestry-of-life-thought-and-struggle/ |access-date=5 Desemba 2025 |website=Amandla!}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza shule, alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Durban-Westville (baadaye sehemu ya [[Chuo Kikuu cha KwaZulu-Natal]]), ambapo alijihusisha na siasa za wanafunzi kupitia South African National Students’ Congress (SANSCO).<ref name="StudentLeaders" /><ref name="SAHA" /> Baadaye alihamia [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]], akianza na masomo ya udaktari kabla ya kubadilisha na kusoma Shahada ya Sanaa (BA) katika Kiingereza na Sosholojia. Alihitimu BA mwaka 1997 na BA ya heshima (Honours) katika fasihi linganishi mwaka [[1998]].<ref name="SWOP-remembering" /> Katika miaka ya 2000 alifanya masomo ya uzamili katika maendeleo katika University of KwaZulu-Natal, na baadaye akatunukiwa shahada ya PhD mwaka 2010 kwa utafiti uliochunguza uundaji wa “maskini” katika Afrika Kusini ya baada ya ubaguzi wa rangi.<ref name="CALS" /><ref name="Thesis">{{cite thesis |last=Naidoo |first=Prishani |title=The Making of "the Poor" in Post-Apartheid South Africa: A Case Study of the City of Johannesburg and Orange Farm |publisher=University of KwaZulu-Natal |year=2010}}</ref> == Harakati na kazi za kijamii == Harakati zake za kisiasa zilianza akiwa kijana wakati wa mwisho wa enzi ya apartheid, aliposhiriki katika mashirika ya African National Congress (ANC) na ANC Youth League.<ref name="Amandla" /><ref name="ROAPE" /> Akiwa Wits, alikuwa kiongozi mashuhuri wa wanafunzi, akishiriki katika mijadala kuhusu elimu ya juu na uongozi wa wanafunzi. Alishika nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi ndani ya South African Students’ Congress (SASCO) na pia alihudumu kama makamu wa rais wa Wits SRC mwaka [[1995]].<ref name="StudentLeaders" /> Baada ya masomo yake ya shahada ya kwanza, alifanya kazi katika mashirika ya kijamii, akijikita katika elimu ya jinsia na haki za wafanyakazi kupitia taasisi kama Khanya College na Heinrich Böll Foundation.<ref name="SWOP-remembering" /><ref name="SAHA" /> Mnamo mwaka [[2001]] alianzisha Research and Education in Development (RED) collective, iliyofanya utafiti na elimu kwa jamii kuhusu ubinafsishaji wa huduma za maji na umeme.<ref name="SWOP-remembering" /> Pia alihusika sana na Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF), muungano uliopinga ubinafsishaji wa huduma za msingi nchini Afrika Kusini.<ref name="SAHA" /> == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Naidoo alijiunga na Idara ya Sosholojia ya Wits mwaka [[2008]] kama mhadhiri, baadaye akapandishwa cheo kuwa mhadhiri mwandamizi.<ref name="CALS" /> Mnamo mwaka [[2019]] aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa SWOP. Chini ya uongozi wake, SWOP ilipanua tafiti kuhusu siasa za wananchi, mabadiliko ya haki ya kijamii, na mbinu mpya za utafiti zinazojumuisha kumbukumbu za harakati za kijamii.<ref name="SWOP-main">{{cite web |title=SWOP – Society, Work and Politics Institute |url=https://swop.org.za/ |website=SWOP |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |access-date=5 Desemba 2025}}</ref> Pia alihudumu katika bodi ya ushauri ya Centre for Applied Legal Studies (CALS) na kushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kimataifa wa kitaaluma na kisanii, ikiwa ni pamoja na miradi ya SOMA kuhusu kumbukumbu na fikra za kisiasa.<ref name="SOMA">{{cite web |title=SOMA Summer – Re-membering Movements |url=https://swop.org.za/soma-summer-prishani-naidoo/ |website=SWOP |publisher=University of the Witwatersrand |access-date=5 Desemba 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} 692okpxlrjg08ofiupot1t8yj6ml5aj 0 227603 1540451 1526126 2026-05-11T14:45:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tuzo na heshima */ 1540451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iruka Okeke''' ni mtaalamu wa dawa wa kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Iruka ni profesa katika Kitivo na katika Sayansi ya Dawa, na profesa msaidizi katika Chuo cha Tiba, vyote katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]], nchini Nigeria. Kazi yake ni kufanya utafiti wa bakteria wa tumbo waliotelekezwa kama vile ''[[Escherichia coli|E. coli]]'', wanayojulikana kwa uwezo wao wa kusababisha maambukizi [[Mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu|ya damu]] na kuhara. Anatetea matumizi ya mbinu za Genomics ili kuongeza ufuatiliaji na kupata uelewa bora wa vijidudu vya vimelea. Maslahi ya utafiti wa Okeke yanapanua hadi kupambana na upinzani wa vijidudu na kuchunguza pathogenesis ya bakteria, [[epidemiolojia]], na upinzani wa vijidudu wa bakteria wa tumbo . Michango ya Iruka katika uwanja huu imempatia umaarufu wa kutambuliwa kama mshiriki wa taasisi zinazoheshimika kama vile katikaChuo cha Sayansi cha Nchini Nigeria, na Chuo cha Sayansi cha barani Afrika . Okeke amepokea tuzo nyingi zikiwemo tuzo kama vile Tuzo ya Jumuiya ya Marekani ya Microbiology Moselio Schaechter ya mwaka wa 2023 katika Kutambua Mwanabiolojia wa Nchi Zinazoendelea, Tuzo ya Peter Wildy kutoka Jumuiya ya Microbiology ya Nchini Uingereza ya mwaka wa 2024, na mnamo mwaka wa 2025 alichaguliwa kuwa Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Marekani cha Microbiology . == Maisha na elimu == Okeke alizaliwa nchini [[Uingereza]] na wazazi kutoka Nigeria, na baadaye akahamia nchini Nigeria ili kuendelea na masomo yake ya sekondari. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Haverford Winter 2014|url=https://www.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/?i=200366&view=issueViewer&pp=1|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=www.mydigitalpublication.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Alisoma Shahada yake ya Kwanza ya Famasia kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo, mnamo mwaka wa 1994, akifuatiwa na Shahada yake ya pili ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika Famasia mnamo mwaka wa 1998 katika chuo kikuu hicho hicho. Baadaye alikamilisha shahada yake ya Uzamivu ya Falsafa kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo kwa kushirikiana na Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland, Nchini Marekani, mnamo mwaka wa 2000. Baadaye Okeke alisomea Shahada ya Uzamivu katika Microbiolojia na Immunology, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Iruka N. Okeke new Editor-in-Chief|url=https://aslm.org/press-release/new-editor-in-chief/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=African Society for Laboratory Medicine|date=8 April 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> akitumia mwaka mmoja katika Kituo cha Maendeleo ya Chanjo, kama Msomi wa Fulbright katika Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland. Okeke ameolewa na ana mtoto wa kike. Okeke alifanya utafiti wake wa baada ya udaktari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland, Marekani na Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala, [[Uswidi|Sweden]]. Mnamo mwaka wa 2000 alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Bradford, Nchini Uingereza, kama mshiriki wa kitivo cha ualimu.Kisha alihamia katika Chuo cha Haverford, Nchini Marekani mwaka wa 2002 kama profesa msaidizi kabla ya kuwa Profesa kamili mwaka wa 2014. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Okeke Iruka|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=www.aasciences.africa|publisher=The African Academy of Sciences|archivedate=2023-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331123022/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka}}</ref> Wakati wa kipindi chake huko Haverford alikuwa Mshirika wa Branco Weiss wa Jumuiya ya Sayansi kati ya mwaka wa 2004 na mwaka wa 2009, na Mshirika wa Taasisi ya AdvancedStudies, Berlin kuanzia mwaka wa 2010 hadi mwaka wa 2011. <ref name=":2" /> Utafiti wake umejikita katika kutumia jenetiki za bakteria ili kuelewa epidemiolojia ya molekuli, ukoloni, pathogenesis na upinzani wa viuavija sumu wa bakteria wa tumbo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iruka Okeke {{!}} STS Infrastructures|url=https://stsinfrastructures.org/content/iruka-okeke|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=stsinfrastructures.org|archivedate=2019-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203232544/https://stsinfrastructures.org/content/iruka-okeke}}</ref> Amesoma protini za uso wa ''E. coli'' na kuelezea jinsi protini hizo husaidia bakteria kutawala utumbo. Mnamo mwaka wa 2014, Okeke alihamia [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan|katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]], Nchini Nigeria, akiungwa mkono na Baraza la Utafiti wa Kimatibabu la Nhini Uingereza na katika Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kimataifa ya Nchini Uingereza kama Kiongozi wa Utafiti wa barani Afrika. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Okeke Iruka|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=www.aasciences.africa|publisher=The African Academy of Sciences|archivedate=2023-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331123022/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/okeke-iruka}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2019 alipewa ufadhili kutoka kwa mpango wa ugunduzi wa dawa wa Grand Challenge Africa ili kubaini misombo inayowezekana ya dawa dhidi ya ugonjwa wa bakteria <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.aasciences.africa/news/african-innovators-discovering-new-drugs-diseases-endemic-africa|title=African innovators discovering new drugs for diseases endemic to Africa|publisher=The African Academy of Sciences|work=www.aasciences.africa|accessdate=2019-12-03|archivedate=2019-12-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203234115/https://www.aasciences.africa/news/african-innovators-discovering-new-drugs-diseases-endemic-africa}}</ref> Pia anafanya kazi katika suluhisho za teknolojia za gharama nafuu ili kufuatilia upinzani wa viuavija sumu katika mazingira ya kipato cha chini, kwa usaidizi kutoka kwa [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation|Wakfu wa Bill & Melinda Gates]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/grant/minimal-genomics-lab-amr-surveillance-and-diagnostics-provincial-low-income-settings|title=Minimal Genomics Lab for AMR Surveillance and Diagnostics in Provincial Low-income Settings {{!}} Grand Challenges|work=gcgh.grandchallenges.org|accessdate=2019-12-03}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 2017 aliteuliwa kuwa mhariri mkuu wa ''[[African Journal of Laboratory Medicine|Jarida la Tiba la Maabara la Afrika]]'' . <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Iruka N. Okeke new Editor-in-Chief|url=http://www.aslm.org/stay-informed/press-room/press-releases/new-editor-in-chief/|accessdate=2019-12-03|work=ASLM|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-12-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222161835/http://www.aslm.org/stay-informed/press-room/press-releases/new-editor-in-chief/}}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mwanachama wa mwaka 2025 wa Chuo cha Marekani cha Mikrobiolojia <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=14 February 2025|title=65 Fellows Elected Into the American Academy of Microbiology|url=https://asm.org/Press-Releases/2025/February/65-Fellows-Elected-Into-the-American-Academy-of-Mi|accessdate=2025-03-06|work=American Society for Microbiology|language=en}}</ref> * Tuzo la Jumuiya ya Marekani ya Microbiolojia Moselio Schaechter katika Kutambua Mwanabiolojia wa Nchi Zinazoendelea, Juni 2024 <ref name="asm.org">{{Rejea tovuti|title=ASM Moselio Schaechter Award in Recognition of a Developing-Country Microbiologist|url=https://asm.org/Academy/ASM-Moselio-Schaechter-Award-in-Recognition-of-a|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=ASM.org|language=en}}</ref> * Tuzo ya Peter Wildy. Jumuiya ya Microbiolojia ya Uingereza, Aprili 2023 * Ushirika wa Uongozi wa Sayansi wa Calestous Juma, Wakfu wa Bill na Melinda Gates, 2021–2026 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Calestous Juma Science Leadership Fellowship {{!}} Science for Africa Foundation|url=https://scienceforafrica.foundation/calestous-juma-science-leadership-fellowship|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=scienceforafrica.foundation|language=en}}</ref> * Mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha Nigeria mnamo 2018 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-06-02|title=Fellows of the Academy {{!}} The Nigerian Academy of Science|url=https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=nas.org.ng|language=en-US|archive-date=2024-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302212838/https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Tuzo ya Balozi wa Famasia katika Diaspora. Kitivo cha Famasia, Chuo Kikuu cha Obafemi Awolowo, Nigeria, 2014 <ref name="Iruka N Okeke">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Iruka N Okeke|url=https://brancoweissfellowship.org/alumni/okeke/|accessdate=2024-03-11|work=The Branco Weiss Fellowship|language=en-US}}</ref> * Tuzo la Mzunguko wa Maisha wa Mwanafunzi wa Mellon 23 kwa mipango ya awali ya mtaala inayotumika kujenga misingi ya usomi wa wanafunzi, 2009 <ref name="Iruka N Okeke" /> * Ushirika wa Branco Weiss. Jumuiya ya Sayansi, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Shirikisho la Uswizi) Zürich, 2004-2009 <ref name="Iruka N Okeke" /> * Tuzo ya Tasnifu ya Vyuo Vikuu vya Nigeria. Tuzo ya Tasnifu ya Kitaifa ya PhD - Kategoria ya Sayansi, 2001 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Archived copy|url=https://www.haverford.edu/sites/default/files/Department/iokeke_resume.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311150224/https://www.haverford.edu/sites/default/files/Department/iokeke_resume.pdf|archivedate=2024-03-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Nigeria]] opxe9jcxv4ihpepu8gbits0d4vy0z2e 0 227699 1540519 1504310 2026-05-11T17:03:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rubén Baraja Vegas''' (amezaliwa [[11 Julai]], [[1975]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]], ambaye kwa sasa ni [[kocha]]. Akiwa kiungo wa kati kamili, alikuwa na uwezo mzuri wa kukaba, ustadi wa kiufundi, na sifa za kushambulia, pamoja na pasi sahihi na uwezo wa kufunga mabao.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/euro_2004/spain/players_to_watch/default.stm|title=Ruben Baraja|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=25 May 2004|access-date=22 January 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/208392.html|title=Worst players to win the Champions League|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=24 May 2013|access-date=15 January 2018|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806042347/http://en.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/208392.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 38boyw3ttgsg1wsyixgjrxxqx0kiuzg 0 228402 1540457 1531058 2026-05-11T14:49:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Israel Englander''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 30]], [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] na meneja wa hazina (hedge fund).<ref>{{cite web |title=Israel Englander |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/israel-englander/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> Mwaka [[1989]], alianzisha ''Millennium Management'', kampuni ya uwekezaji, kwa dola milioni 35.<ref>{{cite web |title=Izzy Englander's Growth Strategy for Millennium |url=https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/ |website=Institutional Investor |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> Kufikia Januari [[2026]], kampuni yake ina zaidi ya dola bilioni 83.4 za mali zinazosimamiwa. Englander alizaliwa na kukulia katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko [[Brooklyn]],[[Jiji la New York]], na alihitimu shahada ya fedha katika chuo kikuu cha New York mwaka [[1970]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Israel Englander |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/israel-englander/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-14}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wayahudi]] 2673pf4k73sro0ivfhrz9r6dx50ypma 0 228494 1540441 1523908 2026-05-11T14:34:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540441 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nonkosi Queenie Mvana''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na Mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la Afrika Kusini. Ni mwanachama wa chama cha African National Congress (ANC), na pia ni mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Maendeleo ya Jamii (Portfolio Committee on Social Development).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nonkosi Queenie Mvana|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/nonkosi-mvana/|access-date=2021-08-09|website=People's Assembly|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ms Nonkosi Queenie Mvana - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/269|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.parliament.gov.za}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] kkgiz1l5hhoqhqip02vy3yd0zhi1hqs 0 228898 1540356 1529876 2026-05-11T12:57:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Paulutomi.jpg|thumb|Paul Utomi]] '''Paul Chibuzo Utomi-Biyang''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], mkurugenzi wa filamu, mtayarishaji, [[mwandishi]], msanii wa sauti na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Nigeria]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=I Became an Actor by Accident- Paul Utomi - eelive|url=https://www.eelive.ng/i-became-an-actor-by-accident-paul-utomi/|work=www.eelive.ng|date=2020-09-09|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Paul Utomi debuts official trailer for 'Country Hard'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/paul-utomi-debuts-official-trailer-for-country-hard-2024081902555603497|work=Pulse Nigeria|date=2021-11-08|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Top 15 Nollywood Actors to Watch Out For in 2021|url=https://thenet.ng/top-15-nollywood-actors-to-watch-out-for-in-2021/,%20https://thenet.ng/top-15-nollywood-actors-to-watch-out-for-in-2021/|date=2021-01-11|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en-US|author=Mofijesusewa Samuel}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New Nollywood standing on shoulders of older colleagues – Paul Utomi|url=https://punchng.com/new-nollywood-standing-on-shoulders-of-older-colleagues-paul-utomi/|work=Punch Newspapers|date=2023-04-29|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en-US|author=Faith Ajayi}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tope Tedela, Paul Utomi, debut with What Lies Within|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/07/tope-tedela-paul-utomi-debut-lies-within/|work=Vanguard News|date=2017-07-13|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en-GB|author=Emmanuel Okogba}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Paul Chibuzo Utomi|url=https://partyjollof.com/people/paul-chibuzo-utomi|work=PartyJollof TV|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://nollywire.com/names/paul-utomi/</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Utomi alizaliwa na Bwana na Bibi Utomi-Biyang huko [[Madrid]], [[Hispania]]. Familia yake ilihamia [[Lagos]], Nigeria, alipokuwa na umri wa mwaka mmoja. Alihudhuria Shule ya Awali na msingi ya Comfort huko [[Lagos]], kisha akaendelea na masomo ya ssekondari katika shule ya sekondari ya Legacy iliyopo Akowonjo, Lagos, ambako alikamilisha elimu yake ya sekondari. Alisomea uchumi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Lagos, baada ya hapo alisomea uigizaji na uelekezaji katika Kituo cha Ubora wa Filamu na Video mwaka [[2011]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Paul Utomi - nlist {{!}} Nollywood, Nigerian Movies & Casting|url=https://nlist.ng//people/paul-utomi-1388/|work=nlist.ng|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kazi == Kabla ya kuanza kuigiza, aliandika katika chapisho la michezo lililoitwa ''The Game Magazine'' na kuwasilisha vipindi kadhaa vya ''AM Express Sports'' kwenye Mtandao wa NTA.<ref>https://www.globalexcellenceonline.com/nollywood-blockbuster-what-lies-within-to-drop-sept-8{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alijiunga na tasnia ya filamu ya Nigeria na kuanza taaluma yake ya uigizaji, akionekana kwa mara ya kwanza akiigiza kama mhusika mkuu katika tamthilia ya televisheni cha Tarima, iliyotangazwa mwaka [[2012]]. Mwaka uliofuata, aliigiza katika tamthilia ya televisheni ya Lekki Wives, ambapo alicheza nafasi ya mhusika aitwaye Jude.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5329124/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-04-17}}</ref> == Kuongoza na kutengeneza == Mnamo mwaka 2017, alishiriki katika kutengeneza filamu ya kusisimua ya tamthilia inayoitwa ''What Lies Within,'' ambayo ilishinda tuzo ya "Filamu Bora Ndefu" na "Filamu Bora kwa Ujumla" katika Tamasha la Filamu la Kimataifa la Abuja Zuma mwaka 2017,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Country Hard|url=https://filmfreeway.com/CountryHard922|work=FilmFreeway|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en}}</ref> pamoja na tuzo nne zilizoshinda katika Tuzo Bora za Nollywood mwaka huo huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title='What Lies Within' shines at BON Awards 2017|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/lies-within-shines-bon-awards-2017/|work=The Nation Newspaper|date=2018-01-19|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en-US|author=The Nation}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BON Awards: ‘What Lies Within’ takes four, emerges big winner|url=http://naijalifemagazine.com/blog/2017/12/21/bon-awards-lies-within-takes-four-emerges-big-winner/|work=Naijalife Magazine|date=2017-12-21|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en-US|author=Amaka Chimezie}}</ref> Filamu ya tatu ya Utomi kama mkurugenzi ni filamu ya fantasia ya vitendo iitwayo ''The Reckon''er, iliyotolewa mwaka [[2021]], ambapo Baaj Adebule anacheza nafasi kuu.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Reckoner (2021) - Paul Utomi {{!}} Synopsis, Movie Info, Moods, Themes and Related {{!}} AllMovie|url=https://www.allmovie.com/movie/the-reckoner-am283170|language=en|access-date=2026-04-17}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] tboekyepwaj4u0tzd6f2kcldsauwiit 0 229474 1540447 1525848 2026-05-11T14:43:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''I Ketut Soki''' ([[1946]]–[[2022]]) alikuwa msanii aliyefanikiwa kutoka [[Bali]]. Alipokuwa mvulana Soki alikuwa mmoja wa watoto wawili wa kwanza kupata mafunzo ya sanaa kutoka kwa msanii maarufu Arie Smit, na hivyo akawa mmoja wa waasisi wa vuguvugu la "Wasanii Vijana".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Muhayat |first=Imam |date=2022-08-23 |title=I Ketut Soki, Young Artist Painting Maestro Passes Away |url=https://www.kompasiana.com/imammuhayat/63047faf5c392b149f418672/i-ketut-soki-maestro-pelukis-young-artist-berpulang |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=Kompasiana}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title=Young Artist Painter |url=http://www.bali-travelnews.com/Batrav/Batrav164/art.htm |publisher=www.bali-travelnews.com |accessdate=2008-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421033453/http://www.bali-travelnews.com/Batrav/Batrav164/art.htm |archivedate=2008-04-21 |url-status=dead }} </ref><ref>{{cite web | last=O'Neill | first=Nick | title=Important people in Bali: Arie Smit | work=Bali Blog | url=http://www.baliblog.com/history/important-people-in-bali-arie-smit.html | accessdate=2008-05-04 | archive-date=2007-10-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006181052/http://www.baliblog.com/history/important-people-in-bali-arie-smit.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1946]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2022]] [[jamii:wasanii wa Indonesia]] 70esa1ihwode36867626gppx2re7w77 0 229545 1540450 1531040 2026-05-11T14:45:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idia''' alikuwa mama yake Esigie, ambaye alitawala kama Oba (mfalme) wa [[Waedo]] kuanzia 1504 hadi 1550. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Queen Idia, Role Model, Warrior, Prominent Nigerian, Nigeria Personality Profiles|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/Personality-Profiles/Prominent-Nigerians/Queen-Idia.html|accessdate=2022-08-27|work=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Benin, A Kingdom in Bronze: The Royal Court Art|last=Mbow|first=Babacar|last2=Ẹbọhọn|first2=Ọsẹmwegie|date=2005|publisher=African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library|isbn=0-9772041-0-3|location=Ft. Lauderdale, FL.|oclc=62534476}}</ref> == Maisha == Wanahistoria hawana uhakika kuhusu kipindi chake cha maisha; wanajua kwamba Idia alikuwa hai wakati wa vita vya Idah (1515 - 1516) kwa sababu alicheza jukumu lililosababisha ushindi mkubwa [[Mji wa Benin|wa Benin]] . <ref name=":32">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Benin, A Kingdom in Bronze: The Royal Court Art|last=Mbow|first=Babacar|last2=Ẹbọhọn|first2=Ọsẹmwegie|date=2005|publisher=African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library|isbn=0-9772041-0-3|location=Ft. Lauderdale, FL.|oclc=62534476}}</ref> Imesemekana kwamba Idia, kwa hivyo, alikuwa nguvu ya kweli nyuma ya kiti cha enzi cha mwanawe. <ref name=":33">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Benin, A Kingdom in Bronze: The Royal Court Art|last=Mbow|first=Babacar|last2=Ẹbọhọn|first2=Ọsẹmwegie|date=2005|publisher=African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library|isbn=0-9772041-0-3|location=Ft. Lauderdale, FL.|oclc=62534476}}</ref> Alicheza jukumu muhimu katika kuinuka na kutawala kwa mfalme, akielezewa kama shujaa mkubwa aliyepigana bila kuchoka kabla na wakati wa utawala wa mwanawe kama Oba ( [[mfalme]] ) wa [[Waedo|watu wa Edo]] . <ref>''Historical Dictionary of Nigeria'' by Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, p.160</ref> Malkia Idia alikuwa muhimu katika kupata jina la Oba kwa mwanawe Esigie kufuatia kifo cha baba yake Oba Ozolua . Kwa lengo hilo, aliunda jeshi kupigana na kaka yake Arhuaran, ambaye alitakiwa kuwa Oba kwa haki na mila lakini baadaye alishindwa vitani. Mama yake Esigie akawa Iyoba wa 1 wa Benin . <ref>Egharevba (1968), p. 26</ref> <ref>West African Journal of Archaeology, Editorial Board WAJA, p. 144</ref> Idia aliingia kwanza katika familia ya kifalme kwa sababu Ozolua, M-Oba kuanzia 1483 hadi 1514, alimwona akicheza, na baada ya ngoma walitaka kumfanya awe mke wake. <ref name=":34">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Benin, A Kingdom in Bronze: The Royal Court Art|last=Mbow|first=Babacar|last2=Ẹbọhọn|first2=Ọsẹmwegie|date=2005|publisher=African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library|isbn=0-9772041-0-3|location=Ft. Lauderdale, FL.|oclc=62534476}}</ref> Idia na M-Oba walifunga ndoa muda fulani kabla ya 1504, lakini wanahistoria hawana uhakika kuhusu tarehe halisi. <ref name=":34" /> Matokeo yake, wazazi wa Idia walimsaidia kumwandaa kwa maisha yake ya baadaye katika [[Kasri|jumba la kifalme]] kwa kumpa mimea fulani ya kimatibabu . <ref name=":34" /> Alijulikana kuwa mwerevu sana kwa sababu aliweza kutwaa [[kiti cha enzi]] kwa ajili ya mwanawe, na pia aliweza kumlinda Esigie kutoka kwa maadui zake kama vile Arhuahan ( [[Kaka|kaka wa kambo]] wa Esigie). <ref name=":34" /> Wazo lingine la kuvutia ambalo Idia alijulikana nalo lilikuwa " [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womb_of_orhue?action=edit&redlink=1 tumbo lake la orhue] " - msemo uliomaanisha kwamba tumbo lake lilipinga uwezekano. <ref name=":35">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Benin, A Kingdom in Bronze: The Royal Court Art|last=Mbow|first=Babacar|last2=Ẹbọhọn|first2=Ọsẹmwegie|date=2005|publisher=African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library|isbn=0-9772041-0-3|location=Ft. Lauderdale, FL.|oclc=62534476}}</ref> Uwezekano huu ulikuwa kwamba mwanawe, Esigie, hakuwa wa kwanza kwenye mstari wa kiti cha enzi, badala yake Esigie alikuwa wa tatu kwenye mstari wa kiti cha enzi. <ref name=":35" /> Mwishowe, na dhidi ya uwezekano huo, Esigie akawa Oba. <ref name=":35" /> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogidogbo?action=edit&redlink=1 Ogidogbo], wa kwanza kwenye mstari wa kiti cha enzi kama Oba, alikua mgombea haramu wa kiti cha enzi kwa sababu alikuwa mlemavu kutokana na kucheza na kaka zake, Aruahan na Esigie. <ref name=":35" /> Watu wa Benin walidhani kwamba Idia alikuwa amepanga hili kwani waliamini Idia ana nguvu za kichawi . <ref name=":35" /> Hii pia inaonyesha jinsi watu wa Benin walivyofikiri kwamba angeweza kukwepa na kusababisha uharibifu. <ref name=":35" /> Hii ilisababisha Aruahan kuwa wa pili kwenye mstari wa kiti cha enzi, lakini alimwona Esigie kama tishio. <ref name=":35" /> Kwa hivyo, Esigie alitaka kumuua kaka yake wa kambo. <ref name=":35" /> Ingawa, sababu pekee ambayo Aruanran hakumuua kaka yake ni kwa sababu aliamini kwamba mama yake Esigie, Idia, alikuwa na ujuzi wa uchawi, ilhali Aruahan hakuwa nao. <ref name=":35" /> Kumekuwa na uwakilishi mwingi wa Malkia Idia kwa sababu aliwakilisha sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa kifalme wa Benin. <ref name=":36">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Benin, A Kingdom in Bronze: The Royal Court Art|last=Mbow|first=Babacar|last2=Ẹbọhọn|first2=Ọsẹmwegie|date=2005|publisher=African American Research Library and Cultural Center, Broward County Library|isbn=0-9772041-0-3|location=Ft. Lauderdale, FL.|oclc=62534476}}</ref> Pia, Idia alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa kwa sababu ya azimio lake. <ref name=":36" /> Kwa ujumla, alielezewa kama mwanamke mwenye nia thabiti, mrembo, mwerevu, na mwenye busara. <ref name=":36" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] 2tbx4oywu6y4h84kgx9pgsj845uno99 0 229570 1540463 1531059 2026-05-11T14:52:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivy Kombo''' (amezaliwa Harare, Zimbabwe, 16 Aprili 1975) ni mwanamuziki wa muziki wa injili na mwanasheria kutoka [[Zimbabwe]] anayeishi nchini Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://enthusemag.com/news/ivy-kombo-breaks-silence-i-am-answerable-only-to-god/|title=Ivy](http://enthusemag.com/news/ivy-kombo-breaks-silence-i-am-answerable-only-to-god/|title=Ivy) Kombo Breaks Silence: I Am Answerable Only To God • #enthuse|date=1 April 2019|first=ImChris|last=Charamba}}</ref> Pia ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa tamasha la injili la ''Nguva Yakwana Gospel Show''. == Maisha ya awali == Kombo alikulia katika kitongoji cha Glen View 4. Alipata elimu yake ya sekondari katika Shule ya St John's Chikwaka. Mwaka 2006 alihamia nchini Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://nehandaradio.com/2019/04/01/ivy-kombo-on-why-she-left-for-the-uk/|title=Ivy](https://nehandaradio.com/2019/04/01/ivy-kombo-on-why-she-left-for-the-uk/|title=Ivy) Kombo on why she left for the UK|date=April 1, 2019}}</ref> Alisomea shahada ya sheria (LLB) na uzamili wa sheria ya biashara ya kimataifa (LLM International Commercial Law) katika University of Bedfordshire, pamoja na shahada ya uzamili ya usimamizi wa miradi (MSc Project Management) katika University of Northampton.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-entertainment-sc-celebrity-byo-58309.html|title=Ivy](https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-entertainment-sc-celebrity-byo-58309.html|title=Ivy) Kombo-Kasi graduates with a Master's degree in International Commercial Law|website=Bulawayo24 News|accessdate=July 6, 2023}}</ref> == Kazi == Ivy Kombo alianza kuimba akiwa na umri wa miaka 10 akiwa shule ya msingi, na aliandika wimbo wake wa kwanza "Be Thou My Vision" alipokuwa akisoma St John's Chikwaka High School. Wimbo huo uliingizwa katika albamu maarufu ''Mufudzi Wangu'' iliyotolewa mwaka 1994 kama albamu ya kwanza ya kundi la muziki wa injili Ezekiel Guti Evangelical Association (EGEA) Gospel Train. Kundi hilo lilijumuisha Ivy Kombo, pacha wake Anne Kombo na Carol Chivengwa Mujokoro. Kazi yake ya kitaaluma ilianza mwaka 1992 alipoungana na Ezekiel Guti Evangelical Association Gospel Train (EGEA), maarufu kama Gospel Train, lililoanzishwa na Ezekiel Guti na kuongozwa na Admire Kasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-an-inspiration-or-not/|title=Ivy](https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-an-inspiration-or-not/|title=Ivy) Kombo – An inspiration or not?|first=Fred|last=Zindi|website=The Herald}}</ref> Baadaye Kombo alishiriki kurekodi albamu yake ya kwanza na kundi hilo mwaka 1993 iliyoitwa ''Mufudzi Wangu''. Kundi la EGEA Gospel Train lilitoa albamu nne zilizofanikiwa kati ya mwaka 1992 na 1996: ''Mufudzi Wangu'', ''Ndinokudai Jesu'', ''Vimba naJehovah'' na ''Kutenda''. Karibu mwaka 1996, Kombo na Carol Mujokoro waliondoka kundini ili kuanza kazi za solo. Kati ya mwaka 1993 na 2003, Ivy Kombo alitoa nyimbo kila mwaka.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-158898.html|title=Ivy](https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-158898.html|title=Ivy) Kombo back in Zimbabwe|website=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.hmetro.co.zw/ivy-kombo-speaks-love-unity-annoiting/|title=Ivy](https://www.hmetro.co.zw/ivy-kombo-speaks-love-unity-annoiting/|title=Ivy) Kombo speaks love, unity, annoiting|website=H-Metro}}</ref> Akiwa msanii wa kujitegemea, Kombo alitoa nyimbo kadhaa zilizopata umaarufu redioni zikiwemo ''Nguva Yakwana'', ''Handidzokere Shure'', ''Mwari Ndimweya'' na ''Wawana Jesu''. Mwaka 2000, Kombo alikua mkurugenzi wa Gospel Train Records na mwanzilishi mwenza wa matamasha ya injili ya ''Nguva Yakwana Celebrations'' mwaka 2002, yaliyowashirikisha wasanii wa Afrika Kusini kama Thembinkosi, [[Lundi Tyamara]] na Buhle.<ref>{{cite news |author=Guthrie Munyuki |title=Zimbabwe: SA Gospel Greats for Music Extravaganza |url=[https://allafrica.com/stories/200210290487.html](https://allafrica.com/stories/200210290487.html) |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=allAfrica |agency=The Daily News |date=29 October 2002}}</ref> Mwaka 2001, Ivy Kombo alikuwa sehemu ya mpango wa muziki wa Vision 2020 wa Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation pamoja na [[Chiwoniso Maraire]] na Busi Ncube. Mwaka 2002, alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kundi la Ruvhuvhuto Sisters<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.herald.co.zw/ruvhuvhuto-sisters-reunion-looks-slim/|title='Ruvhuvhuto](https://www.herald.co.zw/ruvhuvhuto-sisters-reunion-looks-slim/|title='Ruvhuvhuto) Sisters reunion looks slim'|first=The|last=Herald|website=The Herald}}</ref> lililojumuisha pia Plaxedes Wenyika, Fortunate Matenga na marehemu Jackie Madondo.<ref>{{cite web| url = [https://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|](https://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|) url-status = dead| archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20080104044929/http://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|](https://web.archive.org/web/20080104044929/http://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|) archive-date = 2008-01-04| title = allAfrica.com: Zimbabwe: Ruvhuvhuto Sisters' Success Story Short (Page 1 of 1)}}</ref> Mradi wao wa kwanza ulikuwa jingle ya shindano la urembo la Miss Malaika mwaka 2003. == Diskografia == '''Albamu''' Kama sehemu ya EGEA Gospel Train: * ''Mufudzi Wangu'' (1993/1994) * ''Ndinokudai Jesu'' (1994) * ''Vimba naJehovah'' (1995) * ''Kutenda'' (1996) Kama msanii binafsi: * ''Ndaidziwanepi Nyasha'' (1997) * ''Hosanna Wekudenga'' (1998) * ''Denga Rinotaura'' (2000) * ''Nyengetera'' (2000) * ''Mufudzi Wangu Special (2nd Edition)'' (2001) * ''Nguva Yakwana'' (2002)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://zimbamusic.co.zw/ivy-kombo-handidzokere-shure/|title=Ivy](https://zimbamusic.co.zw/ivy-kombo-handidzokere-shure/|title=Ivy) Kombo - Handidzokere Shure|date=January 29, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''Handidzokere Shure Part 1'' (2003) * ''Handidzokere Shure Part 2'' (2003) * ''Two Minutes'' (2008) * ''Like Mt Zion'' (2019)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-returns-with-like-mt-zion/|title=Ivy](https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-returns-with-like-mt-zion/|title=Ivy) Kombo returns with 'Like Mt Zion'|first=The|last=Herald|website=The Herald}}</ref> * ''The Tribute'' (2021) '''Single''' * ''Ndiyaniko'' (2019) * ''Takazvipihwa'' (2022) == Tuzo == * Msanii Bora wa Injili – Tinotenda Siyabonga Annual Music Awards 2000 * Msanii wa Injili Aliyeuza Zaidi – National Arts Merit Awards 2003 * Msanii Bora wa Kike wa Injili – National Arts Merit Awards 2003<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.pindula.co.zw/NAMA_Awards_2003|title=NAMA](https://www.pindula.co.zw/NAMA_Awards_2003|title=NAMA) Awards 2003|date=February 25, 2018|website=Pindula}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Ivy Kombo ameolewa na Admire Kasi, mwanzilishi wa UpperView International Ministries. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] 0g1o3ro950prrwxup7vzofeahwpum46 1540464 1540463 2026-05-11T14:53:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Diskografia */ 1540464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivy Kombo''' (amezaliwa Harare, Zimbabwe, 16 Aprili 1975) ni mwanamuziki wa muziki wa injili na mwanasheria kutoka [[Zimbabwe]] anayeishi nchini Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://enthusemag.com/news/ivy-kombo-breaks-silence-i-am-answerable-only-to-god/|title=Ivy](http://enthusemag.com/news/ivy-kombo-breaks-silence-i-am-answerable-only-to-god/|title=Ivy) Kombo Breaks Silence: I Am Answerable Only To God • #enthuse|date=1 April 2019|first=ImChris|last=Charamba}}</ref> Pia ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa tamasha la injili la ''Nguva Yakwana Gospel Show''. == Maisha ya awali == Kombo alikulia katika kitongoji cha Glen View 4. Alipata elimu yake ya sekondari katika Shule ya St John's Chikwaka. Mwaka 2006 alihamia nchini Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://nehandaradio.com/2019/04/01/ivy-kombo-on-why-she-left-for-the-uk/|title=Ivy](https://nehandaradio.com/2019/04/01/ivy-kombo-on-why-she-left-for-the-uk/|title=Ivy) Kombo on why she left for the UK|date=April 1, 2019}}</ref> Alisomea shahada ya sheria (LLB) na uzamili wa sheria ya biashara ya kimataifa (LLM International Commercial Law) katika University of Bedfordshire, pamoja na shahada ya uzamili ya usimamizi wa miradi (MSc Project Management) katika University of Northampton.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-entertainment-sc-celebrity-byo-58309.html|title=Ivy](https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-entertainment-sc-celebrity-byo-58309.html|title=Ivy) Kombo-Kasi graduates with a Master's degree in International Commercial Law|website=Bulawayo24 News|accessdate=July 6, 2023}}</ref> == Kazi == Ivy Kombo alianza kuimba akiwa na umri wa miaka 10 akiwa shule ya msingi, na aliandika wimbo wake wa kwanza "Be Thou My Vision" alipokuwa akisoma St John's Chikwaka High School. Wimbo huo uliingizwa katika albamu maarufu ''Mufudzi Wangu'' iliyotolewa mwaka 1994 kama albamu ya kwanza ya kundi la muziki wa injili Ezekiel Guti Evangelical Association (EGEA) Gospel Train. Kundi hilo lilijumuisha Ivy Kombo, pacha wake Anne Kombo na Carol Chivengwa Mujokoro. Kazi yake ya kitaaluma ilianza mwaka 1992 alipoungana na Ezekiel Guti Evangelical Association Gospel Train (EGEA), maarufu kama Gospel Train, lililoanzishwa na Ezekiel Guti na kuongozwa na Admire Kasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-an-inspiration-or-not/|title=Ivy](https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-an-inspiration-or-not/|title=Ivy) Kombo – An inspiration or not?|first=Fred|last=Zindi|website=The Herald}}</ref> Baadaye Kombo alishiriki kurekodi albamu yake ya kwanza na kundi hilo mwaka 1993 iliyoitwa ''Mufudzi Wangu''. Kundi la EGEA Gospel Train lilitoa albamu nne zilizofanikiwa kati ya mwaka 1992 na 1996: ''Mufudzi Wangu'', ''Ndinokudai Jesu'', ''Vimba naJehovah'' na ''Kutenda''. Karibu mwaka 1996, Kombo na Carol Mujokoro waliondoka kundini ili kuanza kazi za solo. Kati ya mwaka 1993 na 2003, Ivy Kombo alitoa nyimbo kila mwaka.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-158898.html|title=Ivy](https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-158898.html|title=Ivy) Kombo back in Zimbabwe|website=Bulawayo24 News}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.hmetro.co.zw/ivy-kombo-speaks-love-unity-annoiting/|title=Ivy](https://www.hmetro.co.zw/ivy-kombo-speaks-love-unity-annoiting/|title=Ivy) Kombo speaks love, unity, annoiting|website=H-Metro}}</ref> Akiwa msanii wa kujitegemea, Kombo alitoa nyimbo kadhaa zilizopata umaarufu redioni zikiwemo ''Nguva Yakwana'', ''Handidzokere Shure'', ''Mwari Ndimweya'' na ''Wawana Jesu''. Mwaka 2000, Kombo alikua mkurugenzi wa Gospel Train Records na mwanzilishi mwenza wa matamasha ya injili ya ''Nguva Yakwana Celebrations'' mwaka 2002, yaliyowashirikisha wasanii wa Afrika Kusini kama Thembinkosi, [[Lundi Tyamara]] na Buhle.<ref>{{cite news |author=Guthrie Munyuki |title=Zimbabwe: SA Gospel Greats for Music Extravaganza |url=[https://allafrica.com/stories/200210290487.html](https://allafrica.com/stories/200210290487.html) |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=allAfrica |agency=The Daily News |date=29 October 2002}}</ref> Mwaka 2001, Ivy Kombo alikuwa sehemu ya mpango wa muziki wa Vision 2020 wa Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation pamoja na [[Chiwoniso Maraire]] na Busi Ncube. Mwaka 2002, alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kundi la Ruvhuvhuto Sisters<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.herald.co.zw/ruvhuvhuto-sisters-reunion-looks-slim/|title='Ruvhuvhuto](https://www.herald.co.zw/ruvhuvhuto-sisters-reunion-looks-slim/|title='Ruvhuvhuto) Sisters reunion looks slim'|first=The|last=Herald|website=The Herald}}</ref> lililojumuisha pia Plaxedes Wenyika, Fortunate Matenga na marehemu Jackie Madondo.<ref>{{cite web| url = [https://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|](https://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|) url-status = dead| archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20080104044929/http://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|](https://web.archive.org/web/20080104044929/http://allafrica.com/stories/200801030106.html|) archive-date = 2008-01-04| title = allAfrica.com: Zimbabwe: Ruvhuvhuto Sisters' Success Story Short (Page 1 of 1)}}</ref> Mradi wao wa kwanza ulikuwa jingle ya shindano la urembo la Miss Malaika mwaka 2003. == Diskografia == '''Albamu''' Kama sehemu ya EGEA Gospel Train: * ''Mufudzi Wangu'' (1993/1994) * ''Ndinokudai Jesu'' (1994) * ''Vimba naJehovah'' (1995) * ''Kutenda'' (1996) Kama msanii binafsi: * ''Ndaidziwanepi Nyasha'' (1997) * ''Hosanna Wekudenga'' (1998) * ''Denga Rinotaura'' (2000) * ''Nyengetera'' (2000) * ''Mufudzi Wangu Special (2nd Edition)'' (2001) * ''Nguva Yakwana'' (2002) * ''Handidzokere Shure Part 1'' (2003) * ''Handidzokere Shure Part 2'' (2003) * ''Two Minutes'' (2008) * ''Like Mt Zion'' (2019)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-returns-with-like-mt-zion/|title=Ivy](https://www.herald.co.zw/ivy-kombo-returns-with-like-mt-zion/|title=Ivy) Kombo returns with 'Like Mt Zion'|first=The|last=Herald|website=The Herald}}</ref> * ''The Tribute'' (2021) '''Single''' * ''Ndiyaniko'' (2019) * ''Takazvipihwa'' (2022) == Tuzo == * Msanii Bora wa Injili – Tinotenda Siyabonga Annual Music Awards 2000 * Msanii wa Injili Aliyeuza Zaidi – National Arts Merit Awards 2003 * Msanii Bora wa Kike wa Injili – National Arts Merit Awards 2003<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.pindula.co.zw/NAMA_Awards_2003|title=NAMA](https://www.pindula.co.zw/NAMA_Awards_2003|title=NAMA) Awards 2003|date=February 25, 2018|website=Pindula}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Ivy Kombo ameolewa na Admire Kasi, mwanzilishi wa UpperView International Ministries. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Zimbabwe]] 6wcwnbaiya95b4q2dzqytyb9z9w4nfy 0 229595 1540674 1526135 2026-05-11T23:48:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stacy Amoateng''' (jina la kuzaliwa: Anastasia Manuela Amoateng) ni mtangazaji na mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni, mshauri wa vyombo vya habari, mwanaharakati wa kijamii na mwigizaji kutoka [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stacy-Amoateng-raps-her-husband-s-song-from-A-Z-in-latest-video-621781|title=Stacy](https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Stacy-Amoateng-raps-her-husband-s-song-from-A-Z-in-latest-video-621781|title=Stacy) Amoateng raps her husband's song from A-Z in latest video|website=[www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-10](http://www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-10)}}</ref> Ameanzisha shirika la hisani linalosaidia wanawake na watoto wenye uhitaji, na ametambuliwa kwa kazi yake kupitia tuzo ya Ghana Peace Award.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://kasapafmonline.com/2017/10/21/ghana-peace-awards-to-honour-stacy-amoateng/|title=Ghana](http://kasapafmonline.com/2017/10/21/ghana-peace-awards-to-honour-stacy-amoateng/|title=Ghana) Peace Awards to honour Stacy Amoateng – Kasapa102.5FM|website=kasapafmonline.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kazi == Amoateng alianza kazi yake ya televisheni mwaka 2000 kwa kuigiza katika tamthilia ya televisheni ''Taxi Driver''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-am-blessed-Stacy-Amoateng-on-RTP-win-690938|title=I](https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/I-am-blessed-Stacy-Amoateng-on-RTP-win-690938|title=I) am blessed – Stacy Amoateng on RTP win|website=[www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-01](http://www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-01)}}</ref> Mwaka 2002, aliendesha kipindi cha mazungumzo ''Talk Ghana'' kwenye Tv3. Pia aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji mwenza wa kipindi ''Music Music'' kinachorushwa na TV3 Ghana mwaka 2002 pamoja na Bola Ray, na alijiuzulu mwaka 2012. Ameigiza pia katika filamu kama ''I Sing of a Well'', ''Incomplete'', ''Consequences'', na ''Cross My Heart''. Aidha, aliwahi kuendesha vipindi ''In Touch Africa'' na ''In Vogue''. Amoateng ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji (CEO) wa Platinum Networks, kampuni inayozalisha kipindi cha televisheni ''Restoration'' ambacho yeye mwenyewe hukiongoza. Pia ni mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Emklan Media, kampuni ya usimamizi wa maudhui na uzalishaji wa vyombo vya habari.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa tuzo za Showbiz Honours, zinazotambua watu mashuhuri wanaochangia jamii, pamoja na taasisi ya ''The Restoration With Stacy Foundation'', inayolenga kuwawezesha wanawake na wasichana kupitia kampeni ya ''The Luv Project''.<ref name=":1" /> Mradi huo hutoa msaada kwa wanawake na wasichana wanaokumbwa na aina mbalimbali za unyanyasaji. Amechangisha fedha kusaidia upasuaji wa plastiki kwa mwanamke aliyemwagiwa tindikali na mwenzi wake, kusaidia watoto wenye uhitaji kupata elimu, kutoa makazi kwa akina mama wasio na waume, na kutoa ushauri kwa wasichana kuhusu kujijengea uwezo na kutimiza ndoto zao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://ghanawebonline.com/tag/stacy-amoateng/|title=Stacy](https://ghanawebonline.com/tag/stacy-amoateng/|title=Stacy) Amoateng – The New Ghana Web|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-01}}</ref> === Tuzo na heshima === * Tuzo ya Kibinadamu (Humanitarian Award), 2019 – World Philanthropist Forum * Kipindi Bora cha Televisheni cha Mwaka, 2019 – African Gospel Awards * Mtu wa Mwaka, 2018 – RTP Awards * Mtangazaji Bora wa Kike, 2018 – RTP Awards * Kipindi Bora cha Televisheni (''Restoration with Stacy''), 2018 – RTP Awards * Mtangazaji Bora wa Televisheni, 2018 – Shine Awards * Tuzo ya Dhahabu ya Ubora wa Vyombo vya Habari, 2018 – Foklex Media Awards * Tuzo ya Huduma za Kibinadamu, 2017 – Ghana Peace Awards<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.ghanamma.com/2017/10/31/stacy-amoateng-sweeps-two-big-awards-on-saturday-at-ghana-peace-awardsrtp-awards/|title=Stacy](https://www.ghanamma.com/2017/10/31/stacy-amoateng-sweeps-two-big-awards-on-saturday-at-ghana-peace-awardsrtp-awards/|title=Stacy) Amoateng sweeps two big awards on Saturday at Ghana Peace Awards, RTP Awards|website=[www.ghanamma.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10](http://www.ghanamma.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-10)}}</ref> * Mtangazaji Bora wa Kipindi cha Maendeleo, 2017 – RTP Awards<ref name=":2" /> * Mwanamke Bora (Ultimate Woman), 2016 kwa mchango wake katika vyombo vya habari na shughuli za kibinadamu * Mtangazaji wa Kike Anayevutia Zaidi, 2016 na 2015 – RTP Awards * Shahada ya Heshima katika Mahusiano ya Vyombo vya Habari, 2015 – Achievers University College, Hispania * Heshima ya kifalme kutoka [[Sunyani]] kwa ubora katika vyombo vya habari * Mtu Bora wa RTP, 2019–2020 – RTP Awards <ref name=":3">{{Rejea habari|title=Full list of 2020 RTP Award winners|url=[https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/full-list-of-2020-rtp-award-winners.html|location=Accra](https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/full-list-of-2020-rtp-award-winners.html|location=Accra), Ghana|access-date=2020-11-26|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|language=en-gb}}</ref> * Mtangazaji Bora wa Kipindi cha Maendeleo cha Televisheni, 2019–2020 – RTP Awards<ref name=":3" /> == Maisha binafsi == Tarehe 28 Mei 2005, Stacy aliolewa na mtangazaji na mwanamuziki Daniel Kofi Amoateng (anayejulikana pia kama Quophi Okyeame). Wana watoto watatu: wasichana wawili, Calista Meusique Amoateng na Beyonce Afia Dankwah Amoateng, na mvulana mmoja, Josiah Ian Kobby Amoateng.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea habari|title=It's Restoration with Stacy|url=[http://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/events/it-s-restoration-with-stacy.html|location=Accra](http://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/events/it-s-restoration-with-stacy.html|location=Accra), Ghana|newspaper=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Daily Graphic]]|accessdate=30 July 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Amoateng, Stacy}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ghana]] 3s19z64cm9vee6vd35ztp7w67di09zs 0 230067 1540398 1539144 2026-05-11T13:54:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Paul Lefkofsky''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 2]], [[1969]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://umain30.com/2013/08/26/wild-crazy-self-made-billionaires-infographic-entrepreneurs/ |title= Wild and Crazy Self Made Billionaires with Infographic of Entrepreneurs |website= umain30.com |date= August 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827133218/http://umain30.com/2013/08/26/wild-crazy-self-made-billionaires-infographic-entrepreneurs/ |archive-date= August 27, 2013}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Tempus AI'', na mwanzilishi mwenza wa ''Groupon'', ''Echo Global Logistics (ECHO)'', ''InnerWorkings (INWK)'', na ''Mediaocean''. Kufikia Juni [[2024]], alikuwa ni meneja mwenza mkuu wa kampuni ya uwekezaji ya [[Chicago]] ''Lightbank''. Kufikia Septemba [[2025]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.<ref name=JournalStar>{{cite web|url=https://www.pjstar.com/story/business/finance/2025/09/10/forbes-400-who-are-the-richest-people-in-illinois-who-are-richest-americans-net-worth/86055674007/ | work=JournalStar | title=Forbes 400 ranks richest people in America. See which Illinois billionaires made the list | date=10 September 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 74fu2toc0z4qwg5iv1crzx91p5k129b 0 230734 1540397 1539379 2026-05-11T13:54:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elodie Lauten''' (20 Oktoba 1950 – 3 Juni 2014) alikuwa mtunzi wa muziki wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]], ambaye ameelezwa kama mtunzi wa mtindo wa *postminimalist* au pia kama mtunzi wa muziki wa *microtonal*. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa kwa jina la '''Genevieve Schecroun''', na alipata elimu yake mjini Paris katika Lycée Claude Monet, Konsevatoria (masomo ya piano) pamoja na Institut d’Etudes Politiques.<ref name="nytimes">[[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/arts/music/elodie-lauten-who-wove-opera-from-allen-ginsbergs-poetry-dies-at-63.html?_r=0](https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/11/arts/music/elodie-lauten-who-wove-opera-from-allen-ginsbergs-poetry-dies-at-63.html?_r=0) Obituary], nytimes.com; accessed March 4, 2015.</ref> Baba yake alikuwa Errol Parker (aliyezaliwa kama Raphaël Schecroun), mwanamuziki wa jazz aliyezaliwa nchini [[Algeria]]; mama yake alikuwa mpiga piano wa muziki wa jadi (classical).<ref>Leonard Feather, Ira Gitler, ''The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz'', uk. 514, 2007.</ref><ref>''The New York Times Biographical Service'', Vol. 29, uk. 1036, 1998.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1950|2014}} [Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Ufaransa]] hck5lduoguxemgc09ublrxbcypr0l1j 0 230761 1540384 1539341 2026-05-11T13:43:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Colette Mourey''' (amezaliwa [[Kenitra]], [[Moroko]], 1954) ni mpiga gitaa la klasiki, mwalimu wa muziki, mtaalamu wa muziki (*musicologist*) na mtunzi wa muziki wa [[Ufaransa]]. == Wasifu == Mourey alisoma taaluma ya muziki katika Sorbonne chini ya Edith Weber<ref>[[http://data.bnf.fr/11928959/edith_weber/](http://data.bnf.fr/11928959/edith_weber/) Édith Weber]</ref> na alifaulu mtihani wa kitaifa wa juu unaojulikana kama *agrégation*. Awali alikuwa mpiga gitaa la klasiki na mwanafunzi wa mpiga gitaa kutoka Uruguay, Oscar Cacères,<ref>[[http://data.bnf.fr/13926811/oscar_caceres/](http://data.bnf.fr/13926811/oscar_caceres/) Oscar Cacères] kwenye [[data.bnf.fr]]</ref> na pia ni mpiga piano. Kama mwalimu, anafundisha uandishi wa muziki, estetiki na mbinu za ufundishaji wa muziki katika Université de Franche-Comté na katika École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation. Pia anahusika na chama cha “Passeurs d'Art” katika kuanzisha orkesta za watoto zisizolipiwa. Katika utafiti wake, alianza na kazi kuhusu muziki usio na tonali (*atonal music*) wa mwalimu wake Julien Falk<ref>[[http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/DB=2.1/SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=171671414](http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/DB=2.1/SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=171671414) sudoc.abes.fr, ''Du contrepoint au contrepoint atonal : en hommage à Julien Falk'']</ref> na baadaye akaendeleza mfumo mpya wa muziki unaoitwa “hypertonality”. Mfumo huu unategemea skeli za mviringo (*spiral scales*) zenye masafa makubwa zaidi ya oktava, na hubadilisha kwa kiasi kikubwa mbinu za kontrapointi ya muziki usio na tonali. Hali hii huruhusu kurejeshwa kwa “upatano wa asili” (*natural consonances*) ndani ya lugha ya kisasa ya muziki, jambo linalosaidia kuufanya muziki wa kisasa kuwa karibu zaidi na hadhira ya jumla.<ref>[[http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=177606126](http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=177606126) sudoc.abes.fr]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} {{BD|1954|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ufaransa]] 8rae6w77f3v6u6s6gm1zcdxdfyfut73 0 230764 1540383 1539331 2026-05-11T13:41:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Ott''' (amezaliwa 10 Agosti 1963) ni mpiga piano, mwimbaji, mpiga ala ya ondes Martenot (*ondist*), na mtunzi wa muziki wa [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa bendi ya Yann Tiersen kwa kipindi cha miaka minane na alipiga muziki katika orkesta za klasiki kwa miaka kumi. Pia ameshirikiana na wanamuziki na makundi mbalimbali wakiwemo Tindersticks, Syd Matters na Jean-Philippe Goude.<ref>[[http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/paris/films/593/city_of_light_making_the_ondes_martenot_speak](http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/paris/films/593/city_of_light_making_the_ondes_martenot_speak), "Making the Ondes Martnot Speak"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200205124340/http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/paris/films/593/city_of_light_making_the_ondes_martenot_speak](https://web.archive.org/web/20200205124340/http://www.philharmonia.co.uk/paris/films/593/city_of_light_making_the_ondes_martenot_speak) |date=5 February 2020 }}, kwenye tovuti ya London Philharmonia</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ufaransa]] qsx4ffr6y04j8huzmb7p77wyg47thw4 0 230807 1540387 1539344 2026-05-11T13:46:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danaë Xanthe Vlasse''' (pia anajulikana kama '''Danaë Vlasse''') ni mpiga piano, mtunzi wa muziki, msanii wa maonyesho, mtayarishaji wa muziki, na mwalimu wa muziki mwenye asili ya Ufaransa na Marekani. Alishinda [[Grammy Awards|Tuzo ya Grammy]] katika kipengele cha Albamu Bora ya Sauti ya Klasiki ya Solo kwa albamu yake ''Mythologies'' mwaka 2022.<ref name="Grammy">{{cite web|url=[https://www.grammy.com/artists/Danae-Xanthe-Vlasse/38537|title=Danae](https://www.grammy.com/artists/Danae-Xanthe-Vlasse/38537|title=Danae) Xanthe Vlasse|publisher=Grammy|date=April 3, 2022|access-date=April 8, 2022}}</ref> Wimbo wake "Penelope", kutoka katika albamu hiyo, uliwasilishwa mwaka 2021 kwenye kipindi cha ''Front & Center'' cha PBS, ukiimbwa na Sangeeta Kaur. Mwaka 2024, aliteuliwa tena kwa Tuzo ya Grammy kwa kazi yake ''Mythologies II'' katika kipengele cha "Best Classical Compendium".<ref name="Grammys">{{cite web|url=[https://www.grammy.com/news/2025-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list|title=2025](https://www.grammy.com/news/2025-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list|title=2025) GRAMMYs: See The Full Nominations List|publisher=Grammys|date=|accessdate=November 8, 2024}}</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == Vlasse ni mpiga piano wa muziki wa klasiki, mtunzi, mtayarishaji wa muziki, msanii wa maonyesho, na mwalimu wa muziki. Ametoa albamu sita za studio, na alipokea Tuzo ya Grammy kwa albamu ''Mythologies'' mwaka 2022. Amefanya maonyesho katika Skirball Cultural Center na pia katika tamasha la SXSW (South by Southwest). Utunzi wake wa muziki umechezwa kwenye kipindi cha ''Front & Center'' cha PBS, katika Segerstrom Center for the Arts, na katika Mt. Wilson Observatory, ukitekelezwa na Sangeeta Kaur pamoja na Hila Plitmann. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Marekani]] 9sduqilwkdqwpwxs5xn2ifql1ro28ve 0 230821 1540476 1510669 2026-05-11T15:22:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Ras Kass | Img = Ras Kass.jpg | Img_capt = Ras Kass mnamo mwaka 2017 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = John R. Austin II | Pia anajulikana kama = {{hlist|The Waterproof Emcee|Razzy}} | Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1973|09|26}}<ref name="Yeung">{{cite web|author=Neil Z. Yeung|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ras-kass-mn0000403945|title=Ras Kass|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=December 1, 2019}}</ref> | Amekufa = | Asili yake = [[Carson, California]], Marekani | Ala = Sauti | Aina ya sauti = | Aina = [[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]] | Kazi yake = Rapa, mtunzi wa nyimbo, mtayarishaji wa muziki | Miaka ya kazi = 1991–sasa | Studio = 5ive7even. Cre8yte, [[Blackhouse Records|Blackhouse]], [[Mello Music Group|Mello]], Re-Up, [[Babygrande Records|Babygrande]], [[Capitol Records|Capitol]], [[Priority Records|Priority]], [[Virgin Records|Virgin]], [[PatchWerk Recording Studios|Patchwerk]], Zoo Life, [[Maverick (company)|Maverick]] | Ameshirikiana na = [[The Hrsmn]], [[Xzibit]], [[Saafir]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[Canibus]] | Tovuti = {{URL|www.raskass.bandcamp.com/}} | Ala zinazojulikana = }} '''John R. Austin II''' (amezaliwa Septemba 26, 1973),<ref name="Yeung"/> anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Ras Kass''', ni rapa kutoka nchini Marekani. Ras ni mwanachama wa kundi kuu la [[hip hop]] la [[The Hrsmn]], pamoja na [[Canibus]], [[Killah Priest]], na [[Kurupt]].<ref name="ambrosiaforheads">{{cite web|url=http://ambrosiaforheads.com/2014/06/canibus-kurupt-ras-kass-killah-priests-four-horsemen-unit-is-back-with-new-music-audio/|title=Canibus, Kurupt, Killah Priest, & Rass Kass (The HRSMN) – Historic Audio &#124; Ambrosia For Heads|website=Ambrosiaforheads.com|access-date=November 6, 2014|date=June 3, 2014}}</ref> Pia ni mwanachama wa kundi la Golden State Warriors akiwa na [[Xzibit]] na [[Saafir]]. Tovuti ya About ilimweka katika nafasi ya 30 kwenye orodha yao ya "Wasanii 50 Bora wa Muda Wote (1987–2007)", huku [[Pitchfork Media]] ikimwita "mmoja wa rapa bora wa muda wote".<ref name="pitchfork">{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/4337-visions-of-gandhi/|title=Jedi Mind Tricks: Visions of Gandhi &#124; Album Reviews &#124; Pitchfork|website=Pitchfork.com|access-date=November 6, 2014}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na binafsi == '''John R. Austin''' alizaliwa Septemba 26, 1973<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web|author=Jason Ankeny |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/ras-kass-mn0000403945/biography |title=Ras Kass &#124; Biography |website=[[AllMusic]] |date=September 2, 1973|access-date=July 18, 2015}}</ref> na kukulia mjini [[Carson, California]]. Jina lake la kisanii, Ras Kass, limetokana na jina la [[Ethiopia|Uhabeshi]] la Kaizari [[Yohannes IV]] (Ras Kassa Mircha) kabla ya kutawazwa. Katika maisha yake binafsi, mnamo mwaka 1996, yeye na mwimbaji wa R&B [[Teedra Moses]] walipata watoto pacha wa kiume, Ras na Taj, ambao pia ni waanzilishi wa kundi la rap la [[Coast Contra]].<ref>[http://allhiphop.com/2007/08/20/teedra-moses-simply-complex-part-two/ Teedra Moses: Simply Complex Part Two] Allhiphop.com</ref> Ras Kass alilelewa katika imani ya Kikatoliki lakini amekuwa akijifunza dini nyingine mbalimbali, jambo ambalo huakisiwa kwenye mashairi yake yenye mada nzito katika muziki. == Kazi ya muziki == === Mwanzo wa kazi (1991–1995) === Ras Kass alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1991 kwenye wimbo wa "Trick or Treat" akiwa na kundi la Wild West Corral. Alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa kupitia wimbo wake wa kujitegemea "Remain Anonymous," uliomfanya apate tuzo ya "Hip-Hop Quotable" kutoka gazeti la ''The Source''. Kabla ya kusainiwa na Priority Records, alifanya kazi na wasanii wakubwa kama [[Nas (rapper)|Nas]], [[Lauryn Hill]], na [[Chino XL]]. === Soul on Ice na Rasassination (1996–1998) === Albamu yake ya kwanza, ''[[Soul on Ice (album)|Soul on Ice]]'', ilitoka mwaka 1996 na ilipata jina lake kutoka kwa kitabu cha [[Eldridge Cleaver]]. Katika albamu hii, alijadili masuala ya rangi na historia, hususan kwenye wimbo "Nature of the Threat." Mwaka 1998 alifuata na albamu ya ''[[Rasassination]]'', iliyohusisha ushirikiano na [[Dr. Dre]] na [[RZA]]. Wimbo wa "Ghetto Fabulous" ulikuwa miongoni mwa nyimbo zilizovuma sana kipindi hicho. === Changamoto za Lebo na kifungo (1999–2009) === Kipindi hiki kilikuwa kigumu kwa Ras Kass kutokana na migogoro na lebo za Priority na Capitol Records. Albamu yake ya ''Van Gogh'' ilivuja (kabla ya kutoka rasmi, jambo lililosababisha mvutano mkubwa na uongozi. Mnamo mwaka 2003, alikamatwa kwa kosa la kuendesha gari akiwa amelewa kwa mara ya tatu. Alihukumiwa kifungo na baadaye akawa mtoro kwa muda kabla ya kujisalimisha. Hata baada ya kutoka gerezani mwaka 2005, aliendelea kukumbana na matatizo ya kisheria, ikiwemo kukiuka masharti ya kuachiliwa kwa kusafiri kwenda kwenye tuzo za BET mwaka 2007 bila ruhusa. Alitoka gerezani rasmi mwishoni mwa Mei 2009 baada ya kutumikia karibu miaka miwili.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ismael AbduSalaam and Remmie Fresh |url=http://allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2009/04/27/21474450.aspx |title=Ras Kass Secures May Release Date From Prison |access-date=March 10, 2020 |archive-date=2009-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430101357/http://allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2009/04/27/21474450.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Miradi ya Quarterly, A.D.I.D.A.S. na harakati za baadaye === Baada ya uhuru wake, Ras Kass alianza kutoa wimbo mmoja kila wiki kupitia mradi wa ''[[The Quarterly (album)|The Quarterly]]'' mwaka 2009. Mwaka 2010, alitumia mfumo wa ''Kickstarter'' kupitia kampeni ya "Save The Ras Kass" kufadhili albamu yake ya ''A.D.I.D.A.S. (All Day I Dream About Spittin)''. Alifanikiwa kupata fedha hizo ndani ya siku tano tu, ikionyesha upendo mkubwa wa mashabiki wake wa tangu zamani. Mnamo mwaka 2019, alitimiza ahadi yake ya kutoa mwendelezo wa albamu yake ya kwanza kwa kutoa ''Soul on Ice 2''. Pia, amekuwa akijihusisha na masuala ya kijamii, ikiwemo kutetea uhuru wa mfungwa wa kisiasa [[Leonard Peltier]] kupitia wimbo wake "Freedom" (2020). == Diskografia == {{Main|Diskografia ya Ras Kass}} *''[[Soul on Ice (album)|Soul on Ice]]'' (1996) *''[[Rasassination]]'' (1998) *''A.D.I.D.A.S.'' (2010) *''Barmaggedon'' (2013) *''Blasphemy'' (2014) *''Breakfast at Banksy's'' (2015) *''Intellectual Property'' (2016) *''Soul on Ice 2'' (2019) *''I'm Not Clearing Shxt'' (2020) *''Leopard Eats Face'' (2026) == Filmografia == *''[[Rhyme & Reason (film)|Rhyme & Reason]]'' (1997) *''[[I Got the Hook Up]]'' (1998) *''BEEF IV'' (2007) *''Rhyme and Punishment'' (2011) *''The Art of Rap'' (2012) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * {{IMDb name|0440794}} * {{Discogs artist|Ras Kass}} {{BD|1973}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] j0hfc8mfwsv7vsh9pxmjr3u9xjz3ls0 0 230866 1540453 1539696 2026-05-11T14:46:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabel Miranda de Wallace''' (alizaliwa '''María Isabel Miranda Torres'''; 27 Mei 1951 – 8 Machi 2025) alikuwa mwalimu na mwanaharakati wa kijamii wa [[Meksiko|Meksiko.]] Alifanya kazi kama rais wa chama cha kiraia cha Alto al Secuestro (“Simamisha Utekaji Nyara”), na alipokea Tuzo ya Taifa ya Haki za Binadamu ya mwaka 2010 kutoka kwa rais [[Felipe Calderón]]. Kama mgombea wa chama cha [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]] katika uchaguzi wa mkuu wa serikali ya Wilaya ya Shirikisho la Meksiko wa mwaka 2012, alishika nafasi ya tatu kati ya wagombea wanne.<ref name="PNDH">{{cite web |url= [http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/2010/12/premio-de-derechos-humanos-2010-a-isabel-miranda-de-wallace/|title=](http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/2010/12/premio-de-derechos-humanos-2010-a-isabel-miranda-de-wallace/|title=) Premio de Derechos Humanos 2010 a Isabel Miranda de Wallace|accessdate= 13 Januari 2012|publisher= presidencia.gob.mx|date= 15 Desemba 2010|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= [http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/730339.html](http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/730339.html) |title= Premian a Isabel Wallace en Derechos Humanos|accessdate=30 Mei 2011|publisher= El Universal|date= 14 Desemba 2010|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=El Siglo de Torreón|title=Panistas arropan a Wallace en registro|url=[http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/727335.panistas-arropan-a-wallace-en-registro.html|accessdate=16](http://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/727335.panistas-arropan-a-wallace-en-registro.html|accessdate=16) Aprili 2012|date=8 Aprili 2012|language=es}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951|2025}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Meksiko]] g7czg43ym0hn92lflj3apn1igpti8ig 0 230896 1540419 1514190 2026-05-11T14:08:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540419 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margarita Peña''' ('''Concepción Margarita Peña Muñoz'''; 21 Agosti 1937 – 7 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa mwandishi, mtafsiri na mtafiti wa [[Meksiko]], daktari wa fasihi, mwalimu na profesa mstaafu mashuhuri katika [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]]. Kazi zake zilijikita katika [[Mexican literature#Spanish colonial period|fasihi ya Meksiko ya karne ya 16, 17 na 18]].<ref name="1-grandesmaestros">{{cite web |title=Dra. Margarita Peña |url=[http://www.grandesmaestros.unam.mx/dra-margarita-pena/](http://www.grandesmaestros.unam.mx/dra-margarita-pena/) |publisher=Grandes Maestros.UNAM |access-date=2 Septemba 2021 |date=8 Oktoba 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095830/http://www.grandesmaestros.unam.mx/dra-margarita-pena/](https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095830/http://www.grandesmaestros.unam.mx/dra-margarita-pena/) |archive-date=2018-10-08 }}</ref><ref name="2-milenio">{{cite news |last1=Alejo Santiago |first1=Jesús |title=Murió Margarita Peña Muñoz, escritora e investigadora |url=[https://www.milenio.com/cultura/murio-margarita-pena-munoz-escritora-investigadora](https://www.milenio.com/cultura/murio-margarita-pena-munoz-escritora-investigadora) |access-date=2 Septemba 2021 |work=[www.milenio.com](http://www.milenio.com) |date=7 Oktoba 2018 |language=es-MX}}</ref><ref name="3-consejounam">{{cite web |title=Dra. Margarita Peña Muñoz |url=[https://consejo.unam.mx/archivo-noticias-y-multimedia/emeritasgos/432-dra-margarita-pena-munoz](https://consejo.unam.mx/archivo-noticias-y-multimedia/emeritasgos/432-dra-margarita-pena-munoz) |website=consejo.unam.mx |publisher=Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México |access-date=2 Septemba 2021 |archive-date=7 Machi 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220307185839/https://consejo.unam.mx/archivo-noticias-y-multimedia/emeritasgos/432-dra-margarita-pena-munoz](https://web.archive.org/web/20220307185839/https://consejo.unam.mx/archivo-noticias-y-multimedia/emeritasgos/432-dra-margarita-pena-munoz) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tuzo alizopata ni pamoja na: Premio Universidad Nacional, Premio de la Cámara Nacional de la Industria Editorial, Premio Huehuetlatolli, Premio de Crítica Literaria, na Premio ComuArte. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1937|2018}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] 44spiefz5nk90urq31tzsw48figoxda 0 230897 1540412 1514199 2026-05-11T14:04:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1540412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatriz Peniche Barrera''' (anajulikana kama '''Beatriz Peniche de Ponce'''; 7 Novemba 1893 – 27 Novemba 1976) alikuwa mwandishi, mwalimu na mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake wa [[Meksiko]]. Alikuwa kiongozi wa '''Chama cha Kisoshalisti''' cha Kusini Mashariki na mmoja wa wanawake watatu wa kwanza kuchaguliwa katika chombo cha kutunga sheria nchini Meksiko. Alishirikiana na waandishi na washairi kutoka Meksiko na Kuba, akichapisha kazi nyingi. ==Wasifu== Beatriz Peniche Barrera alizaliwa tarehe 7 Novemba 1893 katika Mérida, Yucatán, Meksiko.<ref name="Tenorio Zavala (2005)">{{cite book|last1=Tenorio Zavala|first1=Gertrudis|last2=Reyes Ramírez|first2=Rubén|title=Los vuelos de la rosa : mujeres en la poesía de Yucatán : antología|date=2005|publisher=Instituto de Cultura de Yucatán, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana|location=[Mérida, Yucatán]|isbn=978-9-687-87143-1|page=103|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye_lAAAAMAAJ&q=beatrice+peniche+de+ponce|accessdate=22](https://books.google.com/books?id=Ye_lAAAAMAAJ&q=beatrice+peniche+de+ponce|accessdate=22) Machi 2015}}</ref> Alikuwa binti wa Primitivo Peniche Peniche na Aurora Barrera Zapata. Tangu utotoni alionyesha hisia za kisanii na alifundishwa kupiga piano na mandolini. Alikuwa na mapenzi makubwa kwa ushairi na alijiunga na ''Instituto Literario de Niñas'' (Taasisi ya Fasihi kwa Wasichana), chini ya uongozi wa [[Rita Cetina Gutiérrez]].<ref name="Machuca (2013)">{{cite news|last1=Machuca|first1=Graciela|title=Mujeres precursoras revolucionarias. Rita Cetina: Y la discriminación feminista|url=[http://noticaribe.com.mx/2013/11/19/mujeres-precursoras-revolucionarias-rita-cetina-y-la-discriminacion-feminista/|accessdate=21](http://noticaribe.com.mx/2013/11/19/mujeres-precursoras-revolucionarias-rita-cetina-y-la-discriminacion-feminista/|accessdate=21) Machi 2015|publisher=Noticaribe|date=19 Novemba 2013|location=Quintana Roo, Mexico|language=Spanish}}</ref> Alipata sifa ya ualimu mwaka 1913 na kuanza kufanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule ya msingi kwa wasichana katika shule ya Fidelia Cámara.<ref name="Ramírez (1996)">{{cite book|last1=Ramírez|first1=Rubén Reyes|title=Poesías completas|date=1996|publisher=Eds. de la Univ. Autónoma de Yucatán|location=Mérida, Yuc., México|isbn=968-6843-99-X|pages=17–27|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=78L4Ze7skIEC&pg=PA23|accessdate=22](https://books.google.com/books?id=78L4Ze7skIEC&pg=PA23|accessdate=22) Machi 2015|language=Spanish}}</ref> Muda mfupi baada ya kuwasili kwa gavana [[Salvador Alvarado]] huko Yucatán mwaka 1915, Peniche aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa Maktaba ya Manuel Cepeda.<ref name="Ramírez (1996)" /> Alishiriki katika [[the First Feminist Congress of Yucatán|Kongamano la Kwanza la Wanawake la Yucatán]] lililofanyika mwaka 1916 mjini Mérida chini ya uongozi wa Alvarado.<ref name="Cimac (2004)">{{cite news|title=El voto femenino, resultado de movimientos a favor de equidad|url=[http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/32985|accessdate=22](http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/32985|accessdate=22) Machi 2015|publisher=Cimac Noticias|date=15 Oktoba 2004|location=Mexico City|language=Spanish|archive-date=7 Juni 2015|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150607012211/http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/32985|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20150607012211/http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/32985|url-status=dead}})</ref> Mwaka 1922, alisaidia kuanzisha Ligi ya Wanawake ya Yucatán kama sehemu ya Chama cha Kisoshalisti cha Kusini Mashariki, pamoja na [[Elvia Carrillo Puerto]], [[Raquel Dzib Cicero]], [[Rosa Torre González]], [[Adolfina Valencia]] na [[Consuelo Zavala]]. Kwa ushirikiano na gavana [[Felipe Carrillo Puerto]] mwaka 1923, Peniche alipanga mkutano wa Kongamano la Waandishi wa Habari lililofanyika Mérida mwaka huo.<ref name="Ramírez (1996)" /> Tarehe 18 Novemba 1923, wagombea watatu waliokuwa wanachama wa ''Liga Rita Cetina Gutiérrez'' walichaguliwa katika bunge la eneo hilo kama wagombea wa Chama cha Kisoshalisti cha Kusini Mashariki. Peniche alichaguliwa kuwakilisha wilaya ya pili ya mji wa Mérida, Elvia Carrillo Puerto alichaguliwa Izamal, na [[Raquel Dzib Cicero]] alichaguliwa wilaya ya tatu ya Mérida. Hata hivyo, ushindi wao haukudumu kwa muda mrefu, kwani waliondolewa madarakani baada ya kuuawa kwa gavana Carrillo Puerto mwaka 1924.<ref name="Peniche Rivero">{{cite news|last1=Peniche Rivero|first1=Piedad|title=Efemérides del Triunfo de la Lucha por el Sufragio Femenino|url=[http://www.archivogeneral.yucatan.gob.mx/Efemerides/ElviaCarrillo/ElviaCarrilloPuerto.htm|accessdate=22](http://www.archivogeneral.yucatan.gob.mx/Efemerides/ElviaCarrillo/ElviaCarrilloPuerto.htm|accessdate=22) Machi 2015|publisher=Del Archivo General de Yucatán|location=Mérida, Mexico|language=Spanish|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20131021234740/http://www.archivogeneral.yucatan.gob.mx/Efemerides/ElviaCarrillo/ElviaCarrilloPuerto.htm|archive-date=21](https://web.archive.org/web/20131021234740/http://www.archivogeneral.yucatan.gob.mx/Efemerides/ElviaCarrillo/ElviaCarrilloPuerto.htm|archive-date=21) Oktoba 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Peniche alialikwa na kundi la waandishi kwenda [[Cuba]] kushirikiana nao. Aliwasili tarehe 6 Aprili 1925 na kukaa kwa takribani mwaka mmoja. Baadaye aliendelea kufanya safari za mara kwa mara kwenda Cuba, wakati mwingine akikaa hadi miezi sita. Kazi zake zilizochapishwa Havana zilionekana katika majarida ''Diario de la Marina'' na ''Mujeres y Bohemia''. Kama sehemu ya mradi wa jimbo la Yucatán wa kupanua masoko ya vyombo vya habari, Peniche alishiriki kuanzisha ''Diario del Sureste'' mwaka 1931. Takribani mwaka 1943, yeye pamoja na waandishi wengine wa eneo hilo walianzisha jumuiya ya fasihi iitwayo Juana de Asbaje. Katika maisha yake yote, Peniche alichapisha mashairi na makala kwa jina lake na pia kwa majina bandia “Miosotis” na “Betty”. Pia aliandika safu ya mara kwa mara iitwayo ''Prismas'', iliyochapishwa katika machapisho mbalimbali ya eneo hilo.<ref name="Ramírez (1996)" /> Peniche aliolewa na mshairi mwenzake Miguel Ponce Casares<ref name="Moreno Bolio (1981)">{{cite book|last1=Moreno Bolio|first1=Delio|title=Santa Lucía y sus vecinos de hace medio siglo|date=1981|publisher=Ayuntamiento de Mérida|location=Mérida, Mexico|page=88|language=Spanish}}</ref> (31 Januari 1890 – 8 Februari 1978) tarehe 27 Novemba 1915. Walipata binti mmoja aitwaye Yolanda Ponce Peniche.<ref name="Ramírez (1996)" /> Peniche alifariki tarehe 27 Novemba 1976.<ref name="Cervantes Pérez (2012)">{{cite news|last1=Cervantes Pérez|first1=Erika|title=Beatriz Peniche de Ponce|url=[http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/60927|accessdate=22](http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/60927|accessdate=22) Machi 2015|publisher=Cimac Noticias|date=6 Mei 2012|language=Spanish}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1893|1976}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Meksiko]] 9mt3g0gi4kd13524ey5vgdz979sv3jv 0 230900 1540420 1539986 2026-05-11T14:08:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Luisa Ross Landa''' (14 Agosti 1887 – 12 Juni 1945) alikuwa mwandishi wa kifeministi, mwandishi wa habari, mwalimu, mwigizaji na mtumishi wa umma wa [[Meksiko]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa redio ya kitamaduni nchini Meksiko, na mkurugenzi wa kwanza wa [[Radio Educación]]. ==Maisha ya awali== María Luisa Ross Landa alizaliwa [[Pachuca]], Hidalgo tarehe 14 Agosti 1887, ila baadhi ya vyanzo hutaja mahali pa kuzaliwa kuwa [[Tulancingo]].<ref name=elem>{{Rejea tovuti |url=[http://www.elem.mx/autor/datos/958](http://www.elem.mx/autor/datos/958) |title=María Luisa Ross Landa |website=[[Enciclopedia de la literatura en México]] |publisher=[[Secretariat of Culture]] |language=es |access-date=2022-09-28}}</ref><ref name=participación>{{Cite thesis |url=[https://repositorio.unam.mx/contenidos/la-participacion-femenina-en-el-periodismo-nacional-durante-la-revolucion-mexicana-1910-1917-71209](https://repositorio.unam.mx/contenidos/la-participacion-femenina-en-el-periodismo-nacional-durante-la-revolucion-mexicana-1910-1917-71209) |title=La participación femenina en el periodismo nacional durante la Revolución Mexicana (1910–1917) |trans-title=Ushiriki wa wanawake katika uandishi wa habari wa kitaifa wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Meksiko (1910–1917) |first=Elvira Laura |last=Hernández Carballido |publisher=[[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] |pages=70–72 |language=es |date=2003 |access-date=2022-09-29 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hata hivyo, nyaraka alizosaini kama mtumishi wa serikali ya shirikisho pamoja na cheti chake cha kifo zinaonyesha Pachuca.<ref name="Mendiola 9–10">{{Cite thesis |url=[https://uh-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10657/1102/MENDIOLA-DISSERTATION-2014.pdf](https://uh-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10657/1102/MENDIOLA-DISSERTATION-2014.pdf) |title=María Luisa Ross en la historia hispana de Estados Unidos |trans-title=María Luisa Ross katika historia ya Kihispania ya Marekani |first=Maria D. |last=Mendiola |publisher=[[University of Houston]] |pages=9–10 |language=es |date=Mei 2014 |access-date=2022-09-28}}</ref> Baadhi ya vyanzo pia hutaja mwaka wa kuzaliwa kuwa 1891.<ref name=Revoluciones>{{Rejea kitabu |url=[https://www.uaeh.edu.mx/investigacion/productos/6824/2013libro-revoluciones-.pdf](https://www.uaeh.edu.mx/investigacion/productos/6824/2013libro-revoluciones-.pdf) |title=2010–1910–1810 Revoluciones femeninas |chapter=María Luisa Ross Landa: mujer de discurso perfecto que logró cautivar a una ciudad y a un beso |trans-chapter=María Luisa Ross Landa: Mwanamke mwenye hotuba kamilifu aliyefaulu kuuteka mji na busu |first=Rosalinda |last=Sandoval Orihuela |publisher=[[Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo]] |isbn=9786074823080 |pages=117–128 |language=es |date=2013 |access-date=2022-09-28}}</ref>}} Alikuwa binti wa Alejandro Ross, daktari wa kijeshi wa asili ya Uskoti, na Elena Landa, mkaguzi wa shule mwenye asili ya Kihispania. Baba yake alikuwa naibu mkurugenzi wa [[General Hospital of Mexico]], mkurugenzi wa Hospitali Kuu ya Pachuca, na alikuwa na uhusiano na serikali ya [[Porfirio Díaz]]. Mama yake alikuwa mkaguzi katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Taifa ya Wasichana huko Pachuca. Hadhi ya kijamii ya familia yao ilimwezesha María Luisa kupata elimu bora ya binafsi, jambo ambalo lilikuwa nadra kwa wanawake wengi wakati huo. Walimu wake walimhamasisha kufuata taaluma ya kitaaluma.<ref name=participación/><ref name="Mendiola 9–10"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1887|1945}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Meksiko]] f682tw2s50fo9b32x9z9yvm6wi4fhd8 0 230909 1540377 1539391 2026-05-11T13:37:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ 1540377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erika María Benítez Lizaola''' ni mwanaastronomia wa [[Meksiko]] ambaye utafiti wake unahusisha [[blazar]] na [[active galactic nucleus|viini hai vya galaksi]]<ref name=creatividad>{{citation|url=[http://olinia.com.mx/ciencia_unam/leer/360/erika-ben-tez-creatividad-en-la-astronom-a|title=Erika](http://olinia.com.mx/ciencia_unam/leer/360/erika-ben-tez-creatividad-en-la-astronom-a|title=Erika) Benítez: ubunifu katika astronomia|work=Ciencia UNAM|first=Isabel|last=Pérez S.|date=18 Juni 2014|access-date=2022-12-08}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Yeye ni profesa katika Kitivo cha Sayansi cha [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] (UNAM) na mtafiti katika Taasisi ya Astronomia ya UNAM.<ref name=unam>{{citation|url=[http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=419&Itemid=88&lang=en|title=Wasifu](http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=419&Itemid=88&lang=en|title=Wasifu) mfupi|publisher=UNAM Institute of Astronomy|access-date=2022-12-08|archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221208200839/http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?article&id=419|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20221208200839/http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?article&id=419|url-status=dead}})</ref> ==Elimu na kazi== Benítez alisomea fizikia katika ngazi ya shahada ya kwanza katika UNAM, na akaendelea katika chuo hicho kwa masomo ya uzamivu katika astronomia, akimaliza shahada yake ya uzamivu mwaka 1997. Tasnifu yake, ''Estudios de Variabilidad de Núcleos Activos de Galaxias'', iliripoti ugunduzi wa [[host galaxy|galaksi mwenyeji]] wa blazar [[OJ 287]]. Amefanya kazi kama mtafiti katika Taasisi ya Astronomia ya UNAM tangu mwaka 1997.<ref name=orcid>{{citation|url=[https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-2613|title=Erika](https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1018-2613|title=Erika) Benitez|work=ORCiD|access-date=2022-12-08}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Tuzo na utambuzi== Benítez ni mwanachama wa [[Mexican Academy of Sciences]].<ref name=amc>{{citation|url=[https://www.amc.mx/amc/membresia/ASTRONOMIA2022.pdf|title=Astronomy](https://www.amc.mx/amc/membresia/ASTRONOMIA2022.pdf|title=Astronomy) section members|publisher=Mexican Academy of Sciences|year=2022|access-date=2022-12-07}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benitez, Erika}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1887|1945}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Meksiko]] i9zv6mbnkc1rpvlvutz4sczeclqay62 1540380 1540377 2026-05-11T13:40:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erika María Benítez Lizaola''' ni mwanaastronomia wa [[Meksiko]] ambaye utafiti wake unahusisha [[blazar]] na [[viini hai vya galaksi]]. Yeye ni profesa katika Kitivo cha Sayansi cha [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]] (UNAM) na mtafiti katika Taasisi ya Astronomia ya UNAM.<ref name=unam>{{citation|url=[http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=419&Itemid=88&lang=en|title=Wasifu](http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=419&Itemid=88&lang=en|title=Wasifu) mfupi|publisher=UNAM Institute of Astronomy|access-date=2022-12-08|archive-date=2022-12-08 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221208200839/http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?article&id=419|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20221208200839/http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/IA/index.php?article&id=419|url-status=dead}})</ref> ==Elimu na kazi== Benítez alisomea fizikia katika ngazi ya shahada ya kwanza katika UNAM, na akaendelea katika chuo hicho kwa masomo ya uzamivu katika astronomia, akimaliza shahada yake ya uzamivu mwaka 1997. Tasnifu yake, ''Estudios de Variabilidad de Núcleos Activos de Galaxias'', iliripoti ugunduzi wa [[galaksi mwenyeji]] wa blazar [[OJ 287]]. Amefanya kazi kama mtafiti katika Taasisi ya Astronomia ya UNAM tangu mwaka 1997. ==Tuzo na utambuzi== Benítez ni mwanachama wa [[Mexican Academy of Sciences]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Benitez, Erika}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Meksiko]] io6jdm0z5f9uimtiw8p15deqisw89mx 0 230984 1540452 1523934 2026-05-11T14:46:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rabah Laradji''' ([[Kiarabu]]: رابح لعراجي; alizaliwa Bordj Menaïel, [[Bou Merdes]], [[Aljeria]], [[1943]]) ni mkurugenzi wa filamu na mwandishi wa filamu kutoka Aljeria. Akiwa mhitimu wa Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Filamu ya [[Aljeri]], Laradji ameongoza filamu na makala kadhaa fupi na za kati zilizotayarishwa na Ofisi ya Kitaifa ya Sinema na Uzalishaji wa Sauti na Video.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Personnes {{!}} Africultures : Laradji Rabah|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=7206|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-04-28|language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alisoma katika Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Sinema huko Aljeri. Tamthilia za Laradji zinachunguza mada za kijamii kama vile kumbukumbu na urithi, pamoja na mada za kihistoria. Tamthilia zake na Ofisi ya Kitaifa ya Sinema na Uzalishaji wa Sauti na Video zilichangia kusherehekea Mapinduzi ya [[Aljeria]].<ref name=":0" /> == Filamu == * Filamu fupi ya ''La Bombe'' ya mwaka 1969 iliyotayarishwa na ONCIC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Le film|url=https://moudjahidate.com/index.php/le-film.html|work=moudjahidate.com|accessdate=2026-04-28}}</ref> * Filamu ya pamoja ya ''Contribution to Histoires de la révolution'' ya mwaka 1969.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Histoires de la Révolution|url=https://www.africine.org/film/histoires-de-la-revolution/3669|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-04-28|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Filamu ya ''Pour que vive l'Algérie !'' ya mwaka 1972 ambayo alikuwa mkurugenzi mwenza na ilitayarishwa na ONCIC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Films {{!}} Africultures : Pour que vive l'Algérie!|url=https://africultures.com/films/?no=3690|work=Africultures|accessdate=2026-04-28|language=fr-FR}}</ref> * Filamu ya ''Casbah 74'' ya mwaka 1974.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Casbah 74|url=https://cinememoire.net/casbah-74-rabah-laradji|work=Cinememoire.net|date=2010-10-14|accessdate=2026-04-28|language=fr-FR|author=Cinémémoire}}</ref> * Filamu ya kumbukumbu ya ''Nasreddine Dinet'' ya mwaka 1977.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rabah Laradji|url=https://mubi.com/en/cast/rabah-laradji|work=MUBI|accessdate=2026-04-28|language=en}}</ref> * Filamu ya ''Un toit, une famille'' ya mwaka 1982.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Un Toit, Une Famille (&#1587;&#1602;&#1601; &#1608; &#1593;&#1575;&#1574;&#1604;&#1577;)|url=https://www.africine.org/film/un-toit-une-famille-158716021601-1608-15931575157416041577/3696|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-04-28|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:wakurugenzi wa filamu wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 3z59b1wed038kvnpdzdhzy7jgs1v2nj 0 230990 1540449 1539657 2026-05-11T14:44:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ian Stanley Akers-Douglas''' (16 Novemba 1909 – 16 Desemba 1952) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa kiwango cha juu (amateur) kutoka [[Uingereza]] pamoja na mchezaji wa mchezo wa rackets. Alikuwa mpigaji (batsman) wa mkono wa kulia ambaye alichezea kriketi daraja la kwanza katika timu za Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford na Kent County Cricket Club kati ya mwaka 1929 na 1938. Alizaliwa [[Kensington]] na alifariki nyumbani kwake huko Frant.<ref name=carlaw>Carlaw, uk. 7–8. (Ilipatikana 21 Desemba 2020.)</ref> Baba yake Akers-Douglas alikuwa mtoto wa pili wa Aretas Akers-Douglas, 1st Viscount Chilston. Babu yake upande wa mama alikuwa Stanley Christopherson, ambaye aliwahi kuichezea timu ya Uingereza mara moja, na mjomba wake mkubwa alikuwa Percy Christopherson ambaye aliichezea Kent mara mbili. Alipata elimu yake katika Eton College<ref name=times>{{cite news |title=Mr Ian Akers-Douglas |newspaper=The Times |location=London |date=2 Januari 1953 |page=8}}</ref> na Christ Church, Oxford. Alianza taaluma yake ya kriketi kwa kucheza mechi moja kwa timu ya Kent Second XI katika mashindano ya Minor Counties Championship mwaka 1928 kabla ya kufanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya kiwango cha juu akiwa na Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford mwaka 1929. Alicheza mechi tatu kwa chuo hicho kabla ya kuanza kuichezea Kent katika majira ya joto ya mwaka huo dhidi ya Warwickshire. Pia alicheza mechi nne zaidi za County Championship kwa timu hiyo katika msimu wa 1929. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1909|1952}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] 1837yudh77pik5g9nphhiiirxzvnudq 0 231037 1540503 1518296 2026-05-11T16:37:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540503 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto Etxebarria Arruti''' ([[6 Mei]] [[1908]] – [[17 Februari]] [[1981]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[kiungo wa kati]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athletic-club.net/web/main.asp?a=1&b=1&c=1&d=2&denb=1928-29&jokalaria=345&idi=2|title=Games: 1928–29 season|publisher=Athletic Club|accessdate=24 May 2012}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athletic-club.net/web/main.asp?a=1&b=1&c=1&d=1&jokalaria=345&idi=2|title=Statistics|publisher=Athletic Club|accessdate=24 May 2012}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1908|1981}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 8b713atzu0ks54lioopq8ezho9lyj2u 0 231040 1540815 1517794 2026-05-12T07:52:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xabier Etxeita Gorritxategi''' (alizaliwa [[31 Oktoba]], [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[beki wa kati]]. Katika misimu kumi, alicheza mechi 148 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 8 akiwa na klabu za Athletic Bilbao, SD Huesca na Getafe CF. Pia aliongeza mechi 154 katika Segunda División akiwa na klabu nne, na alishinda 2015 Supercopa de España akiwa na Athletic Bilbao.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/euskadi/2025/05/14/xabi-etxeita-unico-futbolista-que-ha-defendido-las-camisetas-de-athletic-y-getafe-en-primera-division-radio-bilbao/|title=Xabi Etxeita, único futbolista que ha defendido las camisetas de Athletic y Getafe en Primera división|trans-title=Xabi Etxeita, only footballer to have donned the jerseys of Athletic and Getafe in First division|publisher=[[Cadena SER]]|first=Iñigo|last=Markinez|language=es|date=14 May 2025|access-date=7 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.athletic-club.net/web/main.asp?a=1&b=3&c=0&d=1&id=3893&idi=2|title=Athletic 2 – Osasuna 0|publisher=Athletic Bilbao|date=16 November 2008|access-date=4 January 2009|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150500/http://www.athletic-club.net/web/main.asp?a=1&b=3&c=0&d=1&id=3893&idi=2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.elcorreo.com/vizcaya/multimedia/videos/515757.html|title=El debut de Etxeita en el Athletic|trans-title=Etxeita's debut at Athletic|newspaper=[[El Correo]]|language=es|date=19 November 2008|access-date=7 October 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] qc50wp08k72okazu8v6nxdsq7fjrmhh 0 231126 1540378 1539288 2026-05-11T13:38:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonita Grace Anthony''' (alizaliwa [[1967]] au 1968) ni [[mhandisi]], msimamizi wa chuo kikuu, na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani anayehudumu kama mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Virginia, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 92 tangu mwaka 2024. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Democratic, alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2023. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] rezmfhyb4kdq6s7unmqmgisec4gdzrn 0 231160 1540393 1539371 2026-05-11T13:51:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Edward Alford''' (takriban 1595 – 1653) alikuwa mmiliki wa ardhi na mwanasiasa wa Uingereza aliyekaa katika Bunge la Commons la Uingereza kwa vipindi mbalimbali kati ya mwaka 1628 na 1644. Aliunga mkono upande wa Wafalme (Royalists) katika Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Uingereza. == Maisha ya awali == Alford alikuwa mwana wa Edward Alford na mkewe Judith Downing, binti Edmund Downing wa Suffolk. Aliandikishwa katika Christ Church, Oxford tarehe 30 Oktoba 1612 akiwa na umri wa miaka 17.<ref>[[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=117042](http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=117042) 'Alumni Oxonienses, 1500–1714: Abannan-Appletre', Alumni Oxonienses 1500–1714: Abannan-Kyte (1891), uk. 1–28. Tarehe ya kufikiwa: 10 Desemba 2011]</ref> Wakati baba yake alikuwa akishughulika na majukumu ya kibunge na ya umma mjini London na Essex, inaonekana Alford aliishi Offington na alikuwa na shughuli nyingi katika eneo la Sussex. Alikuwa Sherifu Mkuu wa Surrey na Sussex mwaka 1624 na alijihusisha na masuala ya wanamgambo wa eneo hilo. Mwaka 1627, mfalme alimpa Edward Alford pamoja na wengine mamlaka ya kutumia sheria ya kijeshi kwa wanajeshi waliokuwa wamepangiwa makazi katika kaunti ya Sussex. Pia aliwasilisha malalamiko dhidi ya mkazi huru wa Billinghurst, Sussex, kwa kushindwa kudumisha ulinzi wa zamu katika mnara wa ishara (beacon). Mwaka 1628 aliwasilisha taarifa kuhusu meli zilizotekwa (prize ships), na aliwasiliana kwa barua na Sir John Coke kuhusu upangaji wa wanajeshi karibu na Portsmouth. Mwaka 1628, Edward Alford alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Steyning. Vyanzo vinatofautiana kuhusu kama alikuwa yeye au baba yake aliyeshika nafasi hiyo, kwani baba yake pia alichaguliwa kuwakilisha Colchester lakini aliondolewa baada ya kupingwa kwa uchaguzi huo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1595|1653}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uingereza]] of13qdunbkrd6hl6saih9qqixnnqxox 0 231164 1540391 1539356 2026-05-11T13:50:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald James Allan''', FBA (22 Desemba 1907 – 19 Juni 1978) alikuwa msomi wa taaluma ya fasihi za kale (Classics) kutoka Uingereza. Alikuwa Profesa wa Kigiriki katika Chuo cha Glasgow kuanzia mwaka 1957 hadi 1971. Allan alipata elimu katika Christ's Hospital School na baadaye katika Christ Church, Oxford. Wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia alifanya kazi katika Bletchley Park. == Machapisho teule == * Aristotle, ''De Caelo'', 1936. (Mhariri) * Plato, ''The Republic'', 1940. (Mhariri) * "Mediaeval Versions of Aristotle, De Caelo, and of the Commentary of Simplicius" katika ''Mediaeval and Renaissance Studies'', Juz. 2 (1950), uk. 82–120. * ''The Philosophy of Aristotle'', Oxford University Press, 1952. (Mfululizo wa Home University Library of Modern Knowledge Na. 222) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1907|1978}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] nxhd6tc36c604xqws959kiver4hc2ya 0 231174 1540739 1522847 2026-05-12T04:19:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540739 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saudi_Culture_-_സൗദി_സംസ്കാരം_51.JPG|thumb|Wanaume wa Saudi Arabia wakiwa wamevaa na kujiandaa kwa ajili ya ngoma ya kitaifa. Pia inajumuisha mapanga, mashairi na uimbaji.]] '''Utamaduni wa Saudia''' unaathiriwa sana na mazingira ya Kiarabu na ya Kiislamu. Jamii, kwa ujumla, ina dini, ina msimamo [[Ushikiliaji Ukale|wa kihafidhina]], kitamaduni, na inazingatia familia. Mitazamo na mila nyingi zimekuwepo kwa karne nyingi, zikitokana na ustaarabu wa Kiarabu na urithi wa Kiislamu. Hata hivyo, utamaduni wake pia umeathiriwa na mabadiliko ya haraka, kwani nchi hiyo ilibadilishwa kutoka jamii maskini ya Wabedouin hadi kuwa mzalishaji tajiri wa bidhaa katika miaka michache tu katika miaka ya 1970. Mabadiliko haya pia yameathiriwa na matokeo ya mambo kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na mapinduzi ya mawasiliano na ufadhili wa nje. Mtawala wa sasa wa Saudi Arabia ni [[Salman bin Abdulaziz|Mfalme Salman]]. Harakati ya Wahhabi, ambayo iliibuka katika karne ya 18 na wakati mwingine huelezewa kama ya kipuritania, sasa imetawala nchini humo. Kwa kufuata kanuni ya " kuamrisha mema na kukataza maovu ", kuna vikwazo na makatazo mengi kuhusu tabia na mavazi ambayo yanatekelezwa kisheria na kijamii, mara nyingi zaidi kuliko katika nchi zingine za Kiislamu. Hata hivyo, vikwazo vingi vya kitamaduni vimeondolewa hivi karibuni na serikali ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwaruhusu wanawake kuendesha gari na [[Haki za wanawake nchini Saudi Arabia|masuala mengine mengi yanayohusiana na wanawake]], <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Shafi |first=Aadil |date=2021-09-21 |title=The Changing Contours of Saudi Arabia: Mohammed bin Salman and the Paradox of Saudi Reforms |url=https://www.insightturkey.com/review-article/the-changing-contours-of-saudi-arabia-mohammed-bin-salman-and-the-paradox-of-saudi-reforms |journal=Insight Turkey |language=tr |volume=23 |pages=253–261 |doi=10.25253/99.2021233.13 |s2cid=244248052 |url-access=subscription |article-number=https://www.insightturkey.com/}}</ref> pamoja na kuanza kuondoa marufuku kali ya pombe ambayo hapo awali ilikuwa kali na kuruhusu uuzaji wa pombe kwa baadhi ya wahamiaji wa zamani na wanadiplomasia. Maisha ya kila siku yanatawaliwa na uzingatiaji wa Kiislamu. Mara tano kila siku, Waislamu huitwa kusali kutoka kwenye minara ya misikiti iliyotawanyika kote nchini. Kwa sababu Ijumaa ndiyo siku takatifu zaidi kwa Waislamu, wikendi huwa ni Ijumaa hadi Jumamosi. <ref>"Weekend shift: A welcome change", SaudiGazette.com.sa, June 24, 2013 {{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method%3Dhome.regcon%26contentid%3D20130624171030|title=Weekend shift: A welcome change &#124; Front Page &#124; Saudi Gazette|accessdate=October 28, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029175552/http://www.saudigazette.com.sa/index.cfm?method=home.regcon&contentid=20130624171030|archivedate=October 29, 2014}}</ref> Kwa mujibu wa mafundisho ya Kiislamu, ni sikukuu mbili tu za kidini, ''[[Idd el Fitr|Eid al-Fitr]]'' na ''[[Idd el Hajj|Eid al-Adha]]'', <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What Holidays Do Muslims Celebrate?|url=https://www.learnreligions.com/what-holidays-do-muslims-celebrate-2004366|accessdate=2025-02-15|work=Learn Religions|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> zilizotambuliwa hadharani, hadi 2006 wakati sikukuu isiyo ya kidini, sikukuu ya kitaifa ya [[Siku ya Kitaifa ya Saudia|Septemba 23]] (ambayo inaadhimisha umoja wa ufalme ) ilipoanzishwa tena. <ref name="lacey-267">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://archive.org/details/insidekingdomkin00lace_0|title=Inside the Kingdom: Kings, Clerics, Modernists, Terrorists, and the Struggle for Saudi Arabia|last=Lacey|first=Robert|date=2009|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0-670-02118-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/insidekingdomkin00lace_0/page/267 267]|quote="... for decades the sheikhs successfully resisted attempts to add September 23 to the shortlist of official holidays. But with the accession of [King] Abdullah, the battlefield changed. If the king wanted a holiday, the king could grant it, and whatever the clerics might mutter, the people approved. Since 2006 the night of September 23 has become an occasion for national mayhem in Saudi Arabia, the streets blocked with green-flag-waving cars, many of them sprayed with green foam for the night.|url-access=registration}}</ref> Kuhusu mahusiano ya kijinsia, kanuni za Saudi Arabia zilikuwa zikizuia mchanganyiko huru usio wa kifamilia kati ya jinsia tofauti. Ingawa harusi na matukio mengine mengi hutenganishwa na jinsia, ni kawaida kuona mchanganyiko usio wa kifamilia kati ya jinsia ukitokea hadharani katika matukio ya kazini, karamu za chakula cha jioni, migahawa na mengineyo. ==Historia== Eneo la Saudi Arabia ya kisasa hapo awali lilikuwa na maeneo manne tofauti ya kihistoria: Hejaz, Najd na sehemu za Arabia ya Mashariki (Al-Ahsa), na Kusini mwa Arabia ('Asir). Ilianzishwa mwaka [[1932]] na Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, anayejulikana pia kama Ibn Saud katika nchi za Magharibi. Abdulaziz aliunganisha maeneo hayo manne kuwa jimbo moja kupitia mfululizo wa ushindi ulioanza mwaka [[1902]] na kutekwa kwa Riyadh, makao ya mababu ya familia yake. Saudi Arabia imekuwa utawala wa kifalme uliotawaliwa kwa misingi ya Kiislamu tangu wakati huo. Saudi Arabia wakati mwingine huitwa "Nchi ya Misikiti Miwili Mitakatifu", ikirejelea Al-Masjid al-Haram (huko Makka) na Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (huko Madina), sehemu mbili takatifu zaidi katika [[Uislamu]]. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Saudia]] [[Jamii:utamaduni nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] fv14yezaj3ajtc85tc5028rr99elzro 0 231184 1540799 1521680 2026-05-12T07:04:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wendy Law-Yone''' ({{IPA|my|lɔ́ jòʊɰ̃}}; amezaliwa 1947) ni mwandishi wa Kimarekani mwenye asili ya Myanmar anayesifiwa sana na wakosoaji wa fasihi. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake kama ''A Daughter's Memoir of Burma'' (Columbia University Press, 2014), ''Golden Parasol'' (Chatto & Windus, 2013), ''The Road to Wanting'' (Chatto & Windus, 2010), ''Irrawaddy Tango'' (Knopf, 1994), na ''The Coffin Tree'' (Knopf, 1983). == Wasifu == Ni binti wa mchapishaji wa magazeti, mhariri na mwanasiasa mashuhuri wa Myanmar Edward Michael Law-Yone, Law-Yone alizaliwa katika Mandalay lakini alikulia [[Rangoon]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Huang |first=Guiyou |title=The Columbia Guide to Asian American Literature Since 1945 |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-231-12620-4 |page=136}}</ref> Asili yake ni mchanganyiko, ambapo babu mmoja alikuwa mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Yunnan]] na mwingine alikuwa afisa wa kikoloni kutoka [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research |url=[http://web.soas.ac.uk/burma/2.1%20pdf%20files/2.1%2012%20back%20matter.pdf](http://web.soas.ac.uk/burma/2.1%20pdf%20files/2.1%2012%20back%20matter.pdf) |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=5 |date=Spring 2004 |issn=1479-8484 |publisher=[[School of Oriental and African Studies]], [[University of London]] |access-date=2008-10-12 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Law-Yone amesema kuwa yeye ni “nusu Mbamar, robo Mchina wa Burma, na robo Mwingereza”. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Myanmar]] tka567b2qpvex6q4uyblj3poqxygren 0 231281 1540534 1530789 2026-05-11T17:57:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jean-François Millet (II) 001.jpg|thumb|[[Malaika wa Bwana|Angelus]], [[mchoro]] wa [[Jean-François Millet]], 1857-1859, ukionyesha [[mume]] na [[mke]] waliosimama kulima ili kusali.]] '''Sala ya sauti''' ni aina ya [[sala]] inayomfanya [[binadamu]] awasiliane na [[Mungu]] kwa maneno aliyotunga wakati huohuo, au aliyokariri au aliyoimbwa, akitumia [[mwili]] pamoja na [[roho]] kutokeza [[hisia]] zake za ndani. Anaweza kutumia sala maarufu kama [[Baba yetu|Baba Yetu]], au maneno mengine ya [[Biblia]] (hasa [[Kitabu cha Zaburi|Zaburi]]) na ya [[Liturgia|liturujia]] (hasa [[Liturujia ya Vipindi]]), au ya kwake binafsi, ambayo yote yanaweza kusikika au la, akijitahidi yatoke [[moyo|moyoni]], si [[Kinywa|mdomoni]] tu. Anaweza pia kusali hivyo pamoja na waumini wenzake (sala ya pamoja)<ref name=loyola>{{cite web|title=Expressions of Prayer|url=http://www.loyolapress.com/how-catholics-pray.htm|work=How Catholics Pray|publisher=Loyola Press|access-date=22 December 2012|archive-date=2016-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708090724/http://www.loyolapress.com/how-catholics-pray.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Katika [[Ukristo]] inasadikika kuwa [[Mwenyezi Mungu]] anasema na binadamu. Vilevile sala ya binadamu inajitokeza kwa maneno ya [[akili|akilini]] na ya [[midomo]] kadiri ya [[umbile]] lake kama [[umoja]] wa roho na mwili, unaomfanya ajisikie haja ya kutokeza miguso yake. Akisali kwa utu wake wote [[dua]] yake ina nguvu kubwa iwezekanavyo. [[Yesu]] mwenyewe alisali si kwa maneno ya liturujia ya [[Uyahudi]] tu, bali alitamka pengine kwa [[sauti]] kubwa sala yake binafsi, kuanzia aliposhangilia [[Mungu Baba|Baba]] hata alipofadhaika kwenye [[Getsemane]]. [[Mwanafunzi|Wanafunzi]] wake walipovutiwa na sala yake ya [[kimya]] na kumuomba awafundishe kusali, Yesu aliwapa sala ya midomo maarufu kwa maneno yake ya kwanza "Baba Yetu". Hivyo sala ya sauti ni sehemu ya lazima ya [[maisha ya kiroho]]. Tena, kwa kuwa ni ya nje na ya kibinadamu hasa, sala ya sauti ni sala ya kufaa [[umati]] kwa namna ya pekee. Lakini hata sala ya ndani zaidi haiwezi kutojali sala ya midomo. Sala ni ya ndani kadiri tunavyotambua "tunasema na nani" ([[Teresa wa Yesu]]). Hapo sala ya sauti inaelekea kuzama ndani ya Mungu. Kuhusu hilo, akimfuata Yesu, [[Yohane Krisostomo]] aliangalisha: "Sala yetu kusikilizwa kunategemea umotomoto wa roho zetu, sio wingi wa maneno." ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * [[s:The Catholic's pocket prayer-book|The Catholic's pocket prayer-book]] (1899) * [[s:Prayers and meditations on the life of Christ|Prayers and meditations on the life of Christ]] by Thomas à Kempis (1908) * [[s:Meditations For Every Day In The Year|Meditations For Every Day In The Year]] by Roger Baxter (1823) * [[s:The paradise of the Christian soul|The paradise of the Christian soul]] by Jacob Merlo Horstius (1877) * [[s:With God|With God: A Book of Prayers and Reflections]] by Francis Xavier Lasance (1911) * {{Cite Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Prayer |volume=12 |first=John Joseph |last=Wynne}} * {{cite book|chapter=[[s:The catechism of the Council of Trent/Part 4|Part 4: On Prayer]]|title=The catechism of the Council of Trent|year=1829|publisher=Lucas Brothers|translator=James Donovan}} {{mbegu-dini}} [[Jamii:sala]] ert1rgb8wbioxbktaghak3bv9l4umc9 0 231395 1540400 1539389 2026-05-11T13:55:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Kazi */ 1540400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | picha = Erick Sermon (9288240438)2.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Sermon akitumbuiza mnamo mwaka 2013 | jina = Erick Sermon | jina lingine = E Dub<br>E Double<br>Easy Erick<br>Erick Onasis<br>EMD<br>The Green-Eyed Bandit | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1968|11|25}} | chimbuko = [[Islip, New York]], Marekani | kazi = Rapa, mtayarishaji wa muziki | aina = {{hlist|[[Muziki wa Hip hop|Hip hop]]|[[East Coast hip hop]]}} | miaka ya kazi = 1987–sasa | studio = [[Fresh Records (US)|Fresh]]<br>[[Priority Records|Priority]]<br>[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]<br>[[DreamWorks Records|DreamWorks]]<br>[[J Records|J]]<br>[[Universal Records (defunct record label)|Universal]]<br>[[Caroline Records|Caroline]]<br>Funklord Productions | ameshirikiana na = [[EPMD]]<br>[[Hit Squad]]<br>[[Def Squad]] | wavuti = }} '''Erick Sermon''' (amezaliwa Novemba 25, 1968) ni rapa na mtayarishaji wa muziki kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kama mmoja wa wanachama watatu—akiwa pamoja na [[PMD (rapper)|Parrish Smith]] & [[DJ Scratch]]—wa kundi la hip hop la miaka ya 1980/1990 la [[EPMD]], na pia kwa kazi zake za utayarishaji.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/events/nightlife/2010/11/22/101122goni_GOAT_nightlife|title=Night Life : The New Yorker|date=November 19, 2010|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119053917/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/events/nightlife/2010/11/22/101122goni_GOAT_nightlife|archive-date=November 19, 2010 |access-date=May 23, 2016}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Erick Sermon alizaliwa mnamo Novemba 25, 1968, huko [[Bay Shore, New York|Bay Shore]] kwenye kisiwa cha [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Erick Sermon|url=http://rapaholic.blogspot.com/2007/01/erick-sermon.html|access-date=December 11, 2010|newspaper=Rapaholic|date=January 4, 2007}}</ref> == Kazi == Sermon alianza kazi kitaaluma mnamo mwaka 1986 kama mtayarishaji na msanii wa kundi la hip hop la EPMD. Alianza kurekodi albamu za peke yake (solo) chini ya lebo ya [[Def Jam]] mwaka 1993; mnamo mwaka 1997, alijiunga tena na EPMD. Mwaka uliofuata, Sermon, [[Keith Murray (rapper)|Murray]] na [[Redman (rapper)|Redman]] walirekodi wimbo wa marudio (cover) wa "[[Rapper's Delight]]" wa kundi la [[Sugarhill Gang]]. EPMD walivunjika kwa mara ya pili mnamo mwaka 1999.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/39838-Erick-Sermon?filter_anv=0&type=Credits|title=Erick Sermon (credits)|website=Discogs|access-date=May 23, 2016}}</ref> [[File:2004 NBA All-Star Jam Session - Erick Sermon.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Sermon kwenye tamasha la [[2004 NBA All-Star Game|2004 NBA All-Star Jam Session]]]] Mnamo mwaka 2000, Sermon alihamia [[J Records]], na akatoa albamu ya ''[[Music (Erick Sermon album)|Music]]'' mwaka uliofuata. Wimbo wa kwanza wa albamu hiyo, "Music", ulishirikisha sauti za marehemu [[Marvin Gaye]], ambazo Sermon anasemekana alizipata kutoka kwenye rekodi ambazo hazikuwahi kutolewa zilizopatikana katika duka dogo la rekodi huko London. "Music" ilikuja kuwa wimbo wa Sermon ulioshika nafasi ya juu zaidi, ukifikia namba 22 kwenye chati ya [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] na namba 2 kwenye chati ya R&B. Albamu ya pili ya Sermon chini ya J Records, ''[[React (Erick Sermon album)|React]]'', ilitolewa mwaka 2002. Wimbo uliabeba jina la albamu hiyo, "React", ulishika nafasi ya 36 kwenye Billboard Hot 100, lakini albamu hiyo haikuuza vizuri na Sermon akaondolewa kwenye lebo hiyo mwaka 2003. Katika mahojiano ya Juni 30, 2004 na ''[[HipHopDX.com]]'', Sermon alimwambia mwandishi wa habari za muziki [[Bayer Mack]], "Mambo hayakuwa sawa J Records. [[Clive Davis]] na wenzake hawaamini katika matangazo. Wakati Puffy alipokuwa na [[Bad Boy Records|Bad Boy]] pale [[Arista Records|Arista]], yeye ndiye alikuwa akifanya kazi zote za matangazo." Pia alieleza kuwa [[Busta Rhymes]] na [[Wyclef Jean]] walikuwa na matatizo kama hayo na J Records. Sermon aliendelea na kuanzisha nembo yake ya Def Squad chini ya [[Universal Records (defunct record label)|Universal Records]] na akatoa albamu yake ya sita ya kujitegemea, ''[[Chilltown, New York]]'', mnamo mwaka 2004. Albamu hiyo ilibebwa na wimbo "Feel It" (ambao ulikuwa na sampuli ya mwimbaji wa reggae/R&B [[Sean Paul]]), wimbo ambao ulipata mafanikio nchini Marekani. Katika mahojiano fulani, alieleza kuwa alikuwa anakusudia kukaa pembeni kidogo na kujaribu kuwasaidia wasanii wanaochipukia kupata nafasi. Hata hivyo, Sermon hajasimama kwenye [[tasnia ya muziki]], kwani alitayarisha wimbo wa "Goldmine" kwenye albamu ya [[Busta Rhymes]], ''[[The Big Bang (Busta Rhymes album)|The Big Bang]]'' mwaka 2006. Muda mfupi baadaye, Sermon alirekodi "Don't Make No Sense" akiwa na [[Def Squad]]. Pia alishirikiana na [[Redman (rapper)|Redman]] na kutayarisha nyimbo kadhaa kwenye albamu ya ''[[Red Gone Wild]]'' huku pia akionekana na mwanachama wa Def Squad, Keith Murray. Mapema mwaka 2008, Sermon na Smith walianzisha lebo yao ya rekodi iliyoitwa EP Records, ikisambazwa na RBS/Universal Music Group. Albamu ya saba ya EPMD, ''[[We Mean Business (album)|We Mean Business]]'', ilitoka Desemba 2008. Sermon alionekana kwenye kipindi cha mwisho cha ''[[Yo! MTV Raps]]'' katika sehemu ya freestyle iliyowashirikisha wasanii kama [[Rakim]], [[KRS-One]], [[Chubb Rock]], [[MC Serch]] na [[Craig Mack]]. Mnamo mwaka 2018, Sermon aliungana na [[Mr Cheeks]] wa kundi la [[Lost Boyz]] & mtangazaji Ryan Verneuille na kuwa mtayarishaji mkuu wa kipindi chao cha redio ya FM, "The Ryan Show". Sermon ni sehemu ya Bodi ya Washauri ya Wabunifu ya [[Tracklib]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.marketscreener.com/news/Tracklib-Launches-Today-Forever-Changing-the-Way-Music-is-Made--26323539/|title=Tracklib : Launches Today, Forever Changing the Way Music is Made|website=Marketscreener.com|language=en|access-date=September 5, 2019|author1=Marketscreener|archive-date=2019-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905131840/https://www.marketscreener.com/news/Tracklib-Launches-Today-Forever-Changing-the-Way-Music-is-Made--26323539/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya binafsi == Mnamo Septemba 25, 2001, Sermon alijeruhiwa alipoanguka kutoka ghorofa ya tatu ya jengo la makazi. Polisi walidai kuwa Sermon alijaribu kujiua, lakini yeye alidai kuwa lilikuwa ni ajali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/epmd-1378522|title=ERICK SERMON WINDOW JUMP TREATED AS ATTEMPTED SUICIDE|website=[[NME]]|date=October 3, 2001|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 12, 2011, alipatwa na shambulio la moyo, ambalo alipona.<ref>{{cite web|last=Markman |first=Rob |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1674407/erick-sermon-heart-attack-recall.jhtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116164406/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1674407/erick-sermon-heart-attack-recall.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 16, 2011 |title=Erick Sermon Recalls 'Pains' Before Heart Attack – Music, Celebrity, Artist News |website=[[MTV]] |date=November 15, 2011 |access-date=March 30, 2012}}</ref> == Diskografia == {{Main|Diskografia ya Erick Sermon|Diskografia ya utayarishaji wa Erick Sermon|l2=Diskografia ya utayarishaji}} {{See also|Diskografia ya EPMD}} ;Albamu za studio * ''[[No Pressure (Erick Sermon album)|No Pressure]]'' (1993) * ''[[Double or Nothing (Erick Sermon album)|Double or Nothing]]'' (1995) * ''[[Erick Onasis]]'' (2000) * ''[[Music (Erick Sermon album)|Music]]'' (2001) * ''[[React (Erick Sermon album)|React]]'' (2002) * ''[[Chilltown, New York]]'' (2004) * ''[[E.S.P. (Erick Sermon's Perception)]]'' (2015) * ''[[Vernia (album)|Vernia]]'' (2019) * ''Dynamic Duos'' (2025) ;Albamu za ushirikiano * ''[[El Niño (Def Squad album)|El Niño]]'' akiwa na Def Squad (1998) == Video za muziki == * ''[[Def Jam Fight For NY]]'' (2004) kama Yeye mwenyewe<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0426436/?ref_=nv_sr_1|title=Def Jam: Fight for NY IMDB Page|work=IMDB|date=September 20, 2004|access-date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> * ''[[Def Jam Fight for NY: The Takeover]]'' (2006) kama Yeye mwenyewe<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giantbomb.com/def-jam-fight-for-ny-the-takeover/3030-22083/characters/|title=Def Jam: Fight for NY: The Takeover|work=Giant Bomb|access-date=February 23, 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons category}} * {{allmusic}} * {{IMDb name|0785257}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Marapa wa Marekani]] ckk2ovqnetwvuz4eydw51oc5pnvanb1 0 231517 1540371 1531182 2026-05-11T13:27:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Pharoahe Monch | picha = Pharoahe Monch.png | background = solo_singer | jina la kuzaliwa = Troy Donald Jamerson | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1968|10|31}} | chimbuko = [[Queens]], [[New York City]], Marekani<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/monch-pharoahe|title=Pharoahe Monch|publisher=[[Encyclopedia.com]]|accessdate=June 17, 2024}}</ref> | aina = [[Hip-hop]] | kazi = {{hlist|Rapa|mwandishi wa nyimbo}} | miaka ya kazi = 1987–sasa | studio = {{hlist|[[INgrooves|W.A.R. Media, LLC]]|[[Rawkus Records|Rawkus]]}} | mwanachama_wa = [[Organized Konfusion]] }} '''Troy Donald Jamerson''' (amezaliwa Oktoba 31, 1968) anatambulika kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Pharoahe Monch.''' Ni rapa wa Marekani anayejulikana kwa mashairi yake magumu, uwasilishaji wa hali ya juu, na mtindo wa vina vya ndani na vya silabi nyingi.<ref name="howtorap327">Edwards, Paul, 2009, ''[[How to Rap]]: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC'', Chicago Review Press, p. 327.</ref> == Kazi == Monch alitoa albamu tatu akiwa mwanachama wa kundi la rapu la [[Organized Konfusion]] akiwa na mwenzake Prince Poetry: Albamu iliyopewa jina la kundi ''[[Organized Konfusion (album)|Organized Konfusion]]'', ''[[Stress: The Extinction Agenda]]'' na ''[[The Equinox (album)|The Equinox]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jost |first1=Matt |title=Ranking Pharoahe Monch's Albums |url=https://hiphopgoldenage.com/list/ranking-pharoahe-monchs-albums/ |website=Hip Hop Golden Age |date=September 1, 2021 |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref> Wawili hao walitayarisha sehemu kubwa ya albamu hizo wenyewe, hususan katika albamu yao ya kwanza ambapo wanatajwa kuhusika na karibu nyimbo zote.<ref>{{cite web |title=Organized Konfusion – Organized Konfusion Credits |url=https://www.discogs.com/master/82113-Organized-Konfusion-Organized-Konfusion |website=[[Discogs]] |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Organized Konfusion – The Equinox |url=https://timeisillmatic.me/2025/11/18/organized-konfusion-the-equinox-september-23-1997/ |website=Time Is Illmatic |date=November 18, 2025 |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref> Albamu zote zilipokelewa vyema na wakosoaji, lakini mauzo yalikuwa ya wastani kutokana na ukosefu wa matangazo kutoka kwa studio zao.<ref>{{cite web |title=50 Years of Hip-Hop: 1994 – Organized Konfusion - "Stress" |url=https://www.kexp.org/read/2023/1/11/50-years-of-hip-hop-organized-konfusion-stress/ |website=[[KEXP-FM|KEXP]] |date=January 11, 2023 |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref> Kutokana na hali hiyo, wawili hao walitengana baada ya kurekodi albamu yao ya mwisho ''The Equinox'' mnamo 1997, wakitaja kutoridhishwa na tasnia ya muziki na hamu ya kuhifadhi heshima yao kabla ya "kuzikwa" na ukosefu wa usaidizi wa kibiashara.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Golden Age Thursday: Organized Konfusion's Dark Sonics & Hypnotic Wordplay Shine Via "Numbers" |url=https://glidemagazine.com/306798/golden-age-thursday-organized-konfusions-dark-sonics-hypnotic-wordplay-shine-via-numbers-live-1997/ |magazine=Glide Magazine |date=October 16, 2024 |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref> Tangu wakati huo, Prince Poetry amejikita zaidi kwenye kazi zake binafsi na amekuwa akikanusha uwezekano wa kundi hilo kuungana tena moja kwa moja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Organized Konfusion "Stress: The Extinction Agenda" (1994) |url=https://www.hiphopnostalgia.com/2014/06/organized-konfusion-stress-extinction.html |website=Hip-Hop Nostalgia |date=June 2014 |access-date=May 3, 2026}}</ref> Baadaye, Pharoahe Monch alisaini mkataba na [[Rawkus Records]], studio inayojitegemea (indie label). Baada ya kushirikishwa kwenye albamu kadhaa kama vile mkusanyiko wa Rawkus uliouza sana wa ''[[Soundbombing II]]'', Monch alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ya binafsi iliyosubiriwa kwa hamu, ''[[Internal Affairs (Pharoahe Monch album)|Internal Affairs]]'', mnamo 1999. Wimbo wa kwanza wa albamu hiyo, "[[Simon Says (Pharoahe Monch song)|Simon Says]]", ukawa maarufu sana, ukishika nafasi ya 97 kwenye chati za [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]. Licha ya mafanikio hayo, wimbo huo ulizua utata wakati Monch aliposhtakiwa kwa kutumia kionjo (sampuli) bila ruhusa kutoka kwa wimbo wa Akira Ifukube "Gojira Tai Mosura", ambao ulikuwa wimbo mkuu wa filamu ya mwaka 1992 ya ''[[Godzilla vs. Mothra]]''. Hii ilisababisha usambazaji wa albamu yake kusitishwa. Baada ya utata huo, Pharoahe hakutoa mradi mwingine wa binafsi kwa miaka kadhaa, lakini aliendelea kutoa nyimbo na kushirikishwa na wasanii wengine. Mnamo mwaka 2000, alishirikiana na [[Mos Def]] na [[Nate Dogg]] kwenye wimbo maarufu "[[Oh No (Mos Def and Pharoahe Monch song)|Oh No]]" kutoka kwenye albamu ya mkusanyiko ya Rawkus ya ''[[Lyricist Lounge 2]]''. Alichangia wimbo "Fuck You" kwenye kionjo cha filamu ya [[Training Day (soundtrack)|''Training Day'']] mnamo 2001 na kurap wimbo mkuu wa mchezo wa [[Madden NFL 2002]]. Pia alishiriki kwenye wimbo "Last Dayz" kwenye albamu ya Adam F ya mwaka 2001 ''[[Kaos: The Anti-Acoustic Warfare]]''. Mnamo 2002, alishirikishwa na [[Mike Shinoda]] kwenye wimbo wa "H! Vltg3" ambao ni marudio (remix) ya wimbo "High Voltage" kutoka kwa kundi la [[Linkin Park]]. Mnamo 2003, Pharoahe alitoa wimbo wake wa mwisho kupitia Rawkus Records, "Agent Orange". Katika miaka ya mapema ya 2000, alikuwa mwanachama wa kundi la [[Spitkicker]] akiwa na wasanii kama [[De La Soul]], [[Talib Kweli]], na [[Dave Chappelle]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=October 2006 |title=Spit Happens |url=http://www.spitkicker.com/spit_5_1/spit_5_1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070723095713/http://www.spitkicker.com/spit_5_1/spit_5_1.pdf |archive-date=July 23, 2007 |access-date=December 26, 2024 |work=Spit |pages=18–19 |volume=5 |issue=1}}</ref> Kuna tetesi kuwa albamu yake iliyofuata, ambayo awali ilipewa jina la ''Innervisions'', ilitakiwa kutolewa chini ya lebo mpya ya [[Denaun Porter]] ya Runyon Ave iliyokuwa chini ya [[Shady Records]]. Walimtafuta Stevie Wonder na kuanza mchakato wa kurekodi,<ref>{{cite web|title=Hip Hop Icons Series: Pharoahe Monch|url=http://halftimeonline.net/blog/monch/|publisher=Halftimeonline.net|access-date=14 June 2013}}</ref> lakini makubaliano hayo hayakufanikiwa; baadaye Monch alitangaza makubaliano na [[Street Records Corporation]]. Mnamo Desemba 19, 2006, Pharoahe Monch alitoa mixtape yake ya kwanza na ya pekee rasmi, ''The Awakening''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nahright.com/news/2006/12/19/pharoahe-monch-the-awakening |title=Pharoahe Monch – The Awakening |publisher=Nah Right |date=2006-12-19 |access-date=2012-04-17}}</ref> Mnamo Juni 2007, alitoa albamu yake ya pili ya binafsi ''[[Desire (Pharoahe Monch album)|Desire]]'' ambayo ilisifiwa sana na wakosoaji. Monch alisema kuhusu albamu hiyo: "...ina hisia sana, ina mwelekeo wa [[Gospel music|injili]], ni sauti mpya na ya kisasa kwangu." Wimbo kiongozi ulikuwa "Push". Mnamo Machi 2011, alitoa albamu yake ya tatu ''[[W.A.R. (We Are Renegades)]]''. Ilishirikisha wasanii kama [[Jill Scott (singer)|Jill Scott]], [[Styles P]], [[Jean Grae]], na [[Royce da 5'9"]].<ref name="okayplayer.com">{{cite web |author=shamz on January 21, 2011 |url=http://www.okayplayer.com/news/audio-pharoahe-monch-clap-one-day-feat-showtyme-dj-boogie-blind.html |title=Audio: Pharoahe Monch "Clap (One Day)" feat. Showtyme & DJ Boogie Blind « Okayplayer |publisher=okayplayer.com |date=2011-01-21 |access-date=2012-04-17 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201080802/http://www.okayplayer.com/news/audio-pharoahe-monch-clap-one-day-feat-showtyme-dj-boogie-blind.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alieleza kuwa albamu hiyo ni "rejeo la hip-hop ya mwaka 1993, '94". Mnamo Aprili 15, 2014, alitoa albamu yake ya nne, ''[[PTSD (Pharoahe Monch album)|PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder]]'', chini ya lebo yake inayojitegemea, W.A.R. Media. Albamu hiyo ni muendelezo wa fikra kutoka kwa albamu yake ya tatu. Mnamo 2019, Pharoahe aliunda kundi la rap-rock lililoitwa th1rt3en, akishirikiana na mpiga gitaa Marcus Machado na mpiga ngoma [[Daru Jones]]. Albamu yao ya kwanza ''A Magnificent Day for an Exorcism'' ilitolewa mnamo Januari 22, 2021. == Mtindo wa kurap == Pharoahe Monch anasifiwa kwa mbinu yake tata ya kurap;<ref name = howtorap327/> [[AllMusic]] inasema ana "sifa kama mmoja wa waandishi wa mashairi mashuhuri wa [[underground hip-hop]], akitengeneza rapu zenye akili na zilizosukwa kwa ustadi."<ref>{{cite web|title=Pharoahe Monch|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/pharoahe-monch-p380987|work=AllMusic|publisher=Rovi Corporation|access-date=21 May 2012|author=Steve Huey|year=2012}}</ref> [[Kool Moe Dee]] anamweka katika nafasi ya 26 kwenye orodha ya ma-MC bora wa muda wote.<ref name="KMD147">Kool Moe Dee, 2003, ''[[There's A God On The Mic]]: The True 50 Greatest MCs'', Thunder's Mouth Press, p.147.</ref> Licha ya kusumbuliwa na ugonjwa wa pumu (pumu sugu) tangu akiwa na umri wa miezi kumi na mitatu,<ref>{{cite web |title=Pharoahe Monch Discusses Chronic Asthma, New "Still Standing" Video |url=https://www.xxlmag.com/pharoahe-monch-discusses-chronic-asthma-new-still-standing-video/ |website=XXL |access-date=30 May 2022 |date=7 February 2012}}</ref> Monch aligundua njia mpya na za kiubunifu za kuwasilisha mashairi yake. Alieleza kuwa pumu ilimlazimisha kuvuka mipaka katika udhibiti wa pumzi, na kutengeneza mbinu ambayo "asingeijaribu kama asingekuwa na pumu."<ref>{{cite web |title=Pharoahe Monch Talks Asthma and Rap Delivery |url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.15682/title.pharoahe-monch-talks-asthma-and-rap-delivery |website=HipHopDX |access-date=30 May 2022 |date=22 June 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Uwasilishaji wake wa sauti umechochewa na muziki wa [[Jazz]] na wanamuziki kama [[John Coltrane]].<ref>Edwards, Paul, 2009, ''[[How to Rap]]: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC'', Chicago Review Press, p. 255-256.</ref> == Diskografia == [[File:Pharoahe Monch Appelsap.JPG|thumbnail|right|Pharoahe Monch mnamo 2009.]] === Albamu za binafsi === * ''[[Internal Affairs (Pharoahe Monch album)|Internal Affairs]]'' (1999) * ''[[Desire (Pharoahe Monch album)|Desire]]'' (2007) * ''[[W.A.R. (We Are Renegades)]]'' (2011) * ''[[PTSD (Pharoahe Monch album)|PTSD: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder]]'' (2014) * ''External Affairs'' (TBA)<ref> {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lU3lGsvb38 |title=Pharoahe Monch - External Affairs |website=www.youtube.com/@PharoaheMonchtv |date=July 27, 2023 |access-date=November 9, 2023}} </ref> === Albamu za kundi === * ''[[Organized Konfusion (album)|Organized Konfusion]]'' (1991) <small>(akiwa na [[Prince Po]] kama [[Organized Konfusion]])</small> * ''[[Stress: The Extinction Agenda]]'' (1994) <small>(akiwa na Prince Po kama Organized Konfusion)</small> * ''[[The Equinox (album)|The Equinox]]'' (1997) <small>(akiwa na Prince Po kama Organized Konfusion)</small> * ''A Magnificent Day for an Exorcism'' (2021) <small>(akiwa na th1rt3en)</small><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/a-magnificent-day-for-an-exorcism/1548141477?uo=2|title=th1rt3en & Pharoahe Monch - A Magnificent Day for an Exorcism|publisher=Itunes.apple.com.|access-date=2021-01-22}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *{{official website|http://www.pharoahe.com/}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Monch, Pharoahe}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Marapa wa Marekani]] 546x6avdbiqj87eyrlorgz4bkd1wua8 0 231518 1540454 1531055 2026-05-11T14:47:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540454 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishaq Usman Bello''' (alizaliwa [[5 Januari]] [[1956]]) ni [[mwanasheria]] na hakimu kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Yeye ni Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Shirikisho la Eneo la Mji Mkuu wa Shirikisho (FCT), Abuja. Pia alikuwa mteuliwa wa Nigeria kwa uchaguzi wa mahakama wa mwaka 2020 wa International Criminal Court, iliyoko The Hague, Netherlands. Anajulikana zaidi kwa juhudi zake za kupunguza msongamano wa magereza nchini Nigeria, ambapo alishiriki katika mageuzi ya mfumo wa magereza unaojulikana sasa kama “correctional facilities”.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=National Judicial Council|url=https://njc.gov.ng/council/profile/19|website=njc.gov.ng|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128135255/https://njc.gov.ng/council/profile/19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hon. Justice I.U. Bello|url=http://www.fcthighcourt.gov.ng/team/hon-justice-u-bello/|website=FCT High Court|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218141050/http://www.fcthighcourt.gov.ng/team/hon-justice-u-bello/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Nigeria]] 2d30g6tkxya7qjfws1epsvbn0es29aw 0 231568 1540428 1531196 2026-05-11T14:12:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susana Chávez Castillo''' (5 Novemba 1974 – takriban 6 Januari 2011) alikuwa mshairi na mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu kutoka [[Meksiko]], aliyezaliwa na kuishi sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake katika mji wa [[Ciudad Juárez]].<ref name="bbc.obituary">{{cite news|url=[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12177543|title=Juarez](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-12177543|title=Juarez) killings activist Chavez murdered in Mexico|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=January 28, 2011|date=January 12, 2011}}</ref> Anahusishwa na kubuni kauli mbiu “Si mmoja zaidi” (Kihispania: ''Ni una muerta más''), ambayo ilitumiwa na mashirika ya haki za kiraia na wafuasi wao katika kupinga mauaji ya wanawake yaliyokuwa yakitokea katika [[Ciudad Juárez]] tangu mwaka 1993, yakilenga hasa wanawake. Alipatikana ameuawa na mwili wake kuharibiwa katika eneo la “Colonia Cuauhtémoc” ndani ya mji wa Juárez, ambako ndipo alizaliwa na kuishi maisha yake mengi. Utambulisho rasmi wa mwili wake ulithibitishwa tarehe 11 Januari 2011. Alikuwa na umri wa miaka 36. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|2011}} [[Jamii:Washairi wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Meksiko]] 6g67jlbn0scts1u74iek0xnzps8ckq6 0 231821 1540710 1533865 2026-05-12T01:39:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teresa Baker''' ni mwanaharakati wa utofauti wa kitamaduni katika shughuli za nje, mwandishi, na mwanzilishi wa mashirika kadhaa, likiwemo la hivi karibuni la In Solidarity Project, shirika lililoundwa kuongeza utofauti na ujumuishaji katika mazingira ya nje kwa kushirikiana na makampuni ya sekta ya shughuli za nje na viongozi wake wakuu.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=In Solidarity Project|url=https://www.insolidarityproject.com/|access-date=2021-04-13|website=In Solidarity Project|language=en-US}}</ref> Pia ni mwanzilishi wa mipango mingine kadhaa inayolenga kuongeza utofauti na ujumuishaji katika shughuli za nje, ikiwa ni pamoja na African American Nature and Parks Experience, ambayo huandaa tukio la kila mwaka la African American National Park Event,<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2018-07-10|title=Teresa Baker, Activist and Hiker, on Why Kids Are the Future of Our Public Lands|url=https://www.audubon.org/magazine/summer-2018/teresa-baker-activist-and-hiker-why-kids-are|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Audubon|language=en}}</ref> pamoja na tukio la kila mwaka la Hike Like a Girl.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hike Like A Girl 2019|url=http://www.jamcollective.net/latest/2019/4/26/hike-like-a-girl-2019|access-date=2021-04-13|website=JAM Collective|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Baker alikulia katika [[Richmond, California|Richmond]], [[California]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-10-12 |title=Outdoor Allies: Teresa Baker |url=https://www.outdooralliance.org/blog/2021/10/12/outdoor-allies-teresa-baker |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=Outdoor Alliance |language=en-US}}</ref> ambako alitumia muda mwingi nje akicheza pamoja na ndugu zake.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|last=University|first=Santa Clara|title=Teresa Baker|url=https://www.scu.edu/environmental-ethics/environmental-activists-heroes-and-martyrs/teresa-baker.html|access-date=2021-04-13|website=www.scu.edu|language=en}}</ref> Kadiri miaka ilivyopita alianza kuelewa athari chanya ya kuwa katika mazingira ya nje katika maisha yake, jambo lililomjengea hisia ya uwajibikaji kwa mazingira. Ingawa Baker alianza kupenda shughuli za nje tangu akiwa mtoto huko California, alieleza kuwa, "Upendo wangu kwa mazingira ya nje na wanyama ulikuja kwa asili."<ref name=":3" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] fnyobgbt339iq3diaqxkjnfhuseoduk 0 231841 1540386 1539342 2026-05-11T13:44:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Conrad Prebys''' ([[Agosti 20]], [[1933]] – [[Julai 24]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], mhandisi wa mali zisizohamishika na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]] aliyeishi [[San Diego, California]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Conrad Prebys |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Prebys |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref> Alihamia San Diego mwaka 1965 na alianzisha ''Progress Construction''. Alinunua mshirika wake mwaka [[1980]]. Kufikia [[2015]], Progress Management ya Prebys ilimiliki majengo 81 katika eneo la San Diego na utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sdbj.com/news/2016/jul/25/prominent-san-diego-philanthropist-conrad-prebys-d/|title=Prominent San Diego Philanthropist Conrad Prebys Dies|last=Hirsh|first=Lou|date=July 25, 2016|work=San Diego Business Journal|access-date=31 July 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] lnzvsccis7j51dg0unstxyz6hli2uta 0 232125 1540381 1539312 2026-05-11T13:41:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''C. Edward McVaney''' ([[Desemba 29]], [[1940]] – [[Juni 4]], [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[1977]], alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza na akawa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''JD Edwards Corporation'', kampuni ya ''Enterprise Resource Planning''. Mnamo Juni [[2003]], JD Edwards ilipangwa kununuliwa na ''PeopleSoft'' kwa dola bilioni 1.8<ref>{{cite web|title=McVaney, C. Edward "Ed"|url=https://omaha.com/obituaries/mcvaney-c-edward-ed/article_eca0ef72-66af-543e-977c-a789c8337f9a.html|website=Omaha.com|date=10 June 2020 |publisher=Omaha Herald|access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] 88luht0nuc04nxfzgq5m8mplz1qu1lu 0 232366 1540727 1536791 2026-05-12T02:26:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Stephen Monaghan''' (alizaliwa [[Machi 25]], [[1937]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha ''Domino's Pizza'' mwaka [[1960]]. Pia anamiliki ''Domino's Farms Office Park'' huko Ann Arbor Charter Township, [[Michigan]], na alimiliki timu ya ''Detroit Tigers'' ya ''Major League Baseball'' kuanzia [[1983]] hadi [[1992]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Managhan - Domino's Pizza |url=http://www.giantsforgod.com/tom-monaghan-dominos-pizza/ |website=www.giantsforgod.com|access-date=March 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Monaghan |url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/197674 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en |date=October 10, 2008|access-date=March 16, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Daszkowski |first1=Don |title=Learn All About Tom Monaghan, Founder of Domino's Pizza |url=https://www.thebalancesmb.com/tom-monaghan-biography-1350964 |website=The Balance Small Business |language=en |access-date=March 16, 2019 |archive-date=2018-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701055137/https://www.thebalancesmb.com/tom-monaghan-biography-1350964 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Monaghan Facts |url=http://biography.yourdictionary.com/tom-monaghan |website=biography.yourdictionary.com|access-date=March 16, 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mzibn0134ut0qis23dqxfzia3ertqy5 0 232576 1540394 1539373 2026-05-11T13:52:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eiling Kramer''' ([[14 Julai]] [[1914]] – [[5 Mei]] [[1999]]) alikuwa mnadaji (auctioneer), mfugaji wa ranchi, na [[mwanasiasa]] katika jimbo la Saskatchewan nchini [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa mwaka 1914 katika Highworth katika eneo la North Battleford, akiwa mtoto wa Minne Dowe Kramer na Jacobina Kopinga. Baada ya kusoma huko Highworth, alifanya kazi mbalimbali kabla ya kununua ranchi na kuanza kufuga ng’ombe. Mwaka 1944 alimuoa Dorothy Johnston. Baadaye, mwaka 1949 alianzisha biashara ya mnada (auctioneering). Mwaka 1950 alisaidia kuanzisha Saskatchewan Farmers' Union na alihudumu kama makamu wa rais wake kwa miaka miwili. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1999]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kanada]] hgrqn95cyqjr6s7qoe5wd7hxaiaof1a 0 232588 1540348 1538395 2026-05-11T12:40:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Patty Bonet (born 1984) in the video Presentación de Loves.png|thumb|Katika makala fupi aliandika na kuiongoza CEU mnamo [[2016]]]] '''Patty Bonet''' (alizaliwa [[21 Novemba]] [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi wa habari]] na mtangazaji wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Akiwa amezaliwa na [[ualbino]], Patty Bonet amekuwa mmoja wa watetezi wanaojulikana katika kuhamasisha uelewa kuhusu ualbino, ulemavu na umuhimu wa ujumuishaji katika tasnia ya burudani na vyombo vya habari.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bouiali|first=Miriam|title=Patty Bonet: de una obra de Chéjov a una película de Netflix|trans-title=Patty Bonet: from a Chekhov play to a Netflix movie|url=https://www.levante-emv.com/cultura/2024/10/14/patty-bonet-obra-chejov-pelicula-109457066.html|website=Levante-EMV|language=es|date=14 October 2024|access-date=24 July 2025}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Villacastín|first=Ángeles|title=Patty Bonet: «Mi perro Pirulo me ha salvado. Llegó tras la muerte de mi madre»|trans-title=Patty Bonet: "My dog Pirulo has saved me. He came after my mother's death"|url=https://www.abc.es/gente/patty-bonet-perro-pirulo-salvado-llego-tras-20230623132101-nt.html|website=ABC|language=es|date=23 June 2023|access-date=24 July 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania]] 95jaymptl50ai4eckta9l2c62sw8jqz 0 232616 1540844 1538037 2026-05-12T08:53:17Z ~2026-28689-32 89263 Makazi 1540844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nyanzi Martin Luther | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2009|12|5}} | birth_place = Nsangi Hospital, Uganda | nationality = Uganda | occupation = Mfanyabiashara, Mwanaharakati wa vijana, Mtangazaji wa kidijitali, Mwanamuziki | known_for = Mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Apex Media Services | education = Kisozi High School |residence=Wakiso|signature=nyanzimartinluther}} '''Nyanzi Martin Luther''' (alizaliwa 5 Desemba 2009) ni mfanyabiashara, mwanaharakati wa vijana, mtangazaji wa kidijitali na mwanamuziki kutoka Uganda. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa '''Apex Media Services''', kampuni ya media inayomiliki vituo vya redio na huduma za utangazaji nchini Uganda.<ref>https://thekenyatimes.com/east-africa/nyanzi-calls-for-death-penalty/</ref><ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="MusicInAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther |website=Music In Africa |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="WorldPulse">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther: Ugandan Media Entrepreneur and Youth Advocate |url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/nyanzi-martin-luther-ugandan-media-entrepreneur-and-youth-advocate-75367 |website=World Pulse |date=24 Februari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nyanzi alizaliwa katika Hospitali ya Nsangi, Uganda, na alilelewa mjini Kampala. Wazazi wake ni Joan Vumilia na Ssekaayi Simon. Ana ndugu wawili: Nakaayi Dorcus na Nabagulanyi Patricia.<ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther Biography,Family,Early Life & Education |url=https://bossipafrica.com/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-early-life-education-family/ |website=Bossip Africa |date=2 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Alisoma katika shule mbalimbali za msingi, ikiwemo St. Anne Junior School, Upendo Christian School, God’s Hands Junior School Buddo, na MK International School huko Busega, ambapo alipata alama 13 katika mtihani wa Primary Leaving Examinations (PLE). Hivi sasa anasoma katika shule ya sekondari ya Kisozi High School.<ref name="Watchdog">{{cite web |title=Profile | Rising youth entrepreneur Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/business/ceos-entrepreneurs/20260111/187626/profile-rising-youth-entrepreneur-nyanzi-martin-luther.html |website=Watchdog Uganda |date=11 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica" /> == Kazi na biashara == Nyanzi alianza shughuli za media na ujasiriamali akiwa na umri mdogo. Ni mwanzilishi wa Apex Media Services, kampuni inayomiliki vituo kama Block FM 103.2, NUP Radio (mtandaoni) na Homeboyz Radio Uganda 106.2 FM.<ref name="MusicInAfrica" /><ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17584305/ |website=IMDb |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Vilevile alianzisha Apex Digital Skills (ADS), shirika lisilo la faida linalolenga kuwapa vijana ustadi wa kidijitali na ujasiriamali, na Spark Media Uganda, wakala wa utayarishaji wa maudhui. Anaongoza National Association of Online Broadcasters and Publishers na anahusika katika kutetea mageuzi ya sera za media ya kidijitali.<ref name="Watchdog" /> Anahusika katika muziki kama mtunzi na DJ (anajulikana kama Deejay Blockboy), na nyimbo zake zinapatikana kwenye Spotify na majukwaa mengine.<ref name="Spotify">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/3JjK4UzxpChS14h8IgHqKw |website=Spotify |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Uanaharakati == Nyanzi ni mwanaharakati wa vijana na amewahi kuwasilisha maombi kwa bunge la Uganda kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu vijana na sekta ya media. Amewahi kuomba msaada wa kifedha ili kupanua mipango ya Apex Digital Skills.<ref name="PanAfricanVisions">{{cite web |title=Uganda: Youth Advocate Nyanzi Martin Luther Appeals for Financial Backing |url=https://panafricanvisions.com/2025/11/uganda-youth-advocate-nyanzi-martin-luther-appeals-for-financial-backing-to-expand-apex-digital-skills-initiative/ |website=Pan African Visions |date=3 Novemba 2025 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Anaitwa pia "Conqueror of the Legislature" katika baadhi ya duru kutokana na shughuli zake za kiraia. == Marejeleo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://ug.linkedin.com/in/nyanzi-martin-luther-1a36bb383 LinkedIn] * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther Music In Africa] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyanzi, Martin Luther}} [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2009]] byn4xba825x60taws8p172ejpetpf8w 1540914 1540844 2026-05-12T10:38:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nyanzi Martin Luther | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2009|12|5}} | birth_place = Nsangi Hospital, Uganda | nationality = Uganda | occupation = Mfanyabiashara, Mwanaharakati wa vijana, Mtangazaji wa kidijitali, Mwanamuziki | known_for = Mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Apex Media Services | education = Kisozi High School | residence=Wakiso |signature=nyanzimartinluther}} '''Nyanzi Martin Luther''' (alizaliwa 5 Desemba 2009) ni mfanyabiashara, mwanaharakati wa vijana, mtangazaji wa kidijiti na mwanamuziki kutoka Uganda. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa '''Apex Media Services''', kampuni ya media inayomiliki vituo vya redio na huduma za utangazaji nchini Uganda.<ref>https://thekenyatimes.com/east-africa/nyanzi-calls-for-death-penalty/</ref><ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="MusicInAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther |website=Music In Africa |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="WorldPulse">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther: Ugandan Media Entrepreneur and Youth Advocate |url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/nyanzi-martin-luther-ugandan-media-entrepreneur-and-youth-advocate-75367 |website=World Pulse |date=24 Februari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nyanzi alizaliwa katika Hospitali ya Nsangi, Uganda, na alilelewa mjini Kampala. Wazazi wake ni Joan Vumilia na Ssekaayi Simon. Ana ndugu wawili: Nakaayi Dorcus na Nabagulanyi Patricia.<ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther Biography,Family,Early Life & Education |url=https://bossipafrica.com/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-early-life-education-family/ |website=Bossip Africa |date=2 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Alisoma katika shule mbalimbali za msingi, ikiwemo St. Anne Junior School, Upendo Christian School, God’s Hands Junior School Buddo, na MK International School huko Busega, ambapo alipata alama 13 katika mtihani wa Primary Leaving Examinations (PLE). Hivi sasa anasoma katika shule ya sekondari ya Kisozi High School.<ref name="Watchdog">{{cite web |title=Profile | Rising youth entrepreneur Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/business/ceos-entrepreneurs/20260111/187626/profile-rising-youth-entrepreneur-nyanzi-martin-luther.html |website=Watchdog Uganda |date=11 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica" /> == Kazi na biashara == Nyanzi alianza shughuli za media na ujasiriamali akiwa na umri mdogo. Ni mwanzilishi wa Apex Media Services, kampuni inayomiliki vituo kama Block FM 103.2, NUP Radio (mtandaoni) na Homeboyz Radio Uganda 106.2 FM.<ref name="MusicInAfrica" /><ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17584305/ |website=IMDb |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Vilevile alianzisha Apex Digital Skills (ADS), shirika lisilo la faida linalolenga kuwapa vijana ustadi wa kidijitali na ujasiriamali, na Spark Media Uganda, wakala wa utayarishaji wa maudhui. Anaongoza National Association of Online Broadcasters and Publishers na anahusika katika kutetea mageuzi ya sera za media ya kidijitali.<ref name="Watchdog" /> Anahusika katika muziki kama mtunzi na DJ (anajulikana kama Deejay Blockboy), na nyimbo zake zinapatikana kwenye Spotify na majukwaa mengine.<ref name="Spotify">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/3JjK4UzxpChS14h8IgHqKw |website=Spotify |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Uanaharakati == Nyanzi ni mwanaharakati wa vijana na amewahi kuwasilisha maombi kwa bunge la Uganda kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu vijana na sekta ya media. Amewahi kuomba msaada wa kifedha ili kupanua mipango ya Apex Digital Skills.<ref name="PanAfricanVisions">{{cite web |title=Uganda: Youth Advocate Nyanzi Martin Luther Appeals for Financial Backing |url=https://panafricanvisions.com/2025/11/uganda-youth-advocate-nyanzi-martin-luther-appeals-for-financial-backing-to-expand-apex-digital-skills-initiative/ |website=Pan African Visions |date=3 Novemba 2025 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Anaitwa pia "Conqueror of the Legislature" katika baadhi ya duru kutokana na shughuli zake za kiraia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://ug.linkedin.com/in/nyanzi-martin-luther-1a36bb383 LinkedIn] * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther Music In Africa] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyanzi, Martin Luther}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2009]] iht4hg1e2m6hgp2c24seq1m80r0wgbe 1540915 1540914 2026-05-12T10:38:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Nyanzi Martin Luther (born 2009)]] hadi [[Nyanzi Martin Luther]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1540914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nyanzi Martin Luther | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2009|12|5}} | birth_place = Nsangi Hospital, Uganda | nationality = Uganda | occupation = Mfanyabiashara, Mwanaharakati wa vijana, Mtangazaji wa kidijitali, Mwanamuziki | known_for = Mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Apex Media Services | education = Kisozi High School | residence=Wakiso |signature=nyanzimartinluther}} '''Nyanzi Martin Luther''' (alizaliwa 5 Desemba 2009) ni mfanyabiashara, mwanaharakati wa vijana, mtangazaji wa kidijiti na mwanamuziki kutoka Uganda. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa '''Apex Media Services''', kampuni ya media inayomiliki vituo vya redio na huduma za utangazaji nchini Uganda.<ref>https://thekenyatimes.com/east-africa/nyanzi-calls-for-death-penalty/</ref><ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="MusicInAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther |website=Music In Africa |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="WorldPulse">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther: Ugandan Media Entrepreneur and Youth Advocate |url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/nyanzi-martin-luther-ugandan-media-entrepreneur-and-youth-advocate-75367 |website=World Pulse |date=24 Februari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nyanzi alizaliwa katika Hospitali ya Nsangi, Uganda, na alilelewa mjini Kampala. Wazazi wake ni Joan Vumilia na Ssekaayi Simon. Ana ndugu wawili: Nakaayi Dorcus na Nabagulanyi Patricia.<ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther Biography,Family,Early Life & Education |url=https://bossipafrica.com/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-early-life-education-family/ |website=Bossip Africa |date=2 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Alisoma katika shule mbalimbali za msingi, ikiwemo St. Anne Junior School, Upendo Christian School, God’s Hands Junior School Buddo, na MK International School huko Busega, ambapo alipata alama 13 katika mtihani wa Primary Leaving Examinations (PLE). Hivi sasa anasoma katika shule ya sekondari ya Kisozi High School.<ref name="Watchdog">{{cite web |title=Profile | Rising youth entrepreneur Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/business/ceos-entrepreneurs/20260111/187626/profile-rising-youth-entrepreneur-nyanzi-martin-luther.html |website=Watchdog Uganda |date=11 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica" /> == Kazi na biashara == Nyanzi alianza shughuli za media na ujasiriamali akiwa na umri mdogo. Ni mwanzilishi wa Apex Media Services, kampuni inayomiliki vituo kama Block FM 103.2, NUP Radio (mtandaoni) na Homeboyz Radio Uganda 106.2 FM.<ref name="MusicInAfrica" /><ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17584305/ |website=IMDb |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Vilevile alianzisha Apex Digital Skills (ADS), shirika lisilo la faida linalolenga kuwapa vijana ustadi wa kidijitali na ujasiriamali, na Spark Media Uganda, wakala wa utayarishaji wa maudhui. Anaongoza National Association of Online Broadcasters and Publishers na anahusika katika kutetea mageuzi ya sera za media ya kidijitali.<ref name="Watchdog" /> Anahusika katika muziki kama mtunzi na DJ (anajulikana kama Deejay Blockboy), na nyimbo zake zinapatikana kwenye Spotify na majukwaa mengine.<ref name="Spotify">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/3JjK4UzxpChS14h8IgHqKw |website=Spotify |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Uanaharakati == Nyanzi ni mwanaharakati wa vijana na amewahi kuwasilisha maombi kwa bunge la Uganda kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu vijana na sekta ya media. Amewahi kuomba msaada wa kifedha ili kupanua mipango ya Apex Digital Skills.<ref name="PanAfricanVisions">{{cite web |title=Uganda: Youth Advocate Nyanzi Martin Luther Appeals for Financial Backing |url=https://panafricanvisions.com/2025/11/uganda-youth-advocate-nyanzi-martin-luther-appeals-for-financial-backing-to-expand-apex-digital-skills-initiative/ |website=Pan African Visions |date=3 Novemba 2025 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Anaitwa pia "Conqueror of the Legislature" katika baadhi ya duru kutokana na shughuli zake za kiraia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://ug.linkedin.com/in/nyanzi-martin-luther-1a36bb383 LinkedIn] * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther Music In Africa] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyanzi, Martin Luther}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2009]] iht4hg1e2m6hgp2c24seq1m80r0wgbe 1540917 1540915 2026-05-12T10:39:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nyanzi Martin Luther | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2009|12|5}} | birth_place = Nsangi Hospital, Uganda | nationality = Uganda | occupation = Mfanyabiashara, Mwanaharakati wa vijana, Mtangazaji wa kidijitali, Mwanamuziki | known_for = Mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Apex Media Services | education = Kisozi High School | residence=Wakiso |signature=nyanzimartinluther}} '''Nyanzi Martin Luther''' (alizaliwa 5 Desemba 2009) ni mfanyabiashara, mwanaharakati wa vijana, mtangazaji wa kidijiti na mwanamuziki kutoka Uganda. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa ''Apex Media Services'', kampuni ya media inayomiliki vituo vya redio na huduma za utangazaji nchini Uganda.<ref>https://thekenyatimes.com/east-africa/nyanzi-calls-for-death-penalty/</ref><ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="MusicInAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther |website=Music In Africa |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="WorldPulse">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther: Ugandan Media Entrepreneur and Youth Advocate |url=https://www.worldpulse.org/story/nyanzi-martin-luther-ugandan-media-entrepreneur-and-youth-advocate-75367 |website=World Pulse |date=24 Februari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nyanzi alizaliwa katika Hospitali ya Nsangi, Uganda, na alilelewa mjini Kampala. Wazazi wake ni Joan Vumilia na Ssekaayi Simon. Ana ndugu wawili: Nakaayi Dorcus na Nabagulanyi Patricia.<ref>https://thenewlightpaper.co.ug/2026/04/29/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-education-career-and-future-ambitions/</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther Biography,Family,Early Life & Education |url=https://bossipafrica.com/nyanzi-martin-luther-biography-early-life-education-family/ |website=Bossip Africa |date=2 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Alisoma katika shule mbalimbali za msingi, ikiwemo St. Anne Junior School, Upendo Christian School, God’s Hands Junior School Buddo, na MK International School huko Busega, ambapo alipata alama 13 katika mtihani wa Primary Leaving Examinations (PLE). Hivi sasa anasoma katika shule ya sekondari ya Kisozi High School.<ref name="Watchdog">{{cite web |title=Profile | Rising youth entrepreneur Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/business/ceos-entrepreneurs/20260111/187626/profile-rising-youth-entrepreneur-nyanzi-martin-luther.html |website=Watchdog Uganda |date=11 Januari 2026 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref name="BossipAfrica" /> == Kazi na biashara == Nyanzi alianza shughuli za media na ujasiriamali akiwa na umri mdogo. Ni mwanzilishi wa Apex Media Services, kampuni inayomiliki vituo kama Block FM 103.2, NUP Radio (mtandaoni) na Homeboyz Radio Uganda 106.2 FM.<ref name="MusicInAfrica" /><ref name="IMDb">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm17584305/ |website=IMDb |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Vilevile alianzisha Apex Digital Skills (ADS), shirika lisilo la faida linalolenga kuwapa vijana ustadi wa kidijitali na ujasiriamali, na Spark Media Uganda, wakala wa utayarishaji wa maudhui. Anaongoza National Association of Online Broadcasters and Publishers na anahusika katika kutetea mageuzi ya sera za media ya kidijitali.<ref name="Watchdog" /> Anahusika katika muziki kama mtunzi na DJ (anajulikana kama Deejay Blockboy), na nyimbo zake zinapatikana kwenye Spotify na majukwaa mengine.<ref name="Spotify">{{cite web |title=Nyanzi Martin Luther |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/3JjK4UzxpChS14h8IgHqKw |website=Spotify |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Uanaharakati == Nyanzi ni mwanaharakati wa vijana na amewahi kuwasilisha maombi kwa bunge la Uganda kuhusu masuala yanayowahusu vijana na sekta ya media. Amewahi kuomba msaada wa kifedha ili kupanua mipango ya Apex Digital Skills.<ref name="PanAfricanVisions">{{cite web |title=Uganda: Youth Advocate Nyanzi Martin Luther Appeals for Financial Backing |url=https://panafricanvisions.com/2025/11/uganda-youth-advocate-nyanzi-martin-luther-appeals-for-financial-backing-to-expand-apex-digital-skills-initiative/ |website=Pan African Visions |date=3 Novemba 2025 |access-date=8 Mei 2026}}</ref> Anaitwa pia "Conqueror of the Legislature" katika baadhi ya duru kutokana na shughuli zake za kiraia. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://ug.linkedin.com/in/nyanzi-martin-luther-1a36bb383 LinkedIn] * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/nyanzi-martin-luther Music In Africa] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyanzi, Martin Luther}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2009]] l44gn46pa1yrae5anxzm0ohe5avedsy 0 232641 1540825 1538274 2026-05-12T08:16:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yaya''' '''Sow''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Guinea]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Miundombinu na Usafiri kuanzia tarehe 26 Oktoba 2021 hadi 17 Novemba 2022 chini ya Rais Mamady Doumbouya na Waziri Mkuu Mohamed Béavogui. Pia, kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Ujenzi wa Umma katika serikali hiyo hiyo ya Béavogui. Amesoma katika Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gouvernement de transition : quatre ministres, dont trois femmes, nommés|url=https://guineenews.org/2021/10/26/gouvernement-de-transition-quatre-ministres-dont-trois-femmes-nommes/|work=Guinéenews©|date=2021-10-26|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Urgent : Le ministre Yaya Sow limogé par Mamadi Doumbouya|url=https://www.africaguinee.com/articles/2022/11/16/urgent-le-ministre-yaya-sow-limoge-par-mamadi-doumbouya|work=Africa Guinee {{!}} Actualité sur la Guinée et l'Afrique|language=fr|access-date=2026-05-08|archive-date=2022-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116222704/https://www.africaguinee.com/articles/2022/11/16/urgent-le-ministre-yaya-sow-limoge-par-mamadi-doumbouya|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Guinea]] 5hbf2xb2xo04qbecaczu26sohnkz40j 0 232837 1540458 1539708 2026-05-11T14:49:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Maisha ya awali */ 1540458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Ivana Habazin | picha = | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_halisi = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1989|10|22|df=y}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Zagreb, Yugoslavia<br>{{small|(sasa Kroatia)}} | utaifa = Kroatia | jina_la_utani = | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Kati *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi *Uzani wa Kati Mkubwa }} | urefu = futi 5 inchi 8 | mikono = inchi 66 na nusu | mtindo = Mtindo wa kawaida | jumla = 29 | ushindi = 23 | KO = 7 | kupoteza = 6 | sare = | hakuna mashindano = }} '''Ivana Habazin''' (amezaliwa 22 Oktoba 1989) ni bondia wa ngumi za kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Kroatia]]. Amekuwa bingwa wa dunia wa uzito wa [[Welterweight|welter]] mara mbili, akishikilia taji la IBF mwaka 2014 na taji la WBC mwaka 2024. Pia, alishikilia taji la dunia la IBO katika [[Middleweight|uzito wa kati]] mnamo mwaka 2018. ==Maisha ya awali== Habazin alizaliwa tarehe 22 Oktoba 1989 mjini Zlatar, Kroatia. Akiwa muumini wa Kanisa Katoliki, Habazin alitamani kuingia [[Utawa|utawani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 14,<ref>{{cite web |title=Svjedočanstvo svjetske prvakinje Ivane Habazin: 'Isus mi je dao snagu za sve što sam u životu prošla' |url=https://www.bitno.net/vjera/svjedocanstva/svjedocanstvo-svjetske-prvakinje-ivana-habazin-isus-mi-je-dao-snagu-za-sve-sto-sam-u-zivotu-prosla/ |website=bitno.net |date=22 March 2018 |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> lakini baadaye aliamua kuwa bondia na kuanza mazoezi akiwa na umri wa miaka 19.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bila sam izgubljena nakon samostana i onda sam se pronašla u boksu |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/sport/ivana-habazin-boks-samostan-1234947 |website=vecernji.hr |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> Alipata hamu ya kuanza ndondi baada ya kutazama filamu ya ''[[Rocky]]''. Ana shahada ya uzamili ya teolojia na amesomea pia mambo ya uhusiano wa kimataifa na diplomasia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ivana Habazin otvoreno o obiteljskim tragedijama, redovničkom životu i trnovitom putu do uspjeha |url=https://www.tportal.hr/showtime/clanak/ivana-habazin-otvoreno-o-obiteljskim-tragedijama-redovnickom-zivotu-i-trnovitom-putu-do-uspjeha-foto-20180324 |website=tportal.hr |date=29 December 2017 |access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{BD|1989}} [[Jamii:Mabondia wa Kroatia]] 0ewkl436a7ai9vvic9zwme599vmclco 0 233007 1540677 1538844 2026-05-11T23:52:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540677 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stephanie Savage''' (alizaliwa [[1969]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa skrini na mtayarishaji wa televisheni kutoka Calgary, Alberta, [[Kanada|Canada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuunda mfululizo wa tamthilia ya vijana wa Gossip Girl (2007) kwa ajili ya The CW, uliotokana na mfululizo wa vitabu vya riwaya. Pia alikuwa mtayarishaji mkuu wa The O.C. inayorushwa na Fox. Mwaka 2010, pamoja na mshirika wake wa ubunifu Josh Schwartz, waliunda kampuni ya utayarishaji iitwayo Fake Empire, ambayo hutengeneza vipindi vya televisheni, filamu na pia miradi ya muziki.<ref name="tvline.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.tvline.com/2011/02/rachel-bilson-to-star-in-the-cws-dixie-pilot/|title=Rachel Bilson To Star In The CW's Hart of Dixie Pilot - TVLine|author=Nellie Andreeva|work=TVLine|date=8 February 2011|accessdate=2026-05-09|archive-date=2011-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209005254/http://www.tvline.com/2011/02/rachel-bilson-to-star-in-the-cws-dixie-pilot/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2011/02/the-cw-announces-four-pilot-pickups-including-new-josh-schwartz-and-stephanie-savage-project.html|title=The CW orders four pilots, including new Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage project - Zap2it - News & Features|author=Tierney Bricker|date=1 February 2011|work=Zap2it|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308070654/http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2011/02/the-cw-announces-four-pilot-pickups-including-new-josh-schwartz-and-stephanie-savage-project.html|archive-date=8 March 2011}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] ed5s8y338kkle6xscts7l0j0jyer4jq 0 233033 1540697 1538923 2026-05-12T00:37:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = TLC | picha = TLCgroup.jpg | maelezo = TLC mwaka 1999: (kushoto kwenda kulia) Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas, Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins, na Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes. | background = group_or_band | jina la kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = | chimbuko = [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], Marekani | aina ya muziki = [[Contemporary R&B|R&B]], [[Hip hop]], [[Pop music|Pop]], [[New jack swing]] | kazi yake = Wanamuziki | miaka ya kazi = 1990–sasa | studio = [[LaFace Records|LaFace]], [[Arista Records|Arista]], [[Epic Records|Epic]], 852 | ameshirikiana na = [[Dallas Austin]], [[Babyface]], [[L.A. Reid]], [[Jermaine Dupri]] | wavuti = {{URL|officialtlc.com}} }} '''TLC''' ni kundi la wasichana la Marekani lililoundwa mwaka 1990 huko [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (jimbo)|Georgia]]. Safu ya kundi hilo inayojulikana zaidi ilikuwa na [[Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins]], [[Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes]], na [[Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas]]. Kundi hili lilipata mafanikio makubwa katika miaka ya 1990,<ref name="AMBio"/> likiwa na nyimbo tisa zilizofika kumi bora kwenye chati ya [[Billboard Hot 100]], zikiwemo nyimbo nne zilizoshika nafasi ya kwanza: "[[Creep (wimbo wa TLC)|Creep]]", "[[Waterfalls (wimbo wa TLC)|Waterfalls]]", "[[No Scrubs]]", na "[[Unpretty]]".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/tlc/chart-history/hsi/|title=TLC Chart History|magazine=Billboard|access-date=February 2, 2018}}</ref> TLC pia walirekodi albamu nne zilizopata mauzo ya platinum-mpandano, ikiwemo ''[[CrazySexyCool]]'' (1994), ambayo ilitunukiwa cheti cha almasi na Chama cha Tasnia ya Kurekodi ya Marekani (RIAA).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=TLC&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25 |title=Gold & Platinum Searchable Database – June 04, 2014 |publisher=RIAA |access-date=June 4, 2014 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154351/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=TLC&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25 |url-status=live }}</ref> Walikuwa kundi la kwanza la R&B katika historia kupokea cheti cha mauzo ya milioni kutoka Chama cha Tasnia cha Rekodi cha Japani (RIAJ) kwa ajili ya albamu ya ''[[FanMail]]'' (1999).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbr3.sakura.ne.jp/jp1mal_e.htm|title=RIAJ Certified Million Seller Albums|website=www.hbr3.sakura.ne.jp|access-date=February 12, 2016|archive-date=April 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427142833/http://www.hbr3.sakura.ne.jp/jp1mal_e.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakiwa wameuza zaidi ya rekodi milioni 60 ulimwenguni kote, TLC ni miongoni mwa makundi matano ya wasichana ya Marekani yaliyozidisha mauzo wakati wote.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-tlc-plans-first-album-in-10-years-20121105,0,4416635.story|title=TLC Plans First Album in 12 Years|first=Gerrick|last=Kennedy|work=Los Angeles Times|date=November 5, 2012|access-date=April 17, 2020|archive-date=November 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109072609/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-tlc-plans-first-album-in-10-years-20121105,0,4416635.story|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1683858/left-eye-tlc-death.jhtml|title=TLC's Left Eye Remembered: 10 Years Later|first=Rebecca|last=Thomas|publisher=[[MTV]]|date=April 25, 2012|access-date=July 11, 2012|archive-date=June 22, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622004738/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1683858/left-eye-tlc-death.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[VH1]] iliorodhesha TLC kama kundi bora zaidi la kike, ikiwaweka katika nafasi ya 12 kati ya Wanawake 100 Bora katika Muziki.<ref>{{cite web |last=Graham |first=Mark |url=http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-02-13/vh1s-100-greatest-women-in-music-complete-list/ |title=The 100 Greatest Women In Music &#124; VH1 Tuner |publisher=Vh1.com |date=February 13, 2012 |access-date=May 31, 2013 |archive-date=April 2, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402201858/http://www.vh1.com/music/tuner/2012-02-13/vh1s-100-greatest-women-in-music-complete-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jarida la ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' liliiorodhesha TLC kama moja ya bendi bora zaidi za muziki,<ref name="BillboardTrio">{{cite magazine |title=Billboard Greatest Trios of All Time |url=https://www.billboard.com/bbcom/greatesttrios/2006/tlc.jsp |magazine=Billboard |access-date=May 13, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430084126/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/greatesttrios/2006/tlc.jsp <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = April 30, 2008}}</ref> pamoja na kuwa wasanii wa saba waliofanikiwa zaidi katika miaka ya 1990. Tuzo za kundi hilo ni pamoja na [[Tuzo za Grammy]] tano, Tuzo tano za [[MTV Video Music Awards]], na Tuzo tano za [[Soul Train Music Awards]]. Miaka ishirini baada ya kuanza kwao, TLC ilipokea tuzo ya Mchango Bora katika Muziki kwenye tuzo za 17 za [[MOBO Awards]] na Tuzo ya Legend kwenye [[2013 MTV Video Music Awards Japan]]. Baada ya kifo cha Lopes mwaka 2002, badala ya kumleta mtu mwingine, wanachama waliobaki walichagua kuendelea kama kundi la watu wawili.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2017/09/12/and-then-there-were-two-tlc-carries-on-without-left-eye/|title=And then there were two: TLC carries on without Left Eye|publisher=Chicago Tribune|date=September 9, 2017|accessdate=May 3, 2026}}</ref> Mwaka 2017, walitoa albamu yao ya tano iliyoitwa ''[[TLC (albamu)|TLC]]''. Mwaka 2022, kundi hili liliingizwa kwenye Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa [[Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Nazareno|first=Mia|date=December 17, 2021|title=Smokey Robinson, Berry Gordy, Jr. & More to Be Inducted at 2022 Black Music and Entertainment Walk of Fame|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/smokey-robinson-black-music-entertainment-walk-of-fame-2022-1235012202/|access-date=December 17, 2021|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref> == Historia == === 1990–1991: Kuundwa na miaka ya awali === Mtayarishaji wa rekodi Ian Burke, aliyekuwa Atlanta, na mmoja wa wateja wake, kijana Crystal Jones, walikuja na wazo la kuunda kundi la wasichana lenye muonekano wa kiume (matom-boy) na muziki wa [[hip-hop]], sawa na mchanganyiko wa [[contemporary R&B]] na hip-hop wa kundi la [[new jack swing]] la [[Bell Biv DeVoe]] mwaka 1990.<ref name="JonesBurkeinterviewmovie" /> Jones alitoa wito kwa wasichana wengine wawili kujiunga naye, na hatimaye akapatikana [[Tionne Watkins]], mwenyeji wa [[Des Moines, Iowa]] ambaye alikuwa amehamia Atlanta na familia yake akiwa mdogo, na [[Lisa Lopes]], [[rapa]] ambaye alikuwa ndio kwanza amehamia mjini hapo akitokea kwao [[Philadelphia]] akiwa na kinanda kidogo na dola 750 (sawa na takriban dola {{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|750|1990|r=0}}}} ya leo). Kundi hilo, lililoitwa "2nd Nature", liliundwa na Jones, Watkins, na Lopes, ambao walianza kufanya kazi na watayarishaji [[Jermaine Dupri]] na [[Rico Wade]] kwenye nyimbo za majaribio.<ref name="JonesBurkeinterviewmovie">{{cite AV media |last=Hood |first=Danni (Mtayarishaji) |title=[VIDEO] TLC's CrazySexyStory According To The Original "C" (Crystal Jones) And Ian Burke |url=http://v103.cbslocal.com/2013/10/22/video-tlcs-crazysexystory-according-to-the-original-c-crystal-jones-and-ian-burke/ |date=October 22, 2013 |work=The Ryan Cameron Show |publisher=[[V103]] |type=Radio broadcast |place=Atlanta, GA. |access-date=February 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024115809/http://v103.cbslocal.com/2013/10/22/video-tlcs-crazysexystory-according-to-the-original-c-crystal-jones-and-ian-burke/ |archive-date=October 24, 2013 }}</ref> {{multiple image | footer = Wanachama wa TLC [[Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas]] (kushoto), [[Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins]] (kulia) wakitumbuiza huko Toronto, Septemba 2016 | image1 = Rozonda Thomas.jpg | alt1 = | width1 = 150 | image2 = Tionne Watkins 2016.jpg | alt2 = | width2 = 165 }} Kupitia kujuana kwenye saluni ya kike ambapo Watkins alikuwa akifanya kazi,<ref name="TLCinterviewmovie">{{cite AV media |last=Campbell |first=Patricia (Mtayarishaji) |title=[VIDEO] TLC Details What's Been Crazy, Questioned And Cool Since Their Hit Biopic Aired |url=http://v103.cbslocal.com/2013/10/23/video-tlc-details-whats-been-crazy-questioned-and-cool-since-their-hit-biopic-aired/ |date=October 23, 2013 |work=The [[Big Tigger]] Show |publisher=[[V103]] |type=Radio broadcast |place=Atlanta |access-date=February 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024154757/http://v103.cbslocal.com/2013/10/23/video-tlc-details-whats-been-crazy-questioned-and-cool-since-their-hit-biopic-aired/ |archive-date=October 24, 2013 }}</ref> kundi hilo hatimaye lilifanikiwa kupanga usaili na mwimbaji [[Perri "Pebbles" Reid]], ambaye alikuwa ameanza kampuni yake ya usimamizi na uzalishaji, Pebbitone. Akivutiwa na wasichana hao, Reid alilibadilisha jina la kundi kuwa TLC, ambalo ni kifupisho cha majina ya Tionne, Lisa, na Crystal. Reid aliwapangia usaili na lebo ya rekodi ya mtaani ya [[LaFace Records]], inayoendeshwa na [[Babyface|Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds]] na aliyekuwa mume wa Reid wakati huo, [[Antonio "L.A." Reid]]. Antonio Reid aliona uwezo mkubwa kwa Watkins na Lopes kama wasanii, lakini alihisi kuwa Jones anapaswa kubadilishwa. Kwa mujibu wa Jones, mambo yalianza kwenda mrama kwake baada ya Pebbles kukataa kuwaruhusu wasichana hao kwenda na mikataba kienyeji ambayo Pebbitone ilikuwa imeiandaa. Jones hakutaka kusaini kabla ya mkataba huo kupitiwa na watu wengine na pengine mwanasheria.<ref name="JonesBurkeinterviewmovie"/> Kinyume chake, kumbukumbu ya Watkins kuhusu kuondoka kwa Jones ni kwamba yeye na Lopes walimwomba Jones aondoke kwenye kundi kabla ya mikataba yao ya kwanza kujadiliwa.<ref name="TLCinterviewmovie"/> Mnamo Februari 28, 1991, Watkins na Lopes walisaini mikataba ya uzalishaji, usimamizi, na uchapishaji na Pebbitone,<ref name="tlcbankruptcycase">[http://chapter11cases.com/in-re-watkins-210-br-394-bankr-court-nd-georgia-1997/ Tionne WATKINS (T'Boz), Lisa Lopes (Left Eye), Rozonda Thomas (Chilli), Debtors. v. LaFace Records, Pebbitone, Inc., Peri Reid d/b/a Pebbitone Music, Movants (In re Watkins)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106071058/http://chapter11cases.com/in-re-watkins-210-br-394-bankr-court-nd-georgia-1997/ |date=November 6, 2013 }}, 390 210 BR 394 (Bankr. Court, ND Georgia, 1997) (Cotten, S.) Ilirejeshwa Februari 11, 2013.</ref> huku Perri Reid akiwa meneja wao mkuu. Walipokuwa wakitafuta mbadala wa Jones, kundi la TLC la watu wawili lilifanya muonekano wao wa kwanza wa kurekodiwa kwenye wimbo wa msanii wa LaFace, [[Damian Dame]], katika albamu yake ya mwaka 1991.<ref>Cass, Giles, Heyliger (Juni 7, 2013). [http://popdose.com/face-time-damian-dame-right-down-to-it/ 'Face Time: Damian Dame, "Right Down to It"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103062026/http://popdose.com/face-time-damian-dame-right-down-to-it/ |date=November 3, 2013 }}. ''Popdose''. Ilirejeshwa Februari 11, 2014.</ref> Pebbles alimpata mwanachama wa tatu, [[Rozonda Thomas]], mmoja wa wanenguaji wa Damian Dame. Thomas alisainiwa kwenye kundi mnamo Aprili 1991, na ili kudumisha jina la TLC kama kifupisho cha majina ya wasichana, Watkins akawa "T-Boz", Lopes akawa "Left-Eye", na Thomas akawa "Chilli".<ref name="tlcbankruptcycase"/> Wasichana hao kisha walisainiwa na LaFace mnamo Mei kupitia mkataba wa uzalishaji na Pebbitone;<ref name="tlcbankruptcycase"/> rekodi zao zingesambazwa na [[Arista Records|Arista Records/BMG]]. TLC waliwekwa mara moja kuanza kazi studio na Reid, Edmonds, [[Dallas Austin]], [[Jermaine Dupri]], na [[Marley Marl]] wakitayarisha albamu yao ya kwanza. Utatu huo mpya ulianza kama waimbaji wa nyuma kwenye wimbo wa "Rebel (With a Cause)", wimbo katika albamu pekee ya [[Jermaine Jackson]] chini ya LaFace, ''[[You Said (albamu)|You Said]]'' (1991). === 1991–1994: ''Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip'' na mafanikio ya mwanzo === Albamu yao ya kwanza, ''[[Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip]]'', ilitolewa mnamo Februari 25, 1992, na [[LaFace]]/[[Arista Records]]. Nyimbo katika albamu hiyo ni mchanganyiko wa funk (Watkins), hip-hop (Lopes), na R&B (Thomas), sawa na mtindo wa new jack-swing uliopata umaarufu kupitia mtayarishaji [[Teddy Riley]] mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980.<ref name="simmonds">{{cite book|last=Simmonds|first=Jeremy |title=The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2008|page=473|isbn=978-1-55652-754-8}}</ref> Albamu hiyo ilikuwa mafanikio makubwa kimauzo na kwa wakosoaji, ikitunukiwa platinum-nne kwa kusambaza nakala milioni nne nchini Marekani. Ilishika nafasi kumi bora na nyimbo tatu kwenye ''Billboard'' Hot 100: "[[Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg]]", "[[Baby-Baby-Baby]]" (iliyoshika nafasi ya pili), na "[[What About Your Friends]]", pamoja na wimbo wa "[[Hat 2 da Back]]" uliofika 30 bora. Waangalizi walibuni neno "new jill swing" kuelezea albamu hiyo na kundi hilo.<ref name="AMBio"/><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mK1bAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT518 |page=518 |last=Stanley |first=Bob |date=2014 |title=Yeah! Yeah! Yeah!: The Story of Pop Music from Bill Haley to Beyoncé |publisher=W. W. Norton & Co. |isbn=9780393242706 |access-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-date=July 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720214740/https://books.google.com/books?id=mK1bAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT518 |url-status=live }}</ref> Baadaye, sauti ya TLC ilibadilika kutoka kwenye aina hiyo ya muziki,<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA198 |page=198 |title=Big Timers |author=<!--Not stated--> |magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |date=September 2003}}</ref> lakini si kabla ya kufungua mlango kwa makundi kama [[SWV]], [[Destiny's Child]], [[702 (group)|702]], [[Jade (R&B group)|Jade]], na kundi lililotayarishwa na Lopes, [[Blaque]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=What's Up: Life After Death |magazine=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |date=July 2002 |page=26 |first=Emil |last=Wilbekin |author-link=Emil Wilbekin}} Toleo Maalum la Kumbukumbu: Lisa Left-Eye Lopes (1971–2002)</ref> Albamu ya kwanza ya TLC, iliyoandikwa hasa na Dallas Austin na Lisa Lopes, ilikuwa na mashairi ya kuchekesha na nyimbo za ukombozi wa mwanamke. Ilitofautishwa na sauti ya Watkins (contralto), sauti ya Thomas (mezzo-soprano), na rapu za Lopes (soprano). Mfumo huo wa muziki ulikuzwa na video zenye rangi angavu na mavazi ya kipekee: kila msichana alivaa kondomu zilizofungwa kwenye nguo zao (Lopes pia alivaa moja juu ya jicho lake la kushoto kwenye miwani). Katika kipindi hicho, TLC walirekodi wimbo unaitwa "Sleigh Ride", ambao ulitokea kwanza kwenye soundtrack ya filamu ''[[Home Alone 2: Lost in New York]]'' mwaka 1992. Mwaka mmoja baadaye, wimbo huo ulitolewa kama single ya matangazo na video ya muziki kwa msimu wa sikukuu wa 1993. Pia mwaka 1993, TLC walitoa toleo la wimbo wa [[The Time (band)|The Time]] wa mwaka 1981 "[[Get It Up]]" kama single kutoka kwenye soundtrack ya filamu ya ''[[Poetic Justice (soundtrack)|Poetic Justice]]''. Katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya TLC, kama wasanii wa ufunguzi wa [[MC Hammer]], Lopes na Thomas waligundua kuwa Watkins alikuwa na [[sickle-cell anemia]] (selimundu), ugonjwa wa damu ambao aliufanya kuwa siri kubwa hadi alipougua sana wakati wa ziara huko kusini magharibi mwa Marekani, na kuishia kulazwa hospitalini, hali iliyopelekea kufutwa kwa baadhi ya matamasha. Watkins aliendelea kupambana na ugonjwa huo na hatimaye akawa msemaji wa Chama cha Ugonjwa wa Selimundu cha Marekani mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20131161,00.html|title=T-Boz: Singer|date=May 8, 2000|publisher=People|access-date=October 26, 2008|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001641/http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20131161,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa ziara hiyo, TLC, ambao walikuwa wamepokea malipo kidogo sana hadi kufikia hapo, waliamua kuwa hawataki tena kumtumia Pebbles Reid kama meneja wao, ili wawe na udhibiti zaidi wa kazi zao. Reid aliwaachia kutoka kwenye mkataba wa usimamizi, lakini walibaki saini chini ya Pebbitone, na Reid aliendelea kupokea sehemu ya mapato yao. Lopes alianza kutoka na mchezaji wa [[American football]] [[Andre Rison]] muda mfupi baada ya kutolewa kwa ''Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip'', na kufikia mwaka 1994 wawili hao walikuwa wakiishi pamoja kwenye nyumba ya kifahari ya Rison. Uhusiano wao ulidaiwa kuwa na vurugu nyakati fulani, na Lopes alimfungulia Rison mashtaka ya shambulio mnamo Septemba 2, 1993, ambayo Rison aliyakataa. Lopes alikuwa akipambana na ulevi wa pombe wakati huo, akiwa mnywaji mkubwa tangu akiwa na umri wa miaka 15. Baada ya ugomvi mwingine kati ya wapenzi hao asubuhi ya Juni 9, 1994, Lopes alitupa rundo la viatu vipya vya Rison kwenye bafu, akamwagia mafuta ya taa na kuvichoma moto. Bafu ya [[fiberglass]] iliyeyuka haraka na kusababisha nyumba nzima kushika moto. Lopes alikamatwa na kushtakiwa kwa kosa la uchomaji moto; alihukumiwa miaka mitano ya [[probation]] na faini ya dola 10,000. Hatimaye Rison alipatana na Lopes na waliendelea kuwa wapenzi kwa vipindi tofauti kwa miaka saba. === 1993–1996: ''CrazySexyCool'', kilele cha mafanikio na kufilisika === Albamu ya pili ya studio ya TLC, ''[[CrazySexyCool]]'', iliunganisha kundi hilo tena na watayarishaji Dallas Austin, Babyface, na Jermaine Dupri, pamoja na washiriki wapya [[Organized Noize]], [[Chucky Thompson]], na [[Sean Combs|Sean "Puffy" Combs]]. Lopes aliruhusiwa kutoka kituo cha urekebishaji tabia (rehab) ili kuhudhuria vipindi vya kurekodi, lakini albamu iliyokamilika ilionyesha upungufu mkubwa wa rapu na sauti yake. Ikiwa ni albamu ya R&B na hip hop soul, ''CrazySexyCool'' ilijumuisha midundo ya hip-hop, funk, miguno mizito (deep grooves), na utayarishaji mwororo.<ref name="CSCallmusic">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/crazysexycool-mw0000120130|title=CrazySexyCool – TLC – Songs, Reviews, Credits – AllMusic|website=AllMusic|access-date=April 17, 2020|archive-date=August 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809093539/https://www.allmusic.com/album/crazysexycool-mw0000120130|url-status=live}}</ref> Ilitolewa mnamo Novemba 15, 1994, ''CrazySexyCool'' ilisifiwa sana na wakosoaji, huku jarida la ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' liiweka miongoni mwa [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|Albamu 500 Bora za Nyakati Zote]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/tlc-crazysexycool-20120524|title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time|magazine=Rolling Stone|date=May 31, 2009}}</ref> ''CrazySexyCool'' ilianza katika nafasi ya 15. Hatimaye, ilishika nafasi ya tatu kwenye chati ya ''Billboard'' 200 na kukaa kwenye chati hiyo kwa zaidi ya miaka miwili. Albamu hiyo iliuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 7.7 nchini Marekani pekee na kupokea [[RIAA certification#Diamond sales|cheti cha almasi]] kutoka RIAA.<ref name="billboard2017">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/media/lists/100-greatest-girl-group-songs-7857816/ |title=100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time: Critics' Picks |magazine=Billboard|date=July 10, 2017 |access-date=May 10, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Epic Records"/> Duniani kote albamu hiyo iliuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 14.<ref name="WW sales">{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cggEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA119 |title=LaFace Congratulates the Century's Finest: TLC |magazine=Billboard |volume=111 |issue=40 |date=October 2, 1999 |page=119 |issn=0006-2510 |via=Google Books}}</ref> {{listen|pos = right|filename = TLC - Waterfalls.ogg|title = "Waterfalls"|description = Iliyoandikwa na [[Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes]] pamoja na Marqueze Etheridge na [[Organized Noize]], "Waterfalls" ikawa wimbo mkubwa zaidi wa TLC na inachukuliwa kuwa moja ya nyimbo za asili za R&B.<ref name="CSCallmusic"/>|format = [[Ogg]]}} Single zote nne kutoka ''CrazySexyCool'' zilifika tano bora kwenye ''Billboard'' Hot 100—"[[Creep (wimbo wa TLC)|Creep]]" na "[[Waterfalls (wimbo wa TLC)|Waterfalls]]" zilishika nafasi ya kwanza, "[[Red Light Special]]" ilifika nafasi ya pili, na "[[Diggin' on You]]" ilishika nafasi ya tano. "Waterfalls", wimbo uliotayarishwa na Organized Noize ukiwa na mpangilio wa muziki wa [[soul music|soul]] ya kizamani, mashairi yenye ufahamu wa kijamii yakikosoa biashara ya dawa za kulevya na ngono isiyo salama, na rapu ya kutafakari kutoka kwa Lopes, ukawa wimbo uliofanikiwa zaidi katika kazi ya TLC. Video yake ya muziki iliyogharimu dola milioni moja ilikuwa kivutio kikubwa kwenye [[MTV]] kwa miezi mingi na kuifanya TLC kuwa wasanii wa kwanza weusi kushinda tuzo ya [[MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2015/07/22/nicki-minaj-vma-race-problem|title=The VMAs Have Historically Been Biased Against Black Artists|first=Aimee|last=Cliff|work=[[The Fader]]|date=July 22, 2015|access-date=September 20, 2016|archive-date=August 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804100536/http://www.thefader.com/2015/07/22/nicki-minaj-vma-race-problem|url-status=live}}</ref> Katika tuzo za [[38th Annual Grammy Awards]], TLC walishinda [[Best R&B Album]] na [[Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group]] kwa wimbo wa "Creep".<ref name="grammy">{{cite web |title=Past Winners Search: '''TLC''' |url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=TLC&field_nominee_work_value=&year=All&genre=All |publisher=[[grammy.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110034331/http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=TLC&field_nominee_work_value=&year=All&genre=All |archive-date=November 10, 2015 |access-date=January 27, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Billboard'' pia iliwatawaza TLC kama Wasanii wa Mwaka katika tuzo za 1996 za [[Billboard Music Awards|''Billboard'' Music Awards]]. Katikati ya mafanikio yao dhahiri, wanachama wa TLC walifungua shauri la kufilisika la [[Chapter 11]] mnamo Julai 3, 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us/cybereng/nyt/rapper01.htm |title=Does Going 'Broke' Mean Artist Really Doesn't Have Any Money? |author1=Henriques, Diana B. |author2=Samuels, Anita M. |name-list-style=amp |date=February 5, 1996 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041010081842/http://mbhs.bergtraum.k12.ny.us/cybereng/nyt/rapper01.htm |archive-date = October 10, 2004}}</ref> TLC walisema kuwa walikuwa na madeni ya jumla ya dola milioni 3.5, baadhi yake yakitokana na malipo ya bima ya Lopes kutokana na tukio la uchomaji moto na gharama za matibabu za Watkins, lakini sababu kuu ikiwa ni kwamba kundi lilipata kile walichokiita mkataba usio na tija kutoka Pebbitone. Baada ya Arista Records, LaFace, na Pebbitone kurudisha uwekezaji wao wa gharama za urekodi, uzalishaji na usambazaji (gharama za kawaida katika mikataba mingi ya rekodi), Pebbitone na LaFace Records waliendelea kutoza gharama za usafiri wa ndege, hoteli, matangazo, video za muziki, chakula, mavazi, na gharama nyinginezo. Kulingana na wanachama wa TLC, jambo la kushangaza ni kwamba kadiri albamu ilivyozidi kupata mafanikio, ndivyo walivyozidi kuwa na madeni. Pamoja na hayo, mameneja, wanasheria, watayarishaji, na kodi ilibidi vilipwe, jambo lililomwacha kila mwanachama wa kundi na chini ya dola 50,000 kwa mwaka baada ya kuuza mamilioni ya albamu. TLC walitaka kufanya mazungumzo upya ya mkataba wao wa 1991 na LaFace, ambapo walipokea senti 56 tu (zilizogawanywa kwa watu watatu) kwa kila albamu iliyouzwa—kiwango kidogo sana ikilinganishwa na mikataba mingi ya lebo kubwa za rekodi<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beat.com.au/music/dark-tale-tlc-going-bankrupt-90s |title=The dark tale of TLC going bankrupt in the '90s |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Beat.com.au |access-date=August 16, 2018 |archive-date=August 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816230602/http://www.beat.com.au/music/dark-tale-tlc-going-bankrupt-90s |url-status=live }}</ref>—na walipokea pungufu zaidi ya hapo kwa kila single iliyouzwa; TLC pia walitaka kuvunja ushirika wao na Pebbitone. LaFace Records walikataa kujadili upya mkataba wao katikati ya kipindi cha mkataba, na hivyo kuwafanya TLC kuwasilisha ombi la kufilisika mahakamani.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hicks, J. Rush Jr. |url=http://www.meiea.org/Journal/html_ver/Vol01_No01/Vol_1_No_1_A6.html |title=Hicks, J. Rush Jr. (2000). Should a Record Company Be Alarmed When an Artist Files for Bankruptcy? MEIEA Journal Vol 1 No 1, 84–117 |publisher=Meiea.org |access-date=June 4, 2014 |archive-date=May 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504213141/http://www.meiea.org/Journal/html_ver/Vol01_No01/Vol_1_No_1_A6.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Wote wawili, Pebbitone na LaFace, walidai kuwa TLC "walitaka tu" pesa zaidi na hawakuwa katika hatari yoyote ya kweli ya kifedha, jambo lililopelekea mijadala ya kisheria kwa miaka miwili kabla ya kesi hizo hatimaye [[Settlement (litigation)|kumalizika]] mwishoni mwa mwaka 1996. Mkataba wa TLC ulifanyiwa mazungumzo upya na LaFace, na Pebbitone walikubali kuwaachia kutoka kwenye mkataba wao wa uzalishaji/usimamizi badala ya Pebbitone kupokea asilimia ya mirabaha (royalties) kwenye baadhi ya kazi zijazo. Kufikia wakati huu, Pebbles alikuwa ameachana na mumewe. TLC pia walinunua haki za jina lao, ambalo hapo awali lilikuwa likimilikiwa na Pebbles. TLC walirekodi wimbo wa utambulisho wa kipindi maarufu cha vichekesho cha [[Nickelodeon]] kiitwacho ''[[All That]]'', kilichotayarishwa na kuandikwa kwa pamoja na Arnold Hennings. Kipindi hicho kilidumu kwa misimu kumi kuanzia 1994 hadi 2005, na baadaye kilifufuliwa mnamo 2019. Kundi hilo lilionekana kwenye [[Waiting to Exhale (soundtrack)|albamu ya soundtrack]] ya filamu ya [[Forest Whitaker]] ya mwaka 1995 ya ''[[Waiting to Exhale]]'' na wimbo "This Is How It Works" (wimbo ulioandikwa na Babyface na Lopes) na walikuwa tayari kurudi studio mwaka uliofuata baada ya kusaini mkataba mpya na LaFace. Watkins alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza wa peke yake, "[[Touch Myself]]", single kutoka kwenye [[Fled (soundtrack)|albamu ya soundtrack]] ya filamu ya mwaka 1996 ya ''[[Fled]]''; ilifika 40 bora kwenye ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Lopes pia alishirikiana na rapa wenzake wa kike [[Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott]], [[Da Brat]], na [[Angie Martinez]] kwenye single ya [[Lil' Kim]] ya "[[Not Tonight (wimbo)|Not Tonight]]". Ilishika nafasi ya sita kwenye Hot 100 na kuteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya [[Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group]] katika tuzo za [[40th Grammy Awards]].``` === 1997–2000: ''FanMail'' na migogoro ya ndani === Kazi ya albamu ya tatu ilichelewa kutokana na msuguano kati ya kundi na mtayarishaji [[Dallas Austin]]. Katika kipindi hiki, wanachama walifanya kazi binafsi: Thomas na Watkins walionekana kwenye filamu (''Hav Plenty'' na ''[[Belly (film)|Belly]]''), huku Lopes akianzisha kampuni ya Left-Eye Productions na kusaini kundi la [[Blaque]]. Lopes pia alikuwa mwandaaji wa kipindi cha ''[[The Cut (1998 TV series)|The Cut]]'' kwenye [[MTV]]. Hatimaye, albamu ya ''[[FanMail]]'' ilitolewa mnamo Februari 1999 na kupata mafanikio makubwa, ikishika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye Billboard 200 na kuuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 10 duniani kote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43433/1/tlc-fanmail-20th-anniversary-retrospective|title=Lessons on self-worth and self-care from TLC's FanMail|work=[[Dazed]]|date=February 22, 2019|access-date=May 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510015232/https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43433/1/tlc-fanmail-20th-anniversary-retrospective|url-status=live}}</ref> Wimbo wa "[[No Scrubs]]" ulikuwa hit ya dunia nzima, na "[[Unpretty]]" ukawa wimbo wao wa nne kushika nafasi ya kwanza Marekani.<ref name="FanMail20">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/tlc-fanmail-interview-20th-anniversary-dallas-austin-8499567/|title=TLC's 'FanMail' Turns 20: A Track-By-Track Retrospective With the Girl Group and Behind-the-Scenes Collaborators|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=February 22, 2019|access-date=October 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Katika tuzo za [[42nd Annual Grammy Awards]], ''FanMail'' ilishinda tuzo tatu, ikiwemo Albamu Bora ya R&B. Licha ya mafanikio, Lopes alieleza kutoridhishwa kwake na nafasi yake ndogo kikosini, hali iliyopelekea kumtumia changamoto wenzake kupitia jarida la ''Entertainment Weekly'' kurekodi albamu za peke yao.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ew.com/article/1999/11/26/tlc-three-tangle/|title=Three To Tangle|last=Sinclair|first=Tom|date=November 26, 1999|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=May 11, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Ugomvi ulimalizika na kundi likaendelea na ziara ya dunia ya [[FanMail Tour]]. Mnamo 2001, walifanya onesho lao la mwisho wakiwa watatu kwenye sherehe za miaka 20 ya MTV. === 2002–2006: Kifo cha Lisa Lopes, ''3D'' na ''R U the Girl'' === Mnamo Aprili 25, 2002, Lisa Lopes alifariki kwa ajali ya gari nchini Honduras wakati akirekodi filamu yake ya kumbukumbu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Singer at the End of Time: The Video Diary of Lisa Lopes|work=The New York Times |date=May 19, 2007}}</ref> Watkins, Thomas, na Austin waliamua kukamilisha albamu ya nne, ''[[3D (TLC album)|3D]]'', wakitumia sauti za Lopes zilizokuwa zimesharekodiwa. Albamu hiyo ilitolewa Novemba 2002 na kupata cheti cha platinamu mara mbili nchini Marekani, huku wimbo wa "[[Girl Talk (TLC song)|Girl Talk]]" ukiwa ndio uliovuma zaidi. Mnamo 2003, TLC walitangaza onesho lao la mwisho kwenye tamasha la ''Zootopia'', ambapo walimuenzi Lopes kupitia video.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1472227/20030602/tlc.jhtml|title=TLC Say Goodbye, Beleaguered Ja Rule Basks In Limelight At Zootopia Show|last=Reid|first=Shaheem|date=June 2, 2003|publisher=mtv.com|access-date=May 11, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205200745/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1472227/20030602/tlc.jhtml}}</ref> Walitoa albamu ya nyimbo bora zaidi, ''[[Now & Forever: The Hits]]'', mnamo 2003 (kimataifa) na 2005 (Marekani).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/24233/products/515078/1/|title=ナウ&フォーエヴァー-ザ・ヒッツ – TLC|access-date=March 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnamo 2005, Watkins na Thomas walishiriki katika kipindi cha televisheni kiitwacho ''[[R U the Girl]]'' ili kutafuta msanii wa kurekodi naye wimbo mmoja. Mshindi Tiffany "O'so Krispie" Baker alirekodi wimbo "I Bet" na kundi hilo, lakini wimbo huo haukupata mafanikio makubwa kwenye chati. Kundi lilisisitiza kuwa mshindi huyo hakuwa mbadala wa kudumu wa Lisa Lopes. === 1997–2000: ''FanMail'' na migogoro ya ndani === Kazi ya albamu ya tatu ilichelewa kutokana na msuguano kati ya kundi na mtayarishaji [[Dallas Austin]]. Katika kipindi hiki, wanachama walifanya kazi binafsi: Thomas na Watkins walionekana kwenye filamu (''Hav Plenty'' na ''[[Belly (film)|Belly]]''), huku Lopes akianzisha kampuni ya Left-Eye Productions na kusaini kundi la [[Blaque]]. Lopes pia alikuwa mwandaaji wa kipindi cha ''[[The Cut (1998 TV series)|The Cut]]'' kwenye [[MTV]]. Hatimaye, albamu ya ''[[FanMail]]'' ilitolewa mnamo Februari 1999 na kupata mafanikio makubwa, ikishika nafasi ya kwanza kwenye Billboard 200 na kuuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 10 duniani kote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43433/1/tlc-fanmail-20th-anniversary-retrospective|title=Lessons on self-worth and self-care from TLC's FanMail|work=[[Dazed]]|date=February 22, 2019|access-date=May 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510015232/https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/43433/1/tlc-fanmail-20th-anniversary-retrospective|url-status=live}}</ref> Wimbo wa "[[No Scrubs]]" ulikuwa hit ya dunia nzima, na "[[Unpretty]]" ukawa wimbo wao wa nne kushika nafasi ya kwanza Marekani.<ref name="FanMail20"/> Katika tuzo za [[42nd Annual Grammy Awards]], ''FanMail'' ilishinda tuzo tatu, ikiwemo Albamu Bora ya R&B. Licha ya mafanikio, Lopes alieleza kutoridhishwa kwake na nafasi yake ndogo kikosini, hali iliyopelekea kumtumia changamoto wenzake kupitia jarida la ''Entertainment Weekly'' kurekodi albamu za peke yao.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://ew.com/article/1999/11/26/tlc-three-tangle/|title=Three To Tangle|last=Sinclair|first=Tom|date=November 26, 1999|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=May 11, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Ugomvi ulimalizika na kundi likaendelea na ziara ya dunia ya [[FanMail Tour]]. Mnamo 2001, walifanya onesho lao la mwisho wakiwa watatu kwenye sherehe za miaka 20 ya MTV. === 2002–2006: Kifo cha Lisa Lopes, ''3D'' na ''R U the Girl'' === Mnamo Aprili 25, 2002, Lisa Lopes alifariki kwa ajali ya gari nchini Honduras wakati akirekodi filamu yake ya kumbukumbu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Singer at the End of Time: The Video Diary of Lisa Lopes|work=The New York Times |date=May 19, 2007}}</ref> Watkins, Thomas, na Austin waliamua kukamilisha albamu ya nne, ''[[3D (TLC album)|3D]]'', wakitumia sauti za Lopes zilizokuwa zimesharekodiwa. Albamu hiyo ilitolewa Novemba 2002 na kupata cheti cha platinamu mara mbili nchini Marekani, huku wimbo wa "[[Girl Talk (TLC song)|Girl Talk]]" ukiwa ndio uliovuma zaidi. Mnamo 2003, TLC walitangaza onesho lao la mwisho kwenye tamasha la ''Zootopia'', ambapo walimuenzi Lopes kupitia video.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1472227/20030602/tlc.jhtml|title=TLC Say Goodbye, Beleaguered Ja Rule Basks In Limelight At Zootopia Show|last=Reid|first=Shaheem|date=June 2, 2003|publisher=mtv.com|access-date=May 11, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205200745/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1472227/20030602/tlc.jhtml}}</ref> Walitoa albamu ya nyimbo bora zaidi, ''[[Now & Forever: The Hits]]'', mnamo 2003 (kimataifa) na 2005 (Marekani).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/prof/24233/products/515078/1/|title=ナウ&フォーエヴァー-ザ・ヒッツ – TLC|access-date=March 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnamo 2005, Watkins na Thomas walishiriki katika kipindi cha televisheni kiitwacho ''[[R U the Girl]]'' ili kutafuta msanii wa kurekodi naye wimbo mmoja. Mshindi Tiffany "O'so Krispie" Baker alirekodi wimbo "I Bet" na kundi hilo, lakini wimbo huo haukupata mafanikio makubwa kwenye chati. Kundi lilisisitiza kuwa mshindi huyo hakuwa mbadala wa kudumu wa Lisa Lopes. == Diskografia == {{Main|Diskografia ya TLC}} ;Albamu za studio *''[[Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip]]'' (1992) *''[[CrazySexyCool]]'' (1994) *''[[FanMail]]'' (1999) *''[[3D (TLC album)|3D]]'' (2002) *''[[TLC (album)|TLC]]'' (2017) == Ziara == '''Ziara kuu''' * [[FanMail Tour]] (1999–2000) * [[TLC 2016 Tour|2016 Tour]] (2016) * [[I Love the 90s: The Party Continues Tour]] (2017) * [[CrazySexyCool#Celebration of CrazySexyCool|CeleBraTion of CrazySexyCool]] (2021–2022) '''Ziara za pamoja''' * [[The Main Event (2015 concert tour)|The Main Event]] (2015) * Whole Lotta Hits Tour (2019) {{small|(pamoja na [[Nelly]])}} * Hot Summer Nights Tour (2023) {{small|(pamoja na [[Shaggy (musician)|Shaggy]])}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons category}} * {{Official website}} * [https://archive.today/20121209065042/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/tlc/artist.jhtml TLC] kwenye [[MTV|MTV.com]] *[https://imusic.am/ar/7mQ4uo TLC discography] kwenye imusic.am * {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p26086|label=TLC}} * {{discogs artist|artist=TLC|name=TLC}} * {{IMDb name|id=1352040|name=TLC}} * [http://www.last.fm/music/TLC TLC] kwenye [[Last.fm]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] b5w8mbm3rwddc09lic5swjwbi8xmt1e 0 233123 1540484 1539069 2026-05-11T15:51:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540484 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reinhold D. Schmieding''' (alizaliwa [[1955]] au [[1956]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] na mwanzilishi, afisa mkuu mtendaji na mmiliki wa ''Arthrex'' mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya upasuaji wa mifupa.<ref name=Bloomberg>{{cite web|title=Reinhold D. Schmieding|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=5993216&privcapId=4262433&previousCapId=4262433&previousTitle=Arthrex,%2520Inc|website=Bloomberg|accessdate=21 February 2015}}</ref> Alianzisha Arthrex mwaka [[1981]] huko [[Munich]], [[Ujerumani]], akiunda vifaa vya kwanza vya upasuaji wa goti.<ref name=NaplesChamber>{{cite web|title=An Interview with Reinhold Schmieding, President & Founder of Arthrex, Inc.|url=http://www.napleschamber.org/Chamber/articles_Detail.aspx?id=5781|website=Naples Chamber|accessdate=21 February 2015}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] r4dvrkhs186xpnp5afra7212f1h59ri 0 233270 1540737 1539399 2026-05-12T03:46:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540737 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulysse Diallo''' (alizaliwa 26 Oktoba 1992) ni [[mchezaji]] wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka Mali ambaye mara ya mwisho alichezea [[klabu]] ya Bangladesh Rahmatganj MFS katika Ligi Kuu ya Bangladesh. == Maisha ya Klabu == Diallo alizaliwa Bamako, [[Mali]]. Baada ya kufanya vizuri katika majaribio ya wiki tano na Ferencvárosi TC, alisaini rasmi na klabu hiyo tarehe 24 Julai 2013. Baada ya msimu mmoja, mkataba wake ulivunjwa kwa makubaliano ya pande zote, na baadaye akasaini mkataba wa miaka miwili na F.C. Arouca. Mnamo Januari 2015, Diallo alifanya majaribio na klabu ya Azerbaijan Gabala FK. Tarehe 2 Februari 2015, alisaini mkataba wa miezi sita na Académica de Coimbra. Baadaye mwezi Juni, alifanya majaribio na klabu ya Urusi FC Tosno na akafunga bao katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya Spartak Moscow II. Tarehe 3 Julai 2015, Diallo alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitatu na C.S. Marítimo. Mnamo 2 Agosti 2019, alisaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka miwili na klabu ya Azerbaijan Sabah FC.<ref>{{Citation|title=Xoş gəldin, Ulisse! - SABAH FC|date=2019-08-02|url=https://sabahfc.az/2019/08/02/xos-g%C9%99ldin-ulisse/|work=SABAH FC|language=az-AZ|access-date=2026-05-10|archive-date=2020-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728095236/https://sabahfc.az/2019/08/02/xos-g%C9%99ldin-ulisse/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Mali]] 3zhoq81l99c2uxfkiinv2cg2ikv1ejw 0 233291 1540349 1539694 2026-05-11T12:41:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Chibingu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani wa Malawi tarehe 12 Januari 2013 na rais wa zamani Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake rasmi ulianza tarehe 23 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|archive-date=2011-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210030117/http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 2015 alibadilishwa kutoka nafasi hiyo, na baadaye akawa Waziri wa [[Ardhi]], Makazi na Maendeleo ya Miji nchini Malawi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi Pres. Mutharika reshuffles cabinet: Muluzi, Msaka, Chibingu moved - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi-pres-mutharika-reshuffles-cabinet-muluzi-msaka-chibingu-moved/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2015-04-10|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] anr84jgg317a9skaua35p9oks7d3qcn 0 233311 1540518 1539706 2026-05-11T17:01:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roy Cumsay''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] kutoka Malawi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Malawi leaders accused of treason|date=2005-01-05|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4144961.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Usafiri na Kazi za Umma wa Malawi. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mapema mwaka 2004 na rais wa zamani Bakili Muluzi, na muhula wake ulianza rasmi mwezi Juni 2004.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-10|archive-date=2005-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050412185912/http://www.malawi.gov.mw/CabinetAppointments.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 3bowkbr8vhejsgs29upj95kt4l06127 0 233316 1540755 1539725 2026-05-12T05:43:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Ghambi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa, Ghambi alikuwa mfanyabiashara katika sehemu za kati na kaskazini mwa Malawi, akihusiana na kilimo, usafirishaji na kuchimba visima vya maji. Mwaka 2014, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Elimu, Sayansi na Teknolojia wa Malawi na rais wa zamani Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 31 Mei 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|archive-date=2011-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210030117/http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Malawians give Mutharika Cabinet size thumps up - The Malawi Oracle Times|date=2014-06-24|url=http://www.orakonews.com/malawians-give-mutharika-cabinet-size-thumps-up/|work=The Malawi Oracle Times|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> Baadaye mwaka 2016, alihamishiwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Ulinzi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] f8w3qcmc1lvy5m7ih9vjfzf2slzn2hx 0 233319 1540647 1539515 2026-05-11T21:23:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Shola Ama | picha = | maelezo = | background = solo_singer | jina la kuzaliwa = Shola Ama Mathurin-Campbell | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|3|8}} | chimbuko = [[London]], Uingereza | aina ya muziki = [[Soul music|Soul]], [[contemporary R&B|R&B]] | kazi yake = Mwimbaji | ala = Sauti | miaka ya kazi = 1991–sasa | studio = | ameshirikiana na = | wavuti = }} '''Shola Ama''' (amezaliwa 8 Machi 1979) ni mwimbaji kutoka nchini [[Uingereza]] jijini [[London]]. Alipata mafanikio makubwa sana na nyimbo zake kama "[[You Might Need Somebody#Shola Ama version|You Might Need Somebody]]" (1997), ambao ni wimbo wa kurudia wa msanii [[Randy Crawford]] wa mwaka 1981, "[[You're the One I Love]]" na "Still Believe" (1999) ambao ulikuwa moja ya kazi za kwanza za kundi la watayarishaji wa Norway linaloitwa [[Stargate (watayarishaji)|Stargate]]. == Kazi ya muziki == Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 15, Ama alikuwa anajiimbia mwenyewe kwenye jukwaa la kituo cha treni cha [[Hammersmith tube station (Piccadilly and District lines)|Hammersmith]], ndipo akasikiwa na [[Kwame Kwaten]], mtayarishaji wa lebo ya FreakStreet.<ref name="Callan">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/12/12/npop12.html |title=Dream comes true for Shola |last=Callan |first=Jessica |date=12 December 1998 |access-date=1 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040904155309/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/htmlContent.jhtml?html=%2Farchive%2F1998%2F12%2F12%2Fnpop12.html |archive-date=4 September 2004 |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwaka 1995, lebo moja ndogo ilitoa wimbo wake "Celebrate", uliotengenezwa na [[D'Influence]]. Ingawa wimbo huo haukuuza sana, ulimfanya watu wamjue Shola Ama kama msanii mpya. Siku ya kutimiza miaka 16, akasaini mkataba na kampuni kubwa ya [[Warner Music Group|WEA]]. Wimbo wa "[[You're the One I Love]]" ulikuwa wa kwanza kutoa akiwa WEA mwaka 1996, lakini haukufanya vizuri sana. Wimbo wake wa pili, "[[You Might Need Somebody]]", ndio ulimpasua na kuwa staa mkubwa, ukishika namba 4 kwenye chati za [[UK Singles Chart]]<ref name="isbn1-84449-058-0">{{cite book |author1=Brown, Tony |author2=Neil Warwick |author3=Jon Kutner |title=The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums |publisher=Omnibus Press |location=London |year=2004 |isbn=1-84449-058-0 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ib4MyAIpe3MC&q=%22Shola+Ama%22&pg=PA63|page= 63}}</ref> mnamo Aprili 1997. Wimbo huo ulikaa kwenye nyimbo 40 bora kwa karibu miezi miwili. Baadaye akarudia kutoa "You're the One I Love" na safari hii ukashika namba 3.<ref name="isbn1-84449-058-0" /> Akiwa na miaka 18 tu, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iitwayo ''[[Much Love]]'' (1997). Kutokana na mafanikio ya albamu hiyo, Ama alishinda tuzo ya [[Brit Award]] kama Msanii Bora wa Kike wa Uingereza na tuzo mbili za [[MOBO Awards]] kama Msanii Chipukizi Bora na Msanii Bora wa R&B.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mobo.com/1997 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2026-05-10 |archive-date=2011-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714111111/http://www.mobo.com/1997 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Mwaka 1999, alitoa albamu ya pili, ''In Return''. Kwenye albamu hii alifanya kazi na watayarishaji wakubwa kama [[Fred Jerkins III]], [[Stargate (production team)|Stargate]], na [[Ali Shaheed Muhammad]]. Waandishi wa nyimbo walikuwemo [[Angie Stone]], [[Babyface (musician)|Babyface]] na [[David Foster]]. Hata hivyo, albamu hii haikuuza vizuri kama ya kwanza, na baada ya hapo Ama aliamua kupumzika kidogo muziki.<ref name="IOL">{{cite web|url=http://breakingnews.iol.ie/entertainment/story.asp?j=144492432&p=y44493346|title=Ama ruined by cocaine|date=21 July 2004|access-date=1 July 2008|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217175123/http://breakingnews.iol.ie/entertainment/story.asp?j=144492432&p=y44493346|archive-date=17 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news |title=R&B singer tells of cocaine fight |date=20 July 2004 |access-date=1 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209191428/http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolpda/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_3909000/3909653.stm |archive-date=9 February 2010 |publisher=BBC News |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2002, alirudi studio kurekodi albamu ya tatu, ''Supersonic'', na safari hii alifanya mkataba wa usambazaji na kampuni ya [[Pony Canyon]]. Mwaka 2004, alishiriki kwenye wimbo wa "[[You Should Really Know]]" ulioimbwa na Pirates, ukiwa ni wimbo wa kumjibu [[Mario Winans]] kwenye "[[I Don't Wanna Know]]". Wimbo huo ulishika namba 8 nchini Uingereza. Shola Ama pia alimsaidia mdogo wake wa kike, [[Sadie Ama]], ambaye naye alisaini mkataba wa muziki. Mwaka 2010, alijiunga na kundi la [[A-List (British group)|A-List]] lililoanzishwa na rapa [[Wiley (rapper)|Wiley]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeV4XN5kQ28|title=Westwood – Wiley introducing the A-List (Radio 1)|via=YouTube|date=4 March 2010|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112221646/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GeV4XN5kQ28|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Mwaka 2015, alitoa albamu nyingine fupi (EP) yenye nyimbo 8 iitwayo ''Surreal'' ikiwa na vionjo vya reggae. == Maisha ya binafsi == Ama alizaliwa London, baba yake akiwa ni Mskoti (Scottish) na mama yake akitokea nchi ya [[Dominica]]. Baba yake alimkimbia na kumwacha akiwa bado mdogo sana.<ref name="I don't need nobody">{{cite news|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/I+don%27t+need+nobody%3B+Her+Scots+father+abandoned+her+as+a+baby%2C+so...-a060329657|title=I don't need nobody; Her Scots father abandoned her as a baby, so soul star Shola Ama just had to make it on her own|website=Thefreelibrary.com|date=15 October 1999}}</ref><ref name="Let's see what people do">{{cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/interviews/read/let-s-see-what-people-do-shola-ama-on-the-legacy-of-black-out-tuesday/080324|title='Let's see what people do': Shola Ama on the legacy of Black Out Tuesday|website=Musicweek.com|date=8 July 2020}}</ref> == Diskografia == {{main|Diskografia ya Shola Ama}} === Albamu za studio === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka !! Jina la albamu !! Maelezo |- | 1997 || ''[[Much Love]]'' || * Imetoka: 1 Septemba 1997 * Lebo: Freakstreet / WEA |- | 1999 || ''[[In Return (Shola Ama album)|In Return]]'' || * Imetoka: 8 Novemba 1999 * Lebo: Freakstreet / WEA |- | 2002 || ''Supersonic'' || * Imetoka: 2002 * Lebo: Canyon / EMI |- | 2015 || ''Surreal'' || * Imetoka: 30 Oktoba 2015 * Lebo: Necessary Mayhem |} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1979|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Uingereza]] 3cz05pgufgyn0is0na0bjaurnpyw0if 0 233320 1540706 1539719 2026-05-12T01:13:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tarsiziu Tony Gowelo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Ardhi, Makazi na Maendeleo ya Miji wa Malawi. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mapema mwaka 2009 na rais wa zamani Bingu wa Mutharika, na muhula wake ulianza rasmi tarehe 15 Juni 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|archive-date=2011-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210030117/http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] pzsrc8hjlud3xp8qoig2ytf71o0hlae 14 233343 1540425 1539521 2026-05-11T14:11:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Writers from Mexico}} [[Jamii:waandishi nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Meksiko|A]] bgcbcwaur0pevpk12pabmfuw3bbbr9y 14 233346 1540430 1539530 2026-05-11T14:13:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Poets from Mexico}} [[Jamii:washairi nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Meksiko|S]] c3s5skiu9p92fwy0i53ejx7hw7mb98o 0 233501 1540734 1539970 2026-05-12T02:50:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trasizio Gowelo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] kutoka Malawi. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa [[Serikali]] za Mitaa na Maendeleo ya Vijijini wa Malawi, baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2014 na [[rais]] wa zamani wa Malawi, Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 31 Mei 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-10|archive-date=2011-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210030117/http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] d0n983k4yh3pl227hsv68egunqjjjw1 0 233519 1540326 1539976 2026-05-11T12:17:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Florian Bellanger''' {{IPA|fr|bɛlɑ̃ˈʒe|}} (amezaliwa 20 Aprili 1968) ni mpishi wa vitamu (pastry chef) kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Aliwahi kuwa mpishi mkuu wa vitamu katika duka maarufu la keki na pipi la Paris lijulikanalo kama Fauchon.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=dead|archive-date=20](http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033225/http://www.celebbdays.com/celebritydetails.php?id=10236&details=%27details|url-status=dead|archive-date=20) October 2017|title=Celebrity Birthday {{!}} Florian Bellanger {{!}} Birthday: 1968 April 20|last=Celebbdays.com|website=[www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23](http://www.celebbdays.com|access-date=2019-04-23)}}</ref>{{unreliablesource|date=November 2019}} Bellanger pia ni jaji wa kudumu katika kipindi cha mashindano ya upishi cha Food Network kiitwacho ''Cupcake Wars'', ambapo ameonekana katika zaidi ya misimu tisa na vipindi zaidi ya 135. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] nz5h3xfqpn8c1wsjf6qjx8zur8k9omf 0 233537 1540342 1540228 2026-05-11T12:37:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henry Joseph Macaulay Barnett''' ([[10 Februari]] [[1922]] – [[20 Oktoba]] [[2016]]), anayejulikana pia kama “Barney”, alikuwa daktari na mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya mfumo wa neva kutoka Kanada. Alijulikana kama mmoja wa watafiti wakuu wa kliniki katika eneo la kiharusi, akiwa mtafiti mkuu katika majaribio kadhaa muhimu ya kitabibu. Barnett alifanya utafiti wa msingi kuhusu kinga ya kiharusi, hasa matumizi ya dawa ya Aspirin katika kuzuia mashambulizi ya kiharusi, jambo lililokuwa hatua muhimu katika maendeleo ya tiba ya kisasa ya magonjwa ya mishipa ya damu ya ubongo. Pia alitunukiwa heshima ya Order of Canada (CC) kutokana na mchango wake mkubwa katika tiba na utafiti wa kitabibu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://humphreymiles.com/tribute/details/4766/Henry-Barnett/obituary.html|title=Obituary of Henry Joseph Barnett &#124; Humphrey Funeral Home A.W. Miles-Newbigging Chapel Limited|access-date=27 October 2016|archive-date=1 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401233254/http://humphreymiles.com/tribute/details/4766/Henry-Barnett/obituary.html}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] [[Jamii:wanabiolojia wa Kanada]] evhwqerdmbyptzrqzo6tzydzq6nka3u 0 233540 1540360 1540231 2026-05-11T13:03:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph McKay Bannerman''' ([[12 Machi]] [[1850]] – [[17 Aprili]] [[1932]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alihudumu katika Northwest Territories kama mwakilishi wa eneo la East Calgary kuanzia mwaka 1894 hadi 1898. Bannerman alihesabiwa miongoni mwa wabunge wa mwanzo kabisa wa eneo la Calgary, akichangia katika uanzishaji wa siasa za uwakilishi katika kipindi cha awali cha maendeleo ya magharibi mwa Canada.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://pioneersalberta.org/profiles/b.html#bannerman_jo|title=Pioneer Profile (B) &#124; Southern Alberta Pioneers and their Descendants|website=pioneersalberta.org}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1850]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1932]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kanada]] 65ghj8id4ym66p75cd3lurknu6kfjwr 0 233546 1540307 1540236 2026-05-11T12:02:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edgar Crow Baker''' ([[16 Septemba]] [[1845]] – [[3 Novemba]] [[1920]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Kanada kutoka jimbo la [[British Columbia]]. Alizaliwa katika Lambeth, akiwa mwana wa Edward William Whitley Baker, na alisoma katika Royal Hospital School mjini Greenwich. Mwaka 1860 alijiunga na Royal Navy, ambako alihudumu kama afisa wa urambazaji (navigating lieutenant). Alistaafu mwaka 1878 akiwa na cheo cha kijeshi cha juu baada ya huduma yake ya majini. Mwaka 1869 alioa Frances Mary Jones. Baadaye alihamia Canada na kuingia katika siasa, akihudumu kama mwanasiasa katika British Columbia.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26959558/edgar_crow_baker_clapham_connection_1/|title=Former City Member Passes at Ripe Age: Edgar Crow Baker|work=[[Victoria Daily Times]]|page=16|date=November 4, 1920|access-date=2020-01-09|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1845]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1920]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kanada]] opt9wa3o8t3pd2gfpt6ctix8o0hx543 0 233547 1540354 1540237 2026-05-11T12:53:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Watson Bain''' ([[14 Novemba]] [[1875]] – [[23 Januari]] [[1964]]) alikuwa [[mwanakemia]] kutoka [[Kanada]]. Alifanya kazi katika University of Toronto na anajulikana kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa jamii ya kwanza ya kemia nchini Canada, tawi la Kanada la Society of Chemical Industry. Pia alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa Chemical Institute of Canada, taasisi muhimu inayowakilisha wanakemia nchini Canada.<ref>{{Rejea habari|date=1947-12-17|title=Prof. Bain Receives Portrait In Honor of Engineering Work|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1875]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1964]] [[Jamii:wanakemia wa Kanada]] mr0rwqg2pojcapsb586nwh2arn18son 0 233554 1540461 1540031 2026-05-11T14:52:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moinina''' '''Fofana''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1950 mjini Bullom, Wilaya ya Bonthe, koloni la Uingereza la [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone)]] ni aliyekuwa kamanda wa kijeshi wa Sierra Leone ambaye alikuwa jenerali kiongozi katika wanamgambo wa Kamajors na mkurugenzi wa Vikosi vya Ulinzi wa [[Raia]] (''Civil Defence Forces - CDF'') wakati wa Vita vya Kijeshi vya Sierra Leone. Alichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa CDF, sawa na Samuel Hinga Norman na Allieu Kondewa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Trial Watch : Moinina Fofana|url=http://www.trial-ch.org/en/trial-watch/profile/db/facts/moinina_fofana_400.html|work=www.trial-ch.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=S Leone militia leaders convicted|date=2007-08-02|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6927550.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cnlc2lui65anlz3vtv94z770inhmy0j 0 233555 1540509 1540032 2026-05-11T16:44:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stella Atkins''' ni [[Profesa]] Emerita wa sayansi ya [[kompyuta]] nchini [[Kanada|Canada]]. Yeye anahusishwa na Simon Fraser University, ambako amefanya utafiti na kufundisha katika nyanja za kompyuta, hasa matumizi ya teknolojia katika afya. Atkins ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa jamii ya Systers, mtandao wa kimataifa unaolenga kusaidia wanawake katika taaluma ya kompyuta na teknolojia. Utafiti wake mkuu unahusu kompyuta ya kitabibu (medical computing), ikijumuisha upasuaji wa laparoscopic, tafiti za usingizi, telehealth, pamoja na uchambuzi na uonyeshaji wa picha za kitabibu (medical image display and analysis).<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sfu.ca/aq/issues/november2001/features/stella-atkins.html|title=The Evolving Pattern that is Stella Atkins - November 2001 - Simon Fraser University|website=www.sfu.ca|access-date=2018-09-22}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} fpaeou1sjsh8n9jdveswah7y8xbl87r 1540676 1540509 2026-05-11T23:51:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stella Atkins''' ni [[Profesa]] Emerita wa sayansi ya [[kompyuta]] nchini [[Kanada|Canada]]. Yeye anahusishwa na Simon Fraser University, ambako amefanya utafiti na kufundisha katika nyanja za kompyuta, hasa matumizi ya teknolojia katika afya. Atkins ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa jamii ya Systers, mtandao wa kimataifa unaolenga kusaidia wanawake katika taaluma ya kompyuta na teknolojia. Utafiti wake mkuu unahusu kompyuta ya kitabibu (medical computing), ikijumuisha upasuaji wa laparoscopic, tafiti za usingizi, telehealth, pamoja na uchambuzi na uonyeshaji wa picha za kitabibu (medical image display and analysis).<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sfu.ca/aq/issues/november2001/features/stella-atkins.html|title=The Evolving Pattern that is Stella Atkins - November 2001 - Simon Fraser University|website=www.sfu.ca|access-date=2018-09-22}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} gyjs137jr7m71ev4ca33tr7jxybr99f 0 233559 1540333 1540036 2026-05-11T12:25:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1540333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerald Oliver Aspirall''' ([[1924]] – [[11 Septemba]] [[2005]]) alikuwa mwanakemia mwenye asili ya [[Uingereza]] na [[Kanada|Canada]]. Alikuwa Profesa Mwandamizi wa Utafiti (Distinguished Research Professor) katika York University kuanzia mwaka 1988, ambapo alifanya utafiti wa kina katika kemia. Mwaka 1991 alichaguliwa kuwa Mshiriki wa Royal Society of Canada, heshima inayotolewa kwa wasomi wakuu nchini Canada. Kabla ya hapo, mwaka 1986 alitunukiwa Claude Hudson Award na American Chemical Society kwa mchango wake katika kemia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://secretariat.info.yorku.ca/senate/awards-committee/distinguished-research-professors/|title=Distinguished Research Professors|publisher=yorku.ca|accessdate=February 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://rsc-src.ca/civicrm/file?reset=1&id=128&eid=625|title=Gerald Oliver Aspirall|publisher=rsc-src.ca|accessdate=February 4, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://yfile-archive.news.yorku.ca/2005/09/16/memorial-service-today-for-distinguished-research-prof-gerald-aspinall/|title=Memorial Service|date=16 September 2005|publisher=yorku.ca|accessdate=February 4, 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1924]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] 3hwvr92cgx0k80n5m31ubagckwc9qgv 0 233565 1540525 1540046 2026-05-11T17:26:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wayne Harley Brachman''' ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] mpishi wa vitindamlo, mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi, na mtangazaji wa televisheni.<ref>{{cite news |title=As French as Apple Pie |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/17/dining/17PIES.html?pagewanted=print&position=](https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/17/dining/17PIES.html?pagewanted=print&position=) |work=[[New York Times]] |date=2004-11-17 |accessdate=2008-02-25 | first=Florence | last=Fabricant}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Wayne Harley Brachman |url=[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2471450/](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2471450/) |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa watazamaji kama mmoja wa watangazaji wenza waliokuwa wakibadilishana katika kipindi cha Food Network kiitwacho ''Melting Pot'', kilichoonyeshwa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000. Kipindi hicho kilikuwa na wapishi wawili katika kila sehemu wakipika vyakula vinavyoakisi tamaduni na asili zao za kikabila.<ref>{{Citation |title=Melting Pot |type=Reality-TV |url=[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0910332/?ref_=nm_flmg_knf_t_3](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0910332/?ref_=nm_flmg_knf_t_3) |access-date=2024-09-30 |others=Michael Symon, Wayne Harley Brachman, Padma Lakshmi}}</ref> Vipindi vya Brachman viliongozwa pamoja na Michael Symon.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Neese |first=Joseph |date=2019-12-07 |title=Iron chef Michael Symon had to change his mindset about food in order to heal himself |url=[https://www.salon.com/2019/12/07/iron-chef-michael-symon-had-to-change-his-mindset-about-food-in-order-to-heal-himself/](https://www.salon.com/2019/12/07/iron-chef-michael-symon-had-to-change-his-mindset-about-food-in-order-to-heal-himself/) |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=Salon |language=en}}</ref> Brachman alitumia urithi wake wa Kiyahudi katika mapishi yake, huku Symon akipika mapishi ya familia kutoka kwa babu yake wa Kiromania. Vipindi vyao viliorodheshwa kama vya vyakula vya Ulaya Mashariki kulingana na mgawanyo wa kipindi hicho.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=[https://www.foodnetwork.com/shows/melting-pot?oc=linkback](https://www.foodnetwork.com/shows/melting-pot?oc=linkback) |title=Melting Pot |language=en |access-date=2024-09-29 |via=[www.foodnetwork.com](http://www.foodnetwork.com)}}</ref> Brachman pia alionekana mara nyingi kama mtangazaji mgeni mwenza katika kipindi cha vitindamlo cha Food Network kiitwacho ''Sweet Dreams'', kilichoongozwa na Gale Gand.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=[https://www.foodnetwork.com/shows/sweet-dreams](https://www.foodnetwork.com/shows/sweet-dreams) |title=Sweet Dreams |language=en |access-date=2024-09-29 |via=[www.foodnetwork.com](http://www.foodnetwork.com)}}</ref> Aidha, alifanya kazi kama msemaji wa kampuni ya Hass Avocados from Mexico katikati hadi mwishoni mwa miaka ya 2000.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XgmrzU_s3U](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XgmrzU_s3U) |title=Hass Avocados - "Hass"pitality Snacks |date=2009-03-13 |last=RuskinInternational |access-date=2024-09-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMOxj5ukHCg](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMOxj5ukHCg) |title=Hass Avocados 2007 Satellite Media Tour with Wayne Harley and Dave Blaney |date=2009-03-14 |last=RuskinInternational |access-date=2024-09-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] a4dju13h021cesaxwd6oa0b68cxkiqt 0 233566 1540517 1540047 2026-05-11T17:00:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Trey Anthony''' (aliyezaliwa [[18 Februari]] [[1974]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia, muigizaji, na mtayarishaji kutoka [[Kanada|Canada]] mwenye asili ya United Kingdom. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake maarufu ya tamthilia na kipindi cha televisheni Da Kink in My Hair, ambacho kilipata tuzo na umaarufu mkubwa. Kama mtayarishaji, alifanya kazi na Women's Television Network na pia katika Urban Women's Comedy Festival. Aidha, alianzisha Trey Anthony Studios, kampuni inayolenga kuzalisha kazi mpya za sanaa ya maigizo na televisheni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.treyanthonystudios.com|title=Trey Anthony Studios|website=www.treyanthonystudios.com|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] 2onq814zp49qmtsc4f3i48ynzyemn84 0 233568 1540696 1540050 2026-05-12T00:36:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sébastien Canonne''' MOF (amezaliwa mwaka 1968)<ref>Virginia Gerst, [[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2005/06/01/creme-of-the-crop/](https://www.chicagotribune.com/2005/06/01/creme-of-the-crop/) "Crème of the crop,"] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', Juni 1, 2005.</ref> ni mpishi wa vitamu kutoka [[Ufaransa]] na mwanzilishi mwenza wa French Pastry School mjini Chicago, jukwaa la mtandaoni la Butter Book, pamoja na kampuni ya EQUII. Mwaka 2004 alipata hadhi ya Meilleur Ouvrier de France, moja ya heshima kubwa kwa mafundi na wataalamu nchini Ufaransa. Mwaka 2012 alitunukiwa hadhi ya shujaa (knight) na serikali ya Ufaransa katika Order of Academic Palms, na mwaka 2015 katika National Order of the Legion of Honour.<ref name="jrfuller">Janet Rausa Fuller, [[https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20150915/loop/chicago-pastry-chef-sebastien-canonne-wins-frances-top-award](https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20150915/loop/chicago-pastry-chef-sebastien-canonne-wins-frances-top-award){{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}"Chicago Pastry Chef Sebastien Canonne Wins France's Top Award,"] [[DNAinfo.com|DNAinfo Chicago]], Septemba 15, 2015.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] sv43aect5jazu77ayebjp5j25b3rvku 0 233570 1540329 1540267 2026-05-11T12:20:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frederick William Archer''' ([[17 Agosti]] [[1859]] – [[19 Oktoba]] [[1936]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa ngazi ya mkoa katika Alberta nchini [[Kanada]]. Alizaliwa nchini Ireland na alihamia Kanada mwaka 1883. Baadaye alihudumu katika Boulton's Mounted Infantry wakati wa North-West Rebellion. Archer aligombea kwa mara ya kwanza katika uchaguzi wa Alberta mwaka 1913 na akamshinda mgombea wa Liberal John Simpson kwa tofauti ya kura 10, akichukua kiti hicho kwa Chama cha Conservative. Alihudumu kwa muhula mmoja kama mwanachama wa upinzani rasmi. Katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 1917, alishindwa na Daniel Morkberg wa Liberal alipokuwa akijaribu kuchaguliwa tena.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zaQKAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Archer,+frederick+william%22|title=The Canadian Parliamentary Guide|year=1914}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1859]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1936]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kanada]] fdst19nbi7wkhygr2xprv79eh4o5qmn 0 233571 1540494 1540053 2026-05-11T16:06:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippe Conticini''' (amezaliwa 16 Agosti 1963) ni [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] [[mpishi]] na mpishi wa vitindamlo. Philippe Conticini ameelezewa na vyombo vya habari vya Ufaransa kama “gwiji wa vitindamlo” na “mmoja wa wapishi wakubwa zaidi wa vitindamlo wa kizazi chake”.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2020-06-03 |title=[Top Chef 2020] 9 choses à savoir sur Philippe Conticini, génie de la pâtisserie |url=[https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/plaisirs/saveurs/top-chef-2020-9-choses-a-savoir-sur-philippe-conticini-genie-xxl-de-la-patisserie_2127310.html](https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/plaisirs/saveurs/top-chef-2020-9-choses-a-savoir-sur-philippe-conticini-genie-xxl-de-la-patisserie_2127310.html) |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=L'Express |language=fr}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa ubunifu wake katika sanaa ya vitindamlo vya Kifaransa na mchango wake katika maendeleo ya upishi wa kisasa wa desserts. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ehi0ebi2q5wbvcj1qy1c7429rtelwln 0 233576 1540313 1540058 2026-05-11T12:06:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Falkner''' (amezaliwa 1966) ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] [[mpishi]] na mmiliki wa mikahawa. Ameonekana kama mshiriki na jaji katika mashindano ya upishi ya televisheni ya aina ya reality show, na pia ni mmoja wa washiriki wa kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Top Chef''. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Elizabeth Falkner alizaliwa mwaka 1966 katika [[San Francisco]], California, na kulelewa Kusini mwa California.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Falkner, Elizabeth, 1966- |url=[https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2021054332.html](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2021054332.html) |website=LOC |publisher=The Library of Congress}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Lucchesi |first=Paolo |date=2012-06-03 |title=Citizen Cake's Elizabeth Falkner leaving for N.Y. |url=[https://www.sfgate.com/restaurants/article/Citizen-Cake-s-Elizabeth-Falkner-leaving-for-N-Y-3603021.php](https://www.sfgate.com/restaurants/article/Citizen-Cake-s-Elizabeth-Falkner-leaving-for-N-Y-3603021.php) |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=SFGATE |language=en-US}}</ref> Baba yake alikuwa profesa wa sanaa.<ref name=":0" /> Falkner alihitimu kutoka San Francisco Art Institute mwaka 1989 akiwa na shahada ya BFA (Bachelor of Fine Arts).<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1966|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 6sdbds0fagszoc9l5psw2o04ta2y0ae 0 233582 1540396 1540064 2026-05-11T13:52:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Komba Claudius Gbamanja''' (1925 - 2009) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha upinzani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Alikuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Sierra Leone akiwakilisha Wilaya ya Kono. Alikuwa mwanachama wa kabila la Kono. == <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hon K. C. Gbamanja: The passing of a great Kono leader – Sierra Express Media|url=https://sierraexpressmedia.com/?p=1867|work=sierraexpressmedia.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB}}</ref>Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] i2rlwo83yo9qcc4fsx0cjs61mh7fzyx 0 233588 1540343 1540070 2026-05-11T12:38:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Herbert''' '''George'''-'''Williams''' ni mwanasiasa wa Sierra Leone na aliyekuwa meya wa Freetown. Anatoka chama cha kisiasa cha All People's Congress (APC). Mnamo Januari 17, 2008, George-Williams alichukua nafasi ya meya aliyeng'olewa madarakani, Winstanley Bankole Johnson.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Herbert George-Williams is the new Mayor of Freetown in Sierra Leone: Sierra Leone News|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/exec/view.cgi?archive=5&num=7410|work=news.sl|accessdate=2026-05-11|author=Sylvia Blyden}}</ref> Kama ilivyokuwa kwa Johnson, George-Williams {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} pia ni wa kabila la Krio (''Creole''). Aliondolewa madarakani kwa tuhuma mbalimbali za ufisadi, lakini katika kesi iliyofuata, karibu tuhuma zote zilitupiliwa mbali. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] s910ssbg1tz2hgb0n6y8503be9wr2lu 0 233593 1540328 1540075 2026-05-11T12:19:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frank''' '''Kposowa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyemteuliwa mwaka 2007.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> 5hl9a0yikurum56hs7sud4j9l2fscx2 0 233596 1540496 1540078 2026-05-11T16:07:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Hermé''' ({{IPA|fr|pjɛʁ ɛʁme}}; amezaliwa 20 Novemba 1961) ni [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) na mtengeneza chokoleti (chocolatier). Alianza kazi yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 kama mwanafunzi wa Gaston Lenôtre. Jarida la ''Vogue'' lilimpa jina la “Picasso wa vitindamlo”, na mwaka 2016 alitunukiwa hadhi ya Mpishi Bora wa Vitindamlo Duniani na The World's 50 Best Restaurants.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[https://www.lepoint.fr/gastronomie/pierre-herme-sacre-meilleur-patissier-du-monde-14-06-2016-2046470_82.php|title=Pierre](https://www.lepoint.fr/gastronomie/pierre-herme-sacre-meilleur-patissier-du-monde-14-06-2016-2046470_82.php|title=Pierre) Hermé sacré "meilleur pâtissier du monde"|date=2016-06-14|newspaper=Le Point|language=fr-FR|access-date=2016-11-24}}</ref> Pia aliorodheshwa kama Mfaransa wa nne mwenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi duniani na jarida la ''Vanity Fair''.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[https://www.vanityfair.fr/actualites/pouvoir/diaporama/les-50-francais-les-plus-influents-du-monde-2016/38807#4-pierre-herme-patissier-55-ans|title=Les](https://www.vanityfair.fr/actualites/pouvoir/diaporama/les-50-francais-les-plus-influents-du-monde-2016/38807#4-pierre-herme-patissier-55-ans|title=Les) 50 Français les plus influents du monde|newspaper=Vanity Fair|access-date=2016-11-24}}</ref> Mwaka 1998, Hermé alianzisha chapa yake mwenyewe pamoja na Charles Znaty. Ameandika au kushiriki kuandika zaidi ya vitabu 40. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ls1qj9onkzcxfmw4npvqfguwbsexv9n 0 233617 1540358 1540101 2026-05-11T13:02:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Arouna Karimu''' ni mwanachama wa kabila la Mende anayetokea katika Kijiji cha Daru, Wilaya ya Kailahun, katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Alikuwa mhadhiri katika Chuo cha Fourah Bay, ambapo alikutana na mke wake, Gertrude Gbessay Karimu (aliyezaliwa Sellu), ambaye pia alikuwa mwanafunzi hapo. Baadaye alifanya kazi katika Mradi wa Bo/Pujehun. Kisha akawa Mkurugenzi wa shirika la CUSO nchini Gambia.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000637844|title=Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments|last=National Foreign Assessment Center (U.S.)|last2=United States|last3=National Foreign Assessment Center (U.S.)|date=-2003|publisher=The Center : Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project, Exchange and Gift Division, Library of Congress distributor ; National Technical Information Service distributor|location=Washington, D.C. : Springfield, Va.}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] jn481yf2w5unk29zy7gccw9v7lm0958 0 233620 1540462 1540104 2026-05-11T14:52:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540462 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Momodu''' '''Kargbo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwanauchumi wa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Fedha wa Sierra Leone kuanzia Machi 13, 2016 hadi Aprili 2018. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama gavana wa Benki ya Sierra Leone tangu Julai 17, 2014 hadi mwaka 2016.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Momodu Kargbo|url=https://www.betterthancash.org/about/contributors/momodu-kargbo|work=Better Than Cash Alliance|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Momudu Kargbo|url=https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/m/momudu-kargbo|work=World Bank Live|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] kjqgw6xvwo5dag9egtnld5g4pbfy934 0 233621 1540365 1540105 2026-05-11T13:13:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karefa Kargbo''' (aliyezaliwa mnamo Agosti 1967) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Speaker|url=https://events.nma.gov.sl/speaker/|work=Sierra Leone Mining Week|date=2018-10-05|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref>. Alikuwa waziri wa mambo ya nje chini ya Valentine Strasser mnamo mwaka 1993 na 1994, wakati wa utawala wa National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), baraza la kijeshi lililopindua utawala wa Rais Joseph Saidu Momoh.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Foreign ministers S-Z|url=https://www.rulers.org/fm4.html|work=www.rulers.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> j0zwdha7d914x0tptp2pkg9on7p80zr 0 233625 1540317 1540114 2026-05-11T12:07:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1540317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily Underhill Luchetti''' (née Emily White Underhill; alizaliwa mwaka 1957)<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari |date=1992-02-26 |title=Corning native 'wrote the book for home cooks' |pages=21 |work=Star-Gazette |url=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37734640/1992-home-cook/](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37734640/1992-home-cook/) |access-date=2022-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Luchetti, Emily 1957- |url=[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/luchetti-emily-1957](https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/luchetti-emily-1957) |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> ni mpishi wa vitamu (pastry chef), mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi (cookbook author), na mwalimu kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni mshindi wa Tuzo ya James Beard ya mwaka 2004 katika kipengele cha Mpishi Bora wa Vitamu (Outstanding Pastry Chef).<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Fabricant |first=Florence |date=2004-05-12 |title=New York Tops List of Winners at Beard Awards |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/12/dining/new-york-tops-list-of-winners-at-beard-awards.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/12/dining/new-york-tops-list-of-winners-at-beard-awards.html) |access-date=2022-11-13 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=May 13, 2004 |title=2004 James Beard winners named |url=[https://www.post-gazette.com/life/food/2004/05/13/2004-James-Beard-winners-named/stories/200405130173](https://www.post-gazette.com/life/food/2004/05/13/2004-James-Beard-winners-named/stories/200405130173) |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] osx5pc9yfvevslst0o016rbb4ywqizc 0 233632 1540459 1540126 2026-05-11T14:51:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed''' '''Lamin''' '''Kamara''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1943) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Kamara alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia mwaka 1992 hadi 1993. Chini ya utawala wa Ahmed Tejan Kabbah, alikuwa Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=We5yAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Mohamed+Lamin+Kamara%22|title=West Africa|date=1992|publisher=West Africa Publishing Company, Limited|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dtwmpyjwu3fesr1l96ncydunfm6hxkh 0 233639 1540355 1540133 2026-05-11T12:55:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Philippe Maury''' ni [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef), ambaye kwa sasa anamiliki iDessert katika [[San Diego]] na pia anasimamia maduka mawili ya vitindamlo yaliyopo ndani ya meli za kitalii. == Maisha ya awali na historia == Maury alizaliwa na kukulia katika [[Perpignan]], kusini mwa [[Ufaransa]]. Akiwa na umri wa miaka minane, alikuwa akimsaidia shangazi yake wakati wa kuoka, jambo lililomfanya apate hamasa na kuvutiwa na sanaa ya vitindamlo.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title = Interview with Jean-Philippe Maury, an Executive Pastry Chef at Jean-Philippe Pâtisserie |url = [http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|website](http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|website) = frenchquartermag.com|accessdate = 2015-11-23|archive-date = 2015-11-24|archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20151124114124/http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|url-status](https://web.archive.org/web/20151124114124/http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|url-status) = dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] oav1bax6u6dnmwf26g5poctnk673b7a 0 233641 1540498 1540137 2026-05-11T16:20:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Philippe Maury''' ni [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef), ambaye kwa sasa anamiliki iDessert katika [[San Diego]] na pia anasimamia maduka mawili ya vitindamlo yaliyopo ndani ya meli za kitalii. == Maisha ya awali na historia == Maury alizaliwa na kukulia katika [[Perpignan]], kusini mwa [[Ufaransa]]. Akiwa na umri wa miaka minane, alikuwa akimsaidia shangazi yake wakati wa kuoka, jambo lililomfanya apate hamasa na kuvutiwa na sanaa ya vitindamlo.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title = Interview with Jean-Philippe Maury, an Executive Pastry Chef at Jean-Philippe Pâtisserie |url = [http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|website](http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|website) = frenchquartermag.com|accessdate = 2015-11-23|archive-date = 2015-11-24|archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20151124114124/http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|url-status](https://web.archive.org/web/20151124114124/http://frenchquartermag.com/interview-with-jean-philippe-maury-an-executive-pastry-chef-at-jean-philippe-patisserie-in-bellagio-and-aria/|url-status) = dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] oav1bax6u6dnmwf26g5poctnk673b7a 0 233652 1540495 1540151 2026-05-11T16:07:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pichet Ong''' (hutamkwa “pee-shay”, alizaliwa 28 Oktoba 1969) ni mpishi wa vitamu (pastry chef) ambaye ameteuliwa mara tano kwa tuzo ya James Beard Award. Yeye ni mtaalamu anayejulikana kwa ubunifu wake katika utengenezaji wa dessert na keki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://edibledc.com/stories/talking-cake-with-star-baker-pichet-ong|title=Talking Cake with Star Baker Pichet Ong|date=August 29, 2019|access-date=May 24, 2021|archive-date=May 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524093724/http://edibledc.com/stories/talking-cake-with-star-baker-pichet-ong|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1969|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 177x9w46se3wko36km5019azs6aupi0 0 233655 1540511 1540155 2026-05-11T16:49:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tamba E. Kaingbanja''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha upinzani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Yeye ni mbunge katika Bunge la Sierra Leone, akiwakilisha Wilaya ya Kono. Kaingbanja anatokea katika kabila la Wakono.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How to Simplify Your Financial Life in the United Kingdom {{!}} SLPP|url=https://www.slpp.ws/|work=How to Simplify Your Financial Life in the United Kingdom {{!}} SLPP|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Contributions of Robert Owen (1771-1858) to the Development of Economic Thought and Socialism|url=https://wp.towson.edu/iajournal/articles/1980-1989/spring-1989/contributions-of-robert-owen-1771-1858-to-the-development-of-economic-thought-and-socialism/|work=Towson University Journal of International Affairs|date=2016-11-14|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] lthwyo1odozkcbpeabvigy2qj60yzd5 0 233657 1540460 1540157 2026-05-11T14:52:15Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alhaji''' '''Moijueh''' '''Emmanuel''' '''Kaikai''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] na amekuwa Waziri wa Ustawi wa Jamii, Jinsia na Masuala ya Watoto wa Sierra Leone tangu mwaka 2013. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri Mkazi wa Mkoa wa Kusini, na Naibu Waziri wa Kazi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone Web - President Koroma's Third Cabinet|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/koromacabinet3.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=As Moijueh Kai Kai boost Gondahun, Mkangi residents …Benja set to get Court Barry « Awoko Newspaper|url=http://awoko.org/2009/05/21/as-moijueh-kai-kai-boost-gondahun-mkangi-residents-%E2%80%A6benja-set-to-get-court-barry/|work=awoko.org|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> 687vjf2zlqzq6f7y1m556hb8n9z2o4k 0 233661 1540504 1540162 2026-05-11T16:40:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540504 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soccoh Kabia''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na daktari wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Afya, Waziri wa Ustawi wa Jamii, Jinsia na Masuala ya Watoto, na Waziri wa Uvuvi na Rasilimali za Bahari nchini Sierra Leone kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2013.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Francis Obai Kabia: SLPP Flag bearer Aspirant opens up in Dallas|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/francis-obai-kabia-slpp-flag-bearer-aspirant-opens-up-in-dallas|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2010-12-28|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] gdbktg6q9w36ehllblfsboawbc7hpx7 0 233663 1540515 1540166 2026-05-11T16:57:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alie Koblo Queen Kabia II''' (aliyezaliwa Alhaji Alie Osman Kabia) alikuwa chifu mkuu wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Mnamo mwaka 1986, alimrithi Bai Koblo Pathbana II na kutawazwa kuwa Chifu Mkuu wa 44 wa Chifu ya Marampa (Marampa Chiefdom). Alitawala kutoka makao yake makuu huko Lunsar, Wilaya ya Port Loko, nchini Sierra Leone.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=African Business|url=https://african.business//2023/08/apo-newsfeed/african-union-committee-of-experts-on-the-rights-and-welfare-of-the-child-meets-with-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs|work=African Business|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rwg835axzxytrpbt1rmy70gfjf5zlvb 0 233667 1540444 1540170 2026-05-11T14:39:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michelle Polzine''' ni mpishi wa vitamu (pastry chef) kutoka [[Marekani]], mwandishi, na mmiliki wa zamani wa 20th Century Café iliyokuwa katika [[San Francisco]], [[California]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Michelle Polzine |url=[https://www.foodandwine.com/author/michelle-polzine](https://www.foodandwine.com/author/michelle-polzine) |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=Food & Wine |language=en}}</ref> Pia ni mwandishi wa kitabu cha mapishi kinachozingatia desserts za Ulaya, ''Baking at the 20th Century Cafe: iconic European desserts from linzer torte to honey cake'', kilichochapishwa mwaka 2020.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Polzine |first1=Michelle |title=Baking at the 20th Century Cafe: iconic European desserts from linzer torte to honey cake |last2=Brackett |first2=Aya |date=2020 |publisher=Artisan Books |others=20th Century Cafe (San Francisco, Calif.) |isbn=978-1-57965-898-4 |location=New York}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] k8tx4tgxaexh7t7ox7so79wrmco2v9j 0 233668 1540304 1540172 2026-05-11T12:00:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donatella Albano''' (alizaliwa 21 Januari 1958) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha Kidemokrasia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Donatella Albano|url=[http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Attsen/00029035.htm|website=Senate](http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede_v3/Attsen/00029035.htm|website=Senate) of the Republic|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka 2014, alihudumu kama Seneta katika Bunge la Italia akiwakilisha mkoa wa [[Liguria]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Donatella Albano vince le primarie del Partito Democratico in provincia di Imperia|url=[http://www.sanremonews.it/2012/12/29/sommario/annunci/leggi-notizia/argomenti/politica-1/articolo/donatella-albano-vince-le-primarie-del-partito-democratico-grazie-a-tutti.html|publisher=San](http://www.sanremonews.it/2012/12/29/sommario/annunci/leggi-notizia/argomenti/politica-1/articolo/donatella-albano-vince-le-primarie-del-partito-democratico-grazie-a-tutti.html|publisher=San) Remo News|date=29 Desemba 2012|language=it|access-date=13 Juni 2014|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143810/http://www.sanremonews.it/2012/12/29/sommario/annunci/leggi-notizia/argomenti/politica-1/articolo/donatella-albano-vince-le-primarie-del-partito-democratico-grazie-a-tutti.html|archive-date=14](https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143810/http://www.sanremonews.it/2012/12/29/sommario/annunci/leggi-notizia/argomenti/politica-1/articolo/donatella-albano-vince-le-primarie-del-partito-democratico-grazie-a-tutti.html|archive-date=14) Julai 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] fr1gbm7pu61a31t3qyfixfnses8h6vx 0 233670 1540434 1540175 2026-05-11T14:20:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540434 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marc Rivière''' (18 Novemba 1950 – 22 Desemba 2025) alikuwa mkurugenzi wa filamu, mwigizaji na mwandishi wa hati za filamu kutoka [[Ufaransa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba84bbc34|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227234633/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba84bbc34|url-status=dead|archive-date=27](https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba84bbc34|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227234633/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba84bbc34|url-status=dead|archive-date=27) Desemba 2017|title=Marc Rivière|website=BFI}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|2025}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 02l4z7pifagvm2qzoe2p514a4zxa8or 0 233671 1540305 1540176 2026-05-11T12:01:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucia Albano''' (alizaliwa 11 Februari 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kutoka chama cha Brothers of Italy.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=308421&idLegislatura=18|title=Lucia](https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=308421&idLegislatura=18|title=Lucia) Albano - XVIII Legislatura|website=Camera dei Deputies|publisher=Parlamento Italiano|access-date=11 Juni 2022|language=it}}</ref> Aliingia katika Bunge la Italia mwezi Oktoba 2020 baada ya kuchukua nafasi ya mbunge aliyekuwa amejiuzulu.<ref>{{cite web|date=21 Septemba 2020|title=Alla Camera Lucia Albano subentra ad Acquaroli|url=[https://www.cronachemaceratesi.it/2020/09/21/alla-camera-lucia-albano-subentra-ad-acquaroli-festeggero-a-casa/1448909/|website=Cronache](https://www.cronachemaceratesi.it/2020/09/21/alla-camera-lucia-albano-subentra-ad-acquaroli-festeggero-a-casa/1448909/|website=Cronache) Maceratesi|access-date=19 Oktoba 2021|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] hmt9wuqshzieyj47kv4n2wg7626zw7a 0 233672 1540308 1540177 2026-05-11T12:02:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesca Alderisi''' (alizaliwa 29 Machi 1968) ni mwanasiasa na mtangazaji wa televisheni kutoka [[Italia]]. Tangu |uchaguzi mkuu wa 2018, ni Seneta katika Bunge la Seneti la Jamhuri ya Italia akiwakilisha chama cha Forza Italia katika eneo la Amerika Kaskazini na Kati.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 Machi 2018|title=Italiani all'estero, Francesca Alderisi senatrice|url=[https://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/italiani-allestero-francesca-alderisi-senatrice-commossa-grazie-tutti-cita-tremaglia/|website=Italia](https://www.italiachiamaitalia.it/italiani-allestero-francesca-alderisi-senatrice-commossa-grazie-tutti-cita-tremaglia/|website=Italia) Chiama Italia|access-date=16 Machi 2022|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] dt3z6iloeh2aicqjh9ep1uyat9phlf4 0 233687 1540309 1540193 2026-05-11T12:03:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Soave Alemanno''' (alizaliwa 15 Aprili 1972) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 akiwa mwanachama wa Five Star Movement. Baadaye aliondoka katika chama hicho kutokana na mgogoro wa serikali wa 2022 na kujiunga na chama cha Italia Viva. Alishindwa kurejea bungeni katika uchaguzi mkuu wa 2022.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maria Soave Alemanno|url=[https://storia.camera.it/deputato/maria-soave-alemanno-19720415|website=Camera](https://storia.camera.it/deputato/maria-soave-alemanno-19720415|website=Camera) dei Deputati|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] s14pq956mpksmn9jnh9khy5fdlpq69s 0 233688 1540310 1540194 2026-05-11T12:03:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valeria Alessandrini''' (alizaliwa 26 Agosti 1975) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Senato della Repubblica - Scheda di attività di Valeria Alessandrini|url=[http://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00035119.htm|website=senato.it|access-date=22](http://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00035119.htm|website=senato.it|access-date=22) Novemba 2020}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] 4ip9anposxmn6qydgoizjvumm4aem93 0 233693 1540311 1540219 2026-05-11T12:05:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Parra Martínez''' ([[28 Agosti]] [[1925]] – [[29 Februari]] [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[beki]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini [[Blanes]], [[Girona]], [[Catalonia]]. Maisha yake yote ya soka la kulipwa aliyatumia akiwa na RCD Espanyol katika eneo lake la nyumbani. Alijiunga na klabu hiyo mwaka 1947 akitokea Terrassa FC na baadaye akacheza misimu 12 katika [[La Liga]] akiwa na Español. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://hallofameperico.wordpress.com/category/hall-of-famers-del-rcde/parra|title=Josep PARRA|publisher=Hall of Fame Perico|language=Spanish|date=21 May 2009|accessdate=10 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/nos-deja-parra-una-leyenda-del-espanyol/_n:2306/|title=Nos deja Parra, una leyenda del Espanyol|trans-title=Espanyol legend Parra leaves us|publisher=RCD Espanyol|language=Spanish|date=29 February 2016|accessdate=8 March 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1925|2016}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] bhbyd4n49i5fmvubmn6zuk652khqdvq 0 233695 1540312 1540235 2026-05-11T12:05:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luis Casas Pasarín''' ([[16 Aprili]] [[1902]] – [[17 Agosti]] [[1986]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama [[beki]], na baadaye akawa [[kocha]]. ==Maisha ya uchezaji== Pasarín alizaliwa mjini [[Pontevedra]], [[Galicia]] na alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na RC Celta de Vigo. Alikuwa mmoja wa [[Nahodha]] wa kwanza wa klabu hiyo, na alishiriki katika mashindano rasmi ya kwanza kabisa ya klabu, Mashindano ya Galicia ya mwaka 1923, ambayo Celta de Vigo ilitwaa ubingwa wake. <ref name=CELTA>[https://yojugueenelcelta.blogspot.com/2008/04/luis-casas-pasarn.html Luis Casas Pasarín]; Yo Jugué en el Celta, 20 April 2008 (in Spanish)</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1902|1986}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] cbreeq8i49dtr7zpmp8pxkyi26gj9vi 0 233696 1540314 1540238 2026-05-11T12:06:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernardino Pérez Elizarán''' ([[21 Mei]] [[1925]] – [[21 Oktoba]] [[2002]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Pasieguito''', alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Kama mchezaji, katika kipindi cha miaka 18 ya uchezaji wake, Pasieguito alichezea klabu tatu, zikiwemo vipindi kadhaa akiwa na Valencia CF. <ref>{{Cite web |last=AS |first=Diario |date=2002-10-22 |title=Pasieguito, el técnico que trajo a Kempes y a Mijatovic a España |url=https://as.com/futbol/2002/10/22/mas_futbol/1035237605_850215.html |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=AS.com |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=324cat |date=2002-10-22 |title=Mor als 77 anys "Pasieguito", ídol a València i el tècnic que va situar el Sabadell a l'elit |url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/mor-als-77-anys-pasieguito-idol-a-valencia-i-el-tecnic-que-va-situar-el-sabadell-a-lelit/noticia/21446/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=CCMA |language=ca}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1925|2002}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] e396t06u6t5ppnh3k1zte0gr6kxw7w9 1540489 1540314 2026-05-11T16:02:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernardino Pérez Elizarán''' ([[21 Mei]] [[1925]] – [[21 Oktoba]] [[2002]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Pasieguito''', alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Kama mchezaji, katika kipindi cha miaka 18 ya uchezaji wake, Pasieguito alichezea klabu tatu, zikiwemo vipindi kadhaa akiwa na Valencia CF. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=AS |first=Diario |date=2002-10-22 |title=Pasieguito, el técnico que trajo a Kempes y a Mijatovic a España |url=https://as.com/futbol/2002/10/22/mas_futbol/1035237605_850215.html |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=AS.com |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=324cat |date=2002-10-22 |title=Mor als 77 anys "Pasieguito", ídol a València i el tècnic que va situar el Sabadell a l'elit |url=https://www.ccma.cat/324/mor-als-77-anys-pasieguito-idol-a-valencia-i-el-tecnic-que-va-situar-el-sabadell-a-lelit/noticia/21446/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=CCMA |language=ca}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1925|2002}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] si5qlrhasan1sw4f2cmhm8xzdtbctlv 0 233702 1540506 1540245 2026-05-11T16:43:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stanley Wei Rui Tang''' (Alizaliwa [[1992]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] bilionea wa teknolojia nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Steven|date=2015-11-09|title=DoorDash Wants to Own the Last Mile |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/11/doordash-wants-to-own-the-last-mile/|access-date=2021-01-24|magazine=Wired|language=en-US}}</ref> Alijulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi mwenza na afisa mkuu wa bidhaa katika ''DoorDash'', ambayo alianza pamoja na [[Tony Xu]], [[Andy Fang]] na [[Evan Moore]] mwaka [[2013]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Manfredi|first=Lucas|date=2020-12-09|title=DoorDash IPO turns CEO Tony Xu, co-founders Andy Fang, Stanley Tang into billionaires|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/doordash-ipo-turns-ceo-tony-xu-into-billionaire|access-date=2021-01-09|website=FOXBusiness|language=en-US}}</ref>DoorDash ilifanya IPO yake mnamo Desemba [[2020]], na kufanya utajiri wa Tang kukadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 2.2 wakati huo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stanley Tang Net Worth |url=https://www.quiverquant.com/insiders/1832614/Stanley-Tang |website=Quiver Quantitative |access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 95d3gq0ztdnp9fkyok7k240lbew4ahg 0 233706 1540316 1540259 2026-05-11T12:07:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murtaza Razvi''' ([[17 Desemba]] [[1964]] – [[19 Aprili]] [[2012]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] mwandamizi kutoka Pakistan aliyefanya kazi na gazeti la Dawn huko Karachi, Pakistan. Mbali na kujua lugha ya Kiurdu na Kiingereza, pia alikuwa na ujuzi wa lugha za Kijerumani, Kifaransa, Kihindi na Kiajemi.<ref name="Tribune">{{cite news|author=Tooba Masood and Saad Hasan|title=Mystery crime: Journalist found dead in artist's DHA studio - Murtaza Razvi was the head of Dawn's magazines|newspaper=The Express Tribune newspaper|date=19 April 2012|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/367240/mystery-crime-journalist-found-dead-in-artist%E2%80%99s-dha-studio|access-date=28 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926224626/https://tribune.com.pk/story/367240/mystery-crime-journalist-found-dead-in-artist%E2%80%99s-dha-studio|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] [[Jamii:watu wa Pakistan]] cxi4nuofc0pabvnp9rriow39l7ulg6b 0 233709 1540318 1540255 2026-05-11T12:08:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giorgia Andreuzza''' (alizaliwa 11 Desemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307686&idpersona=307686&idlegislatura=19|title=Andreuzza Giorgia – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Alikuwa diwani wa manispaa ya Noventa di Piave kuanzia mwaka 2012 hadi 2015 na kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/giorgia-andreuzza-1973-12-11|title=Giorgia Andreuzza|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1973||Andreuzza, Giorgia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] 88llo9kz5r90csh92ain5q7v150m887 0 233712 1540319 1540264 2026-05-11T12:08:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joaquín Peiró Lucas''' ([[29 Januari]] [[1936]] – [[18 Machi]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alicheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji na alijitokeza zaidi akiwa na Atlético Madrid, ambapo alianza na pia kumalizia taaluma yake ya kulipwa. Akiwa na klabu hiyo alicheza mechi 166 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 95 katika misimu minane. Baadaye alihamia Italia, ambako alicheza kwa takriban miaka kumi akiwa na klabu tatu tofauti. Pia aliwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Hispania katika [[Kombe la Dunia]] mara mbili. Kuanzia mwaka 1978, Peiró alianza kazi ya ukocha ambayo iliendelea kwa karibu miaka 30 kabla ya kustaafu. <ref name=Gentleman>{{cite web|url=https://murciaplaza.com/joaquin-peiro-un-caballero-del-futbol-que-con-18-anos-fue-clave-para-llevar-al-murcia-a-primera|title=Joaquín Peiró, un caballero del fútbol que con 18 años fue clave para llevar al Murcia a Primera|trans-title=Joaquín Peiró, a football gentleman who at age 18 was key in taking Murcia to ''Primera''|publisher=Murcia Plaza|first=Manuel|last=G. Tallón|language=es|date=18 March 2020|access-date=14 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marca.com/2012/09/05/futbol/equipos/atletico/1346827047.html|title=La Recopa del Atlético cumple 50 años|trans-title=50th anniversary of Atlético's Cup Winners' Cup|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|first=Javier|last=Vega|language=es|date=5 September 2012|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1936|2020}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] l4uanm4usemkm6h7gceov0j4o1t4nf3 0 233714 1540359 1540268 2026-05-11T13:03:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordi Roca i Fontané''' (amezaliwa 2 Mei 1978) ni mpishi kutoka [[Hispania]] na mpishi wa vitamu (pastry chef) katika mgahawa maarufu wa El Celler de Can Roca. Mwaka 2014 alishinda tuzo ya kwanza ya “Mpishi Bora wa Vitamu Duniani” (World’s Best Pastry Chef) kutoka jarida la Restaurant.<ref>[[http://www.theworlds50best.com/awards/best-pastry-chef](http://www.theworlds50best.com/awards/best-pastry-chef)] The World’s 50 Best</ref> Mwezi Aprili 2018, alionekana katika kipindi cha Netflix cha ''Chef’s Table: Pastry'' kilichomshirikisha kama mmoja wa wahusika wakuu.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[https://www.eater.com/2018/4/13/17223238/chefs-table-pastry-jordi-roca-recap-episode-3|title='Chef's](https://www.eater.com/2018/4/13/17223238/chefs-table-pastry-jordi-roca-recap-episode-3|title='Chef's) Table: Pastry' Recap: Jordi Roca Turns Dirt into Dessert|work=Eater|access-date=2018-10-09}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Hispania]] m11ctl9cfp6d1ceshnoa00l8jombq9y 0 233715 1540497 1540269 2026-05-11T16:10:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Preston Robert Tisch''' ([[Aprili 29]], [[1926]] – [[Novemba 15]], [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti wa [[Loews Corporation]], ambayo alimiliki pamoja na kaka yake [[Laurence Tisch]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|first=Jonathan |last=Kandell |title= Laurence A. Tisch, Investor Known for Saving CBS Inc. From Takeover, Dies at 80 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 16, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/16/business/laurence-a-tisch-investor-known-for-saving-cbs-inc-from-takeover-dies-at-80.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm}}</ref>Kuanzia [[1991]] hadi kifo chake, Tisch alimiliki nusu ya timu ya [[New York Giants]] akishiriki umiliki pamoja na [[Wellington Mara]].<ref>[http://www.thejewishweek.com/features/preston_robert_tisch_79 The Jewish Week: Obituary "Preston Robert Tisch, 79" by Steve Lipman], November 18, 2005</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] emagzoeoojwu0xhultgyykltbb24szu 0 233717 1540320 1540271 2026-05-11T12:09:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luana Angeloni''' (alizaliwa Monterado, 13 Machi 1952<ref name=itap/>) ni mwalimu na mwanasiasa wa Italia ambaye alihudumu katika Bunge na Seneti. Alikuwa mwanamke mdogo zaidi nchini Italia kushika nyadhifa hizo.<ref name=riqu>{{cite news|title=Monterado |url=http://www.riquadro.com/voce/articolo.php?id=829&cat=49|access-date=4 June 2023|work=Riquadro|language=it}}</ref> Alikuwa meya wa [[Senigallia]] kwa vipindi viwili kati ya mwaka 2000 na 2010. == Wasifu == Angeloni alitunukiwa shahada ya ualimu.<ref name=itap/> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Italia.<ref name=itap/> Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge mnamo Juni 1987 na alihudumu bungeni wakati wa muhula wa kumi wa bunge hadi mwaka 1992.<ref name=itap/> Alijiunga na chama cha [[Democratic Party of the Left]] mnamo mwaka 1991 baada ya kuvunjwa kwa Chama cha Kikomunisti.<ref name=itap>{{cite web|title=Angeloni, Luana|publisher=Italian Parliament|access-date=4 June 2023|language=it|url=http://legislature.camera.it/chiosco.asp?cp=1&position=X%20Legislatura%20/%20I%20Deputati&content=deputati/legislatureprecedenti/Leg10/framedeputato.asp?Deputato=d200023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1952||Angeloni, Luana}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] l8dyzn68dheqrr4i3jzxnsibujqi2sy 0 233719 1540322 1540277 2026-05-11T12:10:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anacleto José María Peña Salegui''' ([[9 Aprili]] [[1895]] – [[13 Januari]] [[1989]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na baadaye [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alizaliwa huko Las Arenas na alianza kucheza kama kiungo katika klabu ya Arenas Club de Getxo mwaka 1913, ambapo alicheza pamoja na kaka yake mkubwa Florencio Peña. Akiwa huko, alishinda Biscay Championship mara nne na Copa del Rey mwaka 1919, pamoja na kuwa mshindi wa pili katika fainali za 1917 na 1925. Mwaka 1926 alihamia Madrid na kujiunga na Real Madrid CF, ambako alicheza kwa miaka sita hadi 1932, akishinda mataji manne ya kikanda ya Campeonato Centro. Pia alifika fainali mbili za Copa del Rey mwaka 1929 na 1930. Klabu ya Real Madrid ilishinda ubingwa wake wa kwanza wa [[La Liga]] msimu wa 1931–32, ingawa Peña mwenye umri wa miaka 36 alicheza mechi nne tu na haijulikani kama anahesabiwa kushinda taji hilo. Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, alicheza mechi 21 kwa timu ya taifa ya Hispania na alishiriki katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1924.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/24935 |title=José María Peña |work=Olympedia |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> <ref>[https://www.realmadrid.com/en/about-real-madrid/history/football-legends/anacleto-jose-maria-pena-salegui Jose María Peña] at Real Madrid</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1895|1989}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] tl6f75d1acorpmlxsz8yih8cp706cfd 0 233720 1540323 1540278 2026-05-11T12:11:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Ascani''' (alizaliwa 17 Oktoba 1987) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia anayehudumu kama mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=305886&idpersona=305886&idlegislatura=19|title=ASCANI Anna - PD|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Pia, anahudumu kama Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Wawakilishi tangu mwaka 2022 na ni mwanachama mashuhuri wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/anna-ascani/100431|title=Anna Ascani|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1987||Ascani, Anna}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 4iyyjzzhc4xzjgu66n0rlroj6tvlbfs 0 233723 1540337 1540283 2026-05-11T12:33:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Casas Gris''' (anajulikana kama '''Pepín'''; [[16 Novemba]] [[1931]] – [[12 Oktoba]] [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama mlinda lango. ==Maisha ya klabu== Pepín alizaliwa mjini [[Valencia]]. Baada ya kucheza katika klabu kadhaa za vijana katika Jumuiya ya Valencia, alianza soka la wakubwa akiwa na UD Alzira na Alicante CF. Mwaka 1952 alijiunga na [[UD Las Palmas]] ya [[La Liga]], akicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya mashindano katika msimu wa 1951–52 La Liga. Alicheza mechi 14 msimu huo, ambapo timu yake ilimaliza ikiwa ya pili kutoka chini kwenye msimamo. Baadaye, Las Palmas ilirejea katika ligi ya juu mwaka 1954 baada ya kupanda daraja kutoka daraja la pili. <ref>[https://www.udlaspalmas.es/noticias/noticia/la-ud-las-palmas-logra-su-sexto-ascenso-a-primera-division La UD Las Palmas logra su sexto ascenso a Primera División (UD Las Palmas achieve their sixth promotion to ''Primera División'')]; UD Las Palmas, 21 June 2015 (in Spanish)</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1931|2010}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] ef17xevnwdvzt3n5owpuuf64vvhks6c 0 233726 1540338 1540288 2026-05-11T12:35:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stefania Ascari''' (alizaliwa 3 Mei 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia kutoka chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Amekuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] kutokea mkoa wa [[Emilia-Romagna]] tangu uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - ASCARI Stefania |url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307302&idLegislatura=18 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=www.camera.it |language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1980||Ascari, Stefania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 3dh8ls0fwg77wxgy6n0cgdzivq8wxzn 1540508 1540338 2026-05-11T16:43:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stefania Ascari''' (alizaliwa 3 Mei 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia kutoka chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Amekuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] kutokea mkoa wa [[Emilia-Romagna]] tangu uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - ASCARI Stefania |url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307302&idLegislatura=18 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=www.camera.it |language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1980||Ascari, Stefania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] ibqn1ey0lgacxs37covh04ly9onys2l 0 233728 1540339 1540293 2026-05-11T12:36:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jesús María Pereda Ruiz de Temiño''' (anajulikana pia kama '''Chus Pereda'''; [[15 Juni]] [[1938]] – [[27 Septemba]] [[2011]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na baadaye kocha kutoka [[Hispania]]. Katika taaluma yake ya miaka 16 kama mchezaji wa kulipwa, alicheza zaidi akiwa na FC Barcelona, akicheza jumla ya mechi 197 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 55 akiwa na klabu nne tofauti, zikiwemo Real Madrid CF. Mwaka 1964 alisaidia timu ya taifa ya Hispania kushinda Ubingwa wa Ulaya, akiwa mchezaji wa kimataifa kwa muda wote wa miaka ya 1960. Baada ya kustaafu, Pereda alihudumu kama kocha wa timu mbalimbali za vijana za Hispania, zikiwemo timu ya vijana chini ya miaka 20 na chini ya miaka 21.<ref name="CHUS">[http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/agencias/20110927/deportes/futbol/chus-pereda-heroe-entranable-eurocopa_201109271311.html "Chus" Pereda: el héroe entrañable de la Eurocopa de 1964 ("Chus" Pereda: Euro 1964's loved hero)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912055334/http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/agencias/20110927/deportes/futbol/chus-pereda-heroe-entranable-eurocopa_201109271311.html |date=12 September 2017 }}; [[El Diario Montañés]], 27 September 2011 (in Spanish)</ref><ref>[http://www.jugadorsfcbarcelona.cat/database/index.php?option=com_hotproperty&task=view&id=308&Itemid=27 FC Barcelona profile]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1938|2011}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] q7y02qo62gpus9rxns55j3qy5lly30l 0 233729 1540340 1540297 2026-05-11T12:36:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540340 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carmela Auriemma''' (alizaliwa 3 Julai 1981) ni mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Five Star Movement]]. Amekuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu tarehe 13 Oktoba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XIX Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - AURIEMMA Carmela |url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=308846&idpersona=308846&idlegislatura=19 |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=www.camera.it |language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1981||Auriemma, Carmela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] ibkjj88bea64brni9e6jxu2l5xumr4y 0 233731 1540341 1540300 2026-05-11T12:37:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Luis Pérez-Payá Soler''' ([[2 Machi]] [[1928]] – [[12 Agosti]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Baadaye pia aliwahi kuwa rais wa Shirikisho la Soka la Kifalme la Uhispania kuanzia mwaka 1970 hadi 1975. Yeye ni mmoja wa wachezaji wawili pekee katika historia ya soka ya Hispania kushinda ubingwa wa ligi ya nchi hiyo akiwa na klabu zote mbili za Madrid: Atlético de Madrid katika msimu wa 1950–51 La Liga na Real Madrid CF katika misimu ya 1953–54 La Liga na 1954–55 La Liga. Alifariki tarehe 12 Agosti 2022 akiwa na umri wa miaka 94.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/agencias/fallece-jose-luis-perez-paya-exjugador-del-real-madrid-y-presidente-de-la-rfef-entre-1970-y-1975-nid12082022/ |title=Fallece José Luis Pérez-Payá, exjugador del Real Madrid y presidente de la RFEF entre 1970 y 1975 |date=12 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=LA NACION |language=es}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1928|2022}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 5gma6go0dyf1bjh16u05byr0w9slite 1540361 1540341 2026-05-11T13:05:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Luis Pérez-Payá Soler''' ([[2 Machi]] [[1928]] – [[12 Agosti]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Baadaye pia aliwahi kuwa rais wa Shirikisho la Soka la Kifalme la Uhispania kuanzia mwaka 1970 hadi 1975. Yeye ni mmoja wa wachezaji wawili pekee katika historia ya soka ya Hispania kushinda ubingwa wa ligi ya nchi hiyo akiwa na klabu zote mbili za Madrid: Atlético de Madrid katika msimu wa 1950–51 La Liga na Real Madrid CF katika misimu ya 1953–54 La Liga na 1954–55 La Liga. Alifariki tarehe 12 Agosti 2022 akiwa na umri wa miaka 94.<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/agencias/fallece-jose-luis-perez-paya-exjugador-del-real-madrid-y-presidente-de-la-rfef-entre-1970-y-1975-nid12082022/ |title=Fallece José Luis Pérez-Payá, exjugador del Real Madrid y presidente de la RFEF entre 1970 y 1975 |date=12 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=LA NACION |language=es}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1928|2022}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] dhfs74r03o1tgiz653amlr9do8drkkj 0 233732 1540306 2026-05-11T12:01:29Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alfonso Pérez Muñoz''' (alizaliwa [[26 Septemba]], [[1972]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja '''Alfonso''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alichezea klabu zote mbili kubwa za Hispania, Real Madrid CF na FC Barcelona na katika taaluma yake alicheza mechi 307 za [[La Liga]] akiwa na klabu tatu tofauti, pamoja na vipindi viwili na Real Betis. Alifunga mabao 84 katika ligi hiyo kwa...' 1540306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alfonso Pérez Muñoz''' (alizaliwa [[26 Septemba]], [[1972]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja '''Alfonso''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Alichezea klabu zote mbili kubwa za Hispania, Real Madrid CF na FC Barcelona na katika taaluma yake alicheza mechi 307 za [[La Liga]] akiwa na klabu tatu tofauti, pamoja na vipindi viwili na Real Betis. Alifunga mabao 84 katika ligi hiyo kwa muda wa misimu 15. Alichezea pia timu ya taifa ya Hispania mara 38, na alishiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la 1998 pamoja na mashindano mawili ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Ulaya. ==Maisha ya klabu== ===Real Madrid=== Alfonso alizaliwa mjini [[Getafe]], katika viunga vya Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dazn.com/es-ES/news/f%C3%BAtbol/quien-alfonso-perez-exjugador-real-madrid-barca-nombre-estadio-getafe/ydtmki0jbjpr1mb1y56ted3et|title=¿Quién es Alfonso Pérez? El exjugador del Real Madrid y Barça que ha dado nombre al estadio del Getafe|trans-title=Who is Alfonso Pérez? The former Real Madrid and Barça player who has given his name to Getafe's stadium|publisher=[[DAZN]]|first=Álvaro|last=Lamela|language=es|date=16 April 2023|access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11668/9464288/real-madrid-legend-jorge-valdano-blasts-jose-mourinho-ego|title=Real Madrid legend Jorge Valdano blasts Jose Mourinho 'ego'|publisher=[[Sky Sports]]|date=11 September 2014|access-date=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guioteca.com/futbol-total/los-entrenadores-y-jugadores-enemigos-de-los-chilenos-en-europa/|title=Los entrenadores y jugadores “enemigos” de los chilenos en Europa|trans-title=The coaches and players who are "enemies" of Chileans in Europe|publisher=Guioteca|first=Hernán|last=Cajas|language=es|date=21 August 2015|access-date=20 November 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] gjxvto2ifp0jbobpdoamizj52uyu2jg 0 233733 1540315 2026-05-11T12:07:13Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ayoze Pérez Gutiérrez''' (alizaliwa [[29 Julai]], [[1993]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji au winga wa kushoto katika klabu ya Villarreal CF ya [[La Liga]]. Pia amewahi kuiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Hispania. Ayoze alianza soka lake katika klabu ya nyumbani ya CD Tenerife, ambapo alishinda tuzo kadhaa za binafsi kutokana na kiwango chake katika msimu wa 2013–14 Segunda D...' 1540315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayoze Pérez Gutiérrez''' (alizaliwa [[29 Julai]], [[1993]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji au winga wa kushoto katika klabu ya Villarreal CF ya [[La Liga]]. Pia amewahi kuiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Hispania. Ayoze alianza soka lake katika klabu ya nyumbani ya CD Tenerife, ambapo alishinda tuzo kadhaa za binafsi kutokana na kiwango chake katika msimu wa 2013–14 Segunda División. Baadaye alijiunga na Newcastle United F.C. kwa takriban €3 milioni, ambako alicheza kwa misimu mitano. Mwaka 2019 alihamia Leicester City F.C., ambapo alishinda 2020–21 FA Cup na Ngao ya Jumuiya ya FA ya 2021 miaka miwili baadaye. Mwaka 2023 alicheza kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Hispania ya Real Betis akiwa na miezi michache iliyobaki katika mkataba wake na Leicester, kabla ya kujiunga na Betis moja kwa moja kwa uhamisho huru baadaye mwaka huo. Baada ya msimu mmoja na Betis, alihamia Villarreal CF mwaka 2024.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Real Betis sign Ayoze Pérez |url=https://en.realbetisbalompie.es/news/latest_news/real-betis-sign-ayoze-perez-28665 |date=31 January 2023 |access-date=31 January 2023 |website=Real Betis}}</ref><ref name=GoalMachine>{{cite news|url=http://www.laopinion.es/deportes/2012/06/07/maquina-goles/417237.html|title=Una máquina de hacer goles|trans-title=A goal machine|newspaper=[[La Opinión de Tenerife]]|language=es|date=7 June 2012|access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 758shnr65hmya7qtmeohh7ab8bwpr85 0 233734 1540321 2026-05-11T12:10:03Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Adil Farooq Raja''' (Kiuurdu: عادل راجہ; alizaliwa [[15 Novemba]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] na pia ni afisa wa zamani wa jeshi. Alitumikia kama Meja (Major) katika Pakistan Army hadi alipostaafu mwaka 2017. Baada ya kustaafu, alihudumu kama msemaji wa Pakistan Ex-Servicemen Society (PESS) hadi mwaka 2022, alipotangaza kujiuzulu kutoka nafasi hiyo.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Dawn.com|date=2022-04-21|t...' 1540321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adil Farooq Raja''' (Kiuurdu: عادل راجہ; alizaliwa [[15 Novemba]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] na pia ni afisa wa zamani wa jeshi. Alitumikia kama Meja (Major) katika Pakistan Army hadi alipostaafu mwaka 2017. Baada ya kustaafu, alihudumu kama msemaji wa Pakistan Ex-Servicemen Society (PESS) hadi mwaka 2022, alipotangaza kujiuzulu kutoka nafasi hiyo.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Dawn.com|date=2022-04-21|title='Missing' ex-army officer reaches London 'safely', says will break silence 'in time'|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1686110|access-date=2026-01-10|website=Dawn|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] qqh5np86nxolwwwoxikmnp2etvuv9io 0 233735 1540324 2026-05-11T12:12:13Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Lucia Azzolina''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1982) ni mwanasiasa na mwalimu wa [[Italia|Italia.]] Alikuwa [[Waziri wa Elimu wa Italia]] wakati wa [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte II]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Italian PM Conte Names New Ministers, Sets Policy Agenda for 2020 |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |date=28 December 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/28/world/europe/28reuters-italy-politics-conte.html}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Refli...' 1540324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucia Azzolina''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1982) ni mwanasiasa na mwalimu wa [[Italia|Italia.]] Alikuwa [[Waziri wa Elimu wa Italia]] wakati wa [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte II]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Italian PM Conte Names New Ministers, Sets Policy Agenda for 2020 |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |date=28 December 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/28/world/europe/28reuters-italy-politics-conte.html}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1982||Azzolina, Lucia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] sgbrmytvwq89s6le6k63a7bxvqrlsn9 1540344 1540324 2026-05-11T12:38:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucia Azzolina''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1982) ni mwanasiasa na mwalimu wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa [[Waziri wa Elimu]] wa Italia wakati wa [[Baraza la Mawaziri]] la Conte II.<ref>{{cite news |title=Italian PM Conte Names New Ministers, Sets Policy Agenda for 2020 |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |date=28 December 2019 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/28/world/europe/28reuters-italy-politics-conte.html}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1982||Azzolina, Lucia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 3xcn3l5l3rxgocfcy029mq3w7sixdcv 0 233736 1540325 2026-05-11T12:14:22Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rashed Rahman''' ni mhariri wa zamani wa mojawapo ya magazeti makubwa ya Kiingereza nchini Pakistan, yanayojulikana kama Daily Times. Alihudumu kama mhariri wa gazeti hilo kuanzia mwaka 2009 hadi Novemba 2015. Katika kipindi hicho, alikuwa na jukumu la kusimamia maudhui ya gazeti, kuongoza timu ya waandishi, na kuhakikisha taarifa zinazochapishwa zinakidhi viwango vya uandishi wa habari.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/editor-qu...' 1540325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rashed Rahman''' ni mhariri wa zamani wa mojawapo ya magazeti makubwa ya Kiingereza nchini Pakistan, yanayojulikana kama Daily Times. Alihudumu kama mhariri wa gazeti hilo kuanzia mwaka 2009 hadi Novemba 2015. Katika kipindi hicho, alikuwa na jukumu la kusimamia maudhui ya gazeti, kuongoza timu ya waandishi, na kuhakikisha taarifa zinazochapishwa zinakidhi viwango vya uandishi wa habari.<ref>[http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/editor-quits-columnists-dropped-pakistan-army-has-choked-all-dissent/ Editor quits, columnists dropped: Pakistan Army 'has choked all dissent'] The Indian Express (newspaper), Published 29 November 2015, Retrieved 6 December 2017</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} d2ng7gmtt5x1aezbicibygkktqyyan3 0 233737 1540327 2026-05-11T12:19:10Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahfaz-ur-Rahman''' (Kiuurdu: احفاظُ الرّحمٰن; 4 Aprili 1942 – 12 Aprili [[2020]]) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari, [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu, na mshairi kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]]. Alijulikana kwa kupigania uhuru wa vyombo vya habari (press freedom) na haki za waandishi wa habari, hasa wakati wa tawala za kijeshi na hata serikali za kiraia.<ref name="Tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/639048/zinda-hai-zindagi-ahfazu...' 1540327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahfaz-ur-Rahman''' (Kiuurdu: احفاظُ الرّحمٰن; 4 Aprili 1942 – 12 Aprili [[2020]]) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari, [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu, na mshairi kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]]. Alijulikana kwa kupigania uhuru wa vyombo vya habari (press freedom) na haki za waandishi wa habari, hasa wakati wa tawala za kijeshi na hata serikali za kiraia.<ref name="Tribune.com.pk">{{cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/639048/zinda-hai-zindagi-ahfazur-rahmans-poems-hide-messages-of-misfortunes-in-an-optimistic-title/|title='Zinda Hai Zindagi': Ahfazur Rahman's poems hide messages of misfortunes in an optimistic title|publisher=The Express Tribune|date=30 November 2013|accessdate=2013-12-03}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] 1h2dzrup3r3c24v139lz03yftro46ol 0 233738 1540330 2026-05-11T12:20:30Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Félix Pérez Marcos''' (amefariki [[13 Juni]], [[1901]] – amezaliwa [[12 Septemba]], [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Katika ngazi ya klabu, alichezea timu tatu kubwa za Madrid zilizokuwepo wakati huo: Real Madrid C.F., Racing de Madrid na Atlético Madrid. ==Maisha ya kimataifa== Akiwa mchezaji wa Real Madrid, alikuwa na sifa ya kuweza kuichezea timu ya timu ya taifa ya Madrid. Alikuwa s...' 1540330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Félix Pérez Marcos''' (amefariki [[13 Juni]], [[1901]] – amezaliwa [[12 Septemba]], [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Katika ngazi ya klabu, alichezea timu tatu kubwa za Madrid zilizokuwepo wakati huo: Real Madrid C.F., Racing de Madrid na Atlético Madrid. ==Maisha ya kimataifa== Akiwa mchezaji wa Real Madrid, alikuwa na sifa ya kuweza kuichezea timu ya timu ya taifa ya Madrid. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichofika fainali ya 1923-24 Kombe la Mfalme wa Asturias, mashindano ya kikanda yaliyoandaliwa na Shirikisho la Soka la Kifalme la Uhispania. Katika fainali hiyo ya kwanza, alifunga bao la kuongoza baada ya dakika 8 dhidi ya Timu ya taifa ya mpira wa miguu ya Catalonia, mechi iliyomalizika kwa sare ya 4–4. Hata hivyo, Madrid ilipoteza mechi ya marudiano kwa 2–3 siku mbili baadaye.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j3025.html |title=Félix Pérez Marcos - Footballer |website=www.bdfutbol.com |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cihefe.es/cuadernosdefutbol/2009/09/la-copa-principe-de-asturias/ |title=La Copa Príncipe de Asturias |trans-title=The Prince of Asturias Cup |language=es |publisher=[[:es:Centro de Investigaciones de Historia y Estadística del Fútbol Español|CIHEFE]] |author=Vicente Martínez Calatrava |date=17 August 2009 |accessdate=11 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43969/Felix_Perez.html |title=Félix Pérez Marcos |work=National Football Teams |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1901|1983}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] c0rmr4r4znhpyfdcvczpxhxrpku4amn 1540345 1540330 2026-05-11T12:38:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Félix Pérez Marcos''' ([[13 Juni]] [[1901]] – [[12 Septemba]] [[1983]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Katika ngazi ya klabu, alichezea timu tatu kubwa za Madrid zilizokuwepo wakati huo: Real Madrid C.F., Racing de Madrid na Atlético Madrid. ==Maisha ya kimataifa== Akiwa mchezaji wa Real Madrid, alikuwa na sifa ya kuweza kuichezea timu ya timu ya taifa ya Madrid. Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichofika fainali ya 1923-24 Kombe la Mfalme wa Asturias, mashindano ya kikanda yaliyoandaliwa na Shirikisho la Soka la Kifalme la Uhispania. Katika fainali hiyo ya kwanza, alifunga bao la kuongoza baada ya dakika 8 dhidi ya Timu ya taifa ya mpira wa miguu ya Catalonia, mechi iliyomalizika kwa sare ya 4–4. Hata hivyo, Madrid ilipoteza mechi ya marudiano kwa 2–3 siku mbili baadaye.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j3025.html |title=Félix Pérez Marcos - Footballer |website=www.bdfutbol.com |access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cihefe.es/cuadernosdefutbol/2009/09/la-copa-principe-de-asturias/ |title=La Copa Príncipe de Asturias |trans-title=The Prince of Asturias Cup |language=es |publisher=[[:es:Centro de Investigaciones de Historia y Estadística del Fútbol Español|CIHEFE]] |author=Vicente Martínez Calatrava |date=17 August 2009 |accessdate=11 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43969/Felix_Perez.html |title=Félix Pérez Marcos |work=National Football Teams |access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1901|1983}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] ofh80n47bwsuh1an4keebklumfln3xb 0 233739 1540331 2026-05-11T12:22:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Lidia Bai''' (alizaliwa 6 Juni 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] anayehuudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Tuscany]] tangu Novemba 2025. Kabla ya hapo, alifanya kazi kama Rais wa Hifadhi ya Colline Metallifere na amekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika siasa za mkoa wa Tuscany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regione.toscana.it/|title=Regione Toscana|publisher=Regione Toscana|language=it|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mb...' 1540331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lidia Bai''' (alizaliwa 6 Juni 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] anayehuudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Tuscany]] tangu Novemba 2025. Kabla ya hapo, alifanya kazi kama Rais wa Hifadhi ya Colline Metallifere na amekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika siasa za mkoa wa Tuscany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regione.toscana.it/|title=Regione Toscana|publisher=Regione Toscana|language=it|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957||Bai, Lidia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 24qspxn1dk12xl0gpxkcky9pabal7sq 1540346 1540331 2026-05-11T12:39:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lidia Bai''' (alizaliwa 6 Juni 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] anayehuudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Toscana]] tangu Novemba 2025. Kabla ya hapo, alifanya kazi kama Rais wa Hifadhi ya Colline Metallifere na amekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika siasa za mkoa wa Toscana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regione.toscana.it/|title=Regione Toscana|publisher=Regione Toscana|language=it|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mWANASIASA}} {{BD|1957||Bai, Lidia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 0arr26ndc3jdyxr2c7acsh7am529m0h 1540347 1540346 2026-05-11T12:40:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lidia Bai''' (alizaliwa 6 Juni 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Toscana]] tangu Novemba 2025. Kabla ya hapo, alifanya kazi kama Rais wa Hifadhi ya Colline Metallifere na amekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika siasa za mkoa wa Toscana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regione.toscana.it/|title=Regione Toscana|publisher=Regione Toscana|language=it|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1957||Bai, Lidia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 5da3vyk6gci1fv3mbkk54muxt6nw4hd 0 233740 1540332 2026-05-11T12:23:54Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Haider Qureshi''' (Kiuurdu: حیدر قر یشی), pia anajulikana kama Qureshi Ghulam Haider Arshad (Kiuurdu: قر یشی غلام حیدر ارشد), alizaliwa tarehe [[1 Septemba]] [[1953]] huko Rabwah, Punjab, Pakistan. Yeye ni mshairi wa Kiurdu, [[mwandishi]] wa hadithi fupi, mwandishi wa insha, mkosoaji wa fasihi, mhariri na mwandishi wa habari. Anaandika kazi zake zote katika lugha ya Kiurdu. Anajulikana zaidi katika fasihi ya Kiurdu kwa michan...' 1540332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Haider Qureshi''' (Kiuurdu: حیدر قر یشی), pia anajulikana kama Qureshi Ghulam Haider Arshad (Kiuurdu: قر یشی غلام حیدر ارشد), alizaliwa tarehe [[1 Septemba]] [[1953]] huko Rabwah, Punjab, Pakistan. Yeye ni mshairi wa Kiurdu, [[mwandishi]] wa hadithi fupi, mwandishi wa insha, mkosoaji wa fasihi, mhariri na mwandishi wa habari. Anaandika kazi zake zote katika lugha ya Kiurdu. Anajulikana zaidi katika fasihi ya Kiurdu kwa michango yake katika mashairi na uandishi wa kisanii pamoja na kazi za uchambuzi wa fasihi.<ref name="dawn.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/archives/13479|title=Urdu Literature: His life's work|newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Daily Dawn]]|access-date=4 June 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] szrh0254ffnqq7uk5kr6x4msu5w21qp 0 233741 1540334 2026-05-11T12:26:39Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Altaf Hassan Qureshi''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1932]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa Kiurdu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mchambuzi wa siasa, mwandishi wa vitabu, na mhariri mkuu wa jarida la kila mwezi linaloitwa '''Urdu Digest'''. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake katika uandishi wa habari za kisiasa na uchambuzi wa masuala ya kitaifa na kimataifa, pamoja na uandishi wa vitabu mbalimbali.<ref name="business recorder">{{cite web|title=Altaf Hassan Qureshi...' 1540334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Altaf Hassan Qureshi''' (alizaliwa [[3 Machi]] [[1932]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa Kiurdu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mchambuzi wa siasa, mwandishi wa vitabu, na mhariri mkuu wa jarida la kila mwezi linaloitwa '''Urdu Digest'''. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake katika uandishi wa habari za kisiasa na uchambuzi wa masuala ya kitaifa na kimataifa, pamoja na uandishi wa vitabu mbalimbali.<ref name="business recorder">{{cite web|title=Altaf Hassan Qureshi’s services to journalism lauded|url=https://fp.brecorder.com/2015/04/201504131172958/|website=Business Recorder|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] lyb7qh8mbt0khruoio2fmw4ykqum0z5 0 233742 1540335 2026-05-11T12:29:19Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Ouidad Bakkali''' (alizaliwa 15 Machi 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] aliyezaliwa nchini Moroko, ambaye alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=308931&idpersona=308931&idlegislatura=19|title=Bakkali Ouidad – PD-IDP|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2021 hadi...' 1540335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ouidad Bakkali''' (alizaliwa 15 Machi 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] aliyezaliwa nchini Moroko, ambaye alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=308931&idpersona=308931&idlegislatura=19|title=Bakkali Ouidad – PD-IDP|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2021 hadi 2022, alifanya kazi kama rais wa baraza la manispaa ya [[Ravenna]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/ouidad-bakkali-1986-03-15|title=Ouidad Bakkali|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986||Bakkali, Ouidad}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hwdhqmkzn4o794tlbhmskjcbmm3abhg 0 233743 1540350 2026-05-11T12:43:09Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ata ul Haq Qasmi''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: عطا الحق قاسمی) ni [[mwandishi]] wa safu za magazeti (columnist) wa Kiurdu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia, na mshairi. Ameandika takribani vitabu 20 pamoja na makala nyingi kuhusu mada mbalimbali katika magazeti makubwa ya Pakistan. Vitabu vyake vimetafsiriwa katika lugha nne tofauti, jambo linaloonyesha ushawishi wake mkubwa katika fasihi na uandishi wa habari.<ref name="A...' 1540350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ata ul Haq Qasmi''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: عطا الحق قاسمی) ni [[mwandishi]] wa safu za magazeti (columnist) wa Kiurdu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia, na mshairi. Ameandika takribani vitabu 20 pamoja na makala nyingi kuhusu mada mbalimbali katika magazeti makubwa ya Pakistan. Vitabu vyake vimetafsiriwa katika lugha nne tofauti, jambo linaloonyesha ushawishi wake mkubwa katika fasihi na uandishi wa habari.<ref name="APP">{{cite news|url=https://www.app.com.pk/culture-heritage/famous-columnist-ata-ul-haq-qasmi-turns-74/|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2024|access-date=6 October 2024|title=Famous columnist Ata ul Haq Qasmi turns 74|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006182300/https://www.app.com.pk/culture-heritage/famous-columnist-ata-ul-haq-qasmi-turns-74/|website=Associated Press of Pakistan website}}</ref><ref name="PakistanTimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.pakistantimes.com/topics/ata-ul-haq-qasmi/|title=Profile of Ata ul Haq Qasmi|newspaper=Pakistan Times Online newspaper|access-date=6 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006222734/https://www.pakistantimes.com/ata-ul-haq-qasmi/|archive-date=6 October 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TNI" /> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} qojm63zdapfr3hnyau3erdcg9qfc8on 1540351 1540350 2026-05-11T12:43:49Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 1540351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ata ul Haq Qasmi''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: عطا الحق قاسمی) ni [[mwandishi]] wa safu za magazeti (columnist) wa Kiurdu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], [[mwandishi]] wa tamthilia, na mshairi. Ameandika takribani vitabu 20 pamoja na makala nyingi kuhusu mada mbalimbali katika magazeti makubwa ya Pakistan. Vitabu vyake vimetafsiriwa katika lugha nne tofauti, jambo linaloonyesha ushawishi wake mkubwa katika fasihi na uandishi wa habari.<ref name="APP">{{cite news|url=https://www.app.com.pk/culture-heritage/famous-columnist-ata-ul-haq-qasmi-turns-74/|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 October 2024|access-date=6 October 2024|title=Famous columnist Ata ul Haq Qasmi turns 74|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006182300/https://www.app.com.pk/culture-heritage/famous-columnist-ata-ul-haq-qasmi-turns-74/|website=Associated Press of Pakistan website}}</ref><ref name="PakistanTimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.pakistantimes.com/topics/ata-ul-haq-qasmi/|title=Profile of Ata ul Haq Qasmi|newspaper=Pakistan Times Online newspaper|access-date=6 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241006222734/https://www.pakistantimes.com/ata-ul-haq-qasmi/|archive-date=6 October 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} h0vurzlszyk2he70uwmoszxm8m3cqsq 0 233744 1540352 2026-05-11T12:44:56Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Maria Teresa Baldini''' (alizaliwa 22 Januari 1961) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Italia Viva]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu na alikuwa daktari wa Upasuaji.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307328&idLegislatura=18|title=BALDINI Maria Teresa - IV-IC|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza l...' 1540352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Teresa Baldini''' (alizaliwa 22 Januari 1961) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Italia Viva]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu na alikuwa daktari wa Upasuaji.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307328&idLegislatura=18|title=BALDINI Maria Teresa - IV-IC|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] katika bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/maria-teresa-baldini/334237|title=Maria Teresa Baldini|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||Baldini, Maria Teresa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rijo5k4yrco7k43whiwk059boviuw61 1540353 1540352 2026-05-11T12:45:54Z Egipa 87700 1540353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Teresa Baldini''' (alizaliwa 22 Januari 1961) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Italia Viva]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu na alikuwa daktari wa Upasuaji.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307328&idLegislatura=18|title=BALDINI Maria Teresa - IV-IC|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] katika bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/maria-teresa-baldini/334237|title=Maria Teresa Baldini|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||Baldini, Maria Teresa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] i0ttj1b183mjt6cvsm3ascim7dp4e1j 1540373 1540353 2026-05-11T13:35:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Teresa Baldini''' (alizaliwa 22 Januari 1961) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Italia Viva]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu na daktari wa upasuaji.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307328&idLegislatura=18|title=BALDINI Maria Teresa - IV-IC|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] katika bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/maria-teresa-baldini/334237|title=Maria Teresa Baldini|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||Baldini, Maria Teresa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 6m7tgtqpl6u7f0x14y15hhfmrcjc4dx 0 233745 1540362 2026-05-11T13:09:12Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi''' (alizaliwa kama Ahmad Shah Awan; [[20 Novemba]] 1916 – 10 Julai 2006) alikuwa mshairi wa lugha ya Kiurdu kutoka Pakistan, mwandishi wa habari, mkosoaji wa fasihi, mwandishi wa tamthilia na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi. Akiwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika fasihi ya kisasa ya Kiurdu, aliandika vitabu 50 vilivyohusu mashairi, hadithi za kubuni, ukosoaji, uandishi wa habari na sanaa. Mashairi yake yalitambulika kwa msisitizo wa ubinadamu...' 1540362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi''' (alizaliwa kama Ahmad Shah Awan; [[20 Novemba]] 1916 – 10 Julai 2006) alikuwa mshairi wa lugha ya Kiurdu kutoka Pakistan, mwandishi wa habari, mkosoaji wa fasihi, mwandishi wa tamthilia na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi. Akiwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika fasihi ya kisasa ya Kiurdu, aliandika vitabu 50 vilivyohusu mashairi, hadithi za kubuni, ukosoaji, uandishi wa habari na sanaa. Mashairi yake yalitambulika kwa msisitizo wa ubinadamu, na kazi zake za hadithi fupi za Kiurdu (afsana) zinachukuliwa na baadhi kuwa za pili kwa ubora baada ya zile za Munshi Premchand katika kuonesha maisha ya vijijini. Pia alikuwa mhariri na mchapishaji wa jarida la fasihi liitwalo Funoon kwa karibu nusu karne. Alipokea tuzo kama Pride of Performance mwaka 1968 na Sitara-e-Imtiaz mwaka 1980 kwa mchango wake katika fasihi. Gulzar, mmoja wa waandishi wenye ushawishi mkubwa nchini India ya kisasa, alimuita kama mwalimu wake na guru.<ref name="BBCNews" /><ref name="urduwire">{{cite news|url=http://www.urduwire.com/people/Ahmad-Nadeem-Qasmi_599.aspx|title=Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi profile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022071227/http://www.urduwire.com/people/Ahmad-Nadeem-Qasmi_599.aspx|website=UrduWire.com website|archive-date=22 October 2012|access-date=22 November 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] dv2sy7a1x3l2w0j9iup4dlqpe54x3rn 1540363 1540362 2026-05-11T13:09:28Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 1540363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi''' (alizaliwa kama Ahmad Shah Awan; [[20 Novemba]] 1916 – 10 Julai 2006) alikuwa mshairi wa lugha ya Kiurdu kutoka Pakistan, mwandishi wa habari, mkosoaji wa fasihi, mwandishi wa tamthilia na mwandishi wa hadithi fupi. Akiwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika fasihi ya kisasa ya Kiurdu, aliandika vitabu 50 vilivyohusu mashairi, hadithi za kubuni, ukosoaji, uandishi wa habari na sanaa. Mashairi yake yalitambulika kwa msisitizo wa ubinadamu, na kazi zake za hadithi fupi za Kiurdu (afsana) zinachukuliwa na baadhi kuwa za pili kwa ubora baada ya zile za Munshi Premchand katika kuonesha maisha ya vijijini. Pia alikuwa mhariri na mchapishaji wa jarida la fasihi liitwalo Funoon kwa karibu nusu karne. Alipokea tuzo kama Pride of Performance mwaka 1968 na Sitara-e-Imtiaz mwaka 1980 kwa mchango wake katika fasihi. Gulzar, mmoja wa waandishi wenye ushawishi mkubwa nchini India ya kisasa, alimuita kama mwalimu wake na guru.<ref name="urduwire">{{cite news|url=http://www.urduwire.com/people/Ahmad-Nadeem-Qasmi_599.aspx|title=Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi profile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022071227/http://www.urduwire.com/people/Ahmad-Nadeem-Qasmi_599.aspx|website=UrduWire.com website|archive-date=22 October 2012|access-date=22 November 2023}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1916]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2006]] f416dfee9sccohb98w8y56zpnx0ustc 0 233746 1540364 2026-05-11T13:13:18Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Farooq Qaise'''r (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: فاروق قیصر; 31 [[Oktoba]] [[1945]] – [[14 Mei]] [[2021]]) alikuwa msanii kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], [[mwandishi]] wa safu za magazeti, mkurugenzi wa vipindi vya televisheni, mtengenezaji na mchezeshaji wa vikaragosi (puppeteer), mwandishi wa miswada (script writer), na mwigizaji wa sauti.<ref name="GoogleDoodle">{{Cite web|title=Farooq Qaiser's 78th Birthday (Google Doodle profile)|url=https://doodles....' 1540364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farooq Qaise'''r (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: فاروق قیصر; 31 [[Oktoba]] [[1945]] – [[14 Mei]] [[2021]]) alikuwa msanii kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], [[mwandishi]] wa safu za magazeti, mkurugenzi wa vipindi vya televisheni, mtengenezaji na mchezeshaji wa vikaragosi (puppeteer), mwandishi wa miswada (script writer), na mwigizaji wa sauti.<ref name="GoogleDoodle">{{Cite web|title=Farooq Qaiser's 78th Birthday (Google Doodle profile)|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/farooq-qaisers-78th-birthday/|access-date=2025-05-24|website=Google.com website|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108003214/https://doodles.google/doodle/farooq-qaisers-78th-birthday/|archive-date=8 November 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] sjbxetez59be16dlp0z6czc6rr3x32p 1540550 1540364 2026-05-11T18:40:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Farooq Qaise'''r (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: فاروق قیصر; 31 [[Oktoba]] [[1945]] – [[14 Mei]] [[2021]]) alikuwa msanii kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], [[mwandishi]] wa safu za magazeti, mkurugenzi wa vipindi vya televisheni, mtengenezaji na mchezeshaji wa vikaragosi (puppeteer), mwandishi wa miswada (script writer), na mwigizaji wa sauti.<ref name="GoogleDoodle">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Farooq Qaiser's 78th Birthday (Google Doodle profile)|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/farooq-qaisers-78th-birthday/|access-date=2025-05-24|website=Google.com website|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108003214/https://doodles.google/doodle/farooq-qaisers-78th-birthday/|archive-date=8 November 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] 4v5xbd8bpq7jwlfcc42dgm1yw4uclzd 0 233747 1540366 2026-05-11T13:16:34Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Syed Sardar Ahmed Pirzada''' (Kiuurdu: سید سردار احمد پیرزادہ; alizaliwa [[27 Machi]] [[1961]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mtangazaji wa redio, na mchambuzi wa masuala ya kijamii na kisiasa. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwandishi wa habari wa kwanza asiyeona nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa ni Mhariri Mkuu wa jarida la kila mwezi liitwalo Monthly Akhbar-e-Urdu, na pia huandika makala katika magazeti ya Kiurdu ikiwem...' 1540366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Syed Sardar Ahmed Pirzada''' (Kiuurdu: سید سردار احمد پیرزادہ; alizaliwa [[27 Machi]] [[1961]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mtangazaji wa redio, na mchambuzi wa masuala ya kijamii na kisiasa. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwandishi wa habari wa kwanza asiyeona nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa ni Mhariri Mkuu wa jarida la kila mwezi liitwalo Monthly Akhbar-e-Urdu, na pia huandika makala katika magazeti ya Kiurdu ikiwemo Daily Nawaiwaqt. Ametambuliwa na kupewa tuzo na mashirika mbalimbali yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs) pamoja na watu mashuhuri nchini Pakistan, akiwemo Rais wa zamani wa Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seminar on International Day of Persons with Disabilities 2012|url=http://unesco.org.pk/education/idpd_seminar.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115153214/http://unesco.org.pk/education/idpd_seminar.html|archive-date=January 15, 2017|access-date=1 August 2014|website=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|publisher=UNESCO Islamabad}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |date=Jan 2014 |title=November 2013 - January 2014 |url=https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1393399576_800.pdf |journal=The National Assembly of Pakistan Gazette |page=9 |access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/USEFP/posts/746092198786678|date=21 July 2014|access-date=1 August 2014|website=United States Educational Foundation in Pakistan|publisher=USEFP, Facebook|title=It is an honor to have Syed Sardar Ahmed Pirzada; The First Blind Journalist of Pakistan cover our Pre-departure Orientation.}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/presspakistan/L-1rcYPm-GU|title=PFUJ flays NLA Ban on first blind Journalists and Columnist of Pakistan|last=Shamsul Islam|first=Naz|date=18 July 2010|work=Press Pakistan|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.na.gov.pk/en/print-press.php?id=754|title=Sense of Worth and Self Respect for All of Us: Says NA Speaker|last=Sardar Ayaz|first=Sadiq|date=December 17, 2013|work=National Assembly of Pakistan Press|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=255445&Itemid=2|title=Govt committed to provide opportunities for special people: Speaker|date=December 17, 2014|work=Associated Press of Pakistan|access-date=1 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063939/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=255445&Itemid=2|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} e63iyliqaykf203ncrvys14b03e8io8 1540510 1540366 2026-05-11T16:47:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 6 template(s) replaced. 1540510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Syed Sardar Ahmed Pirzada''' (Kiuurdu: سید سردار احمد پیرزادہ; alizaliwa [[27 Machi]] [[1961]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mtangazaji wa redio, na mchambuzi wa masuala ya kijamii na kisiasa. Anajulikana zaidi kama mwandishi wa habari wa kwanza asiyeona nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa ni Mhariri Mkuu wa jarida la kila mwezi liitwalo Monthly Akhbar-e-Urdu, na pia huandika makala katika magazeti ya Kiurdu ikiwemo Daily Nawaiwaqt. Ametambuliwa na kupewa tuzo na mashirika mbalimbali yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs) pamoja na watu mashuhuri nchini Pakistan, akiwemo Rais wa zamani wa Pakistan, Asif Ali Zardari.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Seminar on International Day of Persons with Disabilities 2012|url=http://unesco.org.pk/education/idpd_seminar.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115153214/http://unesco.org.pk/education/idpd_seminar.html|archive-date=January 15, 2017|access-date=1 August 2014|website=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|publisher=UNESCO Islamabad}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |date=Jan 2014 |title=November 2013 - January 2014 |url=https://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1393399576_800.pdf |journal=The National Assembly of Pakistan Gazette |page=9 |access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.facebook.com/USEFP/posts/746092198786678|date=21 July 2014|access-date=1 August 2014|website=United States Educational Foundation in Pakistan|publisher=USEFP, Facebook|title=It is an honor to have Syed Sardar Ahmed Pirzada; The First Blind Journalist of Pakistan cover our Pre-departure Orientation.}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari|url=https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/presspakistan/L-1rcYPm-GU|title=PFUJ flays NLA Ban on first blind Journalists and Columnist of Pakistan|last=Shamsul Islam|first=Naz|date=18 July 2010|work=Press Pakistan|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.na.gov.pk/en/print-press.php?id=754|title=Sense of Worth and Self Respect for All of Us: Says NA Speaker|last=Sardar Ayaz|first=Sadiq|date=December 17, 2013|work=National Assembly of Pakistan Press|access-date=1 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=255445&Itemid=2|title=Govt committed to provide opportunities for special people: Speaker|date=December 17, 2014|work=Associated Press of Pakistan|access-date=1 August 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063939/http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=255445&Itemid=2|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} r3a1nvbiwfeb07467knavlnkn4lk0gh 0 233748 1540368 2026-05-11T13:21:11Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nadeem Farooq Paracha''' (Kiuurdu: ندیم فاروق پراچہ; alizaliwa [[6 Februari]] [[1967]]), anayejulikana pia kama NFP, ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mwandishi wa vitabu, mkosoaji wa utamaduni, mwandishi wa kejeli (satirist), na mwanahistoria. Ni mwandishi wa safu (columnist) katika gazeti kubwa la Kiingereza nchini Pakistan liitwalo Dawn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nadeem-farooq-paracha-abo...' 1540368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadeem Farooq Paracha''' (Kiuurdu: ندیم فاروق پراچہ; alizaliwa [[6 Februari]] [[1967]]), anayejulikana pia kama NFP, ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mwandishi wa vitabu, mkosoaji wa utamaduni, mwandishi wa kejeli (satirist), na mwanahistoria. Ni mwandishi wa safu (columnist) katika gazeti kubwa la Kiingereza nchini Pakistan liitwalo Dawn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nadeem-farooq-paracha-abo_b_960013|title=An Interview With Nadeem F. Paracha|work=The Huffington Post|date=13 November 2011|accessdate=8 December 2021|first1=Sobia|last1=Ali|first2=Raza Habib|last2=Raja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ned.org/fellows/nadeem-paracha/|title=Nadeem Paracha|work=National Endowment for Democracy|date=6 March 2018|accessdate=8 December 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Nadeem F Paracha|url=http://www.awamiweb.com/nadeem-f-paracha-official-twitter-profile-facebook-page-73333.html|work=awamiweb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nadeem F Paracha|url=http://www.politics92.com/profile_Nadeem-F-Paracha_512.aspx|work=politics92}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Dewey|first=Caitlin|date=12 October 2013|title=Pakistani satire of Malala conspiracy theories taken as real conspiracy theory|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/10/12/pakistani-satire-of-malala-conspiracy-theories-taken-as-real-conspiracy-theory/|access-date=2022-06-10|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=An Interview With Nadeem F. Paracha|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/sobia-ali/nadeem-farooq-paracha-abo_b_960013.html|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite news|title=Profile of Nadeem F. Paracha|url=http://www.awaztoday.pk/profile_Nadeem-F-Paracha_512.aspx|work=awaztoday}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nadeem F. Paracha|url=https://www.pakistantimes.com/topics/nadeem-f-paracha/|work=pakistantimes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2017-02-02|title=Pakistan: The lesser-known histories of an ancient land|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1312059|access-date=2022-06-10|website=dawn.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=News stories for Nadeem F. Paracha|url=https://www.dawn.com/authors/774/nadeem-f-paracha|access-date=2022-06-10|website=www.dawn.com|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] 5of6clau8ir4a6yya80e47wbex6j3tq 1540481 1540368 2026-05-11T15:38:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1540481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadeem Farooq Paracha''' (Kiuurdu: ندیم فاروق پراچہ; alizaliwa [[6 Februari]] [[1967]]), anayejulikana pia kama NFP, ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mwandishi wa vitabu, mkosoaji wa utamaduni, mwandishi wa kejeli (satirist), na mwanahistoria. Ni mwandishi wa safu (columnist) katika gazeti kubwa la Kiingereza nchini Pakistan liitwalo Dawn.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nadeem-farooq-paracha-abo_b_960013|title=An Interview With Nadeem F. Paracha|work=The Huffington Post|date=13 November 2011|accessdate=8 December 2021|first1=Sobia|last1=Ali|first2=Raza Habib|last2=Raja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ned.org/fellows/nadeem-paracha/|title=Nadeem Paracha|work=National Endowment for Democracy|date=6 March 2018|accessdate=8 December 2021}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Nadeem F Paracha|url=http://www.awamiweb.com/nadeem-f-paracha-official-twitter-profile-facebook-page-73333.html|work=awamiweb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nadeem F Paracha|url=http://www.politics92.com/profile_Nadeem-F-Paracha_512.aspx|work=politics92}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Dewey|first=Caitlin|date=12 October 2013|title=Pakistani satire of Malala conspiracy theories taken as real conspiracy theory|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/10/12/pakistani-satire-of-malala-conspiracy-theories-taken-as-real-conspiracy-theory/|access-date=2022-06-10|issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=An Interview With Nadeem F. Paracha|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/sobia-ali/nadeem-farooq-paracha-abo_b_960013.html|work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite news|title=Profile of Nadeem F. Paracha|url=http://www.awaztoday.pk/profile_Nadeem-F-Paracha_512.aspx|work=awaztoday}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nadeem F. Paracha|url=https://www.pakistantimes.com/topics/nadeem-f-paracha/|work=pakistantimes}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Paracha|first=Nadeem F.|date=2017-02-02|title=Pakistan: The lesser-known histories of an ancient land|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1312059|access-date=2022-06-10|website=dawn.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=News stories for Nadeem F. Paracha|url=https://www.dawn.com/authors/774/nadeem-f-paracha|access-date=2022-06-10|website=www.dawn.com|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] tgpolv644e0pq9rtti6z04b8ujn18wr 0 233749 1540369 2026-05-11T13:24:33Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Vittoria Baldino''' (alizaliwa 28 Mei 1988) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Italia]] katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018|uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307321&idLegislatura=18|title=BALDINO Vittoria - M5S|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Ameendelea k...' 1540369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vittoria Baldino''' (alizaliwa 28 Mei 1988) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Italia]] katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018|uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307321&idLegislatura=18|title=BALDINO Vittoria - M5S|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Ameendelea kufanya kazi kama bungeni akirejea tena katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/vittoria-baldino/307321|title=Vittoria Baldino|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1988||Baldino, Vittoria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hpiljvgy9j3vjg150gznesdv03x2joa 1540375 1540369 2026-05-11T13:36:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vittoria Baldino''' (alizaliwa 28 Mei 1988) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Italia]] katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018 kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307321&idLegislatura=18|title=BALDINO Vittoria - M5S|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Ameendelea kufanya kazi kama bungeni akirejea tena katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/vittoria-baldino/307321|title=Vittoria Baldino|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1988||Baldino, Vittoria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] lju91co13lcytqt1yl6qhg0wasjgpus 0 233750 1540370 2026-05-11T13:27:01Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marcelino Pérez Ayllón''' (alizaliwa [[13 Agosti]], [[1955]] mjini [[Sabadell]], [[Mkoa]] wa [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja '''Marcelino''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[beki]], hasa akiwa na klabu ya Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1978/05/11/pagina-20/1034118/pdf.html |website=Hemeroteca - El Mundo Deportivo |t...' 1540370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcelino Pérez Ayllón''' (alizaliwa [[13 Agosti]], [[1955]] mjini [[Sabadell]], [[Mkoa]] wa [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]]), anayejulikana kwa jina moja '''Marcelino''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[beki]], hasa akiwa na klabu ya Atlético Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1978/05/11/pagina-20/1034118/pdf.html |website=Hemeroteca - El Mundo Deportivo |title=Mundo Deportivo La Liga Team of the Year|access-date=30 October 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1979/06/07/pagina-18/1045776/pdf.html |website=Hemeroteca - El Mundo Deportivo |title=Mundo Deportivo La Liga Team of the Year|access-date=30 October 2024 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] t09fd0ho9qoi9i7br5n7n21da1943cc 0 233751 1540372 2026-05-11T13:28:45Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ahmad Noorani''' (Kiuurdu: احمد نورانی; alizaliwa [[1981]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa uchunguzi kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] anayeishi nchini [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Fact Focus. Hapo awali alifanya kazi katika The News International mjini Islamabad kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/164717-journalist-ahmad-noorani-assaulted-in-islamabad|title=Journalist Ahmad Noorani attacked in...' 1540372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmad Noorani''' (Kiuurdu: احمد نورانی; alizaliwa [[1981]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa uchunguzi kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] anayeishi nchini [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa Fact Focus. Hapo awali alifanya kazi katika The News International mjini Islamabad kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/164717-journalist-ahmad-noorani-assaulted-in-islamabad|title=Journalist Ahmad Noorani attacked in Islamabad}}</ref> Katika kazi yake, aliripoti masuala mbalimbali nyeti, ikiwa ni pamoja na madai ya ukwepaji kodi na familia ya Imran Khan, ufisadi serikalini, kashfa za sekta ya ardhi (real estate), pamoja na masuala mengine muhimu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/13079-pakistani-journalist-faces-death-threats-after-exposing-general-s-wealth|title=Pakistani Journalist Faces Death Threats After Exposing General’s Wealth|website=www.occrp.org}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] bh43u7i5bblntub6wdb3ekmth0he42q 0 233752 1540374 2026-05-11T13:36:26Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mariano Andrés Pernía Molina''' (alizaliwa [[4 Mei]], [[1977]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Argentina]] - [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama beki wa kushoto na pia ni dereva wa sasa wa mashindano ya magari (mashindano ya magari). Alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na Klabu ya Atlético Independiente nchini Argentina, kabla ya kuhamia Hispania mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000. Huko aliichezea klabu tatu, zikiwemo Getafe...' 1540374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariano Andrés Pernía Molina''' (alizaliwa [[4 Mei]], [[1977]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Argentina]] - [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama beki wa kushoto na pia ni dereva wa sasa wa mashindano ya magari (mashindano ya magari). Alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na Klabu ya Atlético Independiente nchini Argentina, kabla ya kuhamia Hispania mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000. Huko aliichezea klabu tatu, zikiwemo Getafe CF na Atlético Madrid. Akiwa na Getafe, alifunga mabao 10 katika msimu mmoja wa [[La Liga]], na kwa jumla alicheza mechi 171 za ligi kuu ya Hispania na kufunga mabao 16 katika misimu saba. Alizaliwa Argentina lakini baadaye aliwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Hispania katika Kombe la Dunia la 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/diario/2003/06/29/deportes/1056837603_850215.html|title=Eto'o pone Mallorca a brindar|trans-title=Eto'o has Mallorca toasting|publisher=[[El País]]|language=es|date=29 June 2003|access-date=5 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.20minutos.es/deportes/noticia/118630/0/|title=El Espanyol se salva en tiempo de descuento y manda al Alavés a Segunda División|trans-title=Espanyol save themselves in injury time and send Alavés to ''Segunda División''|publisher=20 minutos|last=R. Vega|first=Raúl|language=es|date=13 May 2006|access-date=20 June 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1977|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 1ry6h1wlx402u3fe11lolp1tqfmmtw6 0 233753 1540382 2026-05-11T13:41:13Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Majid Nizami''' (alizlaiwa [[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari, mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Maj...' 1540382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Nizami''' (alizlaiwa [[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari, mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Majid Nizami Trust. Baada ya kifo cha kaka yake mwaka 1962, Majid Nizami alianza kusimamia gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust.<ref name="Dawn">{{Cite web|last=Hanif|first=Intikhab|date=2014-07-27|title=Majid Nizami laid to rest|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1121901|access-date=2020-09-15|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] 2n8x0w4lw3sicde1v9x7riu6sqizu8n 1540402 1540382 2026-05-11T13:56:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Nizami''' ([[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]], mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Majid Nizami Trust. Baada ya kifo cha kaka yake mwaka 1962, Majid Nizami alianza kusimamia gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust.<ref name="Dawn">{{Cite web|last=Hanif|first=Intikhab|date=2014-07-27|title=Majid Nizami laid to rest|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1121901|access-date=2020-09-15|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] [[Jamii:watu wa Pakistan]] 2h2j6cqlbfzjicchiv6ic0epxopdewj 1540431 1540402 2026-05-11T14:14:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Nizami''' ([[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]], mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Majid Nizami Trust. Baada ya kifo cha kaka yake mwaka 1962, Majid Nizami alianza kusimamia gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust.<ref name="Dawn">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Hanif|first=Intikhab|date=2014-07-27|title=Majid Nizami laid to rest|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1121901|access-date=2020-09-15|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] [[Jamii:watu wa Pakistan]] rlq42ih6s8bsa7safjuwv7m3t5h84c1 0 233754 1540385 2026-05-11T13:43:34Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rafael Moreno Aranzadi''' (amezaliwa [[23 Mei]], [[1892]] – amefariki [[1 Machi]], [[1922]]), anayejulikana kama '''Pichichi''', alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Anajulikana pia kwa kuwa jina la Tuzo ya Pichichi limetokana naye. Alikuwa mchezaji wa Athletic Bilbao katika miaka ya 1910 na 1920. Alipata jina la utani '''Pichichi''' kutokana na umbo lake dogo na dhaifu. ==Maisha ya klabu=...' 1540385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rafael Moreno Aranzadi''' (amezaliwa [[23 Mei]], [[1892]] – amefariki [[1 Machi]], [[1922]]), anayejulikana kama '''Pichichi''', alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Anajulikana pia kwa kuwa jina la Tuzo ya Pichichi limetokana naye. Alikuwa mchezaji wa Athletic Bilbao katika miaka ya 1910 na 1920. Alipata jina la utani '''Pichichi''' kutokana na umbo lake dogo na dhaifu. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini [[Bilbao]], [[Biscay]]. Alicheza fainali yake ya kwanza ya Copa del Rey mnamo Machi 1913 akiwa na Athletic Bilbao, lakini timu yake ilipoteza 1–0 dhidi ya Real Unión. Mwaka huohuo, tarehe 21 Agosti, wapinzani hao hao (waliokuwa sasa wameitwa Real Unión) walialikwa kucheza mchezo wa kwanza kabisa katika uwanja wa San Mamés Stadium (1913). Katika mechi hiyo, Pichichi alifunga bao la kwanza kabisa katika uwanja huo mpya. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/blogs/ni-mas-ni-menos/2016/02/06/rafael-moreno-aranzadi-mas-conocido-por.html|title=Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, más conocido por Pichichi|trans-title=Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, better known as Pichichi|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|first=Jesús|last=Ramos|language=es|date=6 February 2016|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2013/08/21/paisvasco/1377102106.html|title=El viejo San Mamés cumpliría hoy cien años|trans-title=Old San Mamés would be 100 years old today|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|language=es|date=21 August 2013|access-date=22 March 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1892|1922}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 3kucc4f29tlzzkbe0sp0cox6et8yy60 1540403 1540385 2026-05-11T13:57:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rafael Moreno Aranzadi''' ([[23 Mei]] [[1892]] – [[1 Machi]] [[1922]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Anajulikana pia kwa kuwa jina la Tuzo ya Pichichi limetokana naye. Alikuwa mchezaji wa Athletic Bilbao katika miaka ya 1910 na 1920. Alipata jina la utani '''Pichichi''' kutokana na umbo lake dogo na dhaifu. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini [[Bilbao]], [[Biscay]]. Alicheza fainali yake ya kwanza ya Copa del Rey mnamo Machi 1913 akiwa na Athletic Bilbao, lakini timu yake ilipoteza 1–0 dhidi ya Real Unión. Mwaka huohuo, tarehe 21 Agosti, wapinzani hao hao (waliokuwa sasa wameitwa Real Unión) walialikwa kucheza mchezo wa kwanza kabisa katika uwanja wa San Mamés Stadium (1913). Katika mechi hiyo, Pichichi alifunga bao la kwanza kabisa katika uwanja huo mpya. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marca.com/blogs/ni-mas-ni-menos/2016/02/06/rafael-moreno-aranzadi-mas-conocido-por.html|title=Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, más conocido por Pichichi|trans-title=Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, better known as Pichichi|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|first=Jesús|last=Ramos|language=es|date=6 February 2016|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2013/08/21/paisvasco/1377102106.html|title=El viejo San Mamés cumpliría hoy cien años|trans-title=Old San Mamés would be 100 years old today|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|language=es|date=21 August 2013|access-date=22 March 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1892|1922}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 4h1392bf6i5ygh3p4s3r6v2hyvsh3rh 0 233755 1540389 2026-05-11T13:48:42Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pier Luigi Cherubino Loggi''' (alizaliwa [[15 Oktoba]], [[1971]]), anayejulikana kama '''Pier''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]], na kwa sasa ni [[kocha]]. Katika kipindi cha misimu zaidi ya kumi, alicheza jumla ya mechi 227 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 54 akiwa na klabu nne tofauti, hasa CD Tenerife. ==Maisha ya uchezaji== ===Klabu=== Alizaliwa mjini [[Rome]], [[Italy]], la...' 1540389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pier Luigi Cherubino Loggi''' (alizaliwa [[15 Oktoba]], [[1971]]), anayejulikana kama '''Pier''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]], na kwa sasa ni [[kocha]]. Katika kipindi cha misimu zaidi ya kumi, alicheza jumla ya mechi 227 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 54 akiwa na klabu nne tofauti, hasa CD Tenerife. ==Maisha ya uchezaji== ===Klabu=== Alizaliwa mjini [[Rome]], [[Italy]], lakini alikulia katika Puerto de la Cruz, [[Tenerife]]. <ref name=AS>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2019/05/17/mas_futbol/1558044855_081505.html|title=¿Qué fue de Pier? El delantero por el que se hipotecó Lopera|trans-title=What happened to Pier? The forward that made Lopera go bankrupt|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=Alejandro|last=Skale|language=Spanish|date=17 May 2019|accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.sevilla.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1991/01/07/056.html|title=Buen regalo de Reyes Magos para el Betis en Tenerife|trans-title=Good Wise Men gift for Betis in Tenerife|newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]|first=J.A.|last=Sánchez Araújo|language=Spanish|date=7 January 1991|accessdate=15 December 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 1exhinbok26t93efb1xu56ml577xb3j 1540405 1540389 2026-05-11T13:59:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540405 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pier Luigi Cherubino Loggi''' (anajulikana kama '''Pier'''; alizaliwa [[Roma]], [[Italia]], [[15 Oktoba]] [[1971]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]], na kwa sasa ni [[kocha]]. Katika kipindi cha misimu zaidi ya kumi, alicheza jumla ya mechi 227 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 54 akiwa na klabu nne tofauti, hasa CD Tenerife. ==Maisha ya uchezaji== Alikulia katika Puerto de la Cruz, [[Tenerife]]. <ref name=AS>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2019/05/17/mas_futbol/1558044855_081505.html|title=¿Qué fue de Pier? El delantero por el que se hipotecó Lopera|trans-title=What happened to Pier? The forward that made Lopera go bankrupt|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=Alejandro|last=Skale|language=Spanish|date=17 May 2019|accessdate=23 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.sevilla.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1991/01/07/056.html|title=Buen regalo de Reyes Magos para el Betis en Tenerife|trans-title=Good Wise Men gift for Betis in Tenerife|newspaper=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]|first=J.A.|last=Sánchez Araújo|language=Spanish|date=7 January 1991|accessdate=15 December 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] 1m2l77uctu639jjvv1xl717u7dzbvw1 0 233756 1540395 2026-05-11T13:52:47Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vicente Piera Pañella''' (amezaliwa [[11 Juni]], [[1903]] – amefariki [[14 Juni]], [[1960]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la utani '''“La Bruja”''' (“Mchawi”), alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza zaidi ya maisha yake ya soka akiwa na FC Barcelona. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini [[Barcelona]] na alianza kucheza na Centre d'Esports de Sants. Baadaye alijiunga na FC Barcelona, ambapo alicheza kutoka msimu...' 1540395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vicente Piera Pañella''' (amezaliwa [[11 Juni]], [[1903]] – amefariki [[14 Juni]], [[1960]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la utani '''“La Bruja”''' (“Mchawi”), alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza zaidi ya maisha yake ya soka akiwa na FC Barcelona. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini [[Barcelona]] na alianza kucheza na Centre d'Esports de Sants. Baadaye alijiunga na FC Barcelona, ambapo alicheza kutoka msimu wa 1920–21 hadi 1932–33. Alichukuliwa kama mmoja wa winga wa kulia bora zaidi katika historia ya klabu hiyo, akicheza mechi 395 na kufunga mabao 123 akiwa na Barcelona. ==Timu ya taifa== Pia aliwakilisha Hispania katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1924.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/1988/07/16/pagina-27/1181929/pdf.html | title=VICENTE PIERA PAÑEL | language=es| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523195718/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1988/07/16/pagina-27/1181929/pdf.html | archive-date=2012-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/24937 |title=Vicente Piera |work=Olympedia |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1903|1960}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] bwyit1ohr6c4frnwmx7q54xk3qkvv68 1540406 1540395 2026-05-11T14:00:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vicente Piera Pañella''' ([[11 Juni]] [[1903]] – [[14 Juni]] [[1960]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la utani '''“La Bruja”''' (“Mchawi”), alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza zaidi ya maisha yake ya soka akiwa na FC Barcelona. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini [[Barcelona]] na alianza kucheza na Centre d'Esports de Sants. Baadaye alijiunga na FC Barcelona, ambapo alicheza kutoka msimu wa 1920–21 hadi 1932–33. Alichukuliwa kama mmoja wa winga wa kulia bora zaidi katika historia ya klabu hiyo, akicheza mechi 395 na kufunga mabao 123 akiwa na Barcelona. ==Timu ya taifa== Pia aliwakilisha Hispania katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya joto ya 1924.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://hemeroteca.elmundodeportivo.es/preview/1988/07/16/pagina-27/1181929/pdf.html | title=VICENTE PIERA PAÑEL | language=es| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523195718/http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1988/07/16/pagina-27/1181929/pdf.html | archive-date=2012-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/24937 |title=Vicente Piera |work=Olympedia |access-date=26 August 2021}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1903|1960}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] pn346mhcw2u4jd7i6cu29cq5uxtrt1x 0 233757 1540399 2026-05-11T13:55:20Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Majid Nizami''' (alizlaiwa [[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari, mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Maj...' 1540399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Nizami''' (alizlaiwa [[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari, mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Majid Nizami Trust. Baada ya kifo cha kaka yake mwaka 1962, Majid Nizami alianza kusimamia gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust.<ref name="AsiaPulse">{{cite news|title=Hameed Nizami gives new face to journalism|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hameed+Nizami+gives+new+face+to+journalism%3A+Shujaat.-a0281410159|access-date=5 February 2024|newspaper=Asia Pulse (magazine) via The Free Library|date=26 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="Pakistan Today, 2012" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1915]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1962]] o8pjnx3ekr23q3vs3v2k0rw9ysxgs6m 1540401 1540399 2026-05-11T13:55:39Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 1540401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Nizami''' (alizlaiwa [[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari, mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Majid Nizami Trust. Baada ya kifo cha kaka yake mwaka 1962, Majid Nizami alianza kusimamia gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust.<ref name="AsiaPulse">{{cite news|title=Hameed Nizami gives new face to journalism|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hameed+Nizami+gives+new+face+to+journalism%3A+Shujaat.-a0281410159|access-date=5 February 2024|newspaper=Asia Pulse (magazine) via The Free Library|date=26 February 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1915]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1962]] 1uecfyhu0eyqtp5qero2zm8rae1tule 1540408 1540401 2026-05-11T14:01:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majid Nizami''' ([[3 Aprili]] [[1928]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]], mwenyekiti wa Majid Nizami Trust, mhariri mkuu na mchapishaji wa Nawa-i-Waqt Group of Publications nchini Pakistan. Gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt lilianzishwa mwaka 1940 na kaka yake mkubwa, Hameed Nizami (3 Oktoba 1915 – 22 Februari 1962), ambaye alifariki mwaka 1962 akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 nchini Pakistan. Kwa sasa, gazeti hilo linamilikiwa na Majid Nizami Trust. Baada ya kifo cha kaka yake mwaka 1962, Majid Nizami alianza kusimamia gazeti la Nawa-i-Waqt. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Nazaria-i-Pakistan Trust.<ref name="AsiaPulse">{{cite news|title=Hameed Nizami gives new face to journalism|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hameed+Nizami+gives+new+face+to+journalism%3A+Shujaat.-a0281410159|access-date=5 February 2024|newspaper=Asia Pulse (magazine) via The Free Library|date=26 February 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] [[Jamii:watu wa Pakistan]] o1hc17wd43olfdg9lmg1i0heyy0lfg6 0 233758 1540404 2026-05-11T13:57:55Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marcial Manuel Pina Morales''' (alizaliwa [[23 Agosti]], [[1946]]), anayejulikana pia kama '''Marcial''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kati. Katika kipindi cha misimu 16 ya uchezaji wake, alicheza jumla ya mechi 379 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 79 akiwa na klabu nne tofauti, hasa FC Barcelona, ambako alishinda mataji matatu makubwa. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Bárzana de...' 1540404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcial Manuel Pina Morales''' (alizaliwa [[23 Agosti]], [[1946]]), anayejulikana pia kama '''Marcial''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kati. Katika kipindi cha misimu 16 ya uchezaji wake, alicheza jumla ya mechi 379 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 79 akiwa na klabu nne tofauti, hasa FC Barcelona, ambako alishinda mataji matatu makubwa. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Bárzana de Quirós, [[Asturias]], na alianza maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na Elche CF akiwa na umri wa miaka 18. Katika msimu wake wa kwanza wa 1964–65 La Liga, alicheza mechi 24 na kufunga mabao matatu. Mwaka 1966 alihamia RCD Espanyol baada ya kukataa ofa kutoka kwa klabu kubwa kama Inter Milan, Real Madrid C.F. na FC Barcelona.<ref name="ELCHE">[http://elchecf.es/leyenda-franjiverde/marcial-manuel-pina-morales Marcial Pina – Un gran exponente de la cantera franjiverde (Marcial Pina – Cornerstone of the ''franjiverde'' youth system)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505233052/http://www.elchecf.es/leyenda-franjiverde/marcial-manuel-pina-morales|date=5 May 2012}}; at Elche CF (in Spanish)</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1946|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] l9r7ne544xjb1a7ztbg4k6knze2vwwa 0 233759 1540407 2026-05-11T14:00:56Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arif Nizami''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: عارِف نِظامی; 14 [[Oktoba]] [[1948]] – [[21 Julai]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] na waziri wa muda wa shirikisho, pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa gazeti la Pakistan Today. Hapo awali, alikuwa mhariri wa gazeti la The Nation na pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Habari na Huduma za Posta katika serikali ya mpito ya Khoso. Mwezi Machi 2023, alitunukiwa baada ya kifo chake tuzo...' 1540407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arif Nizami''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: عارِف نِظامی; 14 [[Oktoba]] [[1948]] – [[21 Julai]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] na waziri wa muda wa shirikisho, pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa gazeti la Pakistan Today. Hapo awali, alikuwa mhariri wa gazeti la The Nation na pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Habari na Huduma za Posta katika serikali ya mpito ya Khoso. Mwezi Machi 2023, alitunukiwa baada ya kifo chake tuzo ya Hilal-i-Imtiaz na Rais wa Pakistan kwa mchango wake katika tasnia ya uandishi wa habari.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/530895/federal-cabinet-caretaker-ministers-assigned-portfolios/|title=Federal cabinet: Caretaker ministers assigned portfolios – The Express Tribune|date=4 April 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] bnjmr3mosgw2kefk9zbormjojnt7bn1 1540410 1540407 2026-05-11T14:02:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arif Nizami''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: عارِف نِظامی; [[14 Oktoba]] [[1948]] – [[21 Julai]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] na waziri wa muda wa shirikisho, pia alikuwa mwanzilishi wa gazeti la Pakistan Today. Hapo awali, alikuwa mhariri wa gazeti la The Nation na pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Habari na Huduma za Posta katika serikali ya mpito ya Khoso. Mwezi Machi 2023, alitunukiwa baada ya kifo chake tuzo ya Hilal-i-Imtiaz na Rais wa Pakistan kwa mchango wake katika tasnia ya uandishi wa habari.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/530895/federal-cabinet-caretaker-ministers-assigned-portfolios/|title=Federal cabinet: Caretaker ministers assigned portfolios – The Express Tribune|date=4 April 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:watu wa Pakistan]] buy24flhvdig83xs9g6b6aizg81o0bb 0 233760 1540409 2026-05-11T14:02:14Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yéremy Jesús Pino Santos''' (alizaliwa [[20 Oktoba]], [[2002]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji au [[winga]] katika klabu ya Crystal Palace na timu ya taifa ya Hispania. Yeye ni mhitimu wa akademi ya [[Villarreal CF (youth)|Villarreal]], na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya timu ya wakubwa mwaka 2020. Katika msimu wake wa kwanza, alicheza na kuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichoshinda [...' 1540409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yéremy Jesús Pino Santos''' (alizaliwa [[20 Oktoba]], [[2002]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo mshambuliaji au [[winga]] katika klabu ya Crystal Palace na timu ya taifa ya Hispania. Yeye ni mhitimu wa akademi ya [[Villarreal CF (youth)|Villarreal]], na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya timu ya wakubwa mwaka 2020. Katika msimu wake wa kwanza, alicheza na kuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichoshinda [[2021 UEFA Europa League final|Europa League ya 2021]], na kuwa mchezaji mdogo zaidi kushinda kombe hilo. Baadaye aliondoka Villarreal na kujiunga na klabu ya England ya [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] mwezi Agosti 2025. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.laprovincia.es/ud-las-palmas/2017/06/22/yeremi-rechaza-oferta-barca-ficha-9683606.html|title=Yéremi rechaza la oferta del Barça y ficha en el Villarreal|trans-title=Yéremi refuses the offer of ''Barça'' and signs for Villarreal|first=Mario|last=García de laSanta|publisher=La Provincia|language=es|date=22 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://golsmedia.com/comunidad-valenciana/futbol/recambios-colon-cd/2019/08/24/villarreal-c-demostro-sus-hechuras-perdiguer/|title=El Villarreal CF C demostró sus hechuras y ganó bien en El Perdiguer|trans-title=Villarreal C show their size and win comfortably at the El Perdiguer|publisher=Golsmedia|language=es|date=24 August 2019|access-date=22 November 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2002|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 9vyzbpfgk0j8i9oc7ufo1anq3hhvvdl 0 233761 1540415 2026-05-11T14:06:11Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hassan Nisar''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: حسن نثار; alizaliwa [[5 Julai]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Pakistan, mwandishi wa safu za magazeti (columnist), mchambuzi wa habari kwenye televisheni, na mshairi wa Kiurdu.<ref name="Tribune">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/379811/revolution-bloody-revolution/|author=Salman Masood|date=17 May 2012|title=Revolution, bloody revolution!|publisher=The Express Tribune newspaper|access-...' 1540415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassan Nisar''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: حسن نثار; alizaliwa [[5 Julai]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Pakistan, mwandishi wa safu za magazeti (columnist), mchambuzi wa habari kwenye televisheni, na mshairi wa Kiurdu.<ref name="Tribune">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/379811/revolution-bloody-revolution/|author=Salman Masood|date=17 May 2012|title=Revolution, bloody revolution!|publisher=The Express Tribune newspaper|access-date=24 March 2026|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520151444/http://tribune.com.pk/story/379811/revolution-bloody-revolution/}}</ref><ref name="PakistanToday">{{Cite news|title=‘People are misinterpreting what I said’, Hassan Nisar explains PTI support comment|url-status=dead|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/01/18/people-are-misinterpreting-what-i-said-hassan-nisar-explains-pti-support-comment/|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190330021203/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/01/18/people-are-misinterpreting-what-i-said-hassan-nisar-explains-pti-support-comment/|archive-date=2019-03-30|access-date=2026-02-08|newspaper=Pakistan Today newspaper|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] kpvmskncl803aynx8sna1zjo739j1b8 1540560 1540415 2026-05-11T18:53:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassan Nisar''' (Kipunjabi, Kiurdu: حسن نثار; alizaliwa [[5 Julai]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Pakistan, mwandishi wa safu za magazeti (columnist), mchambuzi wa habari kwenye televisheni, na mshairi wa Kiurdu.<ref name="Tribune">{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/379811/revolution-bloody-revolution/|author=Salman Masood|date=17 May 2012|title=Revolution, bloody revolution!|publisher=The Express Tribune newspaper|access-date=24 March 2026|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520151444/http://tribune.com.pk/story/379811/revolution-bloody-revolution/}}</ref><ref name="PakistanToday">{{Rejea habari|title=‘People are misinterpreting what I said’, Hassan Nisar explains PTI support comment|url-status=dead|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/01/18/people-are-misinterpreting-what-i-said-hassan-nisar-explains-pti-support-comment/|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20190330021203/https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/01/18/people-are-misinterpreting-what-i-said-hassan-nisar-explains-pti-support-comment/|archive-date=2019-03-30|access-date=2026-02-08|newspaper=Pakistan Today newspaper|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] 1aylyy3tgn3o9fospysh63wvshlu36b 0 233762 1540426 2026-05-11T14:12:14Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Zamir Niazi''' ([[1932]] – [[11 Juni]] [[2004]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Pakistan, anayejulikana kwa kujitolea kwake katika uhuru wa vyombo vya habari (freedom of the press). Mwaka 1995, Niazi alirudisha tuzo yake ya Pride of Performance kwa serikali, kama kupinga hatua ya kufungwa kwa magazeti sita nchini Pakistan.y under authoritarian military governments in Pakistan.<ref name="Dawn">{{cite news|title=Zamir Niazi passes away|url=http...' 1540426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zamir Niazi''' ([[1932]] – [[11 Juni]] [[2004]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Pakistan, anayejulikana kwa kujitolea kwake katika uhuru wa vyombo vya habari (freedom of the press). Mwaka 1995, Niazi alirudisha tuzo yake ya Pride of Performance kwa serikali, kama kupinga hatua ya kufungwa kwa magazeti sita nchini Pakistan.y under authoritarian military governments in Pakistan.<ref name="Dawn">{{cite news|title=Zamir Niazi passes away|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/361643/zamir-niazi-passes-away|newspaper=Dawn newspaper|date=12 June 2004|access-date=18 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071205/https://www.dawn.com/news/361643/zamir-niazi-passes-away|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] bd0ek9akjun2hnggwtwinv1uqmv9prg 0 233763 1540427 2026-05-11T14:12:26Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vicente Piquer Mora''' (amezaliwa [[24 Februari]], [[1935]] – amefariki [[1 Machi]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama beki wa kulia. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Algar de Palancia, Jumuiya ya [[Valencia]] na alimalizia mafunzo yake ya soka katika klabu ya nyumbani ya Valencia CF. Alianza kucheza soka la wakubwa na timu ya akiba Valencia CF Mestalla katika Segunda Divisi...' 1540427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vicente Piquer Mora''' (amezaliwa [[24 Februari]], [[1935]] – amefariki [[1 Machi]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama beki wa kulia. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Algar de Palancia, Jumuiya ya [[Valencia]] na alimalizia mafunzo yake ya soka katika klabu ya nyumbani ya Valencia CF. Alianza kucheza soka la wakubwa na timu ya akiba Valencia CF Mestalla katika Segunda División. Tarehe [[24 Februari]], [[1957]] alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya [[La Liga]] na timu ya wakubwa ya Valencia, katika kipigo cha 2–3 ugenini dhidi ya [[FC Barcelona]]. Kwa jumla, alicheza mechi 341 za mashindano rasmi akiwa na Valencia CF katika kipindi cha miaka 12 ya uchezaji wake wa kulipwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1957/02/25/pagina-3/639741/pdf.html#|title=Barcelona, 3 – Valencia, 2|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|language=es|date=25 February 1957|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1957/03/04/pagina-5/639780/pdf.html#|title=Valencia, 3 – Sociedad, 2|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|language=es|date=4 March 1957|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1935|2018}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] g17ssi8eehq3ghgttryl4c8z36hc3pp 1540432 1540427 2026-05-11T14:15:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vicente Piquer Mora''' ([[24 Februari]] [[1935]] – [[1 Machi]] [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama beki wa kulia. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Algar de Palancia, Jumuiya ya [[Valencia]] na alimalizia mafunzo yake ya soka katika klabu ya nyumbani ya Valencia CF. Alianza kucheza soka la wakubwa na timu ya akiba Valencia CF Mestalla katika Segunda División. Tarehe [[24 Februari]], [[1957]] alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya [[La Liga]] na timu ya wakubwa ya Valencia, katika kipigo cha 2–3 ugenini dhidi ya [[FC Barcelona]]. Kwa jumla, alicheza mechi 341 za mashindano rasmi akiwa na Valencia CF katika kipindi cha miaka 12 ya uchezaji wake wa kulipwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1957/02/25/pagina-3/639741/pdf.html#|title=Barcelona, 3 – Valencia, 2|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|language=es|date=25 February 1957|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1957/03/04/pagina-5/639780/pdf.html#|title=Valencia, 3 – Sociedad, 2|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|language=es|date=4 March 1957|access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1935|2018}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] mqo7go18jtb4vfjrzxzr7i7iikximgb 0 233764 1540433 2026-05-11T14:17:19Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''José Martínez Sánchez''' (alizaliwa [[11 Machi]], [[1945]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la utani '''Pirri''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alicheza kama kiungo wa kati katika sehemu ya awali ya maisha yake ya soka, kabla ya baadaye kuhamia nafasi ya beki wa nyuma anayesafisha mchezo. Alitumia karibu maisha yake yote ya soka akiwa na Real Madrid CF, ambapo alicheza mechi 561 za mashindano rasmi na kufunga mabao 17...' 1540433 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Martínez Sánchez''' (alizaliwa [[11 Machi]], [[1945]]), anayejulikana kwa jina la utani '''Pirri''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alicheza kama kiungo wa kati katika sehemu ya awali ya maisha yake ya soka, kabla ya baadaye kuhamia nafasi ya beki wa nyuma anayesafisha mchezo. Alitumia karibu maisha yake yote ya soka akiwa na Real Madrid CF, ambapo alicheza mechi 561 za mashindano rasmi na kufunga mabao 172, akishinda mataji 15 na pia kuwa [[nahodha]] wa klabu. Akiwa mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Hispania kwa miaka 12, alishiriki katika mashindano mawili ya [[Kombe la Dunia]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini [[Ceuta]] na alisajiliwa na Real Madrid CF mwaka 1964 akiwa na umri wa miaka 19, akitokea klabu ya Granada CF ya Segunda División. Alilipiwa kiasi cha milioni 200 za Peseta ya Kihispania. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 8 Novemba 1964 akichukua nafasi ya Ferenc Puskás aliyesimamishwa, katika ushindi wa 4–1 dhidi ya FC Barcelona.<ref name=RM>{{cite web|url=http://www.realmadrid.com/sobre-el-real-madrid/el-club/historia/jugadores-de-leyenda-futbol/jose-martinez-sanchez#palmares|title=Un referente del madridismo: entrega, polivalencia y muchos goles|trans-title=A Madrid reference: commitment, versatility and many goals|publisher=Real Madrid CF|language=es|access-date=11 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2014/11/08/primera/1415417737_782789.html|title=Hoy se cumplen cincuenta años del debut de Pirri de blanco|trans-title=Fifty years from Pirri white debut|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=Carmen|last=Colino|language=es|date=8 November 2014|access-date=11 September 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1945|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 90xlmcbnlovww17d8gq54q1fv2xz7ai 0 233765 1540436 2026-05-11T14:22:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Francisco Pitarch Dellà''' (amezaliwa [[24 Februari]], [[1927]] – amefariki [[14 Juni]], [[1977]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] akiwa na Real Zaragoza mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950. ==Maisha ya awali== Pitarch alizaliwa katika mji wa El Prat de Llobregat, [[Catalonia]], akiwa [[mtoto]] wa mwisho kati ya watoto sita katika familia ya Domingo na Vicenta, ambao walikuwa asili ya Caste...' 1540436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco Pitarch Dellà''' (amezaliwa [[24 Februari]], [[1927]] – amefariki [[14 Juni]], [[1977]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] akiwa na Real Zaragoza mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950. ==Maisha ya awali== Pitarch alizaliwa katika mji wa El Prat de Llobregat, [[Catalonia]], akiwa [[mtoto]] wa mwisho kati ya watoto sita katika familia ya Domingo na Vicenta, ambao walikuwa asili ya Castellón de la Plana. Familia yake ilihamia Llobregat kwa ajili ya kazi, ambapo baba yake alifanya kazi ya kuendesha gari la farasi na mama yake alitengeneza vyungu vya udongo, kiasi kwamba alijulikana kwa jina la utani “mama wa vyungu”. Kaka yake mmoja, Antoniet, alifariki katika Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Hispania. ==Maisha ya soka== Alianza soka lake katika akademi ya vijana ya ''Academia Práctica'' na baadaye akachezea klabu ya Marina. Mwaka 1942 alijiunga na timu ya kwanza ya CD Prat akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, ambapo alikuwa akilipwa 10 Kihispania peseta kwa kila [[mechi]] na pesa ya ziada kwa kila bao alilofunga.<ref name=Cihe>{{cite web |url=https://www.cuadernosdefutbol.com/2013/12/la-pena-de-paco-pitarch/ |title=La pena de Paco Pitarch |trans-title=Paco Pitarch's grief |language=es |website=www.cuadernosdefutbol.com |publisher=[[:es:Centro de Investigaciones de Historia y Estadística del Fútbol Español|CIHEFE]] |date=16 November 2013 |access-date=13 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name=Bdfut>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j9848.html |title=Pitarch, Francisco Pitarch Dellà - Footballer |website=www.bdfutbol.com |access-date=13 May 2024 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1927|1977}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] blhi098vjrm8mlqtiu6zkrzf84g32cr 1540440 1540436 2026-05-11T14:30:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco Pitarch Dellà''' ([[24 Februari]] [[1927]] – [[14 Juni]] [[1977]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] akiwa na Real Zaragoza mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950. ==Maisha ya awali== Pitarch alizaliwa katika mji wa El Prat de Llobregat, [[Catalonia]], akiwa [[mtoto]] wa mwisho kati ya watoto sita katika familia ya Domingo na Vicenta, ambao walikuwa asili ya Castellón de la Plana. Familia yake ilihamia Llobregat kwa ajili ya kazi, ambapo baba yake alifanya kazi ya kuendesha gari la farasi na mama yake alitengeneza vyungu vya udongo, kiasi kwamba alijulikana kwa jina la utani “mama wa vyungu”. Kaka yake mmoja, Antoniet, alifariki katika Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Hispania. ==Maisha ya soka== Alianza soka lake katika akademi ya vijana ya ''Academia Práctica'' na baadaye akachezea klabu ya Marina. Mwaka 1942 alijiunga na timu ya kwanza ya CD Prat akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, ambapo alikuwa akilipwa 10 Kihispania peseta kwa kila [[mechi]] na pesa ya ziada kwa kila bao alilofunga.<ref name=Cihe>{{cite web |url=https://www.cuadernosdefutbol.com/2013/12/la-pena-de-paco-pitarch/ |title=La pena de Paco Pitarch |trans-title=Paco Pitarch's grief |language=es |website=www.cuadernosdefutbol.com |publisher=[[:es:Centro de Investigaciones de Historia y Estadística del Fútbol Español|CIHEFE]] |date=16 November 2013 |access-date=13 May 2024 }}</ref><ref name=Bdfut>{{cite web |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/j/j9848.html |title=Pitarch, Francisco Pitarch Dellà - Footballer |website=www.bdfutbol.com |access-date=13 May 2024 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1927|1977}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 8i40t064xn3cgeqiy3xytu7heixvm2s 0 233766 1540437 2026-05-11T14:27:21Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Juan Antonio Pizzi Torroja''' (alizaliwa [[7 Juni]], [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Pizzi alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka nchini [[Hispania]], hasa akiwa na klabu ya CD Tenerife, ambapo alisaidia klabu hiyo kujikita katika [[La Liga]] na kwa jumla alicheza mechi 221 za ligi kuu na kufunga mabao 92 katika misimu minane. Pia alichezea klabu za Valencia CF na FC Barc...' 1540437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan Antonio Pizzi Torroja''' (alizaliwa [[7 Juni]], [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa ambaye alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]]. Pizzi alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka nchini [[Hispania]], hasa akiwa na klabu ya CD Tenerife, ambapo alisaidia klabu hiyo kujikita katika [[La Liga]] na kwa jumla alicheza mechi 221 za ligi kuu na kufunga mabao 92 katika misimu minane. Pia alichezea klabu za Valencia CF na FC Barcelona|Barcelona. Alizaliwa Argentina, lakini baadaye aliwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Hispania kwa kipindi cha miaka minne.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://elpais.com/diario/1994/11/08/deportes/784249201_850215.html|title=Clemente abre las puertas a los nacionalizados|trans-title=Clemente opens doors to naturalised|newspaper=[[El País]]|first=Juan José|last=Paradinas|language=es|date=8 November 1994|access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2016/09/05/seleccion/1473063867_226121.html|title=Los 11 jugadores nacidos fuera de España con más partidos|trans-title=The 11 players born outside of Spain with the most matches|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=Mario|last=De la Riva|language=es|date=5 September 2016|access-date=28 December 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] dhq3eusyqurjlivv7jivo09ih1761fd 0 233767 1540439 2026-05-11T14:30:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Juan Bautista Planelles Marco''' (alizaliwa [[26 Januari]], [[1951]] mjini [[Burriana]], [[Jumuiya]] ya [[Valencia]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kati.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1973/06/30/pagina-3/988764/pdf.html|title=2–0: No tuvo rival serio en el Castellón|trans-title=2–0: Castellón were no serious match|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|f...' 1540439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan Bautista Planelles Marco''' (alizaliwa [[26 Januari]], [[1951]] mjini [[Burriana]], [[Jumuiya]] ya [[Valencia]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama kiungo wa kati.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1973/06/30/pagina-3/988764/pdf.html|title=2–0: No tuvo rival serio en el Castellón|trans-title=2–0: Castellón were no serious match|newspaper=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|first=J.A.|last=Calvo|language=Spanish|date=30 June 1973|accessdate=26 May 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1951|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 7h07es0zgxork8pa51nzeftjgo3atss 0 233768 1540442 2026-05-11T14:34:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Manuel Polinario Muñoz''' (alizaliwa [[12 Juni]], [[1943]]), anayejulikana pia kama '''Poli''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Akiwa mshambuliaji, alicheza mechi 229 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 22 akiwa na klabu za Valencia CF na RCD Espanyol. Akiwa na Valencia, alishinda ubingwa wa ligi mwaka 1967 na kombe la taifa mwaka 1971. Pia alichezea timu ya taifa ya Hispania mara moja mwaka 1968. Baada...' 1540442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manuel Polinario Muñoz''' (alizaliwa [[12 Juni]], [[1943]]), anayejulikana pia kama '''Poli''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na [[kocha]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Akiwa mshambuliaji, alicheza mechi 229 za [[La Liga]] na kufunga mabao 22 akiwa na klabu za Valencia CF na RCD Espanyol. Akiwa na Valencia, alishinda ubingwa wa ligi mwaka 1967 na kombe la taifa mwaka 1971. Pia alichezea timu ya taifa ya Hispania mara moja mwaka 1968. Baada ya kustaafu uchezaji, aliingia kwenye ukocha, akifundisha timu za Segunda División kama Recreativo de Huelva, Getafe Deportivo na CE Sabadell FC kati ya mwaka 1975 hadi 1983.<ref name=marca>{{cite news |last1=Ramos |first1=Jesús |title=Poli, el correcaminos que secó a Bobby Charlton|trans-title=Poli, the roadrunner who snuffed out Bobby Charlton|url=https://www.marca.com/blogs/ni-mas-ni-menos/2018/02/03/poli-el-correcaminos-que-seco-a-bobby.html |access-date=16 August 2024 |work=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]] |date=3 February 2018 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>[https://rfef.es/es/selecciones/jugadores/poli Manuel Polinario] at [[Royal Spanish Football Federation]]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1943|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] roolpjnore2ipryn08001r1rz5qp8tf 0 233769 1540443 2026-05-11T14:36:00Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chand Nawab''' (alizaliwa [[1963]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Karachi, Pakistan na mtu anayejulikana sana kwenye vyombo vya habari. Kabla ya kujiunga na ARY News, Chand Nawab alifanya kazi katika vyombo mbalimbali vya habari vya magazeti na televisheni. Mwaka 2008, video yake ilisambaa kwenye YouTube ambapo alionekana akipata changamoto wakati wa kuripoti sherehe za Eid mjini Karachi. Video hiyo ilisambaa sana kwenye mitandao ya kijamii na kum...' 1540443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chand Nawab''' (alizaliwa [[1963]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Karachi, Pakistan na mtu anayejulikana sana kwenye vyombo vya habari. Kabla ya kujiunga na ARY News, Chand Nawab alifanya kazi katika vyombo mbalimbali vya habari vya magazeti na televisheni. Mwaka 2008, video yake ilisambaa kwenye YouTube ambapo alionekana akipata changamoto wakati wa kuripoti sherehe za Eid mjini Karachi. Video hiyo ilisambaa sana kwenye mitandao ya kijamii na kumfanya ajulikane zaidi kwa watu wengi duniani.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Entertainment Desk|title=Chand Nawab is now a hero back home, I am thrilled: Kabir Khan|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/924429/chand-nawab-is-now-a-hero-back-home-i-am-thrilled-kabir-khan|website=The Express Tribune|accessdate=17 August 2015|date=22 July 2015}} - {{cite news|title=Pak news reporter gets famous with 'Bajrangi Bhaijaan'|url=http://www.apnewscorner.com/news/film/details/11372/latest/Pak-news-reporter-gets-famous-with-Bajrangi-Bhaijaan.html|website=AP News Corner|accessdate=17 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813122430/http://www.apnewscorner.com/news/film/details/11372/latest/Pak-news-reporter-gets-famous-with-Bajrangi-Bhaijaan.html|archive-date=13 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist|2}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] p5bm29u8pruckt4d644stdzosftdwqp 0 233770 1540445 2026-05-11T14:40:43Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ramón Polo Pardo''' (amezaliwa [[13 Aprili]], [[1901]] – amefariki [[19 Juni]], [[1966]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama winga wa pembeni na pia aliwahi kuwa [[kocha]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Corcubión, [[Mkoa]] wa A Coruña na alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na Celta de Vigo katika eneo lake la [[Galicia]]. Alijiunga na klabu hiyo baada ya muunganiko wa Real Fortuna F...' 1540445 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ramón Polo Pardo''' (amezaliwa [[13 Aprili]], [[1901]] – amefariki [[19 Juni]], [[1966]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama winga wa pembeni na pia aliwahi kuwa [[kocha]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Corcubión, [[Mkoa]] wa A Coruña na alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na Celta de Vigo katika eneo lake la [[Galicia]]. Alijiunga na klabu hiyo baada ya muunganiko wa Real Fortuna Football Club na Real Vigo Sporting Club mwaka 1923. Alicheza na Celta katika Segunda División na Tercera División, na alifunga mabao 159 katika mechi 259 za mashindano yote, licha ya kutokuwa mshambuliaji wa kati wa asili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yojugueenelcelta.com/2008/05/ramn-polo.html|title=Ramón Polo|publisher=Yo Jugué en el Celta|language=Spanish|date=12 May 2008|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/carballo/2010/08/13/0003_8665519.htm|title=El Celta coloca a un corcubionés entre los mejores de su historia|trans-title=Corcubión's own ranks amongst best-ever at Celta|publisher=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|language=Spanish|date=12 August 2010|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fameceleste.blogspot.pt/2012/11/polo-el-maximo-realizador-de-la.html|title=Polo: El máximo realizador de la historia del Celta.|trans-title=Polo: Celta's all-time goal scorer.|publisher=Fame Celeste|language=Spanish|date=13 November 2012|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://historiacelta-des.blogspot.pt/2009/07/1923-1929.html|title=1923---1929|publisher=Historia R.C. Celta de Vigo|language=Spanish|date=8 July 2009|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1901|1966}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 88t5yczixh0kvgnpiizu0bhaay1ie7y 1540446 1540445 2026-05-11T14:42:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ramón Polo Pardo''' ([[13 Aprili]] [[1901]] – [[19 Juni]] [[1966]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye alicheza kama winga wa pembeni na pia aliwahi kuwa [[kocha]]. ==Maisha ya klabu== Alizaliwa mjini Corcubión, [[Mkoa]] wa A Coruña na alitumia maisha yake yote ya soka la kulipwa akiwa na Celta de Vigo katika eneo lake la [[Galicia]]. Alijiunga na klabu hiyo baada ya muunganiko wa Real Fortuna Football Club na Real Vigo Sporting Club mwaka 1923. Alicheza na Celta katika Segunda División na Tercera División, na alifunga mabao 159 katika mechi 259 za mashindano yote, licha ya kutokuwa mshambuliaji wa kati wa asili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yojugueenelcelta.com/2008/05/ramn-polo.html|title=Ramón Polo|publisher=Yo Jugué en el Celta|language=Spanish|date=12 May 2008|accessdate=29 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/carballo/2010/08/13/0003_8665519.htm|title=El Celta coloca a un corcubionés entre los mejores de su historia|trans-title=Corcubión's own ranks amongst best-ever at Celta|publisher=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|language=Spanish|date=12 August 2010|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fameceleste.blogspot.pt/2012/11/polo-el-maximo-realizador-de-la.html|title=Polo: El máximo realizador de la historia del Celta.|trans-title=Polo: Celta's all-time goal scorer.|publisher=Fame Celeste|language=Spanish|date=13 November 2012|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://historiacelta-des.blogspot.pt/2009/07/1923-1929.html|title=1923---1929|publisher=Historia R.C. Celta de Vigo|language=Spanish|date=8 July 2009|accessdate=6 June 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1901|1966}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] 9utwoijiacfiys2pjlvndxk7fcgn01e 0 233771 1540448 2026-05-11T14:43:43Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abbas Nasir''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] na aliyekuwa mhariri wa gazeti la [[Kiingereza]] la Dawn.<ref name="dawn">{{cite news|title=Zaffar Abbas takes over as Editor tomorrow|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/846580/zaffar-abbas-takes-over-as-editor-tomorrow|access-date=20 September 2016|publisher=Dawn|date=3 October 2010|ref=dawn}}</ref> Awali, aliongoza BBC Urdu Service, na baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa Mhariri Mtendaji wa eneo...' 1540448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbas Nasir''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]] na aliyekuwa mhariri wa gazeti la [[Kiingereza]] la Dawn.<ref name="dawn">{{cite news|title=Zaffar Abbas takes over as Editor tomorrow|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/846580/zaffar-abbas-takes-over-as-editor-tomorrow|access-date=20 September 2016|publisher=Dawn|date=3 October 2010|ref=dawn}}</ref> Awali, aliongoza BBC Urdu Service, na baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa Mhariri Mtendaji wa eneo la Asia na Pasifiki katika BBC World Service. Alianza kazi ya uandishi wa habari mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 katika magazeti ya ''Dawn'' na ''Muslim''. Baadaye alijiunga na jarida la kila mwezi la mambo ya sasa la ''Herald''. Mwaka 1994 alijiunga rasmi na BBC Urdu Service, huku pia akihudumu kama mwandishi mkuu wa masuala ya siasa katika gazeti la The News International. Baadaye alisaidia kuanzisha tovuti ya BBC Urdu mwaka 1999 na pia alifanya kazi kama mchambuzi katika programu ya The World Today. Aliacha nafasi ya uhariri wa Dawn mwaka 2010 na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Zaffar Abbas. == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} j6ddhb5hatj94eizzo95ri1v7tshjdq 0 233772 1540467 2026-05-11T14:58:53Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nazir Naji''' (Kiuurdu: نذیر ناجی; [[1942]]/1943 – 21 [[Februari]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Pakistan na [[mwandishi]] wa safu (columnist) wa Kiurdu. Alitumikia kwa muda wa miaka 27 kama mwandishi mwandamizi wa safu katika gazeti la Daily Jang.<ref name="Apna">{{cite web|title=Nazeer Naji - Profile, Biography|url=http://www.apnatvzone.com/2014/08/nazeer-naji-profile-biography.html|website=APNA TV website|publisher=|acce...' 1540467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nazir Naji''' (Kiuurdu: نذیر ناجی; [[1942]]/1943 – 21 [[Februari]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari kutoka Pakistan na [[mwandishi]] wa safu (columnist) wa Kiurdu. Alitumikia kwa muda wa miaka 27 kama mwandishi mwandamizi wa safu katika gazeti la Daily Jang.<ref name="Apna">{{cite web|title=Nazeer Naji - Profile, Biography|url=http://www.apnatvzone.com/2014/08/nazeer-naji-profile-biography.html|website=APNA TV website|publisher=|accessdate=16 March 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] 60cus8jiqaodm35kd72puxo3rv6dox2 0 233773 1540468 2026-05-11T14:59:58Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox_Person | jina = Susie Ramadan | picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Susie Q mwaka 2008 | jina_halisi = Sunduz Ramadan | jina_la_utani = Susie Q | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 10 Aprili 1979 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = | utaifa = Australia | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Nzi *Uzani wa Nzi Mkubwa }} | urefu = futi 5 inchi 3 | mtindo = Mtindo wa kawaida | jumla =...' 1540468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Susie Ramadan | picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Susie Q mwaka 2008 | jina_halisi = Sunduz Ramadan | jina_la_utani = Susie Q | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 10 Aprili 1979 | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = | utaifa = Australia | uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Nzi *Uzani wa Nzi Mkubwa }} | urefu = futi 5 inchi 3 | mtindo = Mtindo wa kawaida | jumla = 31 | ushindi = 28 | KO = 12 | kupoteza = 3 | sare = | hakuna mashindano = }} '''Sunduz''' "'''Susie'''" '''Ramadan''' (amezaliwa 10 Aprili 1979) ni bondia wa ngumi za kulipwa kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]]. Alishikilia taji la dunia la IBF katika [[Bantamweight|uzito wa kuku]] mwaka 2011, na taji la dunia la WBC katika uzito huohuo kuanzia mwaka 2012 hadi 2014. ==Maisha yake== Ramadan alilelewa katika vitongoji vya magharibi mwa mji wa [[Melbourne]] nchini Australia pamoja na dada yake, Julia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.susieqramadan.com.au/biography.html |title=Biography |publisher=Susie Q Ramadan |date=2011-09-06 |accessdate=2016-02-04}}</ref> Yeye ni [[Muislamu]] mwenye asili ya watu wa [[Albania]] na [[Uturuki]].<ref name="Merz">{{cite news|last=Merz|first=Mischa|title=Rising stars|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/boxing/rising-stars-20110806-1igh3.html|agency=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=7 August 2011|accessdate=14 December 2021|df=dmy-all}} "Ramadan, a Muslim of Turkish and Albanian descent"</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{BD|1979}} [[Jamii:Mabondia wa Australia]] gt9wljq3gzg3xkfaioahj23h2j8ekd7 0 233774 1540469 2026-05-11T15:00:12Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wilma "Billie" Tisch''' (Alizaliwa [[25 Juni]] [[1927]]) ni mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYUDoctorate>[http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2006/05/11/wilma_stein_tisch_receives.html New York University News Bulletin: "Wilma Stein Tisch Receives Honorary Doctorate From NYU"] May 11, 2006.</ref> Alizaliwa huko [[Long Branch, New Jersey]], na kukulia [[Asbury Park, New Jersey]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130727162609/http://investi...' 1540469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilma "Billie" Tisch''' (Alizaliwa [[25 Juni]] [[1927]]) ni mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYUDoctorate>[http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2006/05/11/wilma_stein_tisch_receives.html New York University News Bulletin: "Wilma Stein Tisch Receives Honorary Doctorate From NYU"] May 11, 2006.</ref> Alizaliwa huko [[Long Branch, New Jersey]], na kukulia [[Asbury Park, New Jersey]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130727162609/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=5034886&privcapId=3534921 BusinessWeek: "Executive Profile - Wilma S. Tisch] retrieved July 27, 2013</ref> Alihitimu B.S. kutoka [[Skidmore College]] mwaka 1948, na amehudumu katika bodi yake pamoja na kufuata shughuli nyingine nyingi za uhisani.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/25/nyregion/tisch-family-gives-30-million-to-nyu.html New York Times: "Tisch Family Gives $30 Million to N.Y.U." By KATHLEEN TELTSCH] January 25, 1989</ref> Kulingana na Forbes, ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.4 kufikia Aprili 2023.<ref name=CJH>[http://search.cjh.org:1701/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=cjh_digitool1661259&indx=1&recIds=cjh_digitool1661259&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=2&vl(6137366UI1)=all_items&scp.scps=scope%3A%28CJH%29&frbg=&tab=default_tab&dstmp=1374970252373&srt=rank&mode=Basic&dum=true&fromLogin=true&vl(freeText0)=wilma+tisch&vid=beta Center for Jewish History: "Oral History of Wilma Tisch" interview by Nick Tanner] November 14, 1983 | Click "Display Item" and then pdf to view</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rlt6ebm8fm2sx0akc6oqflr0ka4l42c 1540477 1540469 2026-05-11T15:23:49Z Ally0111 85292 1540477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilma "Billie" Tisch''' (Alizaliwa [[25 Juni]] [[1927]]) ni mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYUDoctorate>[http://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2006/05/11/wilma_stein_tisch_receives.html New York University News Bulletin: "Wilma Stein Tisch Receives Honorary Doctorate From NYU"] May 11, 2006.</ref> Alizaliwa huko [[Long Branch, New Jersey]], na kukulia [[Asbury Park, New Jersey]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130727162609/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=5034886&privcapId=3534921 BusinessWeek: "Executive Profile - Wilma S. Tisch] retrieved July 27, 2013</ref> Alihitimu B.S. kutoka Skidmore College mwaka 1948, na amehudumu katika bodi yake pamoja na kufuata shughuli nyingine nyingi za uhisani.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/25/nyregion/tisch-family-gives-30-million-to-nyu.html New York Times: "Tisch Family Gives $30 Million to N.Y.U." By KATHLEEN TELTSCH] January 25, 1989</ref> Kulingana na Forbes, ana utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.4 kufikia Aprili 2023.<ref name=CJH>[http://search.cjh.org:1701/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=cjh_digitool1661259&indx=1&recIds=cjh_digitool1661259&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=2&vl(6137366UI1)=all_items&scp.scps=scope%3A%28CJH%29&frbg=&tab=default_tab&dstmp=1374970252373&srt=rank&mode=Basic&dum=true&fromLogin=true&vl(freeText0)=wilma+tisch&vid=beta Center for Jewish History: "Oral History of Wilma Tisch" interview by Nick Tanner] November 14, 1983 | Click "Display Item" and then pdf to view</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nxdkrhnm3r8qylherldd9m4udx2q2j7 0 233775 1540472 2026-05-11T15:07:08Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saulat Nagi''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Australia]]–Pakistan ambaye ameandika vitabu kadhaa kuhusu ujamaa (socialism), hasa akijikita kwenye mitazamo ya Gramscian na Frankfurt School, pamoja na historia. Yeye ni mwandishi wa safu (columnist) katika moja ya magazeti makubwa ya Kiingereza nchini Pakistan, Daily Times. Pia ameandika katika magazeti mengine kama The Nation, The Asian Mirror, na The Frontier Post, pamoja na tovuti mbalimbali za habari za nda...' 1540472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saulat Nagi''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Australia]]–Pakistan ambaye ameandika vitabu kadhaa kuhusu ujamaa (socialism), hasa akijikita kwenye mitazamo ya Gramscian na Frankfurt School, pamoja na historia. Yeye ni mwandishi wa safu (columnist) katika moja ya magazeti makubwa ya Kiingereza nchini Pakistan, Daily Times. Pia ameandika katika magazeti mengine kama The Nation, The Asian Mirror, na The Frontier Post, pamoja na tovuti mbalimbali za habari za ndani na kimataifa. Kwa taaluma, yeye ni daktari wa binadamu. Alipata shahada yake ya udaktari kutoka King Edward Medical University, Lahore, kisha akapata mafunzo ya juu (postgraduate training) huko Vienna.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newscentral24x7.com/author/dr-saulat-nagi/|title=Dr Saulat Nagi, Author at NewsCentral24x7|work=NewsCentral24x7|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/15-Mar-2011/honour-in-one-eye-and-death-in-the-other|title=Honour in one eye and death in the other|date=2011-03-15|work=The Nation|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aikrozan.com/jeena-hae-k-marna-hae/|title=جینا ہے کہ مرنا ہے اک بار ٹھہر جائے — aik Rozan ایک روزن|date=2018-03-19|work=aik Rozan ایک روزن|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2022|title=Che Guevara: Facts and Fiction|url=https://theasianmirror.com/opinion/11892/che-guevara-facts-and-fiction/|website=The Asian Mirror}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} 5dfe08budwjb1lnfkxe85h3cue989f1 1540500 1540472 2026-05-11T16:30:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1540500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saulat Nagi''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Australia]]–Pakistan ambaye ameandika vitabu kadhaa kuhusu ujamaa (socialism), hasa akijikita kwenye mitazamo ya Gramscian na Frankfurt School, pamoja na historia. Yeye ni mwandishi wa safu (columnist) katika moja ya magazeti makubwa ya Kiingereza nchini Pakistan, Daily Times. Pia ameandika katika magazeti mengine kama The Nation, The Asian Mirror, na The Frontier Post, pamoja na tovuti mbalimbali za habari za ndani na kimataifa. Kwa taaluma, yeye ni daktari wa binadamu. Alipata shahada yake ya udaktari kutoka King Edward Medical University, Lahore, kisha akapata mafunzo ya juu (postgraduate training) huko Vienna.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://newscentral24x7.com/author/dr-saulat-nagi/|title=Dr Saulat Nagi, Author at NewsCentral24x7|work=NewsCentral24x7|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://nation.com.pk/15-Mar-2011/honour-in-one-eye-and-death-in-the-other|title=Honour in one eye and death in the other|date=2011-03-15|work=The Nation|access-date=2018-11-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.aikrozan.com/jeena-hae-k-marna-hae/|title=جینا ہے کہ مرنا ہے اک بار ٹھہر جائے — aik Rozan ایک روزن|date=2018-03-19|work=aik Rozan ایک روزن|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=14 July 2022|title=Che Guevara: Facts and Fiction|url=https://theasianmirror.com/opinion/11892/che-guevara-facts-and-fiction/|website=The Asian Mirror}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} 7cfbeesjalnkro0xtoayg2h5nppadhu 0 233777 1540475 2026-05-11T15:16:39Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Khurshid Ahmed Nadeem''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa safu (columnist) wa Kiurdu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mtangazaji wa televisheni, na mwandishi wa vitabu. Anaandika makala katika magazeti mbalimbali ya kitaifa kama Daily Jang, Daily Express, na Dunya News, pamoja na mengine.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mahmood|first1=Dr. Naazir|title=Diversity, inclusion and the young|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/970982-diversity-inclusion-and-the-young|work=The News|...' 1540475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Khurshid Ahmed Nadeem''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa safu (columnist) wa Kiurdu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], mtangazaji wa televisheni, na mwandishi wa vitabu. Anaandika makala katika magazeti mbalimbali ya kitaifa kama Daily Jang, Daily Express, na Dunya News, pamoja na mengine.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mahmood|first1=Dr. Naazir|title=Diversity, inclusion and the young|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/970982-diversity-inclusion-and-the-young|work=The News|date=July 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Why not protect women?|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1252623|work=Dawn|date=April 17, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} n6kzvja239khsrsxng78oog99qrrd93 0 233778 1540478 2026-05-11T15:32:35Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox_Person | jina = Lani Daniels | picha = Lani daniels boxrec posing.jpg | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Daniels akiwa amevaa fulana ya namba moja ya BoxRec. | jina_halisi = Te Arani Moana Daniels | jina_la_utani = The Smiling Assassin | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|07|15}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Whangārei, New Zealand | makazi = Pipiwai, New Zealand | urefu...' 1540478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Lani Daniels | picha = Lani daniels boxrec posing.jpg | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Daniels akiwa amevaa fulana ya namba moja ya BoxRec. | jina_halisi = Te Arani Moana Daniels | jina_la_utani = The Smiling Assassin | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1988|07|15}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Whangārei, New Zealand | makazi = Pipiwai, New Zealand | urefu = sentimita 169 | uzito = kilo 76.0 | uzani = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Kati *Uzani wa Kati Mkubwa *Uzani wa Kati Mwepesi *Uzani Mzito }} }} '''Te Arani Moana''' "'''Lani'''" '''Daniels''' (amezaliwa 15 Julai 1988) ni bondia maarufu kutoka nchi ya [[New Zealand]]. Kwa sasa, yeye ni bingwa wa dunia wa mikanda ya WBO na IBF katika uzito wa [[Super-middleweight|kati]]. Lani ameweka historia ya kuwa bondia wa kwanza mwenye asili ya [[Wamaori]] kushinda ubingwa wa dunia katika uzito wa aina tatu tofauti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://1news.co.nz|title=Lani Daniels a double world champion after victory over Australian|publisher=TVNZ One News |date=2023-12-03|access-date=2023-12-04}}</ref> Amewahi pia kuwa bingwa wa dunia wa uzito wa [[Heavyweight|juu]]. ==Maisha yake== Lani alizaliwa katika familia ya watoto tisa. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14, mdogo wake alifariki kwa ugonjwa wa kansa, jambo lililomfanya Lani aanze kutumia pombe na dawa za kulevya kwa sababu ya msongo wa mawazo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stuff.co.nz|title='Boxing saved my life': When finding the will to live is the biggest win|publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date= |access-date=2018-10-19}}</ref> Hata hivyo, alikuja kubadilisha maisha yake na kuanza mchezo wa ndondi. Mbali na kuwa bondia, Lani ni muuguzi anayewahudumia wagonjwa wa afya ya akili. Yeye hufanya mazoezi na dada yake anayeitwa Caroline, na wote wawili wameahidi kuwa hawatapigana ulingoni kwa sababu ni ndugu wa damu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stuff.co.nz|title=Daniels sisters making their mark in the ring|publisher=[[Stuff (website)|Stuff]] |date= |access-date=2018-10-19}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{BD|1988}} [[Jamii:Mabondia wa New Zealand]] kq02cwxunj9gu2u76ovbpvwbv37ua52 14 233779 1540479 2026-05-11T15:33:57Z Bycashtz 81318 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Mabondia]]' 1540479 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Mabondia]] 1rocx8ifmp0arhl1xtno8kockr3ey38 1540881 1540479 2026-05-12T09:57:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wapiga ngumi nchi kwa nchi|N]] [[Jamii:watu wa New Zealand|B]] d9ixh1zx1nw8uh0nqrmk7gqmf9rmik7 0 233780 1540480 2026-05-11T15:36:08Z EdwardJacobo42 48620 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muhammad Bux Johar''' (Kisindhi: محمد بخش جوهر) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa Kisindhi kutoka Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan, ambaye alifanya kazi katika sekta ya vyombo vya habari kwa zaidi ya miaka 45. Alifanya kazi kama mhariri wa Hilal Pakistan ya Karachi, Pakistan na pia gazeti la Daily Aftab la Sindh. Pia alifanya kazi katika jarida la Sindhi Digest.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=sd&u=http://encyc...' 1540480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Bux Johar''' (Kisindhi: محمد بخش جوهر) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa habari wa Kisindhi kutoka Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan, ambaye alifanya kazi katika sekta ya vyombo vya habari kwa zaidi ya miaka 45. Alifanya kazi kama mhariri wa Hilal Pakistan ya Karachi, Pakistan na pia gazeti la Daily Aftab la Sindh. Pia alifanya kazi katika jarida la Sindhi Digest.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=sd&u=http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php%3FDflt%3D%25D8%25A7%25DA%258F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25DA%2599%2520%25D9%25BF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2587%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586&prev=search|title=اڏامندڙ ٿالهيون Rampant Holiday|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=encyclopediasindhiana.org|access-date=8 Aug 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} keqkktkc2kfkd83fk88mc5uskdwn8m9 0 233781 1540486 2026-05-11T15:53:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sally Seymour''' (alikufa 3 Aprili 1824) alikuwa Mwafrika-Mmarekani aliyekuwa mpishi wa vitamu na mmiliki wa mgahawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Myers|first=Amrita Chakrabarti|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging](https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging) Freedom: Black Women and the Pursuit of Liberty in Antebellum Charleston...' 1540486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sally Seymour''' (alikufa 3 Aprili 1824) alikuwa Mwafrika-Mmarekani aliyekuwa mpishi wa vitamu na mmiliki wa mgahawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Myers|first=Amrita Chakrabarti|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging](https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging) Freedom: Black Women and the Pursuit of Liberty in Antebellum Charleston|date=2011|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-3505-0|language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">David S. Shields, ''[[https://books.google.com/books?id=joI5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Eliza+Seymour+Lee&pg=PA86](https://books.google.com/books?id=joI5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Eliza+Seymour+Lee&pg=PA86) The Culinarians: Lives and Careers from the First Age of American Fine Dining]''</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|||1824}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [ g4lf5f15vkkopi73sdw6ojkdaw8oly9 1540499 1540486 2026-05-11T16:26:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540499 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sally Seymour''' (alikufa 3 Aprili 1824) alikuwa Mwafrika-Mmarekani aliyekuwa mpishi wa vitamu na mmiliki wa mgahawa.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|last=Myers|first=Amrita Chakrabarti|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging](https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging) Freedom: Black Women and the Pursuit of Liberty in Antebellum Charleston|date=2011|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-3505-0|language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">David S. Shields, ''[[https://books.google.com/books?id=joI5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Eliza+Seymour+Lee&pg=PA86](https://books.google.com/books?id=joI5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Eliza+Seymour+Lee&pg=PA86) The Culinarians: Lives and Careers from the First Age of American Fine Dining]''</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|||1824}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [ tdl2utpt5n404zec3672nk8690f5kki 1540883 1540499 2026-05-12T09:58:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540883 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sally Seymour''' (alifariki 3 Aprili 1824) alikuwa [[Wamarekani weusi|Mwafrika-Mmarekani]] aliyekuwa mpishi wa vitamu na mmiliki wa mgahawa.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|last=Myers|first=Amrita Chakrabarti|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging](https://books.google.com/books?id=FAgfQcy7augC&dq=Catharine+maria+sasportas&pg=PA104|title=Forging) Freedom: Black Women and the Pursuit of Liberty in Antebellum Charleston|date=2011|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-8078-3505-0|language=en}}</ref><ref name="books.google.com">David S. Shields, ''[[https://books.google.com/books?id=joI5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Eliza+Seymour+Lee&pg=PA86](https://books.google.com/books?id=joI5DwAAQBAJ&dq=Eliza+Seymour+Lee&pg=PA86) The Culinarians: Lives and Careers from the First Age of American Fine Dining]''</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||1824}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]] 3ycy7tgkg9z05dycquo2b8ay85izb1a 0 233782 1540487 2026-05-11T15:57:51Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gregory Paul Soriano''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Greggy Soriano''', ni mtayarishaji wa maudhui mtandaoni na YouTuber.<ref>{{cite web|title=Greggy's Digest |website=[[YouTube]] |url=[https://www.youtube.com/greggysorianogreggysdigest}}](https://www.youtube.com/greggysorianogreggysdigest}})</ref> Amejulikana kwa kazi zake za utengenezaji wa maudhui ya kidijitali pamoja na kushiriki katika matangazo mbalimbali ya biashara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kroger Hol...' 1540487 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gregory Paul Soriano''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Greggy Soriano''', ni mtayarishaji wa maudhui mtandaoni na YouTuber.<ref>{{cite web|title=Greggy's Digest |website=[[YouTube]] |url=[https://www.youtube.com/greggysorianogreggysdigest}}](https://www.youtube.com/greggysorianogreggysdigest}})</ref> Amejulikana kwa kazi zake za utengenezaji wa maudhui ya kidijitali pamoja na kushiriki katika matangazo mbalimbali ya biashara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kroger Holiday Spot | website=[[YouTube]] | date=16 December 2015 |url=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jgkDVCXUzw}}](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jgkDVCXUzw}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [ 8fyu0i45ofhhvp240e90bgw7viks5uj 1540488 1540487 2026-05-11T15:58:23Z Valuegirl 87699 1540488 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gregory Paul Soriano''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Greggy Soriano''', ni mtayarishaji wa maudhui mtandaoni na YouTuber.<ref>{{cite web|title=Greggy's Digest |website=[[YouTube]] |url=[https://www.youtube.com/greggysorianogreggysdigest}}](https://www.youtube.com/greggysorianogreggysdigest}})</ref> Amejulikana kwa kazi zake za utengenezaji wa maudhui ya kidijitali pamoja na kushiriki katika matangazo mbalimbali ya biashara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kroger Holiday Spot | website=[[YouTube]] | date=16 December 2015 |url=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jgkDVCXUzw}}](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jgkDVCXUzw}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] orep16uipubphhsuv890jgn1xljmiyy 0 233783 1540501 2026-05-11T16:33:26Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Francesca Balzani''' (alizaliwa 31 Oktoba 1966) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama Diwani wa Manispaa kwa ajili ya Bajeti katika mji wa [[Genoa]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2009, na alikuwa [[Mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] wakati wa bunge la saba la Ulaya (2009–2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96919/FRANCESCA_BALZANI/history/7|title...' 1540501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesca Balzani''' (alizaliwa 31 Oktoba 1966) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama Diwani wa Manispaa kwa ajili ya Bajeti katika mji wa [[Genoa]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2009, na alikuwa [[Mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] wakati wa bunge la saba la Ulaya (2009–2014).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96919/FRANCESCA_BALZANI/history/7|title=Francesca BALZANI - History of parliamentary service|publisher=European Parliament|language=en}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2016, alishika nafasi ya Naibu Meya wa mji wa [[Milan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/francesca-balzani/39103|title=Francesca Balzani|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1966||Balzani, Francesca}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] lh86rvh338iuo72dbjcrx88y32cv2gy 0 233784 1540502 2026-05-11T16:36:17Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patrizia Barbieri''' (alizaliwa 8 Mei 1960) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa Italia. Alihudumu kama Meya wa [[Piacenza]] na Rais wa Mkoa wa Piacenza kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilpiacenza.it/politica/patrizia-barbieri-tra-le-candidate-al-premio-per-il-miglior-sindaco-del-mondo.html|title=Patrizia Barbieri tra le candidate al Premio per il miglior sindaco del mondo|language=it|access-date=19 June 2018|publisher=ilpiacenza....' 1540502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrizia Barbieri''' (alizaliwa 8 Mei 1960) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa Italia. Alihudumu kama Meya wa [[Piacenza]] na Rais wa Mkoa wa Piacenza kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilpiacenza.it/politica/patrizia-barbieri-tra-le-candidate-al-premio-per-il-miglior-sindaco-del-mondo.html|title=Patrizia Barbieri tra le candidate al Premio per il miglior sindaco del mondo|language=it|access-date=19 June 2018|publisher=ilpiacenza.it|archive-date=8 June 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220608150330/https://www.ilpiacenza.it/politica/patrizia-barbieri-tra-le-candidate-al-premio-per-il-miglior-sindaco-del-mondo.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||Barbieri, Patrizia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 92l3osaq4h7ev097xjao6qjhf2cm3yr 0 233785 1540507 2026-05-11T16:43:46Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Monica Barni''' (alizaliwa 5 Aprili 1961) ni mwanaisimu na msomi wa [[Italia]] aliyebobea katika [[elimu ya lugha]], [[elimu-jamii ya lugha]] (sociolinguistics), upimaji wa lugha, na haki za kilinguistiki. Ni profesa kamili wa kufundisha lugha za kisasa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Wageni cha Siena]] (Università per Stranieri di Siena), ambapo alifanya kazi kama mkuu wa chuo (rector) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unistrasi.i...' 1540507 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monica Barni''' (alizaliwa 5 Aprili 1961) ni mwanaisimu na msomi wa [[Italia]] aliyebobea katika [[elimu ya lugha]], [[elimu-jamii ya lugha]] (sociolinguistics), upimaji wa lugha, na haki za kilinguistiki. Ni profesa kamili wa kufundisha lugha za kisasa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Wageni cha Siena]] (Università per Stranieri di Siena), ambapo alifanya kazi kama mkuu wa chuo (rector) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unistrasi.it/1/484/2651/Monica_Barni.htm|title=Monica Barni|publisher=Università per Stranieri di Siena|language=it}}</ref> Pia, alifanya kazi kama [[Makamu wa Rais wa Tuscany]] katika serikali ya pili ya kikanda iliyoongozwa na [[Enrico Rossi (mwanasiasa)|Enrico Rossi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regione.toscana.it/regione/giunta/monica-barni|title=Monica Barni - Regione Toscana|publisher=Regione Toscana|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||Barni, Monica}} [[Jamii:Wasomi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] flm6ct5273kcln13fabmuwuanx5p07k 0 233786 1540512 2026-05-11T16:54:15Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540512 wikitext text/x-wiki Brigedia '''Andrew Terence Juxon-Smith''' (30 Novemba 1931 – 1996) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na ofisa wa jeshi wa [[Sierra Leone]] mwenye asili ya Krio (Creole). Kati ya tarehe 27 Machi 1967 na 18 Aprili 1968, alihudumu kama Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Marekebisho (National Reformation Council) na kaimu Gavana'''-'''Mkuu, nafasi iliyokuwa sawa na mkuu wa nchi ya Sierra Leone. Pia, alikuwa Waziri wa Fedha wa Sierra Leone. Yeye pamoja na Baraza hilo walipinduliwa mnamo Aprili 1968 na kikundi cha maofisa wa kijeshi wa ngazi ya chini kikiongozwa na John Amadu Bangura, hatua iliyorejesha utawala wa bunge nchini Sierra Leone chini ya Siaka Stevens. Baadaye alihamia nchini Marekani na kufariki dunia huko Stapleton, New York.<ref>{{Citation|last=Times|first=Lloyd Garrison Special To the New York|title=FREETOWN GREETS NEW JUNTA CHIEF; Juxon-Smith Welcomed Genda Does Not Arrive|date=1967-03-29|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/03/29/archives/freetown-greets-new-junta-chief-juxonsmith-welcomed-genda-does-not.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1996]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] s1fce6cnknvvxa581t6qxzqp0f2xl1i 0 233787 1540513 2026-05-11T16:56:32Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Lisa Baroni''' (alizaliwa 20 Oktoba 1959) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018|uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307304&idLegislatura=18|title=BARONI Anna Lisa - FI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Wakati wa muhula wa...' 1540513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Lisa Baroni''' (alizaliwa 20 Oktoba 1959) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018|uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307304&idLegislatura=18|title=BARONI Anna Lisa - FI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Wakati wa muhula wake, aliwakilisha chama cha Forza Italia kabla ya kujiunga na kikundi cha Azione mnamo mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/anna-lisa-baroni/334213|title=Anna Lisa Baroni|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959||Baroni, Anna Lisa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3w4ebhab6y8xe783msl6pequ11gd008 0 233788 1540516 2026-05-11T17:00:03Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salia Jusu-Sheriff''' (1 Juni 1929 – 19 Desemba 2009) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] aliyehudumu kama Makamu wa Rais wa Sierra Leone kuanzia mwaka 1987 hadi 1991. Alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha SLPP (''Sierra Leone People's Party'').<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q31SWae8fhIC&q=%22Salia+Jusu-Sheriff%22+1929&pg=PA78|title=Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone|last=Fyle|first=Magbaily C.|date=2006-03-27|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-0-8108-6504-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Yasmin Jusu-Sheriff {{!}} Conciliation Resources|url=https://www.c-r.org/who-we-are/people/yasmin-jusu-sheriff|work=www.c-r.org|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] pwp39djtjbc4ner3s7b8qau3jbefgrt 1540629 1540516 2026-05-11T21:06:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540629 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salia Jusu-Sheriff''' (1 Juni 1929 – 19 Desemba 2009) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] aliyehudumu kama Makamu wa Rais wa Sierra Leone kuanzia mwaka 1987 hadi 1991. Alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha SLPP (''Sierra Leone People's Party'').<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q31SWae8fhIC&q=%22Salia+Jusu-Sheriff%22+1929&pg=PA78|title=Historical Dictionary of Sierra Leone|last=Fyle|first=Magbaily C.|date=2006-03-27|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC|isbn=978-0-8108-6504-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yasmin Jusu-Sheriff {{!}} Conciliation Resources|url=https://www.c-r.org/who-we-are/people/yasmin-jusu-sheriff|work=www.c-r.org|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] rgdz0u68p64n7cdbf4eb1tedw5oaa8n 0 233789 1540520 2026-05-11T17:04:25Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540520 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric B. Jumu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Sierra Leone]] People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] gjizwkd2u8yr999bpp3qqdoft00ogxh 1540547 1540520 2026-05-11T18:37:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric B. Jumu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Sierra Leone]] People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2007.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] qjagdh0oodgsyvlgtt4v7vdqdn6hii5 0 233790 1540521 2026-05-11T17:07:49Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fiorenza Bassoli''' (9 Agosti 1948 – 5 Julai 2020) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Italia|Italia.]] == Wasifu == Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika chama cha PCI na baadaye kujiunga na PDS, DS, na hatimaye [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/15/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00017541.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Fiorenza BASSOLI - XV Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=i...' 1540521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fiorenza Bassoli''' (9 Agosti 1948 – 5 Julai 2020) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Italia|Italia.]] == Wasifu == Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika chama cha PCI na baadaye kujiunga na PDS, DS, na hatimaye [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/15/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00017541.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Fiorenza BASSOLI - XV Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Bassoli alifanya kazi kama mbunge katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] wakati wa bunge la kumi na tano na kumi na sita (2006–2013).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/20_luglio_05/morta-fiorenza-bassoli-ex-senatrice-pd-aveva-71-anni-78f993f4-be99-11ea-85d0-9f5b3589b91c.shtml|title=Morta Fiorenza Bassoli, ex senatrice Pd: aveva 71 anni|work=Corriere della Sera|date=5 Julai 2020|language=it}}</ref> Pia, alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa meya wa mji wa [[Sesto San Giovanni]] kuanzia mwaka 1985 hadi 1994. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|2020|Bassoli, Fiorenza}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] oe4elvha8uag4ug76rt6bk38on0r9z5 0 233791 1540522 2026-05-11T17:10:56Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540522 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Chukuma Johnson''' (11 Mei 1944 – 15 Julai 2012) alikuwa mjasiriamali na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alikuwa naibu kiongozi na mwenyekiti wa chama cha All People's Congress (APC) kati ya mwaka 2004 na 2012. Pia, alishika nafasi ya Naibu Spika wa Bunge la Sierra Leone katika serikali ya zamani ya Ernest Bai Koroma. Vilevile, aliwahi kuhudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Usimamizi ya Baraza la Jiji la Freetown(Freetown City Council).<ref>{{Cite web|title=*Chukuma Johnson heads APC – Cocorioko|url=https://cocorioko.net/chukuma-johnson-heads-apc/|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Another Sad Loss: APC Vice Chairman Passes Away|url=http://thepatrioticvanguard.com/another-sad-loss-apc-vice-chairman-passes-away|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2012-07-16|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] o2w1tpij5kud8yknkwgwr2o4baxbsde 1540524 1540522 2026-05-11T17:17:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Chukuma Johnson''' (11 Mei 1944 – 15 Julai 2012) alikuwa mjasiriamali na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alikuwa naibu kiongozi na mwenyekiti wa chama cha All People's Congress (APC) kati ya mwaka 2004 na 2012. Pia, alishika nafasi ya Naibu Spika wa Bunge la Sierra Leone katika serikali ya zamani ya Ernest Bai Koroma. Vilevile, aliwahi kuhudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Usimamizi ya Baraza la Jiji la Freetown(Freetown City Council).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=*Chukuma Johnson heads APC – Cocorioko|url=https://cocorioko.net/chukuma-johnson-heads-apc/|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Another Sad Loss: APC Vice Chairman Passes Away|url=http://thepatrioticvanguard.com/another-sad-loss-apc-vice-chairman-passes-away|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2012-07-16|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] cztt4z2123drwefvz6h9avpqzed8eut 0 233792 1540523 2026-05-11T17:16:13Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alhaji Bomba Jawara''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party(SLPP), na mnamo mwaka 2004/05 alikuwa mbunge akiwakilisha Wilaya ya Koinadugu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament Of Sierra Leone|url=http://parliamentsl.org/members.htm|work=parliamentsl.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 27azxfwaq2qnqp6vgxca2ros2muioye 0 233793 1540527 2026-05-11T17:40:41Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Immacolata "Imma" Battaglia''' (alizaliwa 28 Machi 1960) ni mwanasiasa wa mrengo wa kushoto wa [[Italia]] na mwanaharakati wa haki za [[LGBT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2010/11/11/cosi-si-creano-parcheggi-per-bimbi-insorgono.html|title='Così si creano parcheggi per i bimbi' Insorgono i sindacati e il centrosinistra|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> == Wasifu == Battaglia anafahamika zaidi kama mm...' 1540527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Immacolata "Imma" Battaglia''' (alizaliwa 28 Machi 1960) ni mwanasiasa wa mrengo wa kushoto wa [[Italia]] na mwanaharakati wa haki za [[LGBT]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2010/11/11/cosi-si-creano-parcheggi-per-bimbi-insorgono.html|title='Così si creano parcheggi per i bimbi' Insorgono i sindacati e il centrosinistra|accessdate=17 January 2013}}</ref> == Wasifu == Battaglia anafahamika zaidi kama mmoja wa waasisi wa harakati za mashoga nchini Italia. Alikuwa rais wa shirika la ''Mario Mieli'' na mratibu wa maandamano ya kwanza ya kimataifa ya "World Pride" yaliyofanyika mjini [[Roma]] mwaka 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/13_giugno_10/imma-battaglia-consiglio-comunale-roma_a988d8b6-d1cc-11e2-b883-4a113e00781e.shtml|title=Roma, Imma Battaglia entra in Consiglio comunale|publisher=Corriere della Sera|language=it}}</ref> Katika nyanja ya siasa, alifanya kazi kama diwani katika manispaa ya Roma kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2016. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||Battaglia, Imma}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ``` saca06zxl8xs3420ghu6dmbzge0b3fj 0 233794 1540528 2026-05-11T17:43:08Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Wurie Jalloh''' (alizaliwa tarehe 3 Oktoba 1956) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama naibu meya wa Bo, mji wa pili kwa ukubwa nchini Sierra Leone. Yeye ni diwanialiyechaguliwa katika Baraza la Jiji la Bo na ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party(SLPP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awoko Newspaper -|url=https://awoko.org/|work=Awoko Newspaper|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] ft6f3qpk5xjrsf8sququ8cjwyltqyoz 1540605 1540528 2026-05-11T20:11:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed Wurie Jalloh''' (alizaliwa tarehe 3 Oktoba 1956) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama naibu meya wa Bo, mji wa pili kwa ukubwa nchini Sierra Leone. Yeye ni diwanialiyechaguliwa katika Baraza la Jiji la Bo na ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party(SLPP).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Awoko Newspaper -|url=https://awoko.org/|work=Awoko Newspaper|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] k12l5bdfgor5tdaufhh98v6jbijmvm1 0 233795 1540532 2026-05-11T17:49:34Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed A. Jalloh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha All People's Congress (APC) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Koinadugu, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=http://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] du467v11v4nd2uf3ic2d6n2lbfwcsgy 1540604 1540532 2026-05-11T20:10:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540604 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamed A. Jalloh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha All People's Congress (APC) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Koinadugu, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=http://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] f8zclb7kwnkzjx73lf73v8jjkeyepwx 0 233796 1540535 2026-05-11T18:19:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shadreck Jonas''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Viwanda na Biashara nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2010 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 9 Agosti 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MP Jonas’ switch to MCP ruffles feathers in Dowa, primaries halted - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/mp-jonas-s...' 1540535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shadreck Jonas''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Viwanda na Biashara nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2010 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 9 Agosti 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MP Jonas’ switch to MCP ruffles feathers in Dowa, primaries halted - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/mp-jonas-switch-to-mcp-ruffles-feathers-in-dowa-primaries-halted/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2014-01-16|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] eixbas13so0bgszcj28kykszgzugtdh 1540634 1540535 2026-05-11T21:10:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shadreck Jonas''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Viwanda na Biashara nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2010 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 9 Agosti 2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MP Jonas’ switch to MCP ruffles feathers in Dowa, primaries halted - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/mp-jonas-switch-to-mcp-ruffles-feathers-in-dowa-primaries-halted/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2014-01-16|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] cq38f3ixxtuk1iq9ksqwlh00vea1t5o 0 233797 1540536 2026-05-11T18:20:51Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540536 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alhaji Amadu Jalloh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Sierra Leone]]. Aligombea kiti cha urais katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 1996 kama mwanachama wa chama cha National Democratic Alliance (NDA), ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya 8 akipata asilimia 2.3 ya kura katika mzunguko wa kwanza. Aligombea tena kama mgombea wa NDA katika uchaguzi wa rais wa Agosti 2007, akipata asilimia 0.96 ya kura na kushika nafasi ya tano. Mnamo tarehe 27 Agosti 2007, Jalloh alitangaza uamuzi wa chama chake kumuunga mkono mgombea aliyeshika nafasi ya pili, Solomon Berewa wa chama tawala cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP), katika mzunguko wa pili wa uchaguzi huo. Alikanusha madai kuwa alikuwa ameungana na chama cha upinzani cha All People's Congress (APC) kutokana na picha iliyomuonyesha akiwa na kiongozi wa APC Ernest Bai Koroma na kiongozi wa People's Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC) Charles Margai, ambapo alisema picha hiyo ilipigwa baada ya mkutano wa mashauriano kati ya vyama hivyo.<ref>{{Citation|title=Wayback Machine|date=2026-05-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&oldid=1353605699|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8rjghpfv3rj1xf6jnvsc8nylxafwpmb 0 233798 1540538 2026-05-11T18:25:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ralph Pachalo Jooma''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Hapo awali alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Afya nchini Malawi. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa jimbo la Monkey Bay katika Wilaya ya Mangochi kupitia chama cha Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (DPP)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ralph Pachalo Jooma {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3645/ralph-jooma|work=www.africa-confidential.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=...' 1540538 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ralph Pachalo Jooma''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Hapo awali alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Afya nchini Malawi. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa jimbo la Monkey Bay katika Wilaya ya Mangochi kupitia chama cha Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (DPP)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ralph Pachalo Jooma {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3645/ralph-jooma|work=www.africa-confidential.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kamati ya [[bunge]] inayoshughulikia bajeti na [[fedha]] katika bunge la Malawi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 9j17f807mft6poad00u8o56e93u4zvg 1540625 1540538 2026-05-11T20:59:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540625 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ralph Pachalo Jooma''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Hapo awali alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Afya nchini Malawi. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa jimbo la Monkey Bay katika Wilaya ya Mangochi kupitia chama cha Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (DPP)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ralph Pachalo Jooma {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential|url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3645/ralph-jooma|work=www.africa-confidential.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kamati ya [[bunge]] inayoshughulikia bajeti na [[fedha]] katika bunge la Malawi. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] lf20m3zevfihscvwlwnkprg0a0qti1i 0 233799 1540540 2026-05-11T18:28:20Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alhaji Abubakarr Jalloh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Tangu kuchaguliwa kwa Ernest Bai Koroma kama Rais wa Sierra Leone mnamo Septemba 2007, Jalloh amehudumu kama Waziri wa Rasilimali za Madini. Katika uchaguzi wa Rais wa mwaka 2002, Jalloh alikuwa mgombea mwenza wa Koroma kupitia chama cha All People's Congress (APC). Yeye ni mwanachama wa kabila la Wafula (Fula).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile of Alhaji Abubakarr Jalloh|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/profile-of-alhaji-abubakarr-jalloh|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2007-10-11|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 95rbm3w7xnngddlxqy4ls6ppdd8e0rr 0 233800 1540541 2026-05-11T18:29:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ted Kalebe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Mipango ya Uchumi na Maendeleo nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2007 na [[rais]] wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabin...' 1540541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Kalebe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Mipango ya Uchumi na Maendeleo nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2007 na [[rais]] wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] iwp24b4z9gchgij37cthi46p3k3o3li 1540645 1540541 2026-05-11T21:22:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540645 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Kalebe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Mipango ya Uchumi na Maendeleo nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2007 na [[rais]] wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 6efmijfj76rv7dar6928uq7p3sj5iqk 1540707 1540645 2026-05-12T01:21:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ted Kalebe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Mipango ya Uchumi na Maendeleo nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2007 na [[rais]] wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|archive-date=2011-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110210030117/http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 73q5sfh0pnxh3q14l7954p0s5isw0uw 0 233801 1540543 2026-05-11T18:32:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eylin Kalonga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Viwanda, Sayansi na Teknolojia nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2004 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bakili Muluzi. Muhula wake ulianza mwezi [[Juni]] 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw:80/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=20...' 1540543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eylin Kalonga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Viwanda, Sayansi na Teknolojia nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2004 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bakili Muluzi. Muhula wake ulianza mwezi [[Juni]] 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw:80/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2lraayjlyvl7jelokzj2ime6ggjq725 1540548 1540543 2026-05-11T18:39:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540548 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eylin Kalonga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Viwanda, Sayansi na Teknolojia nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2004 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bakili Muluzi. Muhula wake ulianza mwezi [[Juni]] 2004.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw:80/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] els2dqz9e1loahi4ebevv6z71o0ezdl 0 233802 1540544 2026-05-11T18:34:04Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bu-Buakei Jabbi''' (alizaliwa tarehe 7 Mei 1945) ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Yeye ni mbunge aliyechaguliwa katika Bunge la Sierra Leone akiwakilisha Jimbo la 8 katika Wilaya ya Kailahun. Pia, ni mwanasheria mkuu (senior attorney) wa chama cha SLPP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bu-Buakei Jabbi stops SLPP convention|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/bu-buakei-jabbi-stops-slpp-convention|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2011-03-01|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=John Benjamin Hires Bu-Buakei Jabbi in Laudable Gesture but Jabbi still wants a DECLARATION from Supreme Court: Sierra Leone News|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/exec/view.cgi?archive=7&num=17845|work=news.sl|accessdate=2026-05-11|author=Sylvia Blyden}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] l2cbk61hks8x1aczui46e4mlt31iy0g 0 233803 1540545 2026-05-11T18:36:19Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kamlepo Kalua''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Anatokea Wilaya ya Rumphi, na alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha Malawi cha [[demokrasia]] tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 1993 hadi mwaka 2012 alipohamia chama cha watu. Aligombea uchaguzi wa urais wa mwaka 1999, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwa kupata asilimia 1.4 ya kura zote za kitaifa. Kwa sasa ni makamu wa rais wa chama cha People's Party anayehusika na kanda ya kaskazini mwa Malawi. Kalua ni mkoso...' 1540545 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamlepo Kalua''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Anatokea Wilaya ya Rumphi, na alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha Malawi cha [[demokrasia]] tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 1993 hadi mwaka 2012 alipohamia chama cha watu. Aligombea uchaguzi wa urais wa mwaka 1999, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwa kupata asilimia 1.4 ya kura zote za kitaifa. Kwa sasa ni makamu wa rais wa chama cha People's Party anayehusika na kanda ya kaskazini mwa Malawi. Kalua ni mkosoaji mkubwa wa serikali ya [[Rais]] Peter Mutharika. Katika nafasi yake kama makamu mwenyekiti wa kamati ya hesabu za serikali katika bunge la Malawi, mara nyingi aliishutumu serikali ya Peter Mutharika kwa kuwalinda mawaziri saba wa baraza la mawaziri waliotuhumiwa kwa rushwa. Katika vikao vya bunge vya mwaka 2016 hadi 2017, Kalua alitishia mara kwa mara kuwataja hadharani mawaziri hao wanaodaiwa kuwa wafisadi. Mnamo tarehe 27 Aprili 2017, maafisa wa Malawi Revenue Authority (MRA) wakiongozana na polisi wenye silaha walivamia nyumba za Kalua na mwanawe Penjani, ambapo walikamata gari lake la Mercedes Benz pamoja na Toyota V8 ya mwanawe kwa madai kuwa yaliingizwa nchini Malawi kwa njia ya magendo. Siku iliyofuata, polisi walirejea nyumbani kwa Kalua wakiwa na kibali cha upekuzi na kulivuta gari aina ya Jeep la mbunge huyo kwa madai kuwa lilikuwa limeibwa. Magari hayo yalirudishwa wiki moja baadaye baada ya Kalua kupata amri ya [[mahakama]]. Wiki hiyo hiyo, Kalua aliripotiwa kupotea na baadaye kupatikana akiwa amefungwa mikono na miguu kwa kamba za bluu, lakini bila majeraha yoyote. Tukio hilo liliwafanya baadhi ya watu kudai kuwa alikuwa ameigiza kutekwa kwake mwenyewe. Polisi walitishia kumfungulia mashtaka kwa kudanganya kuhusu tukio hilo. Kuhusu Zimbabwe, Kalua alikosoa uamuzi wa kuipa jina la Rais wa [[Zimbabwe]] Robert Mugabe barabara inayounganisha Blantyre na Msumbiji, akimtaja Mugabe kama “dikteta wa waziwazi.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi - Malawi premier news source updated 24 Hours a day Nyasa Times - Malawi News - Malawi Politics|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] ojyl5xyk7pq7jmbmv17xvunaupdgjl2 1540574 1540545 2026-05-11T19:13:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamlepo Kalua''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Anatokea Wilaya ya Rumphi, na alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha Malawi cha [[demokrasia]] tangu kuanzishwa kwake mwaka 1993 hadi mwaka 2012 alipohamia chama cha watu. Aligombea uchaguzi wa urais wa mwaka 1999, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu kwa kupata asilimia 1.4 ya kura zote za kitaifa. Kwa sasa ni makamu wa rais wa chama cha People's Party anayehusika na kanda ya kaskazini mwa Malawi. Kalua ni mkosoaji mkubwa wa serikali ya [[Rais]] Peter Mutharika. Katika nafasi yake kama makamu mwenyekiti wa kamati ya hesabu za serikali katika bunge la Malawi, mara nyingi aliishutumu serikali ya Peter Mutharika kwa kuwalinda mawaziri saba wa baraza la mawaziri waliotuhumiwa kwa rushwa. Katika vikao vya bunge vya mwaka 2016 hadi 2017, Kalua alitishia mara kwa mara kuwataja hadharani mawaziri hao wanaodaiwa kuwa wafisadi. Mnamo tarehe 27 Aprili 2017, maafisa wa Malawi Revenue Authority (MRA) wakiongozana na polisi wenye silaha walivamia nyumba za Kalua na mwanawe Penjani, ambapo walikamata gari lake la Mercedes Benz pamoja na Toyota V8 ya mwanawe kwa madai kuwa yaliingizwa nchini Malawi kwa njia ya magendo. Siku iliyofuata, polisi walirejea nyumbani kwa Kalua wakiwa na kibali cha upekuzi na kulivuta gari aina ya Jeep la mbunge huyo kwa madai kuwa lilikuwa limeibwa. Magari hayo yalirudishwa wiki moja baadaye baada ya Kalua kupata amri ya [[mahakama]]. Wiki hiyo hiyo, Kalua aliripotiwa kupotea na baadaye kupatikana akiwa amefungwa mikono na miguu kwa kamba za bluu, lakini bila majeraha yoyote. Tukio hilo liliwafanya baadhi ya watu kudai kuwa alikuwa ameigiza kutekwa kwake mwenyewe. Polisi walitishia kumfungulia mashtaka kwa kudanganya kuhusu tukio hilo. Kuhusu Zimbabwe, Kalua alikosoa uamuzi wa kuipa jina la Rais wa [[Zimbabwe]] Robert Mugabe barabara inayounganisha Blantyre na Msumbiji, akimtaja Mugabe kama “dikteta wa waziwazi.”<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi - Malawi premier news source updated 24 Hours a day Nyasa Times - Malawi News - Malawi Politics|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] j9q85urszlsdfoaa4a9hvnfcbk9nzeu 0 233804 1540546 2026-05-11T18:36:29Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Eleonora Bechis''' (alizaliwa 19 Machi 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305898&idpersona=305898&idlegislatura=17|title=BECHIS Eleonora - mista|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alichaguliwa katika Uchaguzi...' 1540546 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eleonora Bechis''' (alizaliwa 19 Machi 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305898&idpersona=305898&idlegislatura=17|title=BECHIS Eleonora - mista|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alichaguliwa katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]] kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S), lakini baadaye aliondoka na kujiunga na kikundi cha Alternativa Libera.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/eleonora-bechis/305898|title=Eleonora Bechis|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Wakati wa muhula wake bungeni, alikuwa mwanachama wa Kamati ya Kumi na Moja inayoshughulikia masuala ya Kazi za Umma na Binafsi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||Bechis, Eleonora}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8i4w2248j59kudm4nqs7hruf0vyx9xi 0 233805 1540549 2026-05-11T18:39:46Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540549 wikitext text/x-wiki '''June Bernice Matilda Holst-Roness''' (10 Juni 1929 – 14 Februari 2008) alikuwa Meya wa zamani wa Freetown, [[Sierra Leone]] chini ya serikali ya chama cha APC ya Siaka Stevens. June Holst-Roness alikuwa mwanamke wa pili kuwa Meya wa Freetown. Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi, jiji hilo lilianzisha ushirikiano wa kirafiki (twinned) na mji wa Hull, Uingereza.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Elects First Female Mayor Since 1980 - African Leadership Magazine|url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/sierra-leone-elects-first-female-mayor-since-1980/|date=2018-03-21|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] l96soj1glsssjol2xjl3d389v77iujv 1540570 1540549 2026-05-11T19:11:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540570 wikitext text/x-wiki '''June Bernice Matilda Holst-Roness''' (10 Juni 1929 – 14 Februari 2008) alikuwa Meya wa zamani wa Freetown, [[Sierra Leone]] chini ya serikali ya chama cha APC ya Siaka Stevens. June Holst-Roness alikuwa mwanamke wa pili kuwa Meya wa Freetown. Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi, jiji hilo lilianzisha ushirikiano wa kirafiki (twinned) na mji wa Hull, Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone Elects First Female Mayor Since 1980 - African Leadership Magazine|url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/sierra-leone-elects-first-female-mayor-since-1980/|date=2018-03-21|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] mm200b3vebdnabjdetc9et83c285w1v 0 233806 1540551 2026-05-11T18:40:41Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James Bond Kamwambi''' (25 Novemba 1967 – 5 Februari 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=DPP mourns Karonga north west MP James Bond Kamwambi, laid to rest - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/dpp-mourns-karonga-north-west-mp-james-bond-kamwambi-laid-to-rest/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2021-02-07|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alihudumu...' 1540551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Bond Kamwambi''' (25 Novemba 1967 – 5 Februari 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=DPP mourns Karonga north west MP James Bond Kamwambi, laid to rest - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/dpp-mourns-karonga-north-west-mp-james-bond-kamwambi-laid-to-rest/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2021-02-07|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alihudumu kama mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Taifa la Malawi kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia, akiwakilisha jimbo la Karonga North West kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi kifo chake tarehe 5 Februari 2021. Alifariki kutokana na ugonjwa wa COVID-19 mjini Chitipa wakati wa janga la [[COVID-19]] nchini [[Malawi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Another Malawi MP dies of Covid-19 : DPP’s Kamwambi - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/another-malawi-mp-dies-of-covid-19-dpps-kamwambi/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2021-02-05|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] dwb6jvtcxhce3qtla5d1rlftsmt64ip 1540567 1540551 2026-05-11T19:02:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540567 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Bond Kamwambi''' (25 Novemba 1967 – 5 Februari 2021)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DPP mourns Karonga north west MP James Bond Kamwambi, laid to rest - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/dpp-mourns-karonga-north-west-mp-james-bond-kamwambi-laid-to-rest/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2021-02-07|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alihudumu kama mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Taifa la Malawi kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia, akiwakilisha jimbo la Karonga North West kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi kifo chake tarehe 5 Februari 2021. Alifariki kutokana na ugonjwa wa COVID-19 mjini Chitipa wakati wa janga la [[COVID-19]] nchini [[Malawi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Another Malawi MP dies of Covid-19 : DPP’s Kamwambi - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/another-malawi-mp-dies-of-covid-19-dpps-kamwambi/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2021-02-05|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] fi4iyv4p2prt47zffla8b2sdvwcuy38 0 233807 1540552 2026-05-11T18:45:23Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steven Stanford Kamwendo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Viwanda na Biashara nchini [[Malawi]] baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2009 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 15 Juni 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full...' 1540552 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Stanford Kamwendo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Viwanda na Biashara nchini [[Malawi]] baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2009 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 15 Juni 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 4jhz9zu55l5tiig7wk8gf72drqz4aw4 1540639 1540552 2026-05-11T21:17:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540639 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Stanford Kamwendo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Viwanda na Biashara nchini [[Malawi]] baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2009 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 15 Juni 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] tdctgavi6mclkxromn55f49lem71v68 0 233808 1540553 2026-05-11T18:46:21Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dkt. Prince Alex Harding''' (alizaliwa mjini Bo, Sierra Leone). Harding ni wa kabila la Kimende ambaye alikuwa Waziri wa Usalama na Ulinzi kuanzia Februari 2001 hadi Mei 2002, ambapo alikuja kuwa Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Mawasiliano. Pia, alikuwa katibu mkuu wa chama cha [[Sierra Leone]] People's Party (SLPP). Harding alisimamishwa kazi katika nafasi yake hiyo mnamo tarehe 5 Juni 2007.<ref>{{Citation|title=Minister suspended over air crash|date=2007-06-05|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6721937.stm|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 8g98k6tnzeuw3jmxxrcb3ikm34tx8nh 0 233809 1540554 2026-05-11T18:47:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bruce E. Toll''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 29]], [[1943]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya kujenga nyumba [[Toll Brothers]].Mwaka [[1967]], Toll na kaka yake [[Robert I. Toll]] walianzisha Toll Brothers wakizingatia kujenga nyumba za kifahari<ref name=RealDealBobToll>[http://therealdeal.com/closings/bob-toll/ The Real Deal: "Bob Toll" by Lauren Elkies] retrieved November 7, 2013</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-m...' 1540554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bruce E. Toll''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 29]], [[1943]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya kujenga nyumba [[Toll Brothers]].Mwaka [[1967]], Toll na kaka yake [[Robert I. Toll]] walianzisha Toll Brothers wakizingatia kujenga nyumba za kifahari<ref name=RealDealBobToll>[http://therealdeal.com/closings/bob-toll/ The Real Deal: "Bob Toll" by Lauren Elkies] retrieved November 7, 2013</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d1ppwb7k5bwfhu0juhnunfhs51vprb8 0 233810 1540555 2026-05-11T18:48:18Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Silvia Benedetti''' (alizaliwa 24 Oktoba 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]], na alifanya kazi bungeni hadi tarehe 22 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305602&idpersona=305602&idlegislatura=17|title=BENEDETTI Silvia - MIX|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu...' 1540555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvia Benedetti''' (alizaliwa 24 Oktoba 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]], na alifanya kazi bungeni hadi tarehe 22 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305602&idpersona=305602&idlegislatura=17|title=BENEDETTI Silvia - MIX|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alichaguliwa kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) katika jimbo la Veneto 1, lakini mnamo mwaka 2018 aliondoka kwenye chama hicho na kumalizia awamu yake kama mbunge asiye na chama (mista).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/silvia-benedetti/305602|title=Silvia Benedetti|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Alijulikana sana kwa mchango wake katika Kamati ya Kilimo ya bunge. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979||Benedetti, Silvia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wabunge wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gy6jlpmno90kcz9bj2wculxrufrldp0 0 233811 1540558 2026-05-11T18:51:17Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stevin Stafford Kamwendo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje mwaka 2010. Kamwendo aliwahi kuhudumu kama mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Malawi. Alikuwa mbunge kuanzia Mei 2009 na alihudumu katika baraza la mawaziri la marehemu Dkt. Bingu wa Mutharika kati ya mwaka 2009 hadi 2011. Mnamo Mei 2009 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Viwanda na [[Biashara]]. Alizaliwa tarehe 30 Novemba 1966 katika kijiji cha Kans...' 1540558 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stevin Stafford Kamwendo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje mwaka 2010. Kamwendo aliwahi kuhudumu kama mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Malawi. Alikuwa mbunge kuanzia Mei 2009 na alihudumu katika baraza la mawaziri la marehemu Dkt. Bingu wa Mutharika kati ya mwaka 2009 hadi 2011. Mnamo Mei 2009 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Viwanda na [[Biashara]]. Alizaliwa tarehe 30 Novemba 1966 katika kijiji cha Kansadzu, Wilaya ya Ntcheu District katika Kanda ya Kati ya Malawi. Mnamo Agosti 2010, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kufuatia mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri. Kamwendo ana shahada ya kwanza ya Kilimo kutoka University of Malawi, Bunda College. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa, alifanya kazi katika miradi ya European Union ndani ya Wizara ya Kilimo ya Serikali ya Malawi kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2000, na tena kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2009. Pia alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya mauzo ya kemikali kama Meneja wa Masoko na Mauzo kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2006. Aidha, alishiriki katika timu ya kuanzisha programu za usalama wa chakula za International Eye Foundation <ref>{{Cite web|title=International Eye Foundation (IEF) {{!}} International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness|url=http://www.iapb.org:80/member/international-eye-foundation-ief|work=www.iapb.org|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref>kati ya mwaka 1995 hadi 1997 na CARE International kati ya mwaka 1997 hadi 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.care-international.org/files/files/publications/CARE-International-Overview-2011.pdf|work=www.care-international.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] hbh6blfqi8xylnpfnl4sc4btbctl5ld 1540638 1540558 2026-05-11T21:17:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540638 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stevin Stafford Kamwendo''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa Malawi. Alikuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje mwaka 2010. Kamwendo aliwahi kuhudumu kama mbunge katika Bunge la Taifa la Malawi. Alikuwa mbunge kuanzia Mei 2009 na alihudumu katika baraza la mawaziri la marehemu Dkt. Bingu wa Mutharika kati ya mwaka 2009 hadi 2011. Mnamo Mei 2009 aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Viwanda na [[Biashara]]. Alizaliwa tarehe 30 Novemba 1966 katika kijiji cha Kansadzu, Wilaya ya Ntcheu District katika Kanda ya Kati ya Malawi. Mnamo Agosti 2010, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kufuatia mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri. Kamwendo ana shahada ya kwanza ya Kilimo kutoka University of Malawi, Bunda College. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa, alifanya kazi katika miradi ya European Union ndani ya Wizara ya Kilimo ya Serikali ya Malawi kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2000, na tena kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2009. Pia alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya mauzo ya kemikali kama Meneja wa Masoko na Mauzo kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2006. Aidha, alishiriki katika timu ya kuanzisha programu za usalama wa chakula za International Eye Foundation <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=International Eye Foundation (IEF) {{!}} International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness|url=http://www.iapb.org:80/member/international-eye-foundation-ief|work=www.iapb.org|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref>kati ya mwaka 1995 hadi 1997 na CARE International kati ya mwaka 1997 hadi 1999.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wayback Machine|url=https://www.care-international.org/files/files/publications/CARE-International-Overview-2011.pdf|work=www.care-international.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] qvl47dn4z22rx9op913ntvo2wr923jv 0 233812 1540559 2026-05-11T18:51:54Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amadu Wurie''' (27 Agosti 1898 – 13 Juni 1977) alikuwa mwanataaluma wa elimu na [[mwanasiasa]] wa mapema nchini [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leonean Heroes - "Achievement of Independence" - Sierra Leone Web|url=http://www.sierra-leone.org/heroes8.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1898]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] p3d511qgoqwo381lxwlvcfzstytjbmr 0 233813 1540561 2026-05-11T18:53:48Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jean-Claude Szurdak''' (14 Mei 1937 – 2 Februari 2025) alikuwa mpishi wa [[Kifaransa]]-[[Marekani|Mmarekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mshirika wa muda mrefu wa Jacques Pépin. Katika miaka ya 1950 alikuwa mpishi wa viongozi mbalimbali wa serikali ya Ufaransa akiwemo Charles de Gaulle pamoja na wageni wengine wa hadhi ya juu wa kitaifa. <ref name="ctpost">{{cite web |last=Lang |first=Joel |title=At 80, master chef Jacques Pepin still has a lot on his...' 1540561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Claude Szurdak''' (14 Mei 1937 – 2 Februari 2025) alikuwa mpishi wa [[Kifaransa]]-[[Marekani|Mmarekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mshirika wa muda mrefu wa Jacques Pépin. Katika miaka ya 1950 alikuwa mpishi wa viongozi mbalimbali wa serikali ya Ufaransa akiwemo Charles de Gaulle pamoja na wageni wengine wa hadhi ya juu wa kitaifa. <ref name="ctpost">{{cite web |last=Lang |first=Joel |title=At 80, master chef Jacques Pepin still has a lot on his plate |url=[https://www.ctpost.com/living/article/At-80-master-chef-Jacques-Pepin-still-has-a-lot-7397638.php](https://www.ctpost.com/living/article/At-80-master-chef-Jacques-Pepin-still-has-a-lot-7397638.php) |website=CT Post |date=8 May 2016 |access-date=11 February 2025 |archive-date=July 4, 2025 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20250704073343/https://www.ctpost.com/living/article/At-80-master-chef-Jacques-Pepin-still-has-a-lot-7397638.php](https://web.archive.org/web/20250704073343/https://www.ctpost.com/living/article/At-80-master-chef-Jacques-Pepin-still-has-a-lot-7397638.php) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1937|2025}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] l0onb563g1xl4pb4ivle5hzwnyp9s84 0 233814 1540562 2026-05-11T18:54:20Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fausta Bergamotto''' (alizaliwa 28 Julai 1968) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy]] ambaye anahudumu kama [[Katibu Mdogo]] wa [[Wizara ya Biashara na Bidhaa za Italia]] (Ministry for Business and Made in Italy) tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tgmax.it/fausta-bergamotto-e-luigi-deramo-due-sottosegratari-aquilani-nel-governo-meloni/|title=Fausta Bergamotto e Luigi D'Eramo, due sottosegratari aquilani nel governo...' 1540562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fausta Bergamotto''' (alizaliwa 28 Julai 1968) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy]] ambaye anahudumu kama [[Katibu Mdogo]] wa [[Wizara ya Biashara na Bidhaa za Italia]] (Ministry for Business and Made in Italy) tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tgmax.it/fausta-bergamotto-e-luigi-deramo-due-sottosegratari-aquilani-nel-governo-meloni/|title=Fausta Bergamotto e Luigi D'Eramo, due sottosegratari aquilani nel governo Meloni|work=Telemax|date=31 October 2022|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alifanya kazi kama diwani anayehusika na mashirika ya umma, wafanyakazi, na masuala ya kisheria katika mji wa [[L'Aquila]] kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2022. Aidha, amefanya kazi katika [[Ofisi ya Rais wa Baraza la Mawaziri (Italia)]] tangu mwaka 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilcentro.it/cultura-e-spettacoli/storie-incontra-il-sottosegretario-bergamotto-1.3088975|title="Storie" incontra il sottosegretario Bergamotto|work=[[il Centro]]|date=7 March 2023|language=it}}</ref> Bergamotto ni mwanasheria kitaaluma, akiwa amehitimu shahada ya sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Teramo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968||Bergamotto, Fausta}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] npx7f8xg7heugfg1bdpm5ejnlpwvo86 0 233815 1540563 2026-05-11T18:55:12Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Martin Kansichi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Biashara na Maendeleo ya Sekta Binafsi nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2005 na rais wa zamani wa [[Malawi]], Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Februari 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-mem...' 1540563 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martin Kansichi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Biashara na Maendeleo ya Sekta Binafsi nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2005 na rais wa zamani wa [[Malawi]], Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Februari 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] tapl94pog0ieo3goh4atmxsnbbjb1q7 1540599 1540563 2026-05-11T19:55:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martin Kansichi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa Malawi. Alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa zamani wa Biashara na Maendeleo ya Sekta Binafsi nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2005 na rais wa zamani wa [[Malawi]], Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Februari 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 3cobv5d4lzej1q7wpaey638qmk0335j 0 233816 1540564 2026-05-11T18:56:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paul Jeffrey Taubman''' (alizaliwa [[1961]] au [[1962]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]], na mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa benki ya uwekezaji PJT Partners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul J. Taubman |url=https://www.pjtpartners.com/who-we-are/paul-j-taubman/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=PJT Partners |language=en-US}}</ref>Alianzisha PJT Partners mwaka [[2014]]. Kufikia [[Februari 27]], [[2026]], MarketScreener ilikadiria uta...' 1540564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Jeffrey Taubman''' (alizaliwa [[1961]] au [[1962]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]], na mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa benki ya uwekezaji PJT Partners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul J. Taubman |url=https://www.pjtpartners.com/who-we-are/paul-j-taubman/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=PJT Partners |language=en-US}}</ref>Alianzisha PJT Partners mwaka [[2014]]. Kufikia [[Februari 27]], [[2026]], MarketScreener ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola milioni 865. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] 3k4i70tvy1onbgwblauyqta5tvmojpp 1540621 1540564 2026-05-11T20:53:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Jeffrey Taubman''' (alizaliwa [[1961]] au [[1962]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]], na mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa benki ya uwekezaji PJT Partners.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Paul J. Taubman |url=https://www.pjtpartners.com/who-we-are/paul-j-taubman/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=PJT Partners |language=en-US}}</ref>Alianzisha PJT Partners mwaka [[2014]]. Kufikia [[Februari 27]], [[2026]], MarketScreener ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola milioni 865. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] bnv34txt8b8eed13nuhd3sdarooo6tz 0 233817 1540565 2026-05-11T18:58:36Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rita Bernardini''' (alizaliwa 27 Desemba 1952) ni mwanaharakati na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Bernardini alikuwa katibu wa chama cha [[Radicali Italiani]] kuanzia Novemba 2013 hadi mwaka 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radicali, Bernardini eletta segretaria|url=https://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/03/italia/politica/radicali-svolta-nel-partito-bernardini-eletta-segretaria-gY6lK73PxSIbNgkgNz6iNM/pagina.html|access-date=14 April 2015|work=[[La Stampa]]|date=Novembe...' 1540565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rita Bernardini''' (alizaliwa 27 Desemba 1952) ni mwanaharakati na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Bernardini alikuwa katibu wa chama cha [[Radicali Italiani]] kuanzia Novemba 2013 hadi mwaka 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Radicali, Bernardini eletta segretaria|url=https://www.lastampa.it/2013/11/03/italia/politica/radicali-svolta-nel-partito-bernardini-eletta-segretaria-gY6lK73PxSIbNgkgNz6iNM/pagina.html|access-date=14 April 2015|work=[[La Stampa]]|date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> Awali, alishawahi kushika nafasi hiyo ya ukatibu kati ya mwaka 2006 na 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=Partito radicale|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/partito-radicale_%28Dizionario-di-Storia%29/|website=[[Treccani]]|access-date=14 April 2015}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2008|uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2008]] kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=BERNARDINI Rita - PD|url=http://nuovo.camera.it/29?shadow_deputato=302919|access-date=14 April 2015|work=[[Camera dei Deputati]]|archive-date=20 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520013347/http://nuovo.camera.it/29?shadow_deputato=302919|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bernardini anafahamika sana kwa harakati zake za kutetea haki za wafungwa na mageuzi ya mfumo wa haki nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952||Bernardini, Rita}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Roma]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] iw7w2fcxol24giqveall06vi4ot6twg 0 233818 1540566 2026-05-11T19:00:10Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lucious Grandson Kanyumba''' ni mwanasiasa aliyewahi kushika nafasi mbalimbali za uwaziri nchini [[Malawi]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo katika baraza la mawaziri la Malawi mwezi Juni 2009. Baadaye alihudumu pia kama Waziri wa [[Elimu]]. Kanyumba alizaliwa mwaka 1972. Alisoma katika Seminari ya St Kizito, Dedza, kisha akaendelea na masomo katika University of Malawi, Chancellor College. Mwaka 1995 alipata shahada ya uzamili...' 1540566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucious Grandson Kanyumba''' ni mwanasiasa aliyewahi kushika nafasi mbalimbali za uwaziri nchini [[Malawi]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo katika baraza la mawaziri la Malawi mwezi Juni 2009. Baadaye alihudumu pia kama Waziri wa [[Elimu]]. Kanyumba alizaliwa mwaka 1972. Alisoma katika Seminari ya St Kizito, Dedza, kisha akaendelea na masomo katika University of Malawi, Chancellor College. Mwaka 1995 alipata shahada ya uzamili ya Sayansi ya Mazingira na kuwa mwalimu katika shule ya sekondari ya Balaka. Mwaka 1996 aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Andiamo Youth Cooperative Trust. Mnamo Aprili 2009, Kanyumba alipata shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika [[Sayansi]] za Baiolojia. Pia anaendesha duka la vifaa vya ujenzi mjini Mangochi na anajihusisha na biashara ya mazao pamoja na usafirishaji. Kanyumba alijiunga na chama cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) mwaka 2005, akawa Gavana wa Kanda ya Mashariki mwezi Julai 2008, na mwezi Februari 2009 akateuliwa kuwa Naibu wa Pili wa Kitaifa wa Vijana katika Baraza Kuu la [[Uongozi]] la DPP. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa jimbo la Ntcheu Bwanje South tarehe 19 Mei 2009. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo katika baraza la mawaziri lililoanza kazi tarehe 15 Juni 2009. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref>Aliendelea kushikilia nafasi hiyo katika baraza la mawaziri lililotangazwa tarehe 9 Agosti 2010. Baadaye, akiwa Waziri wa Elimu, mwezi Machi 2014 alitoa uamuzi wenye utata wa kubadilisha sera ya lugha ya kufundishia katika shule za Malawi na kufanya Kiingereza kuwa lugha pekee ya kufundishia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi schools to teach in English|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/8/21/malawi-schools-to-teach-in-english|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=Lameck Masina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 5joubcdqtlizj4905zawjj4xw6aofir 1540592 1540566 2026-05-11T19:45:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucious Grandson Kanyumba''' ni mwanasiasa aliyewahi kushika nafasi mbalimbali za uwaziri nchini [[Malawi]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo katika baraza la mawaziri la Malawi mwezi Juni 2009. Baadaye alihudumu pia kama Waziri wa [[Elimu]]. Kanyumba alizaliwa mwaka 1972. Alisoma katika Seminari ya St Kizito, Dedza, kisha akaendelea na masomo katika University of Malawi, Chancellor College. Mwaka 1995 alipata shahada ya uzamili ya Sayansi ya Mazingira na kuwa mwalimu katika shule ya sekondari ya Balaka. Mwaka 1996 aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Andiamo Youth Cooperative Trust. Mnamo Aprili 2009, Kanyumba alipata shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika [[Sayansi]] za Baiolojia. Pia anaendesha duka la vifaa vya ujenzi mjini Mangochi na anajihusisha na biashara ya mazao pamoja na usafirishaji. Kanyumba alijiunga na chama cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) mwaka 2005, akawa Gavana wa Kanda ya Mashariki mwezi Julai 2008, na mwezi Februari 2009 akateuliwa kuwa Naibu wa Pili wa Kitaifa wa Vijana katika Baraza Kuu la [[Uongozi]] la DPP. Alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa jimbo la Ntcheu Bwanje South tarehe 19 Mei 2009. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo katika baraza la mawaziri lililoanza kazi tarehe 15 Juni 2009. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref>Aliendelea kushikilia nafasi hiyo katika baraza la mawaziri lililotangazwa tarehe 9 Agosti 2010. Baadaye, akiwa Waziri wa Elimu, mwezi Machi 2014 alitoa uamuzi wenye utata wa kubadilisha sera ya lugha ya kufundishia katika shule za Malawi na kufanya Kiingereza kuwa lugha pekee ya kufundishia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi schools to teach in English|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/8/21/malawi-schools-to-teach-in-english|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=Lameck Masina}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] du5fca26w88p0h6rjf332avcsh6ob5x 0 233819 1540568 2026-05-11T19:03:12Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Maria Bernini''' (alizaliwa 17 Agosti 1965) ni mwanasiasa, mwanasheria, na profesa wa chuo kikuu nchini [[Italia]]. Amechaguliwa katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] na [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia|Baraza la Seneti la Jamhuri]], na amewahi kufanya kazi kama [[Waziri wa Masuala ya Ulaya wa Italia]]. Kwa sasa, ni [[Waziri wa Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti wa Italia]] katika serikali ya Giorgia Meloni tangu Oktoba 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mur...' 1540568 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Maria Bernini''' (alizaliwa 17 Agosti 1965) ni mwanasiasa, mwanasheria, na profesa wa chuo kikuu nchini [[Italia]]. Amechaguliwa katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] na [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia|Baraza la Seneti la Jamhuri]], na amewahi kufanya kazi kama [[Waziri wa Masuala ya Ulaya wa Italia]]. Kwa sasa, ni [[Waziri wa Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti wa Italia]] katika serikali ya Giorgia Meloni tangu Oktoba 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mur.gov.it/it/ministero/ministro|title=Anna Maria Bernini - Ministro dell'Università e della Ricerca|publisher=Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Kitaaluma, Bernini ni profesa wa sheria ya umma inayolinganishwa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bologna. Katika siasa, yeye ni mwanachama mwandamizi wa chama cha [[Forza Italia]], ambapo alihudumu kama kiongozi wa kundi la chama hicho katika Baraza la Seneti kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00025558.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Anna Maria BERNINI - XVIII Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Bernini, Anna Maria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1qsne0iy7tl3320qxwj4iwcfa17rclo 0 233820 1540569 2026-05-11T19:09:33Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ornella Bertorotta''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]]. Alikuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] wakati wa bunge la kumi na saba (Legislature XVII) baada ya kuchaguliwa katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00029046.htm|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Ornella BERTOROTTA - XVII Legislatura|website=www.senat...' 1540569 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ornella Bertorotta''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]]. Alikuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] wakati wa bunge la kumi na saba (Legislature XVII) baada ya kuchaguliwa katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00029046.htm|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Ornella BERTOROTTA - XVII Legislatura|website=www.senato.it|access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> == Wasifu == Akiwa seneta, Bertorotta alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mambo ya Nje na Uhamiaji. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi katika sekta ya utalii na utawala. Alijulikana kwa msimamo wake katika masuala ya sera za kigeni na uwazi wa serikali. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967||Bertorotta, Ornella}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] di3u5ljv9rs7bav9q6jtd82rd29dgeu 1540617 1540569 2026-05-11T20:47:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540617 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ornella Bertorotta''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]]. Alikuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] wakati wa bunge la kumi na saba (Legislature XVII) baada ya kuchaguliwa katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00029046.htm|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Ornella BERTOROTTA - XVII Legislatura|website=www.senato.it|access-date=2019-12-19}}</ref> == Wasifu == Akiwa seneta, Bertorotta alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mambo ya Nje na Uhamiaji. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi katika sekta ya utalii na utawala. Alijulikana kwa msimamo wake katika masuala ya sera za kigeni na uwazi wa serikali. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967||Bertorotta, Ornella}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 08wpn8s31tc5n3aa840jqx6dg4ogdtb 0 233821 1540571 2026-05-11T19:11:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Francis Kasaila''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa Uchukuzi na [[Kazi]] za Umma nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2014 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 19 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.ht...' 1540571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis Kasaila''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa Uchukuzi na [[Kazi]] za Umma nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2014 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 19 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Malawians give Mutharika Cabinet size thumps up - The Malawi Oracle Times|date=2014-06-24|url=http://www.orakonews.com/malawians-give-mutharika-cabinet-size-thumps-up/|work=The Malawi Oracle Times|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] mgyn6anore0txx45qgdtc3j47bmyynz 1540898 1540571 2026-05-12T10:21:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francis Kasaila''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa Uchukuzi na [[Kazi]] za Umma nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2014 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 19 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Malawians give Mutharika Cabinet size thumps up - The Malawi Oracle Times|date=2014-06-24|url=http://www.orakonews.com/malawians-give-mutharika-cabinet-size-thumps-up/|work=The Malawi Oracle Times|language=en-US|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 7auiz05zdi5k24aamq2d3wf93wjfspn 0 233822 1540572 2026-05-11T19:12:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dolores Bevilacqua''' (alizaliwa 27 Agosti 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/composizione/senatori/elenco-alfabetico/scheda-attivita?did=36385|title=Dolores Bevilacqua|publisher=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bevilacqua ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S...' 1540572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dolores Bevilacqua''' (alizaliwa 27 Agosti 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/composizione/senatori/elenco-alfabetico/scheda-attivita?did=36385|title=Dolores Bevilacqua|publisher=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bevilacqua ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Kuanzia mwaka 2022 hadi 2025, alihudumu kama makamu wa rais wa kamati ya masuala ya [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] katika Baraza la Seneti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/dolores-bevilaqua-1974-08-27|title=Dolores Bevilacqua|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alijishughulisha na taaluma ya mawasiliano na uandishi wa habari. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||Bevilacqua, Dolores}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Palermo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hgqprm4cxnpde5gyqk7rt21smp8mlem 0 233823 1540575 2026-05-11T19:14:55Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lazaro Kasaila''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Kazi za Umma nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2009 na rais wa zamani wa [[Malawi]] Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 15 Juni 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as...' 1540575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lazaro Kasaila''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Kazi za Umma nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2009 na rais wa zamani wa [[Malawi]] Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 15 Juni 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 1j9efdsgpejyq3koujvvj7defp0s15e 1540590 1540575 2026-05-11T19:41:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lazaro Kasaila''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Kazi za Umma nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2009 na rais wa zamani wa [[Malawi]] Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 15 Juni 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 0fak5npbbze92vn2f8zjgu31wbgz7ym 0 233824 1540576 2026-05-11T19:16:01Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michaela Biancofiore''' (alizaliwa 28 Desemba 1970) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia|Italia.]] Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2022, na kwa sasa ni mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00019777.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Michaela BIANCOFIORE - XIX Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> ==...' 1540576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michaela Biancofiore''' (alizaliwa 28 Desemba 1970) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia|Italia.]] Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2022, na kwa sasa ni mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00019777.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Michaela BIANCOFIORE - XIX Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Bolzano]] na alianza harakati zake za kisiasa na chama cha [[Forza Italia]]. Katika serikali ya Enrico Letta (2013), aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu Mdogo (Undersecretary) katika Wizara ya Utawala wa Umma na kurahisisha sheria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/michaela-biancofiore/1083|title=Michaela Biancofiore|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Kwa sasa ni Rais wa kikundi cha bunge cha "Civici d'Italia-Noi Moderati" katika Baraza la Seneti. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970||Biancofiore, Michaela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fzkyf5t65dl6v9gfj1bpmc9124diyjn 0 233825 1540577 2026-05-11T19:19:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Davies Katsonga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa zamani wa Masuala ya [[Urais]] na Bunge nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2007 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabine...' 1540577 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Davies Katsonga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa zamani wa Masuala ya [[Urais]] na Bunge nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2007 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 3bnbkoqm72gapj0qfpstv2xxhd7y92z 1540887 1540577 2026-05-12T10:05:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Davies Katsonga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu wa [[Malawi]]. Alikuwa Waziri wa zamani wa Masuala ya [[Urais]] na Bunge nchini Malawi baada ya kuteuliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2007 na rais wa zamani wa Malawi Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 4ahqfvuxt3fssczemdj1io3bkzr6a68 0 233826 1540578 2026-05-11T19:20:00Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Bilotti''' (alizaliwa 15 Juni 1982) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Yeye ni mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kutoka jimbo la [[Campania 2 (Baraza la Wawakilishi)|Campania 2]] kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S).<ref>{{Cite web|title=XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - BILOTTI Anna|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307557&idLegislatura=18|access-date=2021-10-19|website=www.camera.it|languag...' 1540578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Bilotti''' (alizaliwa 15 Juni 1982) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Yeye ni mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kutoka jimbo la [[Campania 2 (Baraza la Wawakilishi)|Campania 2]] kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S).<ref>{{Cite web|title=XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - BILOTTI Anna|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307557&idLegislatura=18|access-date=2021-10-19|website=www.camera.it|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Kitaaluma Bilotti ni mwanasheria. Alichaguliwa bungeni kwa mara ya kwanza katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018. Katika kipindi chake bungeni, amekuwa akijihusisha zaidi na masuala ya sheria, haki, na usalama wa kijamii akihudumu katika Kamati ya Pili ya Sheria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/anna-bilotti/236173|title=Anna Bilotti|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1982||Bilotti, Anna}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rx5dlv56h8iiwluvrlltl8hnjfi8b6z 0 233827 1540581 2026-05-11T19:24:27Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paola Binetti''' (alizaliwa 29 Machi 1943) ni mwanasiasa, daktari wa magonjwa ya akili (psychiatrist), na msomi wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Binetti amekuwa na wasifu mrefu katika bunge la Italia, akihudumu kama mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] na [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia|Baraza la Seneti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00022712.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Paola BINETTI...' 1540581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paola Binetti''' (alizaliwa 29 Machi 1943) ni mwanasiasa, daktari wa magonjwa ya akili (psychiatrist), na msomi wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Binetti amekuwa na wasifu mrefu katika bunge la Italia, akihudumu kama mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] na [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia|Baraza la Seneti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00022712.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Paola BINETTI - XVIII Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Kitaaluma, amekuwa profesa wa elimu ya matibabu na mkurugenzi wa idara ya elimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Bio-Medico cha Roma. Katika siasa, alianza na chama cha [[Margherita]], kisha [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD), na baadaye kujiunga na vyama vya mrengo wa kati kama UDC. Anafahamika kwa misimamo yake inayozingatia maadili ya Kikatoliki katika masuala ya kijamii na afya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/paola-binetti/437|title=Paola Binetti|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943||Binetti, Paola}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Roma]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ad3xwp4uwfj3zvs6r9gur00yf1y92ut 0 233828 1540582 2026-05-11T19:25:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Davis Chester Katsonga''' (amezaliwa 6 Agosti 1955) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alipata nafasi ya [[Waziri]] wa Ulinzi tarehe 1 Juni 2006 wakati wa mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia mwanzoni mwa 2005 hadi Juni 2006. Kabla ya hapo pia alihudumu kama Waziri wa Maliasili kuanzia Juni 2004 hadi mapema 2005, na kabla ya hapo alikuwa Spika wa Bunge. Alikuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la Malawi, akichaguliwa kupiti...' 1540582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Davis Chester Katsonga''' (amezaliwa 6 Agosti 1955) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alipata nafasi ya [[Waziri]] wa Ulinzi tarehe 1 Juni 2006 wakati wa mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia mwanzoni mwa 2005 hadi Juni 2006. Kabla ya hapo pia alihudumu kama Waziri wa Maliasili kuanzia Juni 2004 hadi mapema 2005, na kabla ya hapo alikuwa Spika wa Bunge. Alikuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la Malawi, akichaguliwa kupitia chama cha United Democratic Front kuanzia 2004 hadi 2009. Mnamo Mei 2007, Rais Bingu wa Mutharika alimwondoa katika nafasi ya Waziri wa [[Ulinzi]] kutokana na shinikizo kutoka kwa maafisa wa Jeshi la Ulinzi la Malawi waliodai aondolewe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi - Malawi premier news source updated 24 Hours a day Nyasa Times - Malawi News - Malawi Politics|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] msbqrlx637lrzncc6x4bxqea30dics4 1540888 1540582 2026-05-12T10:05:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540888 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Davis Chester Katsonga''' (amezaliwa 6 Agosti 1955) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alipata nafasi ya [[Waziri]] wa Ulinzi tarehe 1 Juni 2006 wakati wa mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia mwanzoni mwa 2005 hadi Juni 2006. Kabla ya hapo pia alihudumu kama Waziri wa Maliasili kuanzia Juni 2004 hadi mapema 2005, na kabla ya hapo alikuwa Spika wa Bunge. Alikuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la Malawi, akichaguliwa kupitia chama cha United Democratic Front kuanzia 2004 hadi 2009. Mnamo Mei 2007, Rais Bingu wa Mutharika alimwondoa katika nafasi ya Waziri wa [[Ulinzi]] kutokana na shinikizo kutoka kwa maafisa wa Jeshi la Ulinzi la Malawi waliodai aondolewe.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi - Malawi premier news source updated 24 Hours a day Nyasa Times - Malawi News - Malawi Politics|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 3nv41zyyd23pdde02g6gbfiobjq5ctc 0 233829 1540583 2026-05-11T19:27:18Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ingrid Bisa''' (alizaliwa 12 Januari 1978) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane (Legislature XVIII).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307406&idLegislatura=18|title=BISA Ingrid - LEGA|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> ==...' 1540583 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingrid Bisa''' (alizaliwa 12 Januari 1978) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane (Legislature XVIII).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307406&idLegislatura=18|title=BISA Ingrid - LEGA|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bisa ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Alichaguliwa kuwakilisha jimbo la Veneto 1. Kitaaluma, yeye ni mwanasheria anayejishughulisha na sheria za kiraia. Katika bunge la kumi na nane, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Sheria (Justice Commission).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/ingrid-bisa/236176|title=Ingrid Bisa|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978||Bisa, Ingrid}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6k9jnb822ovd9zjh6fdpcaeiik0fsux 0 233830 1540584 2026-05-11T19:28:52Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Woobay''' (alizaliwa katika Chifu ya Taimede, Moyamba, Wilaya ya Moyamba) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Ni mtumishi wa umma mstaafu ambaye alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Michezo. Baada ya kustaafu, alikuja kuwa Mwenyekiti wa kwanza kuchaguliwa wa Baraza la Wilaya la Moyambamnamo mwaka 2004. Alichaguliwa tena katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2008 kwa kupata kura za ridhaa za asilimia 84. David Woobay ni mwanachama wa kabila la Kimende. Taasisi yenye jina lake ilianzishwa ili kuendeleza elimu ya mtoto wa kike katika Wilaya ya Moyamba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africell Sierra Leone launches in Moyamba: Sierra Leone News|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_20052573.shtml|work=news.sl|accessdate=2026-05-11|author=Sylvia Blyden}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mpuem361dhg9fgsqfha9sjhs3h2bwue 1540886 1540584 2026-05-12T10:05:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Woobay''' (alizaliwa katika Chifu ya Taimede, Moyamba, Wilaya ya Moyamba) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] na mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Ni mtumishi wa umma mstaafu ambaye alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Michezo. Baada ya kustaafu, alikuja kuwa Mwenyekiti wa kwanza kuchaguliwa wa Baraza la Wilaya la Moyambamnamo mwaka 2004. Alichaguliwa tena katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 2008 kwa kupata kura za ridhaa za asilimia 84. David Woobay ni mwanachama wa kabila la Kimende. Taasisi yenye jina lake ilianzishwa ili kuendeleza elimu ya mtoto wa kike katika Wilaya ya Moyamba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africell Sierra Leone launches in Moyamba: Sierra Leone News|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_20052573.shtml|work=news.sl|accessdate=2026-05-11|author=Sylvia Blyden}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] q2jl1mcrl3hqhamil2qre7mj9f3d6y3 0 233831 1540585 2026-05-11T19:29:19Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mark Katsonga Phiri''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] wa Malawi. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Biashara na Viwanda nchini Malawi, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi Januari 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRT World - Malawi president sacks eight ministers in cabinet reshuffle|url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/12795246|work=www.trtworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]...' 1540585 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Katsonga Phiri''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] wa Malawi. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Biashara na Viwanda nchini Malawi, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi Januari 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TRT World - Malawi president sacks eight ministers in cabinet reshuffle|url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/12795246|work=www.trtworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] beit5lup6f89bn8uza8ipedbr64u29x 1540598 1540585 2026-05-11T19:54:33Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Katsonga Phiri''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] wa Malawi. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[Waziri]] wa Biashara na Viwanda nchini Malawi, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi Januari 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=TRT World - Malawi president sacks eight ministers in cabinet reshuffle|url=https://www.trtworld.com/article/12795246|work=www.trtworld.com|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] o36mlte6kghlz40n5fptk9jgfc67e5z 0 233832 1540586 2026-05-11T19:31:14Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lorenza Bonaccorsi''' (alizaliwa 20 Julai 1968 mjini [[Roma]]) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018 kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305844&idLegislatura=17|title=BONACCORSI Lorenza - PD|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|la...' 1540586 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorenza Bonaccorsi''' (alizaliwa 20 Julai 1968 mjini [[Roma]]) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018 kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305844&idLegislatura=17|title=BONACCORSI Lorenza - PD|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Bonaccorsi pia ameshika nyadhifa mbalimbali serikalini, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa Katibu Mdogo (Undersecretary) katika Wizara ya Urithi wa Utamaduni, Shughuli na Utalii kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2021 katika serikali ya pili ya Giuseppe Conte. Mnamo mwaka 2021, alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa Manispaa ya I (Municipality I) ya mjini Roma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/lorenza-bonaccorsi/305844|title=Lorenza Bonaccorsi|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968||Bonaccorsi, Lorenza}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Roma]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dve84kzyursoel0dysnc50d6q818i07 0 233833 1540587 2026-05-11T19:33:52Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Billy Kaunda''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi ambaye kwa sasa ni [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Mzimba District. Aliingia bungeni kupitia kura ya kujitegemea katika uchaguzi wa bunge na urais wa mwaka 2009. Pia aliwahi kuhudumu katika baraza la mawaziri kama Naibu Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo chini ya serikali ya Bingu wa Mutharika. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Mbunge katika Bunge la 2004–2009 kupitia chama cha National Democratic Alli...' 1540587 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Billy Kaunda''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi ambaye kwa sasa ni [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Mzimba District. Aliingia bungeni kupitia kura ya kujitegemea katika uchaguzi wa bunge na urais wa mwaka 2009. Pia aliwahi kuhudumu katika baraza la mawaziri kama Naibu Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo chini ya serikali ya Bingu wa Mutharika. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Mbunge katika Bunge la 2004–2009 kupitia chama cha National Democratic Alliance na pia aliwahi kushika nafasi ya Naibu Waziri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland Malawi Partnership - News about the Scotland Malawi Partnership|url=http://www.scotland-malawipartnership.org/news.html?newsid=34|work=www.scotland-malawipartnership.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> Billy Kaunda ameweka rekodi ya kihistoria kwa kushinda katika majimbo mawili tofauti ya ubunge: Blantyre (2004–2009) na Mzimba (2009–2014). Pia ni miongoni mwa watu waliochukua nafasi ya Naibu Waziri wakiwa na umri mdogo zaidi. Mbali na [[siasa]], ni [[mwanamuziki]] aliyefundishwa na marehemu Lucius Banda kutoka Balaka. Alipata tuzo ya Mwanamuziki wa Mwaka (Musician of the Year) katika programu ya Entertainers of the Year mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Katika muziki wake amekuwa akizungumzia maisha ya watu wa kawaida kupitia nyimbo kama ''“Mwapindulanji”'', ''“Kumidima”'', ''“Agalatia”'' na ''“Lupanga”'' miongoni mwa nyingine nyingi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://mwnation.com/|work=Nation Online|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] oniuel330rprdqrnp621xuk5m6ug6ka 1540588 1540587 2026-05-11T19:34:12Z Don Malya 61486 1540588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Billy Kaunda''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi ambaye kwa sasa ni [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Mzimba District. Aliingia bungeni kupitia kura ya kujitegemea katika uchaguzi wa bunge na urais wa mwaka 2009. Pia aliwahi kuhudumu katika baraza la mawaziri kama Naibu Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Michezo chini ya serikali ya Bingu wa Mutharika. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Mbunge katika Bunge la 2004–2009 kupitia chama cha National Democratic Alliance na pia aliwahi kushika nafasi ya Naibu Waziri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland Malawi Partnership - News about the Scotland Malawi Partnership|url=http://www.scotland-malawipartnership.org/news.html?newsid=34|work=www.scotland-malawipartnership.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> Billy Kaunda ameweka rekodi ya kihistoria kwa kushinda katika majimbo mawili tofauti ya ubunge: Blantyre (2004–2009) na Mzimba (2009–2014). Pia ni miongoni mwa watu waliochukua nafasi ya Naibu Waziri wakiwa na umri mdogo zaidi. Mbali na [[siasa]], ni [[mwanamuziki]] aliyefundishwa na [[marehemu]] Lucius Banda kutoka Balaka. Alipata tuzo ya Mwanamuziki wa Mwaka (Musician of the Year) katika programu ya Entertainers of the Year mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Katika muziki wake amekuwa akizungumzia maisha ya watu wa kawaida kupitia nyimbo kama ''“Mwapindulanji”'', ''“Kumidima”'', ''“Agalatia”'' na ''“Lupanga”'' miongoni mwa nyingine nyingi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://mwnation.com/|work=Nation Online|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] c0557kavzjo0put06z86wah9pfmcs5t 0 233834 1540589 2026-05-11T19:36:28Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540589 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Vandy''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Revolutionary United Front (RUF) na aligombea pamoja na Pallo Bangura katika uchaguzi wa Rais wa mwaka 2002. Ni mstaafu wa nafasi ya Waziri wa Ardhi na Mazingira na alizuiliwa pamoja na mawaziri wengine wa serikali, Pallo Bangura na Mike Lamin, miongoni mwa wengine mnamo mwaka 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News {{!}} Africa {{!}} Sierra Leone rebels get cabinet posts|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/481434.stm|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] dxlwxq7upgell38muot04rm25or03fm 1540623 1540589 2026-05-11T20:54:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540623 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Vandy''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Revolutionary United Front (RUF) na aligombea pamoja na Pallo Bangura katika uchaguzi wa Rais wa mwaka 2002. Ni mstaafu wa nafasi ya Waziri wa Ardhi na Mazingira na alizuiliwa pamoja na mawaziri wengine wa serikali, Pallo Bangura na Mike Lamin, miongoni mwa wengine mnamo mwaka 2000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BBC News {{!}} Africa {{!}} Sierra Leone rebels get cabinet posts|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/481434.stm|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 8k5ih9nof3oy6w2oqxw0yxzzytmi1q6 0 233835 1540591 2026-05-11T19:44:52Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew Turay''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Aligombea katika uchaguzi wa rais wa mwaka 1996 kupitia chama cha National People's Party (NPP). Alipata asilimia 0.5 ya kura (jumla ya kura 3,925).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Strengthening clinical trial monitoring expertise in West Africa: Andrew Sherriff Turay’s story – Wanetam|url=https://wanetam.net/strengthening-clinical-trial-monitoring-expertise-in-west-africa-andrew-sherriff-turays-story/|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5pyoz2ib58pwklsx623x9h4huhv26xh 0 233836 1540595 2026-05-11T19:48:39Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Symon Vuwa Kaunda''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi na Waziri wa zamani wa Mazingira, Utalii na Wanyamapori katika Jamhuri ya Malawi. Amewahi kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Nkhata-Bay Central. == Maisha == Kaunda amehudumu katika Serikali ya chama tawala cha Democratic Progressive Party kama [[Waziri]] wa Ardhi, Makazi na Maendeleo ya Miji. Wakati Mary Navicha alipokuwa mgeni rasmi katika Tamasha la Utamaduni la Tonga mwezi Agosti 2019 katika wilaya ya Nkhata Ba...' 1540595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Symon Vuwa Kaunda''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi na Waziri wa zamani wa Mazingira, Utalii na Wanyamapori katika Jamhuri ya Malawi. Amewahi kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Nkhata-Bay Central. == Maisha == Kaunda amehudumu katika Serikali ya chama tawala cha Democratic Progressive Party kama [[Waziri]] wa Ardhi, Makazi na Maendeleo ya Miji. Wakati Mary Navicha alipokuwa mgeni rasmi katika Tamasha la Utamaduni la Tonga mwezi Agosti 2019 katika wilaya ya Nkhata Bay, alikuwa pamoja na Naibu Waziri wa Serikali za Mitaa Easter Majaza. Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Ustawi, Waziri wa Habari na Elimu ya Uraia, na Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani katika Jamhuri ya Malawi. Alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Bunge]] la Afrika (Pan-African Parliament) <ref>{{Cite web|title=MALAWI CABINET|url=http://www.malawihighcommission.co.uk/index.php/malawi-cabinet|work=www.malawihighcommission.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-gb|author=Online Editor}}</ref>kutoka Malawi na pia mwanachama wa Bunge la Taifa la Malawi akiwa sehemu ya chama tawala cha Democratic Progressive Party. Kaunda alishikilia nyadhifa mbalimbali za uwaziri katika serikali ya zamani iliyoongozwa na DPP.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vuwa Kaunda says he is still a loyal DPP member amidst romours of joining MCP - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/vuwa-kaunda-says-he-is-still-a-loyal-dpp-member-amidst-romours-of-joining-mcp/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2024-03-13|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=NyasaAuthor1}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2024, alikuwa Mbunge wa sasa wa DPP wa Jimbo la Nkhata-Bay Central. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] fanwvrywjo1dmhy34mxtsrqwhz4lpzo 1540636 1540595 2026-05-11T21:13:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540636 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Symon Vuwa Kaunda''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi na Waziri wa zamani wa Mazingira, Utalii na Wanyamapori katika Jamhuri ya Malawi. Amewahi kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Nkhata-Bay Central. == Maisha == Kaunda amehudumu katika Serikali ya chama tawala cha Democratic Progressive Party kama [[Waziri]] wa Ardhi, Makazi na Maendeleo ya Miji. Wakati Mary Navicha alipokuwa mgeni rasmi katika Tamasha la Utamaduni la Tonga mwezi Agosti 2019 katika wilaya ya Nkhata Bay, alikuwa pamoja na Naibu Waziri wa Serikali za Mitaa Easter Majaza. Pia aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Maendeleo ya Vijana na Ustawi, Waziri wa Habari na Elimu ya Uraia, na Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani katika Jamhuri ya Malawi. Alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Bunge]] la Afrika (Pan-African Parliament) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MALAWI CABINET|url=http://www.malawihighcommission.co.uk/index.php/malawi-cabinet|work=www.malawihighcommission.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-gb|author=Online Editor}}</ref>kutoka Malawi na pia mwanachama wa Bunge la Taifa la Malawi akiwa sehemu ya chama tawala cha Democratic Progressive Party. Kaunda alishikilia nyadhifa mbalimbali za uwaziri katika serikali ya zamani iliyoongozwa na DPP.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Vuwa Kaunda says he is still a loyal DPP member amidst romours of joining MCP - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/vuwa-kaunda-says-he-is-still-a-loyal-dpp-member-amidst-romours-of-joining-mcp/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2024-03-13|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=NyasaAuthor1}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2024, alikuwa Mbunge wa sasa wa DPP wa Jimbo la Nkhata-Bay Central. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] bmld11ey9sv3hkriyv65b9rnskxgsz2 0 233837 1540596 2026-05-11T19:51:39Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nabeela Farida Tunis''' (jina la kuzaliwa Koroma) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa nchi hiyo kuanzia Mei 2019 hadi Oktoba 2021, na ni Waziri wa Utalii tangu Oktoba 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone parliament approves another group of president Bio’s ministers|url=https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/sierra-leone-parliament-approves-another-group-of-president-bios-ministers/|work=The Sierra Leone Telegraph|date=2018-05-08|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Abdul Rashid Thomas}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] b7t9n29flofubezkwuh1in8fxmcdmc3 1540610 1540596 2026-05-11T20:37:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540610 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nabeela Farida Tunis''' (jina la kuzaliwa Koroma) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa nchi hiyo kuanzia Mei 2019 hadi Oktoba 2021, na ni Waziri wa Utalii tangu Oktoba 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone parliament approves another group of president Bio’s ministers|url=https://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/sierra-leone-parliament-approves-another-group-of-president-bios-ministers/|work=The Sierra Leone Telegraph|date=2018-05-08|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Abdul Rashid Thomas}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] iigwtub32qx5vhcvd3phpfpdz3wmtpi 0 233838 1540597 2026-05-11T19:53:36Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vuwa Symon Kaund'''a ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Habari na [[Elimu]] ya Uraia nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2010 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 9 Agosti 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Application 013/2021 &#8211; Symon Vuwa Kaunda and 5 others v. Republic of Malawi|url=https://www.african-court.org/afchpr/application-013-2021-symon-...' 1540597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vuwa Symon Kaund'''a ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Habari na [[Elimu]] ya Uraia nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2010 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 9 Agosti 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Application 013/2021 &#8211; Symon Vuwa Kaunda and 5 others v. Republic of Malawi|url=https://www.african-court.org/afchpr/application-013-2021-symon-vuwa-kaunda-and-5-others-v-republic-of-malawi/|work=African Court on Human and Peoples&#039; Rights|date=2021-05-05|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Antoinette Mutuku}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] mgia3e7btyd399kbvizvg8ehcz4bcgc 1540650 1540597 2026-05-11T21:38:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vuwa Symon Kaund'''a ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Habari na [[Elimu]] ya Uraia nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2010 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 9 Agosti 2010.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Application 013/2021 &#8211; Symon Vuwa Kaunda and 5 others v. Republic of Malawi|url=https://www.african-court.org/afchpr/application-013-2021-symon-vuwa-kaunda-and-5-others-v-republic-of-malawi/|work=African Court on Human and Peoples&#039; Rights|date=2021-05-05|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Antoinette Mutuku}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] hut5befxvkwdr4g7vbz3bd6e68sxlzd 0 233839 1540600 2026-05-11T19:58:36Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hindolo Sumanguru Trye''' (alifariki tarehe 26 Julai 2012) alikuwa [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone kupitia chama cha All People's Congress (APC). Kabla ya kifo chake, alikuwa Waziri wa Utalii na Masuala ya Utamaduni wa [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Revolutionary student activist turned statesman, Hindolo Trye dies in Sierra Leone|url=https://www.switsalone.com/16228_revolutionary-student-activist-turned-statesman-hindolo-trye-dies-in-sierra-leone/|work=SwitSalone|date=2012-07-26|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Vickie Remoe}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] angnsesh1qg8j1hyk2wr2r5uldjimp7 1540913 1540600 2026-05-12T10:35:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hindolo Sumanguru Trye''' (alifariki tarehe 26 Julai 2012) alikuwa [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone kupitia chama cha All People's Congress (APC). Kabla ya kifo chake, alikuwa Waziri wa Utalii na Masuala ya Utamaduni wa [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Revolutionary student activist turned statesman, Hindolo Trye dies in Sierra Leone|url=https://www.switsalone.com/16228_revolutionary-student-activist-turned-statesman-hindolo-trye-dies-in-sierra-leone/|work=SwitSalone|date=2012-07-26|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Vickie Remoe}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2012]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] tpfs0vpooz0l15xsghotn2hgwbwh08b 0 233840 1540601 2026-05-11T20:00:51Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Madalitso Kazombo''' (31 Mei 1979 – 8 Januari 2026) alikuwa mhasibu na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2015 katika Jimbo la Kasungu East. Alirejea kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2019 na akahudumu kama Naibu Spika. == Maisha na kazi == Kazombo alizaliwa mwaka 1979 na alisoma katika Kamuzu Academy. Baadaye alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Malawi]] baada ya kusomea [[sayansi]] ya jamii. Kisha alisoma katika Chuo cha Uhasibu cha...' 1540601 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madalitso Kazombo''' (31 Mei 1979 – 8 Januari 2026) alikuwa mhasibu na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2015 katika Jimbo la Kasungu East. Alirejea kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2019 na akahudumu kama Naibu Spika. == Maisha na kazi == Kazombo alizaliwa mwaka 1979 na alisoma katika Kamuzu Academy. Baadaye alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Malawi]] baada ya kusomea [[sayansi]] ya jamii. Kisha alisoma katika Chuo cha Uhasibu cha Malawi (Malawi College of Accountancy) na akawa mhasibu mwenye cheti cha kitaaluma mwaka 2009. Alipata mafunzo ya uhasibu na baadaye akawa mkaguzi wa ndani (internal auditor). Mwaka 2015 alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Kasungu East. Alirejea kuchaguliwa mwaka 2019 na baadaye akahudumu kama Naibu Spika wa kwanza wa Bunge la Taifa, akiwakilisha Chama cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Aliendelea kuwa Mbunge na Naibu Spika hadi mwaka 2025. Kazombo alifariki [[dunia]] tarehe 8 Januari 2026 baada ya kupata shambulio la pumu (asthma attack).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi Mourns Former Deputy Speaker Madalitso Kazombo - PAN AFRICAN VISIONS|url=https://panafricanvisions.com/2026/01/malawi-mourns-former-deputy-speaker-madalitso-kazombo/|date=2026-01-08|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nation Mourns Madalitso Kazombo: A Gentle Giant Silenced Too Soon - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/nation-mourns-madalitso-kazombo-a-gentle-giant-silenced-too-soon/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2026-01-09|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=NyasaAuthor1}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] cefmqrchacrl2klc8pb9p7hts9un4id 1540949 1540601 2026-05-12T11:31:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540949 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madalitso Kazombo''' (31 Mei 1979 – 8 Januari 2026) alikuwa mhasibu na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Malawi. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2015 katika Jimbo la Kasungu East. Alirejea kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2019 na akahudumu kama Naibu Spika. == Maisha na kazi == Kazombo alizaliwa mwaka 1979 na alisoma katika Kamuzu Academy. Baadaye alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Malawi]] baada ya kusomea [[sayansi]] ya jamii. Kisha alisoma katika Chuo cha Uhasibu cha Malawi (Malawi College of Accountancy) na akawa mhasibu mwenye cheti cha kitaaluma mwaka 2009. Alipata mafunzo ya uhasibu na baadaye akawa mkaguzi wa ndani (internal auditor). Mwaka 2015 alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Kasungu East. Alirejea kuchaguliwa mwaka 2019 na baadaye akahudumu kama Naibu Spika wa kwanza wa Bunge la Taifa, akiwakilisha Chama cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Aliendelea kuwa Mbunge na Naibu Spika hadi mwaka 2025. Kazombo alifariki [[dunia]] tarehe 8 Januari 2026 baada ya kupata shambulio la pumu (asthma attack).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi Mourns Former Deputy Speaker Madalitso Kazombo - PAN AFRICAN VISIONS|url=https://panafricanvisions.com/2026/01/malawi-mourns-former-deputy-speaker-madalitso-kazombo/|date=2026-01-08|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nation Mourns Madalitso Kazombo: A Gentle Giant Silenced Too Soon - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/nation-mourns-madalitso-kazombo-a-gentle-giant-silenced-too-soon/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2026-01-09|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=NyasaAuthor1}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] nwgvxxvatniq8wzzk30xx899vlybvov 0 233841 1540602 2026-05-11T20:05:39Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Segepoh Solomon Thomas''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Amekuwa akihudumu kama Spika wa Bunge la Sierra Leone tangu mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newly Elected Speaker of Parliament Expresses Gratitude & Reaffirms Commitment to Serve Diligently {{!}} The Calabash Newspaper|url=https://thecalabashnewspaper.com/newly-elected-speaker-of-parliament-expresses-gratitude-reaffirms-commitment-to-serve-diligently/|date=2024-05-06|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=The Calabash Newspaper}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 9dyfcgt3vy1w4gs5y9q14h8dzi0tjo5 1540632 1540602 2026-05-11T21:09:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540632 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Segepoh Solomon Thomas''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Amekuwa akihudumu kama Spika wa Bunge la Sierra Leone tangu mwaka 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Newly Elected Speaker of Parliament Expresses Gratitude & Reaffirms Commitment to Serve Diligently {{!}} The Calabash Newspaper|url=https://thecalabashnewspaper.com/newly-elected-speaker-of-parliament-expresses-gratitude-reaffirms-commitment-to-serve-diligently/|date=2024-05-06|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=The Calabash Newspaper}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 096mn2zamonp4ubsu4ezpauf9phbxk7 0 233842 1540603 2026-05-11T20:06:57Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bob Khamisa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Madini, Maliasili na Mazingira na pia Waziri wa Ulinzi nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2004 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bakili Muluzi. Muhula wake ulianza mwezi Juni 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|acces...' 1540603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bob Khamisa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Madini, Maliasili na Mazingira na pia Waziri wa Ulinzi nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2004 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bakili Muluzi. Muhula wake ulianza mwezi Juni 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Office of The President and Cabinet-cabinet Appointments|url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw:80/CabinetAppointments.htm|work=www.malawi.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] pwqagzme6nmi24c0rewlyguulnjydla 0 233843 1540606 2026-05-11T20:12:08Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Banja Tejan-Sie''' GCMG (7 Agosti 1917 – 8 Agosti 2000) alikuwa Gavana Mkuu wa [[Sierra Leone]] na mmoja wa "waasisi" wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Alipewa heshima ya kishujaa (knighted) na Malkia kupitia nishani tukufu ya ''The Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George''(GCMG). Tejan-Sie alizaliwa katika Wilaya ya Moyamba (katika Mkoa wa sasa wa Kusini) na baba aliyekuwa kiongozi maarufu wa dini ya Kiislamu na mwanazuoni kutoka kabila la Wafula (Fulah). Tejan-Sie alisoma katika Shule ya Bo na Shule ya Prince of Wales kabla ya kuendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo cha London School of Economics na Lincoln's Inn, ambapo alihitimu na kuanza rasmi kazi ya uwakili mnamo mwaka 1951.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Abdulai Conteh Comments on Controversial Speaker Issue|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2013-11-22|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] gin73fsqzj94oq4ik2ppqbkktzhx5uy 0 233844 1540607 2026-05-11T20:18:04Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sulaiman Tejan-Jalloh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na balozi wa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 1997, chini ya serikali ya uhamishoni ya Rais Ahmed Tejan Kabbah wakati wa Vita vya Katiba vya Sierra Leone, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Mawasiliano. Kuanzia tarehe 9 Aprili, 2000 hadi mwaka 2003, Tejan-Jalloh alikuwa Balozi Mdogo (High Commissioner)wa Sierra Leone nchini Uingereza. Mnamo tarehe 13 Novemba, 2006, aliteuliwa kuwa balozi mjini Washington, D.C. ambapo aliidhinishwa rasmi tarehe 8 Desemba, 2006. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] ovqfpxmzjrcvdmd7df9ma9x261j0a8a 0 233845 1540608 2026-05-11T20:34:28Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abel Nathaniel Bankole Stronge''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alikuwa Spika wa Bunge la Sierra Leone kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi Novemba 2013. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama tawala cha All People's Congress (APC) na anawakilisha Wilaya ya Mjini ya Western Area. Bankole Stronge alimrithi Edmund Cowan wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party katika nafasi ya Spika wa Bunge baada ya uchaguzi wa Rais na Wabunge wa Sierra Leone wa mwaka 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Politico SL News » Drama in Parliament as Sierra Leone gets new Speaker|url=http://politicosl.com/2014/01/drama-as-sierra-leone-gets-new-house-speaker/|work=politicosl.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Abdulai Conteh Comments on Controversial Speaker Issue|url=https://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2013-11-22|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d0yxil3nezg6pq0ftozmhibee98wrbw 0 233846 1540609 2026-05-11T20:35:57Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Overstone Kondowe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP) ambaye amekuwa [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Nkhotakota North East tangu mwaka 2021. Yeye ni Mbunge wa kwanza nchini Malawi mwenye ualbino. Pia aliwahi kuwa Mshauri wa Rais kuhusu Masuala ya Watu wenye Ulemavu.<ref>{{Citation|last=Pensulo|first=Charles|title=Malawian campaigner makes history as country’s first elected MP with albinism|date=2021-11-09|url=https://www.theguardian.c...' 1540609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Overstone Kondowe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP) ambaye amekuwa [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Nkhotakota North East tangu mwaka 2021. Yeye ni Mbunge wa kwanza nchini Malawi mwenye ualbino. Pia aliwahi kuwa Mshauri wa Rais kuhusu Masuala ya Watu wenye Ulemavu.<ref>{{Citation|last=Pensulo|first=Charles|title=Malawian campaigner makes history as country’s first elected MP with albinism|date=2021-11-09|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/nov/09/overstone-kondowe-election-malawian-mp-albinism|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Kondowe alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la [[Taifa]] kupitia uchaguzi mdogo uliofanyika kufuatia kifo cha Mbunge wa awali wa jimbo hilo, Martha Chanjo Lunji wa Chama cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Presidential advisor Kondowe joins parliamentary race in Nkhotakota North East|url=https://malawi24.com/2021/09/02/presidential-advisor-kondowe-joins-parliamentary-race-in-nkhotakota-north-east/|work=Malawi24|date=2021-09-02|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Martha Chikoti}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] h5eckls2rfaeu4qzbdc7sra0aled1rf 1540619 1540609 2026-05-11T20:49:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540619 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Overstone Kondowe''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP) ambaye amekuwa [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Nkhotakota North East tangu mwaka 2021. Yeye ni Mbunge wa kwanza nchini Malawi mwenye ualbino. Pia aliwahi kuwa Mshauri wa Rais kuhusu Masuala ya Watu wenye Ulemavu.<ref>{{Citation|last=Pensulo|first=Charles|title=Malawian campaigner makes history as country’s first elected MP with albinism|date=2021-11-09|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2021/nov/09/overstone-kondowe-election-malawian-mp-albinism|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Kondowe alichaguliwa kuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la [[Taifa]] kupitia uchaguzi mdogo uliofanyika kufuatia kifo cha Mbunge wa awali wa jimbo hilo, Martha Chanjo Lunji wa Chama cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Presidential advisor Kondowe joins parliamentary race in Nkhotakota North East|url=https://malawi24.com/2021/09/02/presidential-advisor-kondowe-joins-parliamentary-race-in-nkhotakota-north-east/|work=Malawi24|date=2021-09-02|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Martha Chikoti}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] hjyzqugpeow99hzazz1dfj4j56wermw 0 233847 1540613 2026-05-11T20:39:18Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540613 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jengo Stevens''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Yeye ni mwana wa Siaka Stevens, aliyekuwa Rais wa Sierra Leone kuanzia mwaka 1971 hadi 1985, na alikuwa Mbunge akiwakilisha Wilaya ya Kambia. Ni mwanachama wa chama tawala cha All People's Congress (APC). == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] o56t9yf7kibjnj2phc7xobq7ccxp2zu 0 233848 1540614 2026-05-11T20:39:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peter Kumpalume''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Afya wa Malawi, baada ya kuteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 11 Januari 2013 na aliyekuwa [[Rais]] wa Malawi, Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza rasmi tarehe 19 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bi...' 1540614 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Kumpalume''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Afya wa Malawi, baada ya kuteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 11 Januari 2013 na aliyekuwa [[Rais]] wa Malawi, Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza rasmi tarehe 19 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=How Malawi reduced its HIV/Aids infection rate|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2016/7/19/how-malawi-reduced-its-hiv-aids-infection|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=Azad Essa}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] lon522szo9wvvwhuppr1mutda314trx 1540622 1540614 2026-05-11T20:54:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Kumpalume''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Afya wa Malawi, baada ya kuteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 11 Januari 2013 na aliyekuwa [[Rais]] wa Malawi, Peter Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza rasmi tarehe 19 Juni 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Malawi’s 43 member cabinet list as unveiled by President Mutharika {{!}} Malawi news|url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/politics/43-member-full-cabinet-list-as-unveiled-by-bingu.html|work=www.nyasatimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Malawi reduced its HIV/Aids infection rate|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2016/7/19/how-malawi-reduced-its-hiv-aids-infection|work=Al Jazeera|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en|author=Azad Essa}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 2h2z1o6ba8wr35n00vge4f1et7l6g5t 0 233849 1540615 2026-05-11T20:45:16Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540615 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alhaji A. B. Sheriff''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Koinadugu, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] fsddycv1i2klihb2q9d8meecwebg6y0 0 233850 1540616 2026-05-11T20:46:44Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Annie Lemani''' anayejulikana pia kama Annie Lemani Singani Anambewe au kwa kifupi Anambewe alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] kutoka Malawi. Alikuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Zomba Thondwe na pia Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani na Usalama wa Umma kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi President reshuffles his cabinet|url=http://vincekumwenda.blogspot.com/2010/08/malawi-president-reshuffles-his-cabinet.html|work=kristungati|date=2010-08-09...' 1540616 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annie Lemani''' anayejulikana pia kama Annie Lemani Singani Anambewe au kwa kifupi Anambewe alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwalimu]] kutoka Malawi. Alikuwa Mbunge wa Jimbo la Zomba Thondwe na pia Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani na Usalama wa Umma kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Malawi President reshuffles his cabinet|url=http://vincekumwenda.blogspot.com/2010/08/malawi-president-reshuffles-his-cabinet.html|work=kristungati|date=2010-08-09|accessdate=2026-05-11|author=Vincent Kumwenda}}</ref> == Maisha == Lemani alizaliwa mwaka 1946. Kaka yake alikuwa Mchungaji Finlay Dumbo Lemani, ambaye pia aliwahi kuwa Mbunge wa Zomba Thondwe mwaka 2004.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bakili Muluzi mourns ex-Zomba Thondwe MP ‘Anambewe’ Lemani - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/bakili-muluzi-mourns-ex-zomba-thondwe-mp-anambewe-lemani/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2017-01-18|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa [[Mbunge]] katika uchaguzi wa Mei 2009 kuwakilisha Jimbo la Zomba Thondwe. Mwaka 2010 aliteuliwa na Rais wa wakati huo wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika, kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani na Usalama wa Umma. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 9 Agosti 2010. Mwaka 2011, Rais alivunja Baraza lake lote la Mawaziri lenye wajumbe 42, na hivyo kuathiri nafasi yake ya uwaziri. Annie Lemani alifariki mwaka 2017 katika [[Hospitali]] ya Queen Elizabeth, akimzidi kaka yake Finlay Lemani ambaye alikuwa pia ameshika nyadhifa za kisiasa nchini [[Malawi]]. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] gonmv9ow9kj8ujxgkinayxps9wa4zkz 0 233851 1540620 2026-05-11T20:51:14Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540620 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moses Sesay''' alikuwa meya wa Jiji la Makeni katika wilaya ya Bombali, Kaskazini mwa [[Sierra Leone]]. Sesay ni mtoto wa sita kati ya watoto kumi na mmoja waliozaliwa na Edward Sallu Sesay na 'Tha' Kadiatu Sesay, ambao kwa sasa ni wakazi wa Barabara Kuu ya Azzolini, Njia Panda ya Magbente; katika viunga vya Jiji la Makeni. Sesay alichaguliwa katika uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa uliomalizika hivi karibuni mnamo tarehe 5 Julai 2008. Makabidhiano rasmi kutoka kwa Meya anayemaliza muda wake, Alhaji Andrew Kanu, yalifanyika mapema mwezi Agosti baada ya kuapishwa rasmi kwa madiwani wote waliochaguliwa, wenyeviti, na meya wa Kanda hiyo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=China Donates to Makeni Council {{!}} Sierra Express Media|url=http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/6893|work=www.sierraexpressmedia.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] qd01kknsw6at74bd4e6wtktn02xu6ud 1540957 1540620 2026-05-12T11:57:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moses Sesay''' alikuwa meya wa Jiji la Makeni katika wilaya ya Bombali, Kaskazini mwa [[Sierra Leone]]. Sesay ni mtoto wa sita kati ya watoto kumi na mmoja waliozaliwa na Edward Sallu Sesay na 'Tha' Kadiatu Sesay, ambao kwa sasa ni wakazi wa Barabara Kuu ya Azzolini, Njia Panda ya Magbente; katika viunga vya Jiji la Makeni. Sesay alichaguliwa katika uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa uliomalizika hivi karibuni mnamo tarehe 5 Julai 2008. Makabidhiano rasmi kutoka kwa Meya anayemaliza muda wake, Alhaji Andrew Kanu, yalifanyika mapema mwezi Agosti baada ya kuapishwa rasmi kwa madiwani wote waliochaguliwa, wenyeviti, na meya wa Kanda hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=China Donates to Makeni Council {{!}} Sierra Express Media|url=http://www.sierraexpressmedia.com/archives/6893|work=www.sierraexpressmedia.com|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] cweuq14mxs6f2isdgonon07wjgozx51 0 233852 1540624 2026-05-11T20:56:57Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540624 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibrahim Kemoh Sesay''' (au Sessay, alizaliwa tarehe 24 Agosti 1960 mjini Port Loko) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama tawala cha All People's Congress (APC). Ni aliyekuwa Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Anga wa Sierra Leone na mjumbe wa Bunge la Afrika (Pan-African Parliament).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf|work=www.africa-union.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] prd8yuhdfvr4p259atjtqgb9ltfqjkb 1540939 1540624 2026-05-12T10:58:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibrahim Kemoh Sesay''' (au Sessay, alizaliwa tarehe 24 Agosti 1960 mjini Port Loko) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama tawala cha All People's Congress (APC). Ni aliyekuwa Waziri wa Uchukuzi na Anga wa Sierra Leone na mjumbe wa Bunge la Afrika (Pan-African Parliament).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf|work=www.africa-union.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tk8pr3dxofvkfrty9kw0ym6cep0rshm 0 233853 1540626 2026-05-11T21:01:17Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540626 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdul Franklyn Serry-Kamal''' (10 Aprili 1944 – 18 Januari 2014) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa muda mrefu wa chama cha kisiasa cha All People's Congress(APC). Mwenyeji wa Wilaya ya Bombali kaskazini mwa Sierra Leone, Serry-Kamal alihudumu kama mbunge aliyechaguliwa katika Bunge la Sierra Leone akitokea wilaya yake ya nyumbani ya Bombali kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 1997 kupitia chama cha APC. Mnamo mwaka 2007, aliteuliwa na Rais wa Sierra Leone, Ernest Bai Koroma, kuwa Waziri wa Sheria na Mwanasheria Mkuu. Alihudumu katika nafasi hiyo mpaka alipoondolewa madarakani mwaka 2010. Serry-Kamal alifariki dunia tarehe 18 Januari 2014, katika Hospitali ya Johns Hopkins jimboni Maryland, nchini Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=As his mortal remains flies in on February 9… APC to Bury Serry-Kamal on February 16 in Makeni: Sierra Leone News|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_200524670.shtml|work=news.sl|accessdate=2026-05-11|author=Sylvia Blyden}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassadors console grieving Serry- Kamal family {{!}} COCORIOKO|url=http://www.cocorioko.net/?p=53920|work=www.cocorioko.net|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 2cm7yoy1zna5estz5m3bzx94qznjcz2 0 233854 1540627 2026-05-11T21:04:51Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540627 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jusu Q. B. Sawi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha upinzani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) ambaye, kufikia mwaka 2007, alikuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Sierra Leone akiwakilisha Wilaya ya Kailahun. Sawi aligombea kiti cha bunge kwa mara ya kwanza katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2002, ambapo alishinda kwa kura nyingi. Alichaguliwa tena katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2007, ingawa chama cha SLPP kilipoteza idadi kubwa ya viti bungeni kwa chama cha upinzani cha wakati huo, All People's Congress (APC). Jusu Sawi ni mwanachama wa kabila la Wamende kutoka Wilaya ya Kailahun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SLPP MPs - Sierra Leone Peoples Party|url=http://slpp.ws/browse.asp?page=426|work=slpp.ws|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] kgl3ev8vbr47vakan69apvt1l6fb2go 1540934 1540627 2026-05-12T10:52:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jusu Q. B. Sawi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha upinzani cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) ambaye, kufikia mwaka 2007, alikuwa mbunge katika Bunge la Sierra Leone akiwakilisha Wilaya ya Kailahun. Sawi aligombea kiti cha bunge kwa mara ya kwanza katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2002, ambapo alishinda kwa kura nyingi. Alichaguliwa tena katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2007, ingawa chama cha SLPP kilipoteza idadi kubwa ya viti bungeni kwa chama cha upinzani cha wakati huo, All People's Congress (APC). Jusu Sawi ni mwanachama wa kabila la Wamende kutoka Wilaya ya Kailahun.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=SLPP MPs - Sierra Leone Peoples Party|url=http://slpp.ws/browse.asp?page=426|work=slpp.ws|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] fhustjlrx00hfe5bhzq43tvjs4ff311 0 233855 1540630 2026-05-11T21:08:47Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jack Crawford Taylor''' ([[Aprili 14]], [[1922]] – [[Julai 2]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company.<ref name="magazine.wustl.edu">{{Cite web |url=http://magazine.wustl.edu/Summer03/mywashington.html |title=''Washington'' 2003, A Man on a Mission |access-date=December 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801183837/http://magazine.wustl.edu/Sum...' 1540630 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Crawford Taylor''' ([[Aprili 14]], [[1922]] – [[Julai 2]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company.<ref name="magazine.wustl.edu">{{Cite web |url=http://magazine.wustl.edu/Summer03/mywashington.html |title=''Washington'' 2003, A Man on a Mission |access-date=December 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801183837/http://magazine.wustl.edu/Summer03/mywashington.html |archive-date=August 1, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=UnivMoStLouisHist>[http://mohistory.umsl.edu/PDF/TAYLOR-Student.pdf University of Missouri: Missouri History – Jack C. Taylor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213128/http://mohistory.umsl.edu/PDF/TAYLOR-Student.pdf |date=March 3, 2016 }}. Retrieved March 30, 2013</ref>Taylor pia alikuwa rubani wa kivita katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jack C. Taylor: Navy fighter pilot turned Enterprise Rent-A-Car founder |url=https://www.historynet.com/jack-c-taylor-enterprise-rent-a-car/ |website=HistoryNet |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Baada ya vita, alifanya kazi kama muuzaji wa magari katika jiji la [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. Alianza Enterprise mwaka 1957 katika gereji, na kukua kuwa kampuni kubwa zaidi ya kukodisha magari nchini Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enterprise Rent-A-Car founder Jack Taylor dies at 94 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/enterprise-rent-a-car-founder-jack-taylor-dies-at-94-1.3664209 |website=CBC News |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] n7qq246n33jjd7xbsco7cwhmln4vl4f 1540921 1540630 2026-05-12T10:42:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jack Crawford Taylor''' ([[Aprili 14]], [[1922]] – [[Julai 2]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] na bilionea nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alianzisha kampuni ya Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company.<ref name="magazine.wustl.edu">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://magazine.wustl.edu/Summer03/mywashington.html |title=''Washington'' 2003, A Man on a Mission |access-date=December 11, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801183837/http://magazine.wustl.edu/Summer03/mywashington.html |archive-date=August 1, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=UnivMoStLouisHist>[http://mohistory.umsl.edu/PDF/TAYLOR-Student.pdf University of Missouri: Missouri History – Jack C. Taylor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213128/http://mohistory.umsl.edu/PDF/TAYLOR-Student.pdf |date=March 3, 2016 }}. Retrieved March 30, 2013</ref>Taylor pia alikuwa rubani wa kivita katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jack C. Taylor: Navy fighter pilot turned Enterprise Rent-A-Car founder |url=https://www.historynet.com/jack-c-taylor-enterprise-rent-a-car/ |website=HistoryNet |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Baada ya vita, alifanya kazi kama muuzaji wa magari katika jiji la [[St. Louis, Missouri]]. Alianza Enterprise mwaka 1957 katika gereji, na kukua kuwa kampuni kubwa zaidi ya kukodisha magari nchini Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enterprise Rent-A-Car founder Jack Taylor dies at 94 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/enterprise-rent-a-car-founder-jack-taylor-dies-at-94-1.3664209 |website=CBC News |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]] 6t76cdnd9jr2jjk5ljnjh53dshe9a3g 0 233856 1540633 2026-05-11T21:10:20Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wusu Sannoh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Sannoh alihudumu kama meya wa Baraza la Jiji la Bokuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi Desemba 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wusu Kakay Sannoh FIDE Chess Profile|url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/17800145|work=International Chess Federation (FIDE)|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 78cxmcp9hv8cbvoc8yuv7o51on4kd5e 1540651 1540633 2026-05-11T21:46:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wusu Sannoh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Sannoh alihudumu kama meya wa Baraza la Jiji la Bokuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi Desemba 2012.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wusu Kakay Sannoh FIDE Chess Profile|url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/17800145|work=International Chess Federation (FIDE)|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] t38pl1fdxtpk8iwx1cy83gu7r34377n 0 233857 1540635 2026-05-11T21:12:14Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lobin C. Lowe''' alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa Kilimo wa [[Malawi]] kuanzia tarehe 8 Julai 2020 hadi 25 Oktoba 2022. == Maisha == Lowe alichaguliwa kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Lilongwe Central katika Bunge la Malawi mwaka 2009. Rais Lazarus Chakwera alimteua Lowe kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo, huku Agnes Nkusa Nkhoma akiteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Wizara hiyo katika baraza lake la kwanza la mawaziri mwaka 2020. Mwaka 2022, yeye pamoja na Naibu wake Madalitso Wirima...' 1540635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lobin C. Lowe''' alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa Kilimo wa [[Malawi]] kuanzia tarehe 8 Julai 2020 hadi 25 Oktoba 2022. == Maisha == Lowe alichaguliwa kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Lilongwe Central katika Bunge la Malawi mwaka 2009. Rais Lazarus Chakwera alimteua Lowe kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo, huku Agnes Nkusa Nkhoma akiteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Wizara hiyo katika baraza lake la kwanza la mawaziri mwaka 2020. Mwaka 2022, yeye pamoja na Naibu wake Madalitso Wirima Kambauwa waliondolewa kwenye nyadhifa zao za uwaziri na [[Rais]]. Sababu ilikuwa ni malipo ya kiasi kikubwa cha mbolea bila kufuata taratibu na ukaguzi unaotakiwa<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lowe fired as AIP committee chairperson|url=https://malawi24.com/2022/10/19/lowe-fired-as-aip-committee-chairperson/|work=Malawi24|date=2022-10-19|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Russell Kondowe}}</ref>. Kabla ya kuondolewa kwake kama waziri, Lowe pia aliondolewa kama [[mwenyekiti]] wa kamati ya bunge inayosimamia mpango wa ruzuku ya pembejeo za kilimo (Affordable Input Subsidy Program - AIP), <ref>{{Cite web|title=OXFAM chides finance ministry on AIP: ‘Unsustainable’ - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/oxfam-chides-finance-ministry-on-aip-unsustainable/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2021-06-09|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref>ambao ulionekana kuwa na changamoto za kisiasa na uendelevu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 76l4sgnkx31cktu0clma6iv415z9yjt 1540948 1540635 2026-05-12T11:27:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lobin C. Lowe''' alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa Kilimo wa [[Malawi]] kuanzia tarehe 8 Julai 2020 hadi 25 Oktoba 2022. == Maisha == Lowe alichaguliwa kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Lilongwe Central katika Bunge la Malawi mwaka 2009. Rais Lazarus Chakwera alimteua Lowe kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo, huku Agnes Nkusa Nkhoma akiteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Wizara hiyo katika baraza lake la kwanza la mawaziri mwaka 2020. Mwaka 2022, yeye pamoja na Naibu wake Madalitso Wirima Kambauwa waliondolewa kwenye nyadhifa zao za uwaziri na [[Rais]]. Sababu ilikuwa ni malipo ya kiasi kikubwa cha mbolea bila kufuata taratibu na ukaguzi unaotakiwa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lowe fired as AIP committee chairperson|url=https://malawi24.com/2022/10/19/lowe-fired-as-aip-committee-chairperson/|work=Malawi24|date=2022-10-19|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Russell Kondowe}}</ref>. Kabla ya kuondolewa kwake kama waziri, Lowe pia aliondolewa kama [[mwenyekiti]] wa kamati ya bunge inayosimamia mpango wa ruzuku ya pembejeo za kilimo (Affordable Input Subsidy Program - AIP), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=OXFAM chides finance ministry on AIP: ‘Unsustainable’ - Malawi Nyasa Times - News from Malawi about Malawi|url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/oxfam-chides-finance-ministry-on-aip-unsustainable/|work=www.nyasatimes.com|date=2021-06-09|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-GB|author=Nyasa Times Reporter}}</ref>ambao ulionekana kuwa na changamoto za kisiasa na uendelevu. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 9ankhsts0eyibf69gqw8ve29ezl04ah 0 233858 1540637 2026-05-11T21:15:18Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Martha Chanjo Lunji''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha [[Demokrasia]] nchini Malawi ambaye alihudumu kama Mbunge wa Jimbo la Nkhotakota North East kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi alipofariki dunia mwaka 2021. Pia aliwahi kuwa Chief Whip wa DPP wakiwa upinzani na alihudumu kama Waziri wa Kazi, Ujuzi na Ubunifu (Minister of Labour, Skills and Innovation) katika serikali ya Peter Mutharika. == Maisha == Lunji alikuwa na Shahada ya Sayansi katika Uhandisi wa...' 1540637 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martha Chanjo Lunji''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha [[Demokrasia]] nchini Malawi ambaye alihudumu kama Mbunge wa Jimbo la Nkhotakota North East kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi alipofariki dunia mwaka 2021. Pia aliwahi kuwa Chief Whip wa DPP wakiwa upinzani na alihudumu kama Waziri wa Kazi, Ujuzi na Ubunifu (Minister of Labour, Skills and Innovation) katika serikali ya Peter Mutharika. == Maisha == Lunji alikuwa na Shahada ya Sayansi katika Uhandisi wa [[Umeme]]. Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Caucus ya Wanawake wa Bunge la Malawi ndani ya Bunge la Taifa. Alifariki dunia kutokana na matatizo yaliyosababishwa na COVID-19 usiku wa tarehe 13 Julai 2021 katika Hospitali ya Kamuzu Central. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] ngen1dqq8gc82selyac46veo6ljw4a0 0 233859 1540640 2026-05-11T21:17:29Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Glen Albert Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 20]], [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa [[Minnesota]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Glen Taylor |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/glen-taylor/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Taylor alipata utajiri wake kama mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa ''Taylor Corporation'' yenye makao yake Minnesota, moja ya makampuni makubwa zaidi ya mawasiliano...' 1540640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glen Albert Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 20]], [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa [[Minnesota]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Glen Taylor |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/glen-taylor/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Taylor alipata utajiri wake kama mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa ''Taylor Corporation'' yenye makao yake Minnesota, moja ya makampuni makubwa zaidi ya mawasiliano ya picha katika [[Amerika Kaskazini]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fiedler |first=Terry |date=April 1, 2014 |title=Glen Taylor: Soul of a billionaire |url=https://www.startribune.com/1998-glen-taylor-profile-soul-of-a-billionaire/253438271/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Star Tribune |language=en}}</ref>Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa Seneti ya Minnesota na Bunge la Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor, Glen A. - Federal Charter |url=https://coms.doc.gov.bd/public/federal-charter/glen-a-taylor |website=coms.doc.gov.bd |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] isqyscd1pr9nd0uq39by4px443fqjfn 1540904 1540640 2026-05-12T10:27:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glen Albert Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 20]], [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani wa [[Minnesota]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Glen Taylor |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/glen-taylor/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Taylor alipata utajiri wake kama mwanzilishi na mmiliki wa ''Taylor Corporation'' yenye makao yake Minnesota, moja ya makampuni makubwa zaidi ya mawasiliano ya picha katika [[Amerika Kaskazini]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fiedler |first=Terry |date=April 1, 2014 |title=Glen Taylor: Soul of a billionaire |url=https://www.startribune.com/1998-glen-taylor-profile-soul-of-a-billionaire/253438271/ |access-date=2022-04-24 |website=Star Tribune |language=en}}</ref>Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa Seneti ya Minnesota na Bunge la Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taylor, Glen A. - Federal Charter |url=https://coms.doc.gov.bd/public/federal-charter/glen-a-taylor |website=coms.doc.gov.bd |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 94wimx10wjbfkkpksy2s46qos78xgsl 0 233860 1540641 2026-05-11T21:17:31Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steven Smart Jampa Malamba''' ni mwanachama wa [[Bunge]] la [[Afrika]] (Pan-African Parliament) kutoka [[Malawi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf|work=www.africa-union.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]]' 1540641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Smart Jampa Malamba''' ni mwanachama wa [[Bunge]] la [[Afrika]] (Pan-African Parliament) kutoka [[Malawi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wayback Machine|url=http://www.africa-union.org/organs/pan%20african%20parliament/List%20of%20Members%20pap.pdf|work=www.africa-union.org|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] 64i3cpa50tb5yga2qbdd64er3507p64 0 233861 1540642 2026-05-11T21:18:47Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bai Kelfa Sankoh''' ni Chifu Mkuu (Paramount Chief) wa [[Sierra Leone]] anayewakilisha Wilaya ya Kambia, moja ya wilaya tano zinazounda Mkoa wa Kaskazini. Yeye ni mwanachama wa kabila la Waloko (Loko). Ni mmoja wa machifu wakuu wenye ushawishi mkubwa nchini Sierra Leone, na ndiye chifu mkuu pekee aliyekwenda vitani pamoja na wanajeshi wa Nigeria kupambana na waasi wakati wa vita vya miaka kumi nchini humo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bai Kelfa Sankoh|url=https://grokipedia.com/page/bai_kelfa_sankoh|work=Grokipedia|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] osco62441j18f2b0suq83mmg635twex 0 233862 1540644 2026-05-11T21:21:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ernest Malenga''' (alifariki tarehe 20 Novemba 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo na Umwagiliaji nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2007 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007. Malenga pia aliwahi kuhudumu katika [[Bunge]] la Taifa akiwakilisha Jimbo la Balaka West. Malenga alifariki dunia tarehe 30 Novemba 2020 huko...' 1540644 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Malenga''' (alifariki tarehe 20 Novemba 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo na Umwagiliaji nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2007 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007. Malenga pia aliwahi kuhudumu katika [[Bunge]] la Taifa akiwakilisha Jimbo la Balaka West. Malenga alifariki dunia tarehe 30 Novemba 2020 huko Liwonde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ex Minister Ernest Malenga dies|url=https://www.faceofmalawi.com/2020/12/01/ex-minister-ernest-malenga-dies/|date=2020-12-01|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Robert Ngwira}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] casfi3br44wvjdltijktsmugfkgqjt5 1540896 1540644 2026-05-12T10:16:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Malenga''' (alifariki tarehe 20 Novemba 2020) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na mwalimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo na Umwagiliaji nchini Malawi, akiwa ameteuliwa kushika wadhifa huo mapema mwaka 2007 na aliyekuwa Rais wa Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. Muhula wake ulianza tarehe 20 Novemba 2007. Malenga pia aliwahi kuhudumu katika [[Bunge]] la Taifa akiwakilisha Jimbo la Balaka West. Malenga alifariki dunia tarehe 30 Novemba 2020 huko Liwonde.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ex Minister Ernest Malenga dies|url=https://www.faceofmalawi.com/2020/12/01/ex-minister-ernest-malenga-dies/|date=2020-12-01|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en-US|author=Robert Ngwira}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] qa91z6cjkr27p3mz3gc6scsyc9p1r0y 0 233863 1540646 2026-05-11T21:23:12Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bret Steven Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni [[msanidi programu]] wa kompyuta na [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bret Taylor |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Taylor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Aliongoza timu iliyounda kwa pamoja [[Google Maps]], alikuwa afisa mkuu wa teknolojia (CTO) wa [[Facebook]] (sasa Meta Platforms), mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya [[Twitter|Twitter, Inc]]. kabla ya ku...' 1540646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bret Steven Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni [[msanidi programu]] wa kompyuta na [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bret Taylor |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Taylor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Aliongoza timu iliyounda kwa pamoja [[Google Maps]], alikuwa afisa mkuu wa teknolojia (CTO) wa [[Facebook]] (sasa Meta Platforms), mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya [[Twitter|Twitter, Inc]]. kabla ya kununuliwa na [[Elon Musk]], na alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji mwenza wa Salesforce (pamoja na mwanzilishi mwenza [[Marc Benioff]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bret Taylor is a brilliant executive but could he get the top job at Uber? |url=https://www.afr.com/technology/bret-taylor-is-a-brilliant-executive-but-could-he-get-the-top-job-at-uber-20230919-p5e5z7 |website=Australian Financial Review |date=2023-09-19 |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Taylor pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa FriendFeed na muundaji wa programu ya ushirikiano Quip.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bret Taylor |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Taylor |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] msdzcygrytcpsl3nvq7btwzpolh0x1t 0 233864 1540648 2026-05-11T21:27:52Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540648 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bindi Hindowa Samba''' ni Chifu Mkuu (Paramount Chief) wa Sierra Leone wa Wilaya ya Bo, moja ya wilaya nne zinazounda Mkoa wa Kusini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=SLPP MPs - Sierra Leone Peoples Party|url=http://slpp.ws/browse.asp?page=426|work=slpp.ws|accessdate=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] knmt5g991t5jk5ekab2brphkffgxm1p 0 233865 1540649 2026-05-11T21:34:04Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joe Robert Pemagbi''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Novemba 1945 mjini Bo, iliyokuwa Sierra Leone ya Kiingereza) ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Amekuwa Balozi wa Sierra Leone katika Umoja wa Mataifa tangu Machi 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Joe Robert Pemagbi|url=https://grokipedia.com/page/joe_robert_pemagbi|work=Grokipedia|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> Pia ni mhitimu wa chuo cha Njala University ambapo alikuwa mfanyakazi wa muda mrefu: Mkuu wa Idara ya Lugha (1986–1995), Dekani (1988–1992), na Profesa Mshiriki (1991–1995). Alikuwa pia mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia na Haki za Binadamu (NCDHR) kuanzia mwaka 1999 hadi Machi 2003. Yeye ni mwanachama wa kabila la Wamende. Wakati wa kipindi chake kama mwenyekiti wa NCDHR, aliendelea kufundisha katika chuo chake alichosoma (Alma Mater) bila kuchoka. Hadi sasa, ni mmoja wa wanaisimu mashuhuri zaidi nchini Sierra Leone. Ana shahada ya uzamili ya utafiti (MPhil) katika Isimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Leeds. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] nfazx8m4tf7n91ugq19yow99raiuvn0 1540927 1540649 2026-05-12T10:48:05Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joe Robert Pemagbi''' (alizaliwa tarehe 22 Novemba 1945 mjini Bo, iliyokuwa Sierra Leone ya Kiingereza) ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Amekuwa Balozi wa Sierra Leone katika Umoja wa Mataifa tangu Machi 2003.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Joe Robert Pemagbi|url=https://grokipedia.com/page/joe_robert_pemagbi|work=Grokipedia|accessdate=2026-05-11|language=en}}</ref> Pia ni mhitimu wa chuo cha Njala University ambapo alikuwa mfanyakazi wa muda mrefu: Mkuu wa Idara ya Lugha (1986–1995), Dekani (1988–1992), na Profesa Mshiriki (1991–1995). Alikuwa pia mwenyekiti wa Tume ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia na Haki za Binadamu (NCDHR) kuanzia mwaka 1999 hadi Machi 2003. Yeye ni mwanachama wa kabila la Wamende. Wakati wa kipindi chake kama mwenyekiti wa NCDHR, aliendelea kufundisha katika chuo chake alichosoma (Alma Mater) bila kuchoka. Hadi sasa, ni mmoja wa wanaisimu mashuhuri zaidi nchini Sierra Leone. Ana shahada ya uzamili ya utafiti (MPhil) katika Isimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Leeds. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] mkxqkdiab7uheh9l1i7rr6clmjfkayh 0 233866 1540653 2026-05-11T22:48:04Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yves Thuriès''' (amezaliwa 5 Juni 1938) ni [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] [[mpishi]] na mpishi wa vitindamlo ambaye ametunukiwa mara mbili hadhi ya Meilleur Ouvrier de France.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ammar |first=Mouna |date=2023-02-24 |title=Coup de projecteur sur la franchise Yves Thuriès ! |url=[https://ac-franchise.com/article/coup-de-projecteur-sur-la-franchise-yves-thuries](https://ac-franchise.com/article/coup-de-projecteur-sur-la-franchise-yves-thuries) |...' 1540653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yves Thuriès''' (amezaliwa 5 Juni 1938) ni [[Ufaransa|Mfaransa]] [[mpishi]] na mpishi wa vitindamlo ambaye ametunukiwa mara mbili hadhi ya Meilleur Ouvrier de France.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ammar |first=Mouna |date=2023-02-24 |title=Coup de projecteur sur la franchise Yves Thuriès ! |url=[https://ac-franchise.com/article/coup-de-projecteur-sur-la-franchise-yves-thuries](https://ac-franchise.com/article/coup-de-projecteur-sur-la-franchise-yves-thuries) |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=AC Franchise |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] 9n3vpagqv5vrx4krd3yn9ygdtztoowj 0 233867 1540654 2026-05-11T22:50:35Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacques Torres''' (amezaliwa 14 Juni 1959) ni mpishi wa vitamu na mtaalamu wa chokoleti kutoka Ufaransa mwenye makazi yake mjini New York, [[Marekani]]. Torres ni mwanachama wa jamii ya International Culinary Center akiwa Mkuu wa Masomo ya Pastry Arts, na pia hutoa maonyesho ya upishi wa vitamu. Ameonekana pia katika kipindi cha televisheni kiitwacho ''Nailed It!''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|archive-url=https...' 1540654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques Torres''' (amezaliwa 14 Juni 1959) ni mpishi wa vitamu na mtaalamu wa chokoleti kutoka Ufaransa mwenye makazi yake mjini New York, [[Marekani]]. Torres ni mwanachama wa jamii ya International Culinary Center akiwa Mkuu wa Masomo ya Pastry Arts, na pia hutoa maonyesho ya upishi wa vitamu. Ameonekana pia katika kipindi cha televisheni kiitwacho ''Nailed It!''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615200332/http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June](http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615200332/http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June) 15, 2009|title=Total Immersion Culinary Arts Program Features a World Class Faculty|date=June 15, 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] ndso7o9q6ny5u05vls00ntc960q7hs2 1540924 1540654 2026-05-12T10:42:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540924 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques Torres''' (amezaliwa 14 Juni 1959) ni mpishi wa vitamu na mtaalamu wa chokoleti kutoka Ufaransa mwenye makazi yake mjini New York, [[Marekani]]. Torres ni mwanachama wa jamii ya International Culinary Center akiwa Mkuu wa Masomo ya Pastry Arts, na pia hutoa maonyesho ya upishi wa vitamu. Ameonekana pia katika kipindi cha televisheni kiitwacho ''Nailed It!''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615200332/http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June](http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615200332/http://www.frenchculinary.com/aboutus_faculty.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June) 15, 2009|title=Total Immersion Culinary Arts Program Features a World Class Faculty|date=June 15, 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] b6i64sqq9p09gwqvcrkwio2cjs17ynt 0 233868 1540655 2026-05-11T22:53:18Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Christina Tosi''' (amezaliwa 1981) ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] [[mpishi]] na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mmiliki mwenza, pamoja na Momofuku, wa kampuni ya Milk Bar, ambapo pia anahudumu kama mpishi mkuu na afisa mkuu mtendaji. Tosi pia alibuni bidhaa maarufu za vitindamlo zinazojulikana kama Milk Bar Pie na Cereal Milk. Jarida la ''Food & Wine'' lilimtaja katika orodha yake ya mwaka 2014 ya “Wanawake Wenye Ubunifu Mkubwa Zai...' 1540655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christina Tosi''' (amezaliwa 1981) ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] [[mpishi]] na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na mmiliki mwenza, pamoja na Momofuku, wa kampuni ya Milk Bar, ambapo pia anahudumu kama mpishi mkuu na afisa mkuu mtendaji. Tosi pia alibuni bidhaa maarufu za vitindamlo zinazojulikana kama Milk Bar Pie na Cereal Milk. Jarida la ''Food & Wine'' lilimtaja katika orodha yake ya mwaka 2014 ya “Wanawake Wenye Ubunifu Mkubwa Zaidi katika Chakula na Vinywaji”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Most Innovative Women in Food and Drink |url=[https://fortune.com/2014/09/03/the-most-innovative-women-in-food-and-drink/](https://fortune.com/2014/09/03/the-most-innovative-women-in-food-and-drink/) |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6nhn7i9ackeepsw4419f84zzb4daa71 0 233869 1540656 2026-05-11T22:55:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bartolo "Buddy" Valastro Jr.''' ni mpishi wa mikate na keki kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kupitia kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Cake Boss''.<ref name=NYT-DWI>{{cite news|url= [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/nyregion/cake-boss-star-pleads-guilty-to-dwi-charge.html|title='Cake](https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/nyregion/cake-boss-star-pleads-guilty-to-dwi-charge.html|title='Cake) Boss' Star Pleads Guilty to D.W.I. Charge|first=James C. Jr....' 1540656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bartolo "Buddy" Valastro Jr.''' ni mpishi wa mikate na keki kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kupitia kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Cake Boss''.<ref name=NYT-DWI>{{cite news|url= [https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/nyregion/cake-boss-star-pleads-guilty-to-dwi-charge.html|title='Cake](https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/nyregion/cake-boss-star-pleads-guilty-to-dwi-charge.html|title='Cake) Boss' Star Pleads Guilty to D.W.I. Charge|first=James C. Jr.|last= McKinley|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=December 1, 2014|access-date=September 24, 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] osz9no1xfhicwpy65d43qjkyfvlnd18 0 233870 1540657 2026-05-11T22:57:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rudolph van Veen''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈrydɔl(ə) fɑɱ ˈveːn}}; amezaliwa 28 Januari 1967) ni [[Uholanzi|Mholanzi]] mpishi wa televisheni na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taste of Success|url=[http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|publisher=Egyptian](http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|publisher=Egyptian) Chefs Association (ECA)|accessdate=15 April 2013|author=Samira Mahmoud|year=2006|quote=Rudolph van Veen was...' 1540657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rudolph van Veen''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈrydɔl(ə) fɑɱ ˈveːn}}; amezaliwa 28 Januari 1967) ni [[Uholanzi|Mholanzi]] mpishi wa televisheni na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taste of Success|url=[http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|publisher=Egyptian](http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|publisher=Egyptian) Chefs Association (ECA)|accessdate=15 April 2013|author=Samira Mahmoud|year=2006|quote=Rudolph van Veen was voted "Most Popular TV Chef of the Year 2005" in the Netherlands. As the founding member of the Netherlands Patisserie Team, he has received several national and international awards. Chef Rudolph has authored two cookbooks which carry his name.|url-status=dead|archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061455/http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|archivedate=21](https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061455/http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|archivedate=21) September 2013}}</ref> Alitajwa kuwa “Mpishi wa Televisheni Maarufu Zaidi wa Mwaka 2005” nchini Uholanzi. Kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa timu ya Netherlands Patisserie Team, amepokea tuzo mbalimbali za kitaifa na kimataifa. Pia ameandika vitabu viwili vya mapishi vinavyobeba jina lake.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taste of Success|url=[http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|publisher=Egyptian](http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|publisher=Egyptian) Chefs Association (ECA)|accessdate=15 April 2013|author=Samira Mahmoud|year=2006|url-status=dead|archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061455/http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|archivedate=21](https://web.archive.org/web/20130921061455/http://www.egyptchefs.com/eccornermeetdutch.asp|archivedate=21) September 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jyx7dhbtg51pdja114jb5meb2vfkqxo 0 233871 1540658 2026-05-11T23:00:32Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bronwen Weber''' ni Mzaliwa wa Kanada ambaye ni Mpishi wa vitindamlo na mtaalamu maarufu wa mapambo ya keki mwenye makazi yake [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.frenchpastryschool.com/school_happenings/weber_09_06.html](http://www.frenchpastryschool.com/school_happenings/weber_09_06.html) |title=Bronwen Weber's Incredible Career in Cake |author=Lindsay Koriath |date=16 June 2009 |work=French Pastry School|The French Past...' 1540658 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bronwen Weber''' ni Mzaliwa wa Kanada ambaye ni Mpishi wa vitindamlo na mtaalamu maarufu wa mapambo ya keki mwenye makazi yake [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.frenchpastryschool.com/school_happenings/weber_09_06.html](http://www.frenchpastryschool.com/school_happenings/weber_09_06.html) |title=Bronwen Weber's Incredible Career in Cake |author=Lindsay Koriath |date=16 June 2009 |work=[[French Pastry School|The French Pastry School]] |publisher=[[City Colleges of Chicago]] |accessdate=23 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=[https://web.archive.org/web/20101212070932/http://www.frenchpastryschool.com/school_happenings/weber_09_06.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20101212070932/http://www.frenchpastryschool.com/school_happenings/weber_09_06.html) |archivedate=12 December 2010 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] coll6q0a9jt5b9g4622bsx6ci3l3jc9 0 233872 1540659 2026-05-11T23:02:36Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Yosses''' (amezaliwa takriban mwaka 1953)<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2011-04-29 |title=Charlie Fabella Jr. and Bill Yosses |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/fashion/weddings/01FABELLA.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/fashion/weddings/01FABELLA.html) |access-date=2024-04-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221021220136/https://www.nyti...' 1540659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Yosses''' (amezaliwa takriban mwaka 1953)<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2011-04-29 |title=Charlie Fabella Jr. and Bill Yosses |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/fashion/weddings/01FABELLA.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/fashion/weddings/01FABELLA.html) |access-date=2024-04-10 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221021220136/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/fashion/weddings/01FABELLA.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20221021220136/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/01/fashion/weddings/01FABELLA.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] anayejulikana kama mpishi wa vitindamlo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1953|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2g9jt3zhzt5707e6rzhtqpazcw5fydq 0 233873 1540660 2026-05-11T23:06:05Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pierrick Boyer''' (amezaliwa 22 Julai 1974 mjini Valognes) Mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. == Kazi == Mwaka 1989, Pierrick Boyer alianza mafunzo ya awali ya uanagenzi katika Feucherolles, Yvelines nchini Ufaransa, na kuendelea na mafunzo hayo kati ya mwaka 1990 hadi 1992 huko Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche. Mwaka 1992 alianza kufanya kazi na Les Compagnons Du Devoir huko Strasbourg, na baadaye Brussels mwaka 1993. Pia alihudumu katika...' 1540660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierrick Boyer''' (amezaliwa 22 Julai 1974 mjini Valognes) Mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. == Kazi == Mwaka 1989, Pierrick Boyer alianza mafunzo ya awali ya uanagenzi katika Feucherolles, Yvelines nchini Ufaransa, na kuendelea na mafunzo hayo kati ya mwaka 1990 hadi 1992 huko Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche. Mwaka 1992 alianza kufanya kazi na Les Compagnons Du Devoir huko Strasbourg, na baadaye Brussels mwaka 1993. Pia alihudumu katika Jeshi la Ufaransa pamoja na Kikosi cha Kulinda Amani cha Umoja wa Mataifa, kabla ya kupelekwa Split, Croatia mwaka 1995. Mwaka 1996, Boyer alirudi Les Compagnons huko Reims, na mwaka 1997 akaendelea Bordeaux. Pia alifanya kazi kwa muda wa miezi sita katika Club Med nchini Italia, maeneo ya Livorno na Donoratico. Mwaka huohuo alianza kufanya kazi katika pâtisserie ya Kifaransa iitwayo Palm Dessert. Mwaka 2002 alijiunga na idara ya vitamu ya Ritz Carlton huko Boston. Boyer pia alifanya kazi katika Plaza Athenee mjini Paris kama Naibu Mpishi Mkuu wa Vitamu chini ya Christophe Michalak.<ref>Pierrick Boyer's Background [[http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background](http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background) "About Pierrick Boyer"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015313/http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background](https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015313/http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background) |date=2015-11-17 }}. Retrieved 16 November 2015.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [ lxbia9qdzvtny9kicnehxp2eyn79j7u 1540661 1540660 2026-05-11T23:06:59Z Valuegirl 87699 1540661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierrick Boyer''' (amezaliwa 22 Julai 1974 mjini Valognes) Mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. == Kazi == Mwaka 1989, Pierrick Boyer alianza mafunzo ya awali ya uanagenzi katika Feucherolles, Yvelines nchini Ufaransa, na kuendelea na mafunzo hayo kati ya mwaka 1990 hadi 1992 huko Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche. Mwaka 1992 alianza kufanya kazi na Les Compagnons Du Devoir huko Strasbourg, na baadaye Brussels mwaka 1993. Pia alihudumu katika Jeshi la Ufaransa pamoja na Kikosi cha Kulinda Amani cha Umoja wa Mataifa, kabla ya kupelekwa Split, Croatia mwaka 1995. Mwaka 1996, Boyer alirudi Les Compagnons huko Reims, na mwaka 1997 akaendelea Bordeaux. Pia alifanya kazi kwa muda wa miezi sita katika Club Med nchini Italia, maeneo ya Livorno na Donoratico. Mwaka huohuo alianza kufanya kazi katika pâtisserie ya Kifaransa iitwayo Palm Dessert. Mwaka 2002 alijiunga na idara ya vitamu ya Ritz Carlton huko Boston. Boyer pia alifanya kazi katika Plaza Athenee mjini Paris kama Naibu Mpishi Mkuu wa Vitamu chini ya Christophe Michalak.<ref>Pierrick Boyer's Background [[http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background](http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background) "About Pierrick Boyer"] {{Webarchive|url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015313/http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background](https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015313/http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background) |date=2015-11-17 }}. Retrieved 16 November 2015.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] ftet1g9c76nxwudp2okvv49255gv0e2 0 233874 1540662 2026-05-11T23:09:02Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shahrzad Shokouhivand''' (Kiajemi: '''شهرزاد شکوهی‌وند'''; amezaliwa 14 Aprili 1986) ni [[Iran|Muirani]] mpishi wa vitindamlo na mjasiriamali anayejulikana kwa kuanzisha Femmechic na Atelier Shahrzad mjini [[Tehran]]. Pia anajulikana kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Iran anayejihusisha na upishi wa vitindamlo kutunukiwa Chevalier de l'Ordre du Mérite Agricole kutoka Wizara ya Kilimo ya Ufaransa mwaka 2023.<ref name="Khabaronline">{{c...' 1540662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahrzad Shokouhivand''' (Kiajemi: '''شهرزاد شکوهی‌وند'''; amezaliwa 14 Aprili 1986) ni [[Iran|Muirani]] mpishi wa vitindamlo na mjasiriamali anayejulikana kwa kuanzisha Femmechic na Atelier Shahrzad mjini [[Tehran]]. Pia anajulikana kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Iran anayejihusisha na upishi wa vitindamlo kutunukiwa Chevalier de l'Ordre du Mérite Agricole kutoka Wizara ya Kilimo ya Ufaransa mwaka 2023.<ref name="Khabaronline">{{cite web |title=Iranian female pastry chef receives French Chevalier award |website=Khabaronline |date=2023-08-02 |url=[https://www.khabaronline.ir/live/1800085/](https://www.khabaronline.ir/live/1800085/) |access-date=2025-05-16 |language=fa}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Iran]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7y89b7oz0objxhshg17o0m3tr71godt 0 233875 1540663 2026-05-11T23:17:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tiyan Alile''' ni mpishi mashuhuri na mmiliki wa migahawa mwenye asili ya [[Nigeria]] na [[Marekani]]. Alianzisha Culinary Academy, shule ya kwanza ya upishi nchini Nigeria. Baadhi ya migahawa yake ya zamani ni pamoja na mgahawa wa nyama choma katika Ibadan Golf Club pamoja na mgahawa wa kisasa wa vyakula vya Kinigeria.<ref name=arik>{{cite magazine |last=Otas |first=Belinda |date=September 2015 |title=Flavour Country (Food and Drink) |url=[http://view...' 1540663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiyan Alile''' ni mpishi mashuhuri na mmiliki wa migahawa mwenye asili ya [[Nigeria]] na [[Marekani]]. Alianzisha Culinary Academy, shule ya kwanza ya upishi nchini Nigeria. Baadhi ya migahawa yake ya zamani ni pamoja na mgahawa wa nyama choma katika Ibadan Golf Club pamoja na mgahawa wa kisasa wa vyakula vya Kinigeria.<ref name=arik>{{cite magazine |last=Otas |first=Belinda |date=September 2015 |title=Flavour Country (Food and Drink) |url=[http://viewer.epageview.com/Viewer.aspx?docid=c48e78d7-08eb-440a-a08c-a50600ccdfe0#?page=25](http://viewer.epageview.com/Viewer.aspx?docid=c48e78d7-08eb-440a-a08c-a50600ccdfe0#?page=25) |magazine=Wings |issue=24 |page=25 |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4yxy3hkyr054lya9dt59pd253whcnk5 1540722 1540663 2026-05-12T02:17:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1540722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiyan Alile''' ni mpishi mashuhuri na mmiliki wa migahawa mwenye asili ya [[Nigeria]] na [[Marekani]]. Alianzisha Culinary Academy, shule ya kwanza ya upishi nchini Nigeria. Baadhi ya migahawa yake ya zamani ni pamoja na mgahawa wa nyama choma katika Ibadan Golf Club pamoja na mgahawa wa kisasa wa vyakula vya Kinigeria.<ref name=arik>{{cite magazine |last=Otas |first=Belinda |date=September 2015 |title=Flavour Country (Food and Drink) |url=http://viewer.epageview.com/Viewer.aspx?docid=c48e78d7-08eb-440a-a08c-a50600ccdfe0#?page=25 |magazine=Wings |issue=24 |page=25 |access-date=November 20, 2015 |archive-date=2018-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622165101/http://viewer.epageview.com/Viewer.aspx?docid=c48e78d7-08eb-440a-a08c-a50600ccdfe0#?page=25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] l3odoa9sbuf3zrct9itir0rb36niwm9 0 233876 1540665 2026-05-11T23:21:09Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Connie Achurra''' ni mpishi wa televisheni kutoka [[Chile]] na mwanaharakati wa ulaji wenye afya. Yeye ni binti wa mwigizaji Patricio Achurra na dada wa mwigizaji Ignacio Achurra pamoja na mpiga picha wa kitaaluma Macarena Achurra. Alisoma katika Universidad Mayor, lakini hakumaliza shahada yake. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 hadi 22, alisumbuliwa na ugonjwa wa bulimia hadi familia yake ilipogundua hali hiyo na kumsaidia kupata matibabu. Baada ya kushauria...' 1540665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Connie Achurra''' ni mpishi wa televisheni kutoka [[Chile]] na mwanaharakati wa ulaji wenye afya. Yeye ni binti wa mwigizaji Patricio Achurra na dada wa mwigizaji Ignacio Achurra pamoja na mpiga picha wa kitaaluma Macarena Achurra. Alisoma katika Universidad Mayor, lakini hakumaliza shahada yake. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 hadi 22, alisumbuliwa na ugonjwa wa bulimia hadi familia yake ilipogundua hali hiyo na kumsaidia kupata matibabu. Baada ya kushauriana na madaktari na wanasaikolojia, aligundulika kuwa na uraibu wa sukari na akaanza kuacha matumizi ya sukari iliyosafishwa katika lishe yake. Baadaye alifanya kazi katika [[Televisión Nacional de Chile]], ambapo alikutana na mume wake mtarajiwa. Baada ya wote kufukuzwa kazi, alianzisha warsha ya kurekebisha fanicha iitwayo Persian Biobío kwa msaada wa kifedha kutoka kwa mama yake. Alianza kutangaza kazi zake kupitia [[Facebook]] na kupata wateja wengi. Baadaye alianza pia kushiriki maudhui kuhusu ulaji wenye afya, hasa mapishi ya dessert zisizotumia sukari iliyosafishwa. Mawazo haya yalipata umaarufu mkubwa kwenye mitandao ya kijamii, na akaanzisha warsha za kufundisha watu wengine mapishi hayo.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ubilla|first1=Rebeca|title=Connie Achurra: "La comida saludable no es fome, ni más cara ni más complicada"|url=[http://mujeresymas.cl/connie-achurra-la-comida-saludable-no-es-fome-ni-mas-cara-ni-mas-complicada/|publisher=Mujeres](http://mujeresymas.cl/connie-achurra-la-comida-saludable-no-es-fome-ni-mas-cara-ni-mas-complicada/|publisher=Mujeres) y Mas|accessdate=26 Novemba 2017|language=Spanish|date=6 Mei 2016}}</ref> Hatimaye alifanya kipindi cha televisheni kiitwacho ''Mi Lado Dulce'' kwenye Canal 13. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Chile]] 8egl3sjzye2ki8nrd2jkgwz9bod8ulx 0 233877 1540666 2026-05-11T23:24:08Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Desta Bairu''' (1 Juni 1914 – 20 Juni 2002) alikuwa mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa [[Eritrea]] na [[Marekani]]. == Maisha ya awali == Bairu alizaliwa tarehe 1 Juni 1914 katika [[Asmara]], wakati huo ikiwa sehemu ya koloni la Italian Eritrea.<ref name=":0" /> Alihamia [[Marekani]] mwaka 1959. == Kazi == Alifanya kazi kama mpishi mkuu kwa Balozi wa Ethiopia katika Umoja wa Mataifa. Mwaka 1977, alianzisha Mamma Desta, mgahawa wa vyakula vya Kiethiopia...' 1540666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Desta Bairu''' (1 Juni 1914 – 20 Juni 2002) alikuwa mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa [[Eritrea]] na [[Marekani]]. == Maisha ya awali == Bairu alizaliwa tarehe 1 Juni 1914 katika [[Asmara]], wakati huo ikiwa sehemu ya koloni la Italian Eritrea.<ref name=":0" /> Alihamia [[Marekani]] mwaka 1959. == Kazi == Alifanya kazi kama mpishi mkuu kwa Balozi wa Ethiopia katika Umoja wa Mataifa. Mwaka 1977, alianzisha Mamma Desta, mgahawa wa vyakula vya Kiethiopia ulioko kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=":0">Harry Kloman, [[https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/desta-bairu-restaurant-pioneer/](https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/desta-bairu-restaurant-pioneer/) Desta Bairu – Restaurant Pioneer], blog post at ''Ethiopian Food: Mesob Across America''</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Eater Staff|date=2016-08-17|title=Ethiopians in D.C.: Building Community Through Food {{!}} MOFAD City|url=[http://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/dc-ethiopian-history|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Eater.com}}](http://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/dc-ethiopian-history|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Eater.com}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Eritrea]] knwouiewwquvfqdmxplmxqk8q2nr54n 1540891 1540666 2026-05-12T10:07:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Desta Bairu''' (1 Juni 1914 – 20 Juni 2002) alikuwa mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa [[Eritrea]] na [[Marekani]]. == Maisha ya awali == Bairu alizaliwa tarehe 1 Juni 1914 katika [[Asmara]], wakati huo ikiwa sehemu ya koloni la Italian Eritrea.<ref name=":0" /> Alihamia [[Marekani]] mwaka 1959. == Kazi == Alifanya kazi kama mpishi mkuu kwa Balozi wa Ethiopia katika Umoja wa Mataifa. Mwaka 1977, alianzisha Mamma Desta, mgahawa wa vyakula vya Kiethiopia ulioko kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref name=":0">Harry Kloman, [[https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/desta-bairu-restaurant-pioneer/](https://ethiopianfood.wordpress.com/2012/02/24/desta-bairu-restaurant-pioneer/) Desta Bairu – Restaurant Pioneer], blog post at ''Ethiopian Food: Mesob Across America''</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Eater Staff|date=2016-08-17|title=Ethiopians in D.C.: Building Community Through Food {{!}} MOFAD City|url=[http://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/dc-ethiopian-history|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Eater.com}}](http://www.eater.com/a/mofad-city-guides/dc-ethiopian-history|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Eater.com}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Eritrea]] knkdrcu5vwtii0eu5sdhlsk90azfq9g 0 233878 1540667 2026-05-11T23:27:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Argiro Barbarigou''' (amezaliwa 22 Oktoba 1967) ni mpishi maarufu wa [[Ugiriki]] (celebrity chef), mmiliki wa migahawa, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi. Pia ni Balozi wa maeneo ya Kaskazini na Kusini mwa Aegean katika mpango wa European Region of Gastronomy, pamoja na kuwa Balozi wa Kimataifa wa Vyakula Halisi vya Kigiriki. Argiro hujikita zaidi katika kuendeleza na kuonyesha mapishi ya jadi ya Ugiriki. == Maisha ya awali == Barbarigou alizaliwa na...' 1540667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Argiro Barbarigou''' (amezaliwa 22 Oktoba 1967) ni mpishi maarufu wa [[Ugiriki]] (celebrity chef), mmiliki wa migahawa, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi. Pia ni Balozi wa maeneo ya Kaskazini na Kusini mwa Aegean katika mpango wa European Region of Gastronomy, pamoja na kuwa Balozi wa Kimataifa wa Vyakula Halisi vya Kigiriki. Argiro hujikita zaidi katika kuendeleza na kuonyesha mapishi ya jadi ya Ugiriki. == Maisha ya awali == Barbarigou alizaliwa na kukulia katika kisiwa cha Paros kwa wazazi Kostanza na Ioannis Barbarigou. Ana dada mmoja anayeitwa Nikoletta Barbarigou. Katika miaka ya 1970, baba yake alikuwa akimiliki na kuendesha mgahawa wa Papadakis huko Paros. Akiwa anakua, Argiro alitumia muda wake mwingi kusaidia katika mgahawa wa familia yake.<ref>{{Cite news|url=[http://argirobarbarigou.com/my-life/|title=MY](http://argirobarbarigou.com/my-life/|title=MY) LIFE CHEF ARGIRO BARBARIGOU {{!}} ARGIRO BARBARIGOU|work=ARGIRO BARBARIGOU|access-date=2019-07-10|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ugiriki]] qvn1dk7j8pjgjo4nk89xwe4w3h6er94 0 233879 1540668 2026-05-11T23:30:05Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tala Bashmi''' ( amezaliwa 1988 au 1989) ni mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa kutoka [[Bahrain]]. Tangu mwaka 2017 amekuwa mpishi mlezi wa Fusions by Tala, mgahawa ulio ndani ya Gulf Hotel Bahrain Convention & Spa mjini [[Manama]]. Pia amejitokeza katika vipindi vya televisheni vya upishi, hususan katika kipindi cha mwaka 2019 cha ''Top Chef Middle East''. == Wasifu == Bashmi alizaliwa Bahrain<ref name="theworlds50best.com">{{cite web |last1=Drew |first1=W...' 1540668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tala Bashmi''' ( amezaliwa 1988 au 1989) ni mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa kutoka [[Bahrain]]. Tangu mwaka 2017 amekuwa mpishi mlezi wa Fusions by Tala, mgahawa ulio ndani ya Gulf Hotel Bahrain Convention & Spa mjini [[Manama]]. Pia amejitokeza katika vipindi vya televisheni vya upishi, hususan katika kipindi cha mwaka 2019 cha ''Top Chef Middle East''. == Wasifu == Bashmi alizaliwa Bahrain<ref name="theworlds50best.com">{{cite web |last1=Drew |first1=William |title=Get to know Tala Bashmi – the first-ever holder of the Middle East & North Africa's Best Female Chef title |url=[https://www.theworlds50best.com/stories/News/mena-tala-bashmi-best-female-chef.html](https://www.theworlds50best.com/stories/News/mena-tala-bashmi-best-female-chef.html) |website=[[The World's 50 Best Restaurants]] |access-date=6 September 2022 |date=15 December 2021}}</ref> mwaka 1988 au 1989.<ref name="Arab News">{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Shaistha |title=Award-winning Bahraini chef Tala Bashmi looks to reinvent Gulf cuisine |url=[https://www.arabnews.com/node/2141231/lifestyle](https://www.arabnews.com/node/2141231/lifestyle) |access-date=24 August 2022 |work=[[Arab News]] |date=12 August 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Bahrain]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] git2ngr0lo7xrtxpdwv0tv01gddf1bt 0 233880 1540669 2026-05-11T23:34:14Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Beh Gaik Lean''' (amezaliwa takribani mwaka 1953) ni mpishi kutoka [[Malaysia]] anayebobea katika vyakula vya Peranakan. Mwaka 2022, akiwa na umri wa miaka 69, mpishi huyu aliyejifunza mwenyewe pamoja na mgahawa wake unaoitwa *Auntie Gaik Lean's Old School Eatery* walitunukiwa nyota ya Michelin. Kwa mafanikio hayo, Gaik Lean alikua mwanamke wa kwanza wa Malaysia kupata nyota ya Michelin. == Wasifu == Beh Gaik Lean alizaliwa Malaysia akiwa kizazi cha n...' 1540669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beh Gaik Lean''' (amezaliwa takribani mwaka 1953) ni mpishi kutoka [[Malaysia]] anayebobea katika vyakula vya Peranakan. Mwaka 2022, akiwa na umri wa miaka 69, mpishi huyu aliyejifunza mwenyewe pamoja na mgahawa wake unaoitwa *Auntie Gaik Lean's Old School Eatery* walitunukiwa nyota ya Michelin. Kwa mafanikio hayo, Gaik Lean alikua mwanamke wa kwanza wa Malaysia kupata nyota ya Michelin. == Wasifu == Beh Gaik Lean alizaliwa Malaysia akiwa kizazi cha nne cha jamii ya Nyonya, au Peranakan Chinese.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-12-16 |title=A Michelin star for a Nyonya restaurant is recognition of Penang’s cultural heritage, says Auntie Gaik Lean |url=[https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/michelin-star-nyonya-restaurant-recognition-230000983.html](https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/michelin-star-nyonya-restaurant-recognition-230000983.html) |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-MY |archive-date=2025-05-26 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20250526204213/https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/michelin-star-nyonya-restaurant-recognition-230000983.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20250526204213/https://malaysia.news.yahoo.com/michelin-star-nyonya-restaurant-recognition-230000983.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950s|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Malaysia]] 2msnzaq7n8x8f956j3f5m6t7cyr3rty 0 233881 1540670 2026-05-11T23:36:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emma Bengtsson''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambaye anashikilia nyota mbili za Michelin katika mgahawa wa Aquavit ulioko [[New York City]]. Yeye ni mpishi mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Uswidi kupata nyota mbili za Michelin. == Kazi == Emma Bengtsson alizaliwa tarehe 27 Agosti 1981 katika [[Falkenberg]], Halland County magharibi mwa Uswidi. Awali alitamani kuwa rubani wa ndege za kivita, na katika maandalizi ya kazi ya kijeshi alikuwa akienda kwenye maeneo...' 1540670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Bengtsson''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambaye anashikilia nyota mbili za Michelin katika mgahawa wa Aquavit ulioko [[New York City]]. Yeye ni mpishi mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Uswidi kupata nyota mbili za Michelin. == Kazi == Emma Bengtsson alizaliwa tarehe 27 Agosti 1981 katika [[Falkenberg]], Halland County magharibi mwa Uswidi. Awali alitamani kuwa rubani wa ndege za kivita, na katika maandalizi ya kazi ya kijeshi alikuwa akienda kwenye maeneo ya mazoezi ya kupiga risasi pamoja na baba yake.<ref name="bloomberg">{{cite news|last1=Vines|first1=Richard|title=The Woman Atop New York's Dining Scene Now Targets London|url=[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-26/the-woman-atop-new-york-s-dining-scene-now-targets-london|accessdate=15](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-26/the-woman-atop-new-york-s-dining-scene-now-targets-london|accessdate=15) November 2017|work=Bloomberg|date=26 August 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0auszmminpkrfnm6m6kxjaqaldr7hb6 0 233882 1540671 2026-05-11T23:40:07Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rosebud Benitez''' ni mpishi mashuhuri wa Kifilipino ([[Filipi|Filipina]]) na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Anajulikana zaidi kama mtangazaji wa kipindi cha mapishi kiitwacho ''Quickfire'', ambacho ni kipindi cha dakika 10 kinachorushwa mara kadhaa kwa siku kupitia GMA News TV (zamani kilijulikana kama Q, sasa GTV), kituo dada cha [[GMA Network]]. Kipindi cha ''Quickfire'' kinachukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vipindi vinavyotambulika zaidi vya mtandao huo mbad...' 1540671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosebud Benitez''' ni mpishi mashuhuri wa Kifilipino ([[Filipi|Filipina]]) na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Anajulikana zaidi kama mtangazaji wa kipindi cha mapishi kiitwacho ''Quickfire'', ambacho ni kipindi cha dakika 10 kinachorushwa mara kadhaa kwa siku kupitia GMA News TV (zamani kilijulikana kama Q, sasa GTV), kituo dada cha [[GMA Network]]. Kipindi cha ''Quickfire'' kinachukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya vipindi vinavyotambulika zaidi vya mtandao huo mbadala, na pia kilikuwa na toleo la DVD lililouzwa sana likikusanya vipindi bora.<ref>[[https://archive.today/20120907024116/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=501816&publicationSubCategoryId=96](https://archive.today/20120907024116/http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleId=501816&publicationSubCategoryId=96) "Chef Mom Rosebud's Quickfire - 10-minute Kitchen Wonders, available na sa DVD"], ''Pilipino Star Ngayon'', 3 Septemba 2009 (imerejeshwa 20 Februari 2012)</ref> Kabla ya ''Quickfire'', Benitez alikuwa sehemu ya kipindi cha upishi cha kikundi kiitwacho ''Ka-Toque'' kwenye Q, ambacho kilisaidia kuanzisha aina mpya ya vipindi vya upishi vya televisheni nchini Ufilipino na kuibua kizazi kipya cha wapishi watangazaji.<ref>[[http://www.clickthecity.com/tv/?p=690](http://www.clickthecity.com/tv/?p=690) "GMA welcomes QTV, their newest 'kapuso'"], ''ClickTheCity.com'', 11 Novemba 2005 (imerejeshwa 20 Februari 2012)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufilipino]] ejjre6hadq279gtvwiva2nrtq9ya5fq 0 233883 1540672 2026-05-11T23:42:23Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vanessa Bolosier''' alizaliwa katika [[Guadeloupe]] na ni mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi wa [[Kifaransa]]-Karibiani anayeishi [[London]]. Ameandika kitabu cha mapishi kiitwacho *Creole Kitchen*, kilichochapishwa na Pavilion mwezi Juni 2015. == Kazi == Vanessa Bolosier alikulia Guadeloupe. Baada ya kuhamia kutoka Guadeloupe kwenda [[Ufaransa]] mwaka 2001, alisoma shahada ya kazi za kijamii huku pia akiendelea na kazi ya uanamitindo.<ref>{{Cite web |ur...' 1540672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vanessa Bolosier''' alizaliwa katika [[Guadeloupe]] na ni mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi wa [[Kifaransa]]-Karibiani anayeishi [[London]]. Ameandika kitabu cha mapishi kiitwacho *Creole Kitchen*, kilichochapishwa na Pavilion mwezi Juni 2015. == Kazi == Vanessa Bolosier alikulia Guadeloupe. Baada ya kuhamia kutoka Guadeloupe kwenda [[Ufaransa]] mwaka 2001, alisoma shahada ya kazi za kijamii huku pia akiendelea na kazi ya uanamitindo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.homemadebyyou.co.uk/articles/fun-stuff/we-meet-the-queen-of-creole-cooking-vanessa-bolosier](https://www.homemadebyyou.co.uk/articles/fun-stuff/we-meet-the-queen-of-creole-cooking-vanessa-bolosier) |title=Meet Vanessa Bolosier, author of Creole Kitchen | Homemade |access-date=2015-08-04 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305171259/https://www.homemadebyyou.co.uk/articles/fun-stuff/we-meet-the-queen-of-creole-cooking-vanessa-bolosier](https://web.archive.org/web/20160305171259/https://www.homemadebyyou.co.uk/articles/fun-stuff/we-meet-the-queen-of-creole-cooking-vanessa-bolosier) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kd1itfva3t5hjxzndkx4hn5sy6mawjz 0 233884 1540673 2026-05-11T23:44:37Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peace Nankunda Butera''' ni msanii wa upishi kutoka [[Uganda]] anayefanya kazi kama Mkuu Msaidizi wa Mpishi Mkuu (Executive Sous Chef), yaani nafasi ya pili kwa uongozi jikoni, katika Kampala Serena Hotel, hoteli ya nyota tano iliyopo [[Kampala]], mji mkuu na mkubwa wa Uganda.<ref name="Bio">{{cite web|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] | accessdate=28 Septemba 2017 | url=[http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/Her-aunts-good-cooking-stirred-her-culinary-pass...' 1540673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Nankunda Butera''' ni msanii wa upishi kutoka [[Uganda]] anayefanya kazi kama Mkuu Msaidizi wa Mpishi Mkuu (Executive Sous Chef), yaani nafasi ya pili kwa uongozi jikoni, katika Kampala Serena Hotel, hoteli ya nyota tano iliyopo [[Kampala]], mji mkuu na mkubwa wa Uganda.<ref name="Bio">{{cite web|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] | accessdate=28 Septemba 2017 | url=[http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/Her-aunts-good-cooking-stirred-her-culinary-passion/689856-3276998-kb5ngiz/index.html](http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Life/Her-aunts-good-cooking-stirred-her-culinary-passion/689856-3276998-kb5ngiz/index.html) | date=3 Julai 2016 | title=Her aunt's good cooking stirred her culinary passion | first=Edgar | location=Kampala | last=Batte }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uganda]] ahh87aaof6t5rs7q5zo0wa3p3xc4586 0 233885 1540675 2026-05-11T23:48:49Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gabriela Cámara Bargellino''' ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka [[Mexico]]. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika tasnia ya upishi ya Mexico na pia kwa kuhusishwa na juhudi za kukuza utalii wa Mexico. Katika baadhi ya nyakati, alihusishwa na kazi za kimkakati za kukuza utalii wa nchi hiyo chini ya serikali ya [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.sinembargo.mx/3456751/quien-es-gabriela-camara-bargellino-la-chef-encarga...' 1540675 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriela Cámara Bargellino''' ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka [[Mexico]]. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika tasnia ya upishi ya Mexico na pia kwa kuhusishwa na juhudi za kukuza utalii wa Mexico. Katika baadhi ya nyakati, alihusishwa na kazi za kimkakati za kukuza utalii wa nchi hiyo chini ya serikali ya [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.sinembargo.mx/3456751/quien-es-gabriela-camara-bargellino-la-chef-encargada-de-la-promocion-turistica-de-mexico-con-amlo/|title=¿Quién](https://www.sinembargo.mx/3456751/quien-es-gabriela-camara-bargellino-la-chef-encargada-de-la-promocion-turistica-de-mexico-con-amlo/|title=¿Quién) es Gabriela Cámara Bargellino, la chef encargada de la promoción turística de México con AMLO?|website=SinEmbargo.mx|date=14 August 2018|language=es|access-date=27 August 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 10hpz5o9xg6xv7x09qztek5xkr4ga5v 0 233886 1540678 2026-05-11T23:53:05Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isabel Campabadal''' ni mpishi, mwandishi, na mwalimu wa upishi kutoka [[Costa Rica]]. Mwaka 2019, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Magón, ambayo ni tuzo ya juu zaidi ya kiraia na kitamaduni nchini Costa Rica. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Campabadal alizaliwa akiwa binti wa Anabel González. Alianza kupenda upishi akiwa na umri mdogo, jambo analosema lilichochewa na ushawishi wa mama yake.<ref name="González-2020">{{Cite web |last=González |first=Melissa |da...' 1540678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabel Campabadal''' ni mpishi, mwandishi, na mwalimu wa upishi kutoka [[Costa Rica]]. Mwaka 2019, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Magón, ambayo ni tuzo ya juu zaidi ya kiraia na kitamaduni nchini Costa Rica. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Campabadal alizaliwa akiwa binti wa Anabel González. Alianza kupenda upishi akiwa na umri mdogo, jambo analosema lilichochewa na ushawishi wa mama yake.<ref name="González-2020">{{Cite web |last=González |first=Melissa |date=2 Juni 2020 |title=Isabel Campababal: Gastronomy as a heritage asset |url=[https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/isabel-campababal-la-gastronomia-como-un-bien-patrimonial](https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/isabel-campababal-la-gastronomia-como-un-bien-patrimonial) |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=[[La República (Costa Rica)|La República]] |language=es}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kosta Rika]] qsekww95jmb49h6mp1mkmxvszosvj7g 1540920 1540678 2026-05-12T10:40:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540920 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabel Campabadal''' ni mpishi, mwandishi, na mwalimu wa upishi kutoka [[Costa Rica]]. Mwaka 2019, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Magón, ambayo ni tuzo ya juu zaidi ya kiraia na kitamaduni nchini Costa Rica. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Campabadal alizaliwa akiwa binti wa Anabel González. Alianza kupenda upishi akiwa na umri mdogo, jambo analosema lilichochewa na ushawishi wa mama yake.<ref name="González-2020">{{Rejea tovuti |last=González |first=Melissa |date=2 Juni 2020 |title=Isabel Campababal: Gastronomy as a heritage asset |url=[https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/isabel-campababal-la-gastronomia-como-un-bien-patrimonial](https://www.larepublica.net/noticia/isabel-campababal-la-gastronomia-como-un-bien-patrimonial) |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=[[La República (Costa Rica)|La República]] |language=es}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kosta Rika]] 3quhxwv3tzeg6jlzgn3h68a8i4hnpt0 0 233887 1540679 2026-05-11T23:56:48Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Justa Canaviri''' (amezaliwa 13 Agosti 1963) ni mwanamke wa jamii ya Aymara kutoka [[Bolivia]] ambaye amejipatia umaarufu kutokana na mavazi yake ya kitamaduni ya *chola* na kofia ya *bowler*, pamoja na ujasiri wake katika kuzungumzia masuala ya ukatili wa kifamilia, haki za LGBT na haki za watu wa asili. Mara nyingi hujulikana kama “*chola* maarufu zaidi wa Bolivia”, Canaviri alibadilisha taswira ya televisheni nchini Bolivia alipoanza kuendesha k...' 1540679 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justa Canaviri''' (amezaliwa 13 Agosti 1963) ni mwanamke wa jamii ya Aymara kutoka [[Bolivia]] ambaye amejipatia umaarufu kutokana na mavazi yake ya kitamaduni ya *chola* na kofia ya *bowler*, pamoja na ujasiri wake katika kuzungumzia masuala ya ukatili wa kifamilia, haki za LGBT na haki za watu wa asili. Mara nyingi hujulikana kama “*chola* maarufu zaidi wa Bolivia”, Canaviri alibadilisha taswira ya televisheni nchini Bolivia alipoanza kuendesha kipindi chake cha upishi akiwa mtangazaji mkuu wa kwanza wa kike wa asili ya kiasili katika televisheni ya taifa. Mwaka 2014, alitambuliwa katika orodha ya [[BBC]] ya “Wanawake 100”. == Maisha ya awali == Justa Elena Canaviri Choque alizaliwa 13 Agosti 1963 mjini [[La Paz]], [[Bolivia]], akiwa mtoto wa Filomena Choque na Ambrosio Canaviri. Akiwa wa pili kati ya mabinti wanne, alisoma katika Tecnimod Academy akijikita katika ushonaji na usanifu, kazi za kijamii, na pia alipata mafunzo ya ziada ya gastronomia ya Bolivia, akijifunza vyakula vya taifa na vitindamlo. Alilea watoto watatu—Indira, Addis na José—huku akifanya kazi ya usafi wa nyumba ili kujikimu kimaisha. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Bolivia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] njrzg9livu058wz952qvih9w5w2y4mk 0 233888 1540680 2026-05-11T23:59:58Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sor Lucía Caram Padilla''' (amezaliwa 21 Oktoba 1966) ni mtawa wa Dominican Order kutoka [[Argentina]], ambaye pia ni mpishi, mwandishi, na mtangazaji. Kwa sasa anaishi nchini Hispania. == Wasifu == Lucía Caram alizaliwa mjini Tucumán akiwa mtoto wa tano kati ya watoto saba katika familia yenye asili ya Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.cocinayaficiones.com/2015/03/las-recetas-de-sor-lucia-caram/|title=Las](http://www.cocinayaficiones.com/2015...' 1540680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sor Lucía Caram Padilla''' (amezaliwa 21 Oktoba 1966) ni mtawa wa Dominican Order kutoka [[Argentina]], ambaye pia ni mpishi, mwandishi, na mtangazaji. Kwa sasa anaishi nchini Hispania. == Wasifu == Lucía Caram alizaliwa mjini Tucumán akiwa mtoto wa tano kati ya watoto saba katika familia yenye asili ya Lebanon.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.cocinayaficiones.com/2015/03/las-recetas-de-sor-lucia-caram/|title=Las](http://www.cocinayaficiones.com/2015/03/las-recetas-de-sor-lucia-caram/|title=Las) recetas de Sor Lucía Caram|language=es|trans-title=Mapishi ya Dada Lucía Caram|date=5 Machi 2015|first=Concha|last=Bernad|work=Cocina y Aficiones|accessdate=26 Agosti 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1966|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Argentina]] m39iu15rncu93pjlsj1k110om1e64bv 1540894 1540680 2026-05-12T10:12:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540894 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucía Caram Padilla''' (amezaliwa [[Tucumán]], 21 Oktoba 1966) ni [[mtawa]] [[Wadominiko|wa Kidominiko]] kutoka [[Argentina]], ambaye pia ni mpishi, mwandishi, na mtangazaji. Kwa sasa anaishi nchini [[Hispania]]. == Wasifu == Lucía Caram alizaliwa akiwa mtoto wa tano kati ya watoto saba katika familia yenye asili ya [[Lebanoni]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.cocinayaficiones.com/2015/03/las-recetas-de-sor-lucia-caram/|title=Las](http://www.cocinayaficiones.com/2015/03/las-recetas-de-sor-lucia-caram/|title=Las) recetas de Sor Lucía Caram|language=es|trans-title=Mapishi ya Dada Lucía Caram|date=5 Machi 2015|first=Concha|last=Bernad|work=Cocina y Aficiones|accessdate=26 Agosti 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} {{BD|1966|}} [[Jamii:Wadominiko]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Argentina]] pqd3ll27ld7ozrc5z8u0eoucxjwqk5n 0 233889 1540681 2026-05-12T00:02:02Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Erchen Chang''' ({{zh|t=張爾宬|p=Zhāng ěr chéng}}) ni mpishi kutoka [[Taiwan]] ambaye ni mkurugenzi wa ubunifu na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa migahawa ya Bao, Bao Fitzrovia na Xu iliyoko [[London]], Uingereza.<ref>{{cite news|author=羅璿|title=(Chinese)讓英國人愛上刈包、豬血糕、池上便當 藝術系女孩怎麼在倫敦賣台灣小吃？|url=[https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5122411?template=fashion|accessdate=23](https://www.cw.com.tw/ar...' 1540681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erchen Chang''' ({{zh|t=張爾宬|p=Zhāng ěr chéng}}) ni mpishi kutoka [[Taiwan]] ambaye ni mkurugenzi wa ubunifu na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa migahawa ya Bao, Bao Fitzrovia na Xu iliyoko [[London]], Uingereza.<ref>{{cite news|author=羅璿|title=(Chinese)讓英國人愛上刈包、豬血糕、池上便當 藝術系女孩怎麼在倫敦賣台灣小吃？|url=[https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5122411?template=fashion|accessdate=23](https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5122411?template=fashion|accessdate=23) November 2022|work=Evening Standard|date=7 August 2022}}</ref> == Kazi == Erchen Chang aliishi [[Taiwan]] hadi alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 14, na alisoma katika shule iliyokuwa mbali na makazi ya familia yake. Kutokana na hali hiyo, alizoea sana kula katika masoko ya usiku ya Taiwan. Akiwa nyumbani, bibi yake ndiye aliyekuwa akihusika na kupika chakula cha familia, mara nyingi kwa watu zaidi ya kumi kwa wakati mmoja. Ingawa Chang alijaribu kumsaidia, aliona ugumu kuendana na kasi ya kazi hiyo na mara nyingi alifanya kazi ndogo kama kuongeza mapambo ya chakula (garnish).<ref name="eve">{{cite news|last1=Stewart|first1=Victoria|title=Erchen Chang: Bao's head chef remembers eating poached goose and tea tree noodles in Taiwan|url=[https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/foodanddrink/erchen-chang-baos-head-chef-remembers-eating-poached-goose-and-tea-tree-noodles-in-taiwan-a3359671.html|accessdate=18](https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/foodanddrink/erchen-chang-baos-head-chef-remembers-eating-poached-goose-and-tea-tree-noodles-in-taiwan-a3359671.html|accessdate=18) November 2017|work=Evening Standard|date=3 October 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Taiwan]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6tmevnqneza45bvc5l96gs98p6g79n0 0 233890 1540682 2026-05-12T00:04:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yoshiaki "Yuki" Chizui''' ni mpishi wa sushi kutoka [[Japani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na meneja wa mgahawa unaoitwa “Nadeshico Sushi” uliopo Akihabara, [[Tokyo]], ambao unajulikana kuwa mgahawa wa kwanza wa sushi unaoendeshwa na wafanyakazi wote wanawake. == Maisha ya awali == Chizui alisoma sanaa wakati akiwa anafanya kazi ya muda katika mgahawa wa sushi uliopo katika soko la samaki la Tsukiji. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake ya chuo kikuu na kukos...' 1540682 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yoshiaki "Yuki" Chizui''' ni mpishi wa sushi kutoka [[Japani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na meneja wa mgahawa unaoitwa “Nadeshico Sushi” uliopo Akihabara, [[Tokyo]], ambao unajulikana kuwa mgahawa wa kwanza wa sushi unaoendeshwa na wafanyakazi wote wanawake. == Maisha ya awali == Chizui alisoma sanaa wakati akiwa anafanya kazi ya muda katika mgahawa wa sushi uliopo katika soko la samaki la Tsukiji. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake ya chuo kikuu na kukosa ajira katika sekta ya sanaa, aliamua kuanzisha mgahawa wake mwenyewe, hatua iliyolenga kupinga ubaguzi wa kijinsia nchini Japani.<ref name="eater">{{cite web |last1=Fuhrmeister |first1=Chris |title=Watch: The Female Sushi Chef Bucking Japan's Male-Dominated Traditions |url=[https://www.eater.com/2016/8/12/12454002/female-sushi-chefs-japan](https://www.eater.com/2016/8/12/12454002/female-sushi-chefs-japan) |website=[[Eater (website)|Eater]] |access-date=28 Desemba 2025 |date=12 Agosti 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Japani]] sbhks5mhsthyq1vkgsw2fruy1vbgxw7 0 233891 1540684 2026-05-12T00:08:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chudaree "Chef Tam" Debhakam''' (amezaliwa takriban mwaka 1993) ni mpishi kutoka [[Thailand]] na [[Bangkok]]. Mwaka 2024 alikua mpishi mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kithai kutunukiwa nyota mbili za Michelin . Mwaka 2025 alitangazwa kuwa Mpishi Bora Mwanamke wa Asia. == Wasifu == Akiwa mtoto, Chudaree Debhakam alikuwa na ndoto ya kuwa mwanariadha wa kulipwa. Baada ya kugundua kuwa hangeweza kufanikiwa katika michezo ya ushindani wa kitaalamu, alielekeza juhudi...' 1540684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chudaree "Chef Tam" Debhakam''' (amezaliwa takriban mwaka 1993) ni mpishi kutoka [[Thailand]] na [[Bangkok]]. Mwaka 2024 alikua mpishi mwanamke wa kwanza wa Kithai kutunukiwa nyota mbili za Michelin . Mwaka 2025 alitangazwa kuwa Mpishi Bora Mwanamke wa Asia. == Wasifu == Akiwa mtoto, Chudaree Debhakam alikuwa na ndoto ya kuwa mwanariadha wa kulipwa. Baada ya kugundua kuwa hangeweza kufanikiwa katika michezo ya ushindani wa kitaalamu, alielekeza juhudi zake katika sanaa ya upishi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Chef ‘Tam’ Chudaree Debhakam on coping with pressure, creating change and the beauty of humble ingredients |url=[https://www.theworlds50best.com/stories/News/chef-tam-chudaree-debhakam-best-female-chef-asias-50-best-restaurants-2025.html](https://www.theworlds50best.com/stories/News/chef-tam-chudaree-debhakam-best-female-chef-asias-50-best-restaurants-2025.html) |access-date=2025-05-26 |website=50B - STORIES |language=en |archive-date=2025-04-30 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20250430081411/https://www.theworlds50best.com/stories/News/chef-tam-chudaree-debhakam-best-female-chef-asias-50-best-restaurants-2025.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20250430081411/https://www.theworlds50best.com/stories/News/chef-tam-chudaree-debhakam-best-female-chef-asias-50-best-restaurants-2025.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uthai]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] e21onqjes3obx8i4g76g6uo51scqrh1 0 233892 1540686 2026-05-12T00:11:40Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saipin Chutima''' (amezaliwa 1954 au 1955) ni mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa kutoka [[Las Vegas]], Nevada, [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni mpishi mkuu wa mgahawa wa Lotus of Siam. Mwaka 2011, alishinda kwa pamoja tuzo ya James Beard Award ya Mpishi Bora wa Kanda ya Kusini-Magharibi (Best Chef Southwest). == Maisha ya awali == Chutima anatoka Chiang Mai, [[Uthai|Thailand]], ambako alilelewa na babu na bibi zake ambao walikuwa wakulima na wafanyabiashara.<ref name=...' 1540686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saipin Chutima''' (amezaliwa 1954 au 1955) ni mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa kutoka [[Las Vegas]], Nevada, [[Marekani]]. Yeye ni mpishi mkuu wa mgahawa wa Lotus of Siam. Mwaka 2011, alishinda kwa pamoja tuzo ya James Beard Award ya Mpishi Bora wa Kanda ya Kusini-Magharibi (Best Chef Southwest). == Maisha ya awali == Chutima anatoka Chiang Mai, [[Uthai|Thailand]], ambako alilelewa na babu na bibi zake ambao walikuwa wakulima na wafanyabiashara.<ref name="PBS-2023">{{Cite web |date=12 Mei 2023 |title=Saipin Chutima & Penny Chua |url=[https://www.pbs.org/video/nevada-week-in-person-saipin-chutima-penny-chua-sdjexv/](https://www.pbs.org/video/nevada-week-in-person-saipin-chutima-penny-chua-sdjexv/) |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Alihamia Los Angeles mwaka 1987, kisha baadaye akahamia Las Vegas.<ref name="PBS-2023" /> == Kazi == Chutima na mume wake walifungua mgahawa wa Lotus of Siam mwaka 1999.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schuster |first=Clayton Mory |date=2019-09-13 |title=Lotus Of Siam: The Las Vegas Thai Restaurant With Century-Old Recipes |url=[https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/nevada/articles/lotus-of-siam-the-las-vegas-thai-restaurant-with-century-old-recipes](https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/nevada/articles/lotus-of-siam-the-las-vegas-thai-restaurant-with-century-old-recipes) |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=[[Culture Trip]] |language=en}}</ref> Mapishi yake yanategemea mapishi ya jadi aliyorithi kutoka kwa bibi yake.<ref name="PBS-2023" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Durano |first=Genevie |date=12 Novemba 2020 |title=Lotus of Siam's Northern Thai Comfort Food is Back Where it All Began |url=[https://lasvegasweekly.com/dining/2020/nov/12/lotus-of-siams-northern-thai-comfort-food-is-back/](https://lasvegasweekly.com/dining/2020/nov/12/lotus-of-siams-northern-thai-comfort-food-is-back/) |website=[[Las Vegas Weekly]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950s|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uthai]] a8v9u53grei4ss63o2pliis18nvrl24 0 233893 1540687 2026-05-12T00:14:20Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ada Cóncaro''' (1934 – 14 Desemba 2010) alikuwa mpishi na mtaalamu wa vyakula kutoka [[Argentina]] mwenye asili ya [[Kiitalia|Kiitaliano]].<ref name=Clarín1/> Alizaliwa katika [[Buenos Aires]] na alisoma kemia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Buenos Aires. Baadaye alifundisha hesabu akiwa profesa katika eneo la [[Patagonia]] kabla ya kurejea Buenos Aires. Mwaka 1983 alianzisha mgahawa wa Tomo I mjini Buenos Aires, ambao baadaye ulijulikana kama moja ya taasi...' 1540687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ada Cóncaro''' (1934 – 14 Desemba 2010) alikuwa mpishi na mtaalamu wa vyakula kutoka [[Argentina]] mwenye asili ya [[Kiitalia|Kiitaliano]].<ref name=Clarín1/> Alizaliwa katika [[Buenos Aires]] na alisoma kemia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Buenos Aires. Baadaye alifundisha hesabu akiwa profesa katika eneo la [[Patagonia]] kabla ya kurejea Buenos Aires. Mwaka 1983 alianzisha mgahawa wa Tomo I mjini Buenos Aires, ambao baadaye ulijulikana kama moja ya taasisi muhimu za gastronomia nchini Argentina. Alizaa watoto watatu, na baadaye alimwachia mwanawe Federico Fialayre uongozi wa Tomo I. Alifariki dunia mjini Buenos Aires.<ref name=Clarín1>[[#{{sfnref|Clarín}}|Clarín]], 15 Desemba 2010</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Argentina]] 4bfoghvqecfmfrnw6gz0okr7z7nk3sa 0 233894 1540688 2026-05-12T00:21:39Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Engracia Cruz-Reyes''' (16 Aprili 1892 – 6 Julai 1975) alikuwa mpishi na mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Philippines|Ufilipino]]. Alijulikana kama mhamasishaji wa vyakula vya Kifilipino, hasa kupitia mtandao wa migahawa aliouanzisha unaoitwa *The Aristocrat Restaurant*. == Maisha ya awali == [[File:Engracia Cruz Reyes (1892–1975) historical marker.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Alama ya kihistoria ya taifa iliyowekwa Malate, Manila]] Alizaliwa katika familia mask...' 1540688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Engracia Cruz-Reyes''' (16 Aprili 1892 – 6 Julai 1975) alikuwa mpishi na mfanyabiashara kutoka [[Philippines|Ufilipino]]. Alijulikana kama mhamasishaji wa vyakula vya Kifilipino, hasa kupitia mtandao wa migahawa aliouanzisha unaoitwa *The Aristocrat Restaurant*. == Maisha ya awali == [[File:Engracia Cruz Reyes (1892–1975) historical marker.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Alama ya kihistoria ya taifa iliyowekwa Malate, Manila]] Alizaliwa katika familia maskini mjini Navotas tarehe 16 Aprili 1892. Mama yake alikuwa mchuuzi wa mitaani aliyekuwa akiuza michuzi ya vyakula na matunda, na baadaye alisimamia kibanda kidogo cha chakula kilichojulikana kama *carinderia* nchini Ufilipino. Akiwa mtoto, Engracia alijifunza upishi mapema kwa sababu alilazimika kuandaa chakula kwa ajili ya ndugu zake wadogo watano wakati wazazi wake walipokuwa wakifanya kazi za kujikimu kimaisha. Aliweza kumaliza miaka minne pekee ya elimu ya msingi.<ref name=fil8>''Filipinos in History Vol. III'', uk. 228</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1892|1975}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufilipino]] 27s3fx8mdpia21nqhogtfdscudckjfc 0 233895 1540689 2026-05-12T00:25:25Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lucía''' “'''Aling Lucing'''” '''Lagman Cunanan''' (27 Februari 1928 – 16 Aprili 2008) alikuwa mmiliki wa mgahawa kutoka [[Ufilipino]] anayejulikana sana kwa kuvumbua au angalau kuiboresha upya chakula cha sisig, mlo maarufu wa Kapampangan nchini Ufilipino na katika jamii za Wafilipino walioko nje ya nchi. Aling Lucing mara nyingi hutajwa kama “Malkia wa Sisig” kutokana na mchango wake mkubwa katika kuifanya sisig kuwa mlo maarufu kimataifa....' 1540689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucía''' “'''Aling Lucing'''” '''Lagman Cunanan''' (27 Februari 1928 – 16 Aprili 2008) alikuwa mmiliki wa mgahawa kutoka [[Ufilipino]] anayejulikana sana kwa kuvumbua au angalau kuiboresha upya chakula cha sisig, mlo maarufu wa Kapampangan nchini Ufilipino na katika jamii za Wafilipino walioko nje ya nchi. Aling Lucing mara nyingi hutajwa kama “Malkia wa Sisig” kutokana na mchango wake mkubwa katika kuifanya sisig kuwa mlo maarufu kimataifa. {{cite news|title= == Marejeo == {{cite news|title='Sisig Queen' murdered|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/89798/update-sisig-queen-murdered/story/|accessdate=March 31, 2018|agency=Sun.Star Pampanga|publisher=GMA News|date=April 17, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180331081210/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/regions/89798/update-sisig-queen-murdered/story/|archivedate=March 31, 2018}} {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufilipino]] 549jz6d6jehiv440esanw5b8xea2kdi 0 233896 1540690 2026-05-12T00:27:51Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sally Darr''' (18 Januari 1923 – 7 Novemba 2023) alikuwa mpishi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1991, alikuwa mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa Kifaransa wa aina ya bistro unaoitwa La Tulipe, uliopo Greenwich Village, New York City.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Green |first=Penelope |date=2023-11-16 |title=Sally Darr, Formidable Chef of '80s-Era French Bistro, Dies at 100 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=[https://www.nytimes...' 1540690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sally Darr''' (18 Januari 1923 – 7 Novemba 2023) alikuwa mpishi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi 1991, alikuwa mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa Kifaransa wa aina ya bistro unaoitwa La Tulipe, uliopo Greenwich Village, New York City.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Green |first=Penelope |date=2023-11-16 |title=Sally Darr, Formidable Chef of '80s-Era French Bistro, Dies at 100 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/16/dining/sally-darr-dead.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/16/dining/sally-darr-dead.html) |access-date=2023-11-22 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1923|2023}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] saj02r6vy0trtqw6jhhfnh6jwbw6lf5 0 233897 1540692 2026-05-12T00:30:51Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nora Guanzon Villanueva-Daza''' (2 Desemba 1928 – 13 Septemba 2013), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Chef Nora Daza''', alikuwa mpishi, mmiliki wa migahawa, kiongozi wa shughuli za kijamii, mtangazaji wa televisheni, na mwandishi maarufu wa vitabu vya mapishi kutoka [[Ufilipino]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A TASTEFUL EXCHANGE |url=[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/66391363.html?dids=66391363:66391363&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+26%2C+1989&author=...' 1540692 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nora Guanzon Villanueva-Daza''' (2 Desemba 1928 – 13 Septemba 2013), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Chef Nora Daza''', alikuwa mpishi, mmiliki wa migahawa, kiongozi wa shughuli za kijamii, mtangazaji wa televisheni, na mwandishi maarufu wa vitabu vya mapishi kutoka [[Ufilipino]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A TASTEFUL EXCHANGE |url=[https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/66391363.html?dids=66391363:66391363&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+26%2C+1989&author=MINNIE+BERNARDINO&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=A+TASTEFUL+EXCHANGE&pqatl=google](https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/66391363.html?dids=66391363:66391363&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+26%2C+1989&author=MINNIE+BERNARDINO&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=A+TASTEFUL+EXCHANGE&pqatl=google) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110525092233/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/66391363.html?dids=66391363:66391363&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+26,+1989&author=MINNIE+BERNARDINO&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=A+TASTEFUL+EXCHANGE&pqatl=google](https://web.archive.org/web/20110525092233/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/66391363.html?dids=66391363:66391363&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Jan+26,+1989&author=MINNIE+BERNARDINO&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=A+TASTEFUL+EXCHANGE&pqatl=google) |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 25, 2011 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 26, 1989 |accessdate=2008-11-04 | first=Minnie | last=Bernardino}}</ref> Daza anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wahusika wa kwanza waliobobea katika sanaa ya upishi nchini Ufilipino, na mara nyingi alitajwa kama “Julia Child wa Ufilipino” pamoja na kuwa balozi wa kwanza wa upishi wa nchi hiyo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Baga-Reyes|first=Vangie|date=September 14, 2013|title=Nora Daza, icon of cooking; 84|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|url=[https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/125469/nora-daza-icon-of-cooking-84/}}](https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/125469/nora-daza-icon-of-cooking-84/}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufilipino]] tki8xnt6wtjzqtw8n7i0xtr9c9mpak2 0 233898 1540693 2026-05-12T00:33:10Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Meeru Dhalwala''' ni mmiliki wa migahawa, mpishi, mzungumzaji wa umma, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi. Anajulikana kama mmoja wa watu mashuhuri mjini [[Vancouver]] wanaohamasisha ushiriki wa wanawake katika biashara, pamoja na masuala ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi, uendelevu wa mazingira, na mapishi ya nyumbani yenye afya na ustadi. Alikuwa mmiliki mwenza wa migahawa ya Vij's na Rangoli , na kwa sasa ni mmiliki mwenza wa mgahawa wa Lila uliopo Vanco...' 1540693 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meeru Dhalwala''' ni mmiliki wa migahawa, mpishi, mzungumzaji wa umma, na mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi. Anajulikana kama mmoja wa watu mashuhuri mjini [[Vancouver]] wanaohamasisha ushiriki wa wanawake katika biashara, pamoja na masuala ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi, uendelevu wa mazingira, na mapishi ya nyumbani yenye afya na ustadi. Alikuwa mmiliki mwenza wa migahawa ya Vij's na Rangoli , na kwa sasa ni mmiliki mwenza wa mgahawa wa Lila uliopo [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].<ref>[[https://nationalpost.com/life/Insider+Guide+Vancouver/1690295/story.html](https://nationalpost.com/life/Insider+Guide+Vancouver/1690295/story.html) "The Insider's Guide: Vikram Vij takes you through Vancouver"], ''[[National Post]]'', 12 Juni 2009.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] 9jwdi1fvhoz6vwc1h5693fkbkt92cu0 0 233899 1540695 2026-05-12T00:35:57Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''María Fernanda Di Giacobbe''' (amezaliwa 1964) ni mtengenezaji wa chokoleti (chocolatier), mpishi na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Venezuela]]. Mwaka 2016 alitunukiwa tuzo ya kwanza ya Basque Culinary World Prize, tuzo ya kimataifa inayotolewa kila mwaka na Serikali ya Basque pamoja na Basque Culinary Center. == Wasifu == Di Giacobbe alikulia katika familia ya wapishi na watu wa vyakula, ambapo tangu kwa bibi yake wote walihusika na upishi au utengenezaji wa...' 1540695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Fernanda Di Giacobbe''' (amezaliwa 1964) ni mtengenezaji wa chokoleti (chocolatier), mpishi na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Venezuela]]. Mwaka 2016 alitunukiwa tuzo ya kwanza ya Basque Culinary World Prize, tuzo ya kimataifa inayotolewa kila mwaka na Serikali ya Basque pamoja na Basque Culinary Center. == Wasifu == Di Giacobbe alikulia katika familia ya wapishi na watu wa vyakula, ambapo tangu kwa bibi yake wote walihusika na upishi au utengenezaji wa vitindamlo. Katika miaka ya 1940, familia yake ilianzisha duka dogo karibu na nyumba yao lililouza matunda, mboga na kuku.<ref name="Further2">{{cite news|last=Levy|first=Tal|title=María Fernanda Di Giacobbe: "El cacao es la identidad del ser venezolano"|url=[https://theobjective.com/further/maria-fernanda-di-giacobbe-el-cacao-es-la-identidad-del-ser-venezolano/|access-date=26](https://theobjective.com/further/maria-fernanda-di-giacobbe-el-cacao-es-la-identidad-del-ser-venezolano/|access-date=26) March 2021|publisher=Further|date=2 September 2016|archive-date=19 June 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210619033348/https://theobjective.com/further/maria-fernanda-di-giacobbe-el-cacao-es-la-identidad-del-ser-venezolano|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210619033348/https://theobjective.com/further/maria-fernanda-di-giacobbe-el-cacao-es-la-identidad-del-ser-venezolano|url-status=dead}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Venezuela]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0uh9zyar2mx9kxainfobekynh2oew0j 0 233900 1540698 2026-05-12T00:40:17Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marta Dymek''' (amezaliwa 3 Julai 1990) ni mpishi kutoka [[Polandi|Polandi]], mblogi, mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi, na mtetezi wa upishi wa vyakula vya mimea. == Maisha ya awali == Dymek alikulia mjini Wrocław, Poland. Alisoma katika Shule ya Upili Na. 14 ya Wrocław, kisha akahitimu katika University of Wrocław katika taaluma ya Masomo Huru ya Kitaaluma ya Binadamu na Sayansi ya Jamii, pamoja na kusoma masomo ya jinsia katika Taasisi ya Utafiti w...' 1540698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marta Dymek''' (amezaliwa 3 Julai 1990) ni mpishi kutoka [[Polandi|Polandi]], mblogi, mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi, na mtetezi wa upishi wa vyakula vya mimea. == Maisha ya awali == Dymek alikulia mjini Wrocław, Poland. Alisoma katika Shule ya Upili Na. 14 ya Wrocław, kisha akahitimu katika University of Wrocław katika taaluma ya Masomo Huru ya Kitaaluma ya Binadamu na Sayansi ya Jamii, pamoja na kusoma masomo ya jinsia katika Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Fasihi ya Chuo cha Sayansi cha Poland. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake, alihamia Warsaw. == Kazi ya upishi == Mwaka 2010, Dymek alianzisha blogu ya mapishi iitwayo ''Jadłonomia'', ambapo hushiriki mapishi ya vyakula vya mimea. Jina la blogu hiyo linatokana na mchanganyiko wa neno la Kipolandi {{lang|pl|jadło}} (“chakula”) na kiambishi {{lang|pl|-onomia}}. Mwaka 2013, blogu yake ilishinda shindano la kitaifa la Blogu Bora ya Mwaka katika kitengo cha upishi. Baada ya tuzo hiyo, alianza kuchapisha mapishi yake katika jarida la ''Kuchnia'', na baadaye akachapisha kitabu chake cha kwanza *Jadłonomia: 100 Recipes Not Only for Vegans*. Mnamo Septemba 2015, kitabu hicho kiliwasilishwa katika banda la Poland kwenye maonyesho ya Expo 2015.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2018-09-23|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180923200705/https://www.iwp.com.pl/projekty_expo2015|author=SUPERMEDIA](https://web.archive.org/web/20180923200705/https://www.iwp.com.pl/projekty_expo2015|author=SUPERMEDIA) Interactive|title=IWP – Expo 2015|url=[https://www.iwp.com.pl/projekty_expo2015|website=iwp.com.pl}}](https://www.iwp.com.pl/projekty_expo2015|website=iwp.com.pl}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Polandi]] d4m0qutqlihpkdd8n3afde5l4733y8y 0 233901 1540699 2026-05-12T00:45:08Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Cherish Finden''' (amezaliwa 20 Desemba 1967) ni mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) aliyezaliwa [[Singapuri|Singapuri]]. Alizaliwa nchini [[Singapuri]] na baadaye akapata mafunzo ya kuwa mpishi wa vitamu. Baada ya kuhamia Uingereza, alifanya kazi kama mpishi mkuu katika hoteli na migahawa mbalimbali na alishinda tuzo nyingi kutokana na ujuzi wake. Tangu mwaka 2016, amekuwa mmoja wa majaji katika kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Bake Off: The Professional...' 1540699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cherish Finden''' (amezaliwa 20 Desemba 1967) ni mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) aliyezaliwa [[Singapuri|Singapuri]]. Alizaliwa nchini [[Singapuri]] na baadaye akapata mafunzo ya kuwa mpishi wa vitamu. Baada ya kuhamia Uingereza, alifanya kazi kama mpishi mkuu katika hoteli na migahawa mbalimbali na alishinda tuzo nyingi kutokana na ujuzi wake. Tangu mwaka 2016, amekuwa mmoja wa majaji katika kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Bake Off: The Professionals''. == Maisha na kazi == === Maisha ya awali na taaluma ya upishi === Finden alizaliwa tarehe 20 Desemba 1967 huko [[Singapuri]].<ref name="langham">{{cite web |title=Cherish Finden, the executive pastry chef at The Langham Hotel London |url=[https://cacao-barry.com/en-GB/chocolate-recipe/blog/cherish-finden-interview](https://cacao-barry.com/en-GB/chocolate-recipe/blog/cherish-finden-interview) |website=Cacao Barry |access-date=20 Agosti 2023 |archive-date=3 Februari 2023 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230203055047/https://www.cacao-barry.com/en-GB/chocolate-recipe/blog/cherish-finden-interview](https://web.archive.org/web/20230203055047/https://www.cacao-barry.com/en-GB/chocolate-recipe/blog/cherish-finden-interview) |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Singapuri]] i8lf8a9ys2a35q4ohflm8l4js21qxf1 0 233902 1540700 2026-05-12T00:51:31Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lillian Elidah''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Zambia]], mhitimu wa Cesar Ritz Culinary Arts Academy nchini [[Uswisi]] na sasa anamiliki na kuendesha mgahawa wake unaoitwa Twaala, mjini [[Lusaka|Lusaka]], Zambia. == Career == Lillian Elidah alizaliwa [[Lusaka|Lusaka]], [[Zambia]], lakini sehemu kubwa ya utoto wake aliishi nchini [[Sweden|Sweden]], ambapo alihitimu chuo kikuu. Aliamua kuwa mpishi mtaalamu, na akasomea katika Cesar Ritz Culinary Arts Academy nchin...' 1540700 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillian Elidah''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Zambia]], mhitimu wa Cesar Ritz Culinary Arts Academy nchini [[Uswisi]] na sasa anamiliki na kuendesha mgahawa wake unaoitwa Twaala, mjini [[Lusaka|Lusaka]], Zambia. == Career == Lillian Elidah alizaliwa [[Lusaka|Lusaka]], [[Zambia]], lakini sehemu kubwa ya utoto wake aliishi nchini [[Sweden|Sweden]], ambapo alihitimu chuo kikuu. Aliamua kuwa mpishi mtaalamu, na akasomea katika Cesar Ritz Culinary Arts Academy nchini Uswisi ambapo alipata Shahada ya Foundation katika Sanaa za Upishi.<ref name="lusaka">{{cite news|title=Mahojiano na Mpishi Mtaalamu Lillian Elidah Daka-Mumba|url=[https://www.lusakatimes.com/2012/01/25/interview-professional-chef-lillian-elidah-dakamumba/|accessdate=16](https://www.lusakatimes.com/2012/01/25/interview-professional-chef-lillian-elidah-dakamumba/|accessdate=16) Novemba 2017|work=Lusaka Times|date=25 Januari 2012|archive-date=19 Oktoba 2012|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121019222330/http://www.lusakatimes.com/2012/01/25/interview-professional-chef-lillian-elidah-dakamumba/|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20121019222330/http://www.lusakatimes.com/2012/01/25/interview-professional-chef-lillian-elidah-dakamumba/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Zambia]] f8os0k7yrlpq27ve13m74dgoeqob0vj 0 233903 1540701 2026-05-12T00:55:01Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fu Pei-mei''' ( 1 Oktoba 1931 – 16 Septemba 2004) alikuwa mpishi [[Taiwan]]i wa jamii ya waishengren. Aliandika zaidi ya vitabu 30 vya mapishi kuhusu mapishi ya Kichina, na alitayarisha na kuendesha vipindi vya upishi kwenye Taiwan Television na kituo cha Japan NHK. Mwaka 2012, baada ya kufariki, alitunukiwa tuzo maalumu katika sherehe ya 47 ya Golden Bell Awards. == Maisha == Fu alizaliwa mwaka 1931 katika Dalian, wakati huo ikiwa chini ya utawala w...' 1540701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fu Pei-mei''' ( 1 Oktoba 1931 – 16 Septemba 2004) alikuwa mpishi [[Taiwan]]i wa jamii ya waishengren. Aliandika zaidi ya vitabu 30 vya mapishi kuhusu mapishi ya Kichina, na alitayarisha na kuendesha vipindi vya upishi kwenye Taiwan Television na kituo cha Japan NHK. Mwaka 2012, baada ya kufariki, alitunukiwa tuzo maalumu katika sherehe ya 47 ya Golden Bell Awards. == Maisha == Fu alizaliwa mwaka 1931 katika Dalian, wakati huo ikiwa chini ya utawala wa Japani. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, aliondoka mjini humo kutokana na athari za Vita vya Kiraia vya China, na baadaye akafanya kazi ya ukarani, ambapo kampuni aliyokuwa akifanyia kazi ilitoa milo kwa wafanyakazi wake.<ref>{{cite journal |last=King |first=Michelle T. |title=The Julia Child of Chinese Cooking, or the Fu Pei-mei of French Food?: Comparative Contexts of Female Culinary Celebrity |journal=[[Gastronomica]] |volume=18 |issue=1 |date=Spring 2018 |pages=15–26 |doi=10.1525/gfc.2018.18.1.15 |jstor=26362502 |quote=As a result,[...]including Fu herself.[...] These war-time refugees, who came to be known as "mainlanders" (waishengren,[...] |quote-page=16}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fu Pei-mei}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Taiwan]] sds526m1smdw4ti7uxuh9f5o3k14ho6 0 233904 1540702 2026-05-12T00:57:22Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lorena Garcia''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Venezuela]] ambaye ameanzisha migahawa mingi na kupata umaarufu kupitia kuonekana kwake katika vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni. Anajulikana kwa migahawa anayoimiliki katika viwanja vya ndege mbalimbali nchini [[United States|Marekani]], pamoja na kushiriki katika kipindi cha ''Top Chef Masters''. Garcia pia amechapisha kitabu chake cha mapishi na pia ameanzisha safu ya vifaa vya jikoni, huku akijitahidi pia kushu...' 1540702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorena Garcia''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Venezuela]] ambaye ameanzisha migahawa mingi na kupata umaarufu kupitia kuonekana kwake katika vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni. Anajulikana kwa migahawa anayoimiliki katika viwanja vya ndege mbalimbali nchini [[United States|Marekani]], pamoja na kushiriki katika kipindi cha ''[[Top Chef Masters''. Garcia pia amechapisha kitabu chake cha mapishi na pia ameanzisha safu ya vifaa vya jikoni, huku akijitahidi pia kushughulikia tatizo la unene uliopitiliza (obesity). == Maisha ya awali == Alizaliwa mjini [[Caracas|Caracas]], [[Venezuela]], Lorena alikulia akiwa pamoja na familia yake. Mama yake ni Blanca Ibáñez, mwanasiasa wa Venezuela aliyewahi kuwa katibu wa rais wa zamani wa Venezuela Jaime Lusinchi. Ibáñez alimuoa Lusinchi mnamo Septemba 1991. Lusinchi alikuja kuwa baba wa kambo wa Lorena hadi alipofariki Mei 2014. Akiwa mtoto, alikuwa akipika kwa ajili ya familia yake wakati wa mikusanyiko ya kifamilia. Alifurahisha familia yake kwa kupika, na anasema mafanikio yake yanatokana na uzoefu huo wa mapishi ya nyumbani.<ref name="cheflorenagarcia">{{cite web|last1=Garcia|first1=Lorena|title=Lorena Garcia|url=[http://www.cheflorenagarcia.com/page/biography|website=Chef](http://www.cheflorenagarcia.com/page/biography|website=Chef) Lorena Garcia|publisher=Chef Lorena Garcia Inc|accessdate=9 Machi 2015|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150311162845/http://www.cheflorenagarcia.com/page/biography|archive-date=11](https://web.archive.org/web/20150311162845/http://www.cheflorenagarcia.com/page/biography|archive-date=11) Machi 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970s|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Venezuela]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 79bb27f6z5k468z239xcjkv2kj6y4fg 0 233905 1540704 2026-05-12T00:59:38Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Magdalena Daria Gessler''' (née '''Ikonowicz''', pia anajulikana kama '''Magda Gessler'''; alizaliwa 10 Julai 1953) ni mtu wa televisheni wa Poland, [[mpishi]] mashuhuri, mmiliki wa migahawa na [[mchoraji]].<ref>Kuchenne rewolucje, kipindi cha televisheni cha Poland, 2009–2010</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gessler, Magdalena Daria}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Polandi]]' 1540704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Magdalena Daria Gessler''' (née '''Ikonowicz''', pia anajulikana kama '''Magda Gessler'''; alizaliwa 10 Julai 1953) ni mtu wa televisheni wa Poland, [[mpishi]] mashuhuri, mmiliki wa migahawa na [[mchoraji]].<ref>Kuchenne rewolucje, kipindi cha televisheni cha Poland, 2009–2010</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gessler, Magdalena Daria}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Polandi]] ttb9gypjjyopfjul1ezer3v2flql070 0 233906 1540705 2026-05-12T01:01:27Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sabrina Ghayour''' (alizaliwa 5 Januari 1976) ni mpishi, mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi na mwandishi wa vitabu kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Irani|Irani]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Tovuti rasmi ya Sabrina Ghayour|url=[http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28](http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28) Disemba 2014}}</ref> Yeye ni mwenyeji wa klabu ya chakula cha jioni iitwayo ‘Sabrina's Kitchen’ na alitoa kitabu chake cha kwanza cha mapishi, ''Per...' 1540705 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sabrina Ghayour''' (alizaliwa 5 Januari 1976) ni mpishi, mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi na mwandishi wa vitabu kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Irani|Irani]].<ref>{{cite web|title = Tovuti rasmi ya Sabrina Ghayour|url=[http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28](http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28) Disemba 2014}}</ref> Yeye ni mwenyeji wa klabu ya chakula cha jioni iitwayo ‘Sabrina's Kitchen’ na alitoa kitabu chake cha kwanza cha mapishi, ''Persiana'', mwezi Mei 2014.<ref name="OctopusPublishers">{{cite book|title= Persiana By Sabrina Ghayour| isbn=978-1-84533-910-4 |url = [https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/books/detail.page?isbn=9781845339104|accessdate=28](https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/books/detail.page?isbn=9781845339104|accessdate=28) Disemba 2014 | last1=Ghayour | first1=Sabrina | date=16 Mei 2024 | publisher=Mitchell Beazley }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7lbmlvak4efiv8e0zg0tnkvtl3jl56p 0 233907 1540709 2026-05-12T01:38:03Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elena Bonetti''' (alizaliwa 12 Aprili 1974) ni mwanasiasa na mwanahisabati wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama Waziri wa Familia na Fursa Sawa wa Italia kati ya mwaka 2019 na 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi/governo-draghi/composizione-del-governo/elena-bonetti|title=Elena Bonetti|publisher=Governo Italiano|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Kitaaluma, Bonetti ni profesa mshiriki wa uchambuzi wa hisabati katika Chuo Kikuu...' 1540709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elena Bonetti''' (alizaliwa 12 Aprili 1974) ni mwanasiasa na mwanahisabati wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama Waziri wa Familia na Fursa Sawa wa Italia kati ya mwaka 2019 na 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi/governo-draghi/composizione-del-governo/elena-bonetti|title=Elena Bonetti|publisher=Governo Italiano|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Kitaaluma, Bonetti ni profesa mshiriki wa uchambuzi wa hisabati katika Chuo Kikuu cha Milan. Alianza harakati zake za kijamii katika chama cha skauti cha AGESCI kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa kupitia [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/elena-bonetti/267675|title=Elena Bonetti|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2019, alijiunga na chama kipya cha [[Italia Viva]] kilichoanzishwa na Matteo Renzi. Akiwa waziri, alijulikana sana kwa kuanzisha mpango wa "Family Act", ambao ni mageuzi makubwa ya mfumo wa kusaidia familia nchini Italia. Kwa sasa, ni mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||Bonetti, Elena}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kxfzczyr84ubab7srss49gjyli0n8ui 0 233908 1540711 2026-05-12T01:41:43Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Margherita Boniver''' (alizaliwa 11 Machi 1938) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye amekuwa na wasifu mrefu katika siasa za nchi hiyo na kimataifa. == Wasifu == Boniver alikuwa mwanachama mashuhuri wa [[Chama cha Kijamaa cha Italia]] (PSI). Katika maisha yake ya kisiasa, amehudumu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali nchini Italia, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] na [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia|Baraza la Seneti]].<ref>{{cite...' 1540711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margherita Boniver''' (alizaliwa 11 Machi 1938) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye amekuwa na wasifu mrefu katika siasa za nchi hiyo na kimataifa. == Wasifu == Boniver alikuwa mwanachama mashuhuri wa [[Chama cha Kijamaa cha Italia]] (PSI). Katika maisha yake ya kisiasa, amehudumu katika nyadhifa mbalimbali nchini Italia, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] na [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia|Baraza la Seneti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/margherita-boniver-19380311|title=Margherita Boniver|publisher=Portale Storico della Camera dei Deputati|language=it}}</ref> Pia, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Masuala ya Ulaya (1991–1992) na Waziri wa Utalii na Burudani (1992–1993). Kimataifa, alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]]. Katika miaka ya baadaye, alijiunga na chama cha [[Forza Italia]] na kuhudumu kama Katibu Mdogo (Undersecretary) katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1577/MARGHERITA_BONIVER/history/2|title=Margherita BONIVER - History of parliamentary service|publisher=European Parliament|language=en}}</ref> Anajulikana pia kwa harakati zake za kutetea haki za binadamu duniani kote kupitia shirika la Amnesty International nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938||Boniver, Margherita}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fuoxh032nlvk0681hp1kgp2va899ek5 0 233909 1540712 2026-05-12T01:46:52Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vincenza Bono Parrino''' (alizaliwa 25 Novemba 1942) ni mwalimu mstaafu na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama [[Waziri wa Urithi wa Utamaduni na Mazingira wa Italia]] katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la De Mita|baraza la mawaziri]] lililoongozwa na [[Waziri Mkuu wa Italia|Waziri Mkuu]] [[Ciriaco De Mita]] kuanzia mwaka 1988 hadi 1989. == Wasifu == Bono Parrino alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Kijamaa cha Italia]] (PSDI). Alichagu...' 1540712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincenza Bono Parrino''' (alizaliwa 25 Novemba 1942) ni mwalimu mstaafu na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama [[Waziri wa Urithi wa Utamaduni na Mazingira wa Italia]] katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la De Mita|baraza la mawaziri]] lililoongozwa na [[Waziri Mkuu wa Italia|Waziri Mkuu]] [[Ciriaco De Mita]] kuanzia mwaka 1988 hadi 1989. == Wasifu == Bono Parrino alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Kijamaa cha Italia]] (PSDI). Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 1983 hadi 1994, akiwakilisha jimbo la [[Sicily]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/10/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00000331.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Vincenza BONO PARRINO - X Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Wakati wa uongozi wake kama waziri, alijulikana kwa jitihada za kulinda maeneo ya kihistoria na kuimarisha usimamizi wa makumbusho nchini Italia. Baada ya kustaafu siasa za kitaifa, aliendelea kujihusisha na masuala ya kijamii katika eneo lake la nyumbani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-de-mita#tab-component|title=I Governo De Mita|publisher=Portale Storico della Camera dei Deputati|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942||Bono Parrino, Vincenza}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mjijcc7j48afyoyfyr4ie6yn1l4uwww 0 233910 1540713 2026-05-12T01:50:12Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Simona Bordonali''' (alizaliwa 1 Agosti 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307601&idpersona=307601&idlegislatura=19|title=Bordonali Simona – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bordonali ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Kuanz...' 1540713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simona Bordonali''' (alizaliwa 1 Agosti 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307601&idpersona=307601&idlegislatura=19|title=Bordonali Simona – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bordonali ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018, alihudumu kama [[Assessor (Italia)|mshauri (assessor)]] wa usalama, ulinzi wa raia, na uhamiaji katika mkoa wa [[Lombardy]] chini ya uongozi wa Roberto Maroni.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dait.interno.gov.it/documenti/trasparenza/POLITICHE_20220925/CAMERA_ITALIA_20220925/candidati/CI04/CP042/420689/1353677/6836_420689_1353677_simona_bordonali_25092022_cv.pdf|title=Bordonali Simona|publisher=[[:it:Dipartimento per gli affari interni e territoriali|Department of Internal and Territorial Affairs]]|language=it}}</ref> Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2018, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge na kurejea tena katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2022. Amekuwa akijihusisha kikamilifu na masuala ya usalama wa ndani na utawala wa maeneo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971||Bordonali, Simona}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] grf8tvuf5fi2vw8er42ewcj6hna1obx 0 233911 1540714 2026-05-12T01:53:11Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lucia Borgonzoni''' (alizaliwa 18 Septemba 1976) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama Katibu Mdogo (Undersecretary) wa [[Wizara ya Urithi wa Utamaduni na Shughuli za Italia]] katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte I]]. == Wasifu == Borgonzoni ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Alihitimu katika fani ya sanaa ya picha (visual arts) katika Chuo cha Sanaa cha Bologna. Alianza harakati zake za...' 1540714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucia Borgonzoni''' (alizaliwa 18 Septemba 1976) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama Katibu Mdogo (Undersecretary) wa [[Wizara ya Urithi wa Utamaduni na Shughuli za Italia]] katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte I]]. == Wasifu == Borgonzoni ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Alihitimu katika fani ya sanaa ya picha (visual arts) katika Chuo cha Sanaa cha Bologna. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika mji wa Bologna, ambapo alikuwa mgombea wa nafasi ya meya mnamo mwaka 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00032594.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Lucia BORGONZONI - XVIII Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Mbali na kuhudumu katika serikali ya kwanza ya Giuseppe Conte, aliteuliwa tena kushika nafasi hiyo ya ukatibu mdogo wa utamaduni katika serikali ya Mario Draghi mwaka 2021 na kuendelea katika serikali ya Giorgia Meloni mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/lucia-borgonzoni/212351|title=Lucia Borgonzoni|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1976||Borgonzoni, Lucia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7i6s6e4f7ov9cwr7x31fo37115kopei 0 233912 1540715 2026-05-12T01:56:52Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laura Bottici''' (alizaliwa 3 Julai 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Amekuwa Seneta katika Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Laura BOTTICI - XVII Legislatura|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00029053.htm|access-date=2021-12-23|website=www.senato.it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Carrara]], na...' 1540715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Bottici''' (alizaliwa 3 Julai 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Amekuwa Seneta katika Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Laura BOTTICI - XVII Legislatura|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00029053.htm|access-date=2021-12-23|website=www.senato.it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Carrara]], na kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa alifanya kazi katika sekta ya utawala. Bottici alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika bunge la kumi na saba (XVII) na kurejea tena katika bunge la kumi na nane (XVIII). Mnamo mwaka 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa mweka hazina (Questore) wa Baraza la Seneti, nafasi inayohusika na usimamizi wa rasilimali na utaratibu wa ndani wa baraza hilo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/laura-bottici/301777|title=Laura Bottici|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake katika masuala ya uwazi wa matumizi ya umma na kupunguza gharama za siasa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971||Bottici, Laura}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h5uaycacrercjzrw1nvq0shj9c2o66e 1540944 1540715 2026-05-12T11:24:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Bottici''' (alizaliwa 3 Julai 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] kutoka chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Amekuwa Seneta katika Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Laura BOTTICI - XVII Legislatura|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00029053.htm|access-date=2021-12-23|website=www.senato.it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Carrara]], na kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa alifanya kazi katika sekta ya utawala. Bottici alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika bunge la kumi na saba (XVII) na kurejea tena katika bunge la kumi na nane (XVIII). Mnamo mwaka 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa mweka hazina (Questore) wa Baraza la Seneti, nafasi inayohusika na usimamizi wa rasilimali na utaratibu wa ndani wa baraza hilo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/persone/laura-bottici/301777|title=Laura Bottici|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake katika masuala ya uwazi wa matumizi ya umma na kupunguza gharama za siasa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971||Bottici, Laura}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2u7lm5t1qe5ng4hv63vuc2hw8hhod39 0 233913 1540716 2026-05-12T02:01:39Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Chiara Braga''' (alizaliwa 2 Septemba 1979 mjini [[Como]]) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye amehudumu katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2008. == Wasifu == Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2008, na alichaguliwa tena katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013 na 2013, Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018|2018, na Uchaguz...' 1540716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chiara Braga''' (alizaliwa 2 Septemba 1979 mjini [[Como]]) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye amehudumu katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2008. == Wasifu == Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2008, na alichaguliwa tena katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013 na 2013, Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018|2018, na Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022 na 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/chiara-braga-capogruppo-pd-camera|title=Chi è Chiara Braga, eletta capogruppo del Pd alla Camera|publisher=[[Sky TG24]]|date=28 March 2023|language=it}}</ref> Tangu Machi 2023, amehudumu kama kiongozi wa kundi la wabunge wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia katika baraza hilo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2023/03/28/chiara-braga-nuova-capogruppo-pd-alla-camera_78c77f56-0bf4-4230-bbc8-b85e302efb66.html|title=Chiara Braga nuova capogruppo Pd alla Camera|publisher=[[Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata]]|date=28 March 2023|language=it}}</ref> Kitaaluma, Braga ni mtaalamu wa mipango miji (urban planner), na bungeni amekuwa akijihusisha sana na masuala ya mazingira, miundombinu, na ulinzi wa ardhi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979||Braga, Chiara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2n58a03irlcfp0focvabbitsgujyasj 0 233914 1540717 2026-05-12T02:04:29Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Rita Bramerini''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1968) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama [[Assessor (Italia)|mshauri wa mkoa (assessor)]] wa Uchumi na Utalii (2005–2007) na wa Mazingira (2007–2015) katika serikali ya mkoa wa [[Tuscany]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Grosseto]] na kusomea masuala ya fasihi na falsafa. Bramerini ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD). Katika kipindi chake aki...' 1540717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Rita Bramerini''' (alizaliwa 25 Agosti 1968) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama [[Assessor (Italia)|mshauri wa mkoa (assessor)]] wa Uchumi na Utalii (2005–2007) na wa Mazingira (2007–2015) katika serikali ya mkoa wa [[Tuscany]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Grosseto]] na kusomea masuala ya fasihi na falsafa. Bramerini ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD). Katika kipindi chake akiwa mshauri wa mazingira, alisimamia miradi muhimu ya nishati mbadala na ulinzi wa vyanzo vya maji katika mkoa wa Tuscany.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regione.toscana.it/-/anna-rita-bramerini|title=Anna Rita Bramerini - Regione Toscana|publisher=Regione Toscana|language=it}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza muda wake serikalini, mnamo mwaka 2015 aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa chama cha wafanyabiashara wadogo na wa kati (CNA) katika mkoa wa Grosseto.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lanazione.it/grosseto/cronaca/anna-rita-bramerini-cna-1.1278453|title=Anna Rita Bramerini alla guida della Cna|work=[[La Nazione]]|date=4 Septemba 2015|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968||Bramerini, Anna Rita}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] czpqhfxmn6i6wx9qerd43ty093kqe92 0 233915 1540718 2026-05-12T02:07:44Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Beatrice Brignone''' (alizaliwa 31 Januari 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha [[Possible (Italia)|Possible]] (kwa Kiitaliano: ''Possibile'') kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2024. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2018. == Wasifu == Brignone alizaliwa mjini [[Senigallia]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni mwanasheria. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|...' 1540718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatrice Brignone''' (alizaliwa 31 Januari 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha [[Possible (Italia)|Possible]] (kwa Kiitaliano: ''Possibile'') kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2024. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2018. == Wasifu == Brignone alizaliwa mjini [[Senigallia]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni mwanasheria. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD), lakini alikihama chama hicho mwaka 2015 akifuata nyayo za Giuseppe Civati ili kuanzisha chama kipya cha mrengo wa kushoto cha ''Possibile''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=306560&idLegislatura=17|title=BRIGNONE Beatrice - POSSIBILE|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2018, alichaguliwa kuwa Katibu wa chama cha ''Possibile'', nafasi aliyoishika hadi alipojiuzulu mnamo mwaka 2024. Katika kipindi chake bungeni na kama kiongozi wa chama, amekuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa haki za kijamii, usawa wa kijinsia, na masuala ya mazingira.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/beatrice-brignone/711200|title=Beatrice Brignone|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978||Brignone, Beatrice}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] k03f7hxpuyzafy8es7lrr3n93onp300 0 233916 1540720 2026-05-12T02:10:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amalia Cecilia Bruni''' (alizaliwa 3 Aprili 1955) ni daktari wa mfumo wa neva (neurologist) na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-10 |title=Chi è Amalia Bruni, la candidata PD-M5S alle regionali in Calabria? |url=https://www.money.it/Amalia-Bruni-biografia-sondaggi-candidata-PD-M5S-elezioni-Calabria |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=Money.it |language=it-IT}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bruni anajulikana kimataifa kwa utafiti wake juu ya ugo...' 1540720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amalia Cecilia Bruni''' (alizaliwa 3 Aprili 1955) ni daktari wa mfumo wa neva (neurologist) na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-10 |title=Chi è Amalia Bruni, la candidata PD-M5S alle regionali in Calabria? |url=https://www.money.it/Amalia-Bruni-biografia-sondaggi-candidata-PD-M5S-elezioni-Calabria |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=Money.it |language=it-IT}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bruni anajulikana kimataifa kwa utafiti wake juu ya ugonjwa wa [[Alzheimer]], akiwa amegundua jeni ya ''presenilin 1'' inayohusika na ugonjwa huo. Alikuwa mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Kikanda cha Neurogenetics (CRN) huko Lamezia Terme. Katika siasa, alikuwa mgombea wa [[Muungano wa mrengo wa kushoto-kati]] kwa nafasi ya [[Rais wa Calabria]] katika [[Uchaguzi wa kikanda wa Calabria wa 2021]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lametino7 |title=Sanità, Bruni: 'Bando specializzandi solo propaganda' |url=http://www.lametino.it/Calabria/sanita-bruni-bando-specializzandi-solo-propaganda.html |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=il Lametino.it - il giornale di Lamezia Terme e del lametino |language=it-it}}</ref> Tangu tarehe 29 Oktoba 2021, amehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Calabria]], ambapo anaongoza upinzani dhidi ya serikali ya mkoa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955||Bruni, Amalia Cecilia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] afae9lly65bg3cyjvfnpvkuj0sbyrgp 0 233917 1540721 2026-05-12T02:14:00Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carmela Bucalo''' (alizaliwa 28 Juni 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane (Legislature XVIII).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307379&idLegislatura=18|title=BUCALO Carmela - FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bu...' 1540721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carmela Bucalo''' (alizaliwa 28 Juni 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]] kwa ajili ya bunge la kumi na nane (Legislature XVIII).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307379&idLegislatura=18|title=BUCALO Carmela - FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bucalo ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] (FdI). Kitaaluma, amefanya kazi katika sekta ya elimu kama mkurugenzi wa utawala (DSGA). Katika bunge la kumi na nane, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kazi ya Umma na Binafsi. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] (Seneta) akikiwakilisha jimbo la [[Sicily]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00032856.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Carmela BUCALO - XIX Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Anajulikana sana kwa utetezi wake katika masuala ya marekebisho ya sheria za elimu na haki za wafanyakazi wa shule. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963||Bucalo, Carmela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] a8rmzbb5i3lrgvru3vv8d0luy1vac40 0 233918 1540723 2026-05-12T02:18:33Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Maria Bucciarelli''' (alizaliwa 18 Aprili 1949) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa seneta katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] akikiwakilisha chama cha [[Democratic Party of the Left]], muungano wa [[Alliance of Progressives]] na [[The Olive Tree (Italia)|The Olive Tree]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Impruneta]] na kuanza harakati zake za kisiasa katika mkoa wa [[Tuscany]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1992 na kuhudumu k...' 1540723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Maria Bucciarelli''' (alizaliwa 18 Aprili 1949) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa seneta katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] akikiwakilisha chama cha [[Democratic Party of the Left]], muungano wa [[Alliance of Progressives]] na [[The Olive Tree (Italia)|The Olive Tree]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Impruneta]] na kuanza harakati zake za kisiasa katika mkoa wa [[Tuscany]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1992 na kuhudumu katika mabunge ya kumi na moja (XI), kumi na mbili (XII), na kumi na tatu (XIII).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/13/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00000399.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Anna Maria BUCCIARELLI - XIII Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Wakati wa uongozi wake bungeni, alihudumu kama Katibu wa Ofisi ya Rais wa Seneti na alikuwa mjumbe wa kamati mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na Kamati ya Elimu na Urithi wa Utamaduni. Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake katika kutetea haki za wanawake na maendeleo ya kijamii.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/anna-maria-bucciarelli-19490418|title=Anna Maria Bucciarelli|publisher=Portale Storico della Camera dei Deputati|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1949||Bucciarelli, Anna Maria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3hetm2776an0l83vx01o424naa01kvo 0 233919 1540724 2026-05-12T02:21:36Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Renata Bueno''' (alizaliwa 10 Novemba 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] na [[Italia]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018, alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] akikiwakilisha jimbo la Amerika ya Kusini.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=306247&idLegislatura=17|title=Bueno Renata – Misto|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bueno ni binti wa mwanasiasa...' 1540724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Renata Bueno''' (alizaliwa 10 Novemba 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] na [[Italia]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018, alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] akikiwakilisha jimbo la Amerika ya Kusini.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=306247&idLegislatura=17|title=Bueno Renata – Misto|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bueno ni binti wa mwanasiasa wa Brazil, Rubens Bueno. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa nchini Brazil, ambapo katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Brazil wa 2006]], alikuwa mgombea wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/vida-publica/no-trilho-dos-pais-jovens-tentam-vaga-de-deputado-a4nx3k226pj46qvysgoir5j66/|title=No trilho dos pais, jovens tentam vaga de deputado|work=[[Gazeta do Povo]]|date=20 July 2006|language=pt}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2009 hadi 2012, alihudumu kama diwani katika [[Baraza la Manispaa la Curitiba]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.curitiba.pr.leg.br/informacao/nossa-memoria/galeria-de-vereadoras/vereadoras/renata-bueno|title=Renata Bueno|publisher=[[Municipal Chamber of Curitiba]]|language=pt}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2013, alikuwa mwanasiasa wa kwanza kuzaliwa nchini Brazil kuchaguliwa katika Bunge la Italia. Akiwa mbunge nchini Italia, alijikita zaidi katika kuimarisha uhusiano wa kidiplomasia na kibiashara kati ya Italia na nchi za Amerika ya Kusini.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jornalopcao.com.br/bastidores/jovem-de-brasilia-e-deputada-na-italia-e-filha-de-um-deputado-do-pps-108432/|title=Jovem de Brasília é deputada na Itália. É filha de um deputado do PPS|work=Jornal Opção|date=27 October 2017|language=pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979||Bueno, Renata}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] itzm5wnayqchls0t58frm37ljkwlh88 0 233920 1540725 2026-05-12T02:24:14Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ilaria Bugetti''' (alizaliwa 9 Novemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Tuscany]] (2015–2024) na amekuwa [[Meya wa Prato]] tangu mwaka 2024.<ref name=regione>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consiglio.regione.toscana.it/consiglieri/scheda?id=459|title=Ilaria Bugetti|publisher=Regional Council of Tuscany|access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bugetti ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (It...' 1540725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilaria Bugetti''' (alizaliwa 9 Novemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Tuscany]] (2015–2024) na amekuwa [[Meya wa Prato]] tangu mwaka 2024.<ref name=regione>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consiglio.regione.toscana.it/consiglieri/scheda?id=459|title=Ilaria Bugetti|publisher=Regional Council of Tuscany|access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bugetti ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD). Kabla ya kujiunga na baraza la mkoa, alihudumu kama Meya wa Cantagallo kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2014. Katika kipindi chake ndani ya Baraza la Kikanda la Tuscany, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kamati ya tatu inayoshughulikia masuala ya uchumi na maendeleo. Mnamo Juni 2024, aliandika historia kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuchaguliwa kuwa Meya wa [[Prato]], mji ambao ni kitovu muhimu cha viwanda nchini Italia. Alishinda uchaguzi huo katika duru ya kwanza kwa kupata zaidi ya asilimia 52 ya kura. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973||Bugetti, Ilaria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rvdhhbwmmf30tjozswgh9d0g857v5a3 1540918 1540725 2026-05-12T10:39:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilaria Bugetti''' (alizaliwa 9 Novemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Tuscany]] (2015–2024) na amekuwa [[Meya wa Prato]] tangu mwaka 2024.<ref name=regione>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.consiglio.regione.toscana.it/consiglieri/scheda?id=459|title=Ilaria Bugetti|publisher=Regional Council of Tuscany|access-date=10 July 2025}}</ref> == Wasifu == Bugetti ni mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]] (PD). Kabla ya kujiunga na baraza la mkoa, alihudumu kama Meya wa Cantagallo kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2014. Katika kipindi chake ndani ya Baraza la Kikanda la Tuscany, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kamati ya tatu inayoshughulikia masuala ya uchumi na maendeleo. Mnamo Juni 2024, aliandika historia kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuchaguliwa kuwa Meya wa [[Prato]], mji ambao ni kitovu muhimu cha viwanda nchini Italia. Alishinda uchaguzi huo katika duru ya kwanza kwa kupata zaidi ya asilimia 52 ya kura. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973||Bugetti, Ilaria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 417lt3x0iieu3sxwy89gk8sb9h0156f 0 233921 1540728 2026-05-12T02:27:17Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Antonella Moro Bundu''' (alizaliwa 4 Desemba 1969) ni mwanasiasa na mwanaharakati wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama diwani wa mji wa [[Florence]] kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2024, akiongoza kundi la upinzani la mrengo wa kushoto liitwalo "Sinistra Progetto Comune".<ref>https://amministrazionetrasparente.comune.fi.it/antonella-moro-bundu</ref> == Wasifu == Bundu alizaliwa mjini Florence akiwa na asili ya Sierra Leone kupitia kwa baba yake. Alijizolea umaaru...' 1540728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonella Moro Bundu''' (alizaliwa 4 Desemba 1969) ni mwanasiasa na mwanaharakati wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama diwani wa mji wa [[Florence]] kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2024, akiongoza kundi la upinzani la mrengo wa kushoto liitwalo "Sinistra Progetto Comune".<ref>https://amministrazionetrasparente.comune.fi.it/antonella-moro-bundu</ref> == Wasifu == Bundu alizaliwa mjini Florence akiwa na asili ya Sierra Leone kupitia kwa baba yake. Alijizolea umaarufu mkubwa mwaka 2019 alipokuwa mwanamke wa kwanza mweusi kugombea nafasi ya Meya wa Florence kwa niaba ya muungano wa vyama vya mrengo wa kushoto. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi katika sekta ya usimamizi wa matukio na utamaduni, na anajulikana sana kwa harakati zake dhidi ya ubaguzi wa rangi na kutetea haki za walio wachache nchini Italia. Katika kipindi chake ndani ya baraza la mji, alikuwa mstari wa mbele katika kupigania makazi bora, usawa wa kijamii, na utunzaji wa mazingira. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1969||Bundu, Antonella Moro}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Italia]] 1by0kdqs3ahhj0pif60rtmtjg0xqn4m 0 233922 1540729 2026-05-12T02:30:02Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alice Buonguerrieri''' (alizaliwa 4 Septemba 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=308937&idpersona=308937&idlegislatura=19|title=Buonguerrieri Alice – FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Buonguerrieri ni mwanachama wa chama cha Brothers...' 1540729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alice Buonguerrieri''' (alizaliwa 4 Septemba 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=308937&idpersona=308937&idlegislatura=19|title=Buonguerrieri Alice – FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Buonguerrieri ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] (FdI). Tangu mwaka 2021, amehudumu kama mratibu wa chama hicho katika [[Mkoa wa Forlì-Cesena]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/cesena/cronaca/fdi-buonguerrieri-promossa-diventa-coordinatrice-provinciale-ab64c555|title=Fdi, Buonguerrieri promossa Diventa coordinatrice provinciale|work=[[il Resto del Carlino]]|date=15 October 2021|language=it}}</ref> Kitaaluma, yeye ni mwanasheria. Katika bunge la kumi na tisa (XIX), amekuwa akishiriki kikamilifu katika Kamati ya Sheria, akijikita katika masuala ya mageuzi ya kisheria na usalama wa raia. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2022, alichaguliwa kupitia jimbo la Emilia-Romagna. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978||Buonguerrieri, Alice}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] e2tygpy3oa1rhcadq1v2ypk475ajy1m 0 233923 1540731 2026-05-12T02:33:02Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Francesca Businarolo''' (alizaliwa 11 Julai 1983) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2022, alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/18-305602|title=Francesca Businarolo|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Businarolo ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Kitaaluma ni mwanasheria, na alicha...' 1540731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesca Businarolo''' (alizaliwa 11 Julai 1983) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2022, alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/18-305602|title=Francesca Businarolo|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Businarolo ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Kitaaluma ni mwanasheria, na alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza bungeni katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2013 na kurejea tena mwaka 2018. Kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2020, alihudumu kama Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Sheria (Justice Committee) katika Baraza la Wawakilishi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento18.openpolis.it/parlamentare/businarolo-francesca/687291|title=On. Francesca Businarolo|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alijulikana sana kwa harakati zake za kutetea sheria za kuwalinda watoa taarifa za ufisadi (whistleblowers) na mageuzi ya mfumo wa kisheria nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983||Businarolo, Francesca}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gc5aw7p660n1fawbkufnasyvg6z4gq2 0 233924 1540742 2026-05-12T05:10:33Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marina Elvira Calderone''' (alizaliwa 30 Julai 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii wa Italia]] katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è Marina Calderone, la nuova ministra del Lavoro |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/marina-calderone-ministro-lavoro-politiche-sociali |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=tg24.sky.it |date=22...' 1540742 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marina Elvira Calderone''' (alizaliwa 30 Julai 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii wa Italia]] katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è Marina Calderone, la nuova ministra del Lavoro |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/marina-calderone-ministro-lavoro-politiche-sociali |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=tg24.sky.it |date=22 October 2022 |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Calderone alizaliwa mjini [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na serikali, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya kazi. Kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama Rais wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Washauri wa Kazi (National Council of the Order of Labour Consultants).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavoro.gov.it/il-ministero/ministro-del-lavoro-e-delle-politiche-sociali/Pagine/biografia.aspx|title=Biografia del Ministro Marina Elvira Calderone|publisher=Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali|language=it}}</ref> Pia amewahi kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya [[Leonardo S.p.A.]] kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2020. Akiwa waziri, amejikita katika mageuzi ya soko la ajira na mifumo ya usaidizi wa kijamii nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Calderone, Marina Elvira}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ckjdp4mqa115ln319jaf0q9my1vfjm4 1540953 1540742 2026-05-12T11:38:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marina Elvira Calderone''' (alizaliwa 30 Julai 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii wa Italia]] katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è Marina Calderone, la nuova ministra del Lavoro |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/marina-calderone-ministro-lavoro-politiche-sociali |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=tg24.sky.it |date=22 October 2022 |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Calderone alizaliwa mjini [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na serikali, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya kazi. Kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama Rais wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Washauri wa Kazi (National Council of the Order of Labour Consultants).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavoro.gov.it/il-ministero/ministro-del-lavoro-e-delle-politiche-sociali/Pagine/biografia.aspx|title=Biografia del Ministro Marina Elvira Calderone|publisher=Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali|language=it}}</ref> Pia amewahi kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya [[Leonardo S.p.A.]] kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2020. Akiwa waziri, amejikita katika mageuzi ya soko la ajira na mifumo ya usaidizi wa kijamii nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Calderone, Marina Elvira}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] eq1wd4ckacj62c2ih28jh4wqbpsb1a4 0 233925 1540743 2026-05-12T05:14:44Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marina Elvira Calderone''' (alizaliwa 30 Julai 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii wa Italia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è Marina Calderone, la nuova ministra del Lavoro |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/marina-calderone-ministro-lavoro-politiche-sociali |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=tg24.sky.it |date=22 October...' 1540743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marina Elvira Calderone''' (alizaliwa 30 Julai 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii wa Italia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è Marina Calderone, la nuova ministra del Lavoro |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/marina-calderone-ministro-lavoro-politiche-sociali |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=tg24.sky.it |date=22 October 2022 |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Calderone alizaliwa mjini [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na serikali, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya kazi. Kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama Rais wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Washauri wa Kazi (National Council of the Order of Labour Consultants).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavoro.gov.it/il-ministero/ministro-del-lavoro-e-delle-politiche-sociali/Pagine/biografia.aspx|title=Biografia del Ministro Marina Elvira Calderone|publisher=Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali|language=it}}</ref> Pia amewahi kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya [[Leonardo S.p.A.]] kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2020. Akiwa waziri, amejikita katika mageuzi ya soko la ajira na mifumo ya usaidizi wa kijamii nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Calderone, Marina Elvira}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qeihm6kpj10wis1hqvhoqihj9h0rvss 1540900 1540743 2026-05-12T10:23:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marina Elvira Calderone''' (alizaliwa 30 Julai 1965) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Oktoba 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii wa Italia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=TG24 |first=Sky |title=Chi è Marina Calderone, la nuova ministra del Lavoro |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/approfondimenti/marina-calderone-ministro-lavoro-politiche-sociali |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=tg24.sky.it |date=22 October 2022 |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Calderone alizaliwa mjini [[Sassari]], [[Sardinia]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na serikali, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya kazi. Kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama Rais wa Baraza la Kitaifa la Washauri wa Kazi (National Council of the Order of Labour Consultants).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavoro.gov.it/il-ministero/ministro-del-lavoro-e-delle-politiche-sociali/Pagine/biografia.aspx|title=Biografia del Ministro Marina Elvira Calderone|publisher=Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali|language=it}}</ref> Pia amewahi kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya [[Leonardo S.p.A.]] kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2020. Akiwa waziri, amejikita katika mageuzi ya soko la ajira na mifumo ya usaidizi wa kijamii nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Calderone, Marina Elvira}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hurdk0q7b0uycsq77j506o9vsu33qwm 0 233926 1540744 2026-05-12T05:18:57Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Annamaria Cancellieri''' (alizaliwa 22 Oktoba 1943) ni afisa wa serikali na mkuu wa mkoa (prefect) wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Monti na Wizara ya Sheria (Italia)|Waziri wa Sheria katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Letta. == Wasifu == Cancellieri alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]]. Alikuwa na wasifu mrefu na mashuhuri kama mkuu wa mkoa katika miji mbalimbali ya Italia, ikiwemo [[Vicenza]], [[Bergamo]], Bre...' 1540744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annamaria Cancellieri''' (alizaliwa 22 Oktoba 1943) ni afisa wa serikali na mkuu wa mkoa (prefect) wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Monti na Wizara ya Sheria (Italia)|Waziri wa Sheria katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Letta. == Wasifu == Cancellieri alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]]. Alikuwa na wasifu mrefu na mashuhuri kama mkuu wa mkoa katika miji mbalimbali ya Italia, ikiwemo [[Vicenza]], [[Bergamo]], [[Brescia]], [[Catania]], na [[Genoa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interno.gov.it/it/ministero/i-ministri-dellinterno-dal-1861-ad-oggi/annamaria-cancellieri|title=Annamaria Cancellieri - Ministero dell'Interno|publisher=Ministero dell'Interno|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2011, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani chini ya Waziri Mkuu Mario Monti, akiwa mwanamke wa pili kushika nafasi hiyo katika historia ya Italia. Baadaye, mwaka 2013, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Sheria chini ya Enrico Letta. Cancellieri anajulikana kwa utaalamu wake katika usimamizi wa migogoro na utawala wa umma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/annamaria-cancellieri/|title=Cancellieri, Annamaria|publisher=Enciclopedia Treccani|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943||Cancellieri, Annamaria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Roma]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oncuofq3eygf6wjx8bu54lvblwdlu4z 0 233927 1540745 2026-05-12T05:22:46Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rosaria Capacchione''' (alizaliwa 16 Februari 1960) ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]], ambaye alihudumu kama Seneta katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leg17.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00021593.htm|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Rosaria CAPACCHIONE - XVII Legislatura|website=leg17.senato.it|access-da...' 1540745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosaria Capacchione''' (alizaliwa 16 Februari 1960) ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]], ambaye alihudumu kama Seneta katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://leg17.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00021593.htm|title=senato.it - Scheda di attività di Rosaria CAPACCHIONE - XVII Legislatura|website=leg17.senato.it|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> == Wasifu == Capacchione alizaliwa mjini [[Napoli]] na kukulia mkoani [[Caserta]]. Amekuwa mwandishi wa habari za uchunguzi mwenye ushawishi mkubwa, akijikita katika kupambana na ufisadi na makundi ya uhalifu ya [[Mafia ya Italia]], hususan kundi la [[Camorra]]. Kwa miaka mingi, amekuwa akifanya kazi na gazeti la ''Il Mattino''. Kutokana na kazi yake ya kufichua uovu wa kundi la Casalesi, amekuwa akiishi chini ya ulinzi wa polisi tangu mwaka 2008 baada ya kupokea vitisho vya kuuawa. Kitabu chake, ''L'oro della Camorra'' (Dhahabu ya Camorra), kilielezea kwa kina jinsi kundi hilo lilivyoingilia uchumi na siasa. Akiwa bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Kupambana na Mafia, ambapo aliendeleza juhudi zake za kisheria dhidi ya uhalifu wa kupangwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/rosaria-capacchione/|title=Capacchione, Rosaria|publisher=Enciclopedia Treccani|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||Capacchione, Rosaria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gs2ygopeen8oohh5de641pk1ie597tu 0 233928 1540746 2026-05-12T05:24:26Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540746 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Jusu Saffa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri Kiongozi wa Sierra Leone kuanzia tarehe 30 Aprili 2021 hadi tarehe 10 Julai 2023. Saffa ana Shahada ya Sayansi (ya heshima) katika uchumi kutoka Chuo cha Fourah Bay, Chuo Kikuu cha Sierra Leone, na Shahada ya Uzamili katika Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi na Mipango kutoka Taasisi ya Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi na Mipango (IDEP) ya Tume ya Kiuchumi ya Umoja wa Mataifa kwa ajili ya Afrikailiyopo Dakar, Senegal. Kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2011, Saffa alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Taifa wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi alipoteuliwa kuwa Waziri Kiongozi mwaka 2021, Saffa alikuwa Waziri wa Fedha. Wakati wa kipindi cha Saffa, Patricia Nyanga Laverley alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Fedha, akiwakilisha wilaya za Moyamba na Bonthe, kuanzia Juni 2018 hadi Julai 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jacob Jusu Saffa|url=https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/j/jacob-jusu-saffa|work=World Bank Live|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is Jacob Jusu Saffa Sierra Leone’s new Chief Minister|url=https://www.switsalone.com/39066_who-is-jacob-jusu-saffa-sierra-leones-new-chief-minister/|work=SwitSalone|date=2021-05-14|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en-US|author=Lamin Kargbo}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] ahd5hmbast0iazrwsfhum6vkgkvcy69 1540923 1540746 2026-05-12T10:42:39Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540923 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Jusu Saffa''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri Kiongozi wa Sierra Leone kuanzia tarehe 30 Aprili 2021 hadi tarehe 10 Julai 2023. Saffa ana Shahada ya Sayansi (ya heshima) katika uchumi kutoka Chuo cha Fourah Bay, Chuo Kikuu cha Sierra Leone, na Shahada ya Uzamili katika Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi na Mipango kutoka Taasisi ya Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi na Mipango (IDEP) ya Tume ya Kiuchumi ya Umoja wa Mataifa kwa ajili ya Afrikailiyopo Dakar, Senegal. Kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2011, Saffa alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Taifa wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi alipoteuliwa kuwa Waziri Kiongozi mwaka 2021, Saffa alikuwa Waziri wa Fedha. Wakati wa kipindi cha Saffa, Patricia Nyanga Laverley alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Fedha, akiwakilisha wilaya za Moyamba na Bonthe, kuanzia Juni 2018 hadi Julai 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jacob Jusu Saffa|url=https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/j/jacob-jusu-saffa|work=World Bank Live|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Who is Jacob Jusu Saffa Sierra Leone’s new Chief Minister|url=https://www.switsalone.com/39066_who-is-jacob-jusu-saffa-sierra-leones-new-chief-minister/|work=SwitSalone|date=2021-05-14|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en-US|author=Lamin Kargbo}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 9g09fu97kqhw357cqmk85xiyqbeega7 0 233929 1540747 2026-05-12T05:25:18Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Loredana Capone''' (alizaliwa 14 Februari 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama rais wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Apulia]] kuanzia mwaka 2020 hadi 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consiglio.puglia.it/-/loredana-capone-eletta-presidente-del-consiglio-regionale-della-puglia|title=Loredana Capone eletta presidente del Consiglio regionale della Puglia|publisher=[[Regional Council of Apulia]]|date=26 November 2020|language=it}}</ref> == W...' 1540747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loredana Capone''' (alizaliwa 14 Februari 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama rais wa [[Baraza la Kikanda la Apulia]] kuanzia mwaka 2020 hadi 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consiglio.puglia.it/-/loredana-capone-eletta-presidente-del-consiglio-regionale-della-puglia|title=Loredana Capone eletta presidente del Consiglio regionale della Puglia|publisher=[[Regional Council of Apulia]]|date=26 November 2020|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Capone alizaliwa mjini [[Lecce]] na kitaaluma ni mwanasheria. Yeye ni mwanachama mashuhuri wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD). Kabla ya kuwa Rais wa Baraza la Kikanda, alihudumu kama mshauri wa mkoa (assessor) anayehusika na maendeleo ya kiuchumi, viwanda, na utalii katika mkoa wa [[Apulia]]. Mnamo tarehe 12 Machi 2023, alichaguliwa kuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kitaifa, akihudumu pamoja na Chiara Gribaudo chini ya uongozi wa Elly Schlein.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/tgr/puglia/articoli/2023/03/loredana-capone-vicepresidente-nazionale-del-pd-37faa2ad-d73e-499c-b55d-15b19b8f3fae.html|title=Loredana Capone vicepresidente nazionale del PD|publisher=[[Rai News 24]]|date=12 March 2023|language=it}}</ref> Capone anajulikana kwa juhudi zake za kukuza uchumi wa kidijitali na kuimarisha sekta ya utalii kusini mwa Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964||Capone, Loredana}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] kalmuverkzmlwbgfpqje9w8t913vyl5 0 233930 1540748 2026-05-12T05:28:48Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniela Cardinale''' (alizaliwa 4 Februari 1982) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2022, alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/18-302881|title=Daniela Cardinale|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cardinale alizaliwa mjini [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]]. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza bungeni akiwa na umri wa...' 1540748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniela Cardinale''' (alizaliwa 4 Februari 1982) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2022, alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/18-302881|title=Daniela Cardinale|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cardinale alizaliwa mjini [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]]. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza bungeni akiwa na umri wa miaka 26 katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2008 kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD). Alifanikiwa kuchaguliwa tena katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2013 na 2018. Yeye ni binti wa mwanasiasa mkongwe [[Salvatore Cardinale]], ambaye aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Mawasiliano nchini Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://livesicilia.it/cardinale-difende-la-figlia-daniela-ha-lavorato-merita-la-candidatura/|title=Cardinale difende la figlia Daniela {{!}} "Ha lavorato, merita la candidatura"|work=LiveSicilia|date=18 January 2018|language=it}}</ref> Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mawasiliano na Uchukuzi. Mnamo mwaka 2019, alikihama Chama cha Kidemokrasia na kujiunga na kundi la ''Misto'' (mchanganyiko) akifuata mrengo wa kisiasa wa baba yake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1982||Cardinale, Daniela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Palermo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] h064w114rptuy19ubbrh30ws014281f 0 233931 1540750 2026-05-12T05:32:08Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria Cristina Caretta''' (alizaliwa 11 Januari 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/19-307573|title=Maria Cristina Caretta|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Caretta alizaliwa mjini [[Vicenza]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Brothers of Italy|Fratelli...' 1540750 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Cristina Caretta''' (alizaliwa 11 Januari 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/19-307573|title=Maria Cristina Caretta|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Caretta alizaliwa mjini [[Vicenza]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] (FdI). Kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alijulikana sana kama mwanaharakati na kiongozi katika kutetea haki za uwindaji na utamaduni wa vijijini nchini Italia, akihudumu kama rais wa kitaifa wa chama cha uwindaji (CONFAVI). Tangu mwaka 2022, amehudumu kama makamu mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kilimo katika Baraza la Wawakilishi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/maria-cristina-caretta-1964-01-11|title=Maria Cristina Caretta|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Katika majukumu yake ya bungeni, amekuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa sekta ya kilimo, ulinzi wa mazingira kupitia usimamizi wa rasilimali, na kukuza bidhaa za asili za Italia (Made in Italy). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964||Caretta, Maria Cristina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] oc7pjdaxdq27uxm0rovejhinz3ea5td 0 233932 1540751 2026-05-12T05:36:15Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540751 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Mustapha''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanasheria]] wa Sierra Leone. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2007. Mustapha ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Rasilimali za Madini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 2ean9i9b5edg4fpi08rfvoow9ml5st3 1540932 1540751 2026-05-12T10:50:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Mustapha''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanasheria]] wa Sierra Leone. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2007. Mustapha ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Rasilimali za Madini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 9igg1k6gf8817312f10dcpis2qwobxr 0 233933 1540752 2026-05-12T05:36:31Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria Rosaria "Mara" Carfagna''' (alizaliwa 18 Desemba 1975) ni Wanasiasa wa [[Italia]] mwanasheria, na aliyekuwa mwanamitindo na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Baada ya kupata shahada ya sheria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/berlusconi-blitzes-back-to-power-with-old-friends-and-a-showgirl-1370120.html|title=Berlusconi blitzes back to power with old friends and a showgirl|website=[[Irish Independent]]|date=9 May 2008|accessd...' 1540752 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Rosaria "Mara" Carfagna''' (alizaliwa 18 Desemba 1975) ni Wanasiasa wa [[Italia]] mwanasheria, na aliyekuwa mwanamitindo na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Baada ya kupata shahada ya sheria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/berlusconi-blitzes-back-to-power-with-old-friends-and-a-showgirl-1370120.html|title=Berlusconi blitzes back to power with old friends and a showgirl|website=[[Irish Independent]]|date=9 May 2008|accessdate=20 February 2020}}</ref> Carfagna alifanya kazi kwa miaka kadhaa kwenye vipindi vya televisheni vya Italia na kama mwanamitindo. == Wasifu wa Kisiasa == Aliingia kwenye siasa na kuchaguliwa katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kupitia chama cha [[Forza Italia (1994)|Forza Italia]] mnamo mwaka 2006. Kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2011, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Fursa Sawa katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Berlusconi IV]]. Wakati huo, alijulikana sana kwa kuanzisha sheria kali dhidi ya vitendo vya unyanyasaji (stalking). Mnamo mwaka 2018, alichaguliwa kuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Wawakilishi. Mnamo mwaka 2021, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kusini na Ustawi wa Maeneo katika baraza la mawaziri lililoongozwa na [[Mario Draghi]]. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alikihama chama cha Forza Italia na kujiunga na chama cha [[Azione]], ambapo aliteuliwa kuwa Rais wa chama hicho. == Maisha ya Awali == Kabla ya siasa, Carfagna alishiriki katika shindano la urembo la Miss Italia mwaka 1997 na kushika nafasi ya sita. Alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya televisheni ya Mediaset kama mtangazaji wa vipindi maarufu kama ''Domenica In'' na ''I fatti vostri''. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1975||Carfagna, Mara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mckyy5rucncoij5kpbedzxn9e41x4x8 1540897 1540752 2026-05-12T10:20:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Rosaria "Mara" Carfagna''' (alizaliwa 18 Desemba 1975) ni mwanasiasa na mwanasheria wa [[Italia]] aliyekuwa mwanamitindo na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Baada ya kupata shahada ya sheria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/berlusconi-blitzes-back-to-power-with-old-friends-and-a-showgirl-1370120.html|title=Berlusconi blitzes back to power with old friends and a showgirl|website=[[Irish Independent]]|date=9 May 2008|accessdate=20 February 2020}}</ref> Carfagna alifanya kazi kwa miaka kadhaa kwenye vipindi vya televisheni vya Italia na kama mwanamitindo. == Wasifu wa Kisiasa == Aliingia kwenye siasa na kuchaguliwa katika [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kupitia chama cha [[Forza Italia (1994)|Forza Italia]] mnamo mwaka 2006. Kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2011, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Fursa Sawa katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Berlusconi IV]]. Wakati huo, alijulikana sana kwa kuanzisha sheria kali dhidi ya vitendo vya unyanyasaji (stalking). Mnamo mwaka 2018, alichaguliwa kuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Wawakilishi. Mnamo mwaka 2021, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Kusini na Ustawi wa Maeneo katika baraza la mawaziri lililoongozwa na [[Mario Draghi]]. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alikihama chama cha Forza Italia na kujiunga na chama cha [[Azione]], ambapo aliteuliwa kuwa Rais wa chama hicho. == Maisha ya Awali == Kabla ya siasa, Carfagna alishiriki katika shindano la urembo la Miss Italia mwaka 1997 na kushika nafasi ya sita. Alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya televisheni ya Mediaset kama mtangazaji wa vipindi maarufu kama ''Domenica In'' na ''I fatti vostri''. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1975||Carfagna, Mara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] a1dda3fevyeyk7k9dhug2wjt2ad1w3b 0 233934 1540753 2026-05-12T05:41:56Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gabriella Carlucci''' (alizaliwa 28 Februari 1959) ni mtangazaji wa televisheni na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Alghero]] na ni dada wa mtangazaji maarufu Milly Carlucci. Gabriella alianza kazi yake katika televisheni mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 na alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa kwa kuongoza matoleo mawili ya Tamasha la Muziki la Sanremo (mwaka 1988 na 1992). Katika nyanja ya siasa, alijiunga na chama cha Forza Italia (1994)|F...' 1540753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gabriella Carlucci''' (alizaliwa 28 Februari 1959) ni mtangazaji wa televisheni na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Alghero]] na ni dada wa mtangazaji maarufu Milly Carlucci. Gabriella alianza kazi yake katika televisheni mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 na alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa kwa kuongoza matoleo mawili ya Tamasha la Muziki la Sanremo (mwaka 1988 na 1992). Katika nyanja ya siasa, alijiunga na chama cha [[Forza Italia (1994)|Forza Italia]] mwaka 1994. Alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia mwaka 2001 na kuchaguliwa tena katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2006 na 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/gabriella-carlucci-19590228|title=Gabriella Carlucci|publisher=Portale Storico della Camera dei Deputati|language=it}}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2012, alihudumu pia kama Meya wa mji wa [[Margherita di Savoia]]. Mnamo mwaka 2011, alikihama chama cha Forza Italia na kujiunga na chama cha [[Union of the Centre (2002)|UDC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2011/11/06/news/carlucci_lascia_pdl-24536783/|title=Gabriella Carlucci lascia il Pdl e passa con l'Udc|work=[[la Repubblica]]|date=6 Novemba 2011|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959||Carlucci, Gabriella}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 81glpfhlahd66f2ii3u44ckd8slkwpn 0 233935 1540754 2026-05-12T05:42:48Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Momodu Munu''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1938) ni aliyekuwa [[mwanadiplomasia]] kutoka [[Sierra Leone]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1985 hadi 1989, Munu alihudumu kama Katibu Mtendaji wa Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS).<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Organizations A-L|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations.html|work=www.worldstatesmen.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rao9kikftt36nq5wmq4orn89ez15fcw 1540955 1540754 2026-05-12T11:56:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Momodu Munu''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1938) ni aliyekuwa [[mwanadiplomasia]] kutoka [[Sierra Leone]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1985 hadi 1989, Munu alihudumu kama Katibu Mtendaji wa Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Mataifa ya Afrika Magharibi (ECOWAS).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=International Organizations A-L|url=https://www.worldstatesmen.org/International_Organizations.html|work=www.worldstatesmen.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1lf57tpekil1g6xwxw443qcv1ak7xvj 0 233936 1540756 2026-05-12T05:48:12Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540756 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alhaji Chief Alimamy Mucktarru-Kallay''' alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Sierra Leone]]. Alianzisha chama cha All People's Congress (APC) katika eneo la Elba Corner mjini Freetown akiwa na viongozi saba (Mucktarru-Kallay, Mheshimiwa Allieu Badarr Koroma, Alhaji Gibrill Sesay, Mheshimiwa C. A. Kamara-Taylor, Mheshimiwa Kawusu-Conteh, Mheshimiwa S. A. T. Koroma na Bwana Abu B. S. Bangura). == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] daga1rbjlj025nldy36k7u9zp5a2gz7 0 233937 1540757 2026-05-12T05:49:19Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elena Carnevali''' (alizaliwa 30 Agosti 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama [[Meya wa Bergamo]] tangu mwezi Juni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bergamonews.it/2024/06/11/elena-carnevali-proclamazione-sindaco-bergamo/708809/|title=Elena Carnevali, la proclamazione: "Sarò la sindaca di tutti i cittadini"|first=Monica|last=Pagani|work=Bergamonews|date=11 June...' 1540757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elena Carnevali''' (alizaliwa 30 Agosti 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama [[Meya wa Bergamo]] tangu mwezi Juni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bergamonews.it/2024/06/11/elena-carnevali-proclamazione-sindaco-bergamo/708809/|title=Elena Carnevali, la proclamazione: "Sarò la sindaca di tutti i cittadini"|first=Monica|last=Pagani|work=Bergamonews|date=11 June 2024}}</ref> == Wasifu == Carnevali alizaliwa mjini [[Bergamo]] na kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa tiba ya viungo (physiotherapist). Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika ngazi ya manispaa mjini Bergamo, akihudumu kama mshauri wa masuala ya kijamii na elimu kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2013. Mnamo mwaka 2013, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia na alifanikiwa kutetea kiti chake katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2018, akihudumu bungeni hadi mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/elena-carnevali-19640830|title=Elena Carnevali|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Camera dei deputati]]}}</ref> Wakati wa kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Kijamii, ambapo alijikita zaidi katika masuala ya afya ya jamii na usaidizi kwa walemavu. Mnamo Juni 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa Meya wa Bergamo, akichukua nafasi ya Giorgio Gori, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika wadhifa huo katika historia ya mji huo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964||Carnevali, Elena}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Mameya wa miji ya Italia]] [[Jamii:Wabunge wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Bergamo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o8kbknw03ylu4n85hornx7ztccf9m02 1540758 1540757 2026-05-12T05:50:19Z Egipa 87700 1540758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elena Carnevali''' (alizaliwa 30 Agosti 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama [[Meya wa Bergamo]] tangu mwezi Juni 2024.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bergamonews.it/2024/06/11/elena-carnevali-proclamazione-sindaco-bergamo/708809/|title=Elena Carnevali, la proclamazione: "Sarò la sindaca di tutti i cittadini"|first=Monica|last=Pagani|work=Bergamonews|date=11 June 2024}}</ref> == Wasifu == Carnevali alizaliwa mjini [[Bergamo]] na kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa tiba ya viungo (physiotherapist). Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika ngazi ya manispaa mjini Bergamo, akihudumu kama mshauri wa masuala ya kijamii na elimu kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2013. Mnamo mwaka 2013, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia na alifanikiwa kutetea kiti chake katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2018, akihudumu bungeni hadi mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/elena-carnevali-19640830|title=Elena Carnevali|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Camera dei deputati]]}}</ref> Wakati wa kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Kijamii, ambapo alijikita zaidi katika masuala ya afya ya jamii na usaidizi kwa walemavu. Mnamo Juni 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa Meya wa Bergamo, akichukua nafasi ya Giorgio Gori, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika wadhifa huo katika historia ya mji huo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964||Carnevali, Elena}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qbp35r9hkuoe9er6uv8n8mu2cogqi50 1540895 1540758 2026-05-12T10:12:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elena Carnevali''' (alizaliwa 30 Agosti 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama [[Meya wa Bergamo]] tangu mwezi Juni 2024.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.bergamonews.it/2024/06/11/elena-carnevali-proclamazione-sindaco-bergamo/708809/|title=Elena Carnevali, la proclamazione: "Sarò la sindaca di tutti i cittadini"|first=Monica|last=Pagani|work=Bergamonews|date=11 June 2024}}</ref> == Wasifu == Carnevali alizaliwa mjini [[Bergamo]] na kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa tiba ya viungo (physiotherapist). Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika ngazi ya manispaa mjini Bergamo, akihudumu kama mshauri wa masuala ya kijamii na elimu kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2013. Mnamo mwaka 2013, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia na alifanikiwa kutetea kiti chake katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2018, akihudumu bungeni hadi mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/elena-carnevali-19640830|title=Elena Carnevali|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Camera dei deputati]]}}</ref> Wakati wa kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Kijamii, ambapo alijikita zaidi katika masuala ya afya ya jamii na usaidizi kwa walemavu. Mnamo Juni 2024, alichaguliwa kuwa Meya wa Bergamo, akichukua nafasi ya Giorgio Gori, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika wadhifa huo katika historia ya mji huo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964||Carnevali, Elena}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8pb0y0f9g90v122sm5zx1w426r3apyd 0 233938 1540759 2026-05-12T05:55:15Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540759 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sama Sahr Mondeh''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mtaalamu wa kilimo wa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] Mondeh amekuwa Waziri wa Kilimo na Usalama wa Chakula chini ya Rais Ahmad Tejan Kabbah tangu mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - President Kabbah's Sixth Cabinet|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/cabinet-kabbah6.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] ja17y3htxwzb76xk9rkd2dsshqop036 0 233939 1540760 2026-05-12T05:56:53Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria Chiara Carrozza''' (alizaliwa 16 Septemba 1965)<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it/web/ministero/ministro/ministro_cv Ministro – Curriculum Vitae – Miur]</ref> ni mwanafizikia, mhandisi, na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Elimu, Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti (Italia)|Waziri wa Elimu, Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti]] katika serikali ya Waziri Mkuu [[Enrico Letta]] kati ya Aprili 2013 na Februari 2014. == W...' 1540760 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Chiara Carrozza''' (alizaliwa 16 Septemba 1965)<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it/web/ministero/ministro/ministro_cv Ministro – Curriculum Vitae – Miur]</ref> ni mwanafizikia, mhandisi, na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Elimu, Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti (Italia)|Waziri wa Elimu, Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti]] katika serikali ya Waziri Mkuu [[Enrico Letta]] kati ya Aprili 2013 na Februari 2014. == Wasifu == Carrozza alizaliwa mjini [[Pisa]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri katika taaluma, akihudumu kama mkuu wa chuo (Rector) wa shule ya masomo ya juu ya [[Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2013. Yeye ni mtaalamu wa masuala ya uhandisi wa viumbe (bioengineering) na roboti, hususan katika utengenezaji wa viungo bandia. Mnamo Aprili 2021, aliandika historia kwa kuteuliwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Rais wa [[Baraza la Taifa la Utafiti (Italia)|Baraza la Taifa la Utafiti la Italia]] (CNR), nafasi aliyoishika hadi Mei 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Università|first=Redazione|date=2021-12-04|title=E' Maria Chiara Carrozza la nuova presidente del Cnr: è la prima donna|url=https://www.corriere.it/scuola/universita/21_aprile_12/maria-chiara-carrozza-nuova-presidente-cnr-prima-donna-a9410a26-9b89-11eb-a4a1-866c33c02647.shtml|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Corriere della Sera|language=it}}</ref> Pia amekuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018. Carrozza anatambulika kimataifa kwa mchango wake katika sayansi na teknolojia, na amechapisha machapisho mengi ya kisayansi kuhusu mfumo wa neva na roboti. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Carrozza, Maria Chiara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lni7ocljlni5qlv24e4wd5o3cufgy52 1540952 1540760 2026-05-12T11:37:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540952 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Chiara Carrozza''' (alizaliwa 16 Septemba 1965)<ref name=autogenerated1>[http://hubmiur.pubblica.istruzione.it/web/ministero/ministro/ministro_cv Ministro – Curriculum Vitae – Miur]</ref> ni mwanafizikia, mhandisi, na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Wizara ya Elimu, Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti (Italia)|Waziri wa Elimu, Vyuo Vikuu na Utafiti]] katika serikali ya Waziri Mkuu [[Enrico Letta]] kati ya Aprili 2013 na Februari 2014. == Wasifu == Carrozza alizaliwa mjini [[Pisa]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri katika taaluma, akihudumu kama mkuu wa chuo (Rector) wa shule ya masomo ya juu ya [[Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2013. Yeye ni mtaalamu wa masuala ya uhandisi wa viumbe (bioengineering) na roboti, hususan katika utengenezaji wa viungo bandia. Mnamo Aprili 2021, aliandika historia kwa kuteuliwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Rais wa [[Baraza la Taifa la Utafiti (Italia)|Baraza la Taifa la Utafiti la Italia]] (CNR), nafasi aliyoishika hadi Mei 2025.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Università|first=Redazione|date=2021-12-04|title=E' Maria Chiara Carrozza la nuova presidente del Cnr: è la prima donna|url=https://www.corriere.it/scuola/universita/21_aprile_12/maria-chiara-carrozza-nuova-presidente-cnr-prima-donna-a9410a26-9b89-11eb-a4a1-866c33c02647.shtml|access-date=2021-04-12|website=Corriere della Sera|language=it}}</ref> Pia amekuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2018. Carrozza anatambulika kimataifa kwa mchango wake katika sayansi na teknolojia, na amechapisha machapisho mengi ya kisayansi kuhusu mfumo wa neva na roboti. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965||Carrozza, Maria Chiara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] daoru6pvg2gimuwawongl68gsvga6mj 0 233940 1540761 2026-05-12T06:00:56Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540761 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hindowa Batilo Momoh''' (alizaliwa mjini Kailahun) ni aliyekuwa mwanaharakati wa vijana wenye msimamo mkali wa [[Sierra Leone]] na aliyekuwa Rais wa Umoja wa Kitaifa wa Wanafunzi wa Sierra Leone. Hindowa alizaliwa na kulelewa mjini Kailahun, Wilaya ya Kailahun, katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa Sierra Leone. Hindowa alitunukiwa Shahada ya Uzamivu (Ph.D.) katika Masomo ya Afrika kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Howard mwaka 2004. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Tume ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi katika uchaguzi mkuu wa hivi karibuni uliofanyika tarehe 11 Agosti na 17 Septemba, 2007.<ref>{{Citation|title=Wayback Machine|date=2026-05-11|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&oldid=1353605699|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] qmgcqqbd5w1en13zw0ra7oiltsiwora 0 233941 1540764 2026-05-12T06:03:06Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patrizia Casagrande Esposto''' (26 Oktoba 1951 – 12 Desemba 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD). Alihudumu kama Rais wa [[Mkoa wa Ancona]] kuanzia tarehe 28 Mei 2007 hadi tarehe 12 Oktoba 2014.<ref name=rc>{{cite news |first=Maria Gloria |last=Frattaglia |title=Ancona, è morta Patrizia Casagrande, ex presidente della Provincia |url=http://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ancona/p...' 1540764 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrizia Casagrande Esposto''' (26 Oktoba 1951 – 12 Desemba 2017) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD). Alihudumu kama Rais wa [[Mkoa wa Ancona]] kuanzia tarehe 28 Mei 2007 hadi tarehe 12 Oktoba 2014.<ref name=rc>{{cite news |first=Maria Gloria |last=Frattaglia |title=Ancona, è morta Patrizia Casagrande, ex presidente della Provincia |url=http://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ancona/politica/patrizia-casagrande-morta-1.3600327/ |work=[[Il Resto del Carlino]] |date=2017-12-12 |accessdate=2018-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212193348/http://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ancona/politica/patrizia-casagrande-morta-1.3600327 |archivedate=2017-12-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Wasifu == Casagrande alizaliwa mjini [[Senigallia]]. Kabla ya kuwa Rais wa Mkoa, alikuwa na wasifu mrefu katika uongozi wa umma, akihudumu kama mshauri wa mji wa Senigallia na baadaye kama mshauri wa mkoa akishughulikia masuala ya utalii na utamaduni. Alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa Mkoa wa Ancona mwaka 2007 kupitia muungano wa mrengo wa kushoto na aliongoza mkoa huo katika kipindi cha mabadiliko makubwa ya kiutawala nchini Italia. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika wadhifa huo katika mkoa wa Ancona. Pia alihudumu kama mkuu wa umoja wa mikoa ya Italia (UPI) katika ngazi ya kikanda kule [[Marche]]. Alifariki dunia mnamo Desemba 2017 baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951|2017|Casagrande Esposto, Patrizia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] ncuclbnuaduhh40ur1ws2h0khn5y0l4 0 233942 1540766 2026-05-12T06:09:14Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laura Castelletti''' (alizaliwa 10 Septemba 1962) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama [[Meya wa Brescia]] tangu mwaka 2023. == Wasifu == Castelletti alizaliwa mjini [[Brescia]] na amekuwa akijihusisha na siasa za mji huo kwa miongo kadhaa. Kabla ya kuwa meya, alihudumu kama Makamu wa Meya wa Brescia kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2023 chini ya uongozi wa Emilio Del Bono, akishughulikia masuala ya utamaduni na utalii. Mnamo Mei 2023, aliandi...' 1540766 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Castelletti''' (alizaliwa 10 Septemba 1962) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama [[Meya wa Brescia]] tangu mwaka 2023. == Wasifu == Castelletti alizaliwa mjini [[Brescia]] na amekuwa akijihusisha na siasa za mji huo kwa miongo kadhaa. Kabla ya kuwa meya, alihudumu kama Makamu wa Meya wa Brescia kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2023 chini ya uongozi wa Emilio Del Bono, akishughulikia masuala ya utamaduni na utalii. Mnamo Mei 2023, aliandika historia kwa kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Meya wa Brescia. Alishinda uchaguzi huo katika duru ya kwanza kama mgombea wa muungano wa mrengo wa kati na kushoto. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika kufanikisha mradi wa Brescia na Bergamo kuwa "Miji Mikuu ya Utamaduni ya Italia" mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comune.brescia.it/comune/organioriginali/Sindaco/Pagine/Il-Sindaco.aspx|title=Il Sindaco Laura Castelletti|publisher=Comune di Brescia|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1962||Castelletti, Laura}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9llo7tqjbguhr6mtt87xyqgyj37fhom 0 233943 1540767 2026-05-12T06:09:15Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tejan''' '''Amadu''' '''Mansaray''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha All People's Congress (APC) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Koinadugu, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> hnho1p755kbzjj5dlr2y3an0o2477v7 0 233944 1540768 2026-05-12T06:10:05Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sabrina Ghayour''' (alizaliwa 5 Januari 1976) ni mpishi, mwandishi wa masuala ya chakula na mwandishi kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Irani|Irani]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tovuti rasmi ya Sabrina Ghayour|url=[http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28](http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28) Disemba 2014}}</ref> Yeye ni mwenyeji wa klabu ya chakula cha jioni iitwayo ''Sabrina's Kitchen'' na alitoa kitabu chake cha kwanza cha mapishi, ''Persiana'', mwezi...' 1540768 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sabrina Ghayour''' (alizaliwa 5 Januari 1976) ni mpishi, mwandishi wa masuala ya chakula na mwandishi kutoka [[Uingereza]] na [[Irani|Irani]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tovuti rasmi ya Sabrina Ghayour|url=[http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28](http://www.sabrinaghayour.com/|accessdate=28) Disemba 2014}}</ref> Yeye ni mwenyeji wa klabu ya chakula cha jioni iitwayo ''Sabrina's Kitchen'' na alitoa kitabu chake cha kwanza cha mapishi, ''Persiana'', mwezi Mei mwaka 2014.<ref name="OctopusPublishers">{{cite book|title=Persiana By Sabrina Ghayour|isbn=978-1-84533-910-4|url=[https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/books/detail.page?isbn=9781845339104|accessdate=28](https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/books/detail.page?isbn=9781845339104|accessdate=28) Disemba 2014|last1=Ghayour|first1=Sabrina|date=16 Mei 2024|publisher=Mitchell Beazley}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4k3zzsml01ud7m5gqyyz3ve1y93t77u 0 233945 1540770 2026-05-12T06:12:23Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Salma Hage''' (amezaliwa 8 Januari 1942) ni mwandishi na mpishi kutoka [[[[Lebanoni|Lebanoni]]]]. Anajulikana kwa kuwa mwandishi wa kitabu maarufu cha mapishi kiitwacho ''The Lebanese Kitchen''.<ref name="kitchen">{{cite book|title=The Lebanese Kitchen|last=Hage|first=Salma|publisher=Phaidon Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0714864808|location=London|oclc=705983228}}</ref> Kitabu chake cha pili ni ''The Middle Eastern Vegetarian Cookbook''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite...' 1540770 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salma Hage''' (amezaliwa 8 Januari 1942) ni mwandishi na mpishi kutoka [[[[Lebanoni|Lebanoni]]]]. Anajulikana kwa kuwa mwandishi wa kitabu maarufu cha mapishi kiitwacho ''The Lebanese Kitchen''.<ref name="kitchen">{{cite book|title=The Lebanese Kitchen|last=Hage|first=Salma|publisher=Phaidon Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0714864808|location=London|oclc=705983228}}</ref> Kitabu chake cha pili ni ''The Middle Eastern Vegetarian Cookbook''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Middle Eastern Vegetarian Cookbook|last=Hage|first=Salma|publisher=Phaidon Press|year=2016|isbn=9780714871301|oclc=921865429}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hage, Salma}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Lebanoni]] adbtbtko0aqrjo4ivet1bc1m3hcyst6 1540899 1540770 2026-05-12T10:22:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salma Hage''' (amezaliwa 8 Januari 1942) ni mwandishi na mpishi kutoka [[Lebanoni]]. Anajulikana kwa kuwa mwandishi wa kitabu maarufu cha mapishi kiitwacho ''The Lebanese Kitchen''.<ref name="kitchen">{{cite book|title=The Lebanese Kitchen|last=Hage|first=Salma|publisher=Phaidon Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0714864808|location=London|oclc=705983228}}</ref> Kitabu chake cha pili ni ''The Middle Eastern Vegetarian Cookbook''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Middle Eastern Vegetarian Cookbook|last=Hage|first=Salma|publisher=Phaidon Press|year=2016|isbn=9780714871301|oclc=921865429}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hage, Salma}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Lebanoni]] jx3crqr61byvpwz0zbdpdgrnobuhr2y 0 233946 1540771 2026-05-12T06:12:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laura Castelli''' (alizaliwa 14 Septemba 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama Naibu Waziri wa Uchumi na Fedha kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Castelli alizaliwa mjini [[Turin]] na ana shahada ya uchumi wa biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Turin. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) na kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2013.<r...' 1540771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Castelli''' (alizaliwa 14 Septemba 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alifanya kazi kama Naibu Waziri wa Uchumi na Fedha kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Castelli alizaliwa mjini [[Turin]] na ana shahada ya uchumi wa biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Turin. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) na kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/laura-castelli-19860914|title=Laura Castelli|publisher=Portale Storico della Camera dei Deputati|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Jimbo na baadaye Naibu Waziri wa Uchumi na Fedha katika serikali ya kwanza ya Giuseppe Conte, nafasi aliyoendelea nayo hadi mwaka 2022 chini ya uongozi wa Mario Draghi. Wakati wa uongozi wake, alijikita zaidi katika masuala ya bajeti ya nchi na mifumo ya kodi. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alikihama chama cha Five Star Movement na kujiunga na kundi la [[Civic Commitment]] (Impegno Civico). Tangu mwaka 2023, anahudumu kama Rais wa chama cha [[Sud chiama Nord]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ansa.it/sicilia/notizie/2023/03/01/sud-chiama-nord-laura-castelli-nominata-presidente_f8365664-9b04-467f-94d0-6238380e227d.html|title=Sud chiama Nord, Laura Castelli nominata presidente|publisher=ANSA|date=1 Machi 2023|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986||Castelli, Laura}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rwx6dz1a83i75dm590l6w0gh9u282bl 0 233947 1540772 2026-05-12T06:13:26Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540772 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jusufu''' '''Mansaray''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 89yxvrxk1xlrjol9j4eyrw13kb0zfsk 1540935 1540772 2026-05-12T10:52:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jusufu''' '''Mansaray''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2007.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 1eejmp54txe4c0aevv100793p36gbk4 0 233948 1540773 2026-05-12T06:14:21Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fatéma Hal''' ( alizaliwa 5 Februari 1952) ni mpishi na mwandishi kutoka [[Moroko]]. Yeye ni mmiliki wa mgahawa maarufu wa ''Mansouria'' uliopo mjini [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali == Hal alizaliwa tarehe 5 Februari 1952 mjini [[Oujda]], [[Morocco]].<ref name="madame">{{cite news |title=Fatéma Hal |url=[https://madame.lefigaro.fr/tag/fatema-hal](https://madame.lefigaro.fr/tag/fatema-hal) |access-date=7 Desemba 2025 |work=[[Madame Figaro]...' 1540773 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatéma Hal''' ( alizaliwa 5 Februari 1952) ni mpishi na mwandishi kutoka [[Moroko]]. Yeye ni mmiliki wa mgahawa maarufu wa ''Mansouria'' uliopo mjini [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali == Hal alizaliwa tarehe 5 Februari 1952 mjini [[Oujda]], [[Morocco]].<ref name="madame">{{cite news |title=Fatéma Hal |url=[https://madame.lefigaro.fr/tag/fatema-hal](https://madame.lefigaro.fr/tag/fatema-hal) |access-date=7 Desemba 2025 |work=[[Madame Figaro]] |publisher=[[Le Figaro]]|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1952|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Moroko]] iid20pi2zpqprkr5o9fbxey51jb6zpd 0 233949 1540775 2026-05-12T06:17:13Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Catherine Healy''' (née '''Strong''') (alizaliwa Kells – alifariki 1993) alikuwa mpishi mkuu kutoka [[Ireland]] aliyewahi kushinda nyota ya Michelin wakati alipokuwa akifanya kazi katika mgahawa wa Dunderry Lodge.<ref>{{cite news |title=Where to eat without it costing an arm and a leg |url=http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/where-to-eat-without-it-costing-an-arm-and-a-leg-1664507.html |newspaper=Irish Independent |date=7 Machi 2009 |accessdate=20 Ap...' 1540775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine Healy''' (née '''Strong''') (alizaliwa Kells – alifariki 1993) alikuwa mpishi mkuu kutoka [[Ireland]] aliyewahi kushinda nyota ya Michelin wakati alipokuwa akifanya kazi katika mgahawa wa Dunderry Lodge.<ref>{{cite news |title=Where to eat without it costing an arm and a leg |url=http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/where-to-eat-without-it-costing-an-arm-and-a-leg-1664507.html |newspaper=Irish Independent |date=7 Machi 2009 |accessdate=20 Aprili 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Healy, Catherine}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland]] hhdd3ppvkgb4pardev7tq84otiqjcw3 1540901 1540775 2026-05-12T10:24:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Catherine Healy (chef)]] hadi [[Catherine Healy (mpishi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1540775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine Healy''' (née '''Strong''') (alizaliwa Kells – alifariki 1993) alikuwa mpishi mkuu kutoka [[Ireland]] aliyewahi kushinda nyota ya Michelin wakati alipokuwa akifanya kazi katika mgahawa wa Dunderry Lodge.<ref>{{cite news |title=Where to eat without it costing an arm and a leg |url=http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/where-to-eat-without-it-costing-an-arm-and-a-leg-1664507.html |newspaper=Irish Independent |date=7 Machi 2009 |accessdate=20 Aprili 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Healy, Catherine}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland]] hhdd3ppvkgb4pardev7tq84otiqjcw3 0 233950 1540777 2026-05-12T06:18:29Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria Domenica "Mariolina" Castellone''' (alizaliwa 3 Aprili 1975) ni msomi na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Mnamo Novemba 2021, aliandika historia kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa kiongozi wa kundi la M5S katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]]. == Wasifu == Castellone alizaliwa mjini [[Villaricca]], [[Napoli]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni daktari na mtafiti wa sayansi ya tiba, akiwa na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika masuala...' 1540777 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Domenica "Mariolina" Castellone''' (alizaliwa 3 Aprili 1975) ni msomi na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Mnamo Novemba 2021, aliandika historia kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa kiongozi wa kundi la M5S katika [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]]. == Wasifu == Castellone alizaliwa mjini [[Villaricca]], [[Napoli]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni daktari na mtafiti wa sayansi ya tiba, akiwa na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika masuala ya onkolojia (saratani) na endokrinolojia. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi katika Baraza la Taifa la Utafiti (CNR) akijikita katika utafiti wa vimelea vya saratani. Aliingia katika Baraza la Seneti kwa mara ya kwanza kufuatia [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]]. Tangu tarehe 13 Oktoba 2022, anahudumu kama Makamu wa Rais wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/19/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00032601.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Maria Domenica CASTELLONE - XIX Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> Katika harakati zake za kisiasa, amekuwa mstari wa mbele kutetea huduma za afya ya umma na uwekezaji katika utafiti wa kisayansi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1975||Castellone, Maria Domenica}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ilwac4h1upg5jv6nvwqykwbhu83wnbl 0 233951 1540778 2026-05-12T06:19:49Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Devina Hermawan''' (alizaliwa 11 Novemba 1993) ni mpishi, mwandishi na mwalimu wa mapishi kutoka [[Indonesia]]. == Elimu == * Shule ya Msingi Santo Yusup I, [[Bandung]], [[Indonesia]] (2000–2006). * Shule ya Sekondari ya Awali Santo Aloysius Bandung, [[Indonesia]] (2006–2009). * Shule ya Sekondari ya Juu Santo Aloysius Bandung, [[Indonesia]] (2009–2012). * Shahada ya Usimamizi wa Biashara (Bachelor of Business Management) katika Bandung Institut...' 1540778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Devina Hermawan''' (alizaliwa 11 Novemba 1993) ni mpishi, mwandishi na mwalimu wa mapishi kutoka [[Indonesia]]. == Elimu == * Shule ya Msingi Santo Yusup I, [[Bandung]], [[Indonesia]] (2000–2006). * Shule ya Sekondari ya Awali Santo Aloysius Bandung, [[Indonesia]] (2006–2009). * Shule ya Sekondari ya Juu Santo Aloysius Bandung, [[Indonesia]] (2009–2012). * Shahada ya Usimamizi wa Biashara (Bachelor of Business Management) katika Bandung Institute of Technology, [[Indonesia]] (2012–2016). == Maisha ya awali == Nia ya Devina katika ulimwengu wa upishi ilianza alipokuwa shule ya sekondari. Mara nyingi alikuwa akifanya mazoezi ya kupika kwa kutumia vitabu mbalimbali vya mapishi pamoja na vituo vya YouTube, huku akipika kwa ajili ya matukio yaliyofanyika nyumbani na shuleni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.kompas.tv/article/3110/devina-sulap-kopi-jadi-olahan-iga|title=Devina](https://www.kompas.tv/article/3110/devina-sulap-kopi-jadi-olahan-iga|title=Devina) Hermawan "Sulap" Kopi Jadi Olahan Iga|date=24 Aprili 2017|publisher=[[Kompas TV]]|location=Bandung|language=id|access-date=10 Machi 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ea0d3gknylhh0snlv3wttqw73c8be99 1540892 1540778 2026-05-12T10:07:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Devina Hermawan''' (alizaliwa 11 Novemba 1993) ni mpishi, mwandishi na mwalimu wa mapishi kutoka [[Indonesia]]. == Elimu == * Shule ya Msingi Santo Yusup I, [[Bandung]], [[Indonesia]] (2000–2006). * Shule ya Sekondari ya Awali Santo Aloysius Bandung, [[Indonesia]] (2006–2009). * Shule ya Sekondari ya Juu Santo Aloysius Bandung, [[Indonesia]] (2009–2012). * Shahada ya Usimamizi wa Biashara (Bachelor of Business Management) katika Bandung Institute of Technology, [[Indonesia]] (2012–2016). == Maisha ya awali == Nia ya Devina katika ulimwengu wa upishi ilianza alipokuwa shule ya sekondari. Mara nyingi alikuwa akifanya mazoezi ya kupika kwa kutumia vitabu mbalimbali vya mapishi pamoja na vituo vya YouTube, huku akipika kwa ajili ya matukio yaliyofanyika nyumbani na shuleni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.kompas.tv/article/3110/devina-sulap-kopi-jadi-olahan-iga|title=Devina](https://www.kompas.tv/article/3110/devina-sulap-kopi-jadi-olahan-iga|title=Devina) Hermawan "Sulap" Kopi Jadi Olahan Iga|date=24 Aprili 2017|publisher=[[Kompas TV]]|location=Bandung|language=id|access-date=10 Machi 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 8mqkq02861q864jsa0a8kimw4n86bj2 0 233952 1540779 2026-05-12T06:21:45Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Giuseppina Castiello''' (alizaliwa 30 Januari 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama Katibu wa Jimbo (undersecretary) wa masuala ya uhusiano na bunge tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rapportiparlamento.gov.it/it/i-sottosegretari/giuseppina-castiello/|title=Il Sottosegretario Giuseppina Castiello|publisher=[[:it:Dipartimento per i rapporti con il Parlamento|Department for Parliamentary Relations]]|language=it}}</ref> ==...' 1540779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giuseppina Castiello''' (alizaliwa 30 Januari 1971) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama Katibu wa Jimbo (undersecretary) wa masuala ya uhusiano na bunge tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rapportiparlamento.gov.it/it/i-sottosegretari/giuseppina-castiello/|title=Il Sottosegretario Giuseppina Castiello|publisher=[[:it:Dipartimento per i rapporti con il Parlamento|Department for Parliamentary Relations]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Castiello alizaliwa mjini [[Afragola]], [[Napoli]]. Ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Kabla ya kujiunga na Lega, alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha [[Forza Italia]] na [[The People of Freedom]]. Alikuwa mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] kwa muda mrefu, akihudumu kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=301573&idLegislatura=18|title=Castiello Giuseppina – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Jimbo katika Wizara ya Kusini chini ya serikali ya kwanza ya Giuseppe Conte. Tangu mwaka 2022, anafanya kazi katika ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu (Palazzo Chigi) akishughulikia uratibu kati ya serikali na bunge katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Meloni]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971||Castiello, Giuseppina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0ot2ppy6d4po59kgod660nsfc6vi4tj 0 233953 1540780 2026-05-12T06:22:14Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Deema Hijjawi''' ( amezaliwa mwaka 1977) ni [[Yordani]]ia ambaye ni [[mpishi]], mwandishi na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa klabu ya upishi ya ''Deema Hijjawi Cooking Club'', na ni mmoja wa wapishi Waarabu wanaofuatiliwa zaidi kwenye mitandao ya kijamii. == Wasifu == Hijjawi ni mpishi na mtangazaji wa televisheni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-25 |title=إكسترا في أسبوع مع الشيف ديما حجاوي |url=https://www....' 1540780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deema Hijjawi''' ( amezaliwa mwaka 1977) ni [[Yordani]]ia ambaye ni [[mpishi]], mwandishi na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa klabu ya upishi ya ''Deema Hijjawi Cooking Club'', na ni mmoja wa wapishi Waarabu wanaofuatiliwa zaidi kwenye mitandao ya kijamii. == Wasifu == Hijjawi ni mpishi na mtangazaji wa televisheni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-25 |title=إكسترا في أسبوع مع الشيف ديما حجاوي |url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/tv-and-radio-48410890 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=BBC News عربي |language=ar}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hijjawi, Deema}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Yordani]] qixr1v6uda1t29xtwew3gofwqvov463 1540889 1540780 2026-05-12T10:06:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540889 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deema Hijjawi''' ( amezaliwa mwaka 1977) ni [[Yordani]]ia ambaye ni [[mpishi]], mwandishi na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa klabu ya upishi ya ''Deema Hijjawi Cooking Club'', na ni mmoja wa wapishi Waarabu wanaofuatiliwa zaidi kwenye mitandao ya kijamii. == Wasifu == Hijjawi ni mpishi na mtangazaji wa televisheni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2019-05-25 |title=إكسترا في أسبوع مع الشيف ديما حجاوي |url=https://www.bbc.com/arabic/tv-and-radio-48410890 |access-date=2023-01-18 |website=BBC News عربي |language=ar}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hijjawi, Deema}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Yordani]] mx4t75pv99w9y0ugdyo26elhtavf66k 0 233954 1540781 2026-05-12T06:22:17Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alie Badara Mansaray''' alikuwa Kamishna wa Tume ya Kitaifa ya Hatua za Kijamii ya [[Sierra Leone]] (NaCSA) kuanzia Desemba 2014 hadi mwaka 2018. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Njala na shahada ya awali ya Elimu ya Kilimo mnamo mwaka 1983, na akapata Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Masomo ya Maendeleo kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha East Anglia mnamo mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone News : MPs Approve Elvis Kargbo, Esq.: Sierra Leone News|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_200526800.shtml|work=news.sl|accessdate=2026-05-12|author=Sylvia Blyden}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NACSA, World Vision Partner to Cater for Vulnerable Communities - Sierra Leone Times|url=http://www.sierraleonetimes.com/index.php/sid/229407553|work=www.sierraleonetimes.com|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 0j5u9ttxdct3mduwh78dty6znk534j0 0 233955 1540782 2026-05-12T06:24:01Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Georgianna Hiliadaki''' ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka [[Ugiriki]], mwenye nyota ya Michelin, na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa Funky Gourmet.<ref name="Calcalist">{{cite web |title=Israel-Greece Conference "Food connects people, and that's what Greek cuisine does" |url=[https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/by2q3zpoq](https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/by2q3zpoq) |website=Calcalist |date=7 Juni 2022 |access-date=7 Oktoba 2022}}</re...' 1540782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georgianna Hiliadaki''' ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka [[Ugiriki]], mwenye nyota ya Michelin, na mmiliki wa mgahawa wa Funky Gourmet.<ref name="Calcalist">{{cite web |title=Israel-Greece Conference "Food connects people, and that's what Greek cuisine does" |url=[https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/by2q3zpoq](https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/by2q3zpoq) |website=Calcalist |date=7 Juni 2022 |access-date=7 Oktoba 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ugiriki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 85ghzhe65mo13xl86pupeepz23mdcpl 0 233956 1540783 2026-05-12T06:24:58Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nunzia Catalfo''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Alihudumu kama Wizara ya Kazi na Sera za Jamii (Italia)|Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte II]] kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nunzia Catalfo nuovo ministro del Lavoro: prende il posto di Di Maio |url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2019/09/04/news/nunzia_catalfo_nuovo_...' 1540783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nunzia Catalfo''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Alihudumu kama Wizara ya Kazi na Sera za Jamii (Italia)|Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte II]] kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nunzia Catalfo nuovo ministro del Lavoro: prende il posto di Di Maio |url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2019/09/04/news/nunzia_catalfo_nuovo_ministro_del_lavoro_prende_il_posto_di_di_maio-235190561/|accessdate=16 September 2019|work=La Repubblica|date=4 September 2019|language=it-IT}}</ref> == Wasifu == Catalfo alizaliwa mjini [[Catania]], [[Sicily]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kwa takriban miaka 30 kama mshauri wa masuala ya ajira na mwongozo wa kitaaluma. Aliingia katika Baraza la Seneti la Italia kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2013 na kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2018. Akiwa seneta, alijulikana kama "mama" wa sheria ya ''Reddito di cittadinanza'' (kipato cha msingi kwa raia), ambayo ilikuwa moja ya sera kuu za chama cha M5S kupambana na umaskini. Pia amekuwa mstari wa mbele katika kupigania kuanzishwa kwa kima cha chini cha mshahara nchini Italia na kuimarisha haki za wafanyakazi wanaofanya kazi majumbani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00029066.htm|title=Scheda di attività di Nunzia CATALFO - XVIII Legislatura|publisher=Senato della Repubblica|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967||Catalfo, Nunzia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cu0yf6t9olf1ba0i50a2gfa5eu0lo8m 0 233957 1540784 2026-05-12T06:25:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laurie Tisch''' (alizaliwa [[1951]]) ni mwekezaji, mfadhili, na bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=ForbesBillionairesJoan>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/laurie-tisch/?sh=64ae64664153 Forbes: The World's Billionaires - Laurie Tisch] May 2021</ref> Yeye ni binti wa [[Preston Robert Tisch]] (mwenyekiti wa Loews Corporation) na mdogo wa Andrew Tisch] na James S. Tisch.<ref name="observer.com">{{Cite web |last=Kurson |first=Ken |date=2013-10-24 |title=L...' 1540784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurie Tisch''' (alizaliwa [[1951]]) ni mwekezaji, mfadhili, na bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=ForbesBillionairesJoan>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/laurie-tisch/?sh=64ae64664153 Forbes: The World's Billionaires - Laurie Tisch] May 2021</ref> Yeye ni binti wa [[Preston Robert Tisch]] (mwenyekiti wa Loews Corporation) na mdogo wa Andrew Tisch] na James S. Tisch.<ref name="observer.com">{{Cite web |last=Kurson |first=Ken |date=2013-10-24 |title=Laurie Tisch Illuminates Children's Lives |url=https://observer.com/2013/10/laurie-tisch-illuminates-childrens-lives/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>Ni mwenyekiti mwenza wa bodi ya The Center for Arts Education, mkuu wa Ilona maLimor Gallery, na mwanzilishi wa mradi wa Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund |url=https://illuminationfund.org/ |website=Illumination Fund |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Kulingana na Forbes, at the time of April 2015, alikuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.8. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] s8svu84tghoxumqmcekp2u8khwqk6dt 1540946 1540784 2026-05-12T11:24:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurie Tisch''' (alizaliwa [[1951]]) ni mwekezaji, mfadhili, na bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=ForbesBillionairesJoan>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/laurie-tisch/?sh=64ae64664153 Forbes: The World's Billionaires - Laurie Tisch] May 2021</ref> Yeye ni binti wa [[Preston Robert Tisch]] (mwenyekiti wa Loews Corporation) na mdogo wa Andrew Tisch] na James S. Tisch.<ref name="observer.com">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Kurson |first=Ken |date=2013-10-24 |title=Laurie Tisch Illuminates Children's Lives |url=https://observer.com/2013/10/laurie-tisch-illuminates-childrens-lives/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>Ni mwenyekiti mwenza wa bodi ya The Center for Arts Education, mkuu wa Ilona maLimor Gallery, na mwanzilishi wa mradi wa Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund |url=https://illuminationfund.org/ |website=Illumination Fund |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Kulingana na Forbes, at the time of April 2015, alikuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 1.8. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ahbhwx9ealrgq293qyp4g1f55n1j1d5 0 233958 1540785 2026-05-12T06:27:33Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rita Jaima Paru''' ni mjasiriamali wa chakula kutoka [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]]], ambaye hapo awali alikuwa akiendesha kampuni ya ''Dial-a-Lunch''. == Kazi == Rita Jaima Paru alizaliwa nchini [[Papua Guinea Mpya]], ambako alisoma katika shule ya sekondari ya Marianville High School. Alijiunga na Papua New Guinea University of Technology mwaka 1997, lakini aliacha masomo baada ya kujifungua binti yake. Baada ya kupata mtoto wa pili mwaka uliofuata, alianza...' 1540785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rita Jaima Paru''' ni mjasiriamali wa chakula kutoka [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]]], ambaye hapo awali alikuwa akiendesha kampuni ya ''Dial-a-Lunch''. == Kazi == Rita Jaima Paru alizaliwa nchini [[Papua Guinea Mpya]], ambako alisoma katika shule ya sekondari ya Marianville High School. Alijiunga na Papua New Guinea University of Technology mwaka 1997, lakini aliacha masomo baada ya kujifungua binti yake. Baada ya kupata mtoto wa pili mwaka uliofuata, alianza kufanya biashara ya upishi kutoka nyumbani kwake ili kuwahudumia watoto wake. Alitumia sehemu ya mapato yake kusomea masomo ya uuzaji, utalii na biashara. Mwaka 2000 alianzisha biashara ya ''Dial-a-Lunch'', lakini biashara hiyo ilifungwa baada ya miaka mitatu.<ref name="success">{{cite news|title=Rita finds success in cooking|url=http://www.thenational.com.pg/rita-finds-success-in-cooking/|accessdate=30 Novemba 2017|work=The National|date=6 Julai 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Paru, Rita Jaima}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Papua Guinea Mpya]] 8i5mxpabgdjkw2dm3rrv1l7mxxil9hu 0 233959 1540786 2026-05-12T06:28:55Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew''' '''Victor''' '''Lungay''' (alizaliwa Mei 16, 1942) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Sierra Leone]] kutoka chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). Yeye ni mbunge katika Bunge la Sierra Leone akiwakilisha Wilaya ya Kenema tangu mwaka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.focus-on-sierra-leone.co.uk/|work=www.focus-on-sierra-leone.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] ffdcceku3efi64srg1k00lb0oivu4ld 0 233960 1540787 2026-05-12T06:28:55Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''David Alan Tepper''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 11]], [[1957]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa hazina ya uwekezaji, mwanzilishi na rais wa Appaloosa Management, hazina ya uwekezaji ya kimataifa yenye makao yake [[Miami Beach, Florida]].<ref name="nymag.com">{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/nymag/rss/business/68513/index3.html#print|title=Ready to Be Rich|website=NYMag.com|date=September 22, 2010 |access-date=January 3, 2019|archive-date=November 18, 2018|...' 1540787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Alan Tepper''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 11]], [[1957]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa hazina ya uwekezaji, mwanzilishi na rais wa Appaloosa Management, hazina ya uwekezaji ya kimataifa yenye makao yake [[Miami Beach, Florida]].<ref name="nymag.com">{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/nymag/rss/business/68513/index3.html#print|title=Ready to Be Rich|website=NYMag.com|date=September 22, 2010 |access-date=January 3, 2019|archive-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118213435/http://nymag.com/nymag/rss/business/68513/index3.html#print|url-status=live}}</ref>Yeye pia ni mmiliki wa Carolina Panthers ya ''National Football League (NFL)'' na ''Charlotte FC'' wa ''Major League Soccer (MLS)''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2018/04/17/the-25-highest-earning-hedge-fund-managers-and-traders-3/#3cb052053596|title=The 25 Highest-Earning Hedge Fund Managers And Traders|date=April 17, 2018|newspaper=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=July 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707082630/https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2018/04/17/the-25-highest-earning-hedge-fund-managers-and-traders-3/#3cb052053596|url-status=live}}</ref>Kulingana na [[Forbes]], kufikia Februari [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 21.9, na kumfanya kuwa tajiri wa 87 duniani.<ref>[https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/pay-stretching-to-10-figures/ ''Hedge Fund Titans’ Pay Stretching to 10 Figures''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016141128/http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/pay-stretching-to-10-figures/ |date=October 16, 2015 }} April 15, 2013, New York Times</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fnrkqniq1tr8ts4pyb6cswc7hdccehm 1540885 1540787 2026-05-12T10:05:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Alan Tepper''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 11]], [[1957]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa hazina ya uwekezaji, mwanzilishi na rais wa Appaloosa Management, hazina ya uwekezaji ya kimataifa yenye makao yake [[Miami Beach, Florida]].<ref name="nymag.com">{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/nymag/rss/business/68513/index3.html#print|title=Ready to Be Rich|website=NYMag.com|date=September 22, 2010 |access-date=January 3, 2019|archive-date=November 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118213435/http://nymag.com/nymag/rss/business/68513/index3.html#print|url-status=live}}</ref>Yeye pia ni mmiliki wa Carolina Panthers ya ''National Football League (NFL)'' na ''Charlotte FC'' wa ''Major League Soccer (MLS)''.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2018/04/17/the-25-highest-earning-hedge-fund-managers-and-traders-3/#3cb052053596|title=The 25 Highest-Earning Hedge Fund Managers And Traders|date=April 17, 2018|newspaper=Forbes|language=en|archive-date=July 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707082630/https://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanvardi/2018/04/17/the-25-highest-earning-hedge-fund-managers-and-traders-3/#3cb052053596|url-status=live}}</ref>Kulingana na [[Forbes]], kufikia Februari [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 21.9, na kumfanya kuwa tajiri wa 87 duniani.<ref>[https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/pay-stretching-to-10-figures/ ''Hedge Fund Titans’ Pay Stretching to 10 Figures''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016141128/http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/04/15/pay-stretching-to-10-figures/ |date=October 16, 2015 }} April 15, 2013, New York Times</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fvo4loeswp21nfgzzsmeaxwwgbops9a 0 233961 1540788 2026-05-12T06:31:06Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Justine Li''' ni mtu kutoka [[Taiwan (kisiwa)|Taiwan]], mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa. Mwaka 2020 alitunukiwa nyota ya Michelin kwa mgahawa wake wa ''Fleur De Sel'', na kuwa mpishi mwanamke wa kwanza nchini Taiwan kupata tuzo hiyo. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Li aliacha shule akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 ili kuanza kufanya kazi.<ref name="Taiwan Plus">{{cite web |title=How This Woman Became a Michelin Star Chef in Taiwan - In Her Shoes |url=[https://w...' 1540788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Justine Li''' ni mtu kutoka [[Taiwan (kisiwa)|Taiwan]], mpishi na mmiliki wa mgahawa. Mwaka 2020 alitunukiwa nyota ya Michelin kwa mgahawa wake wa ''Fleur De Sel'', na kuwa mpishi mwanamke wa kwanza nchini Taiwan kupata tuzo hiyo. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Li aliacha shule akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 ili kuanza kufanya kazi.<ref name="Taiwan Plus">{{cite web |title=How This Woman Became a Michelin Star Chef in Taiwan - In Her Shoes |url=[https://www.taiwanplus.com/shows/lifestyle/in-her-shoes/250701012/how-this-woman-became-a-michelin-star-chef-in-taiwan-in-her-shoes](https://www.taiwanplus.com/shows/lifestyle/in-her-shoes/250701012/how-this-woman-became-a-michelin-star-chef-in-taiwan-in-her-shoes) |website=taiwanplus.com |publisher=[[Taiwan Plus]] |access-date=22 Julai 2025}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Taiwan]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nzfo8vi1bpecyzu3i6q7ssefs7wrazz 0 233962 1540789 2026-05-12T06:32:33Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Siddika Kabir''' (7 Mei 1931 – 31 Januari 2012) alikuwa mtaalamu wa lishe, mhadhiri wa chuo kikuu, mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi, na mtangazaji wa kipindi cha upishi wa televisheni kutoka [[Bangladesh]]. Akiwa profesa, Kabir aliandaa na pia alishiriki katika vipindi vya televisheni vinavyoonyesha mapishi ya Bangladesh, ikiwemo kipindi ''Siddiqua Kabir's Recipe'' kwenye NTV Bangla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Siddika Kabir passes away |url=https://today.th...' 1540789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siddika Kabir''' (7 Mei 1931 – 31 Januari 2012) alikuwa mtaalamu wa lishe, mhadhiri wa chuo kikuu, mwandishi wa vitabu vya mapishi, na mtangazaji wa kipindi cha upishi wa televisheni kutoka [[Bangladesh]]. Akiwa profesa, Kabir aliandaa na pia alishiriki katika vipindi vya televisheni vinavyoonyesha mapishi ya Bangladesh, ikiwemo kipindi ''Siddiqua Kabir's Recipe'' kwenye NTV Bangla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Siddika Kabir passes away |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/print/siddika-kabir-passes-away |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir, Siddika}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Bangladesh]] 9ial0pt09bfy800aibh7y0syo3oupy9 0 233963 1540790 2026-05-12T06:33:19Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vanessa Cattoi''' (alizaliwa 12 Julai 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307716&idLegislatura=19|title=Cattoi Vanessa – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cattoi alizaliwa mjini [[Rovereto]], katika mkoa unaojiendesha wa Trentino-South...' 1540790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vanessa Cattoi''' (alizaliwa 12 Julai 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307716&idLegislatura=19|title=Cattoi Vanessa – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cattoi alizaliwa mjini [[Rovereto]], katika mkoa unaojiendesha wa [[Trentino-South Tyrol]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alipata uzoefu katika uongozi wa serikali za mitaa na utawala wa umma. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Baraza la Wawakilishi katika [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]] na kufanikiwa kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2022. Katika bunge, amekuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Bajeti, Hazina na Mipango, akijikita zaidi katika masuala ya fedha na maendeleo ya maeneo ya milimani. Mnamo mwaka 2024, alianza pia kuhudumu kama mshauri wa manispaa (assessor) katika mji wa [[Ala, Trentino|Ala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/vanessa-cattoi-1980-07-12|title=Vanessa Cattoi|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980||Cattoi, Vanessa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ka0l0dba0wwko2f0ecyymrj52wpaa58 0 233964 1540792 2026-05-12T06:40:16Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vanessa Cattoi''' (alizaliwa 12 Julai 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307716&idLegislatura=19|title=Cattoi Vanessa – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cattoi alizaliwa mjini [[Rovereto]], katika mkoa unaojiendesha wa Trentino-South...' 1540792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vanessa Cattoi''' (alizaliwa 12 Julai 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307716&idLegislatura=19|title=Cattoi Vanessa – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cattoi alizaliwa mjini [[Rovereto]], katika mkoa unaojiendesha wa [[Trentino-South Tyrol]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alipata uzoefu katika uongozi wa serikali za mitaa na utawala wa umma. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Baraza la Wawakilishi katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 na kufanikiwa kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2022. Katika bunge, amekuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Bajeti, Hazina na Mipango, akijikita zaidi katika masuala ya fedha na maendeleo ya maeneo ya milimani. Mnamo mwaka 2024, alianza pia kuhudumu kama mshauri wa manispaa (assessor) katika mji wa [[Ala, Trentino|Ala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/vanessa-cattoi-1980-07-12|title=Vanessa Cattoi|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980||Cattoi, Vanessa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b5idtrha10pspndnvx97yqgf8hgaqt2 0 233965 1540796 2026-05-12T06:53:52Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ilaria Cavo''' (alizaliwa 11 Oktoba 1973) ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/19-308785|title=Ilaria Cavo|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cavo alizaliwa mjini [[Genoa]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri kama mwand...' 1540796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilaria Cavo''' (alizaliwa 11 Oktoba 1973) ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/19-308785|title=Ilaria Cavo|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cavo alizaliwa mjini [[Genoa]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa na wasifu mashuhuri kama mwandishi wa habari wa televisheni, akifanya kazi na vituo vikubwa kama Mediaset na Primocanale. Alijulikana sana kwa kuripoti matukio makubwa ya uhalifu na habari za uchunguzi nchini Italia. Mnamo mwaka 2015, aliingia kwenye siasa na kuteuliwa kuwa mshauri wa mkoa (assessor) katika mkoa wa [[Liguria]], akishughulikia masuala ya elimu, mafunzo, na utamaduni chini ya uongozi wa Giovanni Toti. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi kupitia muungano wa mrengo wa kulia. Tangu tarehe 23 Julai 2025, amekuwa akihudumu kama Rais wa Baraza la Kitaifa la chama cha [[Us Moderates|Noi Moderati]] (Sisi ni Wastani), akichukua nafasi ya Giovanni Toti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.primocanale.it/politica/56766-genova-ilaria-cavo-succede-toti-eletta-presidente-consiglio-nazionale.html|title=Ilaria Cavo eletta presidente Consiglio nazionale di Noi Moderati|work=[[:it:Primocanale|Primocanale]]|date=23 Julai 2025|language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973||Cavo, Ilaria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] op86gpm1d25h12y37zj09zjyr0x20qk 0 233966 1540797 2026-05-12T06:58:50Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Susanna Ceccardi''' (alizaliwa 19 Machi 1987)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/toscana/37-cascina/76-amministrazione/| title=Amministrazione comunale Cascina | accessdate=6 January 2018|language=it |website=www.tuttitalia.it}}</ref> ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Mei 2019, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]].<ref name=Nazione2019>{{cite news|url=https://www.lanazione.it/politica/nuovi-eurodeputati-1.4615255 |title= Elezioni,...' 1540797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susanna Ceccardi''' (alizaliwa 19 Machi 1987)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/toscana/37-cascina/76-amministrazione/| title=Amministrazione comunale Cascina | accessdate=6 January 2018|language=it |website=www.tuttitalia.it}}</ref> ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Mnamo Mei 2019, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]].<ref name=Nazione2019>{{cite news|url=https://www.lanazione.it/politica/nuovi-eurodeputati-1.4615255 |title= Elezioni, ecco i nuovi eurodeputati "toscani": passano Ceccardi e Bonafé|publisher=[[La Nazione]]|date=27 May 2009|accessdate=28 May 2019 |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Ceccardi alizaliwa mjini [[Pisa]] na kukulia mkoani [[Cascina]]. Ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Alijipatia umaarufu wa kitaifa mnamo mwaka 2016 alipochaguliwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Meya wa Cascina, eneo ambalo kihistoria lilikuwa ngome ya mrengo wa kushoto kwa zaidi ya miaka 70.<ref name=npr2019>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/08/14/749898871/long-a-bastion-of-the-left-tuscany-is-turning-hard-right?t=1567677420915&t=1567693614790|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=14 August 2019|access-date=30 December 2019|first=Sylvia|last=Poggiolo|title=Long A Bastion Of The Left, Tuscany Is Turning Hard Right}}</ref> Alihudumu kama meya hadi mwezi Juni 2019 alipojiuzulu baada ya kuchaguliwa kwenda Bunge la Ulaya.<ref name=TirrenoJune2019>{{cite news|title=Scontro dem-Lega sul passaggio di consegne al vice Dario Rollo|accessdate=12 July 2019|publisher=[[Il Tirreno]]|url=https://iltirreno.gelocal.it/pontedera/cronaca/2019/06/26/news/scontro-dem-lega-sul-passaggio-of-consegne-al-vice-dario-rollo-1.35903910|language=it|date=27 June 2019}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2020, alikuwa mgombea wa urais wa mkoa wa [[Toscana]] kwa niaba ya muungano wa mrengo wa kulia, ambapo alishika nafasi ya pili. Ceccardi anajulikana kwa msimamo wake mkali kuhusu usalama na uhamiaji, akifuata kaulimbiu ya "Waitaliano kwanza." == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1987||Ceccardi, Susanna}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Pisa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5dkhwv5keqduf6vckxpu8cvdf12ss9s 0 233967 1540798 2026-05-12T07:02:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Gabriella Ceccatelli''', anayejulikana kama '''Gabriella''' (1 Desemba 1927 – 21 Februari 2001), alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Prato]] na alikuwa mwanachama mashuhuri wa chama cha [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Demokrasia ya Kikristo]] (DC). Ceccatelli alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia kuanzia mwaka 1983 hadi 1992, akiwakilisha mkoa wa [[Lazio]]. Mbali na majukumu yake bungeni, alihudumu k...' 1540798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Gabriella Ceccatelli''', anayejulikana kama '''Gabriella''' (1 Desemba 1927 – 21 Februari 2001), alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mjini [[Prato]] na alikuwa mwanachama mashuhuri wa chama cha [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Demokrasia ya Kikristo]] (DC). Ceccatelli alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia kuanzia mwaka 1983 hadi 1992, akiwakilisha mkoa wa [[Lazio]]. Mbali na majukumu yake bungeni, alihudumu kama Katibu wa Jimbo (undersecretary) katika Wizara ya Mazingira katika serikali kadhaa kati ya mwaka 1987 na 1992. Alijulikana pia kwa harakati zake ndani ya vuguvugu la wanawake wa Kikristo nchini Italia, akihimiza ushiriki wa wanawake katika siasa na maamuzi ya kiserikali. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1927|2001|Ceccatelli, Anna Gabriella}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Maseneta wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] h86jcpfgyi73mb5rskwq9zc5fggfjne 0 233968 1540800 2026-05-12T07:06:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Matilde Celentano''' (alizaliwa 14 Oktoba 1959) ni daktari na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama Meya wa Latina tangu mwezi Mei 2023. == Wasifu == Celentano alizaliwa mjini [[Carbonia]], [[Sardinia]], lakini amejenga maisha na wasifu wake mjini [[Latina]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni daktari bingwa wa upasuaji, akibobea katika masuala ya tiba ya viungo (physiatry). Kabla ya kuingia kikamilifu kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kwa miaka mingi katika sekta y...' 1540800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matilde Celentano''' (alizaliwa 14 Oktoba 1959) ni daktari na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama Meya wa Latina tangu mwezi Mei 2023. == Wasifu == Celentano alizaliwa mjini [[Carbonia]], [[Sardinia]], lakini amejenga maisha na wasifu wake mjini [[Latina]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni daktari bingwa wa upasuaji, akibobea katika masuala ya tiba ya viungo (physiatry). Kabla ya kuingia kikamilifu kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kwa miaka mingi katika sekta ya afya ya umma. Mwanachama wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] (FdI), Celentano alianza harakati zake za kisiasa kama diwani wa manispaa ya Latina mwaka 2016. Mnamo Mei 2023, aliandika historia kwa kuchaguliwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Meya wa Latina, akishinda kwa kura nyingi katika duru ya kwanza kupitia muungano wa mrengo wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.comune.latina.it/citta/il-sindaco/|title=Il Sindaco Matilde Celentano|publisher=Comune di Latina|language=it}}</ref> Uongozi wake unajikita katika kuboresha miundombinu ya mji, huduma za afya, na kurejesha hadhi ya mji wa Latina kama kitovu cha uchumi katika mkoa wa [[Lazio]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959||Celentano, Matilde}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1srzhkgw385uu7sazwkvg8sqo529d3q 0 233969 1540802 2026-05-12T07:12:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ' '''Paola Maria Chiesa''' (alizaliwa 12 Septemba 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://laprovinciapavese.gelocal.it/pavia/cronaca/2022/09/27/news/paola-chiesa-eletta-alla-camera-mi-piacerebbe-occuparmi-della-difesa-1.41689550|title=Paola Chiesa eletta alla Camera: «Mi piacere...' 1540802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paola Maria Chiesa''' (alizaliwa 12 Septemba 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://laprovinciapavese.gelocal.it/pavia/cronaca/2022/09/27/news/paola-chiesa-eletta-alla-camera-mi-piacerebbe-occuparmi-della-difesa-1.41689550|title=Paola Chiesa eletta alla Camera: «Mi piacerebbe occuparmi della difesa»|work=[[La Provincia Pavese]]|date=27 September 2022|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Chiesa alizaliwa mjini [[Pavia]]. Kitaaluma ana shahada ya fasihi ya kisasa na kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu. Pia anajulikana kwa utaalamu wake na mapenzi yake kwenye masuala ya kijeshi na historia ya wanajeshi wa Italia (Alpini). Kwenye siasa za mitaa, alihudumu kama kiongozi wa kundi la chama cha Fratelli d'Italia katika baraza la mji wa Pavia hadi mwaka 2023, alipojiuzulu ili kuzingatia zaidi majukumu yake ya kitaifa bungeni.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://laprovinciapavese.gelocal.it/pavia/cronaca/2023/06/10/news/la_deputata_chiesa_pronta_a_lasciare_il_seggio_in_consiglio-12850389/|title=La deputata Chiesa pronta a lasciare il seggio in Consiglio|work=[[La Provincia Pavese]]|date=10 June 2023|language=it}}</ref> Katika Baraza la Wawakilishi, yeye ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Ulinzi, ambapo amekuwa akishughulikia masuala yanayohusu majeshi na usalama wa nchi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979||Chiesa, Paola Maria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ihnftpgb84o79qdosl9p1y8296h1lta 0 233970 1540803 2026-05-12T07:16:38Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston''', GCMG (19 Agosti 1898 – 14 Desemba 1969) alikuwa [[mwanadiplomasia]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone. Alikuwa mzawa wa kwanza wa Sierra Leone kuwa Gavana-Jenerali wa nchi hiyo. Alikuwa mwanachama wa kabila la Krio (Creole), ambao ni wazawa wa watumwa walioachwa huru kutoka Nova Scotia, Marekani, na Uingereza waliowasili Freetown kati ya mwaka 1792 na 1855.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Abdulai Conteh Comments on Controversial Speaker Issue|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2013-11-22|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Coin Designs - Bank of Sierra Leone|url=http://www.bankofsierraleone-centralbank.org/coin_designs.html|work=www.bankofsierraleone-centralbank.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> 82zkqj6ba2ne5e0z79nlarircfh6abn 1540908 1540803 2026-05-12T10:33:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Henry Josiah Lightfoot Boston''', GCMG (19 Agosti 1898 – 14 Desemba 1969) alikuwa [[mwanadiplomasia]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone. Alikuwa mzawa wa kwanza wa Sierra Leone kuwa Gavana-Jenerali wa nchi hiyo. Alikuwa mwanachama wa kabila la Krio (Creole), ambao ni wazawa wa watumwa walioachwa huru kutoka Nova Scotia, Marekani, na Uingereza waliowasili Freetown kati ya mwaka 1792 na 1855.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Abdulai Conteh Comments on Controversial Speaker Issue|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/dr-abdulai-conteh-comments-on-controversial-speaker-issue|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|date=2013-11-22|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en|author=The Patriotic Vanguard}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Coin Designs - Bank of Sierra Leone|url=http://www.bankofsierraleone-centralbank.org/coin_designs.html|work=www.bankofsierraleone-centralbank.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> tcwxbd5kgbbimsxsn68m6hudsew2ira 0 233971 1540804 2026-05-12T07:16:40Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Monica Ciaburro''' (alizaliwa 12 Aprili 1970) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307511&idLegislatura=19|title=Ciaburro Monica – FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Ciaburro alizaliwa mjini [[Cuneo]], katika mkoa wa [[Piedmont]]. Yeye ni mwanachama w...' 1540804 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monica Ciaburro''' (alizaliwa 12 Aprili 1970) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307511&idLegislatura=19|title=Ciaburro Monica – FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Ciaburro alizaliwa mjini [[Cuneo]], katika mkoa wa [[Piedmont]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] (FdI). Mbali na majukumu yake katika bunge la kitaifa, amekuwa akihudumu kama Meya wa mji wa [[Argentera]] tangu mwaka 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/monica-ciaburro-1970-04-12-2|title=Monica Ciaburro|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Katika Baraza la Wawakilishi, amekuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kilimo, ambapo anajulikana kwa kutetea maslahi ya maeneo ya milimani, uchumi wa vijijini, na sekta ya mifugo. Amekuwa mstari wa mbele katika kuandaa sera zinazolinda bidhaa za asili za Italia na kusaidia jamii ndogo ndogo za pembezoni kukabiliana na changamoto za kiuchumi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970||Ciaburro, Monica}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2pdf4edahtqqcx7zw02eeedc97edgqi 0 233972 1540806 2026-05-12T07:32:22Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Maria Cisint''' (alizaliwa 7 Oktoba 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya]] katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Ulaya wa 2024 nchini Italia|uchaguzi wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.il-meridiano.it/notizie/politica/10236-elezioni-europee-2024-anna-maria-cisint-eletta-al-parlamento.html|title=Elezioni europee 2024: Anna Maria Cisint eletta al Parlamento|work=Il Meridi...' 1540806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Maria Cisint''' (alizaliwa 7 Oktoba 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya]] katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Ulaya wa 2024 nchini Italia|uchaguzi wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.il-meridiano.it/notizie/politica/10236-elezioni-europee-2024-anna-maria-cisint-eletta-al-parlamento.html|title=Elezioni europee 2024: Anna Maria Cisint eletta al Parlamento|work=Il Meridiano|date=10 June 2024|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cisint alizaliwa mjini [[Cormons]]. Alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa kitaifa alipohudumu kama Meya wa [[Monfalcone]] kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2024. Monfalcone ni mji wenye viwanda vikubwa vya meli, na wakati wa uongozi wake, alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika siasa za mkoa wa [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]. Anajulikana kwa misimamo yake mikali na yenye utata kuhusu uhamiaji, hususan kuhusiana na jamii ya Waislamu mjini Monfalcone. Amekuwa akipinga kile anachokiita "uislamishaji" wa mji wake, hatua zilizojumuisha kufungwa kwa vituo vya utamaduni na maeneo ya sala, pamoja na kupiga marufuku uvaaji wa mavazi ya kidini (kama burkini) katika fukwe za umma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilfoglio.it/politica/2024/06/11/news/chi-e-anna-maria-cisint-l-ultima-dei-salviniani-6638903/|title=Chi è Anna Maria Cisint, l'ultima dei salviniani|work=[[Il Foglio]]|date=11 June 2024|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo Juni 2024, alijiuzulu nafasi ya umeya baada ya kuchaguliwa kuwakilisha Italia katika Bunge la Ulaya kupitia chama cha Lega kinachoongozwa na [[Matteo Salvini]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963||Cisint, Anna Maria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 82615u83ro33qlpji3tb3o0gbj1htdg 0 233973 1540808 2026-05-12T07:35:41Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Maria Cisint''' (alizaliwa 7 Oktoba 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Ulaya wa 2024 nchini Italia|uchaguzi wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.il-meridiano.it/notizie/politica/10236-elezioni-europee-2024-anna-maria-cisint-eletta-al-parlamento.html|title=Elezioni europee 2024: Anna Maria Cisint eletta al Parlamento|work=Il Meridian...' 1540808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Maria Cisint''' (alizaliwa 7 Oktoba 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Ulaya wa 2024 nchini Italia|uchaguzi wa mwaka 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.il-meridiano.it/notizie/politica/10236-elezioni-europee-2024-anna-maria-cisint-eletta-al-parlamento.html|title=Elezioni europee 2024: Anna Maria Cisint eletta al Parlamento|work=Il Meridiano|date=10 June 2024|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cisint alizaliwa mjini [[Cormons]]. Alijipatia umaarufu mkubwa kitaifa alipohudumu kama Meya wa [[Monfalcone]] kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2024. Monfalcone ni mji wenye viwanda vikubwa vya meli, na wakati wa uongozi wake, alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika siasa za mkoa wa [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]. Anajulikana kwa misimamo yake mikali na yenye utata kuhusu uhamiaji, hususan kuhusiana na jamii ya Waislamu mjini Monfalcone. Amekuwa akipinga kile anachokiita "uislamishaji" wa mji wake, hatua zilizojumuisha kufungwa kwa vituo vya utamaduni na maeneo ya sala, pamoja na kupiga marufuku uvaaji wa mavazi ya kidini (kama burkini) katika fukwe za umma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ilfoglio.it/politica/2024/06/11/news/chi-e-anna-maria-cisint-l-ultima-dei-salviniani-6638903/|title=Chi è Anna Maria Cisint, l'ultima dei salviniani|work=[[Il Foglio]]|date=11 June 2024|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo Juni 2024, alijiuzulu nafasi ya umeya baada ya kuchaguliwa kuwakilisha Italia katika Bunge la Ulaya kupitia chama cha Lega kinachoongozwa na [[Matteo Salvini]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963||Cisint, Anna Maria}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Mameya wa miji ya Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ek0n8hck3gbk0awkbdkw5gzqaknaul4 0 233974 1540809 2026-05-12T07:36:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vladimir Tenev''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 13]], [[1987]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi mwenza (pamoja na [[Baiju Bhatt]]), mwenyekiti, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Robinhood, kampuni ya huduma za teknolojia ya kifedha ya Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vlad Tenev Net Worth: A Deep Dive into the Robinhood Co-Founder's Fortune |url=https://news.oblivious.online/trending/vlad-tenev-net-worth-a-deep-dive-into-the-r...' 1540809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vladimir Tenev''' (Alizaliwa [[Februari 13]], [[1987]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi mwenza (pamoja na [[Baiju Bhatt]]), mwenyekiti, na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Robinhood, kampuni ya huduma za teknolojia ya kifedha ya Marekani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vlad Tenev Net Worth: A Deep Dive into the Robinhood Co-Founder's Fortune |url=https://news.oblivious.online/trending/vlad-tenev-net-worth-a-deep-dive-into-the-robinhood-co-founders-fortune/ |website=Oblivious Online |date=2025-12-19 |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Tenev ana uraia wa [[Bulgaria]] na [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vlad Tenev |url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL12942361A/Vlad_Tenev |website=Open Library |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> Mnamo Desemba [[2025]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa takriban dola za [[Marekani]] bilioni 1.0.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vlad Tenev Net Worth: A Deep Dive into the Robinhood Co-Founder's Fortune |url=https://news.oblivious.online/trending/vlad-tenev-net-worth-a-deep-dive-into-the-robinhood-co-founders-fortune/ |website=Oblivious Online |date=2025-12-19 |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] eljgdscpmyf1xsreeiprajy6zqyvgfz 0 233975 1540811 2026-05-12T07:39:33Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rosalba Cimino''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1990) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - CIMINO Rosalba |url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307398&idLegislatura=18 |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=www.camera.it |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cimino ali...' 1540811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosalba Cimino''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1990) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - CIMINO Rosalba |url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307398&idLegislatura=18 |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=www.camera.it |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cimino alizaliwa mjini [[Agrigento]], [[Sicily]], na amekulia katika mji wa [[Grotte]]. Kitaaluma ana shahada ya fasihi na amekuwa mwalimu. Aliingia kwenye siasa kupitia harakati za Five Star Movement na kuchaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 akiwa na umri wa miaka 28 pekee. Akiwa bungeni, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kilimo na Kamati ya Utamaduni, Sayansi na Elimu. Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi, alijikita zaidi katika kutetea maslahi ya vijana, ulinzi wa mazingira, na kukuza sekta ya kilimo katika mkoa wa Sicily. Pia alikuwa sauti muhimu katika mijadala inayohusu uboreshaji wa miundombinu ya shule na haki za walimu nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990||Cimino, Rosalba}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa KUtoka Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7q4wcstxsgqsuaw3acy0z1d8oouhhl6 0 233976 1540812 2026-05-12T07:42:21Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Monica Cirinnà''' (alizaliwa 15 Februari 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia na alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Cirinnà alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]] na alisomea sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Roma La Sapienza. Kabla ya kujiunga na siasa za kitaifa, alihudumu kama diwani wa manispaa ya Roma kwa miaka mingi (1993–2013), akijikita za...' 1540812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monica Cirinnà''' (alizaliwa 15 Februari 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia na alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]] kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Cirinnà alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]] na alisomea sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Roma La Sapienza. Kabla ya kujiunga na siasa za kitaifa, alihudumu kama diwani wa manispaa ya Roma kwa miaka mingi (1993–2013), akijikita zaidi katika masuala ya haki za kijamii na mazingira. Anajulikana zaidi nchini Italia kama mwasisi na mtetezi mkuu wa sheria iliyohalalisha "Muungano wa Kiraia" (Civil Unions) kwa watu wa jinsia moja nchini Italia, sheria ambayo mara nyingi hujulikana kama "Sheria ya Cirinnà" (iliyopitishwa mwaka 2016). Katika kipindi chake bungeni, amekuwa sauti imara katika kutetea haki za jamii ya LGBTQ+, haki za wanawake, na ulinzi wa wanyama. Mnamo mwaka 2022, aligombea tena kiti cha useneta lakini hakufanikiwa kuchaguliwa kutokana na mabadiliko ya ushindi wa kisiasa kuelekea mrengo wa kulia, ingawa bado anaendelea kuwa mwanaharakati muhimu ndani ya Chama cha Kidemokrasia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963||Cirinnà, Monica}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Roma]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] iq9fwj59yuwax0kmeojrtk7k8c0xlvm 0 233977 1540813 2026-05-12T07:47:34Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Margherita Cogo''' (alizaliwa 2 Oktoba 1951) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Rais wa mkoa unaojiendesha wa [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] nchini [[Italia]], na pia alikuwa Makamu wa Rais wa kwanza wa mkoa huo. == Wasifu == Cogo alizaliwa mjini [[Tione di Trento]]. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa za kikanda, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu na alihudumu kama Meya wa Tione di Trento kuanzia mwaka 1990 hadi 1998. Aliandika historia mwaka 1999 alipochaguliwa k...' 1540813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margherita Cogo''' (alizaliwa 2 Oktoba 1951) alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Rais wa mkoa unaojiendesha wa [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]] nchini [[Italia]], na pia alikuwa Makamu wa Rais wa kwanza wa mkoa huo. == Wasifu == Cogo alizaliwa mjini [[Tione di Trento]]. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa za kikanda, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu na alihudumu kama Meya wa Tione di Trento kuanzia mwaka 1990 hadi 1998. Aliandika historia mwaka 1999 alipochaguliwa kuwa Rais wa mkoa wa Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol kupitia muungano wa mrengo wa kati na kushoto, nafasi aliyoishika hadi mwaka 2002. Baada ya kipindi chake cha urais, aliendelea kuhudumu katika serikali ya mkoa kama Makamu wa Rais na mshauri (assessor) anayeshughulikia masuala ya utamaduni. Anatambulika kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika kuimarisha mamlaka ya ndani ya mkoa (autonomy) na kukuza ushirikiano kati ya jamii zinazozungumza lugha tofauti mkoani humo. Cogo pia amekuwa mtetezi wa ushiriki wa wanawake katika nafasi za juu za maamuzi serikalini. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951||Cogo, Margherita}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9r8jgtfni0mwursouid4m8y76nsb86m 0 233978 1540814 2026-05-12T07:47:43Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peter Andreas Thiel''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 11]], [[1967]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]], mwekezaji katika biashari , na [[mwanaharakati]] wa siasa za kihafidhina nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Ujerumani]]. Mwanzilishi mwenza wa [[PayPal]] ([[1998]]), Palantir Technologies ([[2003]]), na Founders Fund ([[2005]]), pia alikuwa mwekezaji wa kwanza kutoka nje katika [[Facebook]] ([[2004]]).<ref name="GAHF">{{cite web |date=2018 |title=Honoring Mr. Peter Thie...' 1540814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Andreas Thiel''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 11]], [[1967]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]], mwekezaji katika biashari , na [[mwanaharakati]] wa siasa za kihafidhina nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Ujerumani]]. Mwanzilishi mwenza wa [[PayPal]] ([[1998]]), Palantir Technologies ([[2003]]), na Founders Fund ([[2005]]), pia alikuwa mwekezaji wa kwanza kutoka nje katika [[Facebook]] ([[2004]]).<ref name="GAHF">{{cite web |date=2018 |title=Honoring Mr. Peter Thiel 2018 Distinguished German-American of the Year |url=https://gahmusa.org/wp-content/uploads/gala-program%202018.pdf |access-date=22 September 2025 |website=gahmusa.org |publisher=German-American Heritage Foundation of the USA |page=9 |quote=He has also always remembered his roots and kept strong ties to his home country – holding German citizenship and visiting Germany on a regular basis. Mr. Thiel is a true example of German-American friendship and cooperation.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldberg |first1=Jonah |date=18 October 2022 |title=Goldberg: Why is Peter Thiel, a GOP megadonor, buying a Maltese passport? |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-10-18/peter-thiel-malta-jd-vance-blake-masters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018100947/https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-10-18/peter-thiel-malta-jd-vance-blake-masters |archive-date=18 October 2022 |url-status=live |work=Los Angeles Times |quote=Born in Germany, he has dual U.S. and German citizenship.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Peter Thiel's unusual path to New Zealand citizenship - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/peter-thiels-unusual-path-to-new-zealand-citizenship/ |work=www.cbsnews.com |date=1 February 2017 |quote=The 2011 documents show that Thiel also remained a citizen of Germany, where he was born.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Towey |first1=Hannah |title=Billionaire Silicon Valley investor Peter Thiel is in the process of acquiring Maltese citizenship, report says |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/peter-thiel-malta-golden-passport-citizenship-nyt-report-2022-10 |work=Business Insider |date=16 October 2022}}</ref>Kulingana na The New York Times, kufikia Desemba [[2025]], utajiri wa Thiel ulikadiriwa kufikia dola bilioni 27.5, na kumweka kati ya watu 100 tajiri zaidi duniani.<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Thiel's Vision for 2026: The Strategy Behind Palantir's Expansion |url=https://www.angelsforchange.com/peter-thiel-vision-2026-palantir-strategy/ |website=Angels for Change |access-date=2026-05-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rx9t5xirgtsbwpws7ilsvczbnkg1uls 0 233979 1540816 2026-05-12T07:54:08Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Beatriz Colombo''' (alizaliwa 13 Machi 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2022 kupitia chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=308926&idLegislatura=19|title=Colombo Beatriz – FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Colombo alizaliwa mjini Ri...' 1540816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatriz Colombo''' (alizaliwa 13 Machi 1978) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2022 kupitia chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=308926&idLegislatura=19|title=Colombo Beatriz – FdI|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Colombo alizaliwa mjini [[Rimini]] na kuishi mjini [[Riccione]]. Kitaaluma, ana shahada ya uzamili katika saikolojia ya kazi na mashirika kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Urbino, na kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alifanya kazi kama wakala wa shughuli za kifedha.<ref name="Openpolis">{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/beatriz-colombo-1978-03-13|title=Beatriz Colombo|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya chama cha Fratelli d'Italia tangu kuanzishwa kwake, akihudumu katika ngazi mbalimbali za mkoa wa [[Emilia-Romagna]]. Mnamo Juni 2022, alichaguliwa kuwa diwani wa manispaa ya Riccione. Katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022, alichaguliwa kuingia katika Baraza la Wawakilishi. Mnamo Mei 2023, alijiuzulu nafasi yake ya udiwani ili kuzingatia majukumu yake ya bunge la kitaifa, akifuata miongozo ya chama chake kuhusu kutoshikilia nyadhifa mbili kwa wakati mmoja.<ref name="Openpolis"/> Akiwa bungeni, amekuwa akihudumu katika Kamati ya Shughuli za Uzalishaji, Biashara, na Utalii, na pia amehusika katika kamati mbalimbali za uchunguzi wa bunge. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978||Colombo, Beatriz}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qwya964pvc5a5ej79ar2m7c1doqvalz 0 233981 1540820 2026-05-12T08:02:53Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Silvana Andreina Comaroli''' (alizaliwa 27 Machi 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Amekuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2018, baada ya kuhudumu hapo awali kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=302764&idLegislatura=19|title=Comaroli Silvana Andreina – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|languag...' 1540820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvana Andreina Comaroli''' (alizaliwa 27 Machi 1967) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]]. Amekuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2018, baada ya kuhudumu hapo awali kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=302764&idLegislatura=19|title=Comaroli Silvana Andreina – Lega|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Comaroli alizaliwa mjini [[Soncino]], katika mkoa wa [[Cremona]]. Kabla ya kujikita kikamilifu katika siasa za kitaifa, alijipatia uzoefu katika utawala wa serikali za mitaa katika eneo lake la asili. Katika kipindi cha kati ya mwaka 2013 na 2018, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Seneti la Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/leg/17/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00025531.htm|title=Silvana Andreina Comaroli|publisher= Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic |language=it}}</ref> Akiwa bungeni, Comaroli amekuwa mwanachama mahiri wa Kamati ya Bajeti, Hazina na Mipango. Anajulikana kwa utaalamu wake katika masuala ya fedha za umma na amekuwa msemaji wa chama chake katika mijadala inayohusu sheria za bajeti na usimamizi wa kodi. Pia amekuwa akitetea maslahi ya kiuchumi ya mkoa wa [[Lombardy]], hususan katika kusaidia biashara ndogo na za kati. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967||Comaroli, Silvana Andreina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 24l1snab8sl0paa2zexcj0oos6jqu5t 0 233982 1540821 2026-05-12T08:06:50Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Miriam Cominelli''' (alizaliwa 2 Aprili 1981) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Mkoa wa [[Lombardy]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consiglio.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/crl/home/istituzione/I-Consiglieri/elenco-consiglieri/Dettaglio-consigliere/consiglieri-xi-legislatura/con-miriam-cominelli/con-miriam-cominelli|title=Miriam Cominell...' 1540821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miriam Cominelli''' (alizaliwa 2 Aprili 1981) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Mkoa wa [[Lombardy]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consiglio.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/crl/home/istituzione/I-Consiglieri/elenco-consiglieri/Dettaglio-consigliere/consiglieri-xi-legislatura/con-miriam-cominelli/con-miriam-cominelli|title=Miriam Cominelli|publisher=[[Regional Council of Lombardy]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cominelli alizaliwa mjini [[Brescia]] na kitaaluma ni mhandisi wa ujenzi na usanifu. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya chama cha PD na mnamo mwaka 2012, alipata umaarufu kwa kupata kura nyingi zaidi katika kura za mchujo za chama hicho mkoani Lombardy kwa ajili ya uchaguzi mkuu. Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika bunge la 17 (2013–2018), ambapo alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Ardhi na Kazi za Umma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/17-305534|title=Miriam Cominelli|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza muda wake bungeni, alirejea katika siasa za mitaa na kuteuliwa kuwa mshauri wa mazingira (assessor) katika manispaa ya Brescia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. Mnamo Novemba 2022, aliingia katika Baraza la Mkoa wa Lombardy kuchukua nafasi ya Gian Antonio Girelli aliyekuwa amechaguliwa kwenda bunge la kitaifa. Katika uchaguzi wa mkoa wa mwaka 2023, alichaguliwa tena kwa kupata kura nyingi (zaidi ya 10,000), na kuendelea na majukumu yake ya kikanda akijikita katika masuala ya afya, mazingira, na mapambano dhidi ya uhalifu uliopangwa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981||Cominelli, Miriam}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] n879i757pe21juvs128jae6nbncdagc 1540903 1540821 2026-05-12T10:27:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540903 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miriam Cominelli''' (alizaliwa [[Brescia]], 2 Aprili 1981) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Mkoa wa [[Lombardia]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.consiglio.regione.lombardia.it/wps/portal/crl/home/istituzione/I-Consiglieri/elenco-consiglieri/Dettaglio-consigliere/consiglieri-xi-legislatura/con-miriam-cominelli/con-miriam-cominelli|title=Miriam Cominelli|publisher=[[Regional Council of Lombardy]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cominelli kitaaluma ni mhandisi wa ujenzi na usanifu. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya chama cha PD na mnamo mwaka 2012, alipata umaarufu kwa kupata kura nyingi zaidi katika kura za mchujo za chama hicho mkoani Lombardy kwa ajili ya uchaguzi mkuu. Alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika bunge la 17 (2013–2018), ambapo alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Ardhi na Kazi za Umma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/17-305534|title=Miriam Cominelli|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza muda wake bungeni, alirejea katika siasa za mitaa na kuteuliwa kuwa mshauri wa mazingira (assessor) katika manispaa ya Brescia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. Mnamo Novemba 2022, aliingia katika Baraza la Mkoa wa Lombardy kuchukua nafasi ya Gian Antonio Girelli aliyekuwa amechaguliwa kwenda bunge la kitaifa. Katika uchaguzi wa mkoa wa mwaka 2023, alichaguliwa tena kwa kupata kura nyingi (zaidi ya 10,000), na kuendelea na majukumu yake ya kikanda akijikita katika masuala ya afya, mazingira, na mapambano dhidi ya uhalifu uliopangwa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1981||Cominelli, Miriam}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] 9rqnzfirm6fijp207ukqssmct13zzyb 0 233983 1540822 2026-05-12T08:09:18Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Karen Keygnaert''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Ubelgiji]], ambaye alipata nyota ya Michelin akiwa katika mgahawa wa Restaurant A'Qi. Baadaye alianzisha mgahawa wa Cantine Copine, ambapo alitangaza kuwa hatafuata tena lengo la kupata nyota za Michelin. == Kazi == Karen Keygnaert alizaliwa katika eneo la Flanders nchini Ubelgiji, na ni mzungumzaji wa lugha ya asili ya Kiflemish.<ref name="equal">{{cite news|last1=Henderson|first1=Emma|title=The Women Proving Male...' 1540822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Karen Keygnaert''' ni mpishi kutoka [[Ubelgiji]], ambaye alipata nyota ya Michelin akiwa katika mgahawa wa Restaurant A'Qi. Baadaye alianzisha mgahawa wa Cantine Copine, ambapo alitangaza kuwa hatafuata tena lengo la kupata nyota za Michelin. == Kazi == Karen Keygnaert alizaliwa katika eneo la Flanders nchini Ubelgiji, na ni mzungumzaji wa lugha ya asili ya Kiflemish.<ref name="equal">{{cite news|last1=Henderson|first1=Emma|title=The Women Proving Male and Female Chefs are Equal|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/the-women-proving-male-and-female-chefs-are-equal-monica-galetti-a7660666.html|accessdate=10 Novemba 2017|work=The Independent|date=7 Aprili 2017}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Keygnaert, Karen}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ubelgiji]] 6ekjkt76foia5qxc3ui9zs222en4uoy 0 233984 1540824 2026-05-12T08:11:08Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anna Paola Concia''' (alizaliwa 4 Julai 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanaharakati mashuhuri wa haki za [[LGBT nchini Italia|jamii ya LGBTQ+]]. == Wasifu == Concia alizaliwa mjini [[Avezzano]], mkoani [[Abruzzo]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alihitimu masomo ya sayansi ya michezo na kufanya kazi kama mwalimu wa michezo na kocha wa mchezo wa tenisi. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Kiko...' 1540824 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Paola Concia''' (alizaliwa 4 Julai 1963) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanaharakati mashuhuri wa haki za [[LGBT nchini Italia|jamii ya LGBTQ+]]. == Wasifu == Concia alizaliwa mjini [[Avezzano]], mkoani [[Abruzzo]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alihitimu masomo ya sayansi ya michezo na kufanya kazi kama mwalimu wa michezo na kocha wa mchezo wa tenisi. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990 akiwa mwanachama wa chama cha Kikomunisti (PCI) na baadaye kujiunga na Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD). Mnamo mwaka 2008, aliandika historia kwa kuchaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia, akiwa mwanamke wa kwanza msagaji aliyejitokeza waziwazi (openly lesbian) kuchaguliwa katika bunge la Italia. Akiwa mbunge hadi mwaka 2013, alikuwa sauti kuu katika kupigania sheria dhidi ya chuki kwa watu wenye mwelekeo tofauti wa kijinsia (homophobia) na kutetea usawa wa kiraia. Mbali na bunge la kitaifa, Concia amehudumu kama mshauri wa mawaziri mbalimbali na pia kama mshauri (assessor) wa manispaa ya [[Florence]] anayeshughulikia utalii kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2018. Tangu mwaka 2017, amekuwa akiratibu kamati ya maandalizi ya ''Fiera Didacta Italia'', moja ya maonyesho makubwa zaidi ya uvumbuzi katika elimu nchini Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.direfareinsegnare.education/didacta-italia-2026-intervista-with-anna-paola-concia/|title=Didacta Italia 2026, intervista con Anna Paola Concia|work=Dire, fare, insegnare|date=5 February 2026|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2011, alifunga ndoa na mpenzi wake Ricarda Trautmann mjini [[Frankfurt]], Ujerumani, tukio ambalo lilivutia hisia nyingi nchini Italia wakati huo kabla ya nchi hiyo kuhalalisha muungano wa kiraia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963||Concia, Anna Paola}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tpca3d4g3uqninmcp9vwvy927dwg3xj 0 233985 1540826 2026-05-12T08:18:53Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Samuel Lewis''', KCMG (13 Novemba 1843 – 9 Julai 1903) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na Meya wa Freetownmwenye asili ya kabila la Krio (Creole) nchini Sierra Leone. Lewis alikuwa Mwafrika wa kwanza wa Magharibi kupata heshima ya kuitwa "Sir" (knighted) na alikuwa raia wa tatu wa Sierra Leone kufuzu kama wakili (barrister). Lewis alikuwa Meya wa kwanza wa Freetown baada ya Baraza la Manispaa la Freetown kuanzishwa. Mnamo mwaka 1896, alipewa cheo cha ushujaa (knighthood), akiwa Mwafrika wa kwanza wa Magharibi kupata heshima hiyo, mwaka mmoja baada ya kuteuliwa kuwa Meya.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dictionary of National Biography|date=2026-03-14|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_National_Biography&oldid=1343436397|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1843]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1903]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] dqt918po8dardkcjbpp35ocoh92u3vm 1540905 1540826 2026-05-12T10:29:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Samuel Lewis''', KCMG (13 Novemba 1843 – 9 Julai 1903) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na Meya wa Freetown mwenye asili ya kabila la [[Wakrio]] (Creole) nchini Sierra Leone. Lewis alikuwa Mwafrika wa Magharibi wa kwanza kupata heshima ya kuitwa "Sir" (knighted) na alikuwa raia wa tatu wa Sierra Leone kufuzu kama wakili (barrister). Lewis alikuwa Meya wa kwanza wa Freetown baada ya Baraza la Manispaa la Freetown kuanzishwa. Mnamo mwaka 1896, alipewa cheo cha ushujaa (knighthood), akiwa Mwafrika wa Magharibi wa kwanza kupata heshima hiyo, mwaka mmoja baada ya kuteuliwa kuwa Meya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1843]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1903]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] iqfkqgljb3y9t87x666ue1i6e2qxhkq 1540906 1540905 2026-05-12T10:29:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Samuel Lewis (barrister)]] hadi [[Samuel Lewis (wakili)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1540905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Samuel Lewis''', KCMG (13 Novemba 1843 – 9 Julai 1903) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na Meya wa Freetown mwenye asili ya kabila la [[Wakrio]] (Creole) nchini Sierra Leone. Lewis alikuwa Mwafrika wa Magharibi wa kwanza kupata heshima ya kuitwa "Sir" (knighted) na alikuwa raia wa tatu wa Sierra Leone kufuzu kama wakili (barrister). Lewis alikuwa Meya wa kwanza wa Freetown baada ya Baraza la Manispaa la Freetown kuanzishwa. Mnamo mwaka 1896, alipewa cheo cha ushujaa (knighthood), akiwa Mwafrika wa Magharibi wa kwanza kupata heshima hiyo, mwaka mmoja baada ya kuteuliwa kuwa Meya. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1843]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1903]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] iqfkqgljb3y9t87x666ue1i6e2qxhkq 0 233986 1540827 2026-05-12T08:20:48Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barbara Contini''' (alizaliwa 22 Septemba 1961) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sen. Barbara CONTINI - cosa fa in parlamento - OpenParlamento|url=https://parlamento16.openpolis.it/parlamentare/barbara-contini/333055|access-date=2021-05-24|website=parlamento16.openpolis.it}}</ref> na afisa wa mashirika ya kimataifa, akiwa mtaalamu wa siasa za kimataifa na usalama. == Wasifu == Contini alizaliwa mjini [[Milan]]. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa k...' 1540827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Contini''' (alizaliwa 22 Septemba 1961) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sen. Barbara CONTINI - cosa fa in parlamento - OpenParlamento|url=https://parlamento16.openpolis.it/parlamentare/barbara-contini/333055|access-date=2021-05-24|website=parlamento16.openpolis.it}}</ref> na afisa wa mashirika ya kimataifa, akiwa mtaalamu wa siasa za kimataifa na usalama. == Wasifu == Contini alizaliwa mjini [[Milan]]. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na kazi yake katika maeneo yenye migogoro duniani. Mnamo mwaka 2004, aliteuliwa na utawala wa muda wa muungano (CPA) nchini [[Iraki]] kuhudumu kama mkuu wa mkoa wa [[Nasiriyah]], akawa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo ya juu ya utawala katika mazingira ya vita nchini humo. Kabla ya hapo, alifanya kazi na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] na mashirika mengine katika nchi kama [[Sudan]] (Darfur) na [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]. Katika siasa za kitaifa, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia mwaka 2008 kupitia chama cha People of Freedom (Italy)|Popolo della (PdL). Baadaye alijiunga na vuguvugu la ''Future and Freedom'' (FLI) lililoanzishwa na [[Gianfranco Fini]]. Katika kipindi chake cha useneta, alijikita zaidi katika masuala ya nje, ulinzi, na haki za binadamu. Kazi yake imetambuliwa kimataifa, na amepokea tuzo mbalimbali kwa ujasiri wake na mchango wake katika diplomasia na usimamizi wa migogoro ya kimataifa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||Contini, Barbara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mfsfgpm3n8x3cjzfh4t08cfp8cqldrm 0 233987 1540828 2026-05-12T08:27:38Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Ernst Leigh''' alikuwa balozi wa Sierra Leone nchini Marekani ambaye alihudumu wakati wa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Sierra Leone. Leigh pia alikuwa mgombea urais kupitia chama cha [[Sierra Leone]] People's Party (SLPP) wakati wa uchaguzi wa rais wa mwaka 2007 nchini Sierra Leone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Palm Tree Magazine|url=http://www.changesierraleone.org/bio.asp|work=www.changesierraleone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> 2vj53u71slpha75gu39tbo698p8qlry 1540909 1540828 2026-05-12T10:34:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Leigh (ambassador)]] hadi [[John Leigh (balozi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1540828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Ernst Leigh''' alikuwa balozi wa Sierra Leone nchini Marekani ambaye alihudumu wakati wa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Sierra Leone. Leigh pia alikuwa mgombea urais kupitia chama cha [[Sierra Leone]] People's Party (SLPP) wakati wa uchaguzi wa rais wa mwaka 2007 nchini Sierra Leone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Palm Tree Magazine|url=http://www.changesierraleone.org/bio.asp|work=www.changesierraleone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> 2vj53u71slpha75gu39tbo698p8qlry 1540911 1540909 2026-05-12T10:35:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1540911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Ernst Leigh''' alikuwa balozi wa [[Sierra Leone]] nchini Marekani ambaye alihudumu wakati wa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Sierra Leone. Leigh pia alikuwa mgombea urais kupitia chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) wakati wa uchaguzi wa rais wa mwaka 2007 nchini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Palm Tree Magazine|url=http://www.changesierraleone.org/bio.asp|work=www.changesierraleone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 3ac95fpq5gpjhd5fbkz6bc972ra2iyo 1540928 1540911 2026-05-12T10:48:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Ernst Leigh''' alikuwa balozi wa [[Sierra Leone]] nchini Marekani ambaye alihudumu wakati wa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Sierra Leone. Leigh pia alikuwa mgombea urais kupitia chama cha Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) wakati wa uchaguzi wa rais wa mwaka 2007 nchini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Palm Tree Magazine|url=http://www.changesierraleone.org/bio.asp|work=www.changesierraleone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] iv9hev1p65fthjey5cth304jerjkowg 0 233988 1540829 2026-05-12T08:28:04Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emanuela Corda''' (alizaliwa 23 Novemba 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/18-306031?tab=anagrafica|title=Emanuela Corda|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Corda alizaliwa mjini [[Cagliari]], katika kisiwa cha [[Sardinia]]. Alianza harakati zake za kisi...' 1540829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emanuela Corda''' (alizaliwa 23 Novemba 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/deputati/elenco/18-306031?tab=anagrafica|title=Emanuela Corda|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Corda alizaliwa mjini [[Cagliari]], katika kisiwa cha [[Sardinia]]. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa mbunge katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2013 na kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2018. Kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Masuala ya Kikanda (Commissione parlamentare per le questioni regionali), nafasi muhimu inayoshughulikia uratibu kati ya serikali kuu na serikali za mikoa ya Italia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parlamento.it/leg/18/BGT/Schede/BicameraliStoriche/v3/4-00040.htm|title=Commissione parlamentare per le questioni regionali|publisher=[[Italian Parliament]]|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2021, aliondoka kwenye kundi la bunge la Five Star Movement baada ya kutokubaliana na uamuzi wa chama hicho kuunga mkono serikali ya mseto ya [[Mario Draghi]]. Baadaye alijiunga na kundi la ''Alternativa'' (awali likijulikana kama L'Alternativa c'è). Corda amekuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa haki za kisiwa cha Sardinia, usalama wa kijeshi, na masuala ya kijamii. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||Corda, Emanuela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] icm5fuj1stl6ze1o11t2ywyubbbvb0c 0 233989 1540831 2026-05-12T08:32:38Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nenneh Lebbie''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sierra Leone. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Sierra Leone]] People's Party (SLPP) na ni mmoja wa wawakilishi katika Bunge la Sierra Leone kwa ajili ya Wilaya ya Bo, aliyechaguliwa mnamo mwaka 2007. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sierra Leone Web - 2002 Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.sierra-leone.org/elections2002b.html|work=www.sierra-leone.org|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 9o9xvkvkxgde40nh19uduwg6nhh2bv6 0 233990 1540832 2026-05-12T08:37:47Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Valentina Corneli''' (alizaliwa 13 Machi 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanasheria. == Wasifu == Corneli alizaliwa mjini [[Giulianova]], katika mkoa wa [[Abruzzo]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni mwanasheria na mtaalamu wa sheria za kikatiba, akiwa na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika sheria za umma. Aliingia kwenye siasa kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) na alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Itali...' 1540832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valentina Corneli''' (alizaliwa 13 Machi 1986) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanasheria. == Wasifu == Corneli alizaliwa mjini [[Giulianova]], katika mkoa wa [[Abruzzo]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni mwanasheria na mtaalamu wa sheria za kikatiba, akiwa na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika sheria za umma. Aliingia kwenye siasa kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) na alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018. Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi bungeni (2018–2022), alifanya kazi kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Kikatiba, Baraza la Rais, na Baraza la Mawaziri. Anajulikana kwa mchango wake katika mijadala inayohusu marekebisho ya sheria za uchaguzi na utawala wa umma nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986||Corneli, Valentina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] puzp4hus1fz00gtjdxzbg8pusodt7uy 0 233991 1540833 2026-05-12T08:40:01Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mike''' '''Lamin''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Revolutionary United Front (RUF) na aliyekuwa Waziri wa Biashara, Viwanda na Mashirika ya Umma. Lamin alizuiliwa pamoja na mawaziri wengine wa serikali akiwemo Pallo Bangura na Peter Vandy, miongoni mwa wengine, mnamo mwaka 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News {{!}} AFRICA {{!}} Sierra Leone protesters shot|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/740844.stm|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] c2h9ibd3lmaixa02k6d3r9j44qa22xi 1540954 1540833 2026-05-12T11:49:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mike''' '''Lamin''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] nchini [[Sierra Leone]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha Revolutionary United Front (RUF) na aliyekuwa Waziri wa Biashara, Viwanda na Mashirika ya Umma. Lamin alizuiliwa pamoja na mawaziri wengine wa serikali akiwemo Pallo Bangura na Peter Vandy, miongoni mwa wengine, mnamo mwaka 2000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BBC News {{!}} AFRICA {{!}} Sierra Leone protesters shot|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/740844.stm|work=news.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] krqvsg7em9w7egug5bo7n6a5dgaz3l8 0 233992 1540834 2026-05-12T08:42:32Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shazia Khan''' ni mpishi kutoka [[India]]. Alishiriki katika kipindi cha upishi cha MasterChef India (season 2), kipindi kinachorushwa na StarPlus nchini [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://starplus.startv.in/contestants.aspx?sid=126&cid=648](http://starplus.startv.in/contestants.aspx?sid=126&cid=648) |title=Master Chef Shazia |publisher=starplus.startv.in |accessdate=28 Machi 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} Jamii:Watu wa Ind...' 1540834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shazia Khan''' ni mpishi kutoka [[India]]. Alishiriki katika kipindi cha upishi cha MasterChef India (season 2), kipindi kinachorushwa na StarPlus nchini [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://starplus.startv.in/contestants.aspx?sid=126&cid=648](http://starplus.startv.in/contestants.aspx?sid=126&cid=648) |title=Master Chef Shazia |publisher=starplus.startv.in |accessdate=28 Machi 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa India]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ih9pv88moicw8fjsysak5hqf4hir9y5 0 233993 1540835 2026-05-12T08:44:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Annalisa Corrado''' (alizaliwa 8 Septemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa na mhandisi wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Ulaya wa 2024 nchini Italia|uchaguzi wa mwaka 2024.<ref name="TRC">{{cite web|url=https://trcgiornale.it/annalisa-corrado-una-civitavecchiese-a-strasburgo/|title=Annalisa Corrado, una civitavecchiese a Strasburgo|work=TRC Gi...' 1540835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annalisa Corrado''' (alizaliwa 8 Septemba 1973) ni mwanasiasa na mhandisi wa [[Italia]] wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] katika Uchaguzi wa Bunge la Ulaya wa 2024 nchini Italia|uchaguzi wa mwaka 2024.<ref name="TRC">{{cite web|url=https://trcgiornale.it/annalisa-corrado-una-civitavecchiese-a-strasburgo/|title=Annalisa Corrado, una civitavecchiese a Strasburgo|work=TRC Giornale|date=26 June 2024|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Corrado alizaliwa mjini [[Civitavecchia]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni mhandisi wa mazingira mwenye shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika masuala ya nishati. Ni mtaalamu aliyebobea katika masuala ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi, nishati mbadala, na uchumi wa mzunguko (circular economy). Kabla ya kujiunga na Chama cha Kidemokrasia, alifanya kazi kama msemaji mwenza wa chama cha [[Green Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2023/04/pd-elly-schlein-presenta-la-sua-segreteria-in-diretta-instagram-255e7a32-8dba-46d2-ac71-1e37a3805f90.html|title=Pd, Elly Schlein presenta la sua segreteria in diretta Instagram|work=RaiNews|date=7 April 2023|language=it}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2023, aliteuliwa na katibu wa PD, [[Elly Schlein]], kuwa mkuu wa masuala ya mazingira na nishati ndani ya uongozi wa kitaifa wa chama hicho. Katika Bunge la Ulaya, Corrado ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Afya ya Umma na Usalama wa Chakula. Anajulikana kwa harakati zake za kutetea haki za kimazingira (ecological transition) zinazoenda sambamba na haki za kijamii, akiamini kuwa mabadiliko ya kuelekea nishati safi lazima yawe jumuishi na yenye usawa kwa raia wote. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973||Corrado, Annalisa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1yydolxa6vkkmwa1c2xx8ofy7l36b6e 0 233994 1540836 2026-05-12T08:47:18Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Margaretta Taylor''' (Alizaliwa [[1942]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Marekani]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/margaretta-j-taylor/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index - Margaretta Taylor|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|publisher=|access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref>. Yeye ni binti wa [[Anne Cox Chambers]], na mjukuu wa mchapishaji wa magazeti [[James M. Cox]]. Kufikia Mei [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilion...' 1540836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margaretta Taylor''' (Alizaliwa [[1942]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Marekani]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/margaretta-j-taylor/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index - Margaretta Taylor|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|publisher=|access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref>. Yeye ni binti wa [[Anne Cox Chambers]], na mjukuu wa mchapishaji wa magazeti [[James M. Cox]]. Kufikia Mei [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.58.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Margaretta Taylor|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/margaretta-taylor/|work=Forbes|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> Mwaka [[2015]], mama yake Anne Cox Chambers alisambaza asilimia 49 ya hisa zake katika [[Cox Enterprises]] kwa usawa kati ya watoto wake watatu: [[Katharine Rayner]], Margaretta Taylor, na [[James Cox Chambers]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Brendan Coffey |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-20/three-new-cox-billionaires-minted-as-matriarch-gives-away-wealth |title=Three Cox Billionaires Minted as Matriarch Gives Away Wealth - Bloomberg Business |website=Bloomberg.com |date=December 17, 2018|access-date=December 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Isadora |date=2020-03-05 |title=Remembering A Local Legend: The Inimitable Anne Cox Chambers |url=https://www.buckhead.com/local-legend-anne-cox-chambers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Buckhead |language=en-US}}</ref> Tangu Januari [[2018]], mwanawe [[Alexander C. Taylor]] alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Cox Enterprises.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coxenterprises.mediaroom.com/2017-04-26-Alexander-C-Taylor-to-Succeed-John-Dyer-as-Cox-Enterprises-President-and-CEO|title=News Releases|author=|date=|website=Cox Enterprises Inc.|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coxenterprises.com/about-us/corporate-leadership/alexander-c-taylor|title=Cox Enterprises Corporate Leadership - Cox Enterprises|author=|date=|website=www.coxenterprises.com|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] as86j1896tfvar1meaaxuthrygpdtm1 1540950 1540836 2026-05-12T11:36:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margaretta Taylor''' (Alizaliwa [[1942]]) ni mrithi bilionea nchini [[Marekani]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/margaretta-j-taylor/|title=Bloomberg Billionaires Index - Margaretta Taylor|website=[[Bloomberg News]]|publisher=|access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref>. Yeye ni binti wa [[Anne Cox Chambers]], na mjukuu wa mchapishaji wa magazeti [[James M. Cox]]. Kufikia Mei [[2026]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.58.<ref name=Forbes>{{cite web|title=Margaretta Taylor|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/margaretta-taylor/|work=Forbes|access-date=29 September 2020}}</ref> Mwaka [[2015]], mama yake Anne Cox Chambers alisambaza asilimia 49 ya hisa zake katika [[Cox Enterprises]] kwa usawa kati ya watoto wake watatu: [[Katharine Rayner]], Margaretta Taylor, na [[James Cox Chambers]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Brendan Coffey |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-20/three-new-cox-billionaires-minted-as-matriarch-gives-away-wealth |title=Three Cox Billionaires Minted as Matriarch Gives Away Wealth - Bloomberg Business |website=Bloomberg.com |date=December 17, 2018|access-date=December 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Pennington |first=Isadora |date=2020-03-05 |title=Remembering A Local Legend: The Inimitable Anne Cox Chambers |url=https://www.buckhead.com/local-legend-anne-cox-chambers/ |access-date=2022-11-10 |website=Buckhead |language=en-US}}</ref> Tangu Januari [[2018]], mwanawe [[Alexander C. Taylor]] alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Cox Enterprises.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coxenterprises.mediaroom.com/2017-04-26-Alexander-C-Taylor-to-Succeed-John-Dyer-as-Cox-Enterprises-President-and-CEO|title=News Releases|author=|date=|website=Cox Enterprises Inc.|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coxenterprises.com/about-us/corporate-leadership/alexander-c-taylor|title=Cox Enterprises Corporate Leadership - Cox Enterprises|author=|date=|website=www.coxenterprises.com|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] 58jntmwh6fnfitgrdnzgyfk94wpye35 0 233995 1540837 2026-05-12T08:47:47Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tara Khattar''' ( alizaliwa 1992)<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Kufer |first=Katrina |date=10 Desemba 2018 |title=The Food Hustle: Chef Tara Khattar Rethinks Lebanese Cuisine |newspaper=Harper's Bazaar Arabia |url=[https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/dining/chef-tara-khattar-lebanese-cuisine}}](https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/dining/chef-tara-khattar-lebanese-cuisine}})</ref> ni mpishi kutoka [[Lebanoni]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}...' 1540837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tara Khattar''' ( alizaliwa 1992)<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Kufer |first=Katrina |date=10 Desemba 2018 |title=The Food Hustle: Chef Tara Khattar Rethinks Lebanese Cuisine |newspaper=Harper's Bazaar Arabia |url=[https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/dining/chef-tara-khattar-lebanese-cuisine}}](https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/culture/dining/chef-tara-khattar-lebanese-cuisine}})</ref> ni mpishi kutoka [[Lebanoni]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fjqeg1fn4tpqil1a80tvoc3686if9sl 0 233996 1540839 2026-05-12T08:48:28Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Momoh''' '''Gulama''' alikuwa Chifu Mkuu wa [[Sierra Leone]] aliyetawala Usultani (Chiefdom) wa Kaiyamba katika Wilaya ya Moyamba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sierraconnection.com/biographies.htm|work=www.sierraconnection.com|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Chiefdoms of Sierra Leone - Harvard University - PDF Free Download|url=https://propertibazar.com/article/the-chiefdoms-of-sierra-leone-harvard-university_5abc4463d64ab2420b2cf618.html|work=propertibazar.com|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1956]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] 2odtzzusni477129d03y3btqmx8nwka 1540956 1540839 2026-05-12T11:56:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Momoh''' '''Gulama''' alikuwa Chifu Mkuu wa [[Sierra Leone]] aliyetawala Usultani (Chiefdom) wa Kaiyamba katika Wilaya ya Moyamba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.sierraconnection.com/biographies.htm|work=www.sierraconnection.com|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Chiefdoms of Sierra Leone - Harvard University - PDF Free Download|url=https://propertibazar.com/article/the-chiefdoms-of-sierra-leone-harvard-university_5abc4463d64ab2420b2cf618.html|work=propertibazar.com|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1956]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] at56p3upx6sgo2jcpufc6edvzh8u8lj 0 233997 1540840 2026-05-12T08:50:13Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Norton Winfred Simon''' ([[Februari 5]], [[1907]] – [[Juni 2]], [[1993]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa viwanda na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Joyce M. Rosenberg|agency=Associated Press|title=CONGLOMERATE'S HISTORY IS A LONG AND TANGLED TALE|url=https://greensboro.com/conglomerates-history-is-a-long-and-tangled-tale/article_f2ed4ed6-fff6-59d7-87cf-3724a4017bab.html|access-date=October 5, 2021|website=Greensboro News and Record|...' 1540840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Norton Winfred Simon''' ([[Februari 5]], [[1907]] – [[Juni 2]], [[1993]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa viwanda na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Joyce M. Rosenberg|agency=Associated Press|title=CONGLOMERATE'S HISTORY IS A LONG AND TANGLED TALE|url=https://greensboro.com/conglomerates-history-is-a-long-and-tangled-tale/article_f2ed4ed6-fff6-59d7-87cf-3724a4017bab.html|access-date=October 5, 2021|website=Greensboro News and Record|date=June 9, 1990 |language=en}}</ref> Wakati mmoja alikuwa mmoja wa watu tajiri zaidi nchini Marekani. Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa amejikusanyia utajiri wa karibu dola bilioni 10.<ref name=lam>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Los Angeles (magazine)|Los Angeles]] |title=Masterpiece Theater |last=Mathison |first=Dirk |page=110 |date=November 1998 |issn=1522-9149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4V0EAAAAMBAJ&q=norton+simon+richest+men+in+america&pg=PA110}}</ref> Mkusanyiko wake wa sanaa uliwekwa katika Norton Simon Museum huko [[Pasadena, California]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1993]] hztrghhgi1tbdpsol6gutocz5cql2zs 0 233998 1540841 2026-05-12T08:50:19Z Valuegirl 87699 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pol Kimsan''' ( amezaliwa 1984 katika Kampot Province, [[Kamboja|Cambodia]]), pia anajulikana kitaaluma kama '''Kimsan Pol''', ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka Cambodia. Yeye ni Mpishi Mkuu Mtendaji (Executive Chef) na mshirika wa Restaurant Collection Siem Reap, ambapo husimamia migahawa kadhaa katika miji ya Siem Reap na [[Phnom Penh]]. Pia ni Rais wa Chama cha Wapishi wa Cambodia kwa kipindi cha 2024 hadi 2027.<ref name="facebook">Chef Kimsan...' 1540841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pol Kimsan''' ( amezaliwa 1984 katika Kampot Province, [[Kamboja|Cambodia]]), pia anajulikana kitaaluma kama '''Kimsan Pol''', ni mpishi na mmiliki wa migahawa kutoka Cambodia. Yeye ni Mpishi Mkuu Mtendaji (Executive Chef) na mshirika wa Restaurant Collection Siem Reap, ambapo husimamia migahawa kadhaa katika miji ya Siem Reap na [[Phnom Penh]]. Pia ni Rais wa Chama cha Wapishi wa Cambodia kwa kipindi cha 2024 hadi 2027.<ref name="facebook">Chef Kimsan Pol Facebook page. ''Culinary Director of Embassy Khmer Gastronomy (SR) & Sombok (PP), President of Cambodia Chef's Association (2024–2027)''. Retrieved 2025. https://www.facebook.com/chefkimsanpol/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pol, Kimsan}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kamboja]] tpnf24yxzxbrpyc0k60c4bm6x9gndlq 0 233999 1540842 2026-05-12T08:52:42Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Giulia Cosenza''' (alizaliwa 25 Januari 1968) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu mwaka 2022 kupitia chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/composizione/senatori/elenco-alfabetico/scheda-attivita?did=22910|title=Giulia Cosenza|publisher=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cosenza alizaliwa...' 1540842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Giulia Cosenza''' (alizaliwa 25 Januari 1968) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu mwaka 2022 kupitia chama cha [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/composizione/senatori/elenco-alfabetico/scheda-attivita?did=22910|title=Giulia Cosenza|publisher=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cosenza alizaliwa mjini [[Napoli]]. Kitaaluma ana shahada ya sheria na amefanya kazi kama mjasiriamali na meneja katika sekta ya mawasiliano na mahusiano ya umma. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa akiwa kijana ndani ya vuguvugu la ''Fronte della Gioventù'' na baadaye kujiunga na chama cha ''Alleanza Nazionale''. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia mwaka 2006 na kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2008, akihudumu hadi mwaka 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://leg16.camera.it/29?shadow_deputato=301537&idpersona=301537|title=Cosenza Giulia – PDL|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> Baada ya kipindi cha kuwa nje ya bunge la kitaifa ambapo alijikita zaidi katika ujenzi wa chama cha Fratelli d'Italia, alirejea bungeni mwaka 2022, safari hii kama Seneta. Katika Baraza la Seneti, anahudumu kama Makamu wa Rais wa Kamati ya Kilimo, Utalii, na Uzalishaji wa Viwanda, akijikita zaidi katika kukuza bidhaa za "Made in Italy" na kulinda sekta ya chakula na kilimo nchini humo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968||Cosenza, Giulia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Maseneta wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 188ygdujl0umeauh6jfbdihvgvsgem8 0 234000 1540845 2026-05-12T08:53:51Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pedro''' '''Agostinho''' '''de''' '''Neri''' (alizaliwa tarehe 6 Agosti 1963 mjini Cabinda) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Angola, na sasa ni Katibu Mkuu wa Bunge la Taifa la [[Angola]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Assembleia Nacional de Angola|url=https://parlamento.ao/|work=Assembleia Nacional|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Angola]] nlyrfd5xbk00o2do7wp5h8dn6nkxm43 0 234001 1540846 2026-05-12T08:54:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laurence Alan Tisch''' ([[Machi 5]], [[1923]] – [[Novemba 15]], [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYTObit>{{Cite news|first=Jonathan |last=Kandell |title= Laurence A. Tisch, Investor Known for Saving CBS Inc. From Takeover, Dies at 80 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 16, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/16/business/laurence-a-tisch-investor-known-for-saving-cbs-inc-from-ta...' 1540846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurence Alan Tisch''' ([[Machi 5]], [[1923]] – [[Novemba 15]], [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYTObit>{{Cite news|first=Jonathan |last=Kandell |title= Laurence A. Tisch, Investor Known for Saving CBS Inc. From Takeover, Dies at 80 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 16, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/16/business/laurence-a-tisch-investor-known-for-saving-cbs-inc-from-takeover-dies-at-80.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm }}</ref><ref name=Common>{{Cite web|first= Andrew|last=Tisch |authorlink= |title=My American Story |website=The Common Good|date=August 19, 2019|url=https://www.thecommongoodus.org/my-american-story-posts/my-american-story-andrew-tisch |accessdate=June 23, 2021 }}</ref> Alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa mtandao wa televisheni wa [[CBS]] kuanzia [[1986]] hadi [[1995]]. Pamoja na kaka yake [[Preston Robert Tisch|Bob Tisch]], alikuwa mmiliki sehemu ya [[Loews Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Laurence Tisch, 80; Billionaire Had Rocky Time at CBS Helm |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-nov-16-me-tisch16-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |date=2003-11-16 |access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] o391vch7b1tz26eyt66igg2ih2pugkn 1540945 1540846 2026-05-12T11:24:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1540945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurence Alan Tisch''' ([[Machi 5]], [[1923]] – [[Novemba 15]], [[2003]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=NYTObit>{{Rejea habari|first=Jonathan |last=Kandell |title= Laurence A. Tisch, Investor Known for Saving CBS Inc. From Takeover, Dies at 80 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 16, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/16/business/laurence-a-tisch-investor-known-for-saving-cbs-inc-from-takeover-dies-at-80.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm }}</ref><ref name=Common>{{Rejea tovuti|first= Andrew|last=Tisch |authorlink= |title=My American Story |website=The Common Good|date=August 19, 2019|url=https://www.thecommongoodus.org/my-american-story-posts/my-american-story-andrew-tisch |accessdate=June 23, 2021 }}</ref> Alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa mtandao wa televisheni wa [[CBS]] kuanzia [[1986]] hadi [[1995]]. Pamoja na kaka yake [[Preston Robert Tisch|Bob Tisch]], alikuwa mmiliki sehemu ya [[Loews Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Laurence Tisch, 80; Billionaire Had Rocky Time at CBS Helm |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-nov-16-me-tisch16-story.html |website=Los Angeles Times |date=2003-11-16 |access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2003]] rhu6rrenti4677vmgjl19gehieoh9ze 0 234002 1540847 2026-05-12T08:56:39Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jessica Costanzo''' (alizaliwa 19 Januari 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Costanzo alizaliwa mjini [[Turin]] na alilelewa huko [[Caselle Torinese]]. Kitaaluma, ana shahada ya mawasiliano na amefanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa mahusiano ya umma na mawasiliano ya kampuni. Aliingia bungeni baada ya kuchaguliwa katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018kupi...' 1540847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jessica Costanzo''' (alizaliwa 19 Januari 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Costanzo alizaliwa mjini [[Turin]] na alilelewa huko [[Caselle Torinese]]. Kitaaluma, ana shahada ya mawasiliano na amefanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa mahusiano ya umma na mawasiliano ya kampuni. Aliingia bungeni baada ya kuchaguliwa katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Akiwa bungeni, alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kazi ya Umma na Binafsi. Mnamo Februari 2021, alikuwa mmoja wa wabunge waliofukuzwa kwenye chama cha Five Star Movement baada ya kupiga kura dhidi ya serikali ya mseto ya [[Mario Draghi]]. Baada ya kufukuzwa, alijiunga na kundi la bunge la ''L'Alternativa c'è'' (baadaye likijulikana kama ''Alternativa''). Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi, amekuwa mtetezi wa masuala ya haki za wafanyakazi, usafiri wa anga, na maendeleo ya miundombinu katika mkoa wa [[Piedmont]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984||Costanzo, Jessica}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qvm0ur7lw22pfym0y0804r0bbwasgkc 0 234003 1540848 2026-05-12T08:59:47Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jonathan Mark Tisch''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 7]], [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] na mtoto wa bilionea [[Preston Robert Tisch]], ambaye alikuwa mmiliki mwenza wa kampuni ya ukarimu ya kifahari ya Loews Hotels na timu ya New York Giants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jonathan M. Tisch|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=285942&privcapId=285930|website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |access-date=January 28, 2019}}</ref>...' 1540848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonathan Mark Tisch''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 7]], [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] na mtoto wa bilionea [[Preston Robert Tisch]], ambaye alikuwa mmiliki mwenza wa kampuni ya ukarimu ya kifahari ya Loews Hotels na timu ya New York Giants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jonathan M. Tisch|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=285942&privcapId=285930|website=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |access-date=January 28, 2019}}</ref> Tisch alirithi umiliki mwenza wa zote mbili. Yeye ni mwenza-mwenyekiti wa Loews Corporation, afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Loews Hotels Holding Corp., na mweka hazina wa New York Football Giants, Inc.<ref name="Interview with The Real Deal">{{cite web | url=http://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/the-closing-with-jonathan-tisch/ | title=The Closing: Jonathan Tisch on power breakfasts and never winning an Emmy | publisher=The Real Deal, Inc. | work=Newspaper Interview | date=1 May 2013 | access-date=7 April 2016 | author=Clarke, Katherine}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6cie81ts5jdp3iwugtr08x9ood6efnd 0 234004 1540850 2026-05-12T09:06:16Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adão''' '''Francisco''' '''Correia''' '''de''' '''Almeida''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Angola]]. Kwa sasa ni Waziri wa Utawala wa Maeneo na Marekebisho ya Serikali nchini Angola, pamoja na kuwa mbunge. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha MPLA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Government Officials {{!}} Angola|url=https://www.un.int/angola/angola/government-officials|work=www.un.int|accessdate=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Angola]] 937r5vwxbvshhf2wwho6af85r8ydbjn 0 234005 1540852 2026-05-12T09:11:43Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamú''' '''de''' '''Almeida''' (30 Julai 1943 – 15 Juni 2013), jina lake kamili akiwa ni Sebastião Pascoal de Almeida, alikuwa [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Angola]]. Alikuwa Balozi nchini Kongo, Hispania, na Misri. Alijiunga na chama cha MPLA mjini Kinshasa mnamo mwaka 1961, na huko alijiunga na Mapambano ya Ukombozi yaliyopelekea kupatikana kwa Uhuru wa Angola mwaka 1975. Kama mwakilishi wa Angola, alisaini Hati ya Mwisho ya Mkutano wa Wenye Mamlaka Kamili juu ya Kukomesha Mkataba wa Uhifadhi wa Rasilimali Hai za Kusini-Mashariki mwa Atlantiki (iliyotiwa saini Roma tarehe 23 Oktoba 1969), hafla iliyofanyika mjini Madrid tarehe 19 Julai 1990.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Associação Tchiweka de Documentação|url=https://www.tchiweka.org/pessoas/kamu-de-almeida|work=www.tchiweka.org|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=pt-pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] tjf9dlj6lubzjwjz0h4hc3t4vv2g79q 1540937 1540852 2026-05-12T10:54:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamú''' '''de''' '''Almeida''' (30 Julai 1943 – 15 Juni 2013), jina lake kamili akiwa ni Sebastião Pascoal de Almeida, alikuwa [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Angola]]. Alikuwa Balozi nchini Kongo, Hispania, na Misri. Alijiunga na chama cha MPLA mjini Kinshasa mnamo mwaka 1961, na huko alijiunga na Mapambano ya Ukombozi yaliyopelekea kupatikana kwa Uhuru wa Angola mwaka 1975. Kama mwakilishi wa Angola, alisaini Hati ya Mwisho ya Mkutano wa Wenye Mamlaka Kamili juu ya Kukomesha Mkataba wa Uhifadhi wa Rasilimali Hai za Kusini-Mashariki mwa Atlantiki (iliyotiwa saini Roma tarehe 23 Oktoba 1969), hafla iliyofanyika mjini Madrid tarehe 19 Julai 1990.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Associação Tchiweka de Documentação|url=https://www.tchiweka.org/pessoas/kamu-de-almeida|work=www.tchiweka.org|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=pt-pt}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] tr0qys9lchs95fjcce77zv6j5k4zagr 0 234006 1540853 2026-05-12T09:14:43Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joan Tisch''' ([[Julai 14]], [[1927]] – [[Novemba 2]], [[2017]]) alikuwa mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=ForbesBillionaires>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/joan-tisch/ Forbes: The World's Billionaires - Joan Tisch] November 2017</ref>Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan na alikuwa mrithi bilionea wa utajiri wa familia ya Tisch (kupitia Loews Corporation, ambayo inabaki chini ya udhibiti wa familia).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.co...' 1540853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joan Tisch''' ([[Julai 14]], [[1927]] – [[Novemba 2]], [[2017]]) alikuwa mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=ForbesBillionaires>[https://www.forbes.com/profile/joan-tisch/ Forbes: The World's Billionaires - Joan Tisch] November 2017</ref>Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan na alikuwa mrithi bilionea wa utajiri wa familia ya Tisch (kupitia Loews Corporation, ambayo inabaki chini ya udhibiti wa familia).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archives.com/1940-census/howard-hyman-ny-65346216|title=Howard N. Hyman in the 1940 Census|publisher=Archives}}</ref>Aliolewa na [[Preston Robert Tisch]] mwaka [[1948]], na walikuwa na watoto watatu: [[Steve Tisch]], [[Jonathan Tisch]], na [[Laurie Tisch]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] pa6opmro43zfe6ghd6mijsn9i78ep5i 0 234007 1540855 2026-05-12T09:17:11Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James E. Thompson''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 14]], [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Crown Worldwide Group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Leadership - James E. Thompson |url=https://www.crownworldwide.com/our-leadership |website=Crown Worldwide Group |access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.bm.ust.hk/kh10th/general/speakers_jamesethompson.htm Kellogg-HKUST EMBA Program, 10th...' 1540855 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James E. Thompson''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 14]], [[1940]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwanzilishi, mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Crown Worldwide Group.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Leadership - James E. Thompson |url=https://www.crownworldwide.com/our-leadership |website=Crown Worldwide Group |access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.bm.ust.hk/kh10th/general/speakers_jamesethompson.htm Kellogg-HKUST EMBA Program, 10th Anniversary Weekend, 25–27 May 2007, Conference Speakers]. bm.ust.hk</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7n2a7g5uo5afgnxmahere2kzmvfxibs 0 234008 1540856 2026-05-12T09:21:24Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James S. Tisch''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 2]], [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa [[Loews Corporation]] tangu [[1999]].<ref>{{cite web |title=James S. Tisch: Philanthropy Profile {{!}} New York Public Library |url=https://patronview.com/patrons/james-s-tisch |website=Patron View |access-date=16 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Yeye ni mtoto wa [[Laurence Tisch]]. Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Mtendaji...' 1540856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James S. Tisch''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 2]], [[1953]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa [[Loews Corporation]] tangu [[1999]].<ref>{{cite web |title=James S. Tisch: Philanthropy Profile {{!}} New York Public Library |url=https://patronview.com/patrons/james-s-tisch |website=Patron View |access-date=16 March 2026 |language=en}}</ref> Yeye ni mtoto wa [[Laurence Tisch]]. Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Mtendaji na mwanachama wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya [[CNA Financial Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mullin |first1=Benjamin |title=The Messenger, a Media Start-Up, Aims to Build a Newsroom Fast |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/10/business/media/the-messenger-jimmy-finkelstein.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=May 21, 2023 |date=March 10, 2023}}</ref>Kufikia Oktoba [[2025]], [[Forbes]] ilikadiria utajiri wake kuwa dola bilioni 1.8.<ref>{{cite web |title=James S. Tisch 1953— |url=http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/S-Z/Tisch-James-S-1953.html |website=Reference for Business}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] n3qhnsxxfrukaglh86r57ny04fm6w6n 0 234009 1540858 2026-05-12T09:30:08Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nathaniel Simons''' (Alizaliwa [[1966]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa hazina ya uwekezaji na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reiff |first=Nathan |date=March 4, 2020 |title=What Are the Biggest Hedge Funds in the World? |url=https://www.investopedia.com/investing/biggest-hedge-funds-world/ |access-date=2021-06-28 |website=[[Investopedia]]}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Meritage Group, kampuni ya usimamizi wa uwekezaji inayosimamia...' 1540858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nathaniel Simons''' (Alizaliwa [[1966]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa hazina ya uwekezaji na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reiff |first=Nathan |date=March 4, 2020 |title=What Are the Biggest Hedge Funds in the World? |url=https://www.investopedia.com/investing/biggest-hedge-funds-world/ |access-date=2021-06-28 |website=[[Investopedia]]}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa Meritage Group, kampuni ya usimamizi wa uwekezaji inayosimamia zaidi ya dola bilioni 12 za mali, mwanzilishi mwenza wa Prelude Ventures hazina ya uwekezaji ya teknolojia safi, na alikuwa mwenyekiti mwenza wa zamani wa Renaissance Technologies, moja ya hazina kubwa za uwekezaji duniani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/nov/07/democratic-donor-james-simons-private-wealth-fund-tax-haven-paradise-papers|title=Democratic Donor Built up Vast $8bn Private Wealth Fund in Bermuda|date=2007-11-07|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/2/2/how-the-heirs-to-a-vast-hedge-fund-fortune-are-giving-big-on.html|title=How the Heirs to a Vast Hedge Fund Fortune Are Giving Big on Climate Change|work=[[Inside Philanthropy]]|access-date=2017-05-15|language=en-US}}</ref>Yeye ni mtoto wa mwanzilishi wa Renaissance Technologies, [[Jim Simons]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bxbvd4jfofileo8yh3bz8b3ns4f2gle 0 234010 1540859 2026-05-12T09:30:41Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Beatrice Covassi''' (alizaliwa 1 Desemba 1968) ni mwanasiasa na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Italia Kusini|Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) kuanzia mwaka 2022 hadi 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil {{!}} Beatrice COVASSI {{!}} Députés {{!}} Parlement européen |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/fr/240478/BEATRICE_COVASSI/home |access-date=3 January 2023 |web...' 1540859 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatrice Covassi''' (alizaliwa 1 Desemba 1968) ni mwanasiasa na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Italia Kusini|Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) kuanzia mwaka 2022 hadi 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accueil {{!}} Beatrice COVASSI {{!}} Députés {{!}} Parlement européen |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/fr/240478/BEATRICE_COVASSI/home |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=fr}}</ref> == Wasifu == Covassi alizaliwa mjini [[Florence]]. Alisomea sayansi ya siasa na mahusiano ya kimataifa katika chuo cha Cesare Alfieri mjini Florence na kuendelea na masomo ya uzamili katika Chuo cha Ulaya ([[College of Europe]]) mjini Bruges, Ubelgiji. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa na kazi ya muda mrefu na ya mafanikio ndani ya taasisi za [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2019, alihudumu kama Mkuu wa Uwakilishi wa [[Tume ya Ulaya]] nchini Italia. Pia amefanya kazi katika ofisi za Umoja wa Ulaya mjini [[Luxembourg]] na [[Washington, D.C.]], akijikita zaidi katika masuala ya uchumi wa kidijitali na sera za mawasiliano. Mnamo Desemba 2022, aliingia katika Bunge la Ulaya kuchukua nafasi ya [[David Sassoli]] aliyefariki dunia. Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Viwanda, Utafiti na Nishati, na alijitolea sana katika masuala ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi na nishati mbadala. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968||Covassi, Beatrice}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 427dce1and1mln8cvoi7x3qwckdznqx 0 234011 1540860 2026-05-12T09:34:25Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stefania Gabriella Anastasia Craxi''' (alizaliwa 25 Oktoba 1960) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa chama cha mrengo wa kati na kulia cha [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]. Amekuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu mwaka 2018. == Wasifu == Craxi alizaliwa mjini [[Milan]], akiwa binti wa aliyekuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Italia, [[Bettino Craxi]]. Kabla ya kuingia kikamilifu kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kama mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya telev...' 1540860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stefania Gabriella Anastasia Craxi''' (alizaliwa 25 Oktoba 1960) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanachama wa chama cha mrengo wa kati na kulia cha [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]. Amekuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu mwaka 2018. == Wasifu == Craxi alizaliwa mjini [[Milan]], akiwa binti wa aliyekuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Italia, [[Bettino Craxi]]. Kabla ya kuingia kikamilifu kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kama mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni na mjasiriamali katika sekta ya mawasiliano. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia mwaka 2006 na kuhudumu hadi mwaka 2013. Wakati wa [[Serikali ya nne ya Berlusconi]] (2008–2011), aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu wa Jimbo (Undersecretary of State) katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje, nafasi iliyompa fursa ya kusimamia diplomasia ya Italia kimataifa. Mnamo mwaka 2018, alichaguliwa kuwa Seneta na tangu Mei 2022, anahudumu kama Rais wa Kamati ya Mambo ya Nje na Ulinzi ya Baraza la Seneti. Craxi pia ni mwanzilishi na Rais wa Taasisi ya Craxi (Fondazione Craxi), inayojikita katika utafiti wa kihistoria na siasa za kimataifa, akifanya kazi kubwa ya kuhifadhi kumbukumbu za kisiasa za baba yake na harakati za kisoshalisti nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1960||Craxi, Stefania}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sg178wn1u5p8yuyeb5dcrmgwconng9y 0 234012 1540861 2026-05-12T09:37:08Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540861 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto António Victor Francisco de Almeida''' (alizaliwa 5 Februari 1941) ni mwanaharakati na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Angola]] wa harakati za ukombozi na chama cha MPLA, mwanasheria, mwandishi wa habari, mwandishi, na mshairi. Alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje (1976-1978), Waziri wa Biashara ya Nje (1978-1979), Waziri wa Mipango (1979-1981), na Rais wa Bunge la Taifa la Angola (1996-2008).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jofre Rocha|url=https://www.portaldaliteratura.com/autores.php?autor=2270|work=Portal da Literatura|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=pt-PT|author=Fidelizarte}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lriu5jret40vtr4eizu77zwsydizp3b 0 234013 1540862 2026-05-12T09:38:16Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Scott Simplot''' (alizaliwa [[1947]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] ,mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''J.R. Simplot Company'' na zamani alikuwa mtu tajiri zaidi katika jimbo la [[Idaho]], [[Marekani]].<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Lawrence|title=From Mr. Spud to Mr. Chips;The Potato Tycoon Who Is the Force Behind Micron|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/08/business/from-mr-spud-to-mr-chips-the-potato-tycoon-who-is-the-force-behind-mi...' 1540862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Scott Simplot''' (alizaliwa [[1947]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] ,mwenyekiti na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''J.R. Simplot Company'' na zamani alikuwa mtu tajiri zaidi katika jimbo la [[Idaho]], [[Marekani]].<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|last1=Zuckerman|first1=Lawrence|title=From Mr. Spud to Mr. Chips;The Potato Tycoon Who Is the Force Behind Micron|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/08/business/from-mr-spud-to-mr-chips-the-potato-tycoon-who-is-the-force-behind-micron.html|accessdate=October 31, 2016|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=February 8, 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Anders|first1=George|title=J.R. Simplot keeps potato business all in the family|url=http://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/business/ci_2424833|accessdate=October 31, 2016|work=[[Salt Lake Tribune]]|date=November 1, 2016}}</ref>Kwa mujibu wa [[Forbes]], alikadiriwa kuwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 2.1 na alitajwa kuwa mtu tajiri zaidi huko Idaho mwaka [[2016]].<ref name="ui">{{cite web|title=Outstanding Alumni: Scott R. Simplot Honorary Doctor of Administrative Sciences|url=https://www.cals.uidaho.edu/edcomm/magazine/summer04/outstanding.html|website=uidaho.edu|publisher=[[University of Idaho]]|accessdate=November 1, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9y62ur0ccjyhivpv1kvjx207y4qkp5o 0 234014 1540864 2026-05-12T09:41:32Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Richard Simplot''' ([[Januari 4]], [[1909]] – [[Mei 25]], [[2008]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] alijulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa ''J.R. Simplot Company'', msambazaji wa bidhaa za kilimo aliyejikita katika bidhaa za viazi.<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |url= https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_John-Simplot-family_ZPFO.html |title= #89 John Simplot & family |access-date= 2008-05-30 | work=Forb...' 1540864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Richard Simplot''' ([[Januari 4]], [[1909]] – [[Mei 25]], [[2008]]) alikuwa [[mjasiriamali]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] alijulikana zaidi kama mwanzilishi wa ''J.R. Simplot Company'', msambazaji wa bidhaa za kilimo aliyejikita katika bidhaa za viazi.<ref name="forbes">{{cite news |url= https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/54/richlist07_John-Simplot-family_ZPFO.html |title= #89 John Simplot & family |access-date= 2008-05-30 | work=Forbes}}</ref>Mwaka [[2007]], alikadiriwa kuwa mtu tajiri wa 89 nchini Marekani, akiwa na utajiri wa dola bilioni 3.6. Wakati wa kifo chake akiwa na umri wa miaka 99 mnamo Mei 2008, alikuwa bilionea mzee zaidi kwenye [[Forbes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=J.R. Simplot Company's founder dies at 99 |url=https://english.pravda.ru/news/business/105337-john_simplot/ |website=PravdaReport |date=2008-05-25 |access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1909]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] kittuy5bo0pm2apodvm6otdx9bmlwg1 0 234015 1540865 2026-05-12T09:44:00Z Don Malya 61486 kuanzisha makala 1540865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto António Victor Francisco de Almeida''' (alizaliwa 5 Februari 1941) ni mwanaharakati na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Angola]] wa harakati za ukombozi na chama cha MPLA, mwanasheria, mwandishi wa habari, mwandishi, na mshairi. Alihudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje (1976-1978), Waziri wa Biashara ya Nje (1978-1979), Waziri wa Mipango (1979-1981), na Rais wa Bunge la Taifa la Angola (1996-2008).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Assembleia Nacional de Angola|url=https://parlamento.ao/|work=Assembleia Nacional|accessdate=2026-05-12|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sierra Leone]] gekzwcr8trwyebmbrf0ldkw4vp9y5jv 0 234016 1540866 2026-05-12T09:46:44Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sara Cunial''' (alizaliwa 8 Julai 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanaharakati ambaye alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Cunial alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]] lakini alikulia mkoani [[Veneto]]. Ana shahada ya kemia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Padua na amefanya kazi katika sekta ya kilimo-hai (organic farming). Aliingia bungeni mwaka 2018 kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Hata hivyo, ali...' 1540866 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sara Cunial''' (alizaliwa 8 Julai 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanaharakati ambaye alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == Cunial alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]] lakini alikulia mkoani [[Veneto]]. Ana shahada ya kemia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Padua na amefanya kazi katika sekta ya kilimo-hai (organic farming). Aliingia bungeni mwaka 2018 kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Hata hivyo, alifukuzwa chamani mnamo mwaka 2019 kutokana na kutofautiana na msimamo wa chama, hususan baada ya kukiita chama hicho kuwa "maiti inayotembea" na kukosoa sera zake za mazingira. Anajulikana zaidi kwa misimamo yake mikali dhidi ya chanjo (anti-vax), kupinga teknolojia ya 5G, na kupinga vizuizi vya kiafya vilivyowekwa wakati wa janga la [[UVIKO-19]]. Mnamo mwaka 2022, alianzisha na kuongoza orodha ya uchaguzi iitwayo '''Vita''' (Maisha), iliyojumuisha harakati mbalimbali zinazopinga kile alichokiita "dikteta wa kiafya".<ref>{{Cite web |title=No Vax, No 5G e No Paura: ecco Vita, la lista di Cunial contro la dittatura sanitaria |url=https://www.fanpage.it/politica/no-vax-no-5g-e-no-paura-ecco-vita-la-lista-di-cunial-contro-la-dittatura-sanitaria/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Fanpage |language=it}}</ref> Hata hivyo, katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022, chama chake hakikufikia kizingiti cha kura zinazohitajika na hivyo hakuchaguliwa tena. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1979||Cunial, Sara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pphyhb4xb5bqsvo6frq08n0jt6v0m33 3 234017 1540867 2026-05-12T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540867 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) m4c4kpsi46zhizk3v5ux53jkupxpop0 3 234018 1540868 2026-05-12T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540868 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) m4c4kpsi46zhizk3v5ux53jkupxpop0 3 234019 1540869 2026-05-12T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540869 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) m4c4kpsi46zhizk3v5ux53jkupxpop0 3 234020 1540870 2026-05-12T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540870 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) m4c4kpsi46zhizk3v5ux53jkupxpop0 3 234021 1540871 2026-05-12T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540871 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) m4c4kpsi46zhizk3v5ux53jkupxpop0 3 234022 1540872 2026-05-12T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540872 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) tjc10znadxmemqua6771qcgynahbeef 3 234023 1540873 2026-05-12T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540873 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) tjc10znadxmemqua6771qcgynahbeef 3 234024 1540874 2026-05-12T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540874 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) tjc10znadxmemqua6771qcgynahbeef 3 234025 1540875 2026-05-12T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540875 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) tjc10znadxmemqua6771qcgynahbeef 3 234026 1540876 2026-05-12T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540876 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) tjc10znadxmemqua6771qcgynahbeef 3 234027 1540877 2026-05-12T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540877 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) tjc10znadxmemqua6771qcgynahbeef 3 234028 1540878 2026-05-12T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1540878 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC) s7cki9cfixxwm5dmv4fbkpcnmtfzegx 0 234029 1540879 2026-05-12T09:50:18Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Simonyi''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 10]], [[1948]]) ni [[msanidi programu]], [[mfanyabiashara]], na mtalii wa angani nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Hungaria]].<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |date=2002-09-17 |title=A Microsoft Pioneer Leaves to Strike Out on His Own |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/17/business/technology-a-microsoft-pioneer-leaves-to-strike-out-on-his-own.html |access-date=2008-05-21 |newspaper=The...' 1540879 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Simonyi''' (Alizaliwa [[Septemba 10]], [[1948]]) ni [[msanidi programu]], [[mfanyabiashara]], na mtalii wa angani nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Hungaria]].<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |date=2002-09-17 |title=A Microsoft Pioneer Leaves to Strike Out on His Own |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/17/business/technology-a-microsoft-pioneer-leaves-to-strike-out-on-his-own.html |access-date=2008-05-21 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=C4}}</ref>Aliongoza maendeleo ya programu za kwanza za maombi za [[Microsoft]], ikiwemo matoleo ya awali ya [[Microsoft Office]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Charles Simonyi |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Simonyi |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref>Kufikia Januari 8, 2025, utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 7.5.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Simonyi |first1=C. |year=1999 |title=The Future is Intentional |journal=Computer |volume=32 |issue=5 |pages=56–57 |doi=10.1109/MC.1999.762800 |s2cid=27920850}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aitken |first1=W. |title=Proceedings. Fifth International Conference on Software Reuse (Cat. No.98TB100203) |last2=Dickens |first2=B. |last3=Kwiatkowski |first3=P. |last4=De Moor |first4=O. |last5=Richter |first5=D. |last6=Simonyi |first6=C. |year=1998 |isbn=0-8186-8377-5 |pages=114–123 |chapter=Transformation in intentional programming |doi=10.1109/ICSR.1998.685736 |s2cid=11388901}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Simonyi |first1=C. |title=Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications - OOPSLA '06 |last2=Christerson |first2=M. |last3=Clifford |first3=S. |year=2006 |isbn=1595933484 |pages=451 |chapter=Intentional software |doi=10.1145/1167473.1167511 |s2cid=10334945}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0zdds67cdxtp2enr6gyud2pvjxdykis 0 234030 1540880 2026-05-12T09:51:28Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Valentina Cuppi''' (alizaliwa 19 Agosti 1983) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama Rais wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) kuanzia mwezi Februari 2020 hadi Machi 2023. Tangu Juni 2019, anahudumu pia kama Meya wa [[Marzabotto]], mji ulioko karibu na [[Bologna]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/2020/02/22/valentina-cuppi-pd-chi-e.html |title=Valentina Cuppi nuova presidente del Pd: ecco chi è |pub...' 1540880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valentina Cuppi''' (alizaliwa 19 Agosti 1983) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama Rais wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia (Italia)|Chama cha Kidemokrasia (PD) kuanzia mwezi Februari 2020 hadi Machi 2023. Tangu Juni 2019, anahudumu pia kama Meya wa [[Marzabotto]], mji ulioko karibu na [[Bologna]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tg24.sky.it/politica/2020/02/22/valentina-cuppi-pd-chi-e.html |title=Valentina Cuppi nuova presidente del Pd: ecco chi è |publisher=Sky TG24 |language=it |date=22 February 2020}}</ref> == Wasifu == Cuppi alizaliwa mjini [[Bologna]]. Kitaaluma, ana shahada ya uzamili katika sayansi ya falsafa na amefanya kazi kama mwalimu wa historia na falsafa katika shule za sekondari. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika ngazi ya manispaa mjini Marzabotto, ambapo alihudumu kama diwani na kisha naibu meya kabla ya kuchaguliwa kuwa meya mwaka 2019. Marzabotto ni mji wenye historia muhimu nchini Italia kutokana na mauaji ya kinyama yaliyofanywa na Wanazi wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, na Cuppi amekuwa mstari wa mbele kuhifadhi kumbukumbu za ukinzani dhidi ya ufashisti (anti-fascism). Mnamo tarehe 22 Februari 2020, kufuatia pendekezo la Katibu wa chama [[Nicola Zingaretti]], Cuppi alichaguliwa kwa kauli moja na mkutano mkuu wa kitaifa kuwa Rais wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia. Katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa mwanamke wa tatu kushika wadhifa huo katika historia ya chama. Alimaliza muda wake wa urais wa chama mnamo Machi 2023, kufuatia kuchaguliwa kwa [[Elly Schlein]] kama Katibu Mkuu mpya na Stefano Bonaccini kama Rais mpya wa chama. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983||Cuppi, Valentina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dhc4aot2z3s6ag24wzi3oxz2j1ex82b 0 234031 1540882 2026-05-12T09:57:27Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Celeste D'Arrando''' (alizaliwa 23 Machi 1985 mjini [[Turin]], [[Italia]]) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia. Alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 kwa ajili ya Bunge la 18 la Jamhuri ya Italia. == Wasifu == D'Arrando alikulia katika mji wa [[Collegno]], mkoani [[Piedmont]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi katika sekta ya huduma za kijamii, akijikita zaidi katika kusaidia watu wenye ulemav...' 1540882 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Celeste D'Arrando''' (alizaliwa 23 Machi 1985 mjini [[Turin]], [[Italia]]) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia. Alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 kwa ajili ya Bunge la 18 la Jamhuri ya Italia. == Wasifu == D'Arrando alikulia katika mji wa [[Collegno]], mkoani [[Piedmont]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi katika sekta ya huduma za kijamii, akijikita zaidi katika kusaidia watu wenye ulemavu na wazee. Alijiunga na chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) na kuchaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia chama hicho. Akiwa bungeni kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kumi na Mbili ya Masuala ya Kijamii (XII Commissione Affari Sociali). Katika majukumu yake, alijikita sana katika kutetea haki za afya ya umma, kuboresha huduma za afya ya akili, na kupigania haki za walezi wa familia (caregivers). Ingawa aligombea tena katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2022, hakuchaguliwa kurejea bungeni kutokana na matokeo ya jumla ya chama chake katika jimbo hilo. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985||D'Arrando, Celeste}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ovcwb9bfoqa2e500ggqrxjxxh6ybovv 0 234032 1540902 2026-05-12T10:24:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Catherine Healy (chef)]] hadi [[Catherine Healy (mpishi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1540902 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Catherine Healy (mpishi)]] medlfv9mdjrja1doyrw87jtn3jnzsat 0 234033 1540907 2026-05-12T10:29:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Samuel Lewis (barrister)]] hadi [[Samuel Lewis (wakili)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1540907 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Samuel Lewis (wakili)]] hn0ddsvhy29n2psvekk0cvzhu2adntp 0 234034 1540910 2026-05-12T10:34:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[John Leigh (ambassador)]] hadi [[John Leigh (balozi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1540910 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[John Leigh (balozi)]] 5z7h6rm05ntscqs8m5kuil9v0riuvis 0 234035 1540912 2026-05-12T10:35:37Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Valentina D'Orso''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanasheria ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2018 kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307388&idpersona=307388&idlegislatura=19|title=D'Orso Valentina – M5S|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == D'Ors...' 1540912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valentina D'Orso''' (alizaliwa 29 Julai 1980) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na mwanasheria ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia tangu mwaka 2018 kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg19/29?shadow_deputato=307388&idpersona=307388&idlegislatura=19|title=D'Orso Valentina – M5S|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == D'Orso alizaliwa mjini [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]]. Kitaaluma, yeye ni mwanasheria aliyebobea katika sheria za kiraia na amekuwa akijihusisha na harakati za kijamii na kisheria katika mji wake wa asili kabla ya kuingia bungeni. Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018]] na kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2022. Akiwa bungeni, amekuwa mjumbe muhimu wa Kamati ya Sheria, ambapo amejikita katika masuala ya marekebisho ya mfumo wa mahakama, haki za kiraia, na mapambano dhidi ya rushwa. Tangu mwaka 2024, anahudumu kama katibu wa kamati ya uchunguzi ya bunge kuhusu [[kifo cha David Rossi]] (meneja wa benki ya Monte dei Paschi di Siena aliyefariki katika mazingira tatanisha).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/valentina-dorso-1980-07-29-2|title=Valentina D'Orso|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> D'Orso anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wataalamu wa kisheria wenye ushawishi ndani ya chama chake, akitetea kwa nguvu ufanisi wa mfumo wa haki nchini Italia. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980||D'Orso, Valentina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Palermo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] br434psguwllhpekfrjeeuzrsdjr4v5 0 234036 1540916 2026-05-12T10:38:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Nyanzi Martin Luther (born 2009)]] hadi [[Nyanzi Martin Luther]]: urahisi wa kuupata 1540916 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Nyanzi Martin Luther]] gi96a88b06obpk93emy79xjd000r7r1 0 234037 1540919 2026-05-12T10:40:51Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fabiana Dadone''' (alizaliwa 12 Februari 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Sera za Vijana wa Italia katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Draghi]] kati ya mwaka 2021 na 2022. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Utawala wa Umma wa Italia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte II kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2021. == Wasifu == Dadone alizaliwa mjini [[Cuneo]], mkoani [[Piedmont]]. Kitaaluma, yeye ni mwanasheria aliyebobea katika sheria za...' 1540919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabiana Dadone''' (alizaliwa 12 Februari 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia ambaye alihudumu kama Waziri wa Sera za Vijana wa Italia katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri la Draghi]] kati ya mwaka 2021 na 2022. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Utawala wa Umma wa Italia katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Conte II kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2021. == Wasifu == Dadone alizaliwa mjini [[Cuneo]], mkoani [[Piedmont]]. Kitaaluma, yeye ni mwanasheria aliyebobea katika sheria za kiraia na alihitimu masomo yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Turin. Aliingia kwenye siasa kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) na alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia]] mwaka 2013 akiwa na umri wa miaka 29 pekee, na kuchaguliwa tena mwaka 2018. Akiwa bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Kikatiba na alijipatia sifa kwa misimamo yake kuhusu uwazi na maadili katika utumishi wa umma. Wakati wa uongozi wake kama Waziri wa Utawala wa Umma, alisimamia mchakato wa kuanzisha mfumo wa kufanya kazi kwa njia ya mtandao (smart working) katika sekta ya umma nchini Italia wakati wa janga la [[UVIKO-19]]. Baadaye, akiwa Waziri wa Sera za Vijana, alijikita katika kuimarisha kadi ya vijana ya kitaifa (Carta Giovani Nazionale) na kusaidia ajira kwa vijana. Mnamo mwaka 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa mmoja wa waratibu wa kitaifa wa chama cha Five Star Movement, akishughulikia masuala ya mafunzo ya kisiasa ya chama hicho. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984||Dadone, Fabiana}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6xk0qlblfqb3ccn7htr54uhm9bn7dod 0 234038 1540922 2026-05-12T10:42:28Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Neil Smit''' (Alizaliwa [[1960]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].Aliyekuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Comcast Cable'', shirika la Marekani linalotoa bidhaa na huduma za kebo, burudani na mawasiliano.<ref>{{cite web |title= Comcast Employment Agreement : Neil Smit |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1166691/000119312512073905/d262998dex1037.htm |date=November 1, 2011 |publisher = Security & Exchange Commission |accessdate=September 11,...' 1540922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neil Smit''' (Alizaliwa [[1960]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].Aliyekuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Comcast Cable'', shirika la Marekani linalotoa bidhaa na huduma za kebo, burudani na mawasiliano.<ref>{{cite web |title= Comcast Employment Agreement : Neil Smit |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1166691/000119312512073905/d262998dex1037.htm |date=November 1, 2011 |publisher = Security & Exchange Commission |accessdate=September 11, 2015}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mtur9zoqtqdhiikirqvd9hurp1zksll 0 234039 1540925 2026-05-12T10:44:38Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Manuela Dal Lago''' (alizaliwa mjini [[Vicenza]], 10 Agosti 1946) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord]] (kupitia tawi lake la [[Liga Veneta]]).<ref>Agostini, Tiziana & Ianuale, Raffaella (1999) ''Serenissime: Viaggio nel Veneto Delle Donne'', Ediciclo, {{ISBN|88-85318-27-4}}, p. 30</ref> == Wasifu == Dal Lago alianza kazi yake ya kisiasa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa [[Mkoa wa Vicenza]] (Provincia di V...' 1540925 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Manuela Dal Lago''' (alizaliwa mjini [[Vicenza]], 10 Agosti 1946) ni mwanasiasa wa Italia na mwanachama wa chama cha [[Lega Nord]] (kupitia tawi lake la [[Liga Veneta]]).<ref>Agostini, Tiziana & Ianuale, Raffaella (1999) ''Serenissime: Viaggio nel Veneto Delle Donne'', Ediciclo, {{ISBN|88-85318-27-4}}, p. 30</ref> == Wasifu == Dal Lago alianza kazi yake ya kisiasa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa [[Mkoa wa Vicenza]] (Provincia di Vicenza) mnamo mwaka 1997 na kuhudumu katika nafasi hiyo kwa vipindi viwili hadi mwaka 2007. Uongozi wake ulijikita zaidi katika maendeleo ya miundombinu na kukuza uchumi wa eneo la Veneto. Mnamo mwaka 2008, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia (Camera dei Deputati) katika Bunge la 16 la Jamhuri ya Italia. Akiwa bungeni, alihudumu kama Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Uzalishaji, Biashara, na Utalii. Alikuwa mshirika wa karibu wa [[Umberto Bossi]], mwanzilishi wa Lega Nord, na alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za uongozi ndani ya chama hicho katika ngazi ya kitaifa na mkoa. Baada ya kumaliza muda wake bungeni mwaka 2013, amendelea kubaki kuwa mshauri muhimu wa kisiasa katika mkoa wake wa asili wa Vicenza. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1946||Dal Lago, Manuela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] b1i2vwo4nszo0r5545sx1tfzlakn64m 0 234040 1540926 2026-05-12T10:45:19Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jeffrey Stuart Skoll''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 16]], [[1965]]) ni [[mhandisi]], [[mjasiriamali]] wa mtandaoni, na [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] mwenye uraia wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]].<ref>Cohen, Adam, [http://www.twbookmark.com/books/51/0316164933/chapter_excerpt16883.html ''The Perfect Store: Inside Ebay''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630123157/http://www.twbookmark.com/books/51/0316164933/chapter_excerpt16883.html |date=June 30, 2...' 1540926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeffrey Stuart Skoll''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 16]], [[1965]]) ni [[mhandisi]], [[mjasiriamali]] wa mtandaoni, na [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] mwenye uraia wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]].<ref>Cohen, Adam, [http://www.twbookmark.com/books/51/0316164933/chapter_excerpt16883.html ''The Perfect Store: Inside Ebay''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630123157/http://www.twbookmark.com/books/51/0316164933/chapter_excerpt16883.html |date=June 30, 2006 }}, {{ISBN|0-316-16493-3}}</ref>Alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa [[eBay]], hatimaye akitumia utajiri alioupata kufanya uhisani, hasa kupitia Skoll Foundation, na kampuni yake ya media Participant Media.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jeffrey-skoll/|title=Jeffrey Skoll|newspaper=Forbes|access-date=December 28, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] lmrvsiwgk9pntwlbouaxmwbeux7x35g 3 234041 1540930 2026-05-12T10:49:16Z Neriah 46921 Neriah alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Crushcrushcrush1]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Crushcrushcrush]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush1|Crushcrushcrush1]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Crushcrushcrush|Crushcrushcrush]]" 1540930 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Crushcrushcrush]] a2x2wuwm6tx8wmfwy5zngs86eymvmlh 0 234042 1540931 2026-05-12T10:50:00Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Concetta Damante''' (alizaliwa 5 Februari 1972) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/composizione/senatori/elenco-alfabetico/scheda-attivita?tab=datiAnag&did=36391|title=Concetta Damante|publisher=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Damante alizaliwa mjini [[Gela]], katika kisiwa cha Sicil...' 1540931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Concetta Damante''' (alizaliwa 5 Februari 1972) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/composizione/senatori/elenco-alfabetico/scheda-attivita?tab=datiAnag&did=36391|title=Concetta Damante|publisher=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]|language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Damante alizaliwa mjini [[Gela]], katika kisiwa cha [[Sicily]]. Kitaaluma, anafanya kazi katika sekta ya utawala na uhasibu. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa ndani ya chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Kuanzia mwaka 2019 hadi 2022, alikuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Mkoa wa Sicily (Assemblea Regionale Siciliana), ambapo alijishughulisha na masuala ya bajeti na mipango ya mkoa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento19.openpolis.it/persone/concetta-damante-1972-02-05|title=Concetta Damante|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}</ref> Katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022, alichaguliwa kuwa Seneta wa Jamhuri ya Italia. Katika Baraza la Seneti, anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Bajeti na amekuwa akipigania maendeleo ya miundombinu na uchumi wa kusini mwa Italia, hususan katika eneo lake la asili la Sicily. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1972||Damante, Concetta}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] eiv8zbqabg2wsuapfs8ybr7l4jta7pi 0 234043 1540933 2026-05-12T10:50:56Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frederick Wallace Smith''' ([[Agosti 11]], [[1944]] – [[Juni 21]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] mkuu na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].Alikuwa mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa [[FedEx Corporation]], kampuni kubwa zaidi ya usafirishaji wa haraka duniani. Smith alistaafu kama afisa mkuu mtendaji mnamo Juni [[2022]] na alifuatwa na [[Raj Subramaniam]].<ref name = Traub>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/22/obituaries/fred-smith-billiona...' 1540933 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frederick Wallace Smith''' ([[Agosti 11]], [[1944]] – [[Juni 21]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] mkuu na mwekezaji nchini [[Marekani]].Alikuwa mwanzilishi na mwenyekiti wa [[FedEx Corporation]], kampuni kubwa zaidi ya usafirishaji wa haraka duniani. Smith alistaafu kama afisa mkuu mtendaji mnamo Juni [[2022]] na alifuatwa na [[Raj Subramaniam]].<ref name = Traub>{{cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/22/obituaries/fred-smith-billionaire-founder-of-fedex-is-dead-at-80.html|title = Fred Smith, Billionaire Founder of FedEx, Is Dead at 80|last = Traub|first = Alex|date = June 22, 2025|accessdate = June 23, 2025|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|url-access = limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fred Smith 1944 |url=http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/biography/S-Z/Smith-Fred-1944.html |work=Business Biographies |access-date=September 23, 2021}}</ref> Alionekana kama mmoja wa wajasiriamali waliofanikiwa zaidi wa usafirishaji duniani. Wakati wa kifo chake, alikuwa na utajiri uliokadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 5.3 kulingana na [[Forbes]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fred Smith|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/fred-smith-1/ |access-date=June 23, 2025|website=Forbes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622211456/https://www.forbes.com/profile/fred-smith-1/ |archive-date=June 22, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] sgtn5ew7ayz2jzzs5ogm8hwy6jpjyqw 0 234044 1540936 2026-05-12T10:52:49Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maria Angela Danzì''' (alizaliwa 5 Julai 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) kuanzia mwaka 2022 hadi 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Maria Angela DANZÌ {{!}} Deputati {{!}} Parlamento Europeo |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/it/239258/MARIA+ANGELA_DANZI/home |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=it}}</ref> == Wasi...' 1540936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Angela Danzì''' (alizaliwa 5 Julai 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) kuanzia mwaka 2022 hadi 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Maria Angela DANZÌ {{!}} Deputati {{!}} Parlamento Europeo |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/it/239258/MARIA+ANGELA_DANZI/home |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Danzì alizaliwa mjini [[Librizzi]], katika mkoa wa [[Messina]], [[Sicily]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa za kitaifa na kimataifa, alikuwa na kazi mashuhuri katika utumishi wa umma nchini Italia, akihudumu kama Katibu Mkuu katika manispaa kadhaa muhimu, ukiwemo mji wa [[Genoa]] na mji wa [[Novara]]. Pia alishika nafasi za juu za usimamizi katika mkoa wa [[Lombardy]]. Mnamo Novemba 2022, aliingia katika Bunge la Ulaya kuchukua nafasi ya [[Eleonora Evi]] aliyekuwa amejiuzulu ili kujiunga na Bunge la Italia. Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Afya ya Umma na Usalama wa Chakula, pamoja na Kamati ya Maendeleo ya Kikanda. Alijikita zaidi katika kutetea uwazi ndani ya utawala wa umma, ulinzi wa mazingira, na haki za raia. Kazi yake imejikita katika kuleta uzoefu wake wa muda mrefu wa usimamizi wa serikali za mitaa katika ngazi ya sera za Ulaya, akisisitiza umuhimu wa matumizi bora ya fedha za umma kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya kijani na kijamii. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957||Danzi, Maria Angela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0kc46yko5y66xn3ym0rk7qcprufnugc 1540951 1540936 2026-05-12T11:37:02Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1540951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Angela Danzì''' (alizaliwa 5 Julai 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye alihudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) kuanzia mwaka 2022 hadi 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Home {{!}} Maria Angela DANZÌ {{!}} Deputati {{!}} Parlamento Europeo |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/it/239258/MARIA+ANGELA_DANZI/home |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=it}}</ref> == Wasifu == Danzì alizaliwa mjini [[Librizzi]], katika mkoa wa [[Messina]], [[Sicily]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa za kitaifa na kimataifa, alikuwa na kazi mashuhuri katika utumishi wa umma nchini Italia, akihudumu kama Katibu Mkuu katika manispaa kadhaa muhimu, ukiwemo mji wa [[Genoa]] na mji wa [[Novara]]. Pia alishika nafasi za juu za usimamizi katika mkoa wa [[Lombardy]]. Mnamo Novemba 2022, aliingia katika Bunge la Ulaya kuchukua nafasi ya [[Eleonora Evi]] aliyekuwa amejiuzulu ili kujiunga na Bunge la Italia. Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Afya ya Umma na Usalama wa Chakula, pamoja na Kamati ya Maendeleo ya Kikanda. Alijikita zaidi katika kutetea uwazi ndani ya utawala wa umma, ulinzi wa mazingira, na haki za raia. Kazi yake imejikita katika kuleta uzoefu wake wa muda mrefu wa usimamizi wa serikali za mitaa katika ngazi ya sera za Ulaya, akisisitiza umuhimu wa matumizi bora ya fedha za umma kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya kijani na kijamii. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957||Danzi, Maria Angela}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] llfobbhw5x5975f7jumpqsg6uixejwq 0 234045 1540938 2026-05-12T10:56:09Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elisa De Berti''' (alizaliwa [[Bovolone]], 22 Oktoba 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Veneto]], [[Italia]], anayemiliki itikadi za kizalendo za Kiveneti ([[Venetian nationalism|Uveneti]]). == Wasifu == De Berti ni mwanasheria kitaaluma, akiwa amehitimu shahada ya sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Verona. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika ngazi ya mtaa ambapo alihudumu kama Meya wa [[Isola Rizza]] kuanzia mwaka 2009 hadi 2015. Yeye ni mwanachama mashuhuri wa...' 1540938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisa De Berti''' (alizaliwa [[Bovolone]], 22 Oktoba 1974) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Veneto]], [[Italia]], anayemiliki itikadi za kizalendo za Kiveneti ([[Venetian nationalism|Uveneti]]). == Wasifu == De Berti ni mwanasheria kitaaluma, akiwa amehitimu shahada ya sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Verona. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika ngazi ya mtaa ambapo alihudumu kama Meya wa [[Isola Rizza]] kuanzia mwaka 2009 hadi 2015. Yeye ni mwanachama mashuhuri wa chama cha [[Lega Nord]] (kupitia tawi la [[Liga Veneta]]). Tangu mwaka 2015, amekuwa akihudumu katika serikali ya mkoa wa [[Veneto]] chini ya Rais [[Luca Zaia]]. Mnamo mwaka 2020, aliteuliwa kuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Mkoa wa Veneto, akisimamia pia masuala ya miundombinu, usafiri, na mawasiliano. Anajulikana kwa juhudi zake za kuboresha mtandao wa usafiri wa mkoa huo na kutetea uhuru mkubwa zaidi wa kiutawala kwa ajili ya Veneto. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||De Berti, Elisa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] aftb1azqzkvgt6ldvq3v37kyt2vrwda 0 234046 1540940 2026-05-12T11:03:24Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elisabetta De Blasis''' (alizaliwa 30 Aprili 1974) ni mwanasiasa na daktari wa [[Italia]] ambaye amehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Home {{!}} Elisabetta DE BLASIS {{!}} Deputati {{!}} Parlamento Europeo |language=it |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/it/239262/ELISABETTA_DE+BLASIS/home |access-date=2022-11-28}}</ref> == Wasifu == De Blasis alizaliwa mjini [[Avezzano]], katika mkoa wa [[Abruzzo]]....' 1540940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisabetta De Blasis''' (alizaliwa 30 Aprili 1974) ni mwanasiasa na daktari wa [[Italia]] ambaye amehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]] tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Home {{!}} Elisabetta DE BLASIS {{!}} Deputati {{!}} Parlamento Europeo |language=it |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/it/239262/ELISABETTA_DE+BLASIS/home |access-date=2022-11-28}}</ref> == Wasifu == De Blasis alizaliwa mjini [[Avezzano]], katika mkoa wa [[Abruzzo]]. Kitaaluma yeye ni daktari bingwa wa magonjwa ya moyo (cardiologist), akifanya kazi katika hospitali mbalimbali nchini Italia kabla ya kuingia kikamilifu kwenye siasa. Alianza harakati zake za kisiasa katika ngazi ya manispaa mjini [[L'Aquila]], ambapo alichaguliwa kuwa diwani wa mji huo mwaka 2017. Mnamo Novemba 2022, aliingia katika Bunge la Ulaya kuchukua nafasi iliyoachwa wazi na [[Andrea Caroppo]]. Katika maisha yake ya kisiasa, amepitia mabadiliko kadhaa ya vyama; alianza na chama cha [[Lega Nord|Lega]], kisha akajiunga na [[Brothers of Italy|Fratelli d'Italia]] mnamo 2023, na baadaye mnamo 2024 alihamia chama cha [[Forza Italia (2013)|Forza Italia]]. Katika Bunge la Ulaya, amekuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Afya ya Umma na Usalama wa Chakula, akitumia utaalamu wake wa kitabibu kuchangia katika sera za afya za Ulaya. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974||De Blasis, Elisabetta}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qygknayycx3521up566111jqvkem94n 0 234047 1540941 2026-05-12T11:10:57Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Danila De Lucia''' (alizaliwa 3 Desemba 1961) ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == De Lucia alizaliwa mjini [[Benevento]], mkoani [[Campania]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kwa muda mrefu kama mwandishi wa habari na mtaalamu wa mawasiliano, akijihusisha na masuala ya kitamaduni na kijamii...' 1540941 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danila De Lucia''' (alizaliwa 3 Desemba 1961) ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022. == Wasifu == De Lucia alizaliwa mjini [[Benevento]], mkoani [[Campania]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kwa muda mrefu kama mwandishi wa habari na mtaalamu wa mawasiliano, akijihusisha na masuala ya kitamaduni na kijamii katika eneo lake. Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018. Akiwa bungeni, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Saba ya Elimu ya Umma na Urithi wa Kitamaduni. Katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa ulinzi wa maktaba, makumbusho, na sekta ya sanaa nchini Italia. Pia alishika nafasi ya kiongozi wa kundi la Five Star Movement ndani ya kamati hiyo ya seneti. Mbali na majukumu ya kisheria, De Lucia amekuwa akijihusisha na harakati za kupinga ghasia dhidi ya wanawake na kukuza usawa wa kijinsia katika nyanja za kisiasa na kijamii. Muda wake bungeni ulimalizika mwaka 2022 kufuatia uchaguzi mkuu mpya. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961||De Lucia, Danila}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dkegubb0jq4sp6cgd10x2u3ed5x0qnu 0 234048 1540942 2026-05-12T11:15:32Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Loredana De Petris''' (alizaliwa 24 Novemba 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye amehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia kwa vipindi vinne vya bunge (legislatures). == Wasifu == De Petris alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]] na kuanza harakati zake za kisiasa tangu ujana wake. Kitaaluma, alihitimu shahada ya falsafa. Alikuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa chama cha kijani kibichi nchini Italia (Federazione dei Verdi) na amekuwa mwanaharakati wa muda mre...' 1540942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loredana De Petris''' (alizaliwa 24 Novemba 1957) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye amehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia kwa vipindi vinne vya bunge (legislatures). == Wasifu == De Petris alizaliwa mjini [[Roma]] na kuanza harakati zake za kisiasa tangu ujana wake. Kitaaluma, alihitimu shahada ya falsafa. Alikuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa chama cha kijani kibichi nchini Italia (Federazione dei Verdi) na amekuwa mwanaharakati wa muda mrefu wa masuala ya mazingira na haki za kiraia. Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2001. Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi, ameshika nyadhifa mbalimbali muhimu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa Rais wa kundi la bunge la "Misto" (Mixed Group) na kundi la "Free and Equal" (Liberi e Uguali). Amekuwa sauti dhabiti katika kupigania sheria za ulinzi wa mazingira, haki za wafanyakazi, na usawa wa kijamii. Katika bunge la 18 (2018–2022), alichukua jukumu muhimu kama mratibu wa kundi la mrengo wa kushoto ndani ya Seneti. De Petris anajulikana kwa uzoefu wake mkubwa wa taratibu za bunge na uwezo wake wa kujenga maridhiano kati ya makundi mbalimbali ya kisiasa. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957||De Petris, Loredana}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Roma]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3saoont558f30iychxlijce931rxa75 0 234049 1540943 2026-05-12T11:16:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ollen Bruton Smith''' ([[Machi 3]], [[1927]] – [[Juni 22]], [[2022]]) alikuwa mtendaji wa michezo ya magari na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name="Zeller–2003">{{Cite web |last=Zeller |first=Bob |date=July 1, 2003 |title=Bruton and the Two Bills: A 50-Year Rivalry |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15151437/bruton-and-the-two-bills-a-50-year-rivalry/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=[[Car and Driver]] |langu...' 1540943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ollen Bruton Smith''' ([[Machi 3]], [[1927]] – [[Juni 22]], [[2022]]) alikuwa mtendaji wa michezo ya magari na [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name="Zeller–2003">{{Cite web |last=Zeller |first=Bob |date=July 1, 2003 |title=Bruton and the Two Bills: A 50-Year Rivalry |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15151437/bruton-and-the-two-bills-a-50-year-rivalry/ |url-status=live |access-date=July 4, 2023 |website=[[Car and Driver]] |language=en-US |archive-date=July 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704212526/https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15151437/bruton-and-the-two-bills-a-50-year-rivalry/ }}</ref> Alijulikana zaidi kama mmiliki wa makampuni mawili ya umma, ''Speedway Motorsports, Inc. (SMI)'' na ''Sonic Automotive''.<ref name="Kennedy–1979">{{Cite news |last=Kennedy |first=John W. |date=October 7, 1979 |title=Concord's Smith Helped Build Charlotte Speedway |page=39 |work=[[Rocky Mount Telegram]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/rocky-mount-telegram-concords-smith-hel/127582217/ |access-date=July 4, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=July 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704212147/https://www.newspapers.com/article/rocky-mount-telegram-concords-smith-hel/127582217/ |url-status=live }} {{Open access}}</ref> Smith alishikilia nyadhifa za makamu wa rais na meneja mkuu wa ''Charlotte Motor Speedway'' na baadaye akawa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Speedway Motorsports na Sonic Automotive. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1927]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] alj38dbjt7kbygi1gzn3yr29aguqyml 0 234050 1540947 2026-05-12T11:26:34Z Egipa 87700 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Caterina De Simone''', anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Titti De Simone''' (alizaliwa 15 Februari 1970), ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika bunge la 14 na la 15 kuanzia mwaka 2001 hadi 2008 kupitia chama cha [[Communist Refoundation Party]] (''Rifondazione Comunista'').<ref name="parlamento" /><ref name="openpolis" /> == Wasifu == De Simone alizaliwa mjini [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]]. Kab...' 1540947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caterina De Simone''', anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Titti De Simone''' (alizaliwa 15 Februari 1970), ni mwanasiasa na mwandishi wa habari wa [[Italia]]. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia katika bunge la 14 na la 15 kuanzia mwaka 2001 hadi 2008 kupitia chama cha [[Communist Refoundation Party]] (''Rifondazione Comunista'').<ref name="parlamento" /><ref name="openpolis" /> == Wasifu == De Simone alizaliwa mjini [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]]. Kabla ya kuingia bungeni, alifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari na alikuwa mwanaharakati mashuhuri wa haki za binadamu. Alipochaguliwa katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2001, aliweka historia kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza mbunge nchini Italia kutangaza waziwazi kuwa yeye ni msagaji (lesbian).<ref name="baroni" /> Katika kipindi chake bungeni, alikuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa haki za jamii ya [[LGBTQ+]], haki za wanawake, na masuala ya kijamii. Pia alihudumu kama Rais wa shirika la ''Arcilesbica'' kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2002. Baada ya kumaliza muda wake bungeni, ameendelea kuwa na ushawishi katika siasa za mkoa wa Sicily, ambapo amehudumu kama mshauri wa kisiasa wa Rais wa mkoa wa [[Apulia]], akijikita katika masuala ya utamaduni na utekelezaji wa sera za kijamii. == Marejeo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="parlamento">{{cite web|url=https://storia.camera.it/deputato/caterina-de-simone-19700215|title=Caterina De Simone|publisher=Camera dei Deputati|language=it}}</ref> <ref name="openpolis">{{cite web|url=https://politici.openpolis.it/politico/titti-de-simone/2432|title=Titti De Simone|publisher=Openpolis|language=it}}</ref> <ref name="baroni">{{cite news|last=Baroni|first=Monica|title=Titti De Simone, la prima parlamentare lesbica: "La politica oggi ha paura"|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2021/05/17/news/titti_de_simone_la_prima_parlamentare_lesbica_la_politica_oggi_ha_paura_-301438992/|work=La Repubblica|language=it|date=17 Mei 2021}}</ref> }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970||De Simone, Titti}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p6qsdf2ufavhv3lqy61m2mo12wa5ezr