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Zambia
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{{Jedwali la nchi
| jina_asili = {{lang|en|Republic of Zambia}}
| jina_refu_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Zambia
| common_name = Zambia
| bendera = Flag of Zambia.svg
| nembo = Coat of arms of Zambia.svg
| ramani = Zambia on the globe (Africa centered).svg
| maelezo_ramani = Eneo la Zambia
| kaulimbiu = "One Zambia, One Nation"
| wimbo_wa_taifa = "Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free"
| lugha_rasmi = [[Kiingereza]]
| lugha_ya_kitaifa = [[Bemba]], [[Nyanja]], [[Tonga]], [[Lozi]], na nyinginezo
| mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Lusaka]]
| serikali = Jamhuri ya rais wa umoja
| cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais
| cheo_kiongozi2 = Makamu wa Rais
| kiongozi1 = [[Hakainde Hichilema]]
| kiongozi2 = [[Mutale Nalumango]]
| bunge = Bunge la Zambia
| tukio1 = Uhuru kutoka Uingereza
| tukio1_tarehe = 24 Oktoba 1964
| kabila = 99.2% [[Waafrika]] </br> 0.8% Wengine
| mwaka_kabila = 2024
| eneo_jumla = 752,612 km²
| cheo_eneo = 39
| maji = 1.55%
| muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru kutoka Uingereza'''
| watu_kadirio = 20,569,737
| mwaka_kadirio = 2024
| cheo_watu = 63
| watu_sensa = 19,610,769
| mwaka_sensa = 2022
| msongamano = 27
| cheo_msongamano = 182
| mwaka_pato = 2024
| plt_ppp = {{increase}} $84.93 bilioni
| cheo_plt_ppp = 108
| pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $4,131
| cheo_plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = 152
| plt = {{increase}} $32.85 bilioni
| plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $1,597
| cheo_plt_kwa_mtu = 164
| maendeleo = {{decrease}} 0.565 {{kati}}
| mwaka_maendeleo = 2022
| cheo_maendeleo = 150
| gini = {{PungukoChanya}} 51.5
| mwaka_gini = 2021
| fedha = Kwacha ya Zambia (ZMW)
| majira_saa = +2 [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| mfumo_tarehe = dd-mm-yyyy (AD)
| upande_gari = Kushoto
| tld = .zm
| msimbo_simu = 260
}}
'''Zambia''', rasmi '''Jamhuri ya Zambia''', ni nchi isiyo na pwani iliyoko [[Afrika ya Kusini|Kusini mwa Afrika]], ikipakana na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] na [[Tanzania]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Malawi]] upande wa mashariki, [[Msumbiji]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Botswana]], na [[Namibia]] upande wa kusini, na [[Angola]] upande wa magharibi. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia|title=Zambia: Geography, History, and Government |website=Britannica |date=May 22, 2026 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Kufikia mwaka 2023, Zambia ina makadirio ya watu wapatao milioni 20.2, jambo linaloifanya kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye idadi ya wastani ya watu barani Afrika. <ref name="UN_Zambia_Pop">{{cite web |url=https://ourworldindata.org/profile/population-demography/zambia |title=Zambia: Population and Demography Country Profile |website=ourworldindata.org |publisher=Our World in Data |date=2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> [[Mji mkuu]] wake pamoja na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Lusaka]], ambalo hutumika kama kitovu cha kisiasa na kiuchumi cha taifa hilo. <ref name="GovUK_Zambia">{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/geographical-names-and-information |title=Zambia Toponymic Factfile |website=gov.uk |publisher=Permanent Committee on Geographical Names |date=January 2024 |access-date=May 23, 2026 }} </ref> Nchi hiyo imegawanywa kiutawala katika majimbo 10, na [[lugha rasmi]] inayotumika katika serikali na elimu ni [[Kiingereza]]. <ref name="GovUK_Zambia"/>
Zambia ina [[uchumi]] unaoendelea unaotegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa uchimbaji [[madini]], hasa [[shaba]], ambayo ndiyo bidhaa kuu ya [[mauzo ya nje]] na chanzo kikubwa cha mapato ya serikali. Sekta ya [[madini]] ina nafasi ya msingi katika shughuli za kiuchumi, ikiungwa mkono na sekta kama ujenzi, [[viwanda]], na [[nishati]]. [[Kilimo]] pia ni muhimu, kikiajiri sehemu kubwa ya wananchi na kuzalisha mazao kama [[mahindi]], [[tumbaku]], na [[miwa]]. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, [[serikali]] imekuwa ikijaribu kuleta mseto wa [[uchumi]] kwa kukuza sekta kama [[utalii]], [[kilimo]], na [[viwanda]] ili kupunguza utegemezi wa shaba.
Nchi inaendeshwa kama [[jamhuri]] ya rais yenye [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] vya kisiasa. Zambia ilipata uhuru kutoka [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] mwaka 1964 na awali ilikuwa chini ya mfumo wa chama kimoja kabla ya kuhamia katika [[demokrasia]] ya vyama vingi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Rais ni mkuu wa nchi na wa serikali, huku [[Bunge la taifa]] likiwa na jukumu la kutunga sheria. Zambia pia ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda na kimataifa kama [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC) na [[Umoja wa Afrika]], na hushiriki katika ushirikiano wa kikanda na maendeleo.
==Jina==
[[Jina]] limetokana na [[mto]] [[Zambezi]]. Jina la zamani za [[ukoloni]] (hadi [[1964]]) lilikuwa "[[Northern Rhodesia]]".
== Historia ==
{{Main|Historia ya Zambia}}
[[Historia ya Zambia]] inawakilisha historia ya eneo ambalo leo linaunda Jamhuri ya Zambia. Ushahidi wa [[akiolojia]] unaonyesha kwamba eneo hilo limekuwa na makazi ya binadamu kwa mamia ya maelfu ya miaka, huku baadhi ya wakazi wa kwanza wakiwa jamii za wawindaji na wakusanyaji. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia"/> Kuanzia takribani milenia ya kwanza BK, jamii zinazozungumza [[lugha za Kibantu]] zilihamia katika eneo hilo, zikileta [[kilimo]], teknolojia ya kuyeyusha chuma, na mifumo mipya ya kijamii na kisiasa. Baadaye, falme na machifu mbalimbali yaliibuka, yakiwemo mataifa yaliyokuwa chini ya ushawishi wa falme za Luba na Lunda kaskazini mwa Zambia, ambayo yalikuwa na nafasi muhimu katika biashara na utawala wa kikanda. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_History">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/History |author=Richard Brown |title=Zambia: History |website=Britannica |date=2025 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 }}</ref>
Katika [[karne ya 18]] na [[Karne ya 19|19]], eneo hilo lilizidi kuunganishwa na mitandao ya biashara ya masafa marefu iliyounganisha [[Afrika ya Kati]] na pwani za mashariki na magharibi za bara hilo. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_History"/> Wavumbuzi, wamisionari, na wafanyabiashara wa [[Ulaya]] walianza kuwasili katika [[karne ya 19]], akiwemo mmisionari na mvumbuzi wa Kiskoti [[David Livingstone]], ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa [[Wazungu]] wa kwanza kuandika kuhusu sehemu za eneo hilo. <ref name="BBC_Zambia_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14154675 |title=Zambia country profile |website=BBC News |date=Novemba 27, 2023 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baadaye eneo hilo liliingia chini ya ushawishi wa Kampuni ya British South Africa iliyoongozwa na Cecil Rhodes, na likasimamiwa kama Rhodesia ya Kaskazini. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_History"/>
Mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], Rhodesia ya Kaskazini ikawa himaya ya ulinzi ya [[Uingereza]] na kuendeleza uchumi uliotegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa uchimbaji madini, hasa shaba katika eneo la ''Copperbelt''. Harakati za utaifa wa [[Waafrika]] zilipata nguvu baada ya [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], zikipinga utawala wa kikoloni na kudai kujitawala. Viongozi kama Kenneth Kaunda na chama cha United National Independence Party (UNIP) walikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika harakati za uhuru. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_History"/> Rhodesia ya Kaskazini ilipata uhuru kutoka Uingereza tarehe 24 Oktoba 1964 na kuwa Jamhuri ya Zambia, huku Kaunda akiwa rais wake wa kwanza. <ref name="BBC_Zambia_Profile"/>
Baada ya uhuru, Zambia ilipitisha mfumo wa chama kimoja chini ya Kaunda kabla ya kurejea [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] mwaka 1991. <ref name="WFB_Zambia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zambia/#government |title=Zambia - World Factbook: Government |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=Aprili 2026 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032804/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zambia/#government |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nchi hiyo ilikabiliwa na changamoto za kiuchumi kutokana na mabadiliko ya bei za shaba katika soko la dunia, lakini iliendelea kuwa na nafasi muhimu katika masuala ya kikanda, ikiwemo kuunga mkono harakati za ukombozi [[Kusini mwa Afrika]]. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_History"/> Tangu kurejea kwa [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]], Zambia imepitia mabadiliko kadhaa ya madaraka kwa njia ya uchaguzi wa amani na imeendelea kuwa mojawapo ya nchi zenye utulivu wa kisiasa katika eneo hilo, huku ikiendeleza juhudi za maendeleo ya kiuchumi na utawala wa kidemokrasia. <ref name="WFB_Zambia"/>
==Jiografia==
Nchi kwa sehemu kubwa ni [[nyanda za juu]] kuanzia [[mita]] 1.000 hadi 1.400 juu ya [[UB]]. [[Milima]] ya Muchinga imepanda hadi mita 2.164, [[kilele]] cha juu kabisa kiko kwenye mita 2.301 huko milima ya [[Mafinga Hills]].
==Demografia==
===Kabila===
Wakazi wa Zambia ni wasemaji wa [[lugha]] za [[Kibantu]] katika [[Kabila|makabila]] 73. Makubwa ndio [[Wabemba]] (19%), [[Watonga]] (13.6%), [[Watumbuka]], [[Wachewa]], [[Walozi]], [[Walunda]], [[Waluvale]], [[Wakaonde]], [[Wankoya]] na [[Wanyanja]]-. Hata hivyo [[lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiingereza]].
=== Dini ===
Upande wa [[dini]], karibu wote ni wafuasi wa [[Ukristo]] ambao ndio [[dini rasmi]] kwa mujibu wa [[katiba]] ya nchi. 75.3% ni [[Waprotestanti]], 22% ni [[Wakatoliki]] na wengine wana dini ya aina nyingine au ni [[wakanamungu]].
== Uchumi ==
[[File:Lusaka, Zambia at Night.jpg|thumb|[[Lusaka]], Zambia]]
Uchumi wa Zambia ni uchumi wa [[pato la taifa kwa kila mtu|kipato cha kati cha chini]] na nchi isiyo na pwani iliyopo [[Kusini mwa Afrika]], ambao unategemea sana rasilimali za asili na sekta chache kuu. <ref name="WFB_Zambia_Econ">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zambia/#economy |title=Zambia - World Factbook: Economy |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=Aprili 2026 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032804/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/zambia/#economy |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muundo wa uchumi wa nchi unatawaliwa na uchimbaji [[madini]], hasa uzalishaji wa [[shaba]], ambao kihistoria umekuwa uti wa mgongo wa mapato ya taifa na mapato ya [[mauzo ya nje]]. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_Economy">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/Economy |author=Richard Brown |title=Zambia: Economy |website=Britannica |date=2025 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 }}</ref> Zambia ni miongoni mwa wazalishaji wakubwa wa shaba duniani, na eneo la Copperbelt bado ni kitovu cha shughuli za viwanda na ajira. Uchumi huathiriwa na mabadiliko ya bei za bidhaa za dunia, hasa katika masoko ya shaba na cobalt. <ref name="WFB_Zambia_Econ"/>
Uchimbaji madini unaendelea kuwa sekta muhimu zaidi ya uchumi, ukichangia sehemu kubwa ya mapato ya [[mauzo ya nje]] na fedha za kigeni. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_Economy"/> Mbali na [[shaba]], Zambia huzalisha cobalt, zumaridi, dhahabu na madini mengine. Sekta ya madini huvutia uwekezaji wa kigeni na kusaidia sekta zinazohusiana kama usafirishaji, nishati na [[viwanda]]. Hata hivyo, utegemezi wa madini huifanya nchi kuwa hatarini kwa mishtuko ya nje kama mabadiliko ya bei na mahitaji ya kimataifa. <ref name="WFB_Zambia_Econ"/>
[[Kilimo]] pia ni sekta muhimu inayowaajiri watu wengi, hasa vijijini. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_Economy"/> Mazao makuu ya kilimo ni pamoja na mahindi, tumbaku, miwa, pamba na muhogo, pamoja na ufugaji wa mifugo. <ref name="WFB_Zambia_Econ"/> Licha ya umuhimu wake katika usalama wa chakula na ajira, kilimo nchini Zambia kinakabiliwa na changamoto kama utegemezi wa mvua, ukosefu wa miundombinu ya umwagiliaji, na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Serikali imeweka mkazo katika kuendeleza mseto wa kilimo ili kupunguza utegemezi wa mapato ya madini.
Sekta ya [[huduma]] imeendelea kukua katika miaka ya hivi karibuni na inajumuisha benki, mawasiliano, biashara ya rejareja na utalii. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_Economy"/> [[Utalii]] unachangia uchumi kupitia vivutio kama [[Maporomoko ya Victoria]], mbuga za wanyama na hifadhi za asili, ambazo zinaendeleza utalii wa mazingira na sekta ya hoteli. Zambia pia inashiriki biashara ya kikanda na kimataifa kupitia mashirika kama [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo ya Kusini mwa Afrika]] (SADC) na Soko la Pamoja la Afrika Mashariki na Kusini (COMESA), ambazo hurahisisha upatikanaji wa masoko na ushirikiano wa kiuchumi.
Licha ya utajiri wa rasilimali, Zambia inakabiliwa na changamoto za kiuchumi kama deni la umma, mfumuko wa bei, ukosefu wa ajira na upungufu wa miundombinu. <ref name="WFB_Zambia_Econ"/> Marekebisho ya kiuchumi yamejikita katika mseto wa uchumi, kuvutia uwekezaji wa kigeni, kuboresha uzalishaji wa nishati na kuimarisha usimamizi wa kifedha. Nishati ya umeme wa maji ina nafasi muhimu katika uzalishaji wa umeme, ingawa sekta hii huathiriwa na ukame na mabadiliko ya viwango vya maji. <ref name="Britannica_Zambia_Economy"/> Kwa ujumla, uchumi wa Zambia unaendelea kukua kwa lengo la kusawazisha utegemezi wa madini na maendeleo mapana ya kiuchumi.
== Tazama pia ==
* [[Miji ya Zambia]]
* [[Mikoa ya Zambia]]
* [[Orodha ya lugha za Zambia]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]]
* [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]]
* [[Demografia ya Afrika]]
== Viungo vya nje ==
*[http://www.zambia.co.zm/ Serikali ya Zambia]
*[http://www.statehouse.gov.zm Tovuti ya Ikulu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.statehouse.gov.zm/ |date=20050619081520 }}
*{{CIA World Factbook link|za|Zambia}}
*[http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx Zambia Corruption Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx |date=20140420184253 }} from the [[Business-Anti-Corruption Portal|Business Anti-Corruption Portal]]
*{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Zambia}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14112449 Zambia profile] from the [[BBC News]]
*{{wikiatlas|Zambia}}
*[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=ZM Key Development Forecasts for Zambia] from [[International Futures]]
*[http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/ZMB/Year/2011/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Zambia]
{{Commons}}
{{Afrika}}
{{African Union}}
{{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:Zambia| ]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]]
[[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Kusini mwa Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Nchi]]
ksjfq3zsea4f7t4ov3mnw60pw2nlzcl
Uholanzi
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{{Jedwali la nchi
|jina_rasmi = Uholanzi
|jina_asili = Nederland ([[Kiholanzi]])
|kauli_mbiu = "Je maintiendrai" ([[Kifaransa]])
("Nitadumisha")
|wimbo_wa_taifa = Wilhelmus ([[Kiholanzi]]) <div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus.ogg]]</div>
|bendera = Flag of the Netherlands.svg
|nembo = Royal Coat of Arms of the Netherlands.svg
|ramani = EU-Netherlands (orthographic projection).png
|maelezo_ya_ramani = <small><i>Eneo la Uholanzi katika Umoja wa Ulaya</i></small>
|mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Amsterdam]]
|lugha_rasmi = [[Kiholanzi]]
|lugha4 = Lugha za Mikoa
{{plainlist|
* [[Kifrisia|Kifrisia cha Magharibi]]
* [[Kipapiamentu]]
* [[Kiingereza]]
}}
|kabila = <span style="font-size:95%">{{plainlist|
*72.0% [[Mzungu|Wazungu]] [[Waholanzi]]
*9.2% [[Wazungu]] wengine
*2.5% [[Uturuki|Waturuki]]
*2.3% [[Moroko|Wamoroko]]
*2.0% [[Indonesia|Waindonesia]]
*2.0% [[Surinam|Wasurinamu]]
*1.1% [[Waafrika]] kutoka [[Karibi]] ya Kiholanzi
*8.9% wengine
}}</span>
|dini =
{{plainlist|
*56% [[Wasio na dini]]
*31% [[Ukristo]] ([[Wakatoliki]] 17%, [[Uprotestanti|Waprotestanti]] 14%)
*6% [[Uislamu]]
*7% Nyingine
}}
|serikali = Ufalme wa kikatiba wa bunge la umoja
|utaifa = Mholanzi
|cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Mfalme]]
|kiongozi1 = [[Willem-Alexander]]
|cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]]
|kiongozi2 = [[Dick Schoof]]
|kiongozi_kichwa3 =
|kiongozi_jina3 =
|kiongozi_kichwa4 =
|kiongozi_jina4 =
|bunge = States General ([[Kiingereza]])
<!-- Ongeza Utakazo -->
|eneo_jumla = 41,865
|eneo_ardhi_km2 =
|eneo_maji_km2 = <!--Dont use commas in value-->
|asilimia_maji = 18.41
|watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 18,270,300
|mwaka_kadirio = 2025
|watu_sensa =16,655,799
|mwaka_sensa = 2011
|orodha_idadi_ya_watu_sensa =
|msongamano = 520
|plt_ppp = {{increase}} $1.460 Trilioni <ref name='auto1'>{{Cite Web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/NLD|title=Netherlands GDP profile|accessdate=2025-01-30}}</ref>
|pato_mwaka= 2024
|orodha_ya_pato_la_taifa_ppp = 9
|plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $81,494 <ref name='auto1'/>
|plt = {{increase}} $1.218 Trilioni <ref name='auto1'/>
|mwaka_wa_pato_la_taifa = 2024
|orodha_ya_pato_la_taifa = 7
|plt_kwa_mtu= {{increase}} $67,984 <ref name='auto1'/>
|hdi = {{increase}} 0.946 <ref>{{Cite Web|url=https://countryeconomy.com/countries/netherlands|title= Netherlands Hdi|accessdate=2025-01-31}}</ref>
|orodha_hdi = 11
|mwaka_maendeleo = 2022
|gini = 38.7
|mwaka_gini = 2022
|tovuti =
|sarafu = [[Euro]] </br> Dola ya Marekani
|majira_saa = TC+01:00 (CET)UTC−04:00 (AST)
|nambari_ya_msimbo = 31 </br> +599
|mtandao = .nl .bq
|udereva= Kulia
|tanbihi=
}}
'''Uholanzi''' (kwa [[Kiholanzi]] ''Nederland'') ni [[nchi]] ya [[Ulaya ya Magharibi]]. Imepakana na [[Ujerumani]] upande wa [[mashariki]], [[Ubelgiji]] upande wa [[kusini]] na [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] (North Sea) upande wa [[magharibi]] na [[kaskazini]].
Uholanzi ni sehemu ya "Ufalme wa Nchi za Chini" (Kingdom of the Netherlands) pamoja na [[kisiwa|visiwa]] vya [[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]] na [[Sint Maarten]], mbali ya visiwa vingine vitatu vya [[Karibi]] vya Uholanzi. [[Lugha rasmi]] ni [[Kiholanzi]], na [[Kifrisia]] cha Magharibi kama lugha rasmi ya pili katika jimbo la [[Friesland]]. Ikiwa na watu takriban milioni 18.4 ni nchi ya 69 kubwa kwa idadi ya watu duniani.
Jina la Uholanzi limetokana na “Holland”, eneo la magharibi la nchi hii. Watu wengi hutumia jina hilo, lakini wakazi wenyewe wanaiita nchi yao “Nederland” inayomaanisha "nchi ya chini". Kwa kweli, sehemu kubwa ya Uholanzi iko chini ya [[usawa wa bahari]]. Waholanzi wamejenga ma[[boma]] kuzuia [[maji]] yasienee yakifurika.
== Jiografia ==
<div style="float:right;width:260px;">
</div>
Akifika Uholanzi kwa [[uwanja wa ndege]] wa [[Schiphol]], [[msafiri]] anastaajabu nchi ilivyo [[tambarare]]. Kwa kweli, kuna sehemu zenye vilima, lakini sehemu kubwa zaidi ya Uholanzi ni tambarare.
Mahali pa juu kabisa nchini ni [[Kilima cha Vaals]], upande wa kusini wa [[mkoa wa Limburg]], kwa 322 m. Mahali pa chini kabisa ni karibu na [[Nieuwerkerk aan de IJssel]], [[mkoa wa Zuid Holland]], kwa -6.76 m ([[mita]] 6.76 chini ya usawa wa wastani wa bahari).
Vipande vikubwa vya nchi vimepatikana kutoka [[ziwa]] au [[bahari]]. Ili kufanya hivyo boma linajengwa kuzunguka ziwa au sehemu ya bahari, kisha maji yanavutwa kwa [[bomba]]. Mahali kati ya boma huitwa “[[polder]]”. Mkoa mmoja mzima, [[Flevoland]], umepatwa kwa maji ya “[[Zuiderzee]]” (Bahari ya Kusini). Kwa sababu hiyo watu husema: “[[Mungu]] aliumba [[dunia]] lakini Waholanzi waliumba Uholanzi.” Hata sasa sehemu muhimu ya Uholanzi ni maji: 18%.
[[Picha:Deltawerke-Oosterschelde-Sturmflutwehr Straße.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Boma la Oosterschelde likiwa na malango na barabara]]
Maboma mengine makubwa yamejengwa upande wa kusini magharibi wa nchi ili ya kuzuia maji yasienee mikoa ya [[Zeeland]] na Zuid Holland. Mradi huu huitwa “Deltawerken” au Ujenzi wa Delta. “Oosterscheldekering” au boma la mto wa Oosterschelde ni jengo linaloshangaza. Urefu wake ni 9 km na katikati yake kuna malango makubwa 62 ambayo hujifunga wenyewe kila wakati ambapo maji ya bahari yakifura zaidi ya 3 m. [[Barabara]] kuu inapitia juu ya boma hili.
=== Mito ===
Mito mikubwa kadhaa inaingia Uholanzi na kutiririka katika Bahari ya Kaskazini. Mto Rijn ([[Mto Rhine]]) unaingia kwa [[Tolkamer]] upande wa mashiriki, na karibu na [[Nijmegen]] [[Mto Waal]] unajitenga ambao unachukua 70% ya maji. Mto IJssel unajitenga karibu na [[Westervoort]] na kwenda upande wa kaskazini. [[Mto Maas]] (Mto Meuse) unaingia Uholanzi upande wa kusini wa Limburg, na karibu na [[Mook]] unageuka upande wa magharibi. [[Mto Schelde]] unaingia upande wa kusini wa Zeeland.
=== Mikoa ===
[[Picha:Map provinces Netherlands-en.svg|thumb|300px|Ramani ya Uholanzi. Nukta nyekundu zinaonyesha miji mikuu ya mikoa na nukta nyeusi zinaonyesha miji mikubwa mingine.]]
Uholanzi umegawanyika katika mikoa 12. Kila mkoa unatawaliwa na [[gavana]] ambaye huitwa “Commissaris van de Koningin” isipokuwa yule wa Limburg ambaye huitwa “Gouverneur”. Mikoa na miji mikuu yao ni :
{| border=1 align=left cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
! Mkoa !! Mji mkuu
|-
| [[Mkoa wa Groningen|Groningen]] || [[Groningen]]
|-
| [[Friesland]] || [[Leeuwarden]]
|-
| [[Drenthe]] || [[Assen]]
|-
| [[Overijssel]] || [[Zwolle]]
|-
| [[Gelderland]] || [[Arnhem]]
|-
| [[Mkoa wa Utrecht|Utrecht]] || [[Utrecht]]
|-
| [[Flevoland]] || [[Lelystad]]
|-
| [[Noord-Holland]] || [[Haarlem]]
|-
| [[Zuid-Holland]] || [[Den Haag]] (The Hague)
|-
| [[Zeeland]] || [[Middelburg]]
|-
| [[Noord-Brabant]] || [[’s-Hertogenbosch]] (Den Bosch)
|-
| [[Limburg, Uholanzi|Limburg]] || [[Maastricht]]
|}
<br clear="all"/>
[[Picha:Satellite image of the Netherlands in May 2000.jpg|thumb|250px|Picha ya Uholanzi iliyopigwa kutoka satellite]]
=== Miji mikubwa ===
{| border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
! Mji !! Wakazi
|-
| Amsterdam || 742,011
|-
| Rotterdam || 600,000
|-
| Den Haag || 476,000
|-
| Utrecht || 281,569
|-
| Eindhoven || 209,399
|}
=== Trafiki ===
Katika Uholanzi [[barabara]] daima zina [[msongamano]] wa ma[[gari]]. Hii ni kwa sababu watu wanakwenda kazini [[asubuhi]] hadi kurejea [[jioni]], na wanaoishi Uholanzi ni wengi, na kufanya [[kazi]] nyingi sana.
==Historia==
Kisha kutekwa na [[Julius Caesar]] katika [[karne ya 1 KK]], [[kusini]] mwa nchi ikawa mpaka wa [[kaskazini]] wa [[Dola la Roma]] hadi lilipokoma ([[karne ya 5]]).
Baadaye nchi ilivamiwa na [[kabila|makabila]] mbalimbali ya [[Wagermanik]]: [[Wasaksoni]], [[Wabatavi]], [[Wafrisi]] na [[Wafaranki]].
Katika [[karne ya 8]] nchi ilikuwa sehemu ya [[dola]] la [[Karolo Mkuu]], na katika [[karne ya 10]] ya [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]].
Baadaye mfumo wa [[ukabaila]] ulitawala nchi sehemu sehemu.
Katika [[karne ya 16]] nchi ilikuwa chini ya [[familia]] ya [[Kaizari|makaisari]] (Absburg), lakini ilipokea Matengezo ya Kiprotestanti kinyume cha matakwa ya kaisari [[Karolo V]].
[[Mwana|Mwanae]] [[Filipo II wa Hispania]] alipomrithi hakukubali jambo hilo na kusababisha uasi ulioenea kote ([[1566]]-[[1581]]) hadi wilaya saba zilipounda [[jamhuri]] iliyotambuliwa na [[Hispania]] [[mwaka]] [[1648]] tu, katika [[amani ya Westfalia]].
[[Karne ya 17]] ndipo nchi ilipofikia kilele cha [[ustawi]] wake, ikiwa na [[Koloni|makoloni]] mengi huko [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Afrika]] na [[Amerika]], pamoja na [[biashara]] kubwa ya kimataifa [[duniani]] kote.
Karne iliyofuata Uingereza ulishika nafasi hiyo ya Uholanzi.
Baada ya [[mapinduzi ya Kifaransa]] ([[1789]]) nchi ilitekwa na [[Wafaransa]] hadi [[Amani ya Vienna]] ([[1814]]-[[1815]]) iliyopanua Uholanzi huru tena, lakini kwa mfumo wa [[ufalme]].
Hata hivyo mwaka [[1830]] [[Ubelgiji]] ulijitenga na mwaka [[1890]] [[Luxemburg]] ilifanya vilevile.
Uholanzi haukutaka kushiriki [[Vita vikuu vya kwanza]] vya dunia, lakini katika [[vita vikuu vya pili]] ulivamiwa na [[Ujerumani]] ([[1940]]-[[1945]]).
Baadaye Uholanzi umejitahidi sana kushiriki katika mahusiano ya kimataifa na ni kati ya nchi waanzilishi wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]].
==Demografia==
Mnamo 2023, Uholanzi ina takriban watu milioni 17.9, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya nchi zenye msongamano mkubwa zaidi wa watu duniani. Takwimu za idadi ya watu zinadhibitiwa na taasisi ya kitaifa ya takwimu,( Statistics Netherlands (CBS)).<ref>{{Cite Web|title=Demografia za Uholanzi|author=CBS|url=https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/visualisations/dashboard-population
|accessdate=2025-02-24|lang=en}}</ref>
===Muhtasari===
*'''Jumla ya Idadi ya Watu''' (2025): 18,425,700
** Wanawake : 8.8 Milioni
** Wanaume : 8.7 Milioni
*'''Kiwango cha Ukuaji wa Watu''' (2022): 0.6%
*'''Kiwango cha Kuzaliwa''' (2022): Wazaliwa 9.6 kwa kila watu 1,000
*'''Kiwango cha Vifo''' (2022): Vifo 9.1 kwa kila watu 1,000
*'''Umri wa Kuishi (2023)''': Miaka 81.7
**''Wanaume'': Miaka 79.8
**''Wanawake'': Miaka 83.9
*'''Kiwango cha Uzazi''' (2022): Watoto 1.49 kwa kila mwanamke
*'''Umri wa Kati (2023)''': Miaka 42.3
Uholanzi ni mojawapo ya nchi zilizoendelea zaidi mijini barani Ulaya, ambapo zaidi ya 92% ya watu wake wanaishi mijini. Ukuaji wa idadi ya watu umekuwa endelevu, hasa kutokana na uhamiaji na kuongezeka kwa umri wa kuishi, licha ya kiwango cha uzazi kuwa chini ya kiwango kinachohitajika kwa kizazi kujirejesha.
===Msongamano===
Uholanzi ni mojawapo ya nchi zilizo na msongamano mkubwa zaidi barani Ulaya, ikiwa na wastani wa watu 523 kwa kila kilomita ya mraba (2023). Wakazi wengi wanaishi katika Randstad, eneo la miji mikuu linalojumuisha Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, na Utrecht, ambalo lina takriban watu milioni 8.5 (karibu 50% ya idadi ya watu wote).
Mikoa Yenye Idadi Kubwa ya Watu (2023):
*1. '''Uholanzi kusini''' (Zuid-Holland): Milioni 3.8
*2. '''Uholanzi Kazkazini''' (Noord-Holland): Milioni 2.9
*3. '''Brabant Kazkazini''' (Noord-Brabant): Milioni 2.6
*4. '''Gelderland:''' Milioni 2.1
*5. '''Utrecht''': Milioni 1.4
Mkoa wenye idadi ndogo zaidi ya watu ni Zeeland, wenye takriban wakazi 390,000.
=== Makabila===
Uholanzi ina mchanganyiko mkubwa wa makabila, ulioathiriwa na historia yake ya ukoloni na uhamiaji wa baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Kabila (Makadirio ya 2023)
! Kabila/Makundi ya Kikabila !! Idadi (makadirio) !! Asilimia
|-
| Waholanzi wa asili || 13.3M || 74.6%
|-
| Wahamiaji wasio wa Magharibi || 2.6M || 14.4%
|-
| Wamoroko || 426K || -
|-
| Waturuki || 416K || -
|-
| Wasurinamu || 349K || -
|-
| Waholanzi wa Karibiani (Antili & Aruba) || 172K|| -
|-
| Wahamiaji wa Magharibi || 2.0M || 11.0%
|-
| Wajerumani || 359K || -
|-
| Wapolandi || 260K || -
|-
| Wabelgiji || 12K || -
|-
| Waindonesia (kizazi cha uhamiaji wa enzi ya ukoloni) || 77K || -
|}
Waholanzi wengi wenye asili ya kigeni wanatoka Uturuki, Moroko, Surinam, na Indonesia, huku wahamiaji wapya wakitokea Ulaya Mashariki, hasa Polandi na Romania. Amsterdam na The Hague zina idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji na wakazi wa kimataifa kutokana na uwepo wa mashirika ya kimataifa.
===Miji Mikubwa ===
Uholanzi ni nchi ya mijini, ambapo watu wengi wanaishi katika maeneo ya miji mikubwa.
Miji Mikubwa kwa Idadi ya Watu (2023):
*1. [[Amsterdam]]: 921,000
*2. [[Rotterdam]]: 664,000
*3. '''The Hague''' (Den Haag): 562,000
*4. [[Utrecht]]: 361,000
*5. [[Eindhoven]]: 245,000
===Muundo wa Umri ===
Idadi ya wazee inazidi kuongezeka, na sehemu kubwa ya watu wanazidi kuwa na umri mkubwa.
* '''Chini ya 20''' : 21%
*'''20 - 40''' : 26%
*'''40-65''' : 33%
*'''65-80''' : 15%
*'''80+''' : 5%
Kufikia mwaka 2050, inakadiriwa kuwa 26% ya idadi ya watu watakuwa na umri wa miaka 65 au zaidi, jambo linaloongeza mahitaji ya huduma za afya na pensheni.
===Uhamiaji ===
Uholanzi imekuwa nchi inayovutia wahamiaji, hasa kutoka kwa koloni zake za zamani na Umoja wa Ulaya.
*Uhamiaji Halisi (2022): +224,000
*Wahamiaji Walioingia (2022): 403,000
*Wahamiaji Waliohama (2022): 179,000
Vyanzo Vikuu vya Uhamiaji:
*1. Nchi za EU (Poland, Romania, Ujerumani, Ubelgiji)
*2. Koloni za zamani za Uholanzi (Surinam, Indonesia, Karibiani ya Uholanzi)
*3. Mashariki ya Kati na Afrika Kaskazini (Syria, Uturuki, Moroko)
*4. Asia (India, China, Ufilipino)
Mwaka 2022, Uholanzi ilishuhudia viwango vya juu vya uhamiaji kutokana na wakimbizi wa Ukraini, wahamiaji wa kazi, na wanafunzi wa kimataifa.
===Dini===
[[File:Basilica of St. Nicholas as seen from one of canals in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Northern Europe.jpg|thumb|250px|St Nicholas Basilica, Amsterdam]]
Dini imepungua sana katika karne iliyopita, huku idadi ya watu wasio na dini ikiongezeka.
Ufuasi wa Kidini (Makadirio ya 2024):
*[[Ukristo]] (Jumla): 31%
*[[Katoliki]]: 17%
*[[Protestanti]] (PKN & Kiinjili): 14%
*[[Uislamu]]: 6% (~milioni 1)
*[[Uhindu]]: 1.0% (~170,000)
*[[Ubuddha]]: 0.5% (~80,000)
*[[Uyahudi]]: 0.1% (~30,000)
*[[Wasio na dini]]: 56%
Uholanzi ni moja ya nchi zenye watu wengi wasio na dini barani Ulaya, lakini dini bado ina ushawishi katika maeneo kama Brabant (Katoliki) na "Bible Belt" (Protestanti).
==Tazama pia==
* [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]]
== Viungo vya nje ==
=== Historia, jiografia na siasa ===
* [http://overheid.nl/guest/sites/ Overheid.nl] {{Wayback|url=http://overheid.nl/guest/sites/ |date=20060426105014 }} - Lango rasmi la serikali ya Uholanzi
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110309061617/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1104447749&men=gmap&lng=en&gln=xx&dat=32&geo=-160&srt=npan&col=aohdq Ramani na takwimu]
* [http://www.statoids.com/unl.html Mikoa ya Uholanzi]
* [http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/cijfers/default.htm CBS] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/cijfers/default.htm |date=20160330214048 }} - Takwimu rasmi
* [http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572410/Netherlands.html Makala ya Encarta kuhusu Uholanzi] {{Wayback|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572410/Netherlands.html |date=20060616203417 }}
* [http://www.government.nl Government.nl] - Tovuti rasmi ya serikali ya Uholanzi
* [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/nl.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Netherlands] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/nl.html |date=20070509021408 }}
* Habari za Uholanzi: [http://www.rnw.nl/ Radio Netherlands] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rnw.nl/ |date=20100429023739 }} - Redio ya Uholanzi kwa lugha ya Kiingereza
=== Kusafiri ===
* {{wikivoyage|Netherlands}}
* [http://www.world66.com/europe/netherlands World66's guide to the Netherlands] {{Wayback|url=http://www.world66.com/europe/netherlands |date=20060513002849 }} - Kiongozi cha kusafiri kinachoandikwa na watumiaji.
* [http://www.traveldir.org/netherlands/ Kiongozi cha kusafiri katika Uholanzi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.traveldir.org/netherlands/ |date=20060615195146 }}
* [http://www.travel2netherlands.com Picha za Uholanzi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.travel2netherlands.com/ |date=20161028110151 }}
* [http://www.justlanded.com/english/netherlands/ Just Landed Netherlands] {{Wayback|url=http://www.justlanded.com/english/netherlands/ |date=20060513200440 }} - Habari za manufaa kwa kuhamia Uholanzi
=== Viungo anuwai ===
* [http://www.deltaworks.org Ujenzi wa Delta kwa mtandao] {{Wayback|url=http://www.deltaworks.org/ |date=20200816144312 }}
* [http://gallery.funonthenet.in/Places/Holland-Keukenhof-Gardens/ Keukenhof Bustani za Maua] {{Wayback|url=http://gallery.funonthenet.in/Places/Holland-Keukenhof-Gardens/ |date=20060504010137 }} - Picha nzuri mno za bustani za maua katika Uholanzi.
* [http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/index.jsp Familia ya kifalme ya Uholanzi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/index.jsp |date=20100202034339 }}
* [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Dutch Kiholanzi kwa wasemao Kiingereza]
* [http://www.skyscrapercity.info/200.php?id=4&country=NL&limit=0 Orodha ya majengo marefu 1500 katika Uholanzi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.skyscrapercity.info/200.php?id=4&country=NL&limit=0 |date=20060508022418 }}
{{Umoja wa Ulaya}}
{{Ulaya}}
{{Mbegu-jio-Ulaya}}
[[Jamii:Uholanzi|*]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]]
[[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]]
[[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]]
[[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]]
[[Jamii:Nchi]]
qiy738ulwfpyskhwy33k3n04xwrzgtt
Ziwa Viktoria
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{{Ziwa | jina = Ziwa la Viktoria Nyanza
| picha = Lake_Victoria.png
| maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa Viktoria Nyanza jinsi linavyoonekana kutoka [[anga|angani]]
| mahali = [[Afrika ya Mashariki]]
| nchi = [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]] na [[Kenya]]
| eneo = 68,100 km²
| kina = 81 m
| mito inayoingia = [[Kagera (mto)|Kagera]], [[mto Katonga]], [[mto Nzoia]] n.k.
| mito inayotoka = [[Nile]]
| kimo = 1,134 m
| miji = [[Kampala]], [[Kisumu]], [[Mwanza]]
}}
[[Picha:Rift.svg|240px|thumb|right|Ziwa Viktoria na [[Bonde la Ufa la Afrika Mashariki]].]]
[[Picha:Density evolution Victoria.png|250px|thumb|left|Ongezeko la [[msongamano wa watu]] kandokando ya Ziwa Victoria.]]
[[Picha:Image-Languages-Lakevictoria-fr.svg|220px|left|thumb|[[Lugha]] kandokando ya Ziwa Victoria.]]
[[Picha:Hydrography-graph-Lake Victoria.svg|thumb|right|250px|Tofauti ya levo katika Ziwa Victoria.]]
[[Picha:Human density Lake Victoria.png|225px|right|Ongezeko la msongamano wa watu kandokando ya Ziwa Victoria likilinganishwa na lile la Afrika nzima.]]
'''Ziwa Viktoria''' (pia: '''Ziwa Nyanza''' au '''Ziwa Ukerewe''') ni [[ziwa]] kubwa la [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] lililopo baina ya [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]]. Eneo la [[maji]] ya ziwa limegawanywa 49[[%]] (km<sup>2</sup> 33,700) nchini Tanzania, 45% (km<sup>2</sup> 31,000) nchini Uganda, na 6% (km<sup>2</sup> 4,100) nchini Kenya.
Ziwa Viktoria lipo [[mita]] 1134 [[juu ya usawa wa bahari]] na lina eneo la [[kilometa za mraba]] zaidi ya 68,100. Hivyo ni ziwa kubwa kuliko yote [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]], na la pili [[duniani]] kwa uso wa maji baridi, baada ya [[Ziwa Superior]] ambalo lipo [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]].
Ziwa hili linapata [[maji]] yake mengi kutokana na [[mvua]] (80[[%]]) na kutoka vijito vingi vidogo. [[Mto]] mkubwa unaoingia Viktoria ni [[Mto Kagera]] unaotiririka kutoka [[magharibi]].
[[Maji]] ya ziwa Viktoria yanatoka na kumiminika kwenye [[mto]] [[Nile]] na kuelekea [[bahari ya Mediteranea]] kwa [[umbali]] wa [[maili]] 4,000.
Ziwa hilo lina [[kina]] cha [[wastani]] cha [[mita]] 40 na [[mwambao]] wa [[urefu]] wa kilomita 4,828, visiwa vyake vikiwa vimechangia 3.7% ya urefu huu.
Ziwa hilo liliwahi kukauka kabisa mara kadhaa tangu lilipoanza miaka 400,000 iliyopita.
==Majina==
Ingawa lilikuwa na majina mengi ya lugha za kienyeji (Kiswahili: Ukerewe; Kidholuo: NamLolwe; Kiganda: 'Nnalubaale; Kinyarwanda: Nyanza)<ref>{{Citation|title=The Victoria Nyanza. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects|date=1899|url=https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/|language=en|access-date=2026-06-14|archive-date=2016-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529091640/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lake Ukerewe|url=https://ntz.info/gen/n01545.html|work=ntz.info|accessdate=2026-06-15}}</ref>, ziwa hili lilipewa jina la Malkia Viktoria na mgunduzi [[John Hanning Speke,]] Muingereza wa kwanza kuliandika mnamo mwaka 1858, akiwa kwenye msafara na [[Richard Francis Burton]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Alberge|first=Dalya|title=How feud wrecked the reputation of explorer who discovered Nile's source|date=2011-09-10|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/sep/11/burton-speke-african-exploration-nile|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/whitenile0000moor|title=The White Nile|last=Moorehead|first=Alan|date=1960|publisher=New York : Harper|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>
== Jiolojia==
[[File:Lake Victoria View.jpg|thumb|Muonekano wa Ziwa Viktoria kutokea Mwanza, Tanzania]]
Ziwa Viktoria lina [[historia]] ya pekee ya [[Jiolojia|kijiolojia]]. Tofauti na maziwa mengi ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] kama [[ziwa Tanganyika]] na [[ziwa Malawi]], ambayo yalitokana na [[ufa]] mkubwa wa [[Bonde Kuu la Ufa]] la [[Afrika ya Mashariki]], Ziwa Viktoria halikuundwa moja kwa moja na harakati za [[gandunia]]. Badala yake, lilichukua [[umbo]] lake kutokana na mchakato wa mwinuko wa ardhi na mifumo ya mto iliyozuiwa au kuelekezwa upya kutokana na mabadiliko ya [[Jiografia|kijiografia]], hususan katika kipindi cha [[Pleistocene]]. Sehemu ya [[bonde]] la ziwa iliundwa na mvutano wa [[Mwamba (jiolojia)|miamba]] ya kale ya ''Precambria'', huku mwinuko wa ardhi katika maeneo ya kusini mwa Uganda na kaskazini mwa Tanzania ukisababisha maji kujikusanya na kuunda ziwa la ndani.
Ziwa hili linaenea katika ngao ya ''Afrika ya Precambria'', ambayo ina miamba ya kale sana inayokadiriwa kuwa na [[umri]] wa zaidi ya miaka [[bilioni]] 2.7. Miamba ya [[gneiss]], [[itale]] na [[shist]] huunda msingi wa kijiolojia wa eneo hili, na kuathiri sifa za ardhi ya bonde la ziwa. Ingawa ziwa Viktoria si sehemu ya moja kwa moja ya ufa wa tektoniki, linaathiriwa kwa karibu na mikondo ya tektoniki kutoka Bonde Kuu la Ufa, ambalo liko karibu sana upande wa magharibi na mashariki mwa ziwa. Harakati hizi husababisha mikondo midogo ya miamba na [[Tetemeko la ardhi|vitetemeko vya ardhi]] katika eneo la ziwa, lakini si kwa kiwango kikubwa kama katika maziwa ya Tanganyika au Malawi.
Katika [[historia]] ya hivi karibuni ya kijiolojia, ziwa Viktoria limepitia mabadiliko makubwa ya [[mazingira|kimazingira]], ikiwa ni pamoja na kukauka kabisa takriban miaka 14,600 iliyopita kutokana na mabadiliko ya [[hali ya hewa]], na kujaza tena ndani ya kipindi cha maelfu machache ya miaka. Tukio hili linaakisi unyeti wa mfumo wa ziwa kwa mabadiliko ya kijiografia na hali ya hewa. Uwepo wa mito mingi inayoingia na kutoka ziwani, kama vile Mto Kagera na Mto Nile Nyeupe, unaendelea kuchangia katika mzunguko wa kijiolojia na maji wa ziwa hilo. Kwa sasa, ziwa Viktoria ni sehemu muhimu ya [[ekolojia]], [[uchumi]], na mabadiliko ya kijiolojia yanayoendelea katika eneo la Afrika ya Mashariki.
==Hidrolojia na Limnolojia==
Ziwa Viktoria hupokea asilimia 80 ya maji yake kutokana na mvua ya moja kwa moja.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/tropicalinlandfi0000hick|title=Tropical inland fisheries|last=Hickling|first=Charles Frederick|date=1961|publisher=[London] Longmans|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Wastani wa uvukizi kwenye ziwa ni kati ya mita 2.0 na 2.2 (6 ft 7 in na 7 ft 3 in) kwa mwaka, karibu mara mbili ya mvua ya maeneo ya pembezoni.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=WgamvCA98usC&pg=PA220&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Studies in East African Geography and Development|last=Ominde|first=S. H.|last2=Ominde|first2=Simeon Hongo|date=1971-01-01|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02073-3|language=en}}</ref> Ziwa Viktoria hupokea maji yake ya ziada kutoka mito, na maelfu ya vijito vidogo. Mto Kagera ndio mto mkubwa unaopita katika ziwa hilo, mdomo wake ukiwa kwenye ufukwe wake wa magharibi. Ziwa Viktoria hutiwa maji na Mto Nile karibu na [[Jinja]], Uganda, kwenye ufuo wa kaskazini wa ziwa hilo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA291|title=Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa|last=Bossche|first=J.-P. vanden|last2=Bernacsek|first2=G. M.|last3=Nations|first3=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United|date=1990|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-102983-1|language=en}}</ref>
==Visiwa vya Ziwa Viktoria==
Ziwa Viktoria ni miongoni mwa maziwa yenye [[visiwa]] vingi (takribani 985); [[Ukerewe]] ndicho kisiwa kikubwa cha ziwani kuliko vyote [[bara|barani]] Afrika.
===Upande wa Kenya===
[[Kisiwa cha Bihiri|Bihiri]] * [[Visiwa vya Chamarungo|Chamarungo]] * [[Visiwa vya Daraja|Daraja]] * [[Kisiwa cha Gengra|Gengra]] * [[Kisiwa cha Hongwe|Hongwe]] * [[Kisiwa cha Ilemba|Ilemba]] * [[Kisiwa cha Kijani|Kijani]] * [[Kisiwa cha Kimaboni|Kimaboni]] * [[Kisiwa cha Kiringiti|Kiringiti]] * [[Kisiwa cha Kiwa|Kiwa]] * [[Kisiwa cha Koyamo|Koyamo]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mageta|Mageta]] * [[Visiwa vya Magogo|Magogo]] * [[Kisiwa cha Maiunya|Maiunya]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mbaiyu|Mbaiyu]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mbasa|Mbasa]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mfangano|Mfangano]] * [[Kisiwa cha Migingo|Migingo]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mlinzi|Mlinzi]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mogare|Mogare]] * [[Visiwa vya Mogare]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mzenzi|Mzenzi]] * [[Kisiwa cha Namulamia|Namulamia]] * [[Kisiwa cha Ndede|Ndede]] * [[Kisiwa cha Ngodhe|Ngodhe]] * [[Kisiwa cha Piramidi|Piramidi]] * [[Kisiwa cha Risi|Risi]] * [[Kisiwa cha Rusinga|Rusinga]] * [[Kisiwa cha Saga|Saga]] * [[Kisiwa cha Seki|Seki]] * [[Kisiwa cha Sifu|Sifu]] * [[Kisiwa cha Sirigombe|Sirigombe]] * [[Kisiwa cha Sukuru|Sukuru]] * [[Kisiwa cha Sumba|Sumba]] * [[Kisiwa cha Takawiri|Takawiri]] * [[Visiwa vya Ugingo]] * [[Kisiwa cha Unyama|Unyama]] * [[Kisiwa cha Usingo|Usingo]] * [[Kisiwa cha Uware|Uware]] * [[Kisiwa cha Wahondo|Wahondo]] * [[Kisiwa cha Wayaga|Wayaga]] * [[Kisiwa cha Yalombo|Yalombo]] * [[Kisiwa cha Yamburi|Yamburi]]
===Upande wa Tanzania===
[[kisiwa cha Anchor (Tanzania)|Anchor]] *[[Kisiwa cha Barega|Barega]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bezi|Bezi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bihila|Bihila]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bisuvi|Bisuvi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Biswe|Biswe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Buganbwe|Buganbwe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bugeru|Bugeru]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bukerebe|Bukerebe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bukurani|Bukurani]] *[[Kisiwa cha Buluza|Buluza]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bumbire|Bumbire]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bunyasa|Bunyasa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Burubi|Burubi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Busonyi|Busonyi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Busyengere|Busyengere]] *[[Kisiwa cha Butwa|Butwa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Buzumu|Buzumu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Bwiru|Bwiru]] *[[Kisiwa cha Chakazimbe|Chakazimbe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Charaki|Charaki]] *[[Kisiwa cha Chienda|Chienda]] *[[Kisiwa cha Chihara|Chihara]] *[[Kisiwa cha Chikonero|Chikonero]] *[[Kisiwa cha Chinyeri|Chinyeri]] *[[Kisiwa cha Chitandere (Sengerema)|Chitandere (Sengerema)]] *[[Kisiwa cha Chitandere (Ukerewe)|Chitandere (Ukerewe)]] *[[Kisiwa cha Dunacheri|Dunacheri]] *[[Kisiwa cha Dwiga|Dwiga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Gabalema|Gabalema]] *[[Kisiwa cha Galinzira (Kagera)|Galinzira (Kagera)]] *[[Kisiwa cha Galinzira (Ukerewe)|Galinzira (Ukerewe)]] *[[Kisiwa cha Gama|Gama]] *[[Kisiwa cha Gana|Gana]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ijinga|Ijinga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ijirambo|Ijirambo]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ikuru|Ikuru]] *[[Ikuza]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ilangala|Ilangala]] *[[Kisiwa cha Iramba (Tanzania)|Iramba (Tanzania)]] *[[Kisiwa cha Iriga|Iriga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Iroba|Iroba]] *[[Kisiwa cha Irugwa|Irugwa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Iruma|Iruma]] *[[Kisiwa cha Itami|Itami]] *[[Kisiwa cha Itemusi|Itemusi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ito|Ito]] *[[Kisiwa cha Izinga|Izinga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Juguu|Juguu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Juma|Juma]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kagongo|Kagongo]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kamasi|Kamasi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kaserazi|Kaserazi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kasima|Kasima]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kategurwa|Kategurwa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kiamugasire|Kiamugasire]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kiau|Kiau]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kibinda|Kibinda]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kihombe|Kihombe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kinagomwishu|Kinamogwishu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kinyanwana|Kinyanwana]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kiregi (Ukerewe)|Kiregi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kireta|Kireta]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kishaka|Kishaka]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kitua|Kitua]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kivumba|Kivumba]] *[[Kisiwa cha Komasi|Komasi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kome|Kome]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kulazu|Kulazu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kunene|Kunene]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kuriro|Kuriro]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kweru|Kweru]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kweru Mutu|Kweru Mutu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kwigari|Kwigari]] *[[Kisiwa cha Kwilela|Kwilela]] *[[Kisiwa cha Liagoba|Liagoba]] *[[Kisiwa cha Liegoba|Liegoba]] *[[Kisiwa cha Lyegoba|Lyegoba]] *[[Kisiwa cha Luanji|Luanji]] *[[Kisiwa cha Luhuguru|Luhuguru]] *[[Kisiwa cha Lukando|Lukando]] *[[Kisiwa cha Lukuba|Lukuba]] *[[Kisiwa cha Luwaima|Luwaima]] *[[Kisiwa cha Lyamwenge|Lyamwenge]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mabibi|Mabibi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mafunke|Mafunke]] *[[Kisiwa cha Maisome|Maisome]] *[[Kisiwa cha Majeje|Majeje]] *[[Kisiwa cha Majunwa|Majunwa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Makibwa|Makibwa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Makome|Makome]] *[[Kisiwa cha Makove|Makove]] *[[Kisiwa cha Malelema|Malelema]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mambe|Mambe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Maremera|Maremera]] *[[Kisiwa cha Masakara|Masakara]] *[[Kisiwa cha Masheka|Masheka]] *[[Kisiwa cha Masuha|Masuha]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mashwera|Mashwera]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mazinga|Mazinga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mgonchi|Mgonchi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Miandere|Funguvisiwa la Miandere]] *[[Kisiwa cha Miganiko|Miganiko]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mijo|Mijo]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mkuru Kinagi|Mkuru Kinagi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Morova|Morova]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mraoba|Mraoba]] *[[Kisiwa cha Msalala|Msalala]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mtenga|Mtenga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mtoa|Mtoa]] * [[Kisiwa cha Mtoto|Mtoto]] *[[Kisiwa cha Musira|Musira]] *[[Kisiwa cha Mwengwa|Mwengwa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nabuyongo|Nabuyongo]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nafuba|Nafuba]] * [[Kisiwa cha Nakaranga|Nakaranga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Namatembe|Namatembe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Namguma|Namguma]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ndarua|Ndarua]] *[[Kisiwa cha Niankuru|Niankuru]] *[[Kisiwa cha Njaburu|Njaburu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyabugudzi|Nyabugudzi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyaburu|Nyaburu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyajune|Nyajune]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyakanyanse|Nyakanyanse]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyakasanga|Nyakasanga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyamasangi|Nyamasangi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyamatala|Nyamatala]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyambugu|Nyambugu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyamikongo|Nyamikongo]] *[[Kisiwa cha Nyanswi|Nyanswi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Raju|Raju]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ramawe|Ramawe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Rubisi|Rubisi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Rubisho|Rubisho]] *[[Kisiwa cha Rubondo|Rubondo]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ruiga|Ruiga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Runeke|Runeke]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ruregaja|Ruregaja]] *[[Kisiwa cha Rwevaguzi|Rwevaguzi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Saanane|Saanane]] *[[Kisiwa cha Sara|Sara]] *[[Kisiwa cha Sata|Sata]] *[[Kisiwa cha Seza|Seza]] *[[Kisiwa cha Shuka|Shuka]] *[[Kisiwa cha Siawangi|Siawangi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Sina|Sina]] *[[Kisiwa cha Siza|Siza]] *[[Kisiwa cha Sizu|Sizu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Songe|Songe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Sosswa|Sosswa]] *[[Kisiwa cha Sozihe|Sozihe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Tefu|Tefu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ukara|Ukara]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ukerewe|Ukerewe]] *[[Kisiwa cha Usengere|Usengere]] *[[Kisiwa cha Usumuti|Usumuti]] *[[Kisiwa cha Vesi|Funguvisiwa la Vesi]] *[[Kisiwa cha Vianza|Vianza]] *[[Kisiwa cha Wambuji|Wambuji]] *[[Kisiwa cha Yarugu|Yarugu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Yodzu|Yodzu]] *[[Kisiwa cha Zeru|Zeru]] *[[Kisiwa cha Zimo|Zimo]] *[[Kisiwa cha Zinga|Zinga]] *[[Kisiwa cha Ziragura|Ziragura]] * [[Kisiwa cha Zue|Zue]]
===Upande wa Uganda===
[[Kisiwa cha Baga|Baga]], [[Kisiwa cha Banda (Uganda)|Banda]], [[Kisiwa cha Batwala|Batwala]], [[Kisiwa cha Bu|Bu]], [[Kisiwa cha Bubeke|Bubeke]], [[Kisiwa cha Bubembe|Bubembe]], [[Kisiwa cha Bufumira|Bufumira]], [[Kisiwa cha Bugaba|Bugaba]], [[Kisiwa cha Bugaia|Bugaia]], [[Kisiwa cha Bugala|Bugala]] (lat -0,32, long 32,24), [[Kisiwa cha Bugala|Bugala]] (lat -0,64, long 32,31), [[Kisiwa cha Buiga (Mpigi)|Buiga (Mpigi)]], [[Kisiwa cha Buiga (Wakiso)|Buiga (Wakiso)]], [[Kisiwa cha Bukasa|Bukasa]], [[Kisiwa cha Bukone|Bukone]], [[Kisiwa cha Bukwaya|Bukwaya]], [[Kisiwa cha Bulago|Bulago]][[Kisiwa cha Bulanku|Bulanku]], [[Kisiwa cha Bulingugwe|Bulingugwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Bunjako|Bunjako]], [[Kisiwa cha Bunjazi|Bunjazi]], [[Kisiwa cha Bunyama|Bunyama]], [[Kisiwa cha Bussi|Bussi]], [[Kisiwa cha Busungwe|Busungwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Buturume|Buturume]], [[Kisiwa cha Buvu|Buvu]], [[Kisiwa cha Buvuma|Buvuma]], [[Kisiwa cha Buyange|Buyange]], [[Kisiwa cha Buyovu|Buyovu]], [[Kisiwa cha Buziranjovu|Buziranjovu]], [[Kisiwa cha Buziri|Buziri]], [[Kisiwa cha Bwema|Bwema]], [[Kisiwa cha Bwigi|Bwigi]], [[Kisiwa cha Dagusi|Dagusi]], [[Kisiwa cha Damba|Damba]], [[Kisiwa cha Dinzira|Dinzira]], [[Kisiwa cha Duweru|Duweru]], [[Kisiwa cha Dwanga Mukulu|Dwanga Mukulu]], [[Kisiwa cha Dwanga Muto|Dwanga Muto]], [[Kisiwa cha Dwasendwe|Dwasendwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Dyabalume|Dyabalume]], [[Kisiwa cha Funve|Funve]], [[Kisiwa cha Galo|Galo]], [[Kisiwa cha Ikunyu|Ikunyu]], [[Kisiwa cha Iramba|Iramba]], [[Kisiwa cha Isamba|Isamba]], [[Kisiwa cha Izinga (Buvuma)|Izinga]], [[Kisiwa cha Jana|Jana]], [[Kisiwa cha Kabaganja|Kabaganja]], [[Kisiwa cha Kabale|Kabale]], [[Visiwa vya Kabuguza|Kabuguza]],[[Kisiwa cha Kabulataka|Kabulataka]], [[Kisiwa cha Kagulumu|Kagulumu]], [[Kisiwa cha Kaina|Kaina]], [[Kisiwa cha Kaivali|Kaivali]], [[Kisiwa cha Kalambide|Kalambide]], [[Kisiwa cha Kamukulu|Kamukulu]], [[Kisiwa cha Kamutenga|Kamutenga]], [[Visiwa vya Kansove|Kansove]],[[Kisiwa cha Kaserwa|Kaserwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Katanga|Katanga]], [[Kisiwa cha Kayanja|Kayanja]], [[Kisiwa cha Kaza|Kaza]], [[Kisiwa cha Kerenge|Kerenge]], [[Kisiwa cha Kibibi (Buvuma)|Kibibi]], [[Kisiwa cha Kibibi Kaskazini|Kibibi Kaskazini]], [[Kisiwa cha Kibibi Kusini|Kibibi Kusini]], [[Kisiwa cha Kimi|Kimi]], [[Kisiwa cha Kiraza|Kiraza]], [[Kisiwa cha Kiregi (Uganda)|Kiregi]], [[Kisiwa cha Kirugu|Kirugu]], [[Kisiwa cha Kisima|Kisima]], [[Kisiwa cha Kitobo|Kitobo]], [[Kisiwa cha Kiwa (Uganda)|Kiwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Komogwe|Komogwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Koome|Koome]], [[Kisiwa cha Kuiye|Kuiye]], [[Kisiwa cha Kyanga|Kyanga]], [[Kisiwa cha Lambu|Lambu]], [[Kisiwa cha Lebu|Lebu]], [[Kisiwa cha Limaiba|Limaiba]], [[Kisiwa cha Linga (Uganda)|Linga]], [[Kisiwa cha Lingira|Lingira]], [[Kisiwa cha Lolui|Lolui]], [[Kisiwa cha Lufu|Lufu]], [[Kisiwa cha Lujabwa|Lujabwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Lukalu|Lukalu]], [[Kisiwa cha Luke (Uganda)|Luke]], [[Kisiwa cha Lukiusa|Lukiusa]], [[Kisiwa cha Lula|Lula]], [[Kisiwa cha Lulamba|Lulamba]], [[Kisiwa cha Lulanda|Lulanda]], [[Kisiwa cha Lumva|Lumva]], [[Kisiwa cha Lunfuwa|Lunfuwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Lunkulu|Lunkulu]], [[Kisiwa cha Luntwa|Luntwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Luserera|Luserera]], [[Kisiwa cha Luvangu|Luvangu]], [[Kisiwa cha Luvia|Luvia]], [[Kisiwa cha Luwungulu|Luwungulu]], [[Kisiwa cha Lwabagenge|Lwabagenge]], [[Kisiwa cha Lwabalega|Lwabalega]], [[Kisiwa cha Lwabana|Lwabana]], [[Kisiwa cha Lwaji|Lwaji]], [[Kisiwa cha Lwantete|Lwantete]], [[Kisiwa cha Lyabana|Lyabana]], [[Visiwa vya Mabanda|Mabanda]], [[Kisiwa cha Makalugi|Makalugi]], [[Kisiwa cha Makusu|Makusu]], [[Kisiwa cha Marija|Marija]], [[Kisiwa cha Masiwa|Masiwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Masovwi|Masovwi]], [[Kisiwa cha Maundu|Maundu]], [[Kisiwa cha Maungwe|Maungwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Mavi|Mavi]], [[Kisiwa cha Mawe|Mawe]], [[Kisiwa cha Mayinja|Mayinja]], [[Kisiwa cha Mbirubuziba|Mbirubuziba]], [[Kisiwa cha Mbive|Mbive]], [[Kisiwa cha Mbulamwalo|Mbulamwalo]], [[Visiwa vya Meru|Meru]], [[Visiwa vya Mitusi|Mitusi]], [[Kisiwa cha Mkovu|Mkovu]], [[Kisiwa cha Mpande|Mpande]], [[Kisiwa cha Mpata|Mpata]], [[Kisiwa cha Mpuga|Mpuga]], [[Kisiwa cha Mpugwe|Mpugwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Mpuni|Mpuni]], [[Kisiwa cha Mukalanga|Mukalanga]], [[Kisiwa cha Munene|Munene]], [[Visiwa vya Musambwa|Musambwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Musambwa Kusini|Musambwa Kusini]], [[Kisiwa cha Musene|Musene]], [[Kisiwa cha Mutyomu|Mutyomu]], [[Kisiwa cha Mwama|Mwama]], [[Kisiwa cha Mwana|Mwana]], [[Kisiwa cha Mweza|Mweza]], [[Kisiwa cha Nagembiruwa|Nagembiruwa]], [[Kisiwa cha Nainaivi|Nainaivi]], [[Kisiwa cha Namalusu|Namalusu]], [[Kisiwa cha Namama|Namama]], [[Kisiwa cha Namasimbi|Namasimbi]], [[Kisiwa cha Nambewa|Nambewa]], [[Kisiwa cha Nambuga|Nambuga]], [[Kisiwa cha Namite|Namite]], [[Kisiwa cha Namubega|Namubega]], [[Kisiwa cha Nfo|Nfo]], [[Kisiwa cha Ngabo|Ngabo]], [[Kisiwa cha Ngamba (Uganda)|Ngamba]], [[Kisiwa cha Nkata|Nkata]], [[Kisiwa cha Nkese|Nkese]], [[Kisiwa cha Nkose|Nkose]], [[Kisiwa cha Nkusa (Kalangala)|Nkusa (Kalangala)]], [[Kisiwa cha Nkusa (Mukono)|Nkusa (Mukono)]], [[Kisiwa cha Nkusa (Wakiso)|Nkusa (Wakiso)]], [[Kisiwa cha Nkuzi|Nkuzi]], [[Kisiwa cha Nsadzi|Nsadzi]], [[Kisiwa cha Nsenyi|Nsenyi]], [[Kisiwa cha Nsimba|Nsimba]], [[Kisiwa cha Nsinga|Nsinga]], [[Kisiwa cha Nsirwe|Nsirwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Nsonga|Nsonga]], [[Kisiwa cha Ntokwe|Ntokwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Nvuza|Nvuza]], [[Kisiwa cha Nyenda|Nyenda]], [[Kisiwa cha Nziribanje|Nziribanje]], [[Kisiwa cha Ramafuta|Ramafuta]], [[Kisiwa cha Sagitu|Sagitu]], [[Kisiwa cha Sali (Uganda)|Sali]], [[Kisiwa cha Samoka|Samoka]], [[Kisiwa cha Sanga (Buvuma)|Sanga (Buvuma)]], [[Kisiwa cha Sanga (Mukono)|Sanga (Mukono)]] (lat -0,07, long 32,80), [[Kisiwa cha Sanga (Mukono)|Sanga (Mukono)]] (lat 0,08, long 32,65), [[Kisiwa cha Segamba|Segamba]], [[Kisiwa cha Sege|Sege]], [[Visiwa vya Semuganja|Semuganja]], [[Kisiwa cha Semuganja Omunene|Semuganja Omunene]], [[Kisiwa cha Semuganja Omutono|Semuganja Omutono]], [[Kisiwa cha Sentwe|Sentwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Serinya|Serinya]], [[Visiwa vya Sese|Sese]], [[Kisiwa cha Sigulu|Sigulu]], [[Kisiwa cha Simu|Simu]],[[Kisiwa cha Sindiro|Sindiro]], [[Kisiwa cha Sira|Sira]], [[Kisiwa cha Siro|Siro]], [[Kisiwa cha Sowe (Uganda)|Sowe]], [[Kisiwa cha Tavu|Tavu]], [[Kisiwa cha Visa (Uganda)|Visa]], [[Kisiwa cha Vumba|Vumba]], [[Kisiwa cha Wabuziba|Wabuziba]], [[Kisiwa cha Waiasi|Waiasi]], [[Kisiwa cha Waitwe|Waitwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Yubwe|Yubwe]], [[Kisiwa cha Yuweh|Yuweh|]], [[Kisiwa cha Zigunga|Zigunga]], [[Visiwa pacha vya Zigunga|Zigunga Pacha]], [[Kisiwa cha Zinga (Uganda)|Zinga]], [[Kisiwa cha Ziro|Ziro]], [[Kisiwa cha Ziru (Buvuma)|Ziru (Buvuma)]] (lat -0,09, long 33,21), [[Kisiwa cha Ziru (Buvuma)|Ziru (Buvuma)]] (lat 0,05, long 32,98), [[Kisiwa cha Ziru (Kalangala)|Ziru (Kalangala)]]
==Tazama pia==
* [[Orodha ya maziwa ya Kenya]]
* [[Orodha ya maziwa ya Tanzania]]
* [[Orodha ya maziwa ya Uganda]]
==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
*[http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af16.html Watersheds of Africa: A10 Nile | Lake Viktoria ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af16.html |date=20070927212902 }}
{{Maziwa ya Tanzania}}
{{maziwa ya Uganda}}
{{Maziwa ya Kenya}}
{{mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Uganda]]
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Kenya]]
[[Jamii:Nile]]
[[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria| ]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kagera]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Geita]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mwanza]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mara]]
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Wilaya ya Monduli
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[[Picha:Tanzania Monduli location map.svg|thumb|250px|Mahali pa Monduli (kijani) katika [[mkoa wa Arusha]].]]
'''Wilaya ya Monduli''' {{Audio-IPA|Monduli.ogg|Matamshi}} ni kati ya [[wilaya]] saba za [[Mkoa wa Arusha]] yenye [[postikodi]] '''23400'''.
Katika [[sensa]] ya mwaka 2012, idadi ya wakazi wa Wilaya ya Monduli ilihesabiwa kuwa 158,929. Katika ile ya mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 227,585 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>.
Wilaya hii iko katika kaskazini mashariki ya Tanzania. Imepakana na [[Kenya]] upande wa kaskazini, [[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]] na [[Wilaya ya Arusha Vijijini]] upande wa mashariki, [[Mkoa wa Manyara]] upande wa Kusini na [[Wilaya ya Ngorongoro]] pamoja na [[Wilaya ya Karatu]] upande wa magharibi.
==Historia==
Jina "Monduli" linasemekana kututoka kwa mmoja mzee wa Masai aliyeitwa "Monduli" na kukaa katika eneo la kata ya [[Monduli Juu]] wakati wa ukoloni wa Kijerumani.
==Utawala==
Wilaya ya Monduli ilikuwa sawa na Jimbo la Uchaguzi la Monduli wakati wa uchaguzi wa bunge. Eneo limegawiwa kwa kata 15 na 51 vijiji au mitaa ya mjini. Eneo lote ni [[kilomita za mraba]] 6,419.
Makao makuu ya wilaya iko [[Monduli Mjini]] ambayo ni moja wa miji midogo miwili (pamoja na [[Namanga]]) katika wilaya yenye tabia ya vijijini.
==Jiografia==
Monduli iko upande wa magharibi wa [[Jiji la Arusha]] na [[Mlima Meru]]. Sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake ni milima pamoja na [[volkeno]] ya [[Oldoinyo Lengai]] iliyokatwa na [[Bonde la Ufa]]. Pia mlima karibu na Monduli mjini huitwa Monduli, ni [[volkeno bwete]].
==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}
==Viungo vya Nje==
*http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/Tanzania/T-independence.htm{{Wayback|url=http://legacy.lclark.edu/~peck/EAf-Orient/Tanzania/T-independence.htm |date=20110811131519 }}
*http://www.arusha.go.tz/english/Pages/Health/index.php {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130418215927/http://www.arusha.go.tz/english/Pages/Health/index.php |date=2013-04-18 }}
*http://www.parks.it/world/TZ/parchi.arusha/Epar.html
*http://www.infohub.com/TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/18500.html
*http://www.trazzler.com/trips/the-maasai-red-market-at-monduli-juu-in-arusha-tanzania-tz{{Wayback|url=http://www.trazzler.com/trips/the-maasai-red-market-at-monduli-juu-in-arusha-tanzania-tz |date=20120224081416 }}
*{{Rejea tovuti|title=educ|url=http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/1514/Tanzania-HISTORY-BACKGROUND.html}}
*http://www.infojep.com/culturaltours/monduli_juu_brochure.html
*http://www.ieftz.org {{Wayback|url=http://www.ieftz.org/ |date=20160526204509 }}
{{-}}
{{Kata za Wilaya ya Monduli}}
{{mbegu-jio-arusha}}
[[Jamii:Wilaya za Mkoa wa Arusha|M]]
[[Jamii:Wilaya ya Monduli| ]]
n6dxn4z298m3d3ui3dlc9j9yjijjhaj
Umoja wa Ulaya
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{{Jedwali la Shirika
| jina_rasmi = Umoja wa Ulaya
| jina_asili = European Union (EU)
| bendera = Flag of Europe.svg
| kaulimbiu = "United in diversity" ("Umoja katika utofauti")
| wimbo = "Ode to Joy"
| ramani = European Union map.svg
| mji_mkubwa = [[Berlin]]
| mji_mkuu = [[Brussels]] (de facto)
| majiranukta1 =
| majiranukta2 = Bahari ya Atlantiki, Bahari ya Mediterania, Bahari ya Kaskazini, Bahari ya Baltiki
| lugha_rasmi = [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kiingereza]], [[Kifaransa]], [[Kijerumani]], [[Kihispania]], [[Kiitaliano]], na lugha nyingine 18
| lugha_taifa = Lugha za mataifa wanachama
| serikali = Muungano wa kisiasa na kiuchumi
| muundo_uhuru = '''Muungano'''
| tukio1 = Mkataba wa Maastricht
| tukio2 = Kuanzishwa kwa Euro
| tukio3 = Brexit (Uingereza kujiondoa)
| tukio1_tarehe = 1993
| tukio2_tarehe = 1999
| tukio3_tarehe = 2020
| kiongozi1 = Charles Michel
| kiongozi2 = Ursula von der Leyen
| cheo_kiongozi1 = Rais wa Baraza la Ulaya
| cheo_kiongozi2 = Rais wa Tume ya Ulaya
| eneo_jumla = 4,233,255
| cheo_eneo = 7
| maji = 3%
| watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 448,400,000
| mwaka_kadirio = 2025
| pato = {{increase}} $20.287 trilioni
| mwaka_pato = 2025
| pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $43,194
| pato_ppp = {{increase}} $29.005 trilioni
| pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $64,080
| mwaka_maendeleo = 2021
| maendeleo = {{increase}} 0.899 (HDI)
| fedha = [[Euro]]
| majira_saa = +1 CET / CEST (UTC+2)
| udereva = Kushoto na kulia (inategemea nchi)
| msimbo_simu =+3 , +4
| tovuti = https://europa.eu
| gini = 29.6
| mwaka_gini = 2022
|tanbihi= Data inatokana na Jumla au wastani wa data ya mataifa ya Umoja wa Ulaya
}}
'''Umoja wa Ulaya''' ([[kifupisho]]: '''[[EU]]''') ni muungano wa kisiasa na wa kiuchumi wa nchi 27 za [[Ulaya]], baada ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] kujitoa [[tarehe]] [[31 Januari]] [[2020]], tukio la kwanza la namna hiyo. Ulianzishwa mwaka [[1991]] juu ya msingi wa [[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Ulaya]].
Shabaha kuu zilikuwa kujenga [[uchumi]] wa pamoja, kuboresha maisha ya watu wa Ulaya na kuzuia [[vita]] kati ya nchi za Ulaya.
Nchi 19 za Umoja huo hutumia [[pesa]] moja ya [[Euro]].
Nchi nyingi za Umoja zimepatana kufungua mipaka yao bila vizuizi kwa wakazi wote.
[[File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Schuman - Berlaymont - 01.jpg|thumb|right|European Commission (Brussels)]]
== Historia ==
[[Jumuiya ya Kiuchumi ya Ulaya]] ilibadilisha jina lake mwaka [[1992]] kufuatana na [[mikataba ya Maastricht]] kuwa Umoja wa Ulaya.
Nchi wanachama zilipatana kujenga [[siasa]] ya pamoja ya kiuchumi, kifedha, kisheria na katika mambo ya nje.
[[Mapatano ya Schengen]] ilifungua mipaka ili wakazi wa nchi hizo waweze kusafiri bila [[pasipoti]] wala vibali.
Nchi 10 tena zilijiunga na Umoja wa Ulaya mwaka [[2004]]. Mbili zaidi ziliingia [[2007]] na [[Kroatia]] mwaka [[2013]].
<gallery>
Image:Quai d'Orsay.jpg|[[Quai d'Orsay]] ([[Paris]])
Image:Eurotower in Frankfurt.jpg|Euro Tower ([[Frankfurt]])
File:Donald Tusk - 2017 (35494428931) (cropped).jpg|[[Donald Tusk]] (2017)
File:Cecilia Malmström (cropped).jpg|[[Cecilia Malmström]]
</gallery>
==Demografia==
Jumla ya wakazi ni [[milioni]] 447 (mwanzoni mwa [[2020]]), sawa na 5.8% za [[watu]] wote [[duniani]]. Kuna miji 15 yenye watu zaidi ya milioni moja kila mmojawapo, kuanzia [[Paris]] ambayo inazidi milioni 10.
=== Lugha ===
Upande wa [[lugha]], [[lugha rasmi]] ni 24, lakini lugha inayotumika zaidi ni [[Kiingereza]], kinachoweza kuzungumzwa na 51% za wakazi wote, ingawa ni lugha ya kwanza ya 1% tu. Lugha nyingine ambazo ni za kwanza kwa wananchi wengi ni: [[Kijerumani]] (18%), [[Kifaransa]] (13%) na [[Kiitalia]] (12%). Pia kuna lugha 150 hivi za kieneo.
=== Dini ===
Upande wa [[dini]], wakazi wengi ni [[Wakristo]] (71.6%), hasa [[Wakatoliki]] (45.3%), [[Waprotestanti]] 11.1% na [[Waorthodoksi]] 9.6%. [[Waislamu]] ni 1.8%. Wafuasi wa dini nyingine ni 2.6%. Wengine 24% hawana dini au ni [[Wakanamungu]].
== Uhuru wa kuhama ==
Kila mtu mwenye [[uraia]] wa nchi ya Umoja anaruhusiwa kuhamia nchi yoyote nyingine na kufanya [[kazi]] au [[biashara]] huko bila vibali vya pekee.
Vilevile [[bidhaa]] zote zinazotengenezwa kote katika Umoja wa Ulaya zinaweza kuuzwa katika kila nchi. Hii ni sababu ya kuwa na sheria za pamoja zinazotawala masharti ya bidhaa na uzalishaji.
== Utawala na Serikali ==
=== Halmashauri ya Ulaya ===
Halmashauri hii ni mkutano wa viongozi wa serikali za nchi wanachama. Wanakutana mara mbili kwa mwaka na kutoa maazimo muhimu.
Nafasi ya uraisi hubadilika kila baada ya miezi 6. Ufini ilishika uraisi kati ya Julai 2006 hadi Desemba 2006, ikafuatiliwa na Ujerumani tangu Januari hadi Juni 2007.
=== Baraza za mawaziri ===
Katika baraza hizi mawaziri ya Kilimo, Sheria, Mambo ya Nje hukutana na kupanga siasa ya pamoja.
=== Kamati ya Ulaya ===
Hii ni kamati ya utawala inayotekeleza maazimio ya Halmashauri na bunge. Kuna makamishna 24 na mwenyekiti. Inaelekea kuwa serikali lakini haina madaraka ya serikali bado.
=== Bunge la Ulaya ===
[[File:European-parliament-brussels-inside.JPG||thumb|Bunge la Umojwa wa Ulaya huko Brussels.]]
[[File:Tratado de Lisboa 13 12 2007 (08) edited.jpg|thumb|Picha ya pamoja wakati wa kusaini mkataba wa Lisboa tarehe 13 Desemba 2007.]]
Bunge la Ulaya lina wabunge 751 wanaochaguliwa na wananchi kila baada ya miaka mitano.
==Wanachama ==
<imagemap>File:Member States of the European Union (polar stereographic projection) EN.svg|upright=2.5|thumb|Map showing the member states of the European Union (clickable)
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desc bottom-left
</imagemap>
==== Wanachama tangu [[1958]] (waanzilishi) ====
* [[Ubelgiji]]
* [[Ufaransa]]
* [[Ujerumani]]
* [[Italia]]
* [[Luxemburg]]
* [[Uholanzi]]
==== Wanachama tangu [[1973]] ====
* [[Denmark]]
* [[Ueire]]
* [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] (hadi [[2020]] [<nowiki/>[[Brexit|<nowiki>Brexit]</nowiki>]])
==== Mwanachama tangu [[1981]] ====
* [[Ugiriki]]
==== Wanachama tangu [[1986]] ====
* [[Ureno]]
* [[Hispania]]
==== Wanachama tangu [[1995]] ====
* [[Austria]]
* [[Ufini]]
* [[Uswidi]]
==== Wanachama tangu [[2004]] ====
* [[Kupro]]
* [[Ucheki]]
* [[Estonia]]
* [[Hungaria]]
* [[Latvia]]
* [[Lithuania]]
* [[Malta]]
* [[Polandi]]
* [[Slovakia]]
* [[Slovenia]]
==== Wanachama tangu [[2007]] ====
* [[Bulgaria]]
* [[Romania]]
==== Wanachama tangu [[2013]] ====
* [[Kroatia]]
==== Nchi zinazoomba uanachama ====
* [[Uturuki]]
* [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
* [[Montenegro]]
* [[Albania]]
* [[Serbia]]
==Jeshi la Uropa/Ulaya==
[[picha:EU_PESCO_map.svg|thumb]]
==Tazama pia==
* [[Mkataba wa Schengen]]
* [[Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]]
==Marejeo==
{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
* {{cite book |last=Berend |first= Ivan T. |title=The Contemporary Crisis of the European Union: Prospects for the Future |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporarycris0000bere |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |year= 2017 |isbn= 978-1-138-24419-1}}
* {{cite book|editor-first1=Elizabeth |editor-last1=Bomberg |editor-first2=John |editor-last2=Peterson |editor-first3=Richard |editor-last3=Corbett |authorlink3=[[Richard Corbett]] |title=The European Union: How Does it Work? (New European Union) |url=https://archive.org/details/europeanunionhow0000unse |edition=3rd |year=2012|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-957080-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Corbett |first1=Richard|last2=Jacobs|first2=Francis|author2-link=Francis Jacobs|last3=Shackleton|first3=Michael|title=The European Parliament|url=https://archive.org/details/europeanparliame0000corb |edition=8th |publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|John Harper Publishing]]|year=2011|location=London|isbn=978-0-9564508-5-2}}
* {{cite book|last1=Craig|first1=Paul|first2=Gráinne|last2=de Búrca|title=EU Law, Text, Cases and Materials|edition=4th|year=2007|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-927389-8}}
* {{cite book|editor-last=Federiga |editor-first=Bindi|title=The Foreign Policy of the European Union: Assessing Europe's Role in the World|url=https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofe0000unse |publisher=[[Brookings Institution|Brookings Institution Press]]|year=2010|location=Washington, DC|isbn=978-0-8157-2252-6|edition=2nd}} The E.U.'s foreign-policy mechanisms and foreign relations, including with its neighbours.
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Gareis |editor-first1= Sven |editor-last2= Hauser |editor-first2= Gunther |editor-last3= Kernic |editor-first3=Franz |title=The European Union – A Global Actor? |location=Leverkusen, Germany|publisher= Barbara Budrich Publishers |year= 2013 |isbn= 978-3-8474-0040-0}}
* {{cite book |last1=Grinin |first1=L. |last2=Korotayev |first2= A. |last3=Tausch |first3=A. |year=2016 |title=Economic Cycles, Crises, and the Global Periphery |publisher=Springer International Publishing |location= Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London |isbn=978-3-319-17780-9}}
* {{cite book|first1=Erik|last1=Jones|first2=Menon|last2=Anand|first3=Stephen|last3=Weatherill|title=The Oxford Handbook of the European Union|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_a3u9|year=2012|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-954628-2}}
* {{cite book|editor-first1=A.J. |editor-last1=Jordan |editor-first2= Camilla |editor-last2=Adelle|title=Environmental Policy in the European Union: Contexts, Actors and Policy Dynamics|edition=3rd|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=[[Abingdon-on-Thames]]|isbn=978-1-84971-469-3|year=2012}}
* {{cite book|last=Kaiser|first=Wolfram|title=Christian Democracy and the Origins of European Union (New Studies in European History)|year=2009|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-511-49705-6}}
* {{cite book |last1=Le Gales |first1= Patrick |last2= King |first2= Desmond |title= Reconfiguring European States in Crisis |location= Corby |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2017 |isbn= 978-0-19-879337-3}}
* McAuley, James, "A More Perfect Union?" (review of [[Luuk van Middelaar]], ''Alarums and Excursions: Improving Politics on the European Stage'', translated from the Dutch by Liz Waters, Agenda, 2019, 301 pp.; and Stéphanie Hennette, [[Thomas Piketty]], Guillaume Sacriste, and Antoine Vauchez, ''How to Democratize Europe'', translated from the French by Paul Dermine, Marc LePain, and Patrick Camiller, Harvard University Press, 2019, 209 pp.), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXVI, no. 13 (15 August 2019), pp. 46–48. James McAuley writes: "There was never a single moment that marked the definitive establishment of the European Union, which... has continued to define itself since [[World War II]]. The major turning points have all been quiet steps on the way to further [[economic integration]] while preserving [[national sovereignty]]. Today there is only an incomplete [[monetary union]] without a real political contract to manage it... [Nevertheless, the Union's] various peoples have grown remarkably closer... The European Union now has open borders, a single market from Portugal to the Baltics, and more or less monthly meetings of member state leaders [the [[European Council]]]. What's more, those member states are now closer to each other than they are to the [[United States]]... [T]his transformation has occurred informally and organically... Robust supranational politics are taking root in Europe... [[Luuk van Middelaar]] writes: 'What unites us as Europeans on this continent is bigger and stronger than anything that divides us.'" (pp. 47–48.)
* {{cite book|first1=John|last1=McCormick|title=The European Union: Politics and Policies|publisher=[[Westview Press]]|location=Boulder, CO|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8133-4202-3|edition=5th|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/europeanunionpol0000mcco_d3k0}}
* [[Ferdinand Mount|Mount, Ferdinand]], "Why We Go to War", ''[[London Review of Books]]'', vol. 41, no. 11 (6 June 2019), pp. 11–14. "Historians have tended to weave their narratives around [...] high-flown themes: the struggle to maintain the [[Balance of power (international relations)|balance of power]], the struggles against [[fascism]] and [[communism]], against the [[French Revolution]] or [[Militarism#Germany|German militarism]]. In reality, most large [[war]]s have contained within them a violent and persistent economic conflict. [p. 12.] Not for one second do [the [[U.K.]]'s [[Brexit]]eers] pause to think how hard-won [Europe's economic integration and peace, within the European Union, have] been. They are the feckless children of seventy years of peace." [p. 14.]
* {{cite book|last1=Pinder|first1=John|first2=Simon|last2=Usherwood|title=The European Union: A Very Short Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/europeanunionver0000pind|year=2013|edition=3rd|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-968169-3}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0199233977 excerpt and text search]
* {{cite book|title=The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future Is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream|first=Jeremy|last=Rifkin|publisher=[[Penguin Group#Imprints|TarcherPerigee]]|year=2005|location=[[City of Westminster]], London|isbn=978-1-58542-435-1|url=https://archive.org/details/europeandreamhow00rifk_0}}
* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Charles|authorlink=Charles Emrys Smith|title=International Trade and Globalisation|url=https://archive.org/details/internationaltra0000smit_k3f7|edition=3rd|publisher=Anforme Ltd|year=2007|location=[[Stocksfield]]|isbn=978-1-905504-10-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Staab|first=Andreas|title=The European Union Explained: Institutions, Actors, Global Impact|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=2011|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=978-0-253-22303-6}} [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0253220181 excerpt and text search]
* {{cite book|last1=Steiner|first1=Josephine|first2=Lorna|last2=Woods|first3=Christian|last3=Twigg-Flesner|title=EU Law|url=https://archive.org/details/eulaw0009stei|edition=9th|year=2006|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-927959-3}}
* {{Rejea kitabu | last=Tausch | first=Arno | authorlink=Arno Tausch | title= Globalization, the Human Condition, and Sustainable Development in the Twenty-first Century: Cross-national Perspectives and European Implications. With Almas Heshmati and a Foreword by Ulrich Brand | url=https://archive.org/details/globalizationhum0000taus |publisher=Anthem Press, London|year=2012 | edition=1st | isbn= 978-0-85728-410-5}}
* {{cite book|last1=Yesilada|first1=Birol A.|first2=David M.|last2=Wood|title=The Emerging European Union|edition=5th|year=2009|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=[[Abingdon-on-Thames]]|isbn=978-0-205-72380-5}}
{{Refend}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
'''Tovuti rasmi:'''
* [http://europa.eu/index_en.htm EUROPA] – official web portal
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090601191547/http://europa.eu/institutions/index_en.htm Institutions]
* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170609145325/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/da/european-council/ European Council]
* [http://www.ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm European Commission]
* [http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090706224730/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/showPage.aspx?id=242&lang=en Council]
* [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/default_en.htm European Parliament] {{Wayback|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/public/default_en.htm |date=20080728172056 }}
* [http://www.ecb.europa.eu/home/html/index.en.html European Central Bank]
* [http://curia.europa.eu/ Court of Justice of the European Union]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091222231135/http://eca.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eca_main_pages/home Court of Auditors]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070716180819/http://europa.eu/agencies/index_en.htm Agencies]
* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/index.htm EUR-Lex] – Sheria
* [http://www.eui.eu/Research/HistoricalArchivesOfEU/Index.aspx Historical Archives of the European Union]
'''Mandhari na data:'''
* [http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained Eurostat – European Union Statistics Explained]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100315151022/http://www.ckan.net/tag/read/eutransparency Datasets related to the EU on CKAN]
* {{CIA World Factbook link|ee|CIA World Factbook: European Union}}
* [http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=2537&display=list/ British Pathé] – Online newsreel archive of the 20th century {{Wayback|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/workspace.php?id=2537&display=list%2F |date=20120106052118 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160827225957/http://eu.data-list-search.com/ Search EU Financial Sanctions List]
* [https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21372.pdf {{Wayback|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21372.pdf |date=20200309092959 }} The European Union: Questions and Answers] {{Wayback|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS21372.pdf |date=20200309092959 }} [[Congressional Research Service]]
* {{Gutenberg author | id=European+Union | name=European Union}}
'''Taarifa:'''
* [http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/spiegel-interview-with-helmut-schmidt-and-valery-giscard-d-estaing-a-855127.html ''Der Spiegel'' interview with Helmut Schmidt and Valery Giscard d'Estaing]
'''Misaada ya kufundishia:'''
* [http://hum.port.ac.uk/europeanstudieshub European Studies Hub] – interactive learning tools and resources to help students and researchers better understand and engage with the European Union and its politics. {{Wayback|url=http://hum.port.ac.uk/europeanstudieshub |date=20200201074011 }}
== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Lango|Ulaya}}
{{Commons|European Union}}
* [http://europa.eu/ European Union online portal]
* [http://www.eu2006.fi/en_GB/ Finland's EU Council Presidency] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eu2006.fi/en_GB/ |date=20061227035210 }}
* [http://ec.europa.eu/youreurope/ Your Europe - information website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121230200345/http://www.europedia.moussis.eu/discus/ Europedia: Guide to European policies and legislation]
[[Jamii:Siasa]]
[[Jamii:Umoja wa Ulaya| ]]
[[Jamii:Mashirika ya kimataifa]]
[[Jamii:Brussels]]
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[[File:View of the Tsavo River in Tsavo West National Park (edited).jpg|thumb|right|180px|Muonkeno wa Mto Tsavo kutokea [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Tsavo West ]].]]
'''Tsavo''' ni [[jina]] la [[mto]] mmojawapo wa [[Kenya]] [[kusini]] ambao unatiririka kutoka [[magharibi]] hadi [[mashariki]] na uko mpakani mwa mbuga ya kitaifa ya [[milima ya Chyulu]], na [[hifadhi ya Mkomazi]] nchini [[Tanzania]].
[[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] chake ni karibu na mpaka wa [[Tanzania]], [[Mguu|mguuni]] pa [[mlima Kilimanjaro]]. Unapita [[Mbuga wa Wanyama wa Tsavo Mashariki]] na kuishia katika [[mto Athi]] karibu na [[Maporomoko ya maji]] ya [[Lugard]]. Kuanzia hapa mto huitwa [[Galana (mto)|Galana]].
Mto Tsavo ulijengewa [[daraja]] mara ya kwanza wakati wa [[reli ya Uganda]] na daraja lile lilikuwa mahali ambako [[simba]] waliua [[wafanyakazi]] 135.
Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Tsavo Mashariki ni moja ya hifadhi kubwa na kongwe zaidi nchini [[Kenya]] iliyotambaa eneo la [[kilomita za mraba]] 11,747. Ilifunguliwa mnamo [[Aprili]][[1948]], na iko karibu na [[kijiji]] cha [[Voi]] katika [[Wilaya ya Taita-Taveta]]. Hifadhi hii imetengwa na [[mbuga wa wanyama wa Tsavo Magharibi|sehemu ya magharibi]] na [[barabara]] na [[reli]] ya [[A109]]. Jina lake linatokana na mto Tsavo.
==Tazama pia==
* [[Mito ya Kenya]]
==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}
==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://www.geonames.org Geonames.org]
*[http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/tsavo.html Tsavo National Park Fact Sheet]{{Wayback|url=http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/tsavo.html |date=20070318110821 }}
*[http://fish.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Sabaki%20River.htm Freshwater Fish Species in Athi-Galana-Sabaki River Drainage System] {{Wayback|url=http://fish.mongabay.com/data/ecosystems/Sabaki%20River.htm |date=20160812080042 }}
{{mito ya Kenya}}
{{mbegu-jio-Kenya}}
[[Jamii:Mito ya Kenya]]
[[Jamii:mto Galana]]
[[Jamii:Bahari ya Hindi]]
[[Jamii:Mto Tsavo]]
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{{Mwigizaji 2
| jina = Vin Diesel
| picha = Vin Diesel by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg
| maelezo ya picha = Vin Diesel mnamo Julai 2013
| jina la kuzaliwa = Mark Sinclair Vincent
| tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1967|7|18}}
| mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[New York City]]
| tarehe ya kufa =
| mahala alipofia =
| jina lingine =
| kazi yake = [[Mwigizaji]]<br />
| miaka ya kazi = 1990–hadi leo
| ndoa = Paloma Jimenez
| watoto =
| mahusiano ya kimapenzi =
| tovuti = http://www.vindiesel.com/
}}
'''Vin Diesel''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Mark Vincent''',[[18 Julai]] [[1967]] mjini [[New York City]]) ni mwigizaji wa [[filamu]], mtunzi, mwongozaji, na mtayarishaji kutoka nchi ya [[Marekani]].
Anafahamika zaidi kwakuwa na [[Musuli|misuli]] mikubwa, mwili mpana na sauti yake nzito.
Diesel pia ni [[mwanzilishi]] wa kampuni za utengenezaji wa filamu.
Miongoni mwa kampuni hizo ni OneRace Films, Tigon Studios, na Racetrack Records. Vin pia amecheza filamu kadha wa kadha zenye kumpa umaarufu na heshima kubwa. Vin vilevile alionekana katika filamu ya XXX na The Fast and the Furious.
==Filamu Alizocheza==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Mwaka !! Jina la Filamu !! Jina Alilotumia !! Maelezo
|-
| 1990 || ''Awakenings'' || Orderly ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Multi-Facial]]'' || Mike ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Strays (film)|Strays]]'' || Rick ||
|-
| 1998 || ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' || Private Caparzo ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[The Iron Giant]]'' || The Iron Giant || Katia Sauti
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2000 || ''[[Boiler Room (film)|Boiler Room]]'' || Chris Varick ||
|-
| ''[[Pitch Black (film)|Pitch Black]]'' || Richard B. Riddick ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2001 || ''[[The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)|The Fast and the Furious]]'' || Dominic Toretto ||
|-
| ''[[Knockaround Guys]]'' || Taylor Reese ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[xXx]]'' || Xander Cage ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2003
|-
| ''[[A Man Apart]]'' || Sean Vetter ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2004 || ''[[The Chronicles of Riddick: Dark Fury]]'' || [[Richard B. Riddick]] (voice) || Straight-to-DVD, animated
|-
| ''[[The Chronicles of Riddick]]'' || [[Richard B. Riddick]] ||
|-
|| 2005 || ''[[The Pacifier]]'' || Luteni Shane Wolfe ||
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2006 || ''[[Find Me Guilty]]'' || Jack DiNorscio ||
|-
| ''[[The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift]]'' || Dominic Toretto || [[Cameo appearance]]
|-
| ''[[Rockfish]]'' || voiceover ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2007
|-
| ''[[Babylon A.D. (film)|Babylon A.D.]]'' || Hugo Cornelius Toorop ||
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2008 || ''[[Hannibal (animated)]]'' || [[Hannibal|Hannibal Barca (voice)]] || Ishatangazwa
|-
|| ''[[Hannibal the Conqueror]]'' || || Ishatangazwa
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2009 || ''[[The Wheelman]]'' || The Wheelman || Ishatangazwa
|}
==Filamu Alizotayarisha==
# ''[[Multi-Facial]]'' (1994) (Mtayarisha)
# ''[[Strays]]'' (1997) (Mtayarishaji Mkuu)
# ''[[xXx]]'' (2002) (Mtayarishaji Mkuu)
# ''[[A Man Apart]]'' (2003) (Mtayarishaji Mkuu)
# ''[[Chronicles of Riddick]]'' (2004) (Mtayarishaji Mkuu)
# ''[[Life is a Dream]]'' (2004) documentary (Mtayarishaji Mkuu)
# ''[[Find Me Guilty]]'' (2006) (Mtayarishaji)
# ''[[Hannibal]]'' (2007) (Mtayarishaji)
==Filamu Alizoongoza==
# ''[[Multi-Facial]]'' (1994)
# ''Strays'' (1997)
# ''Hannibal'' (2008) .... Hannibal Barca - Imetangazwa - Bado inamatengenezo madogo madogo.
==Filamu Alizotunga==
# ''[[Multi-Facial]]'' (1994)
# ''Strays'' (1997)
==Michezo ya Watoto==
# ''[[The Chronicles of Riddick: Escape from Butcher Bay]]''
# ''[[The Chronicles of Riddick: Assault on Dark Athena]]''
# ''[[The Wheelman (video game)|The Wheelman]]''
==Mshahara==
* ''[[The Chronicles of Riddick]]'' (2004) $11,500,000
* ''[[A Man Apart]]'' (2003) $2,500,000
* ''[[xXx]]'' (2002) $10,000,000
* ''[[The Fast and the Furious]]'' (2001) $2,000,000
* ''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' (1998) $100,000
==Marejeo==
# [https://web.archive.org/web/20130104221621/http://www.hollywood.com/news/Diesel_Slams_Gay_Rumors/3487636 Habari za Diesel kukataa kuwa yeye sio Shoga]
# [http://www.ugo.com/channels/filmTv/features/thechroniclesofriddick/vindiesel.asp Diesel katika mahojiano kuhusu filamu ya Riddick] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ugo.com/channels/filmTv/features/thechroniclesofriddick/vindiesel.asp |date=20040616071451 }}
# [http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=13540 Filamu mpya Riddick] {{Wayback|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=13540 |date=20060906035819 }}
==Viungo vya nje==
[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004874/ Vin katika IMDB]<br>
[http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/People/D/Diesel,_Vin/ Vin katika Dmoz] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/People/D/Diesel,_Vin/ |date=20131013073440 }}<br>
[http://www.vinxperience.net/ VinXperience - The Ultimate Fansite] {{Wayback|url=http://www.vinxperience.net/ |date=20091224142005 }}
{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Diesel, Vin}}
[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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#REDIRECT[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
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{{Mwigizaji 2
| jina = Barbara Bouchet
| picha = Barbara Bouchet (Rome, 1970s) by Rino Petrosino.jpg
| maelezo ya picha = Barbara Bouchet, mnamo 1972.
| jina la kuzaliwa = Bärbel Gutscher
| tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1943|08|15|df=y}}
| mahala pa kuzaliwa = Liberec, Sudetenland, [[Ujerumani]].
| tarehe ya kufa =
| mahala alipofia =
| jina lingine =
| kazi yake = [[Mwigizaji]]
| miaka ya kazi = 1959-hadi leo
| ndoa = Luigi Borghese (1974-2006)
| watoto = 2
| mahusiano ya kimapenzi =
| tovuti =
}}
'''Barbara Bouchet''', (alizaliwa kwa jina la ''Barbara Goutscher'' mnamo [[15 Agosti]] [[1943]]) ni muigizaji wa filamu za [[filamu za western|Spaghetti Western]]. Ni muigizaji anaeongea zaidi ya lugha moja, [[Kiingereza]], [[Kijerumani]] na [[Italia|Kiitalia]]. Ni nyota asiyependa kukaa nchini kwao.
Barbara kwa kuzaliwa ni mtu wa [[Ucheki]], kiasili ni mjerumani, kukulia ni [[Marekani|Mmarekani]], na kimakazi ni [[Italia|Mwitalia]].
==Filamu Alizocheza Barbara==
* ''What a Way to Go!'' (1964)
* ''A Global Affair'' (1964)
* ''Bedtime Story'' (1964)
* ''Good Neighbor Sam'' (1964)
* ''Sex and the Single Girl'' (1964)
* ''John Goldfarb, Please Come Home'' (1965)
* ''In Harm's Way'' (1965)
* ''Agent for H.A.R.M.'' (1966)
* ''Casino Royale'' (1967)
* ''Danger Route'' (1967)
* ''Surabaya Conspiracy'' (1969)
* ''Colpo rovente'' (''Red Hot Shot'')(1969)
* ''Sweet Charity'' (1969)
* ''Cerca di capirmi'' (1970)
* ''L'Asino d'oro: processo per fatti strani contro Lucius Apuleius cittadino romano'' (1970)
* ''Il Debito coniugale'' (''The Conjugal Debt'') (1970)
* ''Non commettere atti impuri'' (1971)
* ''Nokaut'' (''Instant Success'') (1971)
* ''Forza 'G''' (1971)
* ''Il Prete sposato'' (1971)
* ''L'Uomo dagli occhi di ghiaccio'' (''The Man with Icy Eyes'') (1971)
* ''La Tarantola dal ventre nero'' (''Black Belly of the Tarantula'') (1971)
* ''Le Calde notti di Don Giovanni'' (1971)
* ''Anche se volessi lavorare, che faccio?'' (1972)
* ''La Calandria'' (1972)
* ''Racconti proibiti... di niente vestiti'' (1972)
* ''Finalmente... le mille e una notte'' (''1001 Nights of Pleasure'') (1972)
* ''Una Cavalla tutta nuda'' (1972)
* ''Milano calibro 9'' (''Caliber 9'') (1972)
* ''Alla ricerca del piacere'' (1972)
* ''Valeria dentro e fuori'' (''Valerie Inside Outside'') (1972)
* ''Casa d'appuntamento'' (1972)
* ''La Dama rossa uccide sette volte'' (1972)
* ''Don't Torture a Duckling'' (1972)
* ''Conoscenza matrimoniale'' (1973)
* ''Ancora una volta prima di lasciarci'' (1973)
* ''Il Tuo piacere è il mio'' (''My Pleasure is Your Pleasure'') (1973)
* ''Ricco'' (1973)
* ''La Badessa di Castro'' (1974)
* ''La Svergognata'' (1974)
* ''Quelli che contano'' (''Cry of a Prostitute'') (1974)
* ''L'Anatra all'arancia'' (''Duck in Orange Sauce'') (1975)
* ''L'Amica di mia madre'' (''My Mother's Friend'') (1975)
* ''Amore vuol dir gelosia'' (1975)
* ''Per le antiche scale'' (''Down the Ancient staircase'') (1975)
* ''To Agistri'' (''The Hook'') (1976)
* ''Spogliamoci così senza pudor'' (1976)
* ''Con la rabbia agli occhi'', (''Death Rage''), (1976)
* ''Brogliaccio d'amore'', (''Diary of a Passion''), (1976)
* ''40 gradi all'ombra del lenzuolo'' (1976)
* ''Tutti possono arricchire tranne i poveri'' (1976)
* ''Diamanti sporchi di sangue'' (''Blood and Diamonds'') (1977)
* ''L'Appuntamento'' (1977)
* ''Come perdere una moglie e trovare un'amante'' (1978)
* ''Travolto dagli affetti familiari'' (1978)
* ''Liquirizia'' (1979) - Raffaella
* ''Sabato, domenica e venerdì'' (1979)
* ''Sono fotogenico'' (''I'm Photogenic'') (1980)
* ''La Moglie in vacanza... l'amante in città'' (1980)
* ''Spaghetti a mezzanotte'' (1981)
* ''Crema cioccolato e pa...prika'' (1981)
* ''Per favore, occupati di Amelia'' (1982)
* ''Diamond Connection'' (1982) - Karen
* ''Perché non facciamo l'amore?'' (1982)
* ''Mari del sud'' (''Our Tropical Island'') (2001)
* ''[[Gangs of New York]]'' (2002)
* ''Bastardi'' (2007
== Tazama Pia==
* [[Spaghetti Western|Orodha ya waigizaji na waongozaji wa spaghetti western]].
==Viungo vya Nje==
* {{IMDb name|id=0099054|name=Barbara Bouchet}}
* [http://www.italica.rai.it/esp/cinema/archivo/multimedia.htm Barbara Bouchet recuerda sus inicios en el cine italiano - Barbara Bouchet talks about the beginnings of her career in Italian Cinema. (In Italian).] {{Wayback|url=http://www.italica.rai.it/esp/cinema/archivo/multimedia.htm |date=20090802211230 }}
* [http://allyourtrekarebelongto.us/kelinda.htm Barbara Bouchet's kissing scene with William Shatner, a commentary]
{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bouchet, Barbara}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]]
[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]]
[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu za Western]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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Timothy Dalton
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{{Mwigizaji 2
| jina = Timothy Dalton
| picha = Timothy Dalton 1987 b.jpg
| maelezo ya picha = Timothy Dalton
| jina la kuzaliwa =
| tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[21 Machi]] [[1946]]
| mahala pa kuzaliwa =
| tarehe ya kufa =
| mahala alipofia =
| jina lingine =
| kazi yake = mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka nchi ya [[Welisi]]
| miaka ya kazi =
| ndoa =
| watoto =
| mahusiano ya kimapenzi =
| tovuti =
}}
'''Timothy Peter Dalton''' (amezaliwa tar. [[21 Machi]] [[1946]]) ni mwigizaji wa filamu kutoka nchi ya [[Welisi]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kucheza kama [[James Bond]]. Alicheza katika filamu ya The Living Daylights ([[1987]]) na Licence to Kill ya mwaka [[1989]].
== Filamu alizoigiza ==
* Sat'day While Sunday (TV series) (1967) .... Peter
* The Lion in Winter (1968) .... King Philip of France
* The Three Princes (TV) (1968)
* Judge Dee: A Place of Great Evil (TV) (1969)
* Giochi particolari (1970) .... Mark
* Wuthering Heights (1970) .... Heathcliff
* Cromwell (1970) .... Prince Rupert
* Play of the Month: Five Finger Exercise (TV) (1970)
* Mary, Queen of Scots (1971) .... Lord Henry Darnley
* Play of the Month: Candida (TV) (1971)
* Permission to Kill (aka The Executioner) (1975) .... Charles Lord
* Sextette (1978) .... Sir Michael Barrington
* Hombre que supo amar, El (1978) .... Juan de Dios
* Centennial (TV miniseries) (1978) .... Oliver Seccombe
* Agatha (1979) .... Col. Archibald Christie
* The Flame Is Love (TV) (1979) .... Marquis de Guaita
* Charlie's Angels: Fallen Angel (TV) (1979) .... Damien Roth
* Flash Gordon (1980) .... Prince Barin
* Chanel Solitaire (1981) .... Boy Capel
* Antony and Cleopatra (TV) (1983) .... Marc Antony
* Jane Eyre (TV miniseries) (1983) .... Edward Fairfax Rochester
* Mistral's Daughter (TV miniseries) (1984) .... Perry Kilkullen
* The Master of Ballantrae (TV) (1984) .... Col. Francis Burke
* Florence Nightingale (TV) (1985) .... Richard Milnes
* The Doctor and the Devils (1985) .... Doctor Thomas Rock
* Faerie Tale Theatre: The Emperor's New Clothes (TV) (1985) (voice)
* Sins (TV miniseries) (1986) .... Edmund Junot
* The Living Daylights (1987) .... James Bond
* Hawks (1988) .... Bancroft
* Licence to Kill (1989) .... James Bond
* Brenda Starr (1989) .... Basil St. John
* Putain du roi, La (aka The King's Whore) (1990) .... Le Roi Vittorio * Amadeo
* The Rocketeer (1991) .... Neville Sinclair
* Tales from the Crypt: Werewolf Concerto (TV) (1992) .... Lokai
* Framed (TV) (1992) .... Eddie Myers
* Naked in New York (1993) .... Elliot Price
* Last Action Hero, cameo role (1993)
* Lie Down with Lions (aka Red Eagle) (TV) (1994) .... Jack Carver
* Scarlett (TV miniseries) (1994) .... Rhett Butler
* Salt Water Moose (1996) .... Lester Parnell
* The Beautician and the Beast (1997) .... Boris Pochenko
* The Informant (1997) .... DCI Rennie
* Stories from My Childhood (TV) (1998) (voice) .... Prince Guidon
* Cleopatra (TV) (1999) .... Julius Caesar
* Made Men (1999) .... Sheriff Dex Drier
* The Reef (aka Passion's Way) (1999) .... Charles Darrow
* Time Share (2000) .... Matt Farragher
* Possessed (TV) (2000) .... Fr. Willam Bowden
* American Outlaws (2001) .... Allan Pinkerton
* Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003) .... Damien Drake
* Dunkirk (TV) (2004) .... Narrator
* Hercules (TV) (2005) .... Amphitryon
* Marple: The Sittaford Mystery (TV) (2006) .... Clive Trevelyan
* Tales from Earthsea (2006) .... Sparrowhawk (aka Ged)
* Hot Fuzz (2007) .... Simon Skinner
== Viungo vya nje ==
* {{IMDb name|id=0001096|name=Timothy Dalton}}
* [http://www.pelicanpromotions.com.au/dalton/ The Timothy Dalton Chat Group] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pelicanpromotions.com.au/dalton/ |date=20210124235757 }}
* [http://www.timothydalton.prv.pl Timothy Dalton - A Fan Site (choose English vsn).]
* {{tvtome person|id=60888|name=Timothy Dalton}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121102035311/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/northeast/guides/halloffame/showbiz/timothy_dalton.shtml Timothy Dalton's Biography at BBC North East Wales Showbiz]
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/features/famous_derby/timothy_dalton.shtml Timothy Dalton's Biography at BBC site]
{{James Bond-Waigizaji}}
{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalton, Timothy}}
[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Welisi]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
hq7m2ydg7xesjup3mc5742kqbjkxwij
Carlos Santana
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{{Msanii muziki 2
| Jina = Carlos Santana
| Img = Carlos Santana 2.jpg
| Img_capt = Carlos Santos
| Background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| Jina la kuzaliwa = Carlos Augusto Santana Alves
| Pia anajulikana kama =
| Amezaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1947|07|20|df=yes}}
| Asili yake = [[Autlán de Navarro]], [[Jalisco]], [[Mexiko]]
| Ala = [[Gitaa]]
| Aina ya sauti =
| Aina = [[Blues-rock]], [[Chicano rock|Latin rock]], [[Rock ya vyombo vitupu]], [[Jazz fusion]], [[Hard rock]], [[Garage rock]]
| Kazi yake = [[Mwanamuziki]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]]
| Miaka ya kazi = 1966–hadi leo
| Studio = [[Arista Records|Arista]], [[Polydor Records|Polydor]], [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]/CBS
| Ameshirikiana na = [[Santana Bendi|Santana]], [[Chad Kroeger]], [[Rob Thomas]], [[Michelle Branch]]
| Tovuti = http://www.santana.com
| Ala zinazojulikana =
}}
'''Carlos Augusto Santana Alves''' (amezaliwa [[20 Julai]] [[1947]] mjini [[Autlán de Navarro]], [[Meksiko]]) ni mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Grammy]], akiwa kama [[mwanamuziki]]-[[gitaa|mpiga gitaa]] bora wa [[Mexiko|Kimexiko]]. Ameanza kujipatia umaarufu tangu kunako miaka ya 1960 na mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970 akiwa na bendi yake ya [[Santana Bendi]], ambayo imejizolea umaarufu na mafanikio makubwa kwa muziki wao wa [[rock]], [[blues]], [[salsa]], na [[jazz fusion]].
Bendi imeingizia baadhi ya ala zake mwenyewe, yaani anapiga blues-besi gitaa iendanayo na muundo sawa kabisa na zile ngoma za Kilatini kama vile [[timbalesi]] na [[congasi]]. Santana aliendlea kufanya shughuli zake za kimuziki kwa takriba miaka kadhaa. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa sana kunako miaka ya 1990. Mwaka wa 2003, gazeti la Rolling Stone nao wamempa Santana namba 15 katika orodha zao za Wapiga Gitaa Wakubwa kwa muda wa miaka 100.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5937559/the_100_greatest_guitarists_of_all_time | title = The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time : Rolling Stone|accessdate=2008-10-09 |archivedate=2007-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705144756/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5937559/the_100_greatest_guitarists_of_all_time }}</ref>
== Muziki ==
=== Albamu zake akiwa na bendi ya Santana ===
* ''[[Santana (albamu ya 1969)|Santana]]'' (1969) US: 2x Multi-Platinum
* ''Abraxas'' (1970) US: 5x Multi-Platinum
* ''[[Santana (albamu ya 1971)|Santana III]]'', (1971) US: 2x Multi-Platinum
* ''Caravanserai'' (1972) US: Platinum
* ''Welcome'' (1973) US: Gold
* ''Lotus'' (Live) (1974)
* ''Borboletta'' (1974) US: Gold
* '[Amigos'' (1976) US: Gold
* '[Festival]'' (1977) US: Gold
* ''Moonflower'' (Live) (1977) US: 2x Multi-Platinum
* ''Inner Secrets'' (1978) US: Gold
* ''Marathon'' (1979) US: Gold
* ''Zebop!'' (1981) US: Platinum
* ''Shango'' (1982)
* ''Beyond Appearances'' (1985)
* ''Freedom'' (1987)
* ''Spirits Dancing in the Flesh'' (1990)
* ''Milagro'' (1992)
* ''Sacred Fire: Live in South America'' (1993)*''
* ''Supernatural'' (1999) US: 15x Multi-Platinum
* ''Shaman'' (2002) US: 2x Multi-Platinum
* ''All That I Am'' (2005) US: Gold
=== Albamu zake akiwa kama msanii wa kujitegemea pamoja na za Ushirika ===
* 'Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live!'' (1972; with [[Buddy Miles]]) US: Platinum
* ''Love Devotion Surrender'' (1973; with John McLaughlin) US: Gold
* 'Illuminations'' (1974; akiwa na [[Alice Coltrane]])
* ''Oneness: Silver Dreams, Golden Reality'' (1979)
* ''The Swing of Delight'' (1980)
* ''Havana Moon'' (1983; akiwa na [[Booker T & the MGs]], [[Willie Nelson]], na [[The Fabulous Thunderbirds)
* ''Blues for Salvador'' (1987)
* ''Santana Brothers'' (1994; C.S. akiwa na [[Jorge Santana]] na Carlos Hernandez)
* ''Santana Live at the Fillmore'' (1997)
* ''Carlos Santana and Wayne Shorter - Live at the Montreux Jazz Festival 1988'' (2007)
=== Toleo Rasmi la Nyimbo Mchanganyiko ===
* ''Santana's Greatest Hits'' (1974)
* ''Viva Santana!'' (Remixed Hits, Live & Previously Unreleased Collection) (1988)
* ''The Definitive Collection'' (Import) (1992)
* ''Dance of the Rainbow Serpent'' (3-CD Box Set) (1995)
* ''The Very Best of Santana'' (Single Disc Import) (1996)
* ''The Ultimate Collection'' (3-CD Import) (1997)
* ''The Best of Santana'' (1998)
* ''Best Instrumentals'' (Import) (1998)
* ''Best Instrumentals Vol. 2'' (Import) (1999)
* ''The Best of Santana Vol. 2'' (2000)
* ''The Essential Santana'' (2-CD 2002)
* ''Ceremony: Remixes & Rarities'' (2003)
* ''Love Songs'' (Import) (2003)
* ''Hit Collection'' (2007)
* ''Ultimate Santana'' (2007)
* ''The Very Best of Santana (Moja kwa moja kutoka 1968)'' (2007)
* ''Multi-Dimensional Warrior'' (2008)
=== Matoleao Yasiyorasmi ===
* ''Samba Pa Ti'' (1988)
* ''Persuasion'' (1989)
* ''Latin Tropical'' (1990)
* ''Santana Unofficial Album'' (1990)
* ''The Big Jams'' (1991)
* ''Soul Sacrifice'' (1994)
* ''Santana Jam'' (1994)
* ''With a Little Help from My Friends'' (1994)
* ''Jin-Go-Lo-Ba'' (1995)
* ''SantanaLive Album'' (????)
* ''Santana Jingo And More Album'' (????)
=== Single zake ===
* 1969: "Jingo" #56 US
* 1969: "Evil Ways" #9 US
* 1971: "Black Magic Woman" #4 US
* 1971: "Everybody's Everything" #12 US
* 1971: "Oye Como Va" #13 US
* 1972: "No One to Depend On" #36 US
* 1974: "Samba Pa Ti" #27 UK
* 1976: "Let It Shine" #77 US
* 1977: "She's Not There" #27 US, #11 UK
* 1978: "Well All Right" #69 US
* 1979: "One Chain (Don't Make No Prison)" #59 US
* 1979: "Stormy" #32 US
* 1980: "You Know That I Love You" #35 US
* 1981: "Winning" #17 US
* 1981: "The Sensitive Kind" #56 US
* 1982: "Hold On" #15 US
* 1982: "Nowhere to Run" #66 US
* 1985: "Say It Again" #46 US
* 1999: "Smooth" (akishirikiana na Rob Thomas) #1 US, #3 UK (kwenye chati 2000)
* 2000: "Maria Maria" (akishirikiana na The Product G&B) #1 US, #6 UK
* 2002: "The Game of Love" (akishirikiana na Michelle Branch) #5 US, #16 UK
* 2003: "Nothing at All" (akishirikiana na Musiq Soulchild)
* 2003: "Feels Like Fire" (akishirikiana na Dido #26 NZ
* 2004: "Why Don't You & I" (akishirikiana na Alex Band) #8 US
* 2005: "I'm Feeling You" (akishirikiana na Michelle Branch) #55 US
* 2005: "Just Feel Better" (akishirikiana na Steven Tyler) #8 AUS
* 2006: "Cry Baby Cry" (akishirikiana na Sean Paul and Joss Stone) #71 UK
* 2006: "Illegal (song)|Illegal" (Shakira akishirikiana na Carlos Santana) #4 ITA, #11 GER
* 2007: "No Llores" (Gloria Estefan akishirikiana na Carlos Santana, Jose Feliciano and Sheila E.)
* 2007: "Into the Night (Santana song)|Into the Night" (akishirikiana na Chad Kroeger) #2 CAN, #5 South Africa #5 Italy, #19 Germany, #26 US
* 2008: "This Boy's Fire" (akishirikiana na Jennifer Lopez with Baby Bash)
* 2008: "Fuego en el Fuego" (Eros Ramazzotti akishirikiana na Carlos Santana) #19 Spain
'''Ilani:''' Single ya Smooth, [[Maria Maria]], na Into The Night kila moja imeorodheshwa katika Platinamu na [[:en:Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]].<ref name="SantanaSSearch">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Santana%20&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50 | title = RIAA Gold and Platinum Search for singles by Santana|accessdate=2008-10-09 |archivedate=2015-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924160428/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Santana%20&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50 }}</ref>
=== Video zake ===
* ''Carlos Santana--Influences'' (video)
* ''Sacred Fire. Live in Mexico.'' (video & DVD)
* ''Supernatural'' (video & DVD)
* ''Viva Santana'' (DVD)
* ''Santana Live By Request'' (DVD)
== Vyanzo ==
* ''Soul Sacrifice; The Carlos Santana Story'' Simon Leng 2000
* ''Space Between the Stars'' Deborah Santana 2004
* ''Rolling Stone'' "The Resurrection of Carlos Santana" Ben Fong Torres 1972
* ''New Musical Express'' "Spirit of Santana" Chris Charlesworth, Novemba 1973
* ''Guitar Player'' Magazine 1978
* ''Rolling Stone'' "The Epic Life of Carlos Santana" 2000
* ''Santana I'' - Sony Legacy Edition: liner notes
* ''Abraxas'' - Sony Legacy Edition: liner notes
* ''Santana III'' - Sony Legacy edition: liner notes
* ''Viva Santana'' - CBS CD release 1988; liner notes
* ''Power, Passion and Beauty - The Story of the Legendary Mahavishnu Orchestra'' Walter Kolosky 2006
* ''Best of Carlos Santana'' - Wolf Marshall 1996; introduction and interview
== Marejeo ==
{{Marejeo}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
{{Commons}}
* {{en}} [http://www.santana.com/ Tovuti rasmi]
* [http://www.santanafanclub.com Official Fan Club] {{Wayback|url=http://www.santanafanclub.com/ |date=20150703120312 }}
* [http://www.milagrofoundation.org/ Milagro Foundation]
* [http://www.bigbankhank.com/santana/index.html Cover & Tracklists] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bigbankhank.com/santana/index.html |date=20120125093608 }}
* [http://www.transitions.nu Transition, The Story of Santana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.transitions.nu/ |date=20080617135709 }}
* [http://www.modernguitars.com/archives/001973.html 2006 Carlos Santana Interview] {{Wayback|url=http://www.modernguitars.com/archives/001973.html |date=20070329010814 }}
* {{en}} [http://musicdb.laadhari.com/Santana/Maria-Maria/49634-lyrics.html#musicvideos Carlos santana's videos and lyrics] {{Wayback|url=http://musicdb.laadhari.com/Santana/Maria-Maria/49634-lyrics.html#musicvideos |date=20080421234757 }}
* [http://santana.lyrics.info/ Carlos Santana lyrics] {{Wayback|url=http://santana.lyrics.info/ |date=20080703171933 }} organized by album from
* [http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/artists/artist_page.php?id=855 Carlos Santana profile at World Music Central] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldmusiccentral.org/artists/artist_page.php?id=855 |date=20070313144510 }}
* [http://www.bmoretunes.com/?page_id=175 Carlos Santana interview at Bmore Tunes] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bmoretunes.com/?page_id=175 |date=20080611215100 }}
* [http://www.legacyrecordings.com/Santana.aspx Legacy Recordings] {{Wayback|url=http://www.legacyrecordings.com/Santana.aspx |date=20081007163036 }}
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0005396/ Internet Movie DataBase profile]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Santana, Carlos}}
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
[[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Grammy]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Muziki wa rock]]
0nq1t7noybafhcyzz92b7nj5lmdy0g0
Year of the Gentleman
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Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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{{Infobox album
| Jina = Year of the Gentleman
| Type = studio
| Msanii = [[Ne-Yo]]
| Cover = Ne-Yo - Year of The Gentleman.png
| Maelezo = Kasha ya albamu ya Year of the Gentleman
| Imetolewa = [[11 Septemba]] [[2008]]
| Imerekodiwa = 2007–2008
| Aina = [[R&B]]
| Urefu = 48:38
| Lugha = [[Kiingereza]]
| Studio = [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]
| Mtayarishaji = [[Ne-Yo]] <small>(mkuu.)</small><br/>[[Stargate]], Chuck Harmony, [[Polow da Don]], Kirven Arrington, Shea Taylor, [[Stereotypes]], Shomari "Sho" Wilson, Reggie "Scyience" Perry, [[J. R. Rotem]], Butter Beats
| Review = * [[:en:About.com|About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://randb.about.com/od/reviews/fr/NeYoGentleman.htm 2008]
* [[:en:Allmusic|Allmusic]] {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/year-of-the-gentleman-r1390194 2008]
* ''[[:en:Entertainment Weekly|Entertainment Weekly]]'' (B+) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20225095,00.html 2008]
* ''[[:en:The Guardian|The Guardian]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/sep/12/urbanreview.neyo?gusrc=rss&feed=culture 2008]
* ''[[:en:Los Angeles Times|Los Angeles Times]]'' {{Rating|3.5|4}} [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-recordrack16-2008sep16,0,7536833.story 2008]
* ''[[:en:Newsday|Newsday]]]'' (A-) [http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/ny-etdrops5843860sep16a,0,1346623.story 2008]
* ''[[:en:Rolling Stone|Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/22723958/review/22787161/year_of_the_gentleman 2008]
* ''[[:en:The Village Voice|The Village Voice]]'' (Positive) [http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-09-17/music/ne-yo-s-fantastic-r-b-finds-strength-in-vulnerability/ 2008]
* [[:en:Virgin Media|Virgin Media]] {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.virginmedia.com/music/reviews/albumreviews/neyo-yearofthegentleman.php 2008]
* ''[[:en:The Washington Times|The Washington Times]]'' (Negative) [http://washingtontimes.com/news/2008/sep/16/music-review-ne-yos-year-of-the-gentleman-1/ 2008]
| Compiler =
| Tarehe =
| Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Because of You (albamu ya Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]''<br>(2007)
| Albamu ya sasa = '''''Year of the Gentleman'''''<br>(2008)
| Albamu ijayo = ''Libra Scale''<br>(2010)
| Misc =
{{Singles
|Jina = Year of the Gentleman
|Type = Studio
|single 1 = [[Closer]]
|single 1 tarehe = 15 Aprili 2008
|single 2 = [[Miss Independent]]
|single 2 tarehe = 11 Agosti 2008
|single 3 = [[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]]
|single 3 tarehe = 14 Oktoba 2008
}}
}}
'''Year of the Gentleman''' ni albamu ya tatu ya [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo|mtunzi]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] - [[Ne-Yo]]. Albamu ilitoka mnamo tarehe [[16 Septemba]] ya mwaka wa [[2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|title=Neyo: Year of the Gentleman|work=Def Jam|accessdate=2008-06-30|archive-date=2008-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617001506/http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Nyimbo==
Wimbo wa kwanza ni "[[Closer]]", ambayo ilitolewa tarehe [[15 Aprili]]. Ilipoanza kuingia katika chati za UK ilipata kushika nafasi ya 22, na kisha baadaye ikaja kushika nafasi ya kwanza. Katika chati za Billboard Hot 100 bora, wimbo umepata kushika nafasi ya saba, wakati yenyewe imepata kushika nafasi kwanza katika nyimbo 100 bora zipigwazo sana katika maredio.
Wimbo wa pili, "[[Miss Independent]]", ulitolewa tarehe [[11 Agosti]]..<ref name=miss>[http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 New Ne-Yo Music - "Miss Independent"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 |date=20080828035908 }}
The album released 1 Septemba in UK according to Amazon.co.uk and 16 Septemba for the USA!</ref>Toleo rasmi la wimbo huo lilitolewa mnamo 21 Agosti likiwa limeambatana video yake. .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 |title=My "Miss Independent" Video Is Gonna Be Hot! |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2009-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108234050/http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 }}</ref>
Nyimbo hizi zote zilitungwa na kutayarishwa na Stargate.
Wimbo wa tatu, "Mad", ulitangazwa kupitia Urban/Rhythmic tarehe 14 Oktoba 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62Jk8gp91?url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |archivedate=2011-10-10 }}</ref> Kwa upande wa video tayari ishafanywa ya wimbo wa "She Got Her Own" na ndiyo utakaokuwa wimbo rasmi kimataifa.
==Orodha ya nyimbo==
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
!#
!Jina la wimbo
!Watayarishaji
!Muda
|-
|1
|"[[Closer]]"
|[[Stargate]] na [[Ne-Yo]]
|3:54
|-
|2
|"Nobody"
|[[Ne-Yo]]
|3:07
|-
|3
|"[[Single (wimbo wa New Kids on the Block na Ne-Yo)|Single]]"
|[[Polow da Don]]
|4:18
|-
|4
|"[[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]]"
|Stargate na Ne-Yo
|4:15
|-
|5
|"[[Miss Independent]]"
|Stargate na Ne-Yo
|3:52
|-
|6
|"Why Does She Stay"
|[[Stereotypes]]
|4:33
|-
|7
|"Fade into the Background"
|Shomari "Sho" Wilson
|3:18
|-
|8
|"So You Can Cry"
|Scyience
|4:18
|-
|9
|"[[Part of the List]]"
|Chuck Harmony
|4:10
|-
|10
|"Back to What You Know"
|Stargate na Ne-Yo
|4:10
|-
|11
|"Lie to Me"
|Shea Taylor
|4:27
|-
|12
|"Stop This World"
|Chuck Harmony
|4:24
|}
===Nyimbo za ziada===
{|border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
!Jina la wimbo
!Watayarishaji
!Muda
|-
|"In the Way" <small>(U.S. iTunes only)</small>
|[[J. R. Rotem]]
|4:16
|-
|"What's the Matter" <small>(U.S. iTunes Pre-Order; UK, Australia & Japan bonus track)</small>
|Chuck Harmony
|3:46
|-
|"She Got Her Own" <small>(akishirikiana na [[Jamie Foxx]] na [[Fabolous]])<br>(UK iTunes Pre-Order; nyimbo za ziada za Japan)</small>
|Butter Beats
|5:32
|-
|"[[So Sick]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small>
|[[Stargate]]
|3:27
|-
|"[[Because of You (wimbo wa Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small>
|[[Stargate]]
|3:46
|-
|"[[Sexy Love]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small>
|[[Stargate]]
|3:40
|}
==Chati==
{|class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chati (2008)
!align="center"|Nafasi<br/>iliyoshika
|-
|Australian [[:en:ARIA Charts|ARIA]] Albums Chart<ref name=acharts>[http://acharts.us/album/37772 Ne-Yo - Year Of The Gentleman - Music Charts] ''αCharts''. Accessed 25 Septemba 2008.</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|Austrian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|41
|-
|Belgium Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|35
|-
|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>[http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html Canoe -- Jam! Music SoundScan Charts]</ref>
|align="center"|4
|-
|Dutch Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|26
|-
|French Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|24
|-
|German Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|22
|-
|Irish Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|13
|-
|Italian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|22
|-
|Japanese Oricon Album Chart<ref name=Oricon/>
|align="center"|2
|-
|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|6
|-
|Swiss Albums Charts<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|9
|-
|[[UK Albums Chart]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |title=BBC - Radio 1 - Chart Show - The UK Top 40 Albums |accessdate=2012-05-25 |archive-date=2011-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111080848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|align="center"|2
|-
|U.S. [[:en:Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name=billboard/>
|align="center"|2
|-
|U.S. [[Billboard|''Billboard'']] [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref name=billboard/>
|align="center"|1
|}
==Historia ya matoleo==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Mkoa
!Nchi
!Tarehe
!Studio
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Asia]]
|[[Japan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universal-music.co.jp/u-pop/artist/ne-yo/disco/uicd6153.html|title=Ne-Yo:Year of the Gentleman|work=universal-music.co.jp|accessdate=2008-08-13|language=Japanese}}</ref>
|11 Septemba 2008
|Universal International
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Ulaya]]
|[[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |title=Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - CD |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120728124656/http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |archivedate=2012-07-28 }}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|12 Septemba 2008
|rowspan="2"|[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]
|-
|[[Italy]]<ref>[http://www.ibs.it/disco/0602517735620/ne-yo/year-the-gentleman.html?shop=2057 Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - disco di Ne-Yo]</ref>
|-
|[[Uingereza]]<ref>[http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?ctx=280;-1;-1;-1&sku=797787 Ne-yo - Year Of The Gentleman]</ref>
|15 Septemba 2008
|[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Marekani]]
|[[United States]]<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Year-Gentleman-Ne-Yo/dp/B0018QCXGO Year of the Gentleman: Ne-Yo: Music]</ref>
|16 Septemba 2008
|Def Jam
|-
|[[Brazil]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2011-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175147/http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 }}</ref>
|21 Oktoba 2008
|[[Universal Music]]
|}
==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}
{{Ne-Yo}}
[[Category:Albamu za 2008]]
[[Category:Albamu za Def Jam Recordings]]
[[Category:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Stargate]]
[[Category:Albamu za Ne-Yo]]
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{{Infobox album
| Jina = Year of the Gentleman
| Type = studio
| Msanii = [[Ne-Yo]]
| Cover = Ne-Yo - Year of The Gentleman.png
| Maelezo = Kasha ya albamu ya Year of the Gentleman
| Imetolewa = [[11 Septemba]] [[2008]]
| Imerekodiwa = 2007–2008
| Aina = [[R&B]]
| Urefu = 48:38
| Lugha = [[Kiingereza]]
| Studio = [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]
| Mtayarishaji = [[Ne-Yo]] <small>(mkuu.)</small><br/>[[Stargate]], Chuck Harmony, [[Polow da Don]], Kirven Arrington, Shea Taylor, [[Stereotypes]], Shomari "Sho" Wilson, Reggie "Scyience" Perry, [[J. R. Rotem]], Butter Beats
| Review = * [[:en:About.com|About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://randb.about.com/od/reviews/fr/NeYoGentleman.htm 2008]
* [[:en:Allmusic|Allmusic]] {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/year-of-the-gentleman-r1390194 2008]
* ''[[:en:Entertainment Weekly|Entertainment Weekly]]'' (B+) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20225095,00.html 2008]
* ''[[:en:The Guardian|The Guardian]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/sep/12/urbanreview.neyo?gusrc=rss&feed=culture 2008]
* ''[[:en:Los Angeles Times|Los Angeles Times]]'' {{Rating|3.5|4}} [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-recordrack16-2008sep16,0,7536833.story 2008]
* ''[[:en:Newsday|Newsday]]]'' (A-) [http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/ny-etdrops5843860sep16a,0,1346623.story 2008]
* ''[[:en:Rolling Stone|Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/22723958/review/22787161/year_of_the_gentleman 2008]
* ''[[:en:The Village Voice|The Village Voice]]'' (Positive) [http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-09-17/music/ne-yo-s-fantastic-r-b-finds-strength-in-vulnerability/ 2008]
* [[:en:Virgin Media|Virgin Media]] {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.virginmedia.com/music/reviews/albumreviews/neyo-yearofthegentleman.php 2008]
* ''[[:en:The Washington Times|The Washington Times]]'' (Negative) [http://washingtontimes.com/news/2008/sep/16/music-review-ne-yos-year-of-the-gentleman-1/ 2008]
| Compiler =
| Tarehe =
| Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Because of You (albamu ya Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]''<br>(2007)
| Albamu ya sasa = '''''Year of the Gentleman'''''<br>(2008)
| Albamu ijayo = ''Libra Scale''<br>(2010)
| Misc =
{{Singles
|Jina = Year of the Gentleman
|Type = Studio
|single 1 = [[Closer]]
|single 1 tarehe = 15 Aprili 2008
|single 2 = [[Miss Independent]]
|single 2 tarehe = 11 Agosti 2008
|single 3 = [[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]]
|single 3 tarehe = 14 Oktoba 2008
}}
}}
'''Year of the Gentleman''' ni albamu ya tatu ya [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo|mtunzi]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] - [[Ne-Yo]]. Albamu ilitoka mnamo tarehe [[16 Septemba]] ya mwaka wa [[2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|title=Neyo: Year of the Gentleman|work=Def Jam|accessdate=2008-06-30|archive-date=2008-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617001506/http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Nyimbo==
Wimbo wa kwanza ni "[[Closer]]", ambayo ilitolewa tarehe [[15 Aprili]]. Ilipoanza kuingia katika chati za UK ilipata kushika nafasi ya 22, na kisha baadaye ikaja kushika nafasi ya kwanza. Katika chati za Billboard Hot 100 bora, wimbo umepata kushika nafasi ya saba, wakati yenyewe imepata kushika nafasi kwanza katika nyimbo 100 bora zipigwazo sana katika maredio.
Wimbo wa pili, "[[Miss Independent]]", ulitolewa tarehe [[11 Agosti]]..<ref name=miss>[http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 New Ne-Yo Music - "Miss Independent"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 |date=20080828035908 }}
The album released 1 Septemba in UK according to Amazon.co.uk and 16 Septemba for the USA!</ref>Toleo rasmi la wimbo huo lilitolewa mnamo 21 Agosti likiwa limeambatana video yake. .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 |title=My "Miss Independent" Video Is Gonna Be Hot! |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2009-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108234050/http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 }}</ref>
Nyimbo hizi zote zilitungwa na kutayarishwa na Stargate.
Wimbo wa tatu, "Mad", ulitangazwa kupitia Urban/Rhythmic tarehe 14 Oktoba 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62Jk8gp91?url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |archivedate=2011-10-10 }}</ref> Kwa upande wa video tayari ishafanywa ya wimbo wa "She Got Her Own" na ndiyo utakaokuwa wimbo rasmi kimataifa.
==Orodha ya nyimbo==
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
!#
!Jina la wimbo
!Watayarishaji
!Muda
|-
|1
|"[[Closer]]"
|[[Stargate]] na [[Ne-Yo]]
|3:54
|-
|2
|"Nobody"
|[[Ne-Yo]]
|3:07
|-
|3
|"[[Single (wimbo wa New Kids on the Block na Ne-Yo)|Single]]"
|[[Polow da Don]]
|4:18
|-
|4
|"[[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]]"
|Stargate na Ne-Yo
|4:15
|-
|5
|"[[Miss Independent]]"
|Stargate na Ne-Yo
|3:52
|-
|6
|"Why Does She Stay"
|[[Stereotypes]]
|4:33
|-
|7
|"Fade into the Background"
|Shomari "Sho" Wilson
|3:18
|-
|8
|"So You Can Cry"
|Scyience
|4:18
|-
|9
|"[[Part of the List]]"
|Chuck Harmony
|4:10
|-
|10
|"Back to What You Know"
|Stargate na Ne-Yo
|4:10
|-
|11
|"Lie to Me"
|Shea Taylor
|4:27
|-
|12
|"Stop This World"
|Chuck Harmony
|4:24
|}
===Nyimbo za ziada===
{|border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;"
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center"
!Jina la wimbo
!Watayarishaji
!Muda
|-
|"In the Way" <small>(U.S. iTunes only)</small>
|[[J. R. Rotem]]
|4:16
|-
|"What's the Matter" <small>(U.S. iTunes Pre-Order; UK, Australia & Japan bonus track)</small>
|Chuck Harmony
|3:46
|-
|"She Got Her Own" <small>(akishirikiana na [[Jamie Foxx]] na [[Fabolous]])<br>(UK iTunes Pre-Order; nyimbo za ziada za Japan)</small>
|Butter Beats
|5:32
|-
|"[[So Sick]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small>
|[[Stargate]]
|3:27
|-
|"[[Because of You (wimbo wa Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small>
|[[Stargate]]
|3:46
|-
|"[[Sexy Love]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small>
|[[Stargate]]
|3:40
|}
==Chati==
{|class="wikitable"
!align="left"|Chati (2008)
!align="center"|Nafasi<br/>iliyoshika
|-
|Australian [[:en:ARIA Charts|ARIA]] Albums Chart<ref name=acharts>[http://acharts.us/album/37772 Ne-Yo - Year Of The Gentleman - Music Charts] ''αCharts''. Accessed 25 Septemba 2008.</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|Austrian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|41
|-
|Belgium Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|35
|-
|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>[http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html Canoe -- Jam! Music SoundScan Charts]</ref>
|align="center"|4
|-
|Dutch Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|26
|-
|French Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|24
|-
|German Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|22
|-
|Irish Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|13
|-
|Italian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|22
|-
|Japanese Oricon Album Chart<ref name=Oricon/>
|align="center"|2
|-
|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|6
|-
|Swiss Albums Charts<ref name=acharts/>
|align="center"|9
|-
|[[UK Albums Chart]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |title=BBC - Radio 1 - Chart Show - The UK Top 40 Albums |accessdate=2012-05-25 |archive-date=2011-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111080848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|align="center"|2
|-
|U.S. [[:en:Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name=billboard/>
|align="center"|2
|-
|U.S. [[Billboard|''Billboard'']] [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref name=billboard/>
|align="center"|1
|}
==Historia ya matoleo==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Mkoa
!Nchi
!Tarehe
!Studio
|-
|rowspan="1"|[[Asia]]
|[[Japan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universal-music.co.jp/u-pop/artist/ne-yo/disco/uicd6153.html|title=Ne-Yo:Year of the Gentleman|work=universal-music.co.jp|accessdate=2008-08-13|language=Japanese}}</ref>
|11 Septemba 2008
|Universal International
|-
|rowspan="3"|[[Ulaya]]
|[[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |title=Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - CD |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120728124656/http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |archivedate=2012-07-28 }}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|12 Septemba 2008
|rowspan="2"|[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]]
|-
|[[Italy]]<ref>[http://www.ibs.it/disco/0602517735620/ne-yo/year-the-gentleman.html?shop=2057 Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - disco di Ne-Yo]</ref>
|-
|[[Uingereza]]<ref>[http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?ctx=280;-1;-1;-1&sku=797787 Ne-yo - Year Of The Gentleman]</ref>
|15 Septemba 2008
|[[Mercury Records|Mercury]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[Marekani]]
|[[United States]]<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Year-Gentleman-Ne-Yo/dp/B0018QCXGO Year of the Gentleman: Ne-Yo: Music]</ref>
|16 Septemba 2008
|Def Jam
|-
|[[Brazil]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2011-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175147/http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 }}</ref>
|21 Oktoba 2008
|[[Universal Music]]
|}
==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}
{{Ne-Yo}}
[[Category:Albamu za 2008]]
[[Category:Albamu za Def Jam Recordings]]
[[Category:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Stargate]]
[[Category:Albamu za Ne-Yo]]
1f49u3ojc4v1dc1kbp5glrfcecf8je1
Yosefu (mume wa Maria)
0
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InternetArchiveBot
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[[Picha:Casamento - perugino1.jpg|thumb|right|220px|''Arusi ya Bikira Maria'' ya [[Perugino]].]]
[[Picha:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 003.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Familia takatifu]] pamoja na [[Roho Mtakatifu]] walivyochorwa na [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]], [[1675]]-[[1682]].]]
[[Picha:Gentile da Fabriano 029.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Mt. Yosefu akiwa usingizini alivyochorwa na [[Gentile da Fabriano]].]]
{{Yesu Kristo}}
'''Yosefu''' (kwa [[Kiebrania]] יוֹסֵף, "Yosef"; kwa [[Kigiriki]] Ἰωσήφ), kadiri ya [[Injili]], alikuwa [[mume]] wa [[Bikira Maria]] na [[baba]] mlishi wa [[Yesu Kristo]] ambao pamoja naye waliunda [[Familia takatifu]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/20200</ref>.
== Maisha ==
[[Injili ya Mathayo]] (13:5) inamsifu kwa [[Adili|uadilifu]] wake na kumtaja kama "''fundi''" (kwa [[Kigiriki]] téktón). Lakini inasema pia (sawa na [[Injili ya Luka]]) kuwa alitoka katika [[ukoo]] wa [[mfalme Daudi]]. Ndiye aliyetunza [[familia]] hiyo kwa [[kazi]] ya [[Mkono|mikono]] yake na kumfundisha [[Utoto wa Yesu|mtoto Yesu]] kufanya kazi za kibinadamu.
Injili na [[imani]] ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] zinasisitiza kuwa baba halisi wa [[Yesu]] alikuwa [[Mungu]] mwenyewe: Maria alimchukua [[mimba]] kwa [[muujiza]] uliosababishwa na [[Roho Mtakatifu]].
[[Picha:Sueño de José, por José Luzán.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Ndoto ya Mt. Yosefu, mchoro wa [[Josè Luzan]]]]
Yosefu, kisha kujulishwa juu ya [[mimba]] hiyo, alikubali kumchukua [[mchumba]] wake [[Nyumba|nyumbani]] na kumtambua [[Mwana|mwanae]] kuwa ni wa kwake ingawa hakuwahi [[Tendo la ndoa|kujamiiana]] naye. Hivyo alitunza [[heshima]] ya [[mama]] na [[mtoto]] na kuwahakikishia [[ulinzi]] katika [[jamii]] inayojali zaidi [[wanaume]].
Miezi baadaye yeye na Maria walikwenda [[Bethlehemu]] kwa ajili ya [[sensa]], na ndipo [[Krismasi|Yesu alipozaliwa]] [[Pango la Noeli|pangoni]] na kulazwa [[hori|horini]].
Wakati huo Yosefu alishuhudia ujio wa [[wachungaji]] waliokuja kumuabudu mtoto kadiri ya tangazo la [[malaika]] waliowatokea.
Kadiri ya [[Torati]] ya [[Musa]], [[siku]] [[nane]] baada ya mtoto kuzaliwa, Yosefu alimpa mtoto [[jina]] wakati wa [[tohara|kutahiriwa]], na siku [[arubaini]] baadaye alimpeleka [[hekalu]]ni [[Yerusalemu]] ili kumtolea Mungu kama mtoto wa kiume wa kwanza. Ndipo wazee [[Simeoni (Injili)|Simeoni]] na [[Anna binti Fanueli]] walipotoa [[utabiri]] juu ya Yesu.
Baada ya [[mamajusi]] kuwatembelea Bethehemu, wanafamilia walikimbilia [[Misri]] ili kukwepa [[dhuluma]] ya [[mfalme]] [[Herode Mkuu]] aliyetaka kumuua mtoto kwa kuogopa atampindua baadaye.
Kisha wakarudi [[Nazareti]] ([[Galilaya]]) ambapo Yesu alikua vizuri chini ya wazee wake.
Yesu alipokuwa na [[umri]] wa miaka kumi na miwili, wote watatu walikwenda [[Hija|kuhiji]] Yerusalemu kwa [[Pasaka]]. Wakati wa kurudi, mtoto alibaki [[Mji|mjini]] akapatikana tena siku ya [[tatu]] akiwa [[Hekalu la Yerusalemu|hekaluni]] kati ya [[walimu wa sheria]], akitokeza [[hekima]] yake. Alipoulizwa na Maria kuhusu mwenendo wake, mtoto alionyesha kujitambua si mwana wa Yosefu, bali wa Mungu. Hata hivyo alizidi kumheshimu na kumtii yeye kama baba pamoja na Mama Maria.
Baada ya taarifa hiyo, hakuna tena habari juu ya Yosefu, hivi kwamba wengi wanajiuliza kuhusu [[kifo]] chake na kuhisi kilikuwa kimeshatukia Yesu alipoanza [[utume]] wake.
== Heshima baada ya kifo ==
Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]], [[Waorthodoksi]] na [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] kama [[mtakatifu]].
Heshima hiyo ilizidi kukua hasa [[Ukristo wa Magharibi|magharibi]] kadiri ulivyozingatiwa [[ubinadamu]] wa Yesu.
Hatimaye alitangazwa na [[Papa|Mapapa]] kuwa [[msimamizi]] wa [[Kanisa]] lote kwa jinsi alivyosimamizi vizuri [[familia takatifu]] na katika [[karne ya 20]] na [[Karne ya 21|ya 21]] [[jina]] lake limeingizwa katika [[Anafora|sala za ekaristi zote]] za [[liturujia ya Roma]].
[[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[19 Machi]], mbali ya [[kumbukumbu]] yake kama [[kazi|mfanyakazi]] tarehe [[1 Mei]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref> iliyoongezwa na [[Papa Pius XII]] mwaka [[1955]] ili kuwapa kielelezo na msimamizi wafanyakazi [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] wanaosherehekea siku hiyo pamoja na wenzao wa sehemu nyingi za [[dunia]] [[Sikukuu ya kazi]] <ref>John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 152-153</ref> <ref>Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 129-130</ref>
== Picha ==
<!--NOTE: These images are time-ordered, one per episode.-->
<gallery>
File:Albrecht Dürer 029.jpg|Yosefu na [[Yohakimu]], kadiri ya [[Dürer]], 1504
File:Robert Campin 010.jpg|Yosefu kazini, katika [[altare]] ya [[Mérode]], miaka ya 1420
File:Rembrandt van Rijn 195.jpg|Ndoto ya Yosefu, kadiri ya [[Rembrandt]], 1645 hivi
File:Casamento - perugino1.jpg|Ndoa na Bikira, kadiri ya [[Pietro Perugino|Perugino]], 1448 hivi
File:Marten de vos Nativity.jpg|[[Noeli|Kuzaliwa kwa Yesu]], kadiri ya [[Marten de Vos]] 1577
File:Hans Memling 028.jpg|[[Ibada ya Mamajusi]], kadiri ya [[Hans Memling]], 1480 hivi
File:Presentation in the Temple. Bartolo di Fredi..jpg|[[Yesu kutolewa hekaluni]], kadiri ya [[Bartolo di Fredi|di Fredi]], 1388
File:Daniele Crespi - Saint Joseph’s dream (Kunsthstorisches Museum Wien).jpg|Ndoto ya kukimbilia [[Misri]], kadiri ya [[Daniele Crespi]], 1625 hivi
File:Flight into Egypt - Capella dei Scrovegni - Padua 2016.jpg|Kukimbilia Misri, kadiri ya [[Giotto]], karne ya 14
File:Enkhuisen Book of Hours (folio 39v) excerpt.jpg|[[Kupatikana hekaluni]], [[Breviari]] ya karne ya 15
File:Vitrail Florac 010609 02 Mort de Joseph.jpg|Kifo cha Yosefu, [[St. Martin's at Florac]]
File:Coronación_de_San_José_Valdés_Leal.jpg|Yosefu kutiwa [[taji]], [[Juan de Valdés Leal|Valdés Leal]], 1670 hivi
</gallery>
== Katika muziki ==
* Nicolas Chadeville (1696 - 176?): Joseph est bien Marié, a choral composition (1755)
* [[The Killers]]: [[Joseph, Better You Than Me]] (2007)
==Tazama pia==
*[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]]
* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]]
==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}
==Marejeo ya Kiswahili==
* Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 94-96
* John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 96-97
* Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 80-82
* Maurice Soseleje, Kalendari yetu – Maisha ya Watakatifu – Toleo la pili – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – Peramiho 1986 – ISBN 9976-63-112-X, uk. 30
== Marejeo ya lugha nyingine==
[[Picha:Mariahilf Church 002-2.jpg|thumb|right|Mt. Yosefu (Mariahilfer Kirche, [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]).]]
* [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=kgRV7QohACcC&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&dq=Encyclopedia+of+early+Christianity,+Volume+1&source=bl&ots=VAG1gwcSwt&sig=LU5D7ZAxiO2ev-MIuX8sulfWVlE&hl=en&ei=h7QcTJrmCdCpcdjC2IIN&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false Verett Ferguson, Michael P. McHugh, Frederick W. Norris, "Encyclopedia of early Christianity, Volume 1", article ''Joseph'', p.629]
* [[John Dominic Crossan|Crossan, John Dominic]]. ''Jesus : A Revolutionary Biography''. Harpercollins: 1994. ISBN 0-06-061661-X.
* [[John Dickson (author)|Dickson, John.]] ''Jesus: A Short Life'', Lion Hudson plc, 2008, ISBN 0-8254-7802-2, ISBN 978-0-8254-7802-4, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_pBTI3VmPn8C&pg=PA47&dq=Jesus+tekton&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=oTbqSeyMHoKqzgSDzdjWCA Google Books]
* Fiensy, David A.; ''Jesus the Galilean: soundings in a first century life'', Gorgias Press LLC, 2007, ISBN 1-59333-313-7, ISBN 978-1-59333-313-3, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VZ6N-zVfTgkC&pg=PA26&dq=Jesus+tekton&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=pzrqSeHoM56GyATL4fAk#PPR7,M1 Google books] {{Wayback|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VZ6N-zVfTgkC&pg=PA26&dq=Jesus+tekton&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=pzrqSeHoM56GyATL4fAk#PPR7,M1 |date=20150511224745 }}
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article]
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/306336/Saint-Joseph|Saint Joseph]. (2010). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 7 Mei 2010, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
* [http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-of-st-joseph-catholic-church-saint-and-father-to-jesus-christ.html The Life of St. Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary and foster-father of Our Lord Jesus Christ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholicrevelations.com/category/saints/the-life-of-st-joseph-catholic-church-saint-and-father-to-jesus-christ.html |date=20140820162307 }}
* [http://saints.sqpn.com/saintj01.htm Saint Joseph] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintj01.htm |date=20140301082043 }} at Patron Saints Index
* [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4 Catholic Online Saints: St. Joseph]* [http://www.serfes.org/lives/stjoseph.htm Eastern Orthodox Tradition: The Righteous Elder Joseph The Betrothed, And His Repose]{{Wayback|url=http://www.serfes.org/lives/stjoseph.htm |date=20120320065710 }}
* [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=85 Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]] for the Sunday after Nativity
* [http://www.fairytalechannel.org/2009_12_11_archive.html Translation of Grimm's Legend No. 1 Saint Joseph in the Forest] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fairytalechannel.org/2009_12_11_archive.html |date=20161206032251 }}
* [http://www.earlychristians.org/docs_interest/Vocation_St_Joseph.html The vocation of Saint Joseph] {{Wayback|url=http://www.earlychristians.org/docs_interest/Vocation_St_Joseph.html |date=20131026050137 }} at Early Christians
{{Bikira Maria}}
{{Mbegu-mtu-Biblia}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 1 KK]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 1]]
[[Jamii:Watu wa Biblia]]
[[Jamii:Manabii wa Agano Jipya]]
[[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Israeli]]
[[Jamii:Wayahudi]]
cyebax26ln1treuyqpf2kqsyr0o8ir8
Zakaria Kibona
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{{Football player infobox
| jinalamchezaji = Zakaria Kibona
| picha =
| jinakamili = Zakaria Kibona
| tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1990|3|14|df=yes}}
| mjialiozaliwa = [[Dar es salaam]]
| nchialiozaliwa = [[Tanzania]]
| urefu = Sentmita 180
| nafasi = Mshambuliaji
| klabuyasasa = [[Atlantis FC]]
| nambayaklabu =14
| miakayavijana =
| klabuzavijana = [[Atlantis FC]]
| miaka = [[2008]]
| vilabu = [[Atlantis FC]]
| magolialioshinda = 29 (2)
| miakayataifa = 2000-2004<br>2004-<br>2006-
| timuyataifa = [[Tanzania national football team|Tanzania U-15]]<br>[[Tanzania national football team|Tanzania U-17]]<br>[[Tanzania national football team|Tanzania]]
| nationalcaps(goals) = 23 (10)<br>14 (1)<br>15 (0)
| pcupdate = [[14 Machi]] [[2008]]
| ntupdate = [[14 Machi]] [[2008]]
}}
''' Zakaria Kibona''' (alizaliwa [[14 Machi]] [[1990]], jijini [[Dar es Salaam]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]], ambaye kwa sasa anaichezea [[klabu]] ya [[Atlantis FC]] inayoshiriki katika ligi ya pili ya [[Ufini]] katika [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Helsinki]] nchini [[Ufini]].
==Kuanza kwake mpira Ufini==
Zakaria ni mshambuliaji matata wa kati ambaye alijiunga na Atlantis FC ya vijana mwaka 2002 na alicheza na klabu hiyo hadi mwaka 2007 baada ya kocha wa klabu ya Atlantis FC ya watu wakubwa kuomba apandishwe katika timu ya wakubwa na baadae alionekana kuwa ni mchezaji mzuri ambae kwa sasa anacheza mechi nyingi nakuwa kiungo muhimu wa timu hiyo.
===Timu ya Taifa ya Tanzania===
Bwana Zakaria Kibona aliichezea [[timu ya taifa ya Tanzania]] ya vijana wa umri mdogo ya miaka 15 na miaka 17 kabla ya mwaka 2006 kuitwa kuichezea timu ya Taifa ya [[Tanzania]] ya watu wakubwa na kwa sasa anamechi 15 na timu ya Taifa hiyo ya Tanzania.
==Uraia wake==
Zakariba Kibona ana uraia wa nchi ya [[Tanzania]] na [[Ufini]] na alipata uraia wa [[Ufini]] kwani mchezaji huyo alienda [[Ulaya]] akiwa na umri mdogo nakukaa huko muda mrefu, na sio yeye tu ambae alichukua uraia katika wachezaji mpira kuna wachezaji mashuhuri ambao walichukua uraia kutokana na maslahi yao fulani kama kulipa ushuru au mengine na baadhi yao ni kama vile [[Ronaldinho]], [[Samuel Eto'o]] na wengine pia.
==Zawadi==
Kuchukua ubingwa pindi alipokua akichezea Atlantis FC ya vijana mwaka 2006 katika mashindano ya vijana.
==Viongo vya nje==
* [http://www.atlantisfc.fi/fudis/akatemia/14d.htm Kuhusu mchezaji katika klabu yake na baadhi ya picha zake]
* [http://www.playerhistory.com/player/129429/ Mchezaji huyu katika tovuti ya Playerhistory]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibona, Zakaria}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji Mpira wa Afrika ya Mashariki]]
iv29b9vaawx8aoxrpempo2mxx41kvhv
That's the Way It Is
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{{Infobox single
| Jina = That's The Way It Is
| Cover = Ttwii1.jpg
| Msanii = [[Celine Dion|Céline Dion]]
| Albamu = [[All the Way… A Decade of Song]]
| Imetolewa = [[1 Novemba]] [[1999]]
| Muundo = [[CD single]], [[:en:12-inch single|12" single]]
| Imerekodiwa = Paradise Sounds, Cheiron Studios
| Aina = [[Pop]]
| Urefu = 4:01
| Studio = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]], [[Epic Records|Epic]]
| Mtunzi = [[Max Martin]], [[Kristian Lundin]], [[Andreas Carlsson]]
| Mtayarishaji = Max Martin, Kristian Lundin
| Certification = Platinamu <small>(Sweden)</small><br />Dhahabu<small>(Australia, Ubelgiji, Ujerumani)</small><br />Fedha<small>(Ufaransa)</small>
| Single iliyopita = "Dans un autre monde" <br />(1999)
| Single ya sasa = "That's the Way It Is" <br />(1999)
| Single ijayo = "Then You Look at Me" <br />(1999)
|
}}
"'''That's the Way It Is'''" ni single kiongozi katika albamu ya [[Celine Dion|Céline Dion]] ya muziki mchanganyiko ya ''[[All the Way… A Decade of Song]]'', iliyotolewa mnamo tar. [[1 Novemba]] [[1999]].<ref>{{cite book | author=Glatzer, Jenna| title=Céline Dion: For Keeps | url=https://archive.org/details/celinedionforkee0000glat| publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing| year=2005 | isbn=0-7407-5559-5}}</ref>
Ilitungwa na kutayarishwa chini ya kikosi cha watayarishaji wa Kisweden [[Max Martin]] na [[Kristian Lundin]], ambao wamewahi kuandika vibao vikali vya wasanii kama vile [['N Sync]], [[Backstreet Boys]] na [[Britney Spears]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.celinedion.com/celinedion/english/music.cgi?album_id=14&song_id=10 |title=Céline Dion<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213140734/http://www.celinedion.com/celinedion/english/music.cgi?album_id=14&song_id=10 |archivedate=2007-12-13 }}</ref> Céline Dion aliimba wimbo huu laivu na kundi zima la muziki wa pop na R&B la 'N Sync, wakati wa kipindi chake maalum cha TV ya [[:en:CBS|CBS]] mnamo 1999.
Pia alishawahi kuumba wimbo huu tena wa "That's the Way It Is" kunako 1999 wakati wa ugawaji wa Tuzo za Billboard maarufu kama [[Billboard Music Award]]s na pia mwishoni mwa sherehe za [[Let's Talk About Love Tour]].
==Muundo na orodha ya nyimbo==
'''Australia/Ulaya/Japani/UK CD single'''
# "That's the Way It Is" – 4:01
# "I Met an Angel (On Christmas Day)" – 3:20
'''Australian/Ulaya/UK CD maxi single'''
# "That's the Way It Is" – 4:01
# "I Met an Angel (On Christmas Day)" – 3:20
# "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" (live) – 5:23
'''UK CD maxi single #2'''
# "That's the Way It Is" – 4:01
# "That's the Way It Is" (Metro club remix) – 5:28
# "Another Year Has Gone By" – 3:24
'''U.S. CD maxi single'''
# "That's the Way It Is" – 4:01
# "That's the Way It Is" (Metro club remix) – 5:28
# "[[I Want You to Need Me]]" ([[Thunderpuss]] radio mix) – 4:32
# "I Want You to Need Me" (Thunderpuss club mix) – 8:10
==Toleo rasmi==
# "That's the Way It Is" (Metro mix edit) – 3:12
# "That's the Way It Is" (Metro mix) – 3:20
# "That's the Way It Is" (Metro club remix) – 5:28
# "That's the Way It Is" (toleo la albamu) – 4:01
==Chati==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!align="left"|Chati (1999)
!align="center"|Nafasi<br />iliyoshika
|-
|align="left"|Australian Singles Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/chartifacts.htm Australian Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|14
|-
|align="left"|Austrian Singles Chart<ref>[http://oe3.orf.at/charts/ Austrian Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|8
|-
|align="left"|Belgian Flanders Singles Chart<ref>[http://www.ultratop.be/nl/weekchart.asp?cat=s Belgian Flanders Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|Belgian Wallonia Singles Chart<ref>[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/weekchart.asp?cat=s Belgian Wallonia Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|Canadian Singles Chart<ref>[http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/SINGLES.html Canadian Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|13
|-
|align="left"|Canadian Adult Contemporary Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.radioandrecords.com/Formats/Charts/Canada_AC_Chart.asp |title=Canadian Adult Contemporary Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2009-02-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214182611/http://www.radioandrecords.com/Formats/Charts/Canada_AC_Chart.asp }}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|-
|align="left"|Dutch Singles Chart<ref>[http://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=s Dutch Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|European Singles Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=European+Hot+100+Singles |title=European Singles Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2009-05-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525060721/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=European+Hot+100+Singles }}</ref>
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Finnish Singles Chart<ref>[http://www.yle.fi/lista/listat/albumit.php Finnish Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|4
|-
|align="left"|French Singles Chart
|align="center"|6
|-
|align="left"|German Singles Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.worldcharts.co.uk/world%20charts/germany.htm |title=German Singles Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archive-date=2010-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821222725/http://www.worldcharts.co.uk/world%20charts/germany.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|align="center"|8
|-
|align="left"|Irish Singles Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.irma.ie/aucharts.asp |title=Irish Singles Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/63bnsE67I?url=http://www.irma.ie/aucharts.asp |archivedate=2011-12-01 }}</ref>
|align="center"|12
|-
|align="left"|Italian Singles Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=3 |title=Italian Singles Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050301091055/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=3 |archivedate=2005-03-01 }}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|New Zealand Singles Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=New Zealand Singles Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archivedate=2007-06-21 |https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |=https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp }}</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|Norwegian Singles Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Singles Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722125118/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2012-07-22 }}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|Spanish Singles Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=Spanish Singles Chart |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|Swedish Singles Chart<ref>[http://swedishcharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=s Swedish Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|2
|-
|align="left"|Swiss Singles Chart<ref>[http://hitparade.ch/weekchart.asp?cat=s Swiss Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|5
|-
|align="left"|UK Singles Chart<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_singles.php UK Singles Chart]</ref>
|align="center"|12
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=The+Billboard+Hot+100 |title=Billboard Hot 100 |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2008-01-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106162106/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=The+Billboard+Hot+100 }}</ref>
|align="center"|6
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Hot+Adult+Contemporary+Tracks |title=Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2009-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205003911/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Hot+Adult+Contemporary+Tracks }}</ref>
|align="center"|1
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Hot+Adult+Top+40+Tracks |title=Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2008-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621091521/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Hot+Adult+Top+40+Tracks }}</ref>
|align="center"|5
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot Dance Singles Sales<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Hot+Dance+Singles+Sales |title=Hot Dance Singles Sales |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2009-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512153045/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Hot+Dance+Singles+Sales }}</ref>
|align="center"|7
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Hot Latin Pop Airplay<ref>[http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentsingles.jsp Hot Latin Pop Airplay]</ref>
|align="center"|19
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Latin Tropical Airplay<ref>[http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/currentsingles.jsp Latin Tropical Airplay]</ref>
|align="center"|17
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Rhythmic Top 40<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/top40_index.jsp |title=Rhythmic Top 40 |accessdate=2012-05-25 |archive-date=2009-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529041006/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/top40_index.jsp |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|align="center"|40
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Top 40 Mainstream<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Mainstream+Top+40 |title=Top 40 Mainstream |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2009-05-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520035709/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Mainstream+Top+40 }}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|-
|align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Top 40 Tracks<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Pop+100+Airplay |title=Top 40 Tracks |accessdate=2009-02-13 |archivedate=2009-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205003847/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Singles&f=Pop+100+Airplay }}</ref>
|align="center"|3
|}
==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}
[[Jamii:Nyimbo za Celine Dion]]
[[Jamii:Nyimbo za 1999]]
[[Jamii:Nyimbo zilizotungwa na Max Martin]]
1w0xszz5cc235vg5o7fthc7olqdm674
Uigizaji wa sauti
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'''Uigizaji wa sauti''' ni sanaa ya kutoa au kuigizia sauti ya uhusika wa [[katuni]] (ikiwemo na sauti za kwenye filamu, mfululizo wa televisheni, katuni fupifupi, na [[video games]])redio na maigizo ya sauti na vichekesho, kufanyia sauti juu yake kwenye [[redio]] na televisheni, michezo ya redio, kuigizia sauti za washiriki wa kwenye filamu za lugha za kigeni, [[video game]]s, maonyesho ya [[kikaragosi|vikaragosi]].
==Viungo vya Nje==
[http://www.audiofarm.org/audiofiles/genre/Voice%20Acting Voice Acting - Creative Commons Audio] {{Wayback|url=http://www.audiofarm.org/audiofiles/genre/Voice%20Acting |date=20090501131750 }}
* [http://voiceactors.wordpress.com/ Voice Actors in the News]
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/voice_actor_appreciation/ The Voice Actor Appreciation Society (Yahoo Groups and Facebook)] {{Wayback|url=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/voice_actor_appreciation/ |date=20090805170123 }}
* [http://voicechasers.com/ Voice Chasers] {{Wayback|url=http://voicechasers.com/ |date=20090106225957 }}
{{mbegu-utamaduni}}
[[Jamii:Uigizaji]]
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UK Singles Chart
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[[Picha:Nobel Peace Prize Concert 2009 Westlife2.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Westlife]]
'''UK Singles Chart''' ni chati inayotolewa na [[The Official UK Charts Company]] (OCC) kwa niaba ya soko la rekodi za Kiingereza. Chati huendeshwa katika wiki huanza Jumapili hadi Jumamosi, pamoja na chati zilizochapishwa kwenye jarida la muziki la [[Music Week]] (75 Bora tu), [[ChartsPlus]] (200 Bora), na kuchapishwa tena mtandaoni kwenye matovuti mbalimbali (hasa zile za 40 Bora tu, basi). Takriban 6,500 mauzo ya rejareja ya UK hutoa ripoti ya mauzo, vilevile na yale maduka ya mtandaoni ya UK pia hutoa ripoti hizo. Hii iko tofauti kidogo na Marekani, hazitumiki takwimu za kupigwa sana maredioni na kwenye TV kuwa kama tumio rasmi la kuanisha nani mkali wa UK Singles Chart. Mara nyingi single za UK hutolewa madukani katika siku ya Jumatatu.
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [http://www.theofficialcharts.com/ The Official UK Charts Company]
* [http://www.musicweek.com/ Music Week ] Top 75
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050306040828/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/top40/ BBC Radio 1] Top 40
* [http://www.everyhit.com/ everyHit.com] Top 40
* [http://www.chartbuy.com/ ChartBuy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chartbuy.com/ |date=20090827003943 }} Top 20
* [http://www.hit40uk.com/ hit40uk] (OCC "Hit 40" charts for ILR radio stations)
* [http://www.zobbel.de/bdc/BDC1.pdf British Chart Books Classified]
* [http://www.zobbel.de/ Chart Log UK 1994-2007] Top 200
* [http://www.polyhex.com Search any British chart run on the singles chart] Top 75
* [http://www.UKPopCharts.co.uk/ UKPopCharts.co.uk] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ukpopcharts.co.uk/ |date=20210509064157 }} Top 40
* [http://www.number-ones.co.uk/ UK Number Ones] 1952-Present
{{mbegu-muziki}}
[[Jamii:Vipindi vya chati]]
[[Jamii:Uingereza]]
8xcozbs5eoshm4rzx1supp2dv37fwe7
Uwanja wa Ndege wa Wilson (Kenya)
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{{Infobox airport
| name = Uwanja wa Ndege wa Wilson
| nativename = Wilson Airport
| nativename-a =
| nativename-r =
| image =
| image-width =
| caption =
| IATA = WIL
| ICAO = HKNW
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = Kenya Airports Authority
| city-served =
| location = Nairobi
| elevation-f = 5,536
| elevation-m = 1,687
| coordinates = {{Coord|01|19|18|S|36|48|54|E|type:airport_region:KE}}
| website =
| metric-elev = yes
| metric-rwy = yes
| r1-number = 14/32
| r1-length-f = 5,052
| r1-length-m = 1,540
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| r2-number = 07/25
| r2-length-f = 4,798
| r2-length-m = 1,462
| r2-surface = [[Asphalt]]
| stat-year =
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data =
| stat2-header =
| stat2-data =
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:Fokker50 Nairobi.jpg|thumb|[[Fokker 50]].]]
'''Uwanja wa Ndege wa Wilson''' uko kilomita tano kusini mwa [[jiji]] la [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]], karibu na vitongoji vya Langata, South C na [[Kibera]].
Uwanja huo wa ndege umekuwa ukitumika tangu 1933. Ulikuwa uwanja mkuu wa ndege hadi kufunguliwa kwa [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta]]. Uwanja huo wa ndege unatumika kwa safari za kimataifa pamoja na za ndani ya nchi. Inatumika zaidi na ndege ndogo. Sekta zinazotumia huduma zake sana ni za utalii, huduma za afya na kilimo. Uwanja huo wa ndege una wastani ya 120,000 ya ndege zinazoshuka na kupaa kwa mwaka. [[Airkenya]] na [[kampuni]] nyingine ndogo za ndege zinatumia uwanja wa Wilson kwa huduma za [[abiria]] za ndani ya nchi, badala ya Uwanja wa Jomo Kenyatta ambao ni uwanja mkuu wa ndege jijini Nairobi. Wamisionari wanaohudumu ndege kama AMREF, MAF na AIM AIR hutumia uwanja wa Wilson kama wigo wao wa Afrika. Uwanja huo wa ndege hutumiwa pia kwa mafunzo ya urubani. "[[Kenya Airports Authority]]" (KAA) viwanja vya Ndege ya Kenya ndio imedhibitiwa na mamlaka ya kuendesha uwanja huu wa ndege.
==Historia==
Uwanja huu wa ndege awali ulianzishwa mnamo mwaka wa 1933 kama [[Nairobi Aerodrome]], na ulikuwa ukitumika kwa usafirishaji wa angani wa barua na shirika la ndege la Imperial. Uwanja huo mara ukabadilishwa jina kuwa uwanja wa ndege wa Wilson mwaka wa 1962. Uwanja huo umechukua jina la Bibi [[Florence Kerr Wilson]], mmoja wa waanzilishi wa usafiri wa angani nchini Kenya.
==Kampuni za Ndege na Sehemu za Usafiri==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Shirika la Sehemu ya Usafiri
! Destination
|-
| Aero Kenya
| Eldoret
|-
| Airkenya Express
| Amboseli, Kilimanjaro, Lamu, Lewa Downs, Malindi, Masai Mara, Meru, Mombasa, Nanyuki, Samburu
|-
| ALS - Aircraft Leasing Services
| Loki, Rumbek, Juba
|-
|-
| Blue Bird Aviation (Kenya)
|
|-
| Delta Connection (Kenya)
| Juba, Yei, Rumbek
|-
| Safarilink Aviation
| Safarilink Aviation
|}
==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://www.kenyaairports.co.ke/kaa/airports/wilson/ Kenya Airports Authority, yaani Mamlaka ya Viwanja vya Ndege ya Kenya -Uwanja wa Wilson]{{Wayback|url=http://www.kenyaairports.co.ke/kaa/airports/wilson/ |date=20091127220432 }}
* [http://kenyawebcam.com/acea1 Kamera ya Mtandao ya Moja kwa Moja ya Uwanja wa Wilson]
* [http://www.aeroclubea.net/ Klabu ya Aero ya Afrika Mashariki] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aeroclubea.net/ |date=20091125212558 }}
* "[http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=KE84660&sch=HKNW Habari kuhusu uwanja wa ndege huko HKNW] {{Wayback|url=http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=KE84660&sch=HKNW |date=20110516115812 }}" katika World Aero Data. Data ni ya Oktoba 2006.. Source:"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF Habari kuhusu uwanja wa ndege huko DAFIF]"
* "[http://gc.kls2.com/airport/HKNW Habari kuhusu uwanja wa ndege huko HKNW]" huko Great Circle Mapper. Asili:"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF Habari kuhusu uwanja wa ndege huko DAFIF]" (mnamo Oktoba 2006).
* "[http://gc.kls2.com/airport/HKNW Hali ya anga ya HKNW]" huko Great Circle Mapper. Asili:"[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAFIF Habari kuhusu uwanja wa ndege huko DAFIF]" (mnamo Oktoba 2006).
* "[http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=WIL Historia ya ajali ya WIL] {{Wayback|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=WIL |date=20070929212019 }}" "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_Safety_Network "Aviation Safety Network", yaani Mtandao wa Usalama wa Uurubani]".
{{Mbegu-jio-KE}}
[[Jamii:Nairobi]]
[[Jamii:Viwanja vya ndege nchini Kenya]]
ho8942kcyz0qekajopk5tc6fu2i72v0
Ukoloni Mamboleo
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[[File:World 1898 empires colonies territory.png|thumb|right|300px|Falme na makoloni mwaka 1898.]]
[[File:Colonialism in 1945 updated legend.png|thumb|right|300px|Himaya na makoloni mwaka 1945]]
'''Ukoloni Mamboleo''' ni neno linalotumiwa na wakosoaji wa [[ukoloni]] kuelekezwa kwa [[nchi tajiri]] kuendelea kuingilia masuala ya [[nchi zinazoendelea]] baada ya ukoloni wenyewe kwisha kwa ukiukaji wa azimio la [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. Wanakosoa mataifa ya kibepari kuhusika na [[dhuluma]] katika [[biashara]] ya kisasa na yaliyokuwa makoloni.
Wakosoaji wanasisitiza kwamba [[wafanyabiashara]] binafsi na makampuni ya biashara ya kigeni huendelea kunyonya [[rasilimali]] za mataifa baada ya enzi ya ukoloni kama ilivyotekelezwa kutoka [[karne ya 16]] hadi [[karne ya 20]].
Katika matumizi mapana, Ukoloni Mamboleo huweza kumaanisha ule ushiriki wa nchi zenye nguvu katika mambo ya nguvu chini ya nchi; hii ni muhimu hasa [[Amerika kusini]].
Kwa maana hii, Ukoloni Mamboleo huweza kutaja aina ya kisasa ya ukoloni, [[uchumi]] wa [[ubeberu]]: kwamba mataifa yenye nguvu kuishi kama wakoloni, na tabia hii inafananishwa na ukoloni.
== Ukoloni Mamboleo na ubeberu ==
{{quote|"Kadiri ubeberu utakavyoishi, kwa umbile lake utatawala nchi nyingine. Leo utawala huo unaitwa Ukoloni Mamboleo."| [[Che Guevara]], [[mwanamapinduzi]], [[1965]] <ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1965/02/24.htm "At the Afro-Asian Conference in Algeria"] speech by [[Che Guevara]] to the Second Economic Seminar of Afro-Asian Solidarity in Algiers, Algeria on 24 Februari 1965</ref>}}
[[File:Kwame Nkrumah on a Soviet stamp (80th anniversary of his birth) 1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[rais]] wa kwanza wa [[Ghana]], na mmoja wa watunzi wa neno "Ukoloni Mamboleo": [[picha]] kwenye [[stempu]] ya [[Urusi]] (1972).]]
Neno Ukoloni Mamboleo lilianza kutumika, hasa kuhusu Afrika, baada ya mchakato wa kupata uhuru. Kisha kupata uhuru, baadhi ya viongozi wa kitaifa na makundi ya upinzani walisema kuwa nchi zao hazitakubali aina mpya ya ukoloni kutoka mataifa yaliyoendelea. Kwame Nkrumah, ambaye mwaka 1957 akawa kiongozi wa Ghana, aliwahi kufafanua Ukoloni Mamboleo katika moja ya [[vitabu]] vyake, "Ukoloni Mamboleo, Hatua ya Mwisho wa Ubeberu" (1965), ambacho ni kama ugani wa kile cha [[Lenin]] "Ubeberu, Hatua ya Mwisho wa Ubepari" ([[1916]]), ambamo Lenin anasema kuwa ubeberu wa [[karne ya 19]] unategemeana na mahitaji ya mfumo wa kibepari.
=== Harakati za Pan-Afrika na nchi zisizoegemea upande wowote ===
Ukoloni Mamboleo ulipata umaarufu baada ya mwanzo wa kupata uhuru kwingineko zaidi kwa kupitia shughuli za wasomi na viongozi wapya wa kujitegemea kutoka mataifa ya Afrika na harakati ya Pan-Africanist. Wengi wa viongozi hao walihudhuria [[Mkutano wa Bandung]] wa [[1955]], kupelekea uundwaji wa harakati za [[nchi zisizoegemea upande wowote]]. Mikutano ya All-African Peoples 'Conference (AAPC) mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1950]] na mapema [[miaka ya 1960]] kuenea Ukoloni Mamboleo kukosoa hii.
Katika [[Vita Baridi]], nchi zisizoegemea pande zozote, na mashirika kama vile Shirika la Mshikamano na Watu wa Asia, Afrika na Amerika vilitaja Ukoloni Mamboleo kama adui wa pamoja.
===Uhusiano wa Ufaransa na viongozi wa Afrika===
[[File:MacKenzieSlcu.jpg|thumb|right|Mamluki kama hawa wa Marekani na Uingereza walitumika kupindua serikali katika makoloni ya zamani ya Ufaransa.]]
Mfano maarufu wa Ukoloni Mamboleo ni uhusiano wa [[Ufaransa]] na viongozi wa nchi huru mpya za Afrika kwa lengo la kuendelea kuzitawala. Mara ya kwanza kutumika ilikuwa kwa kwa rais wa [[Cote d'Ivoire]] [[Felix Houphouët-Boigny]], mfano wa uhusiano mzuri kati ya Ufaransa na Afrika wakati wa urais wa [[Charles de Gaulle]] ([[1958]]-[[1969]]).
Viongozi walio karibu na Ufaransa (hasa wakati wa Vita Baridi) walikuwa kama mawakala wake na kudumisha [[Kifaransa]] barani Afrika ([[Jumuiya ya Kifaransa]] na baadaye [[Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie]]). Waliotajwa mara nyingi ni [[Omar Bongo]], Rais wa [[Gabon]], Felix Houphouët-Boigny, rais wa [[Cote d'Ivoire]], [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]],rais wa [[Togo]], [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]], rais wa [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Idriss Déby]], rais wa [[Chad]], na [[Hamani Diori]], rais wa [[Niger]].
===Ubelgiji na Kongo===
Baada ya mchakato wa haraka wa kuacha huru [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]], [[Ubelgiji]] iliendelea kudhibiti, kwa njia ya Société Générale de Belgique takriban 70% ya [[uchumi]] wa Kongo, hasa [[madini]] ya jimbo la [[Katanga]].
===Uingereza===
Wakosoaji wa mahusiano ya Uingereza na makoloni ya Afrika wanasema baadhi ya nchi huru mpya ziliendelea kutawaliwa kijeshi na kiuchumi kwa kisingizio cha kuleta maendeleo, kama vile [[Sierra Leone.]] <ref>[http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Imperialism_Neocolonialism/Imperialism_Neocolonialism.html thirdworldtraveler.com: Ukoloni Mamboleo] [http://www.parapundit.com/archives/001076.html parapundit.com /.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/001076.html |date=20090112024229 }}</ref>
==Utawala wa kiuchumi==
[[File:Mossadegh US21.jpg|thumb|right|Rais wa [[Marekani]], [[Harry S. Truman]] akimsalimu Mohammad Mosaddeq, [[Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Iran]], [[1951]].]]
[[File:Jimmy Carter and Lt. Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo tour Lagos, Nigeria. - NARA - 178660.tif|thumb|right|Rais wa Marekani [[Jimmy Carter]] na Luteni Jenerali [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] huko [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]], Aprili [[1978]].]]
===Mashirika ya kimataifa===
Wakosoaji wa Ukoloni Mamboleo pia wanasema kuwa uwekezaji na ma[[shirika]] ya kimataifa uliimarisha maendeleo duni. Katika baadhi ya nchi, [[ubinafsishaji]] wa [[rasilimali]] za kitaifa ulifuatiwa na kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha [[ukosefu wa ajira]], [[umaskini]], na kushuka kwa mapato. <ref>''[http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0404-06.htm Benki ya Dunia, IMF akatupa Kolombia Tailspin Into] {{Wayback|url=http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0404-06.htm |date=20120929095554 }} [[The Baltimore Sun]],'' 4 Aprili 2002</ref> Hii ni kweli hasa katika mataifa ya [[Afrika Magharibi]] ya [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Senegal]], na [[Mauritania]] ambapo [[uvuvi]] una historia muhimu kwa uchumi wa wenyeji. Kuanzia mwaka [[1979]], [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ulianza kubana haki za uvuvi katika pwani ya Afrika Magharibi<ref> ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/14/world/africa/14fishing.html Ulaya Afrika inachukua Samaki, na Boatloads ya wahamiaji Follow] [[The New York Times]],'' 14 Januari 2008</ref> kinyume cha Mkataba wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] juu ya bahari ambao unatambua umuhimu wa uvuvi kwa jamii. <ref> [[Umoja wa Mataifa 2007]]</ref>
===Taasisi za fedha za kimataifa===
[[File:Worldbank protest jakarta.jpg|thumb|right|[[Maandamano]] dhidi ya [[Benki ya Dunia]], [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], [[2004]].]]
Wakosoaji wa Ukoloni Mamboleo walitaka kukataa mikopo (hasa isiyolipika) kutoka kwa taasisi za fedha za kimataifa kama vile [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]] (IMF) na [[Benki ya Dunia]] (WB). Wao wanasema kwamba ili wapewa mikopo, na aina nyingine za misaada ya kiuchumi, mataifa dhaifu yanalazimika kuchukua hatua kwa maslahi ya kifedha ya IMF na Benki ya Dunia lakini dhidi ya uchumi wao yenyewe. ''Marekebisho ya miundo'' hayo yana athari ya kuongeza kuliko kupunguza umaskini ndani ya taifa. Watuhumiwa wa kushiriki katika ubeberu huo ni pamoja na Benki ya Dunia, Shirika la Biashara Duniani, [[G8]] na [[World Economic Forum]].
Wale ambao wanasema kwa hakika na ukweli kwamba Afrika leo inalipa pesa zaidi kila mwaka katika huduma ya malipo ya madeni ya IMF na Benki ya Dunia kuliko inayopata katika mikopo kutoka kwao, na hivyo mara nyingi kunyima wenyeji wa nchi hizo mahitaji halisi. Utegemezi huu unaruhusu [[IMF]] na [[Benki ya Dunia]] kulazimisha mipango yao juu ya mataifa haya. Marekebisho yanayotokana na mipango hiyo, hasa [[ubinafsishaji]], husababisha kuzorota kwa [[afya]], [[elimu]], na kutoweza kuendeleza [[miundombinu]], na [[maisha]] kwa jumla.
===Usawishi Mbadala===
Kutokana na akiba kubwa ya fedha, serikali ya [[China]] imeanza kucheza nafasi muhimu dhidi ya ushawishi wa IMF, kwa kukopesha baadhi ya nchi, kama vile Angola mwaka [[2006]]. <ref name="economist.com">''[http://www.economist.com/printedition/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10795714 Uchina's Quest for Resources - A mwenye hasira joka] {{Wayback|url=http://www.economist.com/printedition/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10795714 |date=20091130150156 }} [[The Economist]],'' 13 Machi 2008</ref> Katika miaka ya karibuni, [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] imejenga sana mahusiano na [[Afrika]],<ref>[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/IF08Ad02.html Jeshi migongo Uchina's Afrika adventure,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/IF08Ad02.html |date=20100206033016 }} [[Asia Times]]</ref> <ref> [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6178897.stm Mbeki inaonya juu ya mahusiano ya China na Afrika]</ref> China kwa sasa ni wa pili kwa uhusiano mkubwa na Afrika, baada ya [[Marekani]]. Mnamo Agosti 2007, kulikuwa na raia 750,000 hivi wa Uchina wakifanya kazi au kuishi katika nchi mbalimbali za Afrika<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/17/africa/malawi.php |title=Kichina flocking katika idadi ya a new frontier: Afrika |accessdate=2007-08-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818183638/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/17/africa/malawi.php |archivedate=2007-08-18 }}</ref> <ref> [http://en.internationalism.org/wr/299/china-africa Kichina ubeberu katika Afrika]</ref> wakijipatia rasilimali - [[mafuta]], madini - ili kulisha uchumi wa nchi yao na kupanua masoko ya makampuni yake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/ |title=Uchina, Afrika, na Mafuta |accessdate=2009-12-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208133749/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557 |archivedate=2009-02-08 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/2007/701/36384 |title=Je Uchina Afrika ubeberu mpya nguvu? |accessdate=2012-08-01 |archive-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211032937/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2007/701/36384 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwaka 2006, biashara kwa njia mbili iliongezeka hadi dola bilioni 50. <ref> ''[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2006/11/01/2003334317 Je Uchina nguvu mpya ya ukoloni katika Afrika?]'' [[Taipei Times,|''Taipei Times,'' ]] 1 Novemba 2006</ref>
Mwaka [[2007]], serikali ya China na Kongo-Kinshasa ziliingia katika mkataba ambapo makampuni ya Kichina yanayomilikiwa na serikali yatatoa huduma mbalimbali (miradi ya miundombinu) katika kubadilishana na [[shaba]] ya migodi. <ref name="economist.com"></ref>
Watetezi wa [[haki za binadamu]] na wapinzani wa serikali ya [[Sudan]] wanaonyesha jinsi China ilivyotoa [[silaha]] na [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] ili kupata [[petroli]] na [[gesi ya asili]] namna ya kikoloni ili kudumisha udhibiti wao wa maliasili. <ref>http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/sudan1103/26.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21143-2004Dec22.html</ref> <ref> http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2007/04/16/artists_abetting_genocide/</ref> Kulingana na wakosoaji wa China, China inayotolea Sudan msaada wake kutishia kutumia kura ya turufu kwenye [[Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa]] kulinda Khartoum kutoka vikwazo juu ya [[Darfur]] ili kulinda maslahi yake nchini Sudan. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=460 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-12-04 |archivedate=2006-05-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505120801/http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=460&language_id=1 }}</ref>
===Korea ya Kusini na ununuzi wa ardhi ===
Serikali tajiri na makampuni ya kimataifa yenye nguvu kutoka [[Korea ya Kusini]] zimenunua haraka mamilioni ya [[hekta]] za ardhi ya [[kilimo]] katika [[nchi zinazoendelea]] katika jitihada za kupata chakula.<ref> http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=12&pr.y=13&sy=2007&ey=2007&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort = nchi & ds =. & br = 1 & c = 512.941.914.446.612.666.614.668.311.672.213.946.911.137.193.962.122.674.912.676.313.548 , 419.556.513.678.316.181.913.682.124.684.339.273.638.921.514.948.218.943.963.686.616.688.223.518.516 , 728.918.558.748.138.618.196.522.278.622.692.156.694.624.142.626.449.628.564.228.283.924.853.233.288.632.293.636.566.634.964.238.182.662.453.960.968.423.922.935.714.128.862.611.716.321.456.243.722.248.942.469.718.253.724.642.576.643.936.939.961.644.813.819.199.172.184.132.524.646.361.648.362.915.364.134.732.652.366.174.734.328.144.258.146.656.463.654.528.336.923.263.738.268.578.532.537.944.742.176.866.534.369.536.744.429.186.433.925.178.746.436.926.136.466.343.112.158.111.439.298.916.927.664.846.826.299.542.582.443.474.917.754.544.698 & s = NGDPD & grp = 0 & a =</ref> <ref> http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/07/113_48556.html</ref> Hivyo, serikali ya Korea Kusini sasa hutumia rasilimali za nchi maskini kwa kununua ng'ambo nishati na chakula, ili kuwa mmoja wa uchumi unaokua kwa kasi zaidi.
Park Yong-soo wa Korea ya Kusini alisisitiza kuwa "taifa halizalishi tone moja ya [[mafuta yasiyosafishwa]] na [[viwanda]] vingine muhimu madini. Kwa nguvu ya ukuaji wa uchumi na kusaidia maisha ya watu, hatuwezi kusisitiza mno kiasi kwamba kupata rasilimali asili katika nchi za nje ni lazima kwa maisha yetu ya baadaye. <ref> http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/07/123_48943.html</ref>
Mkuu wa [[Shirika la Chakula na Kilimo]] (FAO), [[Jacques Diouf]], ameonya kwamba kupanda katika nchi utata mikataba inaweza kutengeneza fomu ya "ukoloni mamboleo", kwa mataifa maskini kuzalisha chakula kwa ajili ya matajiri kwa gharama zao wenyewe na [[njaa]] ya watu.
==Njia nyingine za Ukoloni Mamboleo==
===Utamaduni===
Ukoloni Mamboleo unaeneza ''utamaduni wa kigeni'' ili kudhibiti mataifa mengine upande wa [[maadili]] na mitazamo kupitia [[vyombo vya habari]], [[lugha]], [[elimu]] na [[dini]], hatimaye kwa sababu za kiuchumi. Kwa mfano, waandishi wanachapa vizuri zaidi himaya ya kikoloni katika historia ya karne ya 19.
Kuna seti ya [[nadharia]] katika [[falsafa]], [[filamu]], [[siasa]], [[sayansi]] na [[fasihi]] inayoshughulika na historia ya utamaduni wa [[utawala wa ukoloni]].
==Tazama pia==
* [[Soko huria]]
* [[Ubeberu]]
* [[Ukoloni]]
* [[Utandawazi]]
* [[Washington Consensus]]
==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Marejeo==
* Opoku Agyeman. ''Nkrumah's Ghana and East Africa: Pan-Africanism and African interstate relations'' (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1992).
*{{Rejea kitabu|last= Ankerl |first= Guy |title= Global communication without universal civilization |year= 2000 |series= INU societal research |volume= Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western |publisher= INU Press |location= Geneva |isbn= 2-88155-004-5 |pages= }}
* Bill Ashcroft (ed., et al.) ''The post-colonial studies reader'' (Routledge, London, 1995).
* Yolamu R Barongo. ''neo-colonialism and African politics: A survey of the impact of neo-colonialism on African political behavior'' (Vantage Press, NY, 1980).
*[[Mongo Beti]],'' Main basse sur le Cameroun. Autopsie d'une décolonisation'' (1972), new edition La Découverte, Paris 2003 [A classical critique of neo-colonialism. Raymond Marcellin, the French Minister of the Interior at the time, tried to prohibit the book. It could only be published after fierce legal battles.]
* Frédéric Turpin. ''De Gaulle, Pompidou et l'Afrique (1958-1974): décoloniser et coopérer'' (Les Indes savantes, Paris, 2010. [Grounded on Foccart's previously inaccessibles archives]
* Kum-Kum Bhavnani. (ed., et al.) ''Feminist futures: Re-imagining women, culture and development'' (Zed Books, NY, 2003). See: Ming-yan Lai's "Of Rural Mothers, Urban Whores and Working Daughters: Women and the Critique of Neocolonial Development in Taiwan's Nativist Literature," pp. 209–225.
* David Birmingham. ''The decolonization of Africa'' (Ohio University Press, 1995).
* Charles Cantalupo(ed.). ''The world of Ngugi wa Thiong'o'' (Africa World Press, 1995).
* Laura Chrisman and Benita Parry (ed.) ''Postcolonial theory and criticism'' (English Association, Cambridge, 2000).
* [[Renato Constantino]]. ''Neocolonial identity and counter-consciousness: Essays on cultural decolonization'' (Merlin Press, London, 1978).
* George A. W. Conway. ''A responsible complicity: Neo/colonial power-knowledge and the work of Foucault, Said, Spivak'' (University of Western Ontario Press, 1996).
* Julia V. Emberley. ''Thresholds of difference: feminist critique, native women's writings, postcolonial theory'' (University of Toronto Press, 1993).
* Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ermolov. ''Trojan horse of neo-colonialism: U.S. policy of training specialists for developing countries'' (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1966).
* Thomas Gladwin. ''Slaves of the white myth: The psychology of neo-colonialism'' (Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1980).
*[[Lewis Gordon]]. Her Majesty's Other Children: Sketches of Racism from a Neocolonial Age (Rowman & Littlefield, 1997).
* Ankie M. M. Hoogvelt. ''Globalization and the postcolonial world: The new political economy of development'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
* J. M. Hobson, ''The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation'' (Cambridge University Press, 2004).
* M. B. Hooker. ''Legal pluralism; an introduction to colonial and neo-colonial laws'' (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975).
* E.M. Kramer (ed.) ''The emerging monoculture: assimilation and the "model minority"'' (Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2003). See: Archana J. Bhatt's "Asian Indians and the Model Minority Narrative: A Neocolonial System," pp. 203–221.
* [[Geir Lundestad]] (ed.) ''The fall of great powers: Peace, stability, and legitimacy'' (Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 1994).
* [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. 'Colonialism and neo-colonialism. Translated by Steve Brewer, Azzedine Haddour, Terry McWilliams Republished in the 2001 edition by Routledge France. ISBN 0-415-19145-9.
* Peccia, T., 2014, "The Theory of the Globe Scrambled by Social Networks: A New Sphere of Influence 2.0", Jura Gentium - Rivista di Filosofia del Diritto Internazionale e della Politica Globale, Sezione "L'Afghanistan Contemporaneo", http://www.juragentium.org/topics/wlgo/en/peccia.htm
* Stuart J. Seborer. ''U.S. neo-colonialism in Africa'' (International Publishers, NY, 1974).
* D. Simon. ''Cities, capital and development: African cities in the world economy'' (Halstead, NY, 1992).
* Phillip Singer(ed.) ''Traditional healing, new science or new colonialism": (essays in critique of medical anthropology)'' (Conch Magazine, Owerri, 1977).
* [[Jean Suret-Canale]]. ''Essays on African history: From the slave trade to neo-colonialism'' (Hurst, London 1988).
* Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. ''Barrel of a pen: Resistance to repression in neo-colonial Kenya'' (Africa Research & Publications Project, 1983).
* [[Carlos Alzugaray Treto]]. El ocaso de un régimen neocolonial: Estados Unidos y la dictadura de Batista durante 1958,(The twilight of a neocolonial regime: The United States and Batista during 1958), in Temas: Cultura, Ideología y Sociedad, No.16-17, October 1998/March 1999, pp. 29–41 (La Habana: Ministry of Culture).
* {{Rejea kitabu| last=United Nations |volume= XXVII | year=2007 | title=Reports of International Arbitral Awards | publisher=United Nations Publication |page=188 | isbn=978-92-1-033098-5 |ref=UN2007}}
* [[Richard Werbner]] (ed.) ''Postcolonial identities in Africa'' (Zed Books, NJ, 1996).
==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/ China, Africa, and Oil] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/ |date=20090208133749 }}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6178897.stm Mbeki warns on China-Africa ties]
* [http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/n/e.htm "neocolonialism" in Encyclopedia of Marxism.]
* [http://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nkrumah/neo-colonialism/ ''Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism'', by Kwame Nkrumah (former Prime Minister and President of Ghana), originally published 1965]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3869081.stm Comments by Prof. Jeffrey Sachs - BBC]
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/vforum/03/globalization_inequality/jeffreySachs.ram Harvard economist Jeffrey Sachs video (ram) - hosted by Columbia Univ.]
* [http://www.afbis.com/analysis/neo-colonialism.html ''The myth of Neo-colonialism'' by Tunde Obadina, director of Africa Business Information Services (AfBIS)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afbis.com/analysis/neo-colonialism.html |date=20100611074242 }}
* http://www.africahistory.net/imf.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.africahistory.net/imf.htm |date=20100226180656 }} — ''IMF: Market Reform and Corporate Globalization'', by Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Prof. of History and African Studies, Conne. State Univ.
===Vitini vya vyuo vikuu===
*[http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/staff/lasiiton/opetus/AFRICANDEVHIST/Tips.html Studying African development history: Study guides] {{Wayback|url=http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/staff/lasiiton/opetus/AFRICANDEVHIST/Tips.html |date=20081211020837 }}, Lauri Siitonen, Päivi Hasu, Wolfgang Zeller. [[Helsinki University]], 2007.
{{South-South}}
[[Category:Ukoloni]]
[[Category:Historia ya ukoloni]]
[[Category:Siasa]]
[[Category:Historia ya Afrika]]
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[[File:World 1898 empires colonies territory.png|thumb|right|300px|Falme na makoloni mwaka 1898.]]
[[File:Colonialism in 1945 updated legend.png|thumb|right|300px|Himaya na makoloni mwaka 1945]]
'''Ukoloni Mamboleo''' ni neno linalotumiwa na wakosoaji wa [[ukoloni]] kuelekezwa kwa [[nchi tajiri]] kuendelea kuingilia masuala ya [[nchi zinazoendelea]] baada ya ukoloni wenyewe kwisha kwa ukiukaji wa azimio la [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. Wanakosoa mataifa ya kibepari kuhusika na [[dhuluma]] katika [[biashara]] ya kisasa na yaliyokuwa makoloni.
Wakosoaji wanasisitiza kwamba [[wafanyabiashara]] binafsi na makampuni ya biashara ya kigeni huendelea kunyonya [[rasilimali]] za mataifa baada ya enzi ya ukoloni kama ilivyotekelezwa kutoka [[karne ya 16]] hadi [[karne ya 20]].
Katika matumizi mapana, Ukoloni Mamboleo huweza kumaanisha ule ushiriki wa nchi zenye nguvu katika mambo ya nguvu chini ya nchi; hii ni muhimu hasa [[Amerika kusini]].
Kwa maana hii, Ukoloni Mamboleo huweza kutaja aina ya kisasa ya ukoloni, [[uchumi]] wa [[ubeberu]]: kwamba mataifa yenye nguvu kuishi kama wakoloni, na tabia hii inafananishwa na ukoloni.
== Ukoloni Mamboleo na ubeberu ==
{{quote|"Kadiri ubeberu utakavyoishi, kwa umbile lake utatawala nchi nyingine. Leo utawala huo unaitwa Ukoloni Mamboleo."| [[Che Guevara]], [[mwanamapinduzi]], [[1965]] <ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1965/02/24.htm "At the Afro-Asian Conference in Algeria"] speech by [[Che Guevara]] to the Second Economic Seminar of Afro-Asian Solidarity in Algiers, Algeria on 24 Februari 1965</ref>}}
[[File:Kwame Nkrumah on a Soviet stamp (80th anniversary of his birth) 1989 CPA 6101.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Kwame Nkrumah]], [[rais]] wa kwanza wa [[Ghana]], na mmoja wa watunzi wa neno "Ukoloni Mamboleo": [[picha]] kwenye [[stempu]] ya [[Urusi]] (1972).]]
Neno Ukoloni Mamboleo lilianza kutumika, hasa kuhusu Afrika, baada ya mchakato wa kupata uhuru. Kisha kupata uhuru, baadhi ya viongozi wa kitaifa na makundi ya upinzani walisema kuwa nchi zao hazitakubali aina mpya ya ukoloni kutoka mataifa yaliyoendelea. Kwame Nkrumah, ambaye mwaka 1957 akawa kiongozi wa Ghana, aliwahi kufafanua Ukoloni Mamboleo katika moja ya [[vitabu]] vyake, "Ukoloni Mamboleo, Hatua ya Mwisho wa Ubeberu" (1965), ambacho ni kama ugani wa kile cha [[Lenin]] "Ubeberu, Hatua ya Mwisho wa Ubepari" ([[1916]]), ambamo Lenin anasema kuwa ubeberu wa [[karne ya 19]] unategemeana na mahitaji ya mfumo wa kibepari.
=== Harakati za Pan-Afrika na nchi zisizoegemea upande wowote ===
Ukoloni Mamboleo ulipata umaarufu baada ya mwanzo wa kupata uhuru kwingineko zaidi kwa kupitia shughuli za wasomi na viongozi wapya wa kujitegemea kutoka mataifa ya Afrika na harakati ya Pan-Africanist. Wengi wa viongozi hao walihudhuria [[Mkutano wa Bandung]] wa [[1955]], kupelekea uundwaji wa harakati za [[nchi zisizoegemea upande wowote]]. Mikutano ya All-African Peoples 'Conference (AAPC) mwishoni mwa [[miaka ya 1950]] na mapema [[miaka ya 1960]] kuenea Ukoloni Mamboleo kukosoa hii.
Katika [[Vita Baridi]], nchi zisizoegemea pande zozote, na mashirika kama vile Shirika la Mshikamano na Watu wa Asia, Afrika na Amerika vilitaja Ukoloni Mamboleo kama adui wa pamoja.
===Uhusiano wa Ufaransa na viongozi wa Afrika===
[[File:MacKenzieSlcu.jpg|thumb|right|Mamluki kama hawa wa Marekani na Uingereza walitumika kupindua serikali katika makoloni ya zamani ya Ufaransa.]]
Mfano maarufu wa Ukoloni Mamboleo ni uhusiano wa [[Ufaransa]] na viongozi wa nchi huru mpya za Afrika kwa lengo la kuendelea kuzitawala. Mara ya kwanza kutumika ilikuwa kwa kwa rais wa [[Cote d'Ivoire]] [[Felix Houphouët-Boigny]], mfano wa uhusiano mzuri kati ya Ufaransa na Afrika wakati wa urais wa [[Charles de Gaulle]] ([[1958]]-[[1969]]).
Viongozi walio karibu na Ufaransa (hasa wakati wa Vita Baridi) walikuwa kama mawakala wake na kudumisha [[Kifaransa]] barani Afrika ([[Jumuiya ya Kifaransa]] na baadaye [[Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie]]). Waliotajwa mara nyingi ni [[Omar Bongo]], Rais wa [[Gabon]], Felix Houphouët-Boigny, rais wa [[Cote d'Ivoire]], [[Gnassingbe Eyadema]],rais wa [[Togo]], [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]], rais wa [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]], [[Idriss Déby]], rais wa [[Chad]], na [[Hamani Diori]], rais wa [[Niger]].
===Ubelgiji na Kongo===
Baada ya mchakato wa haraka wa kuacha huru [[Kongo ya Kibelgiji]], [[Ubelgiji]] iliendelea kudhibiti, kwa njia ya Société Générale de Belgique takriban 70% ya [[uchumi]] wa Kongo, hasa [[madini]] ya jimbo la [[Katanga]].
===Uingereza===
Wakosoaji wa mahusiano ya Uingereza na makoloni ya Afrika wanasema baadhi ya nchi huru mpya ziliendelea kutawaliwa kijeshi na kiuchumi kwa kisingizio cha kuleta maendeleo, kama vile [[Sierra Leone.]] <ref>[http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Imperialism_Neocolonialism/Imperialism_Neocolonialism.html thirdworldtraveler.com: Ukoloni Mamboleo] [http://www.parapundit.com/archives/001076.html parapundit.com /.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parapundit.com/archives/001076.html |date=20090112024229 }}</ref>
==Utawala wa kiuchumi==
[[File:Mossadegh US21.jpg|thumb|right|Rais wa [[Marekani]], [[Harry S. Truman]] akimsalimu Mohammad Mosaddeq, [[Waziri Mkuu]] wa [[Iran]], [[1951]].]]
[[File:Jimmy Carter and Lt. Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo tour Lagos, Nigeria. - NARA - 178660.tif|thumb|right|Rais wa Marekani [[Jimmy Carter]] na Luteni Jenerali [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] huko [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]], Aprili [[1978]].]]
===Mashirika ya kimataifa===
Wakosoaji wa Ukoloni Mamboleo pia wanasema kuwa uwekezaji na ma[[shirika]] ya kimataifa uliimarisha maendeleo duni. Katika baadhi ya nchi, [[ubinafsishaji]] wa [[rasilimali]] za kitaifa ulifuatiwa na kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha [[ukosefu wa ajira]], [[umaskini]], na kushuka kwa mapato. <ref>''[http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0404-06.htm Benki ya Dunia, IMF akatupa Kolombia Tailspin Into] {{Wayback|url=http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0404-06.htm |date=20120929095554 }} [[The Baltimore Sun]],'' 4 Aprili 2002</ref> Hii ni kweli hasa katika mataifa ya [[Afrika Magharibi]] ya [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Senegal]], na [[Mauritania]] ambapo [[uvuvi]] una historia muhimu kwa uchumi wa wenyeji. Kuanzia mwaka [[1979]], [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] ulianza kubana haki za uvuvi katika pwani ya Afrika Magharibi<ref> ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/14/world/africa/14fishing.html Ulaya Afrika inachukua Samaki, na Boatloads ya wahamiaji Follow] [[The New York Times]],'' 14 Januari 2008</ref> kinyume cha Mkataba wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] juu ya bahari ambao unatambua umuhimu wa uvuvi kwa jamii. <ref> [[Umoja wa Mataifa 2007]]</ref>
===Taasisi za fedha za kimataifa===
[[File:Worldbank protest jakarta.jpg|thumb|right|[[Maandamano]] dhidi ya [[Benki ya Dunia]], [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]], [[2004]].]]
Wakosoaji wa Ukoloni Mamboleo walitaka kukataa mikopo (hasa isiyolipika) kutoka kwa taasisi za fedha za kimataifa kama vile [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]] (IMF) na [[Benki ya Dunia]] (WB). Wao wanasema kwamba ili wapewa mikopo, na aina nyingine za misaada ya kiuchumi, mataifa dhaifu yanalazimika kuchukua hatua kwa maslahi ya kifedha ya IMF na Benki ya Dunia lakini dhidi ya uchumi wao yenyewe. ''Marekebisho ya miundo'' hayo yana athari ya kuongeza kuliko kupunguza umaskini ndani ya taifa. Watuhumiwa wa kushiriki katika ubeberu huo ni pamoja na Benki ya Dunia, Shirika la Biashara Duniani, [[G8]] na [[World Economic Forum]].
Wale ambao wanasema kwa hakika na ukweli kwamba Afrika leo inalipa pesa zaidi kila mwaka katika huduma ya malipo ya madeni ya IMF na Benki ya Dunia kuliko inayopata katika mikopo kutoka kwao, na hivyo mara nyingi kunyima wenyeji wa nchi hizo mahitaji halisi. Utegemezi huu unaruhusu [[IMF]] na [[Benki ya Dunia]] kulazimisha mipango yao juu ya mataifa haya. Marekebisho yanayotokana na mipango hiyo, hasa [[ubinafsishaji]], husababisha kuzorota kwa [[afya]], [[elimu]], na kutoweza kuendeleza [[miundombinu]], na [[maisha]] kwa jumla.
===Usawishi Mbadala===
Kutokana na akiba kubwa ya fedha, serikali ya [[China]] imeanza kucheza nafasi muhimu dhidi ya ushawishi wa IMF, kwa kukopesha baadhi ya nchi, kama vile Angola mwaka [[2006]]. <ref name="economist.com">''[http://www.economist.com/printedition/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10795714 Uchina's Quest for Resources - A mwenye hasira joka] {{Wayback|url=http://www.economist.com/printedition/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10795714 |date=20091130150156 }} [[The Economist]],'' 13 Machi 2008</ref> Katika miaka ya karibuni, [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] imejenga sana mahusiano na [[Afrika]],<ref>[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/IF08Ad02.html Jeshi migongo Uchina's Afrika adventure,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/IF08Ad02.html |date=20100206033016 }} [[Asia Times]]</ref> <ref> [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6178897.stm Mbeki inaonya juu ya mahusiano ya China na Afrika]</ref> China kwa sasa ni wa pili kwa uhusiano mkubwa na Afrika, baada ya [[Marekani]]. Mnamo Agosti 2007, kulikuwa na raia 750,000 hivi wa Uchina wakifanya kazi au kuishi katika nchi mbalimbali za Afrika<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/17/africa/malawi.php |title=Kichina flocking katika idadi ya a new frontier: Afrika |accessdate=2007-08-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818183638/http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/17/africa/malawi.php |archivedate=2007-08-18 }}</ref> <ref> [http://en.internationalism.org/wr/299/china-africa Kichina ubeberu katika Afrika]</ref> wakijipatia rasilimali - [[mafuta]], madini - ili kulisha uchumi wa nchi yao na kupanua masoko ya makampuni yake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/ |title=Uchina, Afrika, na Mafuta |accessdate=2009-12-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208133749/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557 |archivedate=2009-02-08 }}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/2007/701/36384 |title=Je Uchina Afrika ubeberu mpya nguvu? |accessdate=2012-08-01 |archive-date=2008-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211032937/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2007/701/36384 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwaka 2006, biashara kwa njia mbili iliongezeka hadi dola bilioni 50. <ref> ''[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2006/11/01/2003334317 Je Uchina nguvu mpya ya ukoloni katika Afrika?]'' [[Taipei Times,|''Taipei Times,'' ]] 1 Novemba 2006</ref>
Mwaka [[2007]], serikali ya China na Kongo-Kinshasa ziliingia katika mkataba ambapo makampuni ya Kichina yanayomilikiwa na serikali yatatoa huduma mbalimbali (miradi ya miundombinu) katika kubadilishana na [[shaba]] ya migodi. <ref name="economist.com"></ref>
Watetezi wa [[haki za binadamu]] na wapinzani wa serikali ya [[Sudan]] wanaonyesha jinsi China ilivyotoa [[silaha]] na [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] ili kupata [[petroli]] na [[gesi ya asili]] namna ya kikoloni ili kudumisha udhibiti wao wa maliasili. <ref>http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/sudan1103/26.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A21143-2004Dec22.html</ref> <ref> http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2007/04/16/artists_abetting_genocide/</ref> Kulingana na wakosoaji wa China, China inayotolea Sudan msaada wake kutishia kutumia kura ya turufu kwenye [[Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa]] kulinda Khartoum kutoka vikwazo juu ya [[Darfur]] ili kulinda maslahi yake nchini Sudan. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=460 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-12-04 |archivedate=2006-05-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505120801/http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=460&language_id=1 }}</ref>
===Korea ya Kusini na ununuzi wa ardhi ===
Serikali tajiri na makampuni ya kimataifa yenye nguvu kutoka [[Korea ya Kusini]] zimenunua haraka mamilioni ya [[hekta]] za ardhi ya [[kilimo]] katika [[nchi zinazoendelea]] katika jitihada za kupata chakula.<ref> http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=12&pr.y=13&sy=2007&ey=2007&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort = nchi & ds =. & br = 1 & c = 512.941.914.446.612.666.614.668.311.672.213.946.911.137.193.962.122.674.912.676.313.548 , 419.556.513.678.316.181.913.682.124.684.339.273.638.921.514.948.218.943.963.686.616.688.223.518.516 , 728.918.558.748.138.618.196.522.278.622.692.156.694.624.142.626.449.628.564.228.283.924.853.233.288.632.293.636.566.634.964.238.182.662.453.960.968.423.922.935.714.128.862.611.716.321.456.243.722.248.942.469.718.253.724.642.576.643.936.939.961.644.813.819.199.172.184.132.524.646.361.648.362.915.364.134.732.652.366.174.734.328.144.258.146.656.463.654.528.336.923.263.738.268.578.532.537.944.742.176.866.534.369.536.744.429.186.433.925.178.746.436.926.136.466.343.112.158.111.439.298.916.927.664.846.826.299.542.582.443.474.917.754.544.698 & s = NGDPD & grp = 0 & a =</ref> <ref> http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/07/113_48556.html</ref> Hivyo, serikali ya Korea Kusini sasa hutumia rasilimali za nchi maskini kwa kununua ng'ambo nishati na chakula, ili kuwa mmoja wa uchumi unaokua kwa kasi zaidi.
Park Yong-soo wa Korea ya Kusini alisisitiza kuwa "taifa halizalishi tone moja ya [[mafuta yasiyosafishwa]] na [[viwanda]] vingine muhimu madini. Kwa nguvu ya ukuaji wa uchumi na kusaidia maisha ya watu, hatuwezi kusisitiza mno kiasi kwamba kupata rasilimali asili katika nchi za nje ni lazima kwa maisha yetu ya baadaye. <ref> http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/07/123_48943.html</ref>
Mkuu wa [[Shirika la Chakula na Kilimo]] (FAO), [[Jacques Diouf]], ameonya kwamba kupanda katika nchi utata mikataba inaweza kutengeneza fomu ya "ukoloni mamboleo", kwa mataifa maskini kuzalisha chakula kwa ajili ya matajiri kwa gharama zao wenyewe na [[njaa]] ya watu.
==Njia nyingine za Ukoloni Mamboleo==
===Utamaduni===
Ukoloni Mamboleo unaeneza ''utamaduni wa kigeni'' ili kudhibiti mataifa mengine upande wa [[maadili]] na mitazamo kupitia [[vyombo vya habari]], [[lugha]], [[elimu]] na [[dini]], hatimaye kwa sababu za kiuchumi. Kwa mfano, waandishi wanachapa vizuri zaidi himaya ya kikoloni katika historia ya karne ya 19.
Kuna seti ya [[nadharia]] katika [[falsafa]], [[filamu]], [[siasa]], [[sayansi]] na [[fasihi]] inayoshughulika na historia ya utamaduni wa [[utawala wa ukoloni]].
==Tazama pia==
* [[Soko huria]]
* [[Ubeberu]]
* [[Ukoloni]]
* [[Utandawazi]]
* [[Washington Consensus]]
==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Marejeo==
* Opoku Agyeman. ''Nkrumah's Ghana and East Africa: Pan-Africanism and African interstate relations'' (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1992).
*{{Rejea kitabu|last= Ankerl |first= Guy |title= Global communication without universal civilization |year= 2000 |series= INU societal research |volume= Vol.1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western |publisher= INU Press |location= Geneva |isbn= 2-88155-004-5 |pages= }}
* Bill Ashcroft (ed., et al.) ''The post-colonial studies reader'' (Routledge, London, 1995).
* Yolamu R Barongo. ''neo-colonialism and African politics: A survey of the impact of neo-colonialism on African political behavior'' (Vantage Press, NY, 1980).
*[[Mongo Beti]],'' Main basse sur le Cameroun. Autopsie d'une décolonisation'' (1972), new edition La Découverte, Paris 2003 [A classical critique of neo-colonialism. Raymond Marcellin, the French Minister of the Interior at the time, tried to prohibit the book. It could only be published after fierce legal battles.]
* Frédéric Turpin. ''De Gaulle, Pompidou et l'Afrique (1958-1974): décoloniser et coopérer'' (Les Indes savantes, Paris, 2010. [Grounded on Foccart's previously inaccessibles archives]
* Kum-Kum Bhavnani. (ed., et al.) ''Feminist futures: Re-imagining women, culture and development'' (Zed Books, NY, 2003). See: Ming-yan Lai's "Of Rural Mothers, Urban Whores and Working Daughters: Women and the Critique of Neocolonial Development in Taiwan's Nativist Literature," pp. 209–225.
* David Birmingham. ''The decolonization of Africa'' (Ohio University Press, 1995).
* Charles Cantalupo(ed.). ''The world of Ngugi wa Thiong'o'' (Africa World Press, 1995).
* Laura Chrisman and Benita Parry (ed.) ''Postcolonial theory and criticism'' (English Association, Cambridge, 2000).
* [[Renato Constantino]]. ''Neocolonial identity and counter-consciousness: Essays on cultural decolonization'' (Merlin Press, London, 1978).
* George A. W. Conway. ''A responsible complicity: Neo/colonial power-knowledge and the work of Foucault, Said, Spivak'' (University of Western Ontario Press, 1996).
* Julia V. Emberley. ''Thresholds of difference: feminist critique, native women's writings, postcolonial theory'' (University of Toronto Press, 1993).
* Nikolai Aleksandrovich Ermolov. ''Trojan horse of neo-colonialism: U.S. policy of training specialists for developing countries'' (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1966).
* Thomas Gladwin. ''Slaves of the white myth: The psychology of neo-colonialism'' (Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1980).
*[[Lewis Gordon]]. Her Majesty's Other Children: Sketches of Racism from a Neocolonial Age (Rowman & Littlefield, 1997).
* Ankie M. M. Hoogvelt. ''Globalization and the postcolonial world: The new political economy of development'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001).
* J. M. Hobson, ''The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation'' (Cambridge University Press, 2004).
* M. B. Hooker. ''Legal pluralism; an introduction to colonial and neo-colonial laws'' (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1975).
* E.M. Kramer (ed.) ''The emerging monoculture: assimilation and the "model minority"'' (Praeger, Westport, Conn., 2003). See: Archana J. Bhatt's "Asian Indians and the Model Minority Narrative: A Neocolonial System," pp. 203–221.
* [[Geir Lundestad]] (ed.) ''The fall of great powers: Peace, stability, and legitimacy'' (Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, 1994).
* [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]. 'Colonialism and neo-colonialism. Translated by Steve Brewer, Azzedine Haddour, Terry McWilliams Republished in the 2001 edition by Routledge France. ISBN 0-415-19145-9.
* Peccia, T., 2014, "The Theory of the Globe Scrambled by Social Networks: A New Sphere of Influence 2.0", Jura Gentium - Rivista di Filosofia del Diritto Internazionale e della Politica Globale, Sezione "L'Afghanistan Contemporaneo", http://www.juragentium.org/topics/wlgo/en/peccia.htm
* Stuart J. Seborer. ''U.S. neo-colonialism in Africa'' (International Publishers, NY, 1974).
* D. Simon. ''Cities, capital and development: African cities in the world economy'' (Halstead, NY, 1992).
* Phillip Singer(ed.) ''Traditional healing, new science or new colonialism": (essays in critique of medical anthropology)'' (Conch Magazine, Owerri, 1977).
* [[Jean Suret-Canale]]. ''Essays on African history: From the slave trade to neo-colonialism'' (Hurst, London 1988).
* Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o. ''Barrel of a pen: Resistance to repression in neo-colonial Kenya'' (Africa Research & Publications Project, 1983).
* [[Carlos Alzugaray Treto]]. El ocaso de un régimen neocolonial: Estados Unidos y la dictadura de Batista durante 1958,(The twilight of a neocolonial regime: The United States and Batista during 1958), in Temas: Cultura, Ideología y Sociedad, No.16-17, October 1998/March 1999, pp. 29–41 (La Habana: Ministry of Culture).
* {{Rejea kitabu| last=United Nations |volume= XXVII | year=2007 | title=Reports of International Arbitral Awards | publisher=United Nations Publication |page=188 | isbn=978-92-1-033098-5 |ref=UN2007}}
* [[Richard Werbner]] (ed.) ''Postcolonial identities in Africa'' (Zed Books, NJ, 1996).
==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/ China, Africa, and Oil] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9557/ |date=20090208133749 }}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6178897.stm Mbeki warns on China-Africa ties]
* [http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/n/e.htm "neocolonialism" in Encyclopedia of Marxism.]
* [http://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nkrumah/neo-colonialism/ ''Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism'', by Kwame Nkrumah (former Prime Minister and President of Ghana), originally published 1965]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3869081.stm Comments by Prof. Jeffrey Sachs - BBC]
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/vforum/03/globalization_inequality/jeffreySachs.ram Harvard economist Jeffrey Sachs video (ram) - hosted by Columbia Univ.]
* [http://www.afbis.com/analysis/neo-colonialism.html ''The myth of Neo-colonialism'' by Tunde Obadina, director of Africa Business Information Services (AfBIS)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afbis.com/analysis/neo-colonialism.html |date=20100611074242 }}
* http://www.africahistory.net/imf.htm {{Wayback|url=http://www.africahistory.net/imf.htm |date=20100226180656 }} — ''IMF: Market Reform and Corporate Globalization'', by Dr. Gloria Emeagwali, Prof. of History and African Studies, Conne. State Univ.
===Vitini vya vyuo vikuu===
*[http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/staff/lasiiton/opetus/AFRICANDEVHIST/Tips.html Studying African development history: Study guides] {{Wayback|url=http://www.valt.helsinki.fi/staff/lasiiton/opetus/AFRICANDEVHIST/Tips.html |date=20081211020837 }}, Lauri Siitonen, Päivi Hasu, Wolfgang Zeller. [[Helsinki University]], 2007.
{{South-South}}
[[Category:Ukoloni]]
[[Category:Historia ya ukoloni]]
[[Category:Siasa]]
[[Category:Historia ya Afrika]]
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Kurunzi
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{{Unreferenced|date=Septemba 2007}}
'''Kurunzi''' (pia '''Tochi''', kutoka [[Kiingereza]]: ''Torch'') ni kidude kidogo cha mkononi chenye kuangaza. Hapo mwanzo, ilikuwa chanzo cha [[moto]] tamba kutumika kama chanzo cha [[mwanga]], kipande cha [[mbao]] chenye umbo la fimbo na [[guo]] lililolowekwa kwenye [[kishika moto haraka]] na / au baadhi ya vifaa vingine [[kuwashwa]] likiwa limezungushwa mwisho. Mienge mara nyingi huwekwa juu ya kuta au malango ili mwanga uonekane mbali.
Mwenge unaobebwa na wanambio za nyika hutumiwa kuwasha mwenge wa [[Olimpiki]] ambao huchomeka bila usumbufu mpaka mwisho wa Michezo. Mienge hii ya olimpiki na mapokeo rilei yalianzisha mwaka [[1936 Summer Olympics]] na Carl Diem, mwenyekiti wa tukio hilo kwa sababu wakati wa muda wa [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya [[Kale]] katika [[Olympia]],mwenge mtakatifu huchomwa moto ndani ya hekalu la Hera, ulio chini ya ulinzi wa bi kasisi wake.
Ikiwa tochi itatengenezwa kwa [[sulfuri]] ikichanganywa na [[chokaa]], moto huo hautazima hata baada ya kuzamishwa majini. Mienge ya aina hii ilitumika na [[Warumi wa kale]].
Mienge ya maandamano hutengezwa kwa kuzungusha nta kwenye hesia. Kawaida kuna mbao na vibao kushikilia nta imwagikayo. Hizi ni rahisi, salama na njia nafuu kabisa ya kushikilia mwali kwenye gwaride, au kutoa miale katika giza totoro kwenye hali ya kusherehekea.
[[File:Firebreathingtorch.JPG|thumb|right|Tochi ambayo bado haijawashwa ikitumiwa kama kupumuzi cha moto.]]
[[Mienge ya kuruka]] mara nyingi hutumiwa kama kirefushaji katika [[kurukaruka:]] zinaweza kurushwa hewani wakati mtu anarukaruka, katika hali sawa na ile ya [[vilabu]] au [[kurusha visu]], lakini kwa sababu ya sauti zao na 'viambata vya moto ', zinavutia zaidi kwa watazamaji. Kwa mrukaji aliyehitimu, kuna nafasi ndogo tu ya kuwa kuchomwa na moto, lakini bado ni hatari.
==Kifananishi==
[[File:Tikitorch.JPG|thumb|left|Tochi ya tiki]]
Kurunzi ni kifananishi cha [[kutaalamika]] na [[matumaini.]] Hivyo [[Sanamu ya Uhuru]], kwa kweli "Uhuru mwangaza ya Dunia", huinua tochi yake. Tochi zilizokinganywa ni ishara ya maombolezo zinazopatikana katika makaburi ya Kigiriki na Kirumi - tochi iotayo chini huashiria kifo, huku tochi iotayo juu ikiashiria maisha, ukweli na nguvu iendeleayo ya moto. Tochi pia ni ishara kwa vyama vya kisiasa kama vile [[British Coservative Party]] (walibadilishana kwa ajili ya mti wa mwaloni mwaka 2006) na [[Malta Labour Party.]]
==Katika Liturujia ==
[[File:43-aspetti di vita quotidiana, illuminazione,Taccuino Sanita.jpg|thumb|250px|Muuza tochi, tacuinum sanitatis casanatensis (karne XIV)]]
Katika nyakati za zamani, mienge ilibebwa kwa maandamano ya Ekaristi ili kutoa mwanga. Kanisa hatimaye likaichukua kwa ajili ya matumizi yao kwenye Misa za maombolezo ya juu.
Kulingana na Adrian Fortescue ( "Misa: Masomo ya Liturgia ya Kirumi [1912]"), usahihi zaidi wa hali ya mienge ya kiliturujia ni kuwa haiwezi kujisimamia (yaani hawezi kusimama wao wenyewe). Hata hivyo, leo, hata katika Vatikano, mishumaa mirefu inayojisimamia katika vishikilizi imechukua pahali pa aina ya zamani. Mienge hubebwa na wabebaji, ambao huingia katika Sanctus na kuondoka baada ya Ushirika.
[[Waangilikana]] wa [[Kanisa la juu]] la [[Kilutheri]] hutumia mienge yao kwenye baadhi ya maadhimisho ya sherehe za liturujia.
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons|Torch}}
* [http://www.maternalheart.org/pictures/6-2004-CorpusChristiProc-FirstMass/54-Procession-3-sc.jpg Picha za mienge isiyojisimamia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.maternalheart.org/pictures/6-2004-CorpusChristiProc-FirstMass/54-Procession-3-sc.jpg |date=20070311011353 }}
{{mbegu-teknolojia}}
[[Category:vifaa]]
[[Jamii:liturujia]]
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Tony Nyadundo
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'''Tony Nyadundo''' ni mwana muziki nchini [[Kenya]]. Huimba muziki wa ''[[Ohangla]]'' ,mtindo wa kitamaduni wa kabila la [[waluo]]. Hushirikiana na bendi ya '''Ohangla Boys''' pia anatambulika sasa kama "Mfalme wa Ohangla".
Alizaliwa [[Kal]] nchini [[Tanzania]]. Dadake pacha alifariki Tony alipokuwa mchanga. Familia yake ilihamia [[Nyahera]],[[Wilaya ya Kisumu]] , Kenya mwaka wa 1978 na kisha baadaye [[Kongoni]] katika [[Nzoia]]. Alisomea shule ya msingi ya Kongoni hadi mwaka wa 1985 kisha kuingia shule ya sekondari ya Bugembe masomo yake yalipokatizwa kwa ukosefu wa hela mwaka uliofuatia. Alifanya kazi kama [[fundi wa nguo]] hadi mwaka wa 1992. Alijaribu pia kuwa DJ. Ndugu yake Jack Nyadundo, aliunda kikundi kilichokuwa kikicheza muziki wa Ohangla , hatimaye Tony alijiunga na kikundi hiki baada ya mwaka wa 1996. Baadaye,aliunda kikundi chake na kurudi Tanzania kwa muda mfupi. Mnamo mwaka wa 1998,alihamia [[Wilaya ya Migori]] nchini Kenya alikowatumbuiza wakaazi wavuvi wa eneo hili. Alimuajiri [[Onyi Papa Jey]], mpiga [[orutu]] ambaye kwa sasa ni mwanamuziki na amekuwa mwanamuziki mkuu. Mnamo mwaka wa 1999,alihamia [[Dandora]] mjini [[Nairobi]] lakini hukupata mafanikio kimuziki na kisha kuhamia Kisumu, ambako ndugu yake Jack alikuwa mwana muziki mashuhuri.<ref name="king">Daily Nation, 7 Agosti 2009: [http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/636302/-/ulluky/-/index.html King of Ohangla speaks]</ref>.
Album yake ya kwanza ''Ayaki'' ilitolewa mwaka wa 2002. Huu ulikuwa mwanzo mpya katika uimbaji wake na alianza kufaidika kwa kuwa mwana muziki. Album yake ya pili iliitwa ''Kidi Oba e Toke'' , inayomaanisha "kupigwa mawe mgongoni". Jina hili lilitokana na tukio ambapo walishambuliwa na majangili wakiwa wanatumbuiza na kumpiga mpiga ngoma wake mgongoni. Watu wengine kadhaa waliumia<ref name="king"/>.
Mwaka wa 2006 alitoa album iliyoitwa ''Obama'' . Jina lake lilitokana na [[Barack Obama]], rais wa Marekani ambaye babake alitoka katika eneo moja na Nyadundo <ref>The Standard, 25 Agosti 2006: [http://www.propertykenya.com/news/021498-tony-nyadundo-ohangla-king.php Tony Nyadundo, Ohangla King] {{Wayback|url=http://www.propertykenya.com/news/021498-tony-nyadundo-ohangla-king.php |date=20090531164631 }}</ref>.
Katika [[Tuzo za Muziki za Kisima za 2007]],alishinda katika kitengo cha muziki wa kitamaduni<ref>^ Washindi wa Kisima Awards 2007</ref>. Alikuwa miongoni mwa Wakenya 100 wenye ushawishi mkuu kama ilivyichaguliwa na gazeti la [[The Standard]] mnamo Agosti 2007 <ref>The Standard, 21 Agosti 2007: [http://www.eastandard.net/arts.php?topic=375&img_topic=376 100 most influential Kenyans] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eastandard.net/arts.php?topic=375&img_topic=376 |date=20071013111103 }}</ref><ref>The Standard, 21 Agosti 2007: [http://www.eastandard.net/archives/InsidePage.php?id=1143973204 100 most influential Kenyans - Entertainment] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/InsidePage.php?id=1143973204 |date=20090605185119 }}</ref>.
Mnamo Oktoba 2009, alitoa album mpya ''Migingo'' , iliyotajwa kufuatia kisiwa kilichuleta mgogoro cha [[Kisiwa cha Migingo]] <ref>The Standard, 2 Oktoba 2009: [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/InsidePage.php?id=1144025440&cid=433& Nyadundo album launch] {{Wayback|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/InsidePage.php?id=1144025440&cid=433& |date=20110716054941 }}</ref>.
Tony anfahamika kwa midundo yake ya kuvuma kama vile, dawa ya mapenzi, Obama na zingine. Ametumbuiza katika nchi kadhaa kama vile, Ujerumani na Marekani<ref>The Standard, 7 Desemba 2008: [http://www.eastandard.net/mag/InsidePage.php?id=1144001063&cid=499& Ohangla maestro spreads his wings] {{Wayback|url=http://www.eastandard.net/mag/InsidePage.php?id=1144001063&cid=499& |date=20090605015143 }}</ref>.
Alikuwa ameoleka lakini walitalikiana mwaka wa 1994. Ako na watoto wawili kutoka ndoa hiyo <ref name="king"/>.
== Marejeo ==
{{Marejeo}}
{{Notable Joluo}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nyadundo, Tony}}
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]]
[[Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo la Muziki la Kisima]]
nkfxakhxhedan060exh4ign6b7z9ykq
Uhuru Park
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[[Image:National Nyayo Monument In Central Park In Nairobi, Kenya.jpg|thumb|Nyayo Monument]]
'''Uhuru Park''' ni eneo la [[burudani]] karibu na eneo la kati la [[biashara]] la [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]]. Lina [[ziwa]] bandia na jumba la mikutano ambalo hutumika kwa mikutano ya kisiasa na ya kidini.
Ina sifa mbaya kama eneo ambapo [[maandamano]] dhidi ya unyakuaji haramu wa ardhi ulivunjwa na [[serikali]] [[Moi]] kwa kutumia fujo nyingi.
Mwaka 1989, [[Wangari Maathai]] na wengi wa wafuasi wake walifanya maandamano katika hifadhi hilo, na kujaribu kusitisha ujenzi wa jumba la ghorofa 60 la 'Kenya Times Media Trust'. Alilazimishwa na serikali aache ofisi yake na alikuwa akishutumiwa bungeni, lakini maandamano yake na mwitikio wa serikali uliwafanya wawekezaji wa kigeni kufuta mradi.<ref name="Ecologist">The Ecologist (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121031004049/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10827504_ITM The Good, ya Bad, na Ugly.] Ilipakuliwa 2008/04/13.</ref>
Mnamo Agosti [[1996]], kundi la [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] wakiongozwa na [[Askofu mkuu]] [[Kardinali]] [[Maurice Michael Otunga]] lilichoma rundo la [[kondomu]] katika Uhuru Park ili kupinga matumizi ya kifaa hicho kama njia salama ya kujikinga dhidi ya maambukizi ya Ukimwi.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
==Viungo vya nje==
*[http://www.greenbeltmovement.org/index.php The Green Belt Movement]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.wangarimaathai.or.ke/ Wangari Maathai] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wangarimaathai.or.ke/ |date=20061205031909 }}
{{nairobi}}
[[Jamii:Nairobi]]
[[Jamii:Vivutio vya Kenya]]
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Village Voice Media
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[[Picha:Villagevoice.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Takwimu kuonyesha ukuaji wa tovuti za magazeti mbalimbali ya Village Voice Media]]
'''Village Voice Media''' ni shirika la binafsi linalomiliki ''Village Voice'', gazeti zee kabisa na kubwa kabisa [[Marekani]] la kila wiki (lililoanzishwa katika mwaka wa 1955). Vilevile, magazeti ya ''LA Weekly'', ''[[OC Weekly]]'' katika Orange County, [[California]], ''Seattle Weekly'', ''[[City Pages]]'' katika Minneapolis-St. Paul, ''Nashville Scene'', ''Dallas Observer'', ''Westword'' katika [[Denver]], ''New Times Broward''-katika Palm Beach, ''Houston Press'', ''The Pitch'' katika [[Kansas City]], ''Miami New Times'', ''Phoenix New Times'', ''SF Weekly'' mjini [[San Francisco]], ''Riverfront Times'' mjini [[St. Louis]], na ''backpage.com'',tovuti ya matangazo.Shirika la '''New Times Media''' lilikuwa la kuchapisha magazeti ya kila wiki.
Hapo awali kampuni hii ilikuwa ikiitwa New Times Media. Tarehe 24 Oktoba 2005, New Times Media ilitangaza mpango wa kununua Village Voice Media,walipofanya hivyo waliunda mnyororo wa magazeti 17 wa kuchapishwa kila wiki nchini [[Marekani]]. Baada ya kukamilika kwa mpango huo, New Times ilianza kulitumia jina la Village Voice Media.
Katika mwaka wa 2002, Village Voice Media ya hapo awali iliingia mkataba usiokuwa wa kushindana na New Times Media, wakati huo New Times Media ulikuwa pia jumba la uchapishaji magazeti ya kila wiki. Mkataba wao ulikuwa wa kutochapisha magazeti ya ''New Times LA''(jarida la New Times Media) na ''Cleveland Free Times'' (jarida la Village Voice Media) ili zisiwe na magazeti mawili yanayoshindana katika mji mmoja. Mkataba huu na kufutiliwa mbali kwa magazeti hayo mawili ulisababisha upelelezi na Idara ya Haki ya Marekani. Matokeo ya uchunguzi yalisababisha malipo, ambapo kampuni zote mbili zilihitaji kuuza mali na magazeti hayo mawili kwa washindani wao wowote.
Mnamo Oktoba 2007, Michael Lacey, mhariri mkuu na Jim Larkin ,mkurugenzi mkuu wa Village Voice Media, walishikwa na polisi wakiwa [[Phoenix]],[[Arizona]] kwa mashtaka ya kuwa jarida moja la ''Phoenix New Times'' lilikuwa limechapisha habari ya siri kuhusu watu wa juri. Mwendesha mashtaka maalum alifanya uchunguzi wa kesi kubwa iliyokuwa baina ya gazeti hilo na mkuu wa polisi wa kata la [[Maricopa]],Joe Arpaio, ambapo walichapisha anwani ya Joe Arpaio,hili ni kosa la uhalifu katika sheria ya [[Arizona]].
==Angalia Pia==
* [[City Pages]]
* [[OC Weekly]]
==Marejeo==
# Savannah Blackwell, [http://www.sfbg.com/37/18/news_newtimes.html "New Times nailed"]{{Wayback|url=http://www.sfbg.com/37/18/news_newtimes.html |date=20090809013334 }}, sfbg.com, 29 Januari 2003.
# David Carr, [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/19/business/media/19cnd-arrest.html?bl&ex=1192939200&en=28947383a6d6c21c&ei=5087%0A "Media Executives Arrested in Phoenix"], The New York Times, 19 Oktoba 2007.
==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://www.sfbg.com/37/18/news_newtimes.html Kampuni mzazi ya SF Weekly inashtakiwa kuvunja Sheria]{{Wayback|url=http://www.sfbg.com/37/18/news_newtimes.html |date=20090809013334 }}
* [http://www.gawker.com/news/village-voice/village-voice-sells-its-soul-to-new-times-132712.php Village Voice:Gawker.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gawker.com/news/village-voice/village-voice-sells-its-soul-to-new-times-132712.php |date=20100521074955 }}
* [http://www.villagevoicemedia.com Tovuti rasmi ya Village Voice]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assets_owned_by_Village_Voice_Media Orodha ya mali inayomilikiwa na Village Voice Media]
{{Village Voice Media}}
[[Category:Kampuni za Marekani]]
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Pikipiki
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[[Faili:Yamaha SR 500 Köln-20140321-RM-100226.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]] SR baiskeli ya mtindo wa kawaida]]
[[Faili:IndiaMotorcycle.jpg|thumb|300px|Watu wawili juu ya pikipiki nchini Uhindi]]
[[Faili:URAL650-SPORTSMAN.jpg|thumb|300px|Pikipiki ya Kirusi yenye behewa ya kando]]
[[Faili:Italian professional motorcycle racer and multiple MotoGP World Champion Valentino Rossi in action in the day 1 of Qatar test at the Losail International Circuit. (33220830442).jpg|thumb|300px|Pikipiki ya michezo wakati wa mashindano ya mbio]]
'''Pikipiki''' {{Audio|LL-Q7838 (swa)-Byera04-Pikipiki.wav|pronunciation}} ni chombo cha usafiri chenye [[magurudumu]] mawili kinachoendeshwa kwa nguvu ya [[injini]], ama ya mwako ndani ama ya [[umeme]].
Chanzo cha pikipiki kilikuwa [[baisikeli]] iliyoboreshwa kwa kuongezwa injini.
==Injini==
Pikipiki ndogo huwa mara nyingi na injini ya mapigo mawili lakini kubwa huwa na injini za mapigo manne. Mara nyingi ni injini za [[petroli]] kuna pia za [[diseli]]. Injini za umeme zimeanza kutumiwa juzijuzi tu zinaenea polepole katika nchi zilizoendelea.
Nguvu ya injini hupelekwa kwenda gurudumu la nyuma kwa njia ya mnyororo. Pikipiki kubwa huwa pia na mhimili kutoka injini hadi gurudumu la nyuma.
==Uwezo wa pikipiki==
Kwa kawaida pikipiki huendeshwa na mtu mmoja lakini inaweza kuchukua pia abiria mmoja1 au wawili ingawa ni 1 tu anayeruhusiwa. Pikipiki inaweza kusafirisha hata mizigo midogo. Kuna pia mabehewa ya kando yanayoongezwa kando la pikipiki au trela inayovutwa nayo.
== Aina za pikipiki ==
Pikipiki za barabara sawa (street motorcycle): muundo wa pikipiki hizi huziwezesha kutumia barabara za lami.
Pikipiki za barabara za vijijini (off-road bike): hizi huweza kutumia barabara zisizo na ukarabati
Pikipiki za barabara zote (dual bikes): hizi huweza kutumia barabara za lami au za vijiji.
==Pikipiki na motokaa==
Pikipiki zilijitokeza wakati ule kama [[motokaa]]. Mtu mmoja husafiri kwa gharama kidogo kwa pikipiki kuliko kwa gari. Tofauti na magari pikipiki haina kinga dhidi ya mvua, baridi au joto kali. Lakini pikipiki ni nyepesi na kwa sababu hiyo huwa na mbio kushinda motokaa. Hata hivyo ni hatari zaidi kuitumia kwa sababu dereva hana kinga dhidi ya ajali. Kwa sababu hiyo kuna nguo za kinga kama kofia ya pikipiki na nyingine.
==Matumizi ya pikipiki==
[[File:Zémidjan Parakou 2.jpg|thumb|[[Boda boda]] ([[Benin]]).]]
Kimsingi pikipiki hutengenezwa kwa kumbeba dereva pamoja na abiria 1.
* [[Boda boda]] za pikipiki hubeba abiria kama [[teksi]].
* Pikipiki hutumiwa hasa mjini kubeba mizigo midogo kama spea au barua kati ya ofisi na maduka.
* Migahawa yenye huduma ya kuwapelekea wateja chakula hadi nyumbani husafirisha mara nyingi kwa pikipiki wakipokea maagizo kwa njia ya simu.
* Wakulima wasio na uwezo wa kununua gari hubeba mazao hadi sokoni kwa pikipiki.
* Katika nchi zilizoendelea watu wenye motokaa hutumia pikipiki mara nyingi kwa burudani au michezo.
== Historia ya pikipiki ==
Pikipiki ya kwanza iliyotumia [[petroli]] na mfumo wa internal combustion iliitwa Daimler Raitwagen na ilitengenezwa na [[Wajerumani]] wawili kwa jina [[Gottlieb Daimler]] na [[Wilhelm Maybach]] mwaka [[1885]] nchini Ujerumani.
[[Vita vya kwanza vya dunia]] vilichangia pakubwa katika uboreshaji wa pikipiki. [[Wanajeshi]] waliona kuwa walikuwa wakitumia muda mrefu sana kusafiri kwa [[miguu]] au [[farasi]] na kwa hiyo, mahitaji ya pikipiki yakaweza mengi. Kampuni ya Harley-Davidson ilijipata ikitumia takribani asilimia hamsini ya wakati wake katika kutengeneza pikipiki za wanajeshi waliokuwa kwenye vita.
== Pikipiki za leo ==
Hivi leo, utengenezaji wa pikipiki umechukuliwa sana na Wahindi pamoja na Wajapani. Nchi za Afrika na Asia zimekuwa zikinunua pikipiki kwa wingi kwa minajili ya usafiri haswa kwenye barabara zisizo lami, zenye mawe ambako magari hayawezi yakapenya. Hizi pikipiki za porini huweza kusafiri katika mazingira magumu, kutumia mafuta yasiyo mengi na kupenya vijijini visivyo na barabara nzuri (zenye makorongo na mawe).
==Tanbihi==
{{marejeo}}
{{Commonscat|Motorcycles}}
{{tech-stub}}
[[Category:Usafiri| ]]
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Uruk
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[[Picha:Male bust Louvre AO10921.jpg|thumb|250px|Sanamu ya mfalme Lugal-kisal-si wa Uruk (makumbusho ya [[Louvre]], [[Paris]])]]
[[Picha:Meso2mil.JPG|thumb|250px|Ramani inaonyesha mahali pa Uruk kati ya miji ya Mesopotamia ya Kale (kusini kabisa)]]
, king of Uruk
'''Uruk''' (jina katika Biblia: Erech; jina la leo kwa Kiarabu: وركاء ''warkā'') ilikuwa mji wa [[Wasumeri]] katika [[Mesopotamia]] ya Kale. Baadaye ilikuwa sehemu ya milki ya [[Babeli]]. Mahali pake palikuwa kando la mto Frati uliohama na kupita sasa 30 km kutoka mahali pa Uruk.
Uruk ilikuwa mahali muhimu katika maendeleo ya miji katika Mesopotamia wakati wa milenia ya 4 KK. Kipindi chake cha kustawi hasa kilikuwa mnamo mwaka 2900 KK ilipokuwa na wakazi 50,000 – 80,000 waliokalia eneo la kilimita za mraba 6 ndani ya kut zake.
Mfalme mashuhuri wa mji huu alikuwa [[Gilgamesh]] manmo mwaka 2600 KK. Wakati wa vita kati ya Babeli na [[Elami]] umuhimu wa Uruk uliungua. Watu waliendelea kuishi hapa kwa karne nyingi hadi wakati wa [[nasaba ya Sassanidi]] miaka michache kabl ya upanuzi wa [[Uislamu]].
Mahali pa Uruk palitambuliwa tena 1849 na [[wanaakiolojia]] chini ya William Kennett Loftus aliyeongoza uchimbaji hapa kuanzia 1850.
Inaaminiwa ya kwamba jina la Kiarabu "Iraq" kwa sehemu ya kusini ya Mesopotamia limetokana na Uruk.
==Viungo vya Nje==
*[http://www.scienceblog.com/cms/node/9508/print Earliest evidence for large scale organized warfare in the Mesopotamian world (Hamoukar vs. Uruk?]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116135828/http://cdli.ucla.edu/wiki/doku.php/uruk_mod._warka Uruk at CDLI wiki]
*[http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/section2/c225.htm Lament for Unug] {{Wayback|url=http://www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/section2/c225.htm |date=20110605231432 }} {{Language icon|sux}}
*[http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1099592.html Archaeological Expedition Mapping Ancient City Of Uruk in 2002]
*[http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/result.pt?result_format=list&size=11000&-op_provenience=ct&provenience=uruk Digital images of tablets from Uruk - CDLI] {{Wayback|url=http://cdli.ucla.edu/search/result.pt?result_format=list&size=11000&-op_provenience=ct&provenience=uruk |date=20110617024441 }}
[[Category:Mesopotamia]]
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Umisionari
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'''Umisionari''' ni [[utendaji]] unaolenga kueneza [[dini]] fulani, hasa zile zinazokusudiwa kuwa za kimataifa kutokana na misingi ya [[imani]] yake, kwamba ndivyo [[Mungu]] anavyotaka na alivyoagiza.
Asili ya [[neno]] hilo ni ''missio'' (kwa [[Kilatini]] ''[[utume]]'').
''[[Mmisionari]]'' au ''mwanamisheni'' ndiye [[mtu]] anayefanya [[kazi]] hiyo, hasa katika maeneo ambayo dini hiyo haipo au haijakua.
Mara nyingi wamisionari wanachangia pia [[maendeleo]] ya [[jamii]], hasa kupitia [[elimu]], [[utabibu]], utunzaji wa watoto [[yatima]] na walioathiriwa na [[vita]] na [[maradhi]] mbalimbali.
Pengine uenezaji wa dini unatumia [[mbinu]] zisizokubalika kijamii, kama vile kulazimisha kwa namna moja au nyingine mtu asiyetumwa na [[moyo]] wake kukubali dini mpya.
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Wiktionary}}
* [http://www.irla.org/documents/articles/lerner-proselytism.html Proselytism, Change of Religion, and International Human Rights, by Natan Lerner, PhD]{{Wayback|url=http://www.irla.org/documents/articles/lerner-proselytism.html |date=20090817035355 }}
{{mbegu-dini}}
[[Jamii:Dini]]
[[Jamii:Ukristo]]
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Ukoo wa Yesu
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[[File:St Denis transept south.jpg|thumb|270px|[[Kioo cha rangi]] chenye [[umbo]] la [[waridi]] katika [[Basilika]] la [[Denis wa Paris|Mtakatifu Denis]], [[Ufaransa]], ambacho kinaonyesha vizazi vya ukoo wa Yesu kuanzia [[Yese]].]]
[[File:Genealogy of Jesus mosaic at Chora (1).jpg|thumb|270px|[[Kuba (jengo)]] ya [[kusini]] katika [[kanisa]] la [[Chora]], [[Istanbul]], inayoonyesha vizazi vya Yesu kuanzia Adamu.]]
{{Yesu Kristo}}
'''Ukoo wa Yesu''' unapatikana katika [[vitabu]] viwili vya [[Agano Jipya]]: [[Injili ya Mathayo]] ambayo inaorodhesha [[kizazi|vizazi]] kuanzia [[Abrahamu]] hadi kwa [[Yosefu (mume wa Maria)]], na [[Injili ya Luka]] inayorudi nyuma kuanzia Yosefu hadi kwa [[Adamu]], aliyeumbwa na [[Mungu]] mwenyewe.
[[Injili]] hizo zote [[mbili]] zinasisitiza kwamba Yosefu si [[mzazi]] wa [[Yesu]], kwa kuwa [[Bikira Maria]] alipata [[mimba]] kwa uwezo wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]].
Pia zinasisitiza kwamba Yesu ni [[Mwana wa Daudi]], yaani kwa njia ya Yosefu, ambaye kinasaba anatokana na [[mfalme]] huyo maarufu wa [[Agano la Kale]], ana [[haki]] ya kurithi [[cheo]] chake.
Hata hivyo [[Jina|majina]] mengi ni tofauti katika orodha hizo mbili, kiasi kwamba [[wataalamu]] wanatoa maelezo mbalimbali kuhusiana na [[desturi]] za [[Israeli]] wakati ule, kwa mfano katika kutumia orodha ya vizazi, na kutokana na malengo ya [[Wainjili]] hao<ref>Marcus J. Borg, John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas (HarperCollins, 2009) page 95.</ref><ref>R. T. France, ''The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary'' (Eerdmans, 1985) page 71.</ref>, ambao wote wawili walitaka kusisitiza kihisabati kwamba Yesu amefika kwa wakati mwafaka uliopangwa na Mungu kwa makini (vizazi 14x3 kadiri ya Mathayo; 7x11 kadiri ya Luka).
Akiwaandikia [[Wayahudi]], [[mwinjili Mathayo]] alitaka kusisitiza kwamba Yesu ni Daudi mpya, lakini pia mrithi wa Abrahamu katika kuwa [[baraka]] kwa [[mataifa]] yote.
Akiwaandikia watu wa mataifa, [[mwinjili Luka]] alitaka kuonyesha kwamba Yesu ni mwana wa Adamu, hivyo anahusiana na [[binadamu]] wote.
==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category|Genealogy of Jesus Christ}}
*[http://www.wga.hu/html/m/michelan/3sistina/6lunette/ Information on the Michelangelo frescoes]
*[http://www.greeknewtestament.com/B40C001.htm#V16 Multiple translations]
*[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/emmerich/lifemary.v.html Anne Catherine Emmerich, ''Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary'']
*[http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/genealogy_of_Jesus.htm Bible Study Manual on Genealogy of Jesus]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://www.complete-bible-genealogy.com/genealogy_of_jesus.htm Genealogy of Jesus] at Complete-Bible-Genealogy.com
*[http://www.direct.ca/trinity/duel.html Dueling Genealogies] Why there are two different genealogies for Jesus.
*[http://www.rtforum.org/lt/lt11.html New Light on the Genealogies of Jesus]
{{mbegu-Biblia}}
[[Category:Yesu Kristo]]
[[Category:Injili]]
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Uzima wa milele
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[[File:Fountain of Eternal Life crop.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Fountain of Eternal Life]]'' huko [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], [[Marekani]]. Inamaanisha "Binadamu kuinuka juu ya [[kifo]], akimuelekea Mungu na [[Amani]]".<ref name="GVCM">{{cite web|url=http://www.clevelandvetsmemorial.org/GCVM_History.html|title=GCVM History and Mission|accessdate=2009-01-14|publisher=Greater Cleveland Veteran's Memorial, Inc.|year=2003|author=Marshall Fredericks|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216170723/http://www.clevelandvetsmemorial.org/GCVM_History.html|archivedate=2009-02-16}}</ref>]]
'''Uzima wa milele''' ni hali ya kuishi bila mwisho.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/immortality?region=us |title=Oxford English Dictionary "Immortality" |accessdate=2014-09-18 |archivedate=2020-05-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531013557/https://languages.oup.com/ }}</ref>
[[Biolojia]] inaonyesha kuwa [[uhai]] wa [[mwili]] una mipaka, wala [[sayansi]] na [[teknolojia]] hazijaweza kuivuka.
Hata hivyo, toka zamani [[binadamu]] ameonyesha kwa njia nyingi [[hamu]] ya kuendelea kuishi kwa namna moja au nyingine.
[[Utenzi wa Gilgamesh]], kimoja kati ya [[vitabu]] vya kwanza vya [[fasihi andishi]] ([[karne ya 22 KK]] hivi), kinasimulia habari za [[mtu]] aliyetaka kuishi [[milele]].<ref name="Garreau">{{cite journal |author=Joel Garreau |authorlink=Joel Garreau |title=The Invincible Man |date=October 31, 2007 |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/30/AR2007103002222_pf.html |pages=C01 |journal=The Washington Post}}</ref>
==Katika dini mbalimbali==
Katika [[dini]] mbalimbali, [[uzima]] wa milele unatarajiwa kutoka kwa [[Mwenyezi Mungu]] (au [[miungu]]) kama [[tuzo]] kwa matu aliyefuata [[uadilifu]] wakati wa kuishi [[dunia]]ni.
==Katika Ukristo==
Neno “uzima wa milele” ni adimu katika [[Agano la Kale]], ambamo yote yanaelekea ujio wa [[Mwokozi]] aliyeahidiwa. Kumbe katika mahubiri ya Yesu yote yanaelekea moja kwa moja uzima wa milele. Tukizingatia kwa makini maneno yake tutaona jinsi uzima huo ulivyo tofauti na maisha yajayo yaliyozungumziwa na [[wanafalsafa]] bora (k.mf. [[Plato]]) kama hali ya [[maumbile|kimaumbile]] tu na isiyo ya hakika. Mwokozi anaongelea kwa hakika uzima wa milele, bora, usio na jana, leo wala kesho, unaopita maumbile na usiopimika, kama ule wa ndani ya Mungu, kwa kuwa unashiriki umilele wake usiobadilika. Uzima wa milele ndio [[ahadi]] kuu ya [[Yesu]] kwa wafuasi wake, hasa kadiri ya [[Injili ya Yohane]]. Sura ya 17 ya [[Injili]] hiyo inafafanua uzima wa milele kuwa [[uhusiano]] na [[Mungu]] na [[Yesu Kristo]] mwenyewe.
Kwa ahadi hiyo, sisi wanyonge tunaweza kushiriki uzima wa milele wa Mungu: hapa [[duniani]] katika [[mwanga]] hafifu wa [[imani]], na kisha [[Mauti|kufa]] katika [[uangavu]] wa [[utukufu]] usiofifia kamwe. Kwa kuwa lengo la [[Mungu Baba|Baba]] ni kwamba tuungane na Yesu [[Mungu Mwana|Mwanae]] kwa [[uwezo]] wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]] ili tuwe na utukufu wake. “Na uzima wa milele ndio huu, Wakujue wewe, Mungu wa pekee wa kweli, na Yesu Kristo uliyemtuma” (Yoh 17:3). “Kwa kuwa uweza wake wa Uungu umetukirimia vitu vyote vipasavyo uzima na utauwa, kwa kumjua yeye aliyetuita kwa utukufu wake na wema wake mwenyewe. Tena kwa hayo ametukirimia ahadi kubwa mno, za thamani, ili kwamba kwa hizo mpate kuwa washirika wa tabia ya Uungu, mkiokolewa na uharibifu uliomo duniani kwa sababu ya tamaa” ([[2Pet]] 1:3-4). Sisi tuliobatizwa tunaitwa “wana wa Mungu; na ndivyo tulivyo!” ([[1Yoh]] 3:1). Kwa sababu tumesadiki kwamba “Mungu ni upendo” (1Yoh 4:8) na kwamba “hakuna lisilowezekana kwa Bwana” ([[Lk]] 1:37). “Na kwa kuwa ninyi mmekuwa wana, Mungu alimtuma Roho wa Mwanawe mioyoni mwetu, aliaye, ‘Aba!’ yaani, ‘Baba!’ Kama ni hivyo, wewe si mtumwa tena bali u mwana; na kama u mwana, basi, u mrithi kwa Mungu” ([[Gal]] 4:6-7).
Yesu alifundisha kuwa “njia imesonga iendayo uzimani” (Math 7:14) na kuwa tukitaka kuupata ni lazima tuache [[dhambi]] na kushika [[amri za Mungu]] (taz. [[Math]] 19:17). Mara kadhaa alisema kuwa anayemwamini “yuna uzima wa milele” (Yoh 5:24; 6:40,47), maana yake anayemsadiki kuwa Mwana wa Mungu kwa imani hai, inayoambatana na [[upendo]] na utekelezaji wa amri, ameshaanza kuwa na uzima wa milele. Ndivyo alivyosema tangu aanze kuhubiri, “Heri walio maskini wa roho, maana ufalme wa mbinguni ni wao... Heri wenye njaa na kiu ya haki, maana hao watashibishwa... Heri wenye moyo safi, maana hao watamwona Mungu” (Math 5:3,6,8). Uzima wa milele ni kushiba huko na kumuona Mungu katika ufalme wake. Kwa namna ya pekee, wanaoteswa kwa kufanya atakavyo Mungu wanaambiwa, “Furahini na kushangilia, kwa kuwa thawabu yenu ni kubwa mbinguni” (Math 5:12). Yesu akajieleza zaidi kabla ya mateso yake aliposema, “Baba... ulimpa Mwanao mamlaka juu ya wote wenye mwili, ili kwamba wote uliompa awape uzima wa milele. Na uzima wa milele ndio huu: wakujue wewe, Mungu wa pekee wa kweli, na Yesu Kristo uliyemtuma” (Yoh 17:1-3).
“Wapenzi, sasa tu wana wa Mungu, wala haijadhihirika bado tutakavyokuwa; lakini twajua ya kuwa atakapodhihirishwa, tutafanana naye, kwa maana tutamwona kama alivyo” (1Yoh 3:2), yaani si kwa kuzingatia mng'ao wa sifa zake katika [[viumbe]] (vile vinavyoonekana, pamoja na roho za watakatifu zinazojitokeza katika maneno na matendo yao), bali moja kwa moja jinsi alivyo. “Wakati wa sasa tunaona kwa kioo kwa jinsi ya fumbo; wakati ule tutaona uso kwa uso; wakati wa sasa nafahamu kwa sehemu; wakati ule nitajua sana kama mimi nami ninavyojuliwa sana” ([[1Kor]] 13:12). Mtume Paulo hakusema nitamjua ninavyojijua mpaka ndani; kwa sababu najifahamu kuliko wengine, lakini mimi pia sielewi yote niliyonayo ndani, k.mf. siwezi kupima uzito wote wa dhambi zangu. Mungu tu ananijua fika: yeye tu anaelewa kikamilifu [[siri]] za [[moyo]] wangu. [[Mbinguni]] nitamjua anavyonijua, moja kwa moja, pasipo kupitia kiumbe chochote wala [[wazo]] lolote la kimaumbile, kwa sababu hakuna wazo la namna hiyo linaloweza kumchora Mungu na ukweli wake usio na mipaka. Kila wazo la namna hiyo linazingatia sifa mojawapo ya Mungu (k.mf. wema). Mawazo hayo mbalimbali hayatoshi kutujulisha dhati yake, umoja usiogawanyika kamwe. Mawazo hayo yanahusiana na uzima wake wa ndani kama vile rangi saba za upinde wa mvua zinavyohusiana na mwanga mweupe ambao zinatokana nao. Hapa duniani sisi ni kama tumeona hizo rangi saba na sasa tunatamani kuona huo mwanga mweupe unaozisababisha. Kabla hatujaona umungu wenyewe hatuwezi kuona ulinganifu wa dhati wa sifa zake, hasa huruma isiyo na mipaka na haki isiyo na mipaka. Mawazo yetu kuhusu sifa za Mungu ni vipande tu vya sura nzima, ambavyo vinaleta picha ya Mungu isiyopendeza vya kutosha. Tukifikiria haki yake, inaonekana ni kali mno, na tukifikiria upendeleo wa huruma yake unaonekana kwenda kinyume cha haki. Tukitafakari zaidi tunakiri kuwa ndani ya Mungu haki na huruma ni kitu kimoja, hazitofautiani kweli. Tunaungama hivyo kwa hakika, lakini hatujaona ulinganifu wa dhati wa sifa hizo, kwa kuwa unadai tutazame umungu ulivyo, moja kwa moja, pasipo mawazo ya kimaumbile.
Mtazamo huo ndio uzima wa milele. Nani anaweza kueleza ukuu usiopimika wa [[furaha]] na upendo utakaokuwemo ndani mwetu kutokana na mtazamo huo? Upendo wa Mungu wenye nguvu na wa moja kwa moja, hivi kwamba hakuna lolote litakaloweza kuupunguza; kwa upendo huo tutamfurahia hasa Mungu kuwa Mungu, mtakatifu, mwenye [[haki]] na [[huruma]] pasipo mipaka, na tutaabudu mipango yote ya maongozi yake iliyolenga kufunua wema wake. Tutazama katika heri yake, alivyosema Mwokozi, “Vema, mtumwa mwema na uaminifu; ulikuwa mwaminifu kwa machache, nitakuweka juu ya mengi; ingia katika furaha ya bwana wako” (Math 25:21,23). Tutamuona Mungu vile anavyojiona, ingawa hatutaweza kumaliza vilindi vya hali yake, vya upendo wake na vya uweza wake. Pia tutampenda anavyojipenda. Vilevile tutamuona Bwana wetu Yesu Kristo. Ndiyo heri ya milele yenyewe, mbali ya furaha ya ziada tutakayokuwanayo kwa kuwaona na kuwapenda Bikira Maria na watakatifu wote, hasa tuliowafahamu duniani.
==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist}}
==Marejeo==
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Thursday's Fictions |last=Allen |first=Richard James |authorlink=Richard James Allen |year=1999 |publisher=Five Islands Press |location=Wollongong |isbn=0-86418-596-0}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Rapture: How Biotech Became the New Religion |url=https://archive.org/details/rapturehowbiotec0000alex |last=Alexander |first=Brian |authorlink=Alexander Bolonkin (author) |year=2003 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-7382-0761-6}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Rapture: Human Immortality and Electronic Civilization|last=Bolonkin |first=Alexander |authorlink=Brian Alexander (author) |year=2010 |publisher=Publish America|isbn= 978-1-4489-3367-9}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality: How Science Is Extending Your Life Span-and Changing the World |last=Bova |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Bova |year=2000 |publisher=New York |location=Avon |isbn=0-380-79318-0}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality: The Quest to Live Forever and How it Drives Civilization |url=https://archive.org/details/immortalityquest0000cave |last=Cave |first=Stephen |year=2012 |publisher=Crown |isbn= 0-307-88491-0}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality of the Soul or Resurrection of the Dead? |url=http://www.geocities.com/pastorkeith/cullmann.html |last=Cullmann |first=Oscar |authorlink=Oscar Cullmann |year=1955 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026200705/http://geocities.com/pastorkeith/cullmann.html |archivedate=2009-10-26 |access-date=2014-09-18 |dead-url=yes }}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Greek Resurrection Beliefs and the Success of Christianity |url=https://archive.org/details/greekresurrectio0000ends |last=Endsjø |first=Dag Øistein |authorlink=Dag Øistein Endsjø |year=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=New York |isbn= 0-230-61729-8}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |last=de Grey |first=Aubrey |authorlink=Aubrey de Grey |author2=Rae, Michael |title=[[Ending Aging|Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime]] |publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]] |date = September 2007|location=New York, New York |page=416 |isbn=0-312-36706-6}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Immortality |url=https://archive.org/details/immortality0000unse |last=Edwards |first=Paul |authorlink=Paul Edwards (philosopher) |year=1997 |publisher=Prometheus Books |isbn=1-57392-130-0}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Immortalist Manifesto: Stay Young & Save the World |last=Elixxir |year=2001 |publisher=Authorhouse Books |isbn=0-7596-5339-9}}
* {{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rfreitas.com/Nano/DeathIsAnOutrage.htm |title=Death is an Outrage |accessdate=2008-02-14 |year=2002 |author=Freitas Jr., Robert A. |authorlink=Robert A. Freitas Jr.}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Merchants of Immortality: Chasing the Dream of Human Life Extension |url=https://archive.org/details/merchantsofimmor0000hall |last=Hall |first=Stephen S. |year=2003 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location=Boston |isbn=0-618-09524-1}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Scientific Conquest Of Death |url=https://archive.org/details/scientificconque0000unse |last=Immortality Institute |year=2004 |publisher=Libros En Red |isbn=987-561-135-2}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Forever For All: Moral philosophy, Cryonics, and the Scientific Prospects for Immortality |url=https://archive.org/details/foreverforallmor0000perr_a6x6 |last=Perry |first=R. Michael |year=2000 |publisher=New York: Universal Publishers |location=New York: Universal Publishers |isbn=1-58112-724-3}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=A Beginner's Guide to Immortality: Extraordinary People, Alien Brains, and Quantum Resurrection |url=https://archive.org/details/beginnersguideto0000pick |last=Pickover |first=Clifford |authorlink=Clifford Pickover |year=2007 |publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press |location=New York |isbn=1-56025-984-1}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Psyche: The Cult of Souls and Belief in Immortality among the Greeks |url=https://archive.org/details/psychecultofsoul0002erwi |last=Rohde |first=Erwin |authorlink=Erwin Rohde |year=1925 |publisher=Harper & Row |location=New York}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Christian Doctrine of Immortality |url=http://www.archive.org/download/cu31924029320524/cu31924029320524.pdf |last=Salmond |first=Stewart |authorlink=Stewart Salmond |year=1903}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=The Immortal Cell: One Scientist's Quest to Solve the Mystery of Human Aging |url=https://archive.org/details/imortalcell0000unse |last=West |first=Michael D. |year=2003 |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=0-385-50928-6}}
==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://scienceray.com/biology/scientists-are-close-to-finding-a-way-to-be-immortal/ Scientists are Close to Finding a Way to be Immortal]{{Wayback|url=http://scienceray.com/biology/scientists-are-close-to-finding-a-way-to-be-immortal/ |date=20131214154028 }}
* [[Turritopsis nutricula]]:[http://www.palscience.com/2009/01/28/the-only-immortal-species-on-planet-earth Palscience] Meet The Only Immortal Species on Planet Earth
* [http://www.methuselahfoundation.com/ The Methuselah Foundation] Aubrey de Grey's non-profit organization dedicated to finding a cure for aging
* [http://www.kurzweilai.net/ KurzweilAI.net] Ray Kurzweil resource site
* [http://www.biologicalgerontology.com BiologicalGerontology.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.biologicalgerontology.com/ |date=20060427070357 }} Chris Smelick's Biogerontology site
* [http://www.vitaeinstitute.org/ Vitae Institute] Chris Smelick's non-profit organization
* [http://www.elpistheory.info/ ELPIs Theory] {{Wayback|url=http://www.elpistheory.info/ |date=20110907145429 }} Marios Kyriazis' theory of human biological immortality
* [http://www.longecity.org/ Immortality Institute]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Scientific and sociological discussions, activism, research
===Mtazamo wa kidini na wa kiroho===
* [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-76 "Death and Immortality"] {{Wayback|url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-76 |date=20070311081839 }} ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'', etext at the University of Virginia Library
* [http://bibletopicsonline.org/immortality-what-will-eternal-life-be-like "Immortality"] {{Wayback|url=http://bibletopicsonline.org/immortality-what-will-eternal-life-be-like |date=20110725070217 }} ''Immortality – What Will Eternal Life Be Like?''
* ''[http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/V/VogelImmortality/VogelImmortality.PDF The Immortality of the Soul and the Resurrection of the Body] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/V/VogelImmortality/VogelImmortality.PDF |date=20070614100206 }}'' Lecture by Heinrich J. Vogel
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/27237 ''An Essay on the Scriptural Doctrine of Immortality''] by James Challis
* [http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/M/MeyerEternity/MeyerEternity.PDF ''Eternity: Christ’s Return, Chiliasm, Resurrection of the Dead, Judgment, Hell, Luther on Eternity, Heaven''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/M/MeyerEternity/MeyerEternity.PDF |date=20070614100157 }} J.P. Meyer, ''The Northwestern Lutheran'', August 22, 1954, Vol. 41, # 17 to April 14, 1957, Vol. 44, #8
* [http://christianity.com/Christian%20Foundations/Becoming%20a%20Christian/11528905/ "How you Can Have Eternal Life"] {{Wayback|url=http://christianity.com/Christian%20Foundations/Becoming%20a%20Christian/11528905/ |date=20071208162525 }} Jack Graham, PowerPoint Ministries, Christianity.com
* [http://www.gotquestions.org/eternal-life.html Got Eternal Life?] Got Questions Ministries
* [http://www.personaltao.com/tao/immortality.pdf Immortality] Taoist essay, personaltao.com
* [http://www.yogam.org The Trial to Conquer Death] Ancient Scientific Yoga – The First Atom's Final Attempt
* [http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Fenwick%20Book%20Review%20Human%20Immortality;%20%20Death%20and%20Adjustment%20Hypotheses%20Elaborated.x.x.pdf] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/pdf/Fenwick%20Book%20Review%20Human%20Immortality;%20%20Death%20and%20Adjustment%20Hypotheses%20Elaborated.x.x.pdf |date=20130518024043 }} A review by Dr. Peter Fenwick of the book Human Immortality by Mohammad Samir Hossain
* [https://sw.kingdomsalvation.org/only-christ-of-the-last-days-can-give-man-the-way-of-eternal-life.html uzima wa milele]
===Katika fasihi===
* Mary Shelley's ''[http://wondersmith.com/scifi/mortal.htm The Mortal Immortal]''
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[[Jamii:Falsafa]]
[[Category:Dini]]
[[Jamii:Uyahudi]]
[[Jamii:Ukristo]]
[[Jamii:Uislamu]]
22g3izehkmy2eyzw0iehgu1ypfcjgl7
Uasilia
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[[File:Hopetoun falls.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Hopetoun Falls]], [[Australia]].]]
[[File:Galunggung.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Umeme]] ukiangaza wakati wa milipuko ya [[volkeno]] [[Galunggung]], [[Java]], [[Indonesia]], [[1982]].]]
'''Uasilia''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''nature'', [[neno]] linatokana na lile la [[Kilatini]] ''natura'' ambalo linamaanisha "tabia ya kuzaliwa nayo" na lilikuwa [[tafsiri]] ya neno la [[Kigiriki]] ''φύσις, physis'' lililotumiwa na [[washairi]] na [[wanafalsafa]] wa kwanza.<ref>A useful though somewhat erratically presented account of the pre-Socratic use of the concept of φύσις may be found in Naddaf, Gerard ''The Greek Concept of Nature'', SUNY Press, 2006. The word φύσις, while first used in connection with a plant in Homer, occurs very early in Greek philosophy, and in several senses. Generally, these senses match rather well the current senses in which the English word ''nature'' is used, as confirmed by Guthrie, W.K.C. ''Presocratic Tradition from Parmenides to Democritus'' (volume 2 of his ''History of Greek Philosophy''), Cambridge UP, 1965.</ref><ref>The first known use of ''physis'' was by [[Homer]] in reference to the intrinsic qualities of a plant: ὣς ἄρα φωνήσας πόρε φάρμακον ἀργεϊφόντης ἐκ γαίης ἐρύσας, καί μοι '''φύσιν''' αὐτοῦ ἔδειξε. (So saying, Argeiphontes [=Hermes] gave me the herb, drawing it from the ground, and showed me its '''nature'''.) ''[[Odyssey]]'' 10.302-3 (ed. A.T. Murray). (The word is dealt with thoroughly in Liddell and Scott's ''[http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/pollux Greek Lexicon] {{Wayback|url=http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/pollux |date=20110305235638 }}''.) For later but still very early Greek uses of the term, see earlier note.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ducarme |first1=Frédéric |last2=Couvet |first2=Denis |year=2020 |title=What does 'nature' mean? |journal=Palgrave Communications |volume=6 |issue=14 |publisher= |pages= |doi=10.1057/s41599-020-0390-y }}</ref> ), maana yake ni [[ulimwengu]] ulivyokuwa kwa [[asili]], kabla ya [[binadamu]] kuuathiri kwa [[utamaduni]] na hasa kwa [[ustaarabu]] wake, uliokuza [[teknolojia]] inayomwezesha kufanya mengi, mazuri na mabaya, pengine mambo yanayoleta faida ya haraka lakini yana madhara makubwa kwa siku za mbele.
Uasilia wote unasomwa kwa mpango na [[sayansi]] katika [[Tawi|matawi]] yake yote.
==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist}}
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.iucnredlist.org/ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (iucnredlist.org)]
* [http://www.wild.org/ The Wild Foundation – The heart of the global wilderness conservation movement (wild.org)]*
* [http://www.fauna-flora.org/ Fauna & Flora International is taking decisive action to help save the world’s wild species and spaces (fauna-flora.org)]
* [http://www.eurowildlife.org European Wildlife is a Pan-European non-profit organization dedicated to nature preservation and environmental protection (eurowildlife.org)]
* [http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html Nature Journal (nature.com)]
* [http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ The National Geographic Society (nationalgeographic.com)]
* [http://www.arkive.org Record of life on Earth (arkive.org)]{{Wayback|url=http://www.arkive.org/ |date=20160427162729 }} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/ BBC – Science and Nature (bbc.co.uk)]
* [http://www.pbs.org/topics/science-nature/ PBS – Science and Nature (pbs.org)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pbs.org/topics/science-nature/ |date=20150317023819 }}
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/plants_animals/ Science Daily (sciencedaily.com)]
* [http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/index_en.htm European Commission – Nature and Biodiversity (ec.europa.eu)]
* [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/ Natural History Museum (.nhm.ac.uk)]
* [http://eol.org/ Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org)].
* [http://www.science.gov/browse/w_123.htm Science.gov – Environment & Environmental Quality] {{Wayback|url=http://www.science.gov/browse/w_123.htm |date=20020808080158 }}.
* {{cite journal |last1=Ducarme |first1=Frédéric |last2=Couvet |first2=Denis |year=2020 |title=What does 'nature' mean? |journal=Palgrave Communications |volume=6 |issue=14 |publisher= |pages= |doi=10.1057/s41599-020-0390-y }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Ducarme |first1=Frédéric |last2=Flipo|first2=Fabrice|last3=Couvet |first3=Denis |year=2020 |title=How the diversity of human concepts of nature affects conservation of biodiversity |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=34 |issue=6 |publisher= |pages= |doi=10.1111/cobi.13639 }}
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[[Category:Ekolojia]]
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5c46fc8u0abkm4o2aa7yi75814gyh9h
Ukulele
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[[Picha:Red Ukulele.JPG|thumb| Ukulele]]
'''Ukulele''' ni [[ala]] ya [[muziki]] yenye [[nyuzi]] [[nne]] ingawa nyuzi [[sita]] au [[nane]] pia huweza kutumiwa. Ala hii ilianzishwa [[karne ya 19]] huko [[Hawaii]] na [[wahamiaji]] wa [[Kireno]] kutoka [[Madeira]] na [[Cabo Verde]] baada ya kuiga miundo ya magitaa madogo ya Kireno kama [[machete]], cavaquinho, timple na rajão. Ukulele ilipata umaarufu huko [[Marekani]] katika [[karne ya 20]] na baadaye umaarufu wake ukaenea [[dunia]] nzima.
Wahamiaji watatu ambao walikuwa ni watengeneza makabati, [[Manuel Nunes]], [[José do Espírito Santo]], na [[Augusto Dias]] wanaaminika kuwa ni watu wa kwanza kutengeneza ukulele.
Moja ya sababu zilizofanya ukulele kuwa ni moja ya ala muhimu kwenye muziki wa Kihawaii na [[utamaduni]] wake ilikuwa msaada mkubwa na uendelezaji wa ala hii uliofanywa na [[Mfalme Kalākaua]].
Ukulele kawaida huwa na ukubwa wenye kuleta [[sauti]] za aina nne: soprano, concert, tenor na baritone.
Inasemekana kuna [[ubora]] wa ukulele kama ala ya muziki kwa [[watoto]] wanaopenda kujifunza na kucheza muziki. Ukelele ni ala ambayo imetengenezwa kwa nyuzi zinazotoa sauti mbalimbali. Ubora wake kwa watumiaji ni kuwa: si ya gharama, ni nyepesi kubeba, inatoa sauti nyororo, ni nzuri kwa watumiaji wanaoanza kujifunza na ni rahisi kutumia.
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://www.tikiking.com/uke_database.html Orodha watengeneza ukulele]
* [http://www.museumofmakingmusic.org/ukulele Maonyesho yenye kutoa historia ya ukulele]
* [http://www.largesound.com/ashboryarticle/concept/ukulele Makala kuhusu ukulele ya besi]
* [https://ukutabs.com/top-tabs/99-most-popular-ukulele-songs/all-time/ Nyimbo 99 maarufu za ukulele] {{Wayback|url=https://ukutabs.com/top-tabs/99-most-popular-ukulele-songs/all-time/ |date=20171025095057 }}
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[[Jamii:Ala za muziki]]
hd0k714jft730ps31pwe7esf1ckplf1
Control Machete
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1574710
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{{Msanii muziki 2
| Jina = Control Machete
| Img =
| Img_capt =
| Landscape = Yes
| Background = group_or_band
| Asili yake = [[Monterrey, Nuevo León]], [[Mexiko]]
| Aina = [[muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
| Miaka ya kazi = 1996–2004
| Studio = [[Sony Music]]<br>[[Universal Music Group]]
| Ameshirikiana na = [[Cartel de Santa]], [[Babo]], [[Dharius]], [[Molotov (kundi)|Molotov]], [[Cypress Hill]], [[Kinto Sol]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[Akwid]], [[Locura Terminal]], [[Tupac Shakur]], [[Dyablo]], [[C-4 (mwandishi)|C-4]]
|website =
|Wanachama wa sasa = [[Fermín IV]]<br />[[Pato Machete]]<br />DJ Toy
}}
[[Picha:Fermin_IV.jpg|thumb|Picha ya tamasha ya Fermin IV mnamo 2005]]
'''Control Machete''' ilikuwa kundi la [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Monterrey, Nuevo León]], [[Meksiko]]. Wao ni [[Mwanzilishi|waanzilishi]] wa hip hop ya Meksiko. Wameuza nakala 500,000 za [[albamu]] '''Mucho Barato'''.
== Diskografia ==
* Mucho Barato (1996)
* Artillería Pesada presenta (1999)
* Solos Para Fanáticos (2002)
* Uno, Dos:Bandera (2003)
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
kdaudqtkdi93s2k54ayjav5xgz31mtm
Kinto Sol
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{{Msanii muziki 2
| Jina = Kinto Sol
| Img =
| Img_capt =
| Landscape = Yes
| Background = group_or_band
| Asili yake = Iramuco, [[Guanajuato (jimbo)|Guanajuato]], [[Meksiko]]
| Aina = [[muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
| Miaka ya kazi = 1999-hadi leo
| Studio = Virus Enterprises<br>Univision Music Group
| Ameshirikiana na = [[Akwid]], [[Control Machete]], [[Cartel de Santa]], [[Babo]], [[Dharius]], [[Fermín IV]], [[Pato Machete]], [[Cypress Hill]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[Locura Terminal]], [[Tupac Shakur]], [[Dyablo]], [[C-4 (rapper)|C-4]]
|tovuti = [http://www.kintosol.com kintosol.com]
|Wanachama wa sasa = Skribe<br />El Chivo<br />DJ Payback Garcia
}}
[[Picha:From_left_to_right-El_Chivo,_Skribe,_DJ_Payback_2014-04-10_22-10.jpeg|thumb|Kinto Sol]]
'''Kinto Sol''' ni kundi la [[hip hop]] kutoka Iramuco, [[Guanajuato (jimbo)|Guanajuato]], [[Meksiko]]. Wao ni muhimu zaidi katika [[historia]] ya [[Rap]] Mexicano na Chicano na wana mada kama [[ubaguzi wa rangi]], malinchismo, [[umaskini]] na barabara.
== Diskografia ==
* Kinto Sol (1999)
* Del Norte Al Sur (2000)
* Hecho En México (2003)
* La Sangre Nunca Muere (2005)
* Los Hijos Del Maíz (2007)
* Cárcel De Sueños (2009)
* El Ultimo Suspiro (2010)
* Familia, Fe y Patria (2012)
* La Tumba Del Alma (2013)
* Protegiendo El Penacho (2015)
* Lo Que No Se Olvida (2016)
* Somos Once (2017)
* Lengua Universal (2018)
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
== Vingo vya Nje ==
* [http://www.kintosol.com Official website]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
4z4ou6vw3xcqlly9fexvgwsz22q0hr1
Fermín IV
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{{Msanii muziki 2
|Jina = Fermín IV
|Img =
|Img_capt =
|Background = solo_singer
|Jina la kuzaliwa = Fermín IV Caballero Elizondo
|Amezaliwa = Desemba 1974
|Amekufa =
|Asili yake = [[Monterrey, Nuevo León]], [[Meksiko]]
|Ala =
|Aina = [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
|Kazi yake = [[Rapa]]
|Miaka ya kazi = 1996–hadi leo
|Studio = [[Sony Music]]<br>[[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
|Ameshirikiana na= [[Pato Machete]]<br>[[Control Machete]]<br>[[Cypress Hill]]<br>[[B-Real]]<br>[[Sen Dog]]<br>[[DJ Muggs]]<br>[[Artilleria Pesada]]<br>[[Delinquent Habits]]<br>[[Cartel de Santa]]<br>[[Babo]]<br>[[Dharius]]<br>[[Cafe Tacuba]]<br>[[Molotov (bendi)|Molotov]]<br>[[Kinto Sol]]<br>[[Akwid]]<br>[[C-4]]<br>[[Dyablo]]<br>[[Locura Terminal]]
|Tovuti = [http://www.semillaonline.org semillaonline.org]
}}
[[Picha:Fermin_IV_2021.jpg|thumb|Fermin IV]]
'''Fermín IV Caballero Elizondo''' (amezaliwa [[Desemba]] [[1974]]) ni [[rapa]] na mchungaji wa [[Meksiko]] ambaye ameweka historia ya rap nchini na kiongozi wa kikundi cha [[Control Machete]].
== Maisha ya Mwanzo ==
Mafunzo yake ya muziki yalianza ujanani, alipokuwa akisikiliza [[Hip Hop]] ya [[Marekani]], akizungumzia ujumbe wake wenye nguvu wa kutoridhika na upinzani wa wazi kwa jamii kwa ujumla.
Kutoka wakati huo, alianza kuendeleza mradi wa muziki wa chini, unaitwa "Profuga Del Metate".
== Albamu alizotoa ==
* '''Mwaka'''
* 2002: ''[[Boomerang]]''
* 2017: ''[[Odio/Amor]]''
* 2018: ''[[Laberinto]]''
== Marejeo ==
{{Marejeo}}
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons|Fermín IV}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.semillaonline.org Tovuti Binafsi ya Fermin] {{Wayback|url=http://www.semillaonline.org/ |date=20181206043729 }}
* [http://www.sonymusic.com.mx/artist/fermin-iv/ Fermin IV] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sonymusic.com.mx/artist/fermin-iv/ |date=20180616153731 }} Ndani ya [[Sony Music]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fermín IV}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
c2bw6xdqxockzk7m1537xkn03ct86zg
Dharius
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{{Msanii muziki 2
|Jina = Dharius
|Img =
|Img_capt =
|Background = solo_singer
|jina la kuzaliwa = Alan Alejandro maldonado Tamez
|jina lingine = MC Dharius, DHA, Tirano
|Amezaliwa = {{birth date|1984|9|24}}
|Amekufa =
|Asili yake = [[Monterrey, Nuevo León]], [[Meksiko]]
|Ala =
|Aina = [[Muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
|Kazi yake = [[Rapa]]
|Miaka ya kazi = 1996–hadi leo
|Studio = Babilonia Music<br>[[Sony Music]]<br>[[RCA Records]]
|Ameshirikiana na= [[Babo]]<br>[[Cartel de Santa]]<br>[[Tego Calderón]]<br>[[Control Machete]]<br>[[Pato Machete]]<br>[[Fermín IV]]<br>[[Cypress Hill]]<br>[[B-Real]]<br>[[Sen Dog]]<br>[[DJ Muggs]]<br>[[Artilleria Pesada]]<br>[[Delinquent Habits]]<br>[[Kinto Sol]]<br>[[Akwid]]<br>[[C-4]]<br>[[Dyablo]]<br>[[Locura Terminal]]<br>[[Alemán (rapa)|Alemán]]<br>[[Young CK]]<br>[[Zimple]]<br>[[Big Flow Music]]<br>[[Tren Lokote]]
|Tovuti =
}}
'''Alan Alejandro Maldonado Tamez''' (amezaliwa, [[24 Septemba]] [[1984]]) ni [[rapa]] wa [[Meksiko]]. Alikuwa katika kikundi [[Cartel de Santa]].
== Albamu ==
* 2014: [[Directo Hasta Arriba]]
* 2018: [[Mala Fama, Buena Vidha]]
== Marejeo ==
{{Marejeo}}
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons|Dharius}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [http://www.dharius.mx/ Tovuti Binafsi ya Dharius] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dharius.mx/ |date=20170517215223 }}
* [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dharius-mn0000553844/ Dharius] Ndani ya AllMusic
{{BD|1984|}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dharius}}
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
8b9e9y351srrdp06b4zziw1p7g2i4ty
Cartel de Santa
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{{Msanii muziki 2
| Jina = Cartel de Santa
| Img =
| Img_capt =
| Landscape = Yes
| Background = group_or_band
| Asili yake = [[Santa Catarina]], [[Nuevo León]], [[Meksiko]]
| Aina = [[muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
| Miaka ya kazi = 1996-hadi leo
| Studio = Babilonia Music<br>[[Sony Music]]
| Ameshirikiana na = [[Dharius]], [[Control Machete]], [[Fermín IV]], [[Pato Machete]], [[Cypress Hill]], [[Kinto Sol]], [[Akwid]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[Locura Terminal]], [[Tupac Shakur]], [[Big Flow Music]], [[Dyablo]], [[C-4 (rapper)|C-4]]
|tovuti = [http://www.carteldesanta.net/ carteldesanta.net]
|Wanachama wa sasa = [[Babo]]<br />Rowan Rabia
}}
[[File:CARTEL DE SANTA GOLPE AVISA.jpg|thumb|]]
'''Cartel de Santa''' ni kundi la [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Santa Catarina]], [[Nuevo León]], [[Meksiko]].
Kundi hilo lilianza shughuli zake [[mwaka]] wa [[1996]] chini ya majina na wajumbe tofauti kabla ya kuchukua [[jina]] lake la mwisho na usawa. Kikundi kinajumuisha mjumbe mkuu Eduardo Dávalos De Luna ([[Babo]]) na Rowan Rabia (anajulikana zaidi kama "Rowan Rabia", "Monoplug" au tu "Mono"), kabla ya kuwa sehemu ya kundi [[Dharius]], lakini ilitenganishwa nalo katikati ya mwaka [[2013]].
Cartel de Santa inaendelea kuwa mojawapo ya makundi maarufu ya [[muziki]] wa Mexiko [[duniani]] kote, pia ni moja ya vikundi vya [[lugha]] ya [[Kihispania]] wauzaji bora wa wakati wote, kufikia vyeti tofauti kwa mauzo yao ya juu.
== Diskografia ==
* Cartel de Santa (2002)
* Vol. II (2004)
* Volumen Prohibido (2006)
* Vol. IV (2008)
* Sincopa (2010)
* Me Atizo Macizo tour en vivo desde el D.F. (2012)
* Golpe Avisa (2014)
* Viejo Marihuano (2016)
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
== Vingo vya Nje ==
* [http://www.carteldesanta.net Official website]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
m9qjanomqylaitkhobhufy04tujyvzq
Big Flow Music
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{{Msanii muziki 2
| Jina = Big Flow Music
| Img =
| Img_capt =
| Landscape = Yes
| Background = group_or_band
| Asili yake = [[Uriangato]], [[Guanajuato (jimbo)|Guanajuato]], [[Meksiko]]
| Aina = [[muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
| Miaka ya kazi = 2013-hadi leo
| Studio = BFM Producciones
| Ameshirikiana na = [[Loco 13 (rapa)|Loco 13]], [[Syko Studio]], [[Young CK]], [[Dharius]], [[Tren Lokote]], [[Cartel de Santa]], [[Tanke One]], [[Thug Pol]], [[Alemán (rapa)|Alemán]], [[Zimple]]
|tovuti =
|Wanachama wa sasa = JL<br />Giorgin<br />Acha Lokote<br />MC Rap
}}
'''Big Flow Music''' ni kundi la [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Uriangato]], [[Guanajuato (jimbo)|Guanajuato]], [[Meksiko]]. Ni moja ya makundi muhimu zaidi ya [[mtindo]] wa [[rap]] na Meksiko ambao umefikia kiwango cha [[Cartel de Santa]]. BFM ni kundi pekee ambalo limekuwa "trap" tangu mwaka [[2015]] na [[maisha]] yao yanaheshimiwa na wengi.
== Diskografia ==
* Big Flow Music (2016)
* Entre El Peligro y La Muerte (2017)
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
3whbpx6j55ne7t9fln74vbo81w5m55y
Akwid
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{{Msanii muziki 2
| Jina = Akwid
| Img =
| Img_capt =
| Landscape = Yes
| Background = group_or_band
| Asili yake = Jiquilpan, [[Michoacán]], [[Mexiko]]
| Aina = [[muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
| Miaka ya kazi = 2000-hadi leo
| Studio = Univision Music Group<br>Machete Music
| Ameshirikiana na = [[Kinto Sol]], [[Control Machete]], [[Cartel de Santa]], [[Babo]], [[Dharius]], [[Fermín IV]], [[Pato Machete]], [[Locura Terminal]], [[Dyablo]], [[C-4 (rapper)|C-4]]
| tovuti =
| Wanachama wa sasa = AK<br />Wikid
}}
[[File:Akwid in Los Angeles (245712567).jpg|thumb]]
'''Akwid''' ni kundi la [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Jiquilpan]], [[Michoacán]], [[Mexiko]]. Ni kundi la Kimexiko linalochanganya [[mtindo]] wa [[hip hop]] na [[muziki]] wa kikanda [[Mexiko]]. Katika mwanzo wake, kikundi kilijulikana kama '''Watoto wa Sinema'''. Rappers Francisco "AK" Gómez na Sergio "Wikid" Gómez, ambao huunda Akwid, ni [[ndugu]]. Kwa sasa wanaishi [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] ([[Marekani]]).
== Diskografia ==
* Proyecto Akwid (2003)
* Komp 104.9 Radio Compa (2004)
* Los Aguacates de Jiquilpan (2005)
* E.S.L. (2006)
* La Novela (2008)
* Clasificado "R" (2010)
* Revólver (2013)
* El Atraco (2015)
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
fgxvl7vp93ith9gp5clwr3l0sse8hlg
1574705
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{{Msanii muziki 2
| Jina = Akwid
| Img =
| Img_capt =
| Landscape = Yes
| Background = group_or_band
| Asili yake = Jiquilpan, [[Michoacán]], [[Mexiko]]
| Aina = [[muziki wa hip hop|Hip hop]]
| Miaka ya kazi = 2000-hadi leo
| Studio = Univision Music Group<br>Machete Music
| Ameshirikiana na = [[Kinto Sol]], [[Control Machete]], [[Cartel de Santa]], [[Babo]], [[Dharius]], [[Fermín IV]], [[Pato Machete]], [[Locura Terminal]], [[Dyablo]], [[C-4 (rapper)|C-4]]
| tovuti =
| Wanachama wa sasa = AK<br />Wikid
}}
[[File:Akwid in Los Angeles (245712567).jpg|thumb]]
'''Akwid''' ni kundi la [[hip hop]] kutoka [[Jiquilpan]], [[Michoacán]], [[Meksiko]]. Ni kundi la Kimexiko linalochanganya [[mtindo]] wa [[hip hop]] na [[muziki]] wa kikanda Meksiko. Mwanzoni kikundi kilijulikana kama '''Watoto wa Sinema'''. Rappers Francisco "AK" Gómez na Sergio "Wikid" Gómez, ambao huunda Akwid, ni [[ndugu]]. Kwa sasa wanaishi [[Los Angeles]], [[Kalifornia]] ([[Marekani]]).
== Diskografia ==
* Proyecto Akwid (2003)
* Komp 104.9 Radio Compa (2004)
* Los Aguacates de Jiquilpan (2005)
* E.S.L. (2006)
* La Novela (2008)
* Clasificado "R" (2010)
* Revólver (2013)
* El Atraco (2015)
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa hip hop]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
61e6juh6o3904j04mrjozwzkdifgzt7
Wasafi Tv
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{{Infobox record label <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Music -->
| jina = Wasafi Tv
| picha =
| image_bg = Logo ya Wasafi Tv
| shina la studio = [[Wasafi Media]]
| imeanzishwa = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|2018|02|26|df=yes}}
| mwanzilishi = [[Diamond Platnumz]]
| ilivyo sasa =Hai
| usambazaji =Star Times {{!}} Azam Media {{!}} DSTV
|Lugha = [[Kiswahili]]
|ukao
| aina za muziki = [[Bongo Flava]]
| nchi = [[Tanzania]]
| mahala = [[Tanzania]]
| tovuti = https://www.wasafimedia.co.tz/
}}
'''Wasafi Tv''' ni [[televisheni]] ya [[Nchi|nchini]] [[Tanzania]] inayomilikiwa na [[msanii]] wa [[muziki]] wa [[Muziki wa kizazi kipya|kizazi kipya]] Nassib Abdul maarufu kama [[Diamond Platnumz]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mfahamu mmiliki wa Wasafi TV ambaye ndiye muandaaji wa tamasha la Fiesta – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/mfahamu-mmiliki-wa-wasafi-tv-ambaye-ndiye-muandaaji-wa-tamasha-la-fiesta-11-2018/|work=bongo5.com|accessdate=2024-07-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wamiliki Wasafi TV waanikwa, hisa za Diamond ni asilimia 45|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/wamiliki-wasafi-tv-waanikwa-hisa-za-diamond-ni-asilimia-45-2941426|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-02-26|accessdate=2024-07-07|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Who Is The Owner Of Wasafi TV?|url=https://cityelevens.com/who-is-the-owner-of-wasafi-tv/|work=Cityelevens|date=2024-05-19|accessdate=2024-07-07|language=en-GB|author=Chalz Writes|archive-date=2024-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707115316/https://cityelevens.com/who-is-the-owner-of-wasafi-tv/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Kituo hicho cha televisheni kilizinduliwa rasmi mwaka [[2018]] mwezi [[Februari]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=It’s all systems go! Diamond given green light to launch Wasafi TV|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/article/2001271365/its-all-systems-go-diamond-given-green-light-to-launch-wasafi-tv|work=The Standard|accessdate=2024-07-07|language=en}}</ref> Televisheni hiyo ni maarufu kwa kurusha [[nyimbo]] za [[Bongo Flava]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Glitz and Glamour as Diamond launches Wasafi TV and Radio|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/diamond-platnumz-glitz-and-glamour-as-diamond-launches-wasafi-tv-and-radio/mjx13ef|work=Pulselive Kenya|date=2018-02-27|accessdate=2024-07-07|language=en|author=brian oruta|archive-date=2024-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707115957/https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/diamond-platnumz-glitz-and-glamour-as-diamond-launches-wasafi-tv-and-radio/mjx13ef|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Januari 2021, Wasafi TV iliingia matatani mara baada ya TCRA kuifungia ikwa miezi 6 kutokana na kukiuka misingi ya maadili.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wasafi TV banned for six months|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/article/2001399227/wasafi-tv-banned-for-six-months|work=The Standard|accessdate=2024-07-07|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Diamond’s Wasafi TV Banned for 6 Months – Sqoop – Get Uganda entertainment news, celebrity gossip, videos and photos|url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/202101/four-one-one/diamonds-wasafi-tv-banned-for-6-months.html|date=2021-01-06|accessdate=2024-07-07|language=en-US|author=sqoopadmin}}</ref>
Baadhi ya vipindi vinavyoruka Wasafi TV ni pamoja na ''Refresh'', ''Uswahilini'' na vinginevyo vingi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=WASAFI MEDIA GROUP|url=https://www.wasafimedia.co.tz/|work=www.wasafimedia.co.tz|accessdate=2024-07-07|archive-date=2024-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707120648/https://www.wasafimedia.co.tz/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Baadhi ya watangazaji wa Wasafi TV ni pamoja na Mo ''Town Sanya'', ''Zembwela'' na ''Mchaga OG''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=WASAFI MEDIA GROUP|url=https://www.wasafimedia.co.tz/|work=www.wasafimedia.co.tz|accessdate=2024-07-07|archive-date=2024-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707120648/https://www.wasafimedia.co.tz/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu}}
[[Jamii:Televisheni za Tanzania]]
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Wakurdi
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{{Infobox ethnic group
| image = Roj emblem.svg
| group = Wakurdi<br />''Kurd'' کورد
| pop = milioni 30–40 <ref name="CIAonline">{{cite book |title= World Factbook |edition= Online |date= 2015 |publisher= US [[Central Intelligence Agency]] |location= Langley, Virginia |issn= 1553-8133 |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |accessdate= 2 August 2015 |archive-date= 2009-09-12 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090912045414/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |dead-url= yes }} A rough estimate in this edition gives populations of 14.3 million in Turkey, 8.2 million in Iran, about 5.6 to 7.4 million in Iraq, and less than 2 million in Syria, which adds up to approximately 28–30 million Kurds in Kurdistan or in adjacent regions. The CIA estimates are {{as of|lc= y|2015|08}} – Turkey: Kurdish 18%, of 81.6 million; Iran: Kurd 10%, of 81.82 million; Iraq: Kurdish 15–20%, of 37.01 million, Syria: Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%, of 17.01 million.</ref>
<br>({{small|[[The World Factbook]], 2015 estimate}})<br>milioni 36.4–45.6 <ref name="KIOP2017">[http://www.institutkurde.org/en/info/the-kurdish-population-1232551004 The Kurdish Population] by the [[Kurdish Institute of Paris]], 2017 estimate. The Kurdish population is estimated at 15–20 million in Turkey, 10–12 million in Iran, 8–8.5 million in Iraq, 3–3.6 million in Syria, 1.2–1.5 million in the European diaspora, and 400k–500k in the former USSR - for a total of 36.4 million to 45. 6 million globally.</ref><br>({{small|[[Kurdish Institute of Paris]], 2017 estimate}})
| region1 = {{resize|115%|'''Maeneo ambako Wakurdi wako wakazi asilia'''}}
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Uturuki}}
| pop2 = est. 14.3–20 million
| ref2 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region3 = {{flagcountry|Iran}}
| pop3 = est. 8.2–12 million
| ref3 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region4 = {{flagcountry|Iraq}}
| pop4 = est. 5.6–8.5 million
| ref4 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region5 = {{flagcountry|Syria}}
| pop5 = est. 2–3.6 million
| ref5 = <ref name="CIAonline" /><ref name = "KIOP2017" />
| region6 = '''[[Kurdish diaspora|Wakurdi nje ya maeneo ya asili]] (nje ya Kurdistan penyewe)'''
| pop6 = 2 million
| ref6 =
| region7 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| pop7 = 800,000
| ref7 = <ref>{{cite news |title= Camps built in Germany, Austria to win new members for PKK, reports reveal |newspaper= Zaman |url= http://www.todayszaman.com/news-289089-camps-built-in-germany-austria-to-win-new-members-for-pkk-reports-reveal.html |accessdate= 28 October 2012 |date= 9 August 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120809235709/http://www.todayszaman.com/news-289089-camps-built-in-germany-austria-to-win-new-members-for-pkk-reports-reveal.html |archivedate= 9 August 2012 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
| region9 = {{flagcountry|France}}
| pop9 = 150,000
| ref9 = <ref>{{cite news|title= 3 Kurdish women political activists shot dead in Paris|url= http://edition.cnn.com/2013/01/10/world/europe/france-kurd-deaths/|accessdate= 9 June 2014|agency= CNN|date= 11 January 2013}}</ref>
| region10 = {{flagcountry|Sweden}}
| pop10 = 83,600
| ref10 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Sweden |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/SE |date= 2015 |work= [[Ethnologue]] |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region11 = {{flagcountry| Netherlands}}
| pop11 = 70,000
| ref11 = <ref>[http://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/405297/Dutch-biker-gang-prepare-take-on-Islamic-State Highway to Hell: Dutch biker gang prepare to take on Islamic State] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010074759/http://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/405297/Dutch-biker-gang-prepare-take-on-Islamic-State |date=2017-10-10 }} by Jerry Lawton, ''[[Daily Star (British newspaper)|Daily Star]]'', October 2014</ref>
| region12 = {{flagcountry|Belgium}}
| pop12 = 50,000
| ref12 = <ref name=IKP>{{cite web |title= The Kurdish Diaspora|url= http://www.institutkurde.org/en/kurdorama/ |website= Institut Kurde de Paris |accessdate= 9 June 2014}}</ref>
| region13 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
| pop13 = 63,800
| ref13 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 г. Национальный состав населения Российской Федерации |url= http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php |work= Demoscope.ru |accessdate= 4 July 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/683aGZggq?url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_10.php |archivedate= 30 May 2012 |df= }}</ref>
| region14 = {{nowrap|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}}}
| pop14 = 50,000
| ref14 = <ref>{{cite web |title= QS211EW – Ethnic group (detailed) |url= http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/CT0010/view/2092957703 |work= NOMISweb.co.uk |publisher= UK Office for National Statistics |accessdate= 3 August 2013}}</ref>
| region15 = {{flagcountry| Kazakhstan}}
| pop15 = 42,300
| ref15 = <ref name="KZ2014">[http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT081783 Численность населения Республики Казахстан по отдельным этносам на начало 2014 года] {{Wayback|url=http://stat.gov.kz/getImg?id=ESTAT081783 |date=20150428181945 }} ЭТНОДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ ЕЖЕГОДНИК КАЗАХСТАНА 2014</ref>
| region16 = {{flagcountry| Switzerland}}
| pop16 = 35,000
| ref16 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Switzerland |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/CH |work= Ethnologue |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region17 = {{flagcountry| Denmark}}
| pop17 = 30,000
| ref17 = <ref>{{cite news |title= Fakta: Kurdere i Danmark |url= http://jyllands-posten.dk/indland/ECE5105449/fakta-kurdere-i-danmark/ |accessdate= 24 December 2013 |newspaper= Jyllandsposten |date= 8 May 2006 |language= Danish}}</ref>
| region18 = {{flagcountry| Jordan}}
| pop18 = 30,000
| ref18 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Language and Cultural Shift Among the Kurds of Jordan |url= http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2010/Al-Khatib_Al-Ali_netti.pdf |accessdate= 10 November 2012 |first1= Mahmoud A. |last1= Al-Khatib |first2= Mohammed N. |last2= Al-Ali |page= 12 |archive-date= 2018-10-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181001145806/http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2010/Al-Khatib_Al-Ali_netti.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>
| region19 = {{flagcountry| Austria}}
| pop19 = 23,000
| ref19 = <ref>{{cite web|title=Austria |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/AT |work= Ethnologue |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region20 = {{flagcountry| Greece}}
| pop20 = 22,000
| ref20 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Greece |url= http://www.ethnologue.com/country/GR/ |work= Ethnologue |accessdate= 14 January 2015}}</ref>
| region21 = {{flagcountry| United States}}
| pop21 = 15,400
| ref21 =
| region22 = {{flagcountry| Georgia}}
| pop22 = 13,861
| ref22 = <ref>{{cite web |last1= PDF |title= Population/Census |url= http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf |website= geostat.ge |accessdate= 2019-03-24 |archivedate= 2017-10-10 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20171010074805/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf }}</ref>
| region23 = {{flagcountry| Kyrgyzstan}}
| pop23 = 13,200
| ref23 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Number of resident population by selected nationality |url= http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_phc/Kyrgyzstan/A5-2PopulationAndHousingCensusOfTheKyrgyzRepublicOf2009.pdf |work= UNStats.UN.org |publisher= United Nations |accessdate= 9 July 2012 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120710092216/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Kyrgyzstan/A5-2PopulationAndHousingCensusOfTheKyrgyzRepublicOf2009.pdf |archivedate= 10 July 2012 |df= }}</ref>
| region24 = {{flagcountry| Canada}}
| pop24 = 11,685
| ref24 =
| region25 = {{flagcountry| Finland}}
| pop25 = 10,700
| ref25 = <ref>{{cite web |title= Language according to age and sex by region 1990–2014 |url= http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130217113547/http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en |dead-url= yes |archive-date= 17 February 2013 |work= Stat.fi |publisher= Statistics Finland |accessdate= 19 January 2013 |df= |archiveurl= https://archive.today/20130217113547/http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=030_vaerak_tau_102_en&path=../database/StatFin/vrm/vaerak/&lang=1&multilang=en |archivedate= 2013-02-17 }}</ref>
| region26 = {{flagcountry| Australia}}
| pop26 = 7,000
| ref26 = <ref>{{cite book |title= The People of Australia: Statistics from the 2011 census |url= http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/LocalGovernment/The_People_of_Australia.pdf |publisher= Australian Department of Immigration and Border Protection |date= 2014 |isbn= 978-1-920996-23-9 |accessdate= 29 May 2014 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20140529194052/http://www.omi.wa.gov.au/resources/publications/LocalGovernment/The_People_of_Australia.pdf |archivedate= 29 May 2014 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
| region27 = {{flagcountry| Azerbaijan}}
| pop27 = 6,100
| ref27 = <ref>{{cite book |title= Statistical Yearbook of Azerbaijan 2014 |year= 2015 |page= 80}}</ref>
| region28 = {{flagcountry| Armenia}}
| pop28 = 2,162
| ref28 = <ref>{{cite web|title= Information from the 2011 Armenian National Census|url= http://www.armstat.am/file/doc/99478353.pdf|language= Armenian|work= Statistics of Armenia|accessdate= 27 May 2014}}</ref>
| languages = [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]] and [[Zaza–Gorani languages|Zaza–Gorani]] <br><small> ''Minor: [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (in Turkey), [[Persian language|Persian]] (in Iran), [[Arabic]] (in Syria and Iraq)<br />{{smaller|''In their different forms: [[Central Kurdish|Sorani]], [[Northern Kurdish|Kurmanji]], [[Southern Kurdish|Pehlewani]], [[Zaza language|Zaza]], [[Gorani language (Zaza-Gorani)|Gorani]]''}}
| religions = Majority [[Islam]] <br/> {{small|([[Sunni Muslim]], [[Alevi Islam]], [[Shia Islam]])}} <br/> with minorities of [[Yazidism]], [[Yarsanism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Agnosticism]], [[History of the Jews in Kurdistan|Judaism]], [[Christianity]]
| related = Makabila ya Kiirani
| footnotes =
}}
'''Wakurdi''' (kwa [[Kikurdi]]: گەلی کورد, ''Gelî kurd'') ni [[watu]] wanaotumia [[lugha]] ya [[Kikurdi]], moja kati ya [[lugha za Kihindi-Kiajemi]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Mehrdad R. |last=Izady |title=The Kurds: A Concise Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC |year=1992 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-8448-1727-9}}</ref> wanaoishi hasa [[Mashariki ya Kati]].
==Kurdistan==
Eneo lao linaitwa mara nyingi [[Kurdistan]] na limegawanyika kisiasa kati ya nchi za [[Uturuki]] [[mashariki]], [[Irani]] [[kaskazini]] [[magharibi]], [[Iraki]] kaskazini na [[Syria]] kaskazini.<ref>''Kurdish Awakening: Nation Building in a Fragmented Homeland'', (2014), by Ofra Bengio, University of Texas Press</ref>
Hadi [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]], Wakurdi wengi waliishi ndani ya maeneo ya [[Milki ya Osmani]], [[idadi]] ndogo zaidi walitawaliwa na [[Uajemi]]. [[Milki]] zote mbili zilikuwa milki za [[Kiislamu]] ambako hakukuwa na mkazo wa [[utaifa]] au [[utamaduni]] maalumu. Hawakuwa na [[historia]] ya kujitazama kama [[taifa]] la pamoja wakiishi katika utaratibu wa jamii za kikabila zilizojitegemea na kutunza kiwango cha [[uhuru]] kutoka [[serikali]] za milki walimoishi.
Katika kongamano la kupatana amani baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza suala la Wakurdi lilijadiliwa lakini bila kupata suluhisho. Waligawanywa tu.
Baada ya ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani [[mwaka]] [[1918]] walijikuta katika nchi ambako watu wengi walikuwa ama [[Waturuki]], [[Waarabu]] au [[Waajemi]] walioathiriwa na [[itikadi]] ya utaifa. Wakurdi waliambiwa kujitazama kama [[raia]] wa nchi hizo na hivyo kuwa Waturuki, Waarabu au Waajemi. Hasa ndani ya Uturuki chini ya [[rais]] wa kwanza [[Ataturk]] kuwepo kwa Wakurdi kulikanwa, wenyewe waliitwa "Waturuki wa milimani". pote walikataliwa kuwa na [[shule]] ambako [[watoto]] wao wangejifunza lugha ya Kikurdi.
Katika [[historia]] hii uko msingi wa upinzani wa Wakurdi uliotokea katika nchi zote wanapoishi kiasili.
==Idadi==
Idadi yao inakadiriwa kuwa [[milioni]] 30-45.<ref>Based on arithmetic from ''World Factbook'' and other sources cited herein: A Near Eastern population of 28–30 million, plus approximately a 2 million diaspora gives 30–32 million. If the highest (25%) estimate for the Kurdish population of Turkey, in Mackey (2002), proves correct, this would raise the total to around 37 million.</ref> Ndilo [[taifa]] kubwa kuliko lote [[duniani]] lisilo na [[nchi huru]] ya kwao.
==Lugha na dini==
[[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kikurdi]], chenye [[lahaja]] mbalimbali<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Kurds.html |title= Kurds |date= 2014 |work= The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.|publisher= Encyclopedia.com |accessdate= 29 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first= Mehrdad R. |last =Izady |title= The Kurds: A Concise Handbook |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I9mr6OgLjBoC&pg=PA198 |year= 1992 |publisher= Taylor & Francis |isbn= 978-0-8448-1727-9 |page= 198}}</ref>.
Wengi wao hufuata [[dini]] ya [[Uislamu]] (hasa [[madhehebu]] ya [[Wasunni]]), lakini wako pia wafuasi wa [[dini ya jadi]] wanaoitwa [[Wayazidi]], wafuasi wa [[imani]] ya pekee ya [[Ahl-e Hak]], halafu [[Wakristo]], [[Wayahudi]] na [[Wazoroasta]] wachache.
==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Vyanzo==
* {{cite book|last1=Aslanian|first1=Sebouh|title=From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa|date=2011|publisher=University of California Press|location=California|isbn=978-0520947573|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Blow|first1=David|title=Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend|date=2009|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-0857716767|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bournoutian|first1=George|authorlink1=George Bournoutian|title=A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present)|date=2002|publisher=Mazda Publishers|isbn=978-1568591414|page=208|edition=2|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Floor|first1=Willem|last2=Herzig|first2=Edmund|title=Iran and the World in the Safavid Age|url=https://archive.org/details/iranworldinsafav0000unse|date=2012|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1850439301|ref=harv}}
* Barth, F. 1953. ''Principles of Social Organization in Southern Kurdistan.'' Bulletin of the University Ethnographic Museum 7. Oslo.
* Hansen, H.H. 1961. ''The Kurdish Woman's Life.'' Copenhagen. Ethnographic Museum Record 7:1–213.
* Leach, E.R. 1938. ''Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds.'' London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 3:1–74.
* Longrigg, S.H. 1953. ''Iraq, 1900–1950.'' London.
* Masters, W.M. 1953. ''Rowanduz.'' Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
* McKiernan, Kevin. 2006. ''The Kurds, a People in Search of Their Homeland''. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN|978-0-312-32546-6
* {{cite book|last1=Mikaberidze|first1=Alexander|title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia|date=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1442241466|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = ŠAYḴ-ʿALI KHAN ZANGANA | last = Matthee | first = Rudi | authorlink = | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shaykh-ali-khan | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | pages = | location = | publisher = | year = | isbn = |ref=harv}}
==Marejeo mengine==
* [[Samir Amin]] (October 2016). ''[http://monthlyreview.org/2016/10/01/the-kurdish-question-then-and-now/ The Kurdish Question Then and Now],'' in [[Monthly Review]], Volume 68, Issue 05
* ''A People Without a State: The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism,'' by Michael Eppel, 2016, University of Texas Press
===Historia===
* {{cite journal | last1 = Maxwell | first1 = Alexander | last2 = Smith | first2 = Tim | year = 2015 | title = Positing 'not-yet-nationalism': limits to the impact of nationalism theory on Kurdish historiography | url = | journal = Nationalities Papers | volume = 43 | issue = 5| pages = 771–787 | doi=10.1080/00905992.2015.1049135}}
==Viungo vya nje==
{{commons category|Kurdish people}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071016225822/http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9275335 Kurds], Encyclopædia Britannica.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071018071427/http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9046466 Kurd], Encyclopædia Britannica.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312004743/http://www.britannica.com/worldsapart/3_timeline_print.html The Kurds: People without a country], Encyclopædia Britannica.
* [http://www.institutkurde.org/ The Kurdish Institute of Paris] Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010721001234/http://www.kurdistanica.com/ The Encyclopaedia of Kurdistan]
* [http://www.enstituyakurdi.org/index.php?newlang=english Istanbul Kurdish Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.enstituyakurdi.org/index.php?newlang=english |date=20150924001027 }}
* [http://www.pen-kurd.org/index-en.html The Kurdish Center of International Pen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pen-kurd.org/index-en.html |date=20060717023951 }}
* [http://www.kurdishlibrary.org/ Kurdish Library], supported by the [[Sweden|Swedish]] Government.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041024074007/http://www.jafi.org.il/education/actual/iraq/4.html Ethnic Cleansing and the Kurds]
* [http://www.transoxiana.org/0109/aloian-kurds_ottoman_hungary.html The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary] by Zurab Aloian
* [http://theotheriraq.com/ "The Other Iraq" Kurdish Information Website]
; Suala la Wakurdi nchini Uturuki
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20020527064459/http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/idpSurvey.nsf/wCountries/Turkey A report on the Kurdish IDP's – 2005]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050409063105/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0%2C1564%2C1484632%2C00.html A German newspaper's take on the Kurdish issue – 2005]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/The_Kurds/Story/0,,428351,00.html The Guardian – ''What's in a name? Too much in Turkey'' – 2001]
[[Jamii:watu wa Uturuki]]
[[Jamii:watu wa Irani]]
[[Jamii:watu wa Iraq]]
[[Jamii:watu wa Syria]]
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Uhusianifu maalumu
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[[File:Einstein patentoffice.jpg|thumb|260px|[[Picha]] halisi ya [[Albert Einstein]] ya mwaka 1905 hivi, ambapo alichapisha [[kitabu]] "[[Annus Mirabilis]]" yakiwemo [[maandishi]] kuhusu ''Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper'' (yaani "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies") yaliyounda nadharia ya uhusianifu maalumu.]]
'''Uhusianifu maalumu''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''special relativity'') ni [[nadharia]] muhimu sana ya [[fizikia]] iliyoundwa na [[Albert Einstein]] [[mwaka]] [[1905]]. Ilichapishwa katika jarida la fizikia la Ujerumani liitwalo ''Annalen der Physik'' chini ya kichwa "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" (Kwa Kiingereza: "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies") <ref>Einstein, A. (1905). Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. ''Annalen der Physik'', 17(10), 891-921. </ref>. Nadharia hiyo ilileta mapinduzi makubwa katika uelewa wetu wa nafasi na wakati.<ref>{{Citation|last=Damour|first=Thibault|title=Einstein 1905–1955: His Approach to Physics|date=2005|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7436-5_6|work=Einstein, 1905–2005|pages=151–182|publisher=Birkhäuser Basel|isbn=978-3-7643-7435-8|access-date=2025-08-02}}</ref>
==Nadharia hiyo kwa ufupi==
Nadharia hiyo husema:
* Wachunguzi wakiwa na mwendo tofauti, huona [[wakati]] na [[umbali]] kubadilishwa, katika [[fomula]] γ=(1-v<sup>2</sup>/c<sup>2</sup>)<sup>-1/2</sup>.
* Inayolingana [[nishati]] na [[tungamo]] katika fomula E=mc<sup>2</sup>.
* [[Kasi ya nuru]] huwa sawa kwa wachunguzi wote.
Majaribio mengi yamethibitisha [[nadharia]] hiyo na ile ya [[uhusianifu wa jumla]]<ref>http://www.edu-observatory.org/physics-faq/Relativity/SR/experiments.html</ref>, kama vile [[majaribio wa Michelson-Morley]] na [[majaribio wa Ives-Stilwell]] (nadharia ya uhusianifu maalum), na [[majaribio wa Pound-Rebka]] (nadharia ya uhusianifu wa jumla).
== Misingi Mikuu ==
Nadharia hii inategemea misingi mikuu miwili:
# '''Kanuni ya Uhusianifu (Principle of Relativity):''' Sheria za fizikia ni zile zile kwa waangalizi wote walio katika mwendo wa kasi isiyobadilika (inertial frames of reference). Hii inamaanisha kwamba huwezi kutofautisha kati ya wewe umesimama au unatembea kwa kasi isiyobadilika kwa kufanya majaribio yoyote ya fizikia ndani ya chumba kilichofungwa.
# '''Kasi ya Nuru ni Isiyobadilika (Constancy of the Speed of Light):''' Kasi ya nuru katika ombwe (vacuum) ni sawa kwa waangalizi wote, bila kujali mwendo wao au mwendo wa chanzo cha nuru <ref>Resnick, R. (1968). ''Introduction to Special Relativity''. John Wiley & Sons. </ref>. Kasi hii ni takribani kilomita 299,792,458 kwa sekunde (mita 300,000,000 kwa sekunde), na inawakilishwa na herufi 'c'.
== Matokeo Muhimu ==
Kutokana na misingi hii, Einstein alihitimisha matokeo kadhaa ya kushangaza na yanayokwenda kinyume na uzoefu wetu wa kila siku, lakini yamethibitishwa na majaribio <ref>French, A. P. (1968). ''Special Relativity''. W. W. Norton & Company</ref>:
* '''Uhusianifu wa Wakati (Time Dilation):''' Saa zinazotembea haraka huonekana kwenda polepole kwa mwangalizi anayesimama. Kadiri kitu kinavyokwenda haraka kuelekea kasi ya nuru, ndivyo wakati unavyokwenda polepole zaidi kwake.
* '''Mkunyuko wa Urefu (Length Contraction):''' Vitu vinavyotembea haraka huonekana kufupishwa katika mwelekeo wa mwendo wao kwa mwangalizi anayesimama.
* '''Usawa wa Misa na Nishati (Mass-Energy Equivalence):''' Huu ndio msingi wa fomula maarufu ya Einstein, '''E=mc²''', ambapo 'E' ni nishati, 'm' ni misa, na 'c' ni kasi ya nuru. Fomula hii inaonyesha kwamba misa na nishati ni pande mbili za sarafu moja na zinaweza kubadilishana. Kiasi kidogo sana cha misa kinaweza kubadilishwa kuwa kiasi kikubwa sana cha nishati.
* '''Nafasi-Wakati (Spacetime):''' Nadharia hii iliunganisha nafasi (vipimo vitatu) na wakati (kipimo kimoja) kuwa kitu kimoja kinachoitwa nafasi-wakati, chenye vipimo vinne.
Uhusianifu Maalumu unatumika kwa matukio yote ya kimwili ambayo hayahusishi mvuto (gravity). Kwa matukio yanayohusisha mvuto, ''[[Uhusianifu mkuu|Uhusianifu Mkuu]]'' (General Relativity)''' wa Einstein, uliotolewa mnamo 1915, unaeleza jinsi mvuto unavyopinda [[nafasiwakati]].
== Marejeo ==
{{marejeo}}
==Vitabu==
* Einstein, Albert (1920). [[s:Relativity: The Special and General Theory|Relativity: The Special and General Theory]].
* Einstein, Albert (1996). ''The Meaning of Relativity''. Fine Communications. {{ISBN|1-56731-136-9}}
* Logunov, Anatoly A. (2005) [https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0408077 Henri Poincaré and the Relativity Theory] (transl. from Russian by G. Pontocorvo and V. O. Soleviev, edited by V. A. Petrov) Nauka, Moscow.
* [[Charles Misner]], [[Kip Thorne]], and [[John Archibald Wheeler]] (1971) ''Gravitation''. W. H. Freeman & Co. {{ISBN|0-7167-0334-3}}
* Post, E.J., 1997 (1962) ''Formal Structure of Electromagnetics: General Covariance and Electromagnetics''. Dover Publications.
* [[Wolfgang Rindler]] (1991). Introduction to Special Relativity (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19-853952-0}}; {{ISBN|0-19-853952-5}}
* Harvey R. Brown (2005). Physical relativity: space–time structure from a dynamical perspective, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-927583-1}}; {{isbn|978-0-19-927583-0}}
* {{Rejea kitabu| last =Qadir | first =Asghar | authorlink =Asghar Qadir | title =Relativity: An Introduction to the Special Theory | publisher =[[World Scientific|World Scientific Publications]] | date = 1989| location =Singapore | page =128 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=X5YofYrqFoAC&printsec=frontcover| ISBN =978-9971-5-0612-4 | bibcode =1989rist.book.....Q }}
* {{cite book | last=French |first= A. P. | title=Special Relativity (M.I.T. Introductory Physics)| url=https://archive.org/details/specialrelativit0000fren_h1j4 |edition= 1st | publisher=W. W. Norton & Company | year=1968 | ISBN=978-0393097931}}
* Silberstein, Ludwik (1914) [[List of important publications in physics#The Theory of Relativity — Ludwik Silberstein|The Theory of Relativity]].
* {{cite book |title=Space, Time and Spacetime |author=Lawrence Sklar |url=https://books.google.com/?id=cPLXqV3QwuMC&pg=PA206 |ISBN=978-0-520-03174-6 |publisher=University of California Press |date=1977 }}
* Taylor, Edwin, and [[John Archibald Wheeler]] (1992) ''Spacetime Physics'' (2nd ed.). W.H. Freeman & Co. {{ISBN|0-7167-2327-1}}
* Tipler, Paul, and Llewellyn, Ralph (2002). ''Modern Physics'' (4th ed.). W. H. Freeman & Co. {{ISBN|0-7167-4345-0}}
==Makala==
* {{Rejea jarida | author1 = Alvager, T. | author2 = Farley, F. J. M. | date = 1964 | author3 = Kjellman, J. | author4 = Wallin, L. | title = Test of the Second Postulate of Special Relativity in the GeV region | journal = Physics Letters | volume = 12 | issue = 3| page = 260 | doi = 10.1016/0031-9163(64)91095-9 | bibcode = 1964PhL....12..260A |display-authors=etal}}
* {{Rejea jarida | doi = 10.1086/430652 | last1 = Darrigol | first1 = Olivier | date = 2004 | title = The Mystery of the Poincaré–Einstein Connection | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_isis_2004-12_95_4/page/614 | journal = Isis | volume = 95 | issue = 4| pages = 614–26 | pmid = 16011297 }}
* {{Rejea jarida | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.4405 | last1 = Wolf | first1 = Peter | last2 = Petit | first2 = Gerard | date = 1997 | title = Satellite test of Special Relativity using the Global Positioning System | journal = Physical Review A | volume = 56 | issue = 6| pages = 4405–09 |bibcode = 1997PhRvA..56.4405W }}
* [http://scholarpedia.org/article/Special_relativity Special Relativity] [[Scholarpedia]]
*[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special_relativity:_kinematics Special relativity: Kinematics] [[Wolfgang Rindler]], [[Scholarpedia]], 6(2):8520. [[doi:10.4249/scholarpedia.8520]]
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Wikisourcepar|Relativity: The Special and General Theory}}
{{Wikibooks|Special Relativity}}
{{Wikiversity|Special Relativity}}
{{Wiktionary|special relativity}}
===Maandishi asili===
* [http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1905_17_891-921.pdf ''Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper''] Einstein's original work in German, [[Annalen der Physik]], [[Bern]] 1905
* [http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/specrel.pdf ''On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies''] English Translation as published in the 1923 book ''The Principle of Relativity''.
===Ufafanuzi rahisi===
* [http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/einsteinlight Einstein Light] {{Wayback|url=http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/einsteinlight |date=20130430045437 }} An [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa004&articleID=0005CFF9-524F-1340-924F83414B7F0000 award]-winning, non-technical introduction (film clips and demonstrations) supported by dozens of pages of further explanations and animations, at levels with or without mathematics.
* [http://www.einstein-online.info/en/elementary/index.html Einstein Online] {{Wayback|url=http://www.einstein-online.info/en/elementary/index.html |date=20100201234156 }} Introduction to relativity theory, from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics.
* Audio: Cain/Gay (2006) – [http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/einsteins-theory-of-special-relativity/ Astronomy Cast]. Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity
===Ufafanuzi rahisi kiasi===
* [http://gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au/FOUNDATIONS/01/found01.html Greg Egan's ''Foundations''] {{Wayback|url=http://gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au/FOUNDATIONS/01/found01.html |date=20130425091908 }}.
* [http://cosmo.nyu.edu/hogg/sr/ The Hogg Notes on Special Relativity] A good introduction to special relativity at the undergraduate level, using calculus.
* [http://www.relativitycalculator.com/E=mc2.shtml Relativity Calculator: Special Relativity] {{Wayback|url=http://www.relativitycalculator.com/E=mc2.shtml |date=20130321052504 }} – An algebraic and integral calculus derivation for {{nowrap|1=''E'' = ''mc''<sup>2</sup>}}.
* [http://www.mathpages.com/rr/rrtoc.htm MathPages – Reflections on Relativity] A complete online book on relativity with an extensive bibliography.
* [http://lightandmatter.com/sr/ Special Relativity] An introduction to special relativity at the undergraduate level.
* {{gutenberg|no=5001|name=Relativity: the Special and General Theory}}, by [[Albert Einstein]]
* [http://www.phys.vt.edu/~takeuchi/relativity/notes Special Relativity Lecture Notes] is a standard introduction to special relativity containing illustrative explanations based on drawings and spacetime diagrams from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
* [http://www.rafimoor.com/english/SRE.htm Understanding Special Relativity] The theory of special relativity in an easily understandable way.
* [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/physicskatz/49/ An Introduction to the Special Theory of Relativity] (1964) by Robert Katz, "an introduction ... that is accessible to any student who has had an introduction to general physics and some slight acquaintance with the calculus" (130 pp; pdf format).
* [http://www.physics.mq.edu.au/~jcresser/Phys378/LectureNotes/VectorsTensorsSR.pdf Lecture Notes on Special Relativity] {{Wayback|url=http://www.physics.mq.edu.au/~jcresser/Phys378/LectureNotes/VectorsTensorsSR.pdf |date=20130430033709 }} by J D Cresser Department of Physics Macquarie University.
* [http://specialrelativity.net/ SpecialRelativity.net] {{Wayback|url=http://specialrelativity.net/ |date=20190910113211 }} - An overview with visualizations and minimal mathematics.
===Maonyesho===
* [http://www.hakenberg.de/diffgeo/special_relativity.htm Raytracing Special Relativity] Software visualizing several scenarios under the influence of special relativity.
* [http://www.anu.edu.au/Physics/Savage/RTR/ Real Time Relativity] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anu.edu.au/Physics/Savage/RTR/ |date=20130508021027 }} The Australian National University. Relativistic visual effects experienced through an interactive program.
* [http://www.spacetimetravel.org/ Spacetime travel] A variety of visualizations of relativistic effects, from relativistic motion to black holes.
* [http://www.anu.edu.au/Physics/Savage/TEE/ Through Einstein's Eyes] {{Wayback|url=http://www.anu.edu.au/Physics/Savage/TEE/ |date=20130514175026 }} The Australian National University. Relativistic visual effects explained with movies and images.
* [http://www.adamauton.com/warp/ Warp Special Relativity Simulator] A computer program to show the effects of traveling close to the speed of light.
* {{YouTube|C2VMO7pcWhg|Animation clip}} visualizing the Lorentz transformation.
* [http://math.ucr.edu/~jdp/Relativity/SpecialRelativity.html Original interactive FLASH Animations] from John de Pillis illustrating Lorentz and Galilean frames, Train and Tunnel Paradox, the Twin Paradox, Wave Propagation, Clock Synchronization, etc.
* [http://lightspeed.sourceforge.net/ lightspeed] An OpenGL-based program developed to illustrate the effects of special relativity on the appearance of moving objects.
* [http://specialrelativity.net/animations/starfield/starfield.html?beta=0.8&color=on&circles=on&avgstellardensity=0.11&starpopulation=yalebsc&limitingMag=5&projection=stereographic&anim=on&runningTime=8 Animation] {{Wayback|url=http://specialrelativity.net/animations/starfield/starfield.html?beta=0.8&color=on&circles=on&avgstellardensity=0.11&starpopulation=yalebsc&limitingMag=5&projection=stereographic&anim=on&runningTime=8 |date=20190426172123 }} showing the stars near Earth, as seen from a spacecraft accelerating rapidly to light speed.
{{mbegu-fizikia}}
[[Jamii:Fizikia]]
gah7gj0vphu8thbhghfbax0ex0uda1f
Troli wa mtandaoni
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Kwenye misemo ya [[Mtandao|mtandaoni]], '''troli''' ni [[mtu]] anayeanzisha [[ugomvi]] au anayekasirisha watu kwa kutoa maoni yanayovuruga [[majadiliano]] na kugombanisha watu.<ref>{{cite web | title=Definition of troll | work=Collins English Dictionary | url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/troll | accessdate=17 September 2012 }}</ref> kwenye majukwaa ya mtandaoni, [[vyumba vya majadiliano]], au [[blogu]] kwa nia ya kuchokoza wasomaji.<ref name="PCMAG_def">{{Rejea habari
| url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=trolling&i=53181,00.asp#
| title=Definition of: trolling
| year=2009
| work=PCMAG.COM
| publisher=Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings Inc
| accessdate=24 March 2009
| archivedate=2013-03-15
| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315191437/http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0%2C2542%2Ct%3Dtrolling%26i%3D53181%2C00.asp
}}</ref>
Miaka ya karibuni [[vyombo vya habari]] vimelinganisha [[tabia]] hiyo na [[unyanyasaji wa mtandaoni]].
== Matumizi ==
Kama ilivyoandikwa kwenye makala toka ''OS News'' iliyoitwa "Why People Troll and How to Stop Them" (25 January 2012), [[tafsiri]] ya troli inajumuisha nia ya mtu lakini tafsiri hii si sahihi, maana hata kama mtu ana nia ya kuchokoza au la, matokeo ni yaleyale.<ref name="Howard Fosdick">{{cite news|journal=OS News|title=Why People Troll and How to Stop Them|first= Howard |last=Fosdick|date=25 January 2012 <!-- 06:58 UTC-->|url=http://www.osnews.com/story/25540}}</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}
==Soma pia==
* Walter, T.; Hourizi, R.; Moncur, W.; Pitsillides (2012). Does the Internet Change How We Die And Mourn? An Overview [https://web.archive.org/web/20121212104445/http://www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/staff/wmoncur/publications/Omega2011.pdf Online].
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category|Trolls (Internet)}}
{{Wikinews|UK court jails man for trolling online tribute pages}}
=== Utetezi na usalama ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160501042255/http://trollingacademy.org/ The Trolling Academy] – trolling advice, comment, and training
* [http://www.getsafeonline.org/ Get Safe Online] – free expert advice on online safety
=== Tafsiri na historia ===
* {{dmoz|Computers/Internet/Abuse/Usenet_and_Bulletin_Board_Abuse|Usenet and Bulletin Board Abuse}}
* [http://www.netlingo.com/word/troll.php NetLingo definition]
* [http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Internet%20troll Urban Dictionary definition]
=== Mijadala ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051013070429/http://rkcsi.indiana.edu/archive/CSI/WP/WP02-03B.html Searching for Safety Online: Managing "Trolling" in a Feminist Forum] <!-- scare quotes from original paper -->
* [https://medium.com/activism-theories-of-change/how-to-respond-to-internet-rage-77a255f85793 How to Respond to Internet Rage]
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.html?_r=1&ref=magazine&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin Malwebolence – The World of Web Trolling]; ''New York Times Magazine'', By Mattathias Schwartz; 3 August 2008.
* [https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/your-online-secrets/201409/internet-trolls-are-narcissists-psychopaths-and-sadists Internet Trolls Are Narcissists, Psychopaths, and Sadists]. [[Jennifer Golbeck]] for ''[[Psychology Today]]''. 18 September 2014.
* [https://removify.com.au/blog/online-trolls-harmless-pranksters-or-force-of-destruction/ Online Trollsː Harmless Pranksters, or Force of Destruction?]
{{mbegu-utamaduni}}
[[Jamii:Intaneti]]
cky7q7fklvbppb429uhuxuppimkdxpu
Yellowstone National Park
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{{Infobox protected area|name=Yellowstone National Park|iucn_category=II|iucn_ref=<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://protectedplanet.net/yellowstone-national-park|title=Yellowstone in United States of America|website=protectedplanet.net|publisher=IUCN|access-date=December 31, 2018|accessdate=2019-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827123420/https://www.protectedplanet.net/yellowstone-national-park|archivedate=2019-08-27}}</ref>|photo=YellowstonefallJUN05.JPG|photo_caption=[[Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone]]|photo_width=250px|location=[[United States]]
* Park County, Wyoming
* Teton County, Wyoming
* Gallatin County, Montana
* Park County, Montana
* Fremont County, Idaho
|map= |map_caption= |relief=1|coordinates={{coords|44|36|N|110|30|W|region:US-WY|display=inline, title}}|established={{start date|1872|March|1}}|area_acre=2219791|area_ref=<ref name="acres">{{NPS area |year=2011 |accessdate=March 8, 2012}}</ref>|visitation_num=4,115,000|visitation_year=2018|visitation_ref=<ref name="visits">{{NPS visitation |accessdate=March 11, 2019}}</ref>|governing_body=U.S. [[National Park Service]]|website={{Official website}}|embedded1={{designation list | embed = yes
| designation1 = WHS
| designation1_type = Natural
| designation1_criteria = vii, viii, ix, x
| designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/28 28]<ref name=whs>{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/28 |title=Yellowstone National Park |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |accessdate=March 24, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234321/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/28 |archivedate=February 24, 2017 }}</ref>
| designation1_date = 1978 (2nd [[World Heritage Committee|session]])
| designation1_free1name = Region
| designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in North America|The Americas]]
| designation1_free3name = [[List of World Heritage in Danger|Endangered]]
| designation1_free3value = 1995–2003
}}}}
[[Picha:Yellowstone_River_in_Hayden_Valley.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Mto Yellowstone kwenye tambarare ]]
'''Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Yellowstone''' ni [[mbuga]] ya kitaifa [[Marekani|nchini Marekani]]. Ilikuwa mbuga ya kwanza wa kitaifa kutangazwa [[duniani]]. <ref name="UNESCO-facts">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/28|title=UNESCO, Yellowstone National Park|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=2012-04-19}}</ref>
[[Jina]] lilichukuliwa kutoka [[Mto Yellowstone]], ambao unapita katikati ya hifadhi. Yellowstone lilipokewa katika orodha ya [[Urithi wa Dunia]] ya [[UNESCO]] [[mwaka]] [[1978]].
Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Yellowstone ni maarufu kwa [[geyser]] zake na [[chemchemi za moto]]. Hifadhi hiyo ina karibu [[nusu]] ya geyser zote duniani. <ref name="UNESCO-facts"/> Geyser maarufu inaitwa Old Faithful kwa sababu inachemka kwa umakini mkubwa kia baada ya dakika ama 65 au 91. Kuna [[wanyamapori]] aina za [[dubu]], [[mbwa mwitu]], [[baisani]] na [[Elki|elk]]<nowiki/>i. [[Watalii]] wengi hutembelea mbuga hiyo kila mwaka kuona geyser na wanyama huko.
== Jiografia ==
Karibu [[asilimia]] 96 ya mbuga ziko katika [[Majimbo ya Marekani|jimbo]] la [[Wyoming]]. Asilimia tatu ziko [[Montana]] na asilimia moja tu huko [[Idaho]]. Eneo lake ni [[km2]] 9,100. .
Miaka 640,000 iliyopita Yellowstone ilikuwa mahali pa [[volkeno]] kubwa.
Volkeno hii ilisababishwa na " hotspot " katika [[koti]] ya [[Dunia]], ambako [[bamba la Amerika Kaskazini]] lilipita juu yake na kuyeyusha [[ganda la Dunia]] hapa. [[Mlipuko]] mkubwa wa volkeno ulirusha kilomita za mjazo 1,000 za miamba na [[lava]] [[Hewa|hewani]]. {{Convert|240|cumi}} ya [[mwamba]] na lava angani.<ref name="volcanic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs100-03/|title=Tracking changes in Yellowstone's restless volcanic system|work=|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|date=2006-01-09|accessdate=2007-03-12}}</ref>
[[Wataalamu]] wanategemea kutokea kwa mlipuko mwingine katika muda usio mbali sana.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Lowenstern|first=Jake|date=June 2005|title=Truth, fiction and everything in between at Yellowstone|url=http://www.agiweb.org/geotimes/june05/feature_supervolcano.html|journal=Geotimes|publisher=American Geologic Institute|access-date=2007-03-12|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203211435/http://www.agiweb.org/geotimes/june05/feature_supervolcano.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Picha:Antilocapra_americana.jpg|right|thumb|225x225px| Swala la Pronghorn hupatikana mahali pengi kwenye nyasi za mbuga. ]]
=== Baisoni ===
[[Picha:Bison_near_a_hot_spring_in_Yellowstone.JPG|left|thumb|225x225px| Baisoni hutafuta malisho karibu na chemchemi ya moto ]]
Kati ya [[wanyama]] wakubwa mashuhuri wa Yeloowstone ni [[kundi]] la [[baisoni]]. Hao ng'ombe mwitu wakubwa walijaza [[nyika]] za [[Amerika ya kaskazini]] kwa [[idadi]] za mamilioni hadi [[karne ya 19]]. [[Mwaka]] [[1902]] wanyama 50 waliokuwa kati ya mwisho waliobaki walipelekwa Yellowstone. Mnamo mwaka [[2003]] idadi yao ilikuwa imeongezeka kufikia 4,000.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== Tovuti zingine ==
{{Commons category-inline|Yellowstone National Park}}
* [http://www.nps.gov/yell/ Maeneo rasmi ya Hifadhi ya Kitaifa ya Yellowstone]
* [http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/tours/ Nyumba ya sanaa ya picha ya kina ya Yellowstone kwenye tovuti rasmi ya NPS.gov]
* [http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/history.html USGS: Historia ya volkeno ya uwanja wa Volkano wa Planoau] {{Wayback|url=http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/history.html |date=20070318093739 }}
* [http://bioinfo.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/LAHT/b1.html Maisha kwenye joto la juu]{{Wayback|url=http://bioinfo.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/LAHT/b1.html |date=20200324115759 }} - Utangulizi wa bakteria ya thermophilic ya Yellowstone.
* [http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs100-03/ ''Kufuatilia Mabadiliko katika Mfumo wa Volkeno wa''] Sio wa Volkano usiovunjika, Uchunguzi wa Jiolojia wa Amerika, Karatasi ya Ukweli 100-03, 2004
* [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&articleID=00076914-0667-10AA-84B183414B7F0000 Jarida la Sayansi Amerika (Juni 2004 Suala) Masomo kutoka kwa Wolf]
[[Jamii:Wyoming]]
[[Jamii:Montana]]
[[Jamii:Idaho]]
[[Jamii:IUCN Jamii II]]
l6vnqly40mn9q2foyqttnelts2ireol
Ziwa Vostok
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{{Ziwa
| jina = Ziwa Vostok
| picha = LakeVostok-Location.jpg
| maelezo_ya_picha = Mahali pa ziwa katika Antaktiki
| mahali =
| nchi = [[Antaktiki]]
| eneo = [[kilomita ya mraba|km<small><sup>2</sup></small>]] 12,500
| kina = mita 432
| mito inayoingia =
| mito inayotoka =
| kimo = ,ita -500
| miji =
}}{{coord|77|30|S|106|00|E|display=title}}
[[Picha:Lake Vostok drill 2011.jpg|250px|thumb|Ziwa Vostok chini ya barafu ya Antaktiki]]
[[Picha:Lake Vostok Sat Photo color.jpg|150px|thumb|Ziwa Vostok jinsi linavyoonekana kutoka satelaiti]]
'''Ziwa Vostok''' ni [[ziwa]] lililopo kwenye [[Bara la Antaktiki]] chini ya ngao ya [[barafu]]. Ni moja kati ya maziwa 400 yaliyotambuliwa chini ya barafu ya Antaktiki; ni ziwa kubwa la bara hilo.
Ni ziwa lenye [[maji]] ya kumiminika yaliyo [[mita]] 4000 chini ya uso wa barafu ya Antaktiki.
[[Jina]] lake limetokana na [[Kituo cha Vostok]] cha [[Urusi]] kilichopo kwenye uso wa barafu juu yake.
Kuwepo kwa ziwa hilo liligunduliwa na [[Mwanasayansi|wanasayansi wa]] [[Urusi]] na [[Uingereza]] waliotumia mitambo ya [[rada]].
Ziwa lina [[Maji matamu|maji safi]]. [[Jotoridi]] ya maji ni karibu -3 [[Selsiasi|°C]] lakini hayagandi, hubaki kiowevu kwa sababu ya [[shinikizo]] kubwa la [[barafu]] juu yake.
== Uhai ==
Hakuna uthibitisho bado kama huna [[uhai]] wowote katika maji ya ziwa hili. Sehemu hii haikuwa na uhusiano na nje kwa miaka [[milioni]] kadhaa kwa sababu imefungwa chini ya ngao ya barafu ya Antaktiki. Wanasayansi walitoboa barafu hadi uso wa ziwa mara 3 wakakuta baadaye [[bakteria]] katika sampuli za maji lakini imegunduliwa baadaye kwamba bakteria wote ni machafuko yaliyoingizwa na vifaa vya kutobolea barafu. [[Kimeng'enya|Enzymes]] ya kinga.
[[Mazingira]] katika ziwa yanaaminiwa kufanana na yale ya [[Mwezi (maana)|mwezi]] [[Europa]] wa [[Mshtarii|Mshtarii (Jupiter)]] au mwezi [[Enceladus]] wa [[Zohali]]. Kupata uhai katika ziwa hilo kungeongeza uwezekano wa kukuta uhai umekuwepo katika moja ya miezi hiyo. <ref name="tdg">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/12/secret-life-o-1.html|title=Mystery of Antarctica's 15-million year-old lake|date=2007-12-04|accessdate=2009-07-01|work=The Daily Galaxy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316014449/http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/12/secret-life-o-1.html|archivedate=2008-03-16}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Tovuti za Nje ==
{{Commons category|Lake Vostok}}
* [http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/news/story3_2_01a.html Mailiya Chini ya barafu ya Antarctic, Maisha ya Ziwa La Maji Meupe la Bahari ya Maji] . Robert Lee Hotz, ''Los Angeles Times'' .
* [http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~mstuding/vostok.html Columbia.edu: About Lake Vostok]
* [http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/vostok/ Columbia.edu: "Lake Vostok: A Curiosity or a Focus for Interdisciplinary Study?"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/vostok/ |date=20200427181049 }} (1998)
* [http://www.asoc.org/storage/documents/Other_publications/asoc_vostok_statement041408.pdf ASOC.org: Lake Vostok Letter of Appeal to Russia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.asoc.org/storage/documents/Other_publications/asoc_vostok_statement041408.pdf |date=20160304055957 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130115045958/http://documentary.operationreality.org/2011/07/19/the-lost-world-of-lake-vostok-under-antarctica/ OperationReality.org: video documentary about Lake Vostok]
{{mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Antaktiki]]
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Topido
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[[Picha:USN MK-46 Mod 5 lightweight torpedo.jpg|thumb|300px|Topido nyepesi ya Kimarekani aina "A Mark 46 Mod 5" ikirushwa kutoka manowari; itaanguka kwenye maji na kuendelea chini ya uso wa maji]]
[[Picha:FS Redoutable torpilles.jpg|300px|thumb|Topido ikiingizwa katika bomba la kurushia kwenye nyambizi ya Kifaransa]]
[[Picha:Torpille Whitehead.jpg|300px|thumb|Topido ya kwanza ya Whitehead: mbele iko sehemu kilipukaji, katikati sehemu ya hewa iliyoshinikizwa, nyuma injini inayozungusha parapela]]
'''Topido''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''torpedo'') ni [[silaha]] inayotumiwa kwenye [[maji]]. Kimsingi ni [[bomu]] lililounganishwa na [[injini]] na [[parapela]], kwa hiyo inaweza kujisukuma katika maji (mara nyingi chini ya maji) na kuelekea lengo lake ambako bomu linalipuka.
Topido inajulikana kama silaha kuu ya [[nyambizi]] lakini [[historia]] yake ilianza kama silaha ya [[manowari]] za kawaida. Awali neno "torpedo" lilitumiwa kutaja aina mbalimbali za mabomu ya maji yasiyokuwa na injini.
[[Mwaka]] [[1866]] [[mhandisi]] [[Mwingereza]] [[Robert Whitehead]] alitengeneza topido ya kwanza katika utumishi wa [[wanamaji]] wa [[Austria-Hungaria]]; aliunda silaha yenye [[baruti]] [[Kilogramu|kg]] 9 iliyoendeshwa kwa nguvu ya [[hewa]] iliyoshinikizwa na kuendesha parapela; iliweza kujisukuma kwa [[umbali]] wa [[mita]] 300-400 kwa [[kasi]] ya [[km/h]] 11.
Silaha hiyo ya kwanza iliboreshwa haraka ikatambuliwa kwamba hata [[boti]] dogo linaweza kubeba topido kadhaa na kuwa hatari kwa manowari kubwa. Hii ilithibitishwa kwa kuzamishwa kwa manowari ya [[Milki ya Osmani]] mwaka [[1878]] iliyoshambuliwa na maboti madogo ya [[Urusi]] yaliyobeba topido.
Tangu kupatikana kwa nyambizi topido ilikuwa silaha kuu iliyorushwa chini ya maji. Lakini kulikuwa pia na sehemu za kurusha topido kwenye [[nchi kavu]] kwa shabaha ya kutetea [[hori]] au [[Bandari|mlango wa bandari]] dhidi ya manowari.
Injini za hewa iliyoshinikizwa zilitumiwa hadi [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] lakini wakati ule tayari [[injini za umeme]] zilianza kutumiwa.
Leo hii kuna injini tofautitofauti. Umbali wa topido umeongezwa hadi kufikia kilomita kadhaa. Manowari hubeba topido hasa kwa kujihami dhidi ya nyambizi.
==Viungo vya Nje==
* [http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=d00_1172059035 Swedish Bofors 'Torpedo 2000' promo video]
* Modern Torpedoes And Countermeasures [http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-4/joseph.html] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/MONITOR/ISSUE3-4/joseph.html |date=20120222222226 }}
* US Navy torpedo data cut and pasted from a [http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/factfile/weapons/wep-torp.html Navy Fact File] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/factfile/weapons/wep-torp.html |date=20051104005915 }}
* Early History of the Torpedo [https://web.archive.org/web/20120509115031/http://www.btinternet.com/~philipr/torps.htm Torpedo History]
* US Naval Undersea Museum [https://www.keyportmuseum.cnrnw.navy.mil/torpedotech.htm Torpedo Display] {{Wayback|url=https://www.keyportmuseum.cnrnw.navy.mil/torpedotech.htm |date=20050908111923 }}
* US Naval Undersea Museum [https://www.keyportmuseum.cnrnw.navy.mil/torpedoes.htm Torpedo Collection] {{Wayback|url=https://www.keyportmuseum.cnrnw.navy.mil/torpedoes.htm |date=20050226023752 }}
{{tech-stub}}
[[Category:silaha]]
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Yuda Mmakabayo
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[[image:Juda Maccabaeus.png|thumb|Yuda Mmakabayo kadiri ya [[Guillaume Rouillé]], ''[[Promptuarii Iconum Insigniorum]]'']]
[[File:Maccabean dynasty.PNG|right|400px|thumb|Wazao wa Matatia.]]
[[File:Schnorr von Carolsfeld Bibel in Bildern 1860 152.png|thumb|300px|Yuda katika ''Die Bibel in Bildern''.]]
[[File:Judea Judas Makk.PNG|right|thumb|300px|Nchi ya Yuda chini ya Yuda Mababayo.]]
'''Yuda Mmakabayo''' (kwa [[Kiebrania]]: '''יהודה המכבי''',<ref>The modern Hebrew spelling for Maccabaeus follows a reconstruction based on the Greek name Μακκαβαῖος (the double "kk" being rendered as the Hebrew character ''kaph'' = '''כ'''), while overlooking the more ancient spelling of this name found in the Aramaic [[Scroll of Antiochus]], and where the name is rendered as '''מַקבֵּי'''.</ref> ''Yehudah ha-Makabi'') alikuwa [[kuhani]] wa [[Israeli]], [[mwana]] wa [[tatu]] wa [[Matathia]], aliyeongoza [[taifa]] lake dhidi ya [[Dola la Waseleuko]] ([[167 KK|167]]–[[160 KK|160]] [[KK]]) ili kupata [[uhuru wa dini]] na hatimaye [[uhuru]] wa [[taifa]] upande wa [[siasa]] pia.<ref>Virtually all that is known about Judah Maccabee is contained in the Books of the Maccabees and in the works of [[Yosefu Flavius|Josephus]], largely dependent on this source.</ref>.
[[Sikukuu]] ya [[Hanukkah]] ("Kutabaruku") ilianzishwa chini yake kufanya kila [[mwaka]] [[ukumbusho]] wa [[ushindi]] uliomwezesha kutakasa [[hekalu la Yerusalemu]] mwaka [[164 KK]].
[[Ukoo]] wake ([[Wahasmonei]]) uliendelea kutawala [[Yudea]] hadi [[63 KK]], wakisisitiza [[dini]] ya [[Uyahudi]] na kupunguza athari ya [[ustaarabu]] wa [[Ugiriki wa kale]] kati ya [[Wayahudi]].
==Vyanzo==
Habari zake zinasimuliwa katika [[kitabu cha kwanza cha Wamakabayo]] na [[kitabu cha pili cha Wamakabayo]] vilivyoandikwa na watu tofauti katika [[karne II KK]] na ambavyo vyote viwili ni kati ya vile vya [[Deuterokanoni]] vinavyokubaliwa na [[Wakristo]] wengi kama sehemu ya [[Biblia]].
Pia kuna [[vitabu]] vingine viwili juu yake ([[Wamakabayo III]] na [[Wamakabayo IV]]) ambavyo havimo katika toleo la [[Septuaginta]] wala katika [[Biblia ya Kikristo]].
[[Ushujaa]] wake unasifiwa katika [[waraka kwa Waebrania]] kama kielelezo cha [[imani]].
==Mazingira ya vita vyake: uenezi wa utamaduni wa Kiyunani (333-63 KK)==
Kwa muda mfupi sana [[Aleksanda Mkuu]] wa [[Makedonia]] ([[Ulaya]] Kusini Mashariki) aliteka [[Asia]] (mpaka [[India]]) na Misri. Kuanzia hapo [[utamaduni]] na [[lugha]] ya [[Kiyunani]] vikaenea pote, hata kwa Wayahudi wengi, hasa walioishi nje ya nchi yao.
Chini ya utawala wa Kiyunani [[unabii]] ukaja kwisha ([[1Mak]] 9:27): badala yake yalitolewa [[maandiko ya kiapokaliptiko]] (hasa [[kitabu cha Danieli]] ambacho ni kama [[Ufunuo]] wa [[Agano la Kale]]), [[hadithi]] ([[Kitabu cha Yona|Yona]], [[Kitabu cha Tobiti|Tobiti]], [[Kitabu cha Esta|Esta]], [[Kitabu cha Yudith|Yudithi]]) na [[vitabu vya hekima]] ([[Kitabu cha Mhubiri|Mhubiri]], [[Kitabu cha Yoshua bin Sira|Yoshua bin Sira]], [[Kitabu cha Hekima|Hekima]]).
Humo tunaona [[maendeleo ya ufunuo]], hasa kwa sababu Wayahudi wengi walianza kusadiki [[ufufuko]] wa wafu na mengineyo.
Nguvu ya [[imani]] hiyo iliwasaidia kukabili [[dhuluma]] na [[kifo]] ([[2Mak]] 7:1-41) chini ya [[Antioko Epifane]] ([[175 KK]] - [[164 KK]]) aliyetaka kuwalazimisha waache kufuata [[Torati]] ili wajilinganishe na watu wengine. Tena akijidai kuwa tokeo la [[Mungu]] Mkuu alijenga [[altare]] kwa mungu wake ndani ya [[hekalu la Yerusalemu]].
Hapo Wayahudi wakaanza kupigania uhuru wao wa kidini na wa kisiasa chini ya ukoo wa Wamakabayo, ambao kwa imani na [[ushujaa]] mkubwa wakafaulu kushinda majeshi ya kutisha (1Mak 3:18-22), kutakasa [[hekalu]] (1Mak 4:36-61) na kurudisha [[ufalme wa Israeli]] mpaka baada ya [[Warumi]] kuweka Uyahudi chini ya himaya yao ([[63 K.K.]]).
Ndiyo asili ya kundi la [[Mafarisayo]] (yaani “waliojitenga”), walioshika kwa bidii Torati kadiri ya [[mapokeo]] ya [[walimu wa sheria]], wengi wao wakiwa [[walei]]. Kwa jumla walileta [[uamsho]] wa kiroho kati ya Wayahudi, lakini walidharau wenzao wasiojua [[Maandiko Matakatifu]]. Pia walishindana sana na [[Masadukayo]] kuhusu masuala ya dini na ya siasa hata kusababisha mauaji; kwa kuwa Masadukayo (waliokuwa na nguvu kati ya makuhani) walikataa mafundisho hayo mapya huku wakishika Torati tu.
==Tazama pia==
*[[Wamakabayo]]
*[[Kitabu cha kwanza cha Wamakabayo]]
*[[Kitabu cha pili cha Wamakabayo]]
==Tanbihi==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Marejeo==
* Schalit, Abraham (1997). "Judah Maccabee". ''[[Encyclopaedia Judaica]]'' (CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0). Ed. [[Cecil Roth]]. Keter Publishing House. {{ISBN|965-07-0665-8}}
* Schäfer, Peter (2003). ''The History of the Jews in the Greco-Roman World''. Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-30585-3}}
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commonscat|Judas Maccabeus}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060816170336/http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=427&rsid=478 The Hasmoneans on the Web (Resource Index)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041212031934/http://www.isidore-of-seville.com/maccabeus/ Judas Maccabeus on the Web (pictures and directory)]
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=672&letter=J Jewish Encyclopedia]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08541a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia]
*[http://www.lionsofjudea.co.il Lions of Judea - The miraculous story of the Maccabees]
*[http://www.untitledtheater.com/Hanukkah%20Play%20Script.html Playing Dreidel with Judah Maccabee] {{Wayback|url=http://www.untitledtheater.com/Hanukkah%20Play%20Script.html |date=20181103190252 }} (script excerpt from play)
*[http://virtualreligion.net/iho/judah_mac.html Judah Maccabee]
*[http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=1&ArticleID=29 "Under the Influence: Hellenism in Ancient Jewish Life"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bib-arch.org/bar/article.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=36&Issue=1&ArticleID=29 |date=20120229232302 }} Biblical Archaeology Society
*[http://jewishhistorylectures.org/2015/10/21/judah-maccabee-jewish-biography-as-history-first-lecture-of-the-fall-2015-lecture-series/ Who Was Judah Maccabee?] by [[Henry Abramson|Dr. Henry Abramson]]
{{mbegu-mtu-Biblia}}
[[Category:Waliofariki 160 KK]]
[[Category:Watu wa Biblia]]
[[Category:Historia ya Israeli]]
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Zaina Foundation
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'''Zaina Foundation''' ni [[asasi isiyo ya kiserikali]] na ya kifaida iliyosajiliwa kwa mujibu wa [[sheria]] [[mwaka]] [[2017]] ikiwalenga sana [[wanawake]] na watoto wa kike katika kuwawezesha juu ya matumizi sahihi ya [[Mtandao|mitandao]] na mifumo ya [[dijiti|kidijitali]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About Us – Zaina Foundation|url=https://zainafoundationtz.org/about-us/|accessdate=2020-02-09|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Taasisi hii imekuwa ikiandaa mafunzo na [[semina]] mbalimbali kwa wanawake na watoto wa kike juu ya namna ya kutumia ulinzi katika mitandao ili kujikinga na [[unyanyasaji wa kijinsia]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Zaina Foundation increasing cyber security knowledge for Tanzanian women|url=https://safesisters.net/2017/12/15/zaina-foundation-helps-women-in-tanzania-to-increase-their-knowledge-of-cyber-security/|work=Safe Sisters|accessdate=2020-02-09|language=en-US|author=helen|archivedate=2020-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812061451/https://safesisters.net/2017/12/15/zaina-foundation-helps-women-in-tanzania-to-increase-their-knowledge-of-cyber-security/}}</ref> na ulinzi wa kimtandao.
== Malengo ==
Kuwezesha wasichana na wanawake katika [[teknolojia]] kupitia usalama wa dijiti na semina za kujenga uwezo wa faragha na mafunzo.
== Maono ==
Kuendeleza na kusaidia wanawake ambao ni [[waandishi wa habari]], watetezi wa [[haki za binadamu]], [[wanafunzi]] wa teknolojia, [[wanasheria]], na wanafunzi sawa, kuboresha kabisa njia pamoja na kulinda taarifa za mitandaoni.
Taasisi hiyo ilianzishwa na [[Zaytuni Njovu|Zaituni Njovu]] ambaye ni [[mtaalamu]] wa [[teknolojia za habari]] na [[mawasiliano]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=CIPESA-FIFAfrica2019-Zaituni|url=https://cipesa.org/fifafrica/speaker/zaituni/|work=Forum on Internet Freedom in Africa (FIFAfrica)|accessdate=2020-02-09|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918164254/https://cipesa.org/fifafrica/speaker/zaituni/}}</ref>.
==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu}}
[[Jamii:Intaneti]]
[[Jamii:Mashirika]]
[[Jamii:Malezi]]
[[Jamii:Dar es Salaam]]
axp060z33pfda0o6qjiqzh9jbwlhbal
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu
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/* Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ mjadala mpya
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{{karibu}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 19 Desemba 2020 (UTC)
==Kuhusu Uhariri==
Habari ndugu Anuary Rajabu
Hongera sana kwa jitihada zako za kuhariri katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, jaribu kupitia sana ukurasa wa mabadiliko ya karibuni ili kuweza kuona baadhi ya makala zako na namna zinavyoendelea kuboreshwa, na utumie maboresho hayo katika makala zako nyingine.
Amani sana kwako. Idd ninga'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 22:58, 23 Mei 2021 (UTC)
==Volkeno==
Ndugu naona tunaingiliana kwenye makala kuhusu [[Chamko la volkeno]]. Sijamaliza bado. Ushauri ni: uangalie historia ya makala; kama imehaririwa dakika chache zilizopita, kuna uwezekano mhariri bado anaendelea.. Kwa hiyo heri kusibiri hadi kesho. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:05, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC)
:Ooh Sawa kiongozi nimekuelwa Samahani kwa hilo, Nitafanya hivo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:17, 25 Mei 2021 (UTC)
==Jina la Mtu==
Salamu Anuary Rajabu
Unaweza kuangalia katika makala zako zenye majina ya watu na kuona baadhi ya mabadiliko hasa ya masahihisho ya jina, kwa kawaida unapoandika jina la mtu inafaa kabisa jina liandikwe kwa herufi kubwa badala ya ndogo, unaweza kuona namna majina ya makala zako yalivyobadilishwa, hongera kwa juhudi unazofanya, endelea kujifunza zaidi, [[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])
== Nimekuzuia siku 3 ==
Ndugu, uliondoa vigezo vya umaarufu, vyanz na futa kutoka ukurasa wa [[Melody Mbassa]], bila maelezo yoyote. Hapa umeingilia katika kazi ya usimamizi wa wikipedia hii. Nimekuzuia sasa kwa siku 3, huwezi kuhariri kwa siku hizo. Unaweza kujieleza kwenye ukurasa huu hapa. Ukiweza kutaja sababu zinazoeleweka naweza kuondoa kizuizi.'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC)
Naomba kusamehewa,nilikua sijui kuhusu hilo lakini kwa kuwa kiongozi wangu ameweza kunielekeza kuhusu hilo, sitoweza kufanya hivo tena kwani mie sio mjuzi sana katika uhariri wa makala. Hivo nimeweza kujifunza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC)
:Asante kwa kujibu. Nimekufungua. Ila bado hujasema kwa nini uliondoa vigezo vile? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 18:57, 28 Mei 2021 (UTC)
== Can you help me correct an article? Thank you! ==
Hello, {{Ping|Anuary Rajabu}}!
I wrote an article on Andrea Benetti, a well-known Italian artist https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Benetti_(artist). I used the automatic translator to make a draft https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13 . Could you help me correct the text and add the infobox with the photo at the beginning and the categories at the bottom? Unfortunately I don't know the language and I am not able to do it ...
Thanks for what you can do, see you soon, --'''[[Mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|BarbaraLuciano13]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:BarbaraLuciano13|majadiliano]])''' 09:11, 19 Juni 2021 (UTC)
==Marekebisho==
Salamu Anuary, tazama katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entisar_Elsaeed kuna sehemu umeandika kuwa Entisari ni mwanaharakati wa kutetea Wanawake, lakini katika makala hii ukasema kuwa Elsaeed na taasisi yake walilenga katika kuongeza unyanyasaji wa wanawake majumbani, nafikiri kuwa ulitaka kuandika kupunguza, sasa cha kufanya pitia makala yake ni kuifanyia marekebishom, tazama katika makala ya kiingereza nini kilichoandikwa,Amani sana'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 18:34, 9 Machi 2022 (UTC)
:sawa kiongozi nimeelewa nitafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:47, 10 Machi 2022 (UTC)
==Hongera==
Anuary naona siku hizi unaleta michango mingi yenye thamani. Naona umeshika vizuri fomati ya wikipedia. Nakupa Hongera! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 07:59, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC)
:Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:34, 16 Machi 2022 (UTC)
::Pamoja na pongezi, naomba uangalie makala zenyewe: kweli tunahitaji kutetea ushoga? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:13, 29 Machi 2022 (UTC)
:::Asante kwa kufanyia doria makala nyingi. Mimi nimezidiwa. Ila naomba uondoe tanbihi za Wikipedia ya Kiingereza na hasa jamii nyingi mno. Unakuta makala ya mwanamuziki wa Nigeria ina jamii:Sanaa ya Afrika! kama si Jamii:Afrika! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:14, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC)
::::Asante sana, nitajitahidi kufanya hivyo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC)
== JAMII za Muziki Aziingiliani na michezo ==
Amani kwako ndugu, kuwa makini wakati unachagua jamii ya kuweka kwenye makala,acha kuunganisha jamii ya muziki na makala za mchezo wa Mpira wa miguu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 19:41, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC)
:Asante kwa ukumbusho nadhani ni suala la kujisahau tu katika ukopiji wa jamii wakati wa kuchapisha makala, hivo nitazipitia makala zangu zote ili kurekebisha makosa hayo. Amani iwe nasi sote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:54, 14 Mei 2022 (UTC)
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The Google form to submit information of winners during the 2022 edition of Feminism and Folklore 2022 end on 10th of June 2022. Please be informed that you will loose your prize once the deadline for sending information ends. We humbly urge you to kindly fill the form using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScK5HgvVaLph_r_afctwShUuYVtXNwaN24HUSEYnzUUho8d-Q/viewform?usp=sf_link this link] as soon as possible.
Feel free to contact us on mail or talkpage if you have any difficulties.
Thank you for understanding!
Regards
International Team
Feminism and Folklore 2022
'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:38, 5 Juni 2022 (UTC)
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== Mipira ya samaki ==
Salamu Anuary. Ukichangia makala unafuata mabadiliko katika makala haya na kusoma majadiliano yake? Niliweka maoni yangu na swali kwenye [[Majadiliano:Mipira ya samaki]] (angalia hapo chini). Bado ninangoja jibu lako.
Mipira wa samaki ni tafsiri isiyofaa kwa "fish balls". Maana ya mpira kwanza ni "rubber", kwa hivyo ikiwa maana yake ni "ball" hiyo ball ni aina ya rubber au labda ya plastiki. Kwa ujumla, "food ball" ni tonge kwa Kiswahili, au kitonge ikiwa ni dogo. "Meat ball" ni kababu, kwa hivyo labda tutumie hii kwa "fish ball" pia. Mnapendelea neno gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' 06:00, 22 Juni 2022 (UTC)
:Asante sana Chriko kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, hakika kweli Mipira ya samaki sio tafsiri thabiti ya "fish ball", hivyo katika kuchangia kwangu uhariri wa makala hiyo sikuweza kupitia huo ujumbe wako ulioacha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 02:16, 23 Juni 2022 (UTC)
== Tena jamii ==
Asante kwa kutekeleza masahihisho. Sasa mfano wa [[Alfred Dan Moussa]]. Umemweka kwa "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" PIA "Watu wa Cote d'Ivoire". Hii ya pili ni bure. "Wanahabari wa Cote d'Ivoire" umeanzisha kama jamii mpya, sasa unahitaji kufungua ukurasa wake (bofya jina jekundu tu) na ndani yake unaandika (katika mabano mraba) "Watu wa Cote Cote d'Ivoire" halafu pia jamii husika ya wanahabari. Uitafute tu, utakuta jina tofauti kidogo "Jamii:Waandishi wa habari". '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 26 Julai 2022 (UTC)
:Ahsante sana kwa ukumbusho wako mzuri, lakini makala hii sikuianzisha mimi, hivo mie nimefanya masahihisho tu katika makala.
:Pia katika suala la kuongeza, kupunguza na masahihisho ya jamii niliogopa kuingilia majukumu ndio maana niliacha kama nilivyokuta, kwani nafahamu hilo ni jukumu la mkabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:02, 27 Julai 2022 (UTC)
==[[Sage Steele]]==
Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako. Ila unapotaka kuchangia ukurasa fulani, usianze na moja. Kwa mfano huo hapo juu ulikata viungo na maandishi mazuri. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:07, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC)
:ukarasa huo ulikua hauna vyanzo na pia baadhi ya maudhui yalikua hayaendani na makala ya kiingereza, hivo ndio nilikua najaribu kuongeza vyanzo kwa kuanza kuandika upya, lakini baadhi ya vitu kama jamii na picha nimerejesha kama awali ilivyokua.
:Unaweza kuupitia sasa hivi ukaona. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:16, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC)
::Sawasawa, ila kumbuka si lazima ukurasa wa Kiswahili ufanane na ule wa Kiingereza! Kwa mfano kwa Kiswahili nadhani hatusemi sana "mtangazaji mwanamke" bali ni "mwanamke mtangazaji" au "mtangazaji wa kike". Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC)
:::Ahsante sana kwa kunipatia uelewa ambao nilikua sina hapo awali, hivo nitayafanyia kazi yote haya kuhakikisha kuwa makala zinakua bora zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:00, 31 Julai 2022 (UTC)
==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya==
Habari nimeona umefanya kazi sana kuwakaribisha waliojiandikisha, asante sana!! Ila sasa naona umeanza kukaribisha pia URL. Sitaki kukuzuia, ukiwa nba muda mwingi endelea tu. Ila tu faida yake si kubwa sana. Maana wengi wanaingia kwa [[URL]] tofautitofauti zinazoweza kubadilika. Hapo ni sababu kwa kawaida hatuifanyi. Ila ni chaguo lako. [[Maalum:Michango/2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19|2003:CE:6730:1F01:2C97:DBF6:8B7:A19]] 12:47, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC)
::Kumbe safari hii nilingia pia kwa URL fulani ! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:49, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC)
:Asante sana kwa kunikumbusha na kunielekeza hapa nimeelewa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:34, 16 Agosti 2022 (UTC)
== Kuongeza jamii ==
Habari, naona umeongeza jamii kwenye makala zilizokosa jamii za maana (zote zilipangwa chini ya "amani" pekee, ambayo haisiaidii kitu.
Ila umeweka "mbegu za watu" ambayo haisaidii vilevile (ningependa kuifuta lakini ziko nyingi mno tayari, heri tuache kuitumia). Maana kusudi la jamii ni kuainisha makala na kupanga makala ambazo mada zinafanana.
Njia bora ni kuona kama makala iko kwenye enwiki na kuchagua jamii za huko; hii inahitaji muda kidogo maana unahitaji kupeleleza kwanza kama jamii iko kwa Kiswahili, halafu utaitumia, au unaanza jamii mpya. Kwa vyote tazama [[Msaada:Jamii]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 10:42, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC)
:Asante ndugu Kipala kwa kunielekeza kile ambacho nilikua sikifahamu hapo awali, lakini sasa nimefahamu hivyo sitofanya hivyo tena na nitajaribu kuzipitia makala zote ambazo niliziwekea jamii hiyo na wakati mwingine takua mdadisi kwanza kabla ya kuweka jamii husika. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:24, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC)
::Asante kwa jibu zuri. Sitaki kukusumbua nafurahi kamba unajifunza haraka na kuboresha wikipedia yetu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC)
:::Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:29, 20 Agosti 2022 (UTC)
==Tafadhali uwe macho makala zilizotafsiriwa kwa kompyuta==
Habari naona ulijitahidi kusahihisha makala kadhaa ambazo niliangalia baadaye na kuzipendekeza kwa ufutaji (k.v. [[Itifaki ya Mitandao ya Kijamii iliyosambazwa]], [[Ufahamu wa mazingira]]. Ukiona matini ni vigumu nashukuru ukihakikisha kama ni tafsiri ya kompyuta. Wengine kama Mwambashi901 hawaonyeshi interwiki; mara nyingi ni rahisi kutambua makala ya enwiki waliyojaribu kutafsri, kwa kumwaga jina la makala katika google translate (maana huko walichukua jina). Mimi hutumia google translate kutafsiri sehemu ya kwanza kutoka enwiki kwenda sw, halafu nalinganisha kwenye ukurasa wa word pande zote kandokando (natumia jeswali).
Nikiona A) matini imepokelewa neno kwa neno kutoka google, na B) Kiswahili kina kasoro, makosa au hakieleweki, ninaamua kama naweza kuisahihisha (au kama ninapenda kutumia muda wangu kwa jambo hili) halafu C) ama ninasahihisha au D) ninabandika kigezo cha <nowiki>{{futa}}</nowiki> na kuandikisha makala katika orodha ya [[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] (kwa kubofya link yake), ambako mwingine ataiangalia na kuamua.
Kwa jumla uone [[Msaada:Tafsiri_ya_kompyuta]]. Nitashukuru ukiweza kusaidia kutambua makala zenye lugha na tafsiri mbaya. Tumepata idadi kubwa ya makala kupitia google translate na tokeo lake ni kweli hatari kwa ajili ya wikipedia hiyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 07:16, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
:Asante sana kwa maelekezo yako na nimekuelewa vizuri sana, hivyo kuanzia sasa tajitahidi niwe napitia vema makala hasa za watumiaji wapya ambao ndio wanaanza kachangia katika Wikipedia ya kiswahili na pia baadhi ya watumiaji wengine ambapo makala zao zinakua na dalili ya kutungwa na kompyuta na makosa mengine mbalimbali.
:Lakini pia naomba kujua je, nikikutana na makala yenye dalili ya kutungwa na kompyuta nina ruhusiwa pia kuweka alama ya "Tafsiri ya Kompyuta" au hiyo inaruhusiwa kwa "Wakabidhi" tu? '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:03, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
::ukiona dalili weka alama tu. Pia pendekezo la "futa". Maazimo ya baadaye yatachukuliwa na wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:20, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
:::Sawa asante sana nimeelewa nitajitahidi kuwa nafanya hivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:57, 8 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
== Dead links ==
Habari, asante kwa kusafisha dead links. Kwa jumla si vibaya tukichungulia kama hiyo link imehamishwa kabla ya kufuta tu. Wakati mwingine inasadia kutafuta kwa google jina la makala inayotajwa . ---- Pamoja na hayo je umeshapiga kura ukurasa wa Jumuiya? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 13:47, 9 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
:Asante sana kwa kuniewesha kwani hapo awali nilijua hazina maana yoyote, sasa nimeelewa. Ndio kura nimeshapiga tayari kwenye ukurasa wa Jumuiya. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 9 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
::Samahani kwa kuingilia majadiliano hayo, mimi pia najitahidi kuondoa dead links, kumbe ni afadhali tuziache? Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:58, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
:::Bila ya samahani, hakika asante sana kwa kuchangia, kwa mujibu wa ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ni afadhali tuziache au kabla ya kuifuta ni bora kuichungulia kwanza kama haijahamishwa '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:17, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
::::Ushauri wangu ni: kama ziko bure, tuzifute tu. Lakini mimi naona mara kadhaa marejeo yaleyale yanapatikana kwa anwani tofauti, nikitafuta jina la faili katika google. Inachukua muda zaidi kuchungulia, kwa hiyo kila mmoja anapaswa kuamua mwenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:06, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
:::::Sawa sawa hapo nimeelewa na hata ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] natumaini nayeye ameelewa labda kama analo la kuongezea. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:24, 11 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
== Sending regards and few questions to ask... ==
Hello, if I may I will shift to Kiswahili.
Ni kwamba asante kwa ukaribisho Mzuri kutoka juu na pia ya kuongeza asante hata kwa university wikimedians kwa kunipa nafasi ya kujiunga katika platform hii ya wikipedia...
Niko ma swali, mona ni kwamba inakuaje kama nitahitaji kuweka picha na hio picha haipo kwenye platform yeyote ya wikipedia but only inapatikana kwenye mtandao mara nyingine kwenye tovuti kuu husina inayoshikiria hati miliki.
Na pili nimeweza kuweka picha pamoja na taarifa kwa kiufupi kama inavoonekana kwenye makala za watu au makampuni.
Ni hayo tu, Shukran sana na nitakua pamoja na nyie.
Denis R. John [[Maalum:Michango/196.249.97.46|196.249.97.46]] 19:29, 27 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
:Salaam ndugu,
:Asante sana kwa swali lako zuri na karibu sana kwenye Wikipedia ya kiswahili, hivyo kwa mujibu wa taratibu za Wikipedia huzingatia sana faragha za mtu binafsi, kwahivyo huruhusiwi kuchukua picha ya kitu au mtu au media yeyote kutoka kwenye nyenzo zingine au mitandao ya kijamii na kuweza kuitumia kwenye makala za wikipedia bila ya ridhaa ya mmiliki husika.
:Na ili kuweza kutumia picha husika kwenye makala za wikipedia, kwanza kabisa inakupasa kuipakia kwenye jukwaa la Wikimedia Commons kwa kuzingatia taratibu zote za faragha za mmiliki wa picha au media husika au kama picha au media hiyo uliipiga au kuandaa wewe mwenyewe pia bila ya kupitia huko kwenye nyenzo zingine au mitandao ya kijamii.
:Asante,amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:34, 30 Novemba 2022 (UTC)
== Translations for Wikimania 2023 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}},
You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating these pages in your languages would be highly appreciated. Currently the following pages are available for translation:
*[[wikimania:2023:Contact]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Expo space]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Glossary]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Ideas]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Ideas/Globe]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Organizers]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Program]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Travel]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Updates]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Volunteer signup]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Wikimania]]
*[[wikimania:Template:Wikimania 2023 header]]
If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]].
Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]])
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== Translations for Wikimania 2023 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}},
You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. We already have a few pages related to Wikimania 2023 available for translation on Wikimania wiki. Your help with translating the following pages in your languages would be highly appreciated:
*[[wikimania:2023:Health]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Questions]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/FAQ]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Samples]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Scholarships/Travel Scholarship application]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Tech Subcommittee/Request for Proposal]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Visas]]
If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]].
Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]])
<small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 22 Januari 2023 (UTC)
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:Habari '''[[Mtumiaji:SISTY MUSHISA|SISTY MUSHISA]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SISTY MUSHISA|majadiliano]])''' 11:26, 17 Februari 2023 (UTC)
== Translations for Wikimania 2023 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Hi {{ROOTPAGENAME}},
You are receiving this notification because you have listed yourself as a volunteer for Wikimania 2023 either [[m:Wikimania 2023/Volunteers|on Meta]] or [[wikimania:2023:Volunteer|on Wikimania wiki]] or because you have [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|subscribed on Meta]]. Your help with translating the following pages on Wikimania wiki in your languages would be highly appreciated:
*[[wikimania:2023:Attendees]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Program Subcommittee]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Program/FAQ]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Program/Form Questions]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Satellite events]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Scholarship Subcommittee]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Socialize]]
*[[wikimania:2023:Travel Coordination]]
If you do not want to reiceive further notifications about pages related to Wikimania 2023, which are available for translation, you may remove your name from [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimania 2023 translations|this list]].
Thanks for your help! --[[User:Ameisenigel|Ameisenigel]] ([[User talk:Ameisenigel|talk]])
<small>This message was delivered through [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]</small> --'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 4 Machi 2023 (UTC)
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==Makala kuhusu Analog Pussy==
Ndugu nmeona pitio lako katika makala hii https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Pussy,na ningependa kujua je kundi la muziki lenye kufanya kazi za muziki sindo kundi la wanamuziki?,ningependa kujua juu ya hilo ili makosa kama hayo yasijirudie. Amami sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 19:33, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC)
:Yote ni sahihi lakini tukisema kundi la wanamuziki, hapo naona inakua inaleta maana nzuri zaidi kwa sababu inajumuisha muunganiko wa watu fulani kwenye kazi ya muziki, kuliko tukisema kundi la muziki (ambapo hapa mwingine anaweza kufafanua kama mjumuisho wa aina fulani za muziki n.k) '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:29, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC)
:Sawa sawa '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 22:04, 14 Aprili 2023 (UTC)
== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners ==
[[Faili:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023_logo.svg|center|frameless|550x550px]]
:: <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"></div>
''{{int:please-translate}}''
Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments.
If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help.
Best wishes,
[[metawiki:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]]
:::: Stay connected [[Faili:B&W_Facebook_icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]] [[Faili:B&W_Twitter_icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
--'''[[Mtumiaji:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tiven2240|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 10 Juni 2023 (UTC)
== Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project ==
('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>.
[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are:
We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:'''
*'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''')
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili
*'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]''').
**Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili
'''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''.
; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours!
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
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== <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2024)</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
[[File:Group photo - Edu Wiki conference 2023, Belgrade, Serbia.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Group photo of the 2023 EduWiki Conference in Belgrade, organized by Wikipedia & Education User Group]]
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
<div style="column-count:1;">
'''Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Recognition_and_Derecognition|Recognition of Cyprus, Botswana, Niger, and Telugu user groups]]
'''Affiliate Activities Report''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#Affiliate_Activities_Report|Reports from Belgium, South African, and Ukrainian chapters]]
'''AffCom Movement Contribution''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement with the new Affiliates Strategy and Movement Charter drafts]]
'''AffCom Administration''': [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_1#AffCom_Administration|New AffCom members and advisors]]
</div>
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:56, 18 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
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== Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza ==
<section begin="announcement-content" />
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Ndugu Mwanawikimedia,
Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC.
Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura.
Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]].
Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki.
Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" />
[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC)
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== <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2024)</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
[[File:Wikimedia-Summit-2024-Friday-128.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom group photo at Wikimedia Summit 2024 in Berlin, Germany]]
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 2}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
<div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Updates: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Adoption of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]]
Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Madagascar, Senegal, Republic of Congo, and Namibia user groups]]
Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]]
AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Six active conflicts, no new reports for Q4]]
AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia Summit and ESEAP Conference]]
AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#AffCom_Administration|Officers elections and departing members]]
Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_2#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at Wikimania 2024]]
</div>
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:30, 15 Julai 2024 (UTC)
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== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (July-September 2024)</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
[[File:Wikimania 2024 - Lviv - Day 3 - AffCom meets community.webm|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at Wikimania 2024]]
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 3}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
<div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Implementation status of a new affiliate health criteria and changes to User Groups recognition process]]
Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Togo, Wayúu, and Singapore user groups]]
Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]]
AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]]
AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimania]]
AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the officers elections]]
Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Upcoming AffCom Events|AffCom at WikiIndaba and a strategy meetup]]
Other Movement News: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_3#Other_Movement_News|Regional conferences, mental health support, and new committee support inbox]]</div>
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 1|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:55, 7 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
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== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (October-December 2024)</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
[[File:Affiliations Committee 2024 05.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at its Strategic Retreat in Frankfurt]]
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
<div style="column-count:1;">Affiliates Strategy Update: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Strategy Updates|Notes from the 2024 AffCom strategic retreat]]
Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|User group application pause lifted]]
Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]]
AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]]
AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue4_#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at WikiIndaba]]
AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_4#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Mari Avetisyan appointed new AffCom secretary]]</div>
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 4|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:04, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC)
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== Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda ==
<section begin="body"/>
[[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]]
'''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]'''
Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele.
Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha.
Asante!<section end="body"/>
[[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC)
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== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2025)</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
[[File:WMB meeting in Belo Horizonte in 2023 (day 02) 059.jpg|256px|right|thumb|Wikimedia Brasil, the latest chapter to be recognized by AffCom]]
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
<div style="column-count:1;">
Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Brasil and four user groups]]
Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]]
AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]]
AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 5#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at Wikimedia+Libraries and Wikisource conferences]]
AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Welcoming new AffCom voting and advisory members]]
Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_5#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|AffCom at ESEAP Strategy Summit]]</div>
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 5|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 01:30, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
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== Faulty editings ==
[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lazarus&diff=1148956&oldid=1143252 PURE VANDALISM] - no wikilinks inside reference parameters! [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-52117|~2025-52117]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-52117|talk]]) 08:33, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC)
:Dear 2025-52117,
:Thank you for your reminder, and I appreciate your effort in reviewing the wiki pages. Just to clarify, the edits were made about four years ago, when I was still new to Wikipedia. At that time, I didn’t have much experience, so I may have made mistakes without realizing it.
:In the meantime, I believe there is no need to use harsh language to criticize someone. Pointing out issues in a respectful manner would be more constructive.
:Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] Wakuongea kwa ustaarabu hao temp account? Utasubiri sana. Siwapendi hao temp kupita maelezo. Ni vile WMF imeamua lakini hapa kwetu wafungiwe tu. Wanatusumbua sana. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 20:55, 4 Mei 2025 (UTC)
:::Sorry for being so upset! Don't ask - Don't tell!, After UNJUST losing of several "InternetBuddy" accounts to itchy meta sexual abuse hunters, I resort only to temporary accounts, 75% of them are mine. [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-52533|~2025-52533]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-52533|talk]]) 06:55, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC)
:::[[Maalum:Michango/I_like_peace_and_quiet]], [[Maalum:Michango/I_like_quiet_and_peace]], [[Maalum:Michango/Norbilian]], [[Maalum:Michango/Nailibron]], and others, very same history, but at other times. [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-52246|~2025-52246]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-52246|talk]]) 07:57, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC)
::::Naona kweli ni wasumbufu na wanatia kero kweli; kwetu huku hata wasiwepo tu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:32, 5 Mei 2025 (UTC)
:::::[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandi&diff=1414098&oldid=1414088 Real Annoyance]. [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-53157|~2025-53157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-53157|talk]]) 08:17, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC)
==[[Philip Mpango]]==
Ndugu, kabla hujaanzisha makala uangalie kama ipo tayari ili uiongezee badala ya kufuta kazi ya wenzako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:25, 22 Julai 2025 (UTC)
:Ni kweli kabisa hilo ni sahihi na wakati mwingine takua makini zaidi kwenye hilo.
: Nilipata ushawishi wa kuandika makala hiyo wakati napitia makala ya [[Siasa ya Tanzania]] kipengere cha Makamu wa Rais Philip Mpango ilikua nyekundu baada ya kuwekewa kiungo cha ndani, Nimekuja kugundua makala ipo tayari kwa utofauti wa kichwa cha jina wakati nataka kuunganisha na viungo vya lugha zingine.
:Katika kufanya tathmini nipunguze ipi nikaona iliyokuepo tayari ilikua ni fupi sana.
:Na sijajua hii tofauti inakuepo vipi? Mfano makala iliyokuepo kwa jina la "Filip Isdor Mpango" lakini ilipowekewa kiungo cha ndani kwa jina la "Philip Mpango" peke yake haikuonesha muunganiko wa moja kwa moja kama ilivyo kwenye makala zingine nyingi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:33, 22 Julai 2025 (UTC)
::Shida ni kwamba ulianzisha makala kwa kutegemea kipengele chekundu cha ukurasa uliokuwepo. Ungeanza mwenyewe kuandika jina yangetokea majina mengine ya kufanana, kama lile la makala ya awali. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:16, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC)
:::Ni kweli kabisa, Shukrani sana kwa kunikumbusha katika hilo. Wakati mwingine nitakua nafanya tafiti kabla ya kuandika hata kama makala ina kipengere chekundu, ili kuepusha muingiliano kama huo.
:::Tuko pamoja Mzee Riccardo katika kuimarisha maudhui kwenye wikipedia yetu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:45, 23 Julai 2025 (UTC)
== [[Maalum:Michango/Ternera]] ==
Obvious behavior akin to SOVIET COMMISSAR, [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-32681-1]] was OK! [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-33265-3|~2025-33265-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-33265-3|talk]]) 19:45, 4 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
== <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Affiliations Committee News (April-June 2025)</span> ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<section begin="announcement-content" />
[[File:MNL25 - day one 08.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom session at the ESEAP Strategy Summit 2025 in Manila, the Philippines]]
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
<div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Aotearoa New Zealand and Assamese Wikimedia Community User Group]]
Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Affiliate Activities and Compliance Report|Activities reports around the world]]
AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]]
AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 6#AffCom_Movement_Contribution|AffCom engagement at the ESEAP Strategy Summit]]
AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#AffCom_Administrative_Updates|Results of the AffCom officers election]]
Upcoming AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_6#Upcoming_AffCom_Events|Meet AffCom at Wikimania]]</div>
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]<section end="announcement-content" />
</div>
'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:25, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
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== Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano ==
Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 07:54, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
==Grass Wonder==
Ndugu, huyo alikuwa farasi, si mwanamichezo. Pole na amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:Asante kwa kuliona hilo, nilichanganya maudhui '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:23, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
==Kimwali mmbaga==
Ndugu, samahani tena, naona umekuwa mkali mno kwa mchangiaji huyo mwenye bidii. Hata wiki moja ilikuwa adhabu kubwa mno, sasa umerefusha hadi mwaka mzima! Naomba umfikirie upya. Makosa yake si makubwa vile! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:58, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:Huyu ndugu Kimwali mmbaga, ni kweli kabisa ni mchangiaji mzuri na mwenye bidii. Lakini hivi karibuni amechapisha makala nyingi, Katika kufanya doria kwenye makala nimepitia makala zake nimeona nyingi ni kama tafsiri ya kompyuta na hii ni kwa sababu kuna mashindano ya uandishi sijui?. Hivyo nikaanza na baadhi kuanza kufanya marekebisho.
:Sasa katika hali ya kujenga na kuelimishana nikamuandikia ujumbe kwenye ukurasa wake wa [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Kimwali_mmbaga|majadiliano]], kwani niliona bado anazidi kuchapisha makala nyingi zenye makosa yale yale. Nikatoa mfamo wa makosa yenyewe na kumuomba asifanye chapisho jipya lolote kwa muda ule ili kufanya marejeo na marekebisho katika makala alizochapisha kwanza.
:Ndugu Kimwali alipuuza na kuendelea na machapisho yenye makosa yale yale. Hivyo kwa namna hiyo inakua inavunja moyo kwa wanaopitia kufanya marekebisho na wengine wanarudia makosa yale yale kuongeza mzigo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:06, 10 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
== Kuomba kufunguliwa akaunti ==
Habari,
Ninaomba kufunguliwa akaunti yangu na ninaahidi kutokutimia tafsiri ya kompyuta kutengeneza makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jolvin Joel|Jolvin Joel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jolvin Joel|majadiliano]])''' 10:04, 10 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Salaam ndugu,
:Asante kwa ujumbe, na umepokelelewa. Kutumia programu za kusaidia tafsiri kama google translater na zingine nyingi sio kosa kwani inarahisisha kazi. Lakini programu hizo nyingi si kamilifu sana katika kutoa kiswahili kizuri, hivyo inahitaji jitahada za ziada katika kufanya marekebisho ya kiumbo ili kiswahili kiwe sawa sawa.
:Pamoja katika kuijenga Wikipedia yetu, Sasa umefunguliwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:27, 10 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
== Kiswenglish ==
See [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Utoaji_mimba_wa_kuchagua_jinsia&diff=1417305&oldid=1417303 this], thy revert is WRONG, this is SWAHILI not ENGLISH. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 17:34, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Ni sahihi lakini kigezo hiko hakipo, hivyo [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigezo:Reflist kigezo hiki kilichopo] ndio kinatumika kama kilivyo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:06, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
Always there was <nowiki>{{marejeo}}</nowiki> as alias for <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>. '''[[Mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|Donna Wanyama]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Donna Wanyama|majadiliano]])''' 18:24, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Sawa as long as ni back-end ikiwa <nowiki>{{marejeo}}</nowiki>, "<nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>" au "<reference>" vyote vinafanya kazi bila kuhaathiri muundo wa makala, nadhani hakuna shida ndugu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:18, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
== Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025) ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
[[File:At Wikimania 2025 127.jpg|256px|right|thumb|AffCom at Wikimania 2025 in Nairobi, Kenya]]<br>
<div style="column-count:1;">Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|Recognition of Wikimedia Georgia: recognized & announced September 2025]]
Recognition Status Report: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#Recognition Status Report|Updates of affiliate applications]]
AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Conflict Intervention|Updates on conflict intervention cases]]
AffCom Movement Contribution: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue 7#AffCom at WikiConference North America|AffCom at WikiConference North America]]
AffCom Administration: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem|AffCom and EDs Discuss Affiliate Ecosystem]]
AffCom Events: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_7#AffCom Administrative Updates|AffCom at Wikimania]]</div>
</div>
Affiliations Committee News (July-December 2025)
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|This newsletter is best translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 7|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" />
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 11:11, 13 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div>
;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026
Dear Wikimedian,
We thank you for taking an initiative to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.
The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.
;About the Campaign
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.
;What Can Participants Write About?
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:
* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances
* Women and queer figures in folklore
* Women in mythology and oral traditions
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices
Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.
;Checklist for Organizers
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:
# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]]
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline
#* Local and international prizes
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''
;Campaign Tools
The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:
* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.
Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''
;Learn More & Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.
If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.
;Join Us in upcoming office hours
We look forward to your presence in the upcoming office hours where the community and the international Team can interact with each other and know more about the contest. resister yourself for the [[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|office hours event]].
Thank you and all the best,
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''
----
''Stay connected:''
[[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]
[[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
</div></div>
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury ==
Hello {{PAGENAME}}!,
Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts!
To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have:
* Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]:
* Started promoting the campaign within your community.
* Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified.
* Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community.
=== Internet & Childcare Support ===
Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''.
'''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]'''
Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained.
=== Important Participation Guidelines ===
* Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers).
* If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us.
=== Community Engagement ===
* Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign.
* Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally.
* In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''.
Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊
Thank you for your collaboration!
''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.''
Feminism and Folklore International Team.
–'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 05:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC)
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==Kufuta makala==
Ndugu, naona unapenda sana kufuta makala badala ya kuzifanyia kazi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC)
:Salaam Mzee Riccardo
:Nafanya marekebisho sana, lakini makosa yanarudiwa yale yale na waandishi wale wale, baadhi ya makala zinakua mbaya zaidi na ni ndefu sana kiasi kwamba ni ngumu kuifanyia marekebisho, na mwadishi mwenyewe anakua ameitelekeza bila ya marekebisho yeyote. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:36, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC)
== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==
<div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;">
<div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div>
Dear Organizer,
I hope this message finds you well.
First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.
As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].
Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.
Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance.
Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.
Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.
Warm regards,
[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team
<nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki>
</div></div>
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Greetings,
The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.
This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.
The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.
In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div>
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== Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr">
<!-- == Affiliations Committee News (January-March 2026) == -->
<small>''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|You can find this newsletter translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 6}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''</small>
Quarterly newsletter sharing news and events about the work of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee]].
[[File:AffCom_and_GRDC_members_at_APP_meeting,_Lisbon_2026_01_(cropped).jpg|220px|right|thumb|AffCom and GRDC members at APP meeting, Lisbon, Portugal]]
<div style="column-count:1;">
Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition and Derecognition|This past quarter, AffCom recognized no new Affiliates due to the pause in recognizing new affiliates.]]
AffCom Conflict Intervention: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#AffCom Conflict Intervention|AffCom is currently addressing eight ongoing affiliate conflict cases received in previous quarters.]]
Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Affiliate Recognition Pause Extension|The Wikimedia Foundation, together with the AffCom, has extended the pause on new affiliate recognition until September 1, 2026.]]
New Affiliate Model Development Efforts: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#New Affiliate Model Development Efforts|The Affiliations Committee held collaborative meetings with the Global Resource Distribution Committee (GRDC) to explore the development of a new affiliations model.]]
Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee/News/Issue_8#Towards a Healthy Ecosystem of Wikimedia Organizations: Updates on the Movement Organizations Pilot, GRDC, and AffCom|Two major pilot initiatives were launched to address long-standing questions about the roles of movement organizations and the future of resource allocation.]]
<div class="hlist" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:100%; ">'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee/News/Issue 8|read this newsletter in full]]''' • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Affiliations Committee/News|subscribe/unsubscribe]]</div><section end="announcement-content" />
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:50, 03 May 2026 (UTC)
</div>
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==Uislamu==
Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako, ila nimeona ukurasa mpya kuhusu Mitume katika Uislamu wakati kulikuwa na nyingine kuhusu Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu. Ni lazima zibaki mbili au zinaweza kuuunganishwa? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:21, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:Ni kweli mzee nimeona na kwa asilimia kubwa maudhui yanaendana, lakini ukurasa huo wa zamani naona kama umeelezea kwa ujumla katika dini zote japokuwa kichwa cha ukurasa kinaonekana [[Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu]], na huu wa [[Mitume katika Uislamu]] umeelezea katika muktadha wa Uislamu pekee, nadhani tukiziacha hivyo vivyo sio mbaya sana, au kuonganisha zote kwa kuchanganua maudhui kwanza ili kuendana na kichwa cha ukurasa wenyewe. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:39, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::Asante kwa kunijibu. Najua huwezi kuwa Mwislamu ukikataa mitume na manabii walioishi kabla ya Muhammad. Kwa maana hiyo makala ya awali ilizungumzia watu wa dini nyingine. Kumbuka kwamba Uislamu unasema dini hiyo ilianza na Adamu, si na Muhammad. Hivyo hakuna namna ya kukwepa hao mitume na manabii wanaoheshimiwa na Wayahudi na Wakristo, eti ni wa dini nyingine! Amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::Mzee Riccardo umenukuu vibaya maelezo yangu, sijasema nakataa mitume wengine katika Uislamu, bali nilikua naelezea muktadha wa hizi makala mbili kwa kujibu ujumbe wako wa kwanza ambapo ulisema "''Ni lazima zibaki mbili au zinaweza kuuunganishwa?''"
:::Katika majibu yangu ya awali, nilikuwa namaanisha kusikiliza na kuona wewe pia una mtazamo gani kuhusu kuziunganisha au kuziacha kama zilivyo. Ndiyo maana nikasema: ''“Nadhani tukiziacha hivyo hivyo si mbaya sana, au tukaziunganisha kwa kuchanganua maudhui kwanza ili yaendane na kichwa cha ukurasa wenyewe.”''
:::Maana yangu ilikuwa kwamba, kama tutaziacha basi kuwe na utofauti, ule ukurasa wa zamani labda ubaki kama “Mitume na Manabii”, huku huu mwingine ukibaki “Mitume katika Uislamu”. Au kama tutaunganisha, basi maudhui ya ukurasa huu mpya yaweze kuunganishwa katika ule wa zamani kwa namna ambayo yataendana na kuongeza uzito wa maudhui bila kupoteza muktadha wake.
:::Halafu pia jambo ambalo sikulieleza katika maelezo yangu ya awali, na huenda likachangia kuonekana kama naleta utofauti wa kidini. Ukurasa huu mpya wa [[Mitume katika Uislamu]] niliuchapisha bila kujua kwamba ukurasa wa [[Mitume na Manabii katika Uislamu]] ulikuwa tayari upo kulingana na utofuti wa kimajina. Awali niliwaza kuufuta lakini niliona kama kuna utofauti kidogo kimaudhui.
:::Lengo ni kufanya majadiliano ya kujenga, hasa ikiwa sote tuna dhamira moja ya kukuza maudhui yenye manufaa kwa jamii yetu ya leo na ya kesho.
:::Amani tele mzee wangu. Nakusikiliza, tufanyaje sasa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:48, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC)
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== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser,
This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.
Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.
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'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''
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== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.
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'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.
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Zaituni Njovu
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{{Infobox Person
|jina = Zaituni Njovu
|picha = NJOVU.jpg
|maelezo_ya_picha = Zaituni Njovu akiwa na tuzo ya Mtetezi bora wa haki za binadamu,[[2019]]
|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa =
|mahala_pa_kuzaliwa =
|tarehe_ya_kufariki =
|mahala_alipofia =
|majina_mengine =
|anafahamika kwa =
|kazi_yake =
|nchi =
}}
'''Zaituni Njovu''' ni [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[shirika lisilo la kiserikali]] liitwalo [[Zaina Foundation]] lililoanzishwa [[mwaka]] [[2017]]. [[Makao makuu]] ya shirika hilo yapo [[Dar es Salaam]]. Lengo kuu la kuanzishwa shirika hili ni kuwawezesha [[wanawake]] katika [[teknolojia]] haswa kupitia warsha na mafunzo mbalimbali ya [[elimu]] ya kidijitali na kutafsiri [[programu]] mbalimbali za teknolojia kwa [[lugha ya Kiswahili]]. Zaituni Njovu ni mhamasishaji wa matumizi ya [[intaneti]] nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zainafoundationtz.org/mafunzo-ya-usalama-wa-mitandaoni-kwa-wanahabari/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-01-05 |archive-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108112103/https://zainafoundationtz.org/mafunzo-ya-usalama-wa-mitandaoni-kwa-wanahabari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/ngos-urged-train-disabled-digital-security</ref>
==Maisha ya Awali==
Zaituni alizaliwa mkoani [[Tanga]] lakini [[asili]] yake ni [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma]]. Alipata [[elimu ya msingi]] [[mkoa wa Tanga]] na baadae alifaulu hadi kufika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Arusha]] ambapo alisoma [[ualimu]] wa kufundisha [[kompyuta]]. Zaituni ni mpenzi wa kusoma teknolojia, kusafiri na kukutana na marafiki wapya, mara nyingi akitumia [[teknolojia]] kuwakutanisha watu na kujenga [[urafiki]].
==Tuzo==
[[Mwaka]] [[2018]] Zaituni alishinda [[tuzo]] ya Mtetezi Bora wa [[Haki za binadamu|Haki za Binadamu]] [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]] tuzo ambayo ilitolewa na shirika la kimataifa la Kutetea haki za binadamu katika wakati wa kidijitali liitwalo ''Access Now.''<ref>https://www.accessnow.org/zaituni-njovu-human-rights-hero</ref>
Njovu alipatiwa tuzo hiyo ya heshima [[Tunisi]] Juni 2019 wakati wa ''Rightcon Tunis 2019'' , kutokana na kazi yake ya kuwasaidia wanawake kuweza kutumia teknolojia kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswahili]] ambapo Zaina Foundation imekuwa ikitafsiri programu mbalimbali ambazo zimekuwa zikitumiwa na wanawake wa Tanzania na [[Afrika Mashariki]].
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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{{Infobox Person
|jina = Zaituni Njovu
|picha = NJOVU.jpg
|maelezo_ya_picha = Zaituni Njovu akiwa na tuzo ya Mtetezi bora wa haki za binadamu,[[2019]]
|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa =
|mahala_pa_kuzaliwa =
|tarehe_ya_kufariki =
|mahala_alipofia =
|majina_mengine =
|anafahamika kwa =
|kazi_yake =
|nchi =
}}
'''Zaituni Njovu''' ni [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[shirika lisilo la kiserikali]] liitwalo [[Zaina Foundation]] lililoanzishwa [[mwaka]] [[2017]]. [[Makao makuu]] ya shirika hilo yapo [[Dar es Salaam]]. Lengo kuu la kuanzishwa shirika hili ni kuwawezesha [[wanawake]] katika [[teknolojia]] haswa kupitia warsha na mafunzo mbalimbali ya [[elimu]] ya kidijitali na kutafsiri [[programu]] mbalimbali za teknolojia kwa [[lugha ya Kiswahili]]. Zaituni Njovu ni mhamasishaji wa matumizi ya [[intaneti]] nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://zainafoundationtz.org/mafunzo-ya-usalama-wa-mitandaoni-kwa-wanahabari/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-01-05 |archive-date=2021-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108112103/https://zainafoundationtz.org/mafunzo-ya-usalama-wa-mitandaoni-kwa-wanahabari/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/ngos-urged-train-disabled-digital-security</ref>
==Maisha ya Awali==
Zaituni alizaliwa mkoani [[Tanga]] lakini [[asili]] yake ni [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma]]. Alipata [[elimu ya msingi]] [[mkoa wa Tanga]] na baadae alifaulu hadi kufika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Arusha]] ambapo alisoma [[ualimu]] wa kufundisha [[kompyuta]]. Zaituni ni mpenzi wa kusoma teknolojia, kusafiri na kukutana na marafiki wapya, mara nyingi akitumia [[teknolojia]] kuwakutanisha watu na kujenga [[urafiki]].
==Tuzo==
[[Mwaka]] [[2018]] Zaituni alishinda [[tuzo]] ya Mtetezi Bora wa [[Haki za binadamu|Haki za Binadamu]] [[Bara|barani]] [[Afrika]] tuzo ambayo ilitolewa na shirika la kimataifa la Kutetea haki za binadamu katika wakati wa kidijitali liitwalo ''Access Now.''<ref>https://www.accessnow.org/zaituni-njovu-human-rights-hero</ref>
Njovu alipatiwa tuzo hiyo ya heshima [[Tunisi]] Juni 2019 wakati wa ''Rightcon Tunis 2019'' , kutokana na kazi yake ya kuwasaidia wanawake kuweza kutumia teknolojia kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiswahili]] ambapo Zaina Foundation imekuwa ikitafsiri programu mbalimbali ambazo zimekuwa zikitumiwa na wanawake wa Tanzania na [[Afrika Mashariki]].
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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Varsha Nair
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{{Infobox_Person
| jina = Varsha Nair
| nchi = Uganda
| majina_mengine = Varsha Nair
| picha =
| ukubwawapicha =
| maelezo_ya_picha =
| jina_la_kuzaliwa = Varsha Nair
| tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa =Kampala,Uganda, 1957
| mahala_pa_kuzaliwa =Kampala,Uganda
| tarehe_ya_kufariki =
| mahala_alipofia =
| sababu_ya_kifariki =
| anajulikana kwa =
| kazi_yake = Msanii wa Filamu
| cheo =
| mshahara =
| kipindi =
| alitanguliwa_na =
| akafuatiwa_na =
| chama =
| bodi =
| dini =
| ndoa =
| rafiki =
| watoto =
| mahusiano =
| tovuti =
| maelezo =
| mwajiri =
| urefu =
| uzito =
}}
'''Varsha Nair''' (alizaliwa [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]], [[1957]]) ni [[msanii]] mwenye [[asili]] ya [[Uhindi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.varshanair.studio/about|title=Varsha Nair - About|website=Varsha Nair|language=en|access-date=2018-03-30|archive-date=2019-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182328/https://www.varshanair.studio/about|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ni maarufu kwa hisia za kuhama.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Varsha-Nair/8926485B9508BA08|title=Nair, Varsha {{!}} Artist Profile with Bio|website=www.mutualart.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-30|archive-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415100858/https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Varsha-Nair/8926485B9508BA08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alipata mafunzo kutoka chuo kikuu cha ''Baroda'' na kuhamia [[Bangkok]] mwaka [[1995]] na baadae kuhamia [[Uingereza]] akitoka [[India]] na kurudi. [[Saikolojia]] ya hisia za kuhama iliyotengenezwa wakati wake wa kuhamahama zimewekwa katika kazi zake.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/ideas/ideas/interview-with-varsha-nair|title=Interview with Varsha Nair|last=Archive|first=Asia Art|website=aaa.org.hk|language=en|access-date=2018-03-30|archive-date=2019-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602112311/https://aaa.org.hk/en/ideas/ideas/interview-with-varsha-nair|url-status=dead}}</ref> kazi hizi zimeelezewa kishahiri katika kwa aina yake kama mahusiana na nafasi huishi.<ref name=":1" /> Alikua sehemu ya kikundi mkakati cha kwanza kilichotengeneza Womanifesto, jukwaa la kuonyesha wasanii wa kimataifa nchini [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/862112488|title=Asia through art and anthropology : cultural translation across borders|others=Nakamura, Fuyubi, 1974-, Perkins, Morgan,, Krischer, Olivier,, Morphy, Howard,, 中村, 冬日, 1974-|date=5 December 2013|isbn=978-0857854483|location=London|oclc=862112488}}</ref>
Ameonyesha pia katika makumbusho mbalimbali na vinchanja kikiwemo Kichanja cha ''Guild'' cha [[sanaa]] cha [[Mumbai]]<ref name=":0" /> na ''Tate Modern''.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://artasiapacific.com/Magazine/62/StillMovingImage|title=ArtAsiaPacific: Still Moving Image|website=artasiapacific.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-30}}</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}
{{mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[jamii: Arts and Feminism 2023]]
[[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uganda]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]]
[[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uhindi]]
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Ufalme wa Ashanti
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[[Picha:Asante map.jpg|450px|thumb|Ramani ya Ashanti.]]
[[Picha:Flag of Ashanti.svg|250px|thumb|Bendera ya Ashanti.]]
'''Ufalme wa Ashanti''' (pia '''Asante''': ''Asanteman'') ulikuwa [[milki]] ya [[Waashanti]], ambao ni [[kundi]] mojawapo kati ya [[Waakan]] katika nchi ambayo ni [[Ghana]] ya kisasa. [[Ufalme]] wa Ashanti ulidumu kutoka [[mwaka]] [[1701]] hadi [[1957]] ukiendelea leo hii kama "mamlaka ya kimila" ndani ya [[Ghana]]. Mkuu wa milki ni [[mfalme]] mwenye [[cheo]] cha [[Asantehene]]. [[Mji mkuu]] ni [[Kumasi]].
== Historia ==
Milki hiyo ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka [[1700]] na [[mfalme]] [[Osei Tutu]] ([[1695]] hivi – [[1717]]) na mshauri wake [[Okomfo Anokye]]. [[Kiti cha dhahabu|Kiti cha Dhahabu]] cha Ashanti kilikuwa [[ishara]] ya kuunganisha ufalme. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Osei Tutu {{!}} king of Asante empire|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osei-Tutu|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-30}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Asante Kingdom|url=https://www.iriemag.com/rock-asante-kingdom/|work=Irie Magazine|accessdate=2020-12-04|archive-date=2020-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126130154/https://www.iriemag.com/rock-asante-kingdom/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Osei Tutu alisimamia upanuzi mkubwa wa eneo la Ashanti akaanzisha mfumo mpya wa kijeshi uliofanya [[askari]] wa Waashanti washindi katika [[vita]] zilizofuata. <ref name="Collins and Burns (2007), p. 140.">Collins and Burns (2007), p. 140.</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1701 [[jeshi]] la Ashanti lilishinda [[milki ya Denkyira]]. [[Ushindi]] huo uliwapa Waashanti njia ya kufikia [[mwambao]] wa [[Ghuba ya Guinea]] na kuwawezesha kuingia katika [[biashara]] na [[Wazungu]], haswa [[Waholanzi]] na [[Wareno]]. [[Uchumi]] wa Ufalme wa Ashanti ulistawi hasa kutokana na biashara ya [[dhahabu]] na [[Biashara ya watumwa ya Atlantiki|watumwa]].<ref name="Green, Toby">{{Rejea kitabu|title=A fistful of shells : West Africa from the rise of the slave trade to the age of revolution|last=Green|first=Toby|isbn=978-0-241-00328-2|edition=Penguin Books Ltd. Kindle-Version|location=London|pages=108, 247}}</ref> Jeshi la Ashanti lilitumika kama zana madhubuti ya kupata mateka waliouzwa kama watumwa. <ref name="Shumway, Rebecca">{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Fante and the transatlantic slave trade|last=Shumway|first=Rebecca|isbn=978-1-78204-572-4|location=Rochester, NY|page=237}}</ref>
Ufalme wa Ashanti ulipigana vita kadhaa na falme za jirani na [[makabila]] madogo kama vile [[Wafante]]. Waashanti walifaulu kujitetea dhidi ya [[uvamizi]] wa [[Milki ya Uingereza]] katika vita mbili; walimwua [[jenerali]] [[Mwingereza]] [[Sir]] [[Charles MacCarthy]] mwaka [[1824]] wakapamba [[fuvu]] lake kwa kulifunika na [[dhahabu]] na kulitumia kama [[kikombe]] cha kunywea.
Katika vita zilizofuata Waingereza walifaulu kutokana na matumizi ya [[teknolojia]] ya [[silaha]] iliyoendelea na baada ya vita ya tano kati ya Uingereza na Ashanti ufalme wote ulikuwa sehemu ya [[koloni]] la [[Gold Coast]] tangu [[1 Januari]] [[1902]].
Leo, Ufalme wa Ashanti umebaki kama sehemu ya [[Jamhuri]] ya Ghana. Unatambuliwa kama "mamlaka ya kimila" ukitajwa vile katika [[katiba]] ya Ghana. <ref name="Roeder">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of Nationalism|last=Roeder|first=Philip|date=2007|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0691134673|location=Princeton|page=281}}</ref>
Mfalme wa sasa ni Otumfuo Osei Tutu II Asantehene. [[Ziwa Bosumtwi]] ambalo ni [[ziwa]] asilia pekee ya Ghana liko ndani ya ufalme. <ref name="Collins and Burns">Collins and Burns (2007), p. 139.</ref>
== Jiografia ==
[[Picha:Lake_Bosumtwi,_Ghana.jpg|thumb|[[Mlima|Milima ya]] Ashanti na Ziwa Bosumtwi.]]
Ufalme wa Ashanti ulikuwa mmoja kati ya falme kwenye [[pwani]] ya [[Afrika ya Magharibi]], pamoja na [[Dahomey]], [[Benin]], na [[Oyo]]. Ufalme wa Ashanti ulikuwa na [[milima]] na [[kilimo]] uliostawi. <ref name="Obeng, J. Pashington page 20">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh9jIVu2CyEC&pg=PA20|title=Asante Catholicism: Religious and Cultural Reproduction Among the Akan of Ghana|last=Obeng|first=J. Pashington|date=1996|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-10631-4|pages=20|language=en|quote=An empire of a hundred thousand square miles, occupied by about three million people from different ethnic groups, made it imperative for the Asante to evolve sophisticated statal and parastatal institutions [...]}}</ref> Sehemu ya [[kusini]] ya Ufalme wa Ashanti imefunikwa na [[misitu]] wenye unyevunyevu, lakini [[kaskazini]] ni kavu zaidi ikiwa eneo la [[savana]] lenye [[miti]] mifupi inayoweza kuvumilia [[moto]].
Maeneo ndani ya Ashanti yalikuwa na [[dhahabu]] kutoka [[mito]], [[kakao]] na [[mikola]]. Waashanti walitumia [[bidhaa]] hizo katika biashara yao na Wareno kwenye pwani, na milki jirani za [[Dola la Songhai|Songhai]] na [[Wahausa]].<ref name="Britannica">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Osei Tutu {{!}} king of Asante empire|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osei-Tutu|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-30}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osei-Tutu "Osei Tutu | king of Asante empire"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-30</span></span>.</cite></ref>
== Utumwa ==
[[Utumwa]] ulikuwa sehemu ya [[utamaduni]] katika Ufalme wa Ashanti. Kwa kawaida watumwa walipatikana kama mateka kutoka kwa maadui katika vita. Ashanti ilikuwa [[dola]] lenye watumwa wengi katika eneo la Ghana ya leo, ilikuwa pia chanzo kikuu cha watumwa kwa [[Biashara ya utumwa kupitia Atlantiki|biashara ya watumwa ya Atlantiki.]] <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=A history of indigenous slavery in Ghana : from the 15th to the 19th century|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofindigen0000perb|last=Perbi|first=Akosua Adoma|date=2004|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|isbn=9789988550325|location=Legon, Accra, Ghana|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofindigen0000perb/page/23 23]}}</ref>
Kimila ustawi wa watumwa ulitegemea hali ya mabwana wao. Wengine waliweza kuwa na [[mali]] ya binafsi, na hata kuoa au kuolewa katika [[familia]] ya bwana wao. Watumwa wakati mwingine waliweza kumiliki watumwa wengine, na pia kuomba bwana mpya ikiwa waliamini kuwa wananyanyaswa sana. <ref>Rodriguez, Junius P. ''The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery, Volume 1'', 1997. p. 53.</ref> Lakini ilikuwa pia kawaida kuwatoa kama [[Dhabihu ya wanadamu|dhabihu]] wakati wa [[mazishi]] ya bwana.
Mateka waliokamatwa kwa kusudi la kuwauza kwa [[wafanyabiashara]] Wazungu kwenye vituo vya pwani walitendewa kama bidhaa.
== Angalia pia ==
*[[Historia ya Ghana]]
*[[Kumasi]]
== Marejeo ==
{{marejeo}}
== Bibliografia ==
* Basil, Davidson [https://books.google.com.gh/books/about/African_Civilization_Revisited.html?id=dg4OAQAAMAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y Ustaarabu wa Kiafrika Ukarejelewa], Africa World Press: 1991
* {{Rejea kitabu|title=A History of Sub-Saharan Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofsubsaha0000coll|last=Collins|first=Robert O.|last2=Burns|first2=James M.|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2007|isbn=9780521867467}}<bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCollinsBurns2007">[[Special:BookSources/9780521867467|9780521867467]]</cite></bdi>
* {{Rejea kitabu|title=The Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred-Year War For Africa's Gold Coast|last=Edgerton|first=Robert B.|year=2010|isbn=9781451603736}}<bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEdgerton2010">[[Special:BookSources/9781451603736|9781451603736]]</cite></bdi>
* {{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NSs4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780521379946&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVuO2Uu6TuAhXNi1wKHa9OClQQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order|last=Ivor Wilks|date=1989|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=9780521379946|author-link=Ivor Wilks|access-date=2020-12-29|via=Books.google.com}}<bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFIvor_Wilks1989">[[Special:BookSources/9780521379946|9780521379946]]</cite></bdi>
* Kevin Shillington, 1995 (1989), ''Historia ya Afrika'', New York: Press ya St Martin.
* {{Rejea kitabu|title=The Drums of Kumasi: the story of the Ashanti wars|url=https://archive.org/details/drumsofkumasisto0000alan|last=Lloyd|first=Alan|publisher=Longmans|year=1964|location=London|lccn=65006132|ol=5937815M}}
* {{Rejea kitabu|title=Le royaume asante (Ghana): parenté, pouvoir, histoire, XVIIe-XXe siècles|last=Pescheux, Gérard|publisher=KARTHALA Editions|year=2003|isbn=2-84586-422-1|location=Paris|pages=582}}<bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPescheux,_Gérard2003">[[Maalum: Vitabu vya Vitabu / 2-84586-422-1|2-84586-422-1]]</cite></bdi>
* {{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5ltAAAACAAJ|title=History of Ghana: Since Pre-history|last=Seth K. Gadzekpo|date=2005|publisher=Excellent Pub. and Print|isbn=9988070810|access-date=2020-12-27|via=Books.google.com}}<bdi><cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeth_K._Gadzekpo2005">[[Special:BookSources/9988070810|9988070810]]</cite></bdi>
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-37710/Asante-empire the Ashanti Kingdom Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060830012722/http://ling.ucsd.edu/courses/ling19/ling19langdis/twi.htm UC San Diego - Asante Language Program - Directed Study]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/301013.stm BBC News | Africa | Funeral rites for Ashanti king]
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9057534/Osei-Tutu the Ashanti Kingdom Osei Tutu Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zh9jIVu2CyEC&pg=PA20&dq=Asante+Empire,+square+miles&as_brr=3&sig=twD9fRMRljkQQ9wLY9g-fOlORkg Asante Catholicism at Googlebooks]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024063513/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7880 Ashanti Page] at the Ethnographic Atlas, maintained at Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, [[:en:University_of_Kent|University of Kent, Canterbury]]
* [https://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi3/3_wondr1.htm Ashanti Kingdom] at the Wonders of the African World, at [[:en:Public_Broadcasting_Service|PBS]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061205031422/http://library.webster.edu/ashanti.html Ashanti Culture] contains a selected list of Internet sources on the topic, especially sites that serve as comprehensive lists or gateways
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter6.shtml ''The Story of Africa: Asante''] — BBC World Service
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120217065448/http://www.ascleiden.nl/Library/Webdossiers/Asante.aspx Web dossier about the Asante Kingdom]: [[:en:Afrika-Studiecentrum,_Leiden|African Studies Centre]], Leiden
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/37710/Asante-empire Encyclopædia Britannica, Country Page - ''the Ashanti Kingdom'']
[[Jamii:Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Historia ya Ghana]]
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{{Mtu
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|maelezo_ya_picha =Alcindor mnamo mwaka 2019
|jina la kuzaliwa =Yamiche Léone Alcindor
|alizaliwa =[[Miami]], [[Florida]], U.S.
|alikufa =
|nchi =Marekani
|kazi yake =Mwanahabari
|ndoa =Nathaniel Cline|2018
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}}
'''Yamiche Léone Alcindor''' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://media.twitter.com/en_us/articles/q-a/2019/herstory-yamiche-alcindor.html|title=Yamiche Alcindor, PBS NewsHour|access-date=5 June 2020}}</ref> (amezaliwa [[1 Novemba]] [[1986]] <ref>{{cite web |url=https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-78683 |title=Alcindor, Yamiche Léone |access-date=June 8, 2020 |publisher=Oxford African American Studies Center}}</ref>) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye ni mwenyeji wa ''Washington Week'', mwandishi wa Ikulu kwa ''PBS NewsHour'' na mchangiaji wa kisiasa wa ''NBC News'' na ''MSNBC''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://old.seattletimes.com/html/snohomishcountynews/2003043630_scott07n.html?syndication=rss |website =[[The Seattle Times]] |date =7 June 2006 |last =Barry |first =Scott |title =New Times bureau editor's roots are showing |access-date =17 March 2018 }}</ref><ref name="PBS1">{{Rejea tovuti |url =https://www.pbs.org/newshour/press-releases/award-winning-journalist-yamiche-alcindor-named-pbs-newshour-white-house-correspondent |title =Award-Winning Journalist Yamiche Alcindor Named PBS NewsHour White House Correspondent |date =30 November 2017 |access-date =4 March 2018 |publisher =[[PBS]] }}</ref><ref name="NYT-2021may4">{{Rejea habari |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |title= Yamiche Alcindor Is Named Host of 'Washington Week' on PBS |date=May 4, 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/04/business/media/yamiche-alcindor-washington-week-pbs.html |access-date=2021-05-04}}</ref>. Hapo zamani, alifanya [[kazi]] kama mwandishi wa ''USA Today'' na ''The New York Times''. Alcindor anaandikwa haswa juu ya siasa na masuala ya kijamii.
== Maisha ya awali na elimu ==
Alcindor alizaliwa [[Miami]], [[Florida]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.essence.com/culture/voices-new-america-yamiche-alcindor-journalism |title=The Future Of Journalism: Yamiche Alcindor Is Giving A Voice To The Voiceless |work=[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]] |access-date=March 17, 2018 |last=Williams |first=Lauren N. |date=February 22, 2017}}</ref><ref name="interview"/>. Alipokuwa shule ya upili, alikuwa mwanafunzi katika ''Westside Gazette'', gazeti la wenyeji wa Afrika na Amerika, na Miami Herald mnamo mwaka [[2005]].<ref name="interview2">{{Cite interview |url =http://www.newseuminstitute.org/2015/04/10/qa-with-yamiche-alcindor/ |publisher =[[Newseum|Newseum Institute]] |last =Alcindor |first =Yamiche |title =Q&A WITH YAMICHE ALCINDOR |interviewer =Jordan Gonzalez |access-date =17 March 2018 |date =10 April 2015 |accessdate =2021-05-15 |archivedate =2019-09-04 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20190904021358/http://www.newseuminstitute.org/2015/04/10/qa-with-yamiche-alcindor }}</ref><ref name="resume">{{Rejea tovuti |url =https://yamichealcindor.com/resume/ |title =RESUME |website =Yamiche Alcindor |access-date =17 March 2018 |accessdate =2021-05-15 |archivedate =2018-07-09 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153922/https://yamichealcindor.com/resume/ }}</ref> Alipata digrii ya shahada ya kwanza kwa Kiingereza na serikali katika masomo ya Kiafrika na Amerika katika Chuo Kikuu cha ''Georgetown'' mnamo mwaka [[2009]].<ref name="interview2" /> Alipokuwa akisoma, alikua mshiriki wa watu wengi wenye asili ya Kiafrika na Amerika ''Alpha Kappa Alpha'', na alijifunga katika ''The Seattle Times'' mnamo mwaka [[2006]], ''Miami Herald'' tena mwaka [[2007]],gazeti la [[Botswana]] mnamo mwaka [[2008]], na ''Washington Post'' mnamo mwaka [[2009]].<ref name="interview" /><ref name="interview2" /><ref name="nabj">{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://www.nabj.org/news/121380/NABJ-Awards-USA-Todays-Yamiche-Alcindor-Emerging-Journalist-of-the-Year.htm |date =5 April 2013 |access-date =17 March 2018 |last =Johnson |first =Tiane |title =NABJ Awards USA Today's Yamiche Alcindor, Emerging Journalist of the Year |website =[[National Association of Black Journalists]] }}</ref><ref name="resume"/> Alitamani kuwa mwandishi wa habari wa ''Haki za raia na kisiasa'', na alivutiwa na mwandishi wa habari wa Kiafrika na Amerika ''Gwen Ifill'' na kuripoti gazeti la kisasa lililomzunguka [[Emmett Till]].<ref name="interview"/> Mnamo mwaka [[2015]], Alcindor alipokea shahada ya uzamili katika habari za utangazaji na utengenezaji wa filamu katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[New York]].<ref name="PBS1" />
== Kazi ==
Kazi ya kwanza ya wakati wote ya Alcindor ilikuwa kama mwandishi wa habari katika ''Newsday'', gazeti lililoko Melville, New York.<ref name="interview"/> Aliajiriwa huko kwa miaka miwili akishughulikia pamoja na mambo mengine kama tetemeko la ardhi la [[Haiti]] la mwaka [[2010]], hadi alipokuwa mwandishi wa media wa ''USA Today'' iliyoko [[New York City]] mnamo [[Desemba]] mwaka [[2011]] alichukua nafasi ya habari za kitaifa.<ref name="resume"/><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/04/10/two-usa-today-reporters-draw-national-honors/2072575/ |title =Two USA TODAY reporters draw national honors |last =Anklam |first =Fred Jr. |access-date =17 March (2018) |website =[[USA Today]] |date =10 April 2013 }}</ref> Kwa gazeti, Alcindor aliripoti, pamoja na mambo mengine kama ''Sandy Hook Elementary School risasi'', kupigwa risasi kwa ''Trayvon Martin'', machafuko ya ''Ferguson'', na maandamano ya ''Baltimore'' mnamo mwaka [[2015]].<ref name="PBS1"/> Aliitwa Mwandishi wa Habari wa Mwaka na Chama cha Kitaifa cha Wanahabari Weusi mnamo mwaka [[2013]].<ref name="nabj"/> Mwaka huo huo, Alcindor alianza kuchangia (NBC) News na (MSNBC) kama mgeni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/michael-browns-mother-shocked--distraught-363252291962 |title =Michael Brown's mother shocked, distraught |website =[[MSNBC]] |access-date =4 March 2018 |date =25 November 2014 }}</ref> Mipango ambayo alionekana ni pamoja na ''Morning Joe'',''The Rachel Maddow Show'',''SiasaNation na Al Sharpton'', ''Hardball na Chris Matthews'', na ''Meet the Press''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =https://www.msnbc.com/morning-joe/watch/new-york-times-reports-on-congresswoman-who-calls-out-dc-for-harassment-1096458819797?v=b |title =NYT reports on rep. who calls out DC for harassment |website =MSNBC |access-date =4 March 2018 |date =15 November 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow/watch/gop-frantic-as-clinton-uses-trump-vulgarity-781778499692?v=b |title =GOP frantic as Clinton uses Trump vulgarity |website =MSNBC |access-date =4 March 2018 |date =8 October 2016 |archive-date =2018-03-17 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232406/https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow/watch/gop-frantic-as-clinton-uses-trump-vulgarity-781778499692?v=b |url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://www.msnbc.com/transcripts/politicsnation/2018/%7B%7Bpath.prefix%7D%7D/transcripts |website =MSNBC |access-date =17 March 2018 |title =PoliticsNation with Al Sharpton Transcripts |accessdate =2021-05-15 |archivedate =2018-11-08 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20181108030054/http://www.msnbc.com/transcripts/politicsnation/2018/%7B%7Bpath.prefix%7D%7D/transcripts }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://www.msnbc.com/transcripts/hardball/2017/1 |website =MSNBC |access-date =17 March 2018 |title =Hardball with Chris Matthews Transcripts |accessdate =2021-05-15 |archivedate =2019-11-03 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20191103041144/http://www.msnbc.com/transcripts/hardball/2017/1 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/yamiche-alcindor-clinton-s-lack-of-clarity-demonstrates-credibility-issues-739688515511 |title =Yamiche Alcindor: Clinton's Lack of Clarity Demonstrates Credibility Issues |date =7 August 2016 |access-date =17 March 2018 |website =[[NBC News]] }}</ref>
Aliondoka ''USA Today'' kwenda kufanya kazi kwenye ''The New York Times'' kama mwandishi wa kitaifa wa kisiasa mnamo [[Novemba]] mwaka [[2015]].<ref name="resume"/> Katika ''New York Times'', Alcindor alishughulikia kampeni za urais za ''Donald Trump'' mnamo mwaka [[2016]] na Kampeni ya urais wa ''Bernie Sanders'' mnamo mwaka [[2016]].<ref name="PBS1"/> Alitoa pia maandishi yaliyoitwa ''The Trouble with Innocence'' mwaka [[2015]] juu ya mtu ambaye alihukumiwa vibaya kwa mauaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://newsdocfilmfest.com/year-2015/the-trouble-with-innocence/ |title =THE TROUBLE WITH INNOCENCE |website =NYU News & Doc Film Festival |access-date =17 March 2018 }}</ref> Alcindor pia alionekana kwenye safu ya runinga ya mwaka [[2018]] ilijulikana kama ''The Fourth Estate'' kuhusu ''Times'' wafanyakazi wanaofunika siku (100) za kwanza za urais wa Trump.
Mnamo mwaka [[2016]], aliteuliwa kwenye Tuzo za ''Shorty 8'' katika kitengo cha Waandishi wa Habari.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://shortyawards.com/8th/influencer/nominees |date =19 January 2016 |title =8TH ANNUAL SHORTY AWARD INFLUENCER NOMINEES |website =[[Shorty Awards]] |access-date =17 March 2018 }}</ref> Mwaka uliofuata, Alcindor alishinda tuzo kwa kumshukuru mwandishi wa habari ''Gwen Ifill'', ambaye alikuwa amekufa mnamo [[Novemba]] mwaka [[2016]], katika Chuo Kikuu cha ''Syracuse'' na Tuzo ya ''Toner'' ya Ubora katika Kuripoti habari za Kisiasa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://newhouse.syr.edu/news-events/news/david-fahrenthold-washington-post-honored-toner-prize-excellence-political |work =[[Syracuse University]] |access-date =17 March 2018 |title =David Fahrenthold of The Washington Post honored with Toner Prize for Excellence in Political Reporting |last =Loughlin |first =Wendy S. |date =27 March 2017 }}</ref> Alcindor alikuwa namba (13) kwenye toleo la mwaka [[2017]] la ''The Root 100'', orodha ya kila mwaka na jarida la Wamarekani wenye ushawishi mkubwa kati ya miaka (25) hadi 45.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url =http://interactives.theroot.com/root-100-2017/ |website =[[The Root (magazine)|The Root]] |access-date =17 March 2018 |title =The Root 100 |archive-date =2019-11-13 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20191113110419/http://interactives.theroot.com/root-100-2017/ |url-status =dead }}</ref> Mnamo [[Januari]] mwaka [[2018]], aliitwa mwandishi wa Ikulu wa ''PBS NewsHour'', akichukua nafasi ya ''John Yang'' mwandishi wa habari, ambaye aliitwa mwandishi wa kitaifa wa ''NewsHour''.<ref name="PBS1"/> Katika nafasi hii Alcindor kwanza alishughulikia Urais wa ''Donald Trump''.<ref name="PBS1"/> Wakati wa msimu wa uchaguzi wa urais wa mwaka [[2020]] wa Amerika, alikuwa mmoja wa wasimamizi wa mjadala wa urais wa Chama cha Kidemokrasiakatika mjadala wa sita wa tarehe [[19 Disemba]] mwaka [[2019]].''Erik Wemple'' wa ''The Washington Post'' aliripoti Rais ''Donald Trump'' amemtukana Alcindor mara kwa mara kwenye mikutano ya waandishi wa Ikulu.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wemple|first=Erik|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/03/30/yamiche-alcindor-wants-an-answer-thank-you-very-much/|title=Yamiche Alcindor wants an answer, thank you very much|work=The Washington Post|date=March 30, 2020|access-date=June 5, 2020}}</ref> Alcindor alipokea Tuzo ya Aldo Beckman ya mwaka [[2020]] ya Ubora wa Ujumla katika Ufikiaji wa Ikulu kutoka kwa Chama cha Waandishi wa Ikulu.<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Award Winners|url=https://whca.press/award/2020-award-winners/ |website=White House Correspondents' Association |access-date=3 October 2020 }}</ref>
Mnamo [[Mei]] mwaka [[2021]], Alcindor alichaguliwa kama msimamizi mpya wa ''Washington Week''.
== Maisha binafsi ==
Alcindor ni Mmarekani kutoka [[Haiti]] na ana [[ufasaha]] katika [[Krioli]] [[Kihaiti|ya Haiti]].<ref name="interview2"/> Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Wanahabari Weusi.<ref name="interview"/> Mnamo mwaka [[2018]], aliolewa na mwandishi wa habari ''Nathaniel Cline''.<ref name="interview">{{Cite interview |url =http://www.klru.org/overheard/episode/yamiche-alcindor/ |last =Alcindor |first =Yamiche |interviewer =[[Evan Smith (journalist)|Evan Smith]] |date =28 January 2018 |title =Season 8 Episode 17: Yamiche Alcindor |publisher =[[KLRU]] |access-date =4 March 2018 |accessdate =2021-05-15 |archivedate =2018-03-17 |archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20180317232930/http://www.klru.org/overheard/episode/yamiche-alcindor/ }}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
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[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]]
[[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]]
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{{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 13 Julai 2021 (UTC)
==Kuhusu Uhariri==
Salamu Edward, hongera kwa kuanzisha makala katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, napenda kukumbusha kuwa hebu pitia makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Formby ni makala ambayo haipo katika muundo mzuri na inaonekana kuwepo dalili ya kutumia machine za kutafsiri katika makala hii, hivyo ni bora kuendelea kuboresha makala ulizoandika leo pamoja na kusoma namna ya kuanzisha makala kabla ya kuendelea na kuanzisha makalal mpya , Amani Sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 20:52, 27 Oktoba 2021 (UTC)
{{Zuia tafsiri}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 17:42, 29 Oktoba 2021 (UTC)
:kaka habari ningeomba radhi kwakutumiya maneno ya mtandao samahani kaka naomba niendelee na majadilliyano '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:11, 30 Oktoba 2021 (UTC)
:namba nifunguliwe kuhendeleya na makala '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:12, 30 Oktoba 2021 (UTC)
::Salamu sana!hongera kwa kuendelea kuhariri Umeomba kufunguliwa lakini bado unaendelea na mtindo ule ule wa mwanzo embu pitia makala zako vizuri kabla ujachapisha. amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 14:21, 26 Aprili 2022 (UTC)
==Kuhusu Zuio==
Salamu, tafadhali pitia katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphne_Courtney kuna dalili ya kutumika tafsiri ya kompyuta na pia maneno yamefanyiwa copy na kupaste moja kwa moja bila kwenda kufungua kurasa ya edit katika wikipedia ya kiingereza tafadhali tazama tena namna ya kuanzisha makala, pia typing error zinaonekana kuwa nyingi katika makala hiyo na makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daphney_Hlomuka ,Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 17:42, 29 Oktoba 2021 (UTC)
==Tafsiri==
Salamu, unaonekana bado unaendelea kuleta tafsiri ya Kompyuta katika makala unazoanzisha, mfano ni makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dany_Silva , pia makala hiyo katika Kiingereza ilikuwa na vyanzo lakini ulipoitafsiri haikuwa na chanzo hata kimoja, fanyia marekebisho kabla ya kuendelea na makala nyingine, Amani Sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 21:54, 23 Aprili 2022 (UTC)
:Pitia pia katika makala hii hapa https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_travadinha , kumbuka usilete makala nyingi zisofuata utaratibu wa uandishi, zingatia sana hilo Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 22:10, 23 Aprili 2022 (UTC)
==Vyanzo==
Katika makala zako unazotafsiri katika kiingereza zinakuwa na vyanzo lakini unapoleta katika Kiswahili unaondoa vyanzo hivyo, inaonekana kwamba unacopy maneno ya kiingereza bila kufungua kitufe cha EDIT,ili kuanzisha makala, nenda katika makala ya kiingereza na ufungue neno EDIT kisha copy maneno yaliyopo ndani ya makala hiyo na kisha uje kupaste katika makala unayotaka kuanzisha,alama zinazoanziwa na "na kumalizika na" ndani yake ndipo kuna vyanzo,usifute wala kubadili kitu,Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 25 Aprili 2022 (UTC)
==Makosa kujirudia bado==
Ndugu, uwe makini zaidi. Unatunga kurasa ambazo zipo tayari (kwa sababu hutafsiri musician kuwa mwanamuziki), unaweka jamii zenye makosa, kama vile: Watu wanaoishi badala ya Watu walio hai, unatumia vyanzo vya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza n.k. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:20, 3 Mei 2022 (UTC)
:Kwa kuwa unazidi kutumia tanbihi za en.wikipedia nakusimamisha kwa siku moja. Pole. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 4 Mei 2022 (UTC)
::Ndugu, mbona husikii? Unataka nikuzuie tena? Sasa futa mwenyewe tanbihi zote za en.wikipedia katika makala zako za sw.wikipedia. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:38, 15 Mei 2022 (UTC)
:Naona ndugu umekua mgumu kusikia maelekezo, sasa utapewa likizo mpaka hapa utakapo jirekebisha. -- '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])'''
:Habari ndugu Naomba radhi sana nitafanya maboresho katika makala zangu nilizofanya Tafadhali naomba kufunguliwa. -- '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]]([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele|majadiliaano]])'''11:26 16 september 2022 (UTC)
:: Embu tizama mtiririko huu wa maonyo kisha jitathimini. Tutakuwa tunakuangalia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])'''
::habari kaka najaribu kuwariri makala najibiwa nimefungiwa mpaka sikuyakesho bado sijatambuwa tatizo ni nini mpaka sasa ningeomba usaidizi kwailo.--''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele|majadiliano]])'''
::Ip 220.33.194, #2373.--''[[mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele|majadiliano]])'''
:::Nakusimamisha tena siku moja. Angalia ubovu wa ukurasa wako wa mwisho. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 27 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
::::Karibu tena. Ukurasa juu ya [[Samuel N. Alexander]] si mbaya, lakini angalia nilivyousahihisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:37, 29 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
:::::Asante. kwarekebisho, Amani kwako! --Edward ambele (majadiliano)2:13, 29 septemba 20222 (UTC) [reply] '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:14, 29 Septemba 2022 (UTC)
== Unazuiwa ==
{{Zuia tafsiri}}
'''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 19:35, 19 Oktoba 2022 (UTC)
:Habari naomba radhi kwakuleta makala zisizo sahihi kuna maneno ambayo yalinishinda nikatumiya tafsiri naomba kuwa mwalimu wawengine kiuhusu hili bilashaka utapokeya ombilangu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:13, 20 Oktoba 2022 (UTC)
:Ip 197.250.230.107 uzuio # 2408 '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:16, 20 Oktoba 2022 (UTC)
:Naomba radhi nitafanya vema katika kazi zangu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:17, 20 Oktoba 2022 (UTC)
:Habari ndugu kipala
:Nimerudi tena azabu niliyopewa nimejifunza namakosa yote niliyofanya nitayafanyia kazi kwa umakini mkubwa namba radhi kwamakosa haya nitakuwa mtihifu kwanziya sasa natumaini ombilangu litapokewa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 23 Desemba 2022 (UTC)
:Tafathali ndugu kipala naomba kupewa nafasi nyingine IP ni 197.186.1.168 kitambulisho cha kuzuia ni # 2408
{{zuia tafsiri}} Ndugu umerudia kuleta matini ulizonakili kutoka tafsiri ya kompyuta kwenye makala [[Conserving Carolina]]. Ulisahihisha kidogo sana lakini uliacha Kiswahili kibaya na kuunda kazi kwa wengine. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 22 Mei 2023 (UTC)
:Salami ndugu kipala Makala ambazo nilijaribu kuhariri zilikuwa zawatu nilizo pitia nilijaribu kusahihisha bahazi naomba kupewa nafasi ya kupitia na kufanya maboresho. '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:49, 22 Mei 2023 (UTC)
:Ndugu habari katika makala nilizo pitia zilikuwa za Watu walio fanya Kazi lakini zilikuwa namakosa naomba kufunguliwa Ili kufanya maboresho.@[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:25, 4 Juni 2023 (UTC)
:Habari kipala niliacha ujumbe kuhusu kufunguliwa naomba kupewa nafasi kuboresha Makala nilizo kosea. @[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] (majadiliano) '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:12, 20 Juni 2023 (UTC)
==Masanduku na picha==
Ndugu, unapoweka sanduku la mtu katika makala, angalia kusiwe na picha pacha: moja ndani, nyingine nje ya sanduku. Ikiwemo ndani, uondoe ile ya nje. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:51, 2 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
:Salamu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nimelirekebisha hilo Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:06, 2 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
::Ndugu, badala ya sanduku la watu wa kawaida, kuna <nowiki>[[Kigezo:Mtakatifu]]</nowiki> kwa watu wanaoheshimiwa hivyo kama wale wa mwisho uliowawekea sanduku leo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 5 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
:::Salamu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nitafanya marekebisho Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:43, 5 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
::salamu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccioni|Rikado]] Naomba msaada wakupa Kigezo cha watakatifu.
:::Unavyoona, namna hiyo sanduku halisaidii, kwa maana linakuwa fremu ya picha tu. Kwanza mistari haijatafsiriwa kwa Kiswahili, halafu inatokea tu: Feast. Ingebidi kujaza taarifa sahihi kutokana na makala yenyewe, kwa mfano tarehe ya sikukuu ya mtakatifu husika. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:26, 28 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
:::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]]sawa nitafanya ivo kwamaelekezo sahhi amani sana! [[Maalum:Michango/197.250.63.196|197.250.63.196]] 15:01, 28 Septemba 2023 (UTC)
== Vyanzo, marejeo, lugha, kiungo ==
Habari ndugu,
hongera kwa kuanzisha makala na kuchangia vyema, naona bado unaanzisha makala bila kufata muongozo wa kuanzisha makala ulio bora mfano wa makala [[Prudencia Paul Kimiti]] makala hii hujaweka vyanzo, marejeo, ujaweka kiungo kuonyesha kama ipo kwenye lugha nyingine . Nitafuraishwa kama utairekebisha, Amani kwako!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 01:36, 11 Oktoba 2023 (UTC)
:Kabisa. Inaonekana hujaweza kumudu vizuri lugha yetu. Namna hii usiendelee kuhariri makala. Unatupa kazi kubwa mno kurekebisha. Amina kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:14, 11 Oktoba 2023 (UTC)
:Habari nitafanya mabadiliko ya makosa yaliyo kuwepo lengo kuu kuku kiswahili Bora,Amani kwako!!@[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:29, 11 Oktoba 2023 (UTC)
== Kurudia kuandika makala ==
Habari ndugu , hongera kwa kutoa mchango wako , lakini naona makala unazoanzisha tayari zimeshaandikwa tafadhali kuwa makini na makala unazo anzisha mfano lama language kwa kiswahili ni [[Kilama]] na makala tayari imeshaandikwa
Ukiwa una fanya tafsiri ya makala kutoka kingereza kwenda kiswahili hakikisha unaandalia kiungo cha lugha upande wa kushoto utakuta kuna lugha nyingi zimeandikwa pale ukiona lugha ya kiswahili hiyo makala inaonyesha hata kwenye kiswahili ipo Amani kwako!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 12:47, 6 Machi 2024 (UTC)
:Amani sana nitakuwa mwangalifu kwahilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:05, 6 Machi 2024 (UTC)
:Mbona unaendelea? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:25, 7 Machi 2024 (UTC)
:Hujambo katika fungio la jenifa limekumba tatizo kwenye akanti yangu niliomba kufunguliwa kwasababu alikuwa mwariri mpya naomba afunguliwe ili niweze fanya kazi tena nakumpa elimu ya kuhusu kuwariri kiswahili fasaa Amani sana --''' [[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuari Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:35, 9 Machi 2024 (UTC)
:habari @[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] najaribu kuweka marejeo lakini nashindwa kuweka vema je! nitumie njia gani kaka '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:12, 23 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
::Kuweka marejeo ni vile vile kama mwanzo nimejaribu kurekebisha makala zako zote hapo na unaweza kwenda kwenye mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni na kuangalia nilichobadilisha kwa kubonyeza "tofaut" amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 18:19, 23 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
:::sawa Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:27, 23 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
==Mbegu==
Ndugu, tafadhali usiweke mbegu ovyo! Mtu si filamu, si michezo, si sheria, ni mtu, hivyo weka <nowiki>{{mbegu-mtu}}</nowiki> au <nowiki>{{mbegu-igiza-filamu}}</nowiki> au <nowiki>{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}</nowiki> n.k. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:37, 26 Machi 2024 (UTC)
:Naomba radhi sana kwakosahilo nitaweka sawa wakati mwingine Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 26 Machi 2024 (UTC)
::Mbona unaendelea kuweka kigezo cha mbegu-michezo kwa mtu ambaye ni mwanamichezo lakini si mchezo? Unanipa kazi ya kurekebisha makala zako zote! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:44, 27 Machi 2024 (UTC)
== Ukumbusho kuhusu kupiga kura sasa ili kuchagua washiriki wa U4C ya awamu ya kwanza ==
<section begin="announcement-content" />
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Unaweza kupata ujumbe huu ukiwa umetafsiriwa katika lugha za ziada kwenye Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Ndugu Mwanawikimedia,
Unapokea ujumbe huu kwa sababu hapo kabla uliwahi kushiriki katika mchakato wa UCoC.
Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura.
Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]].
Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki.
Kwa niaba ya timu ya mradi wa UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" />
[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 22:54, 2 Mei 2024 (UTC)
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== Maelekezo Ya Muhimu Ya Kuzingatia Kuboresha Makala Zako ==
Habari, ndugu hongera sana kwa kuchangia vyema kila mara naomba nikupe maelekezo ya baadhi ya vitu unavyo kosea nabado hutaki kujirekebisha naomba nikuelekeze tena kabla sijakuzui
# Unapoandika makala kuhusu mada fulani au vitu fulani lazima ufanye utafiti wa jamii zake ni zipi , misamiati yake inatumikaje, kama ni michezo lazima ujue timu ni ipi na ligi ni ipi
# kama ni michezo kuna jamii za michezo angalia hapa [[:Jamii:Wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|Jamii michezo nchi kwa nchi]]
# Unapoandika neno kiungo lazima uweke kiungo cha ndani kuonyesha ni kiungo gani mfano kwa mchezaji kiungo unaweka hivi - [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]]
# Unapoandika tarehe nivyema kuweka kiungo cha ndani mfano : mei 14, 2005 unaweka hivi - [[14 Mei|mei 14]], [[2005]]
# Kwenye marejeo unayoweka unayatoa kwenye wikipidia ya kingereza yanakuja na lugha ambazo zinaleta jamii nyekundu angalia <nowiki><ref> yako na uondoe sehem yenye (language=fr)</nowiki>
# Weka viungo vya lugha nyingine ili kusaidia watumiaji kupata makala kwa lugha zingine
# Angalia marekebisho anayofanya ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] kwenye makala zako na ufuate utajifunza vingi.
# Hakikisha unaonyesha '''Hakikisho la mabadiliko kabla ya kuchapisha'''
'''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 17:57, 7 Mei 2024 (UTC)
:sawa nitafana ivo Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:06, 7 Mei 2024 (UTC)
==Kurudi nyuma==
Ndugu, makala zako za mwisho zinaonyesha kurudi nyuma kwa ubora. Tafadhali, legeza mwendo, fupisha makala na jitahidi kutafsiri vizuri zaidi. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:23, 16 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:Amani sana @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:24, 16 Juni 2024 (UTC)
::Nimekuzuia kwa muda mfupi ili upate nafasi ya kuangalia nilivyosahihisha makala zako za leo, kwa sababu unarudiarudia makosa yaleyale... --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:49, 16 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:::Salamu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nimepitia makosa yangu naomba Radhi unifungulie niendelee na marekebisho Amani! '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 16 Juni 2024 (UTC)
== Kigezo BD ==
Ndugu, nikupe elimu kidogo. Kigezo BD kinataja mambo mambo matatu kwa wakati mmoja. Ndani yake kina jamii ya kuzaliwa na kufa. Pia kinataja kama uko hai au la. Ukiandika BD|1967}} basi huyo mtu ni hai hivyo kigezo kitataja WALIOZALIWA 1967, WATU WALIO HAI. Ukiandika BD|1967|2024}} maana yake huyo mtu alizaliwa 67-24 hivyo itaunga jamii automatic ya waliofariki 2024. Ulichotakiwa kuongeza ni kigezo cha mbegu tu. Hukuona jamii ya waliozaliwa chini? Niulize lolote nitakufahamisha. Nipo kwa ajili yako. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''</sub></font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]] 05:55, 20 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:Salamu bwana @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb Blast Producer|Muddyb Blast Producer]] nimejifunza kitu kwako Amani sana! '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:01, 20 Juni 2024 (UTC)
==Umakinifu==
Ndugu, unafanya makosa mbalimbali ya uzembe tu. Legeza mwendo, tafadhali, ili makala zako zisihitaji masahihisho mengi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 24 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:Salamu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]]<nowiki/>naomba nifanyie kazi hili Amanisana!--@[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:22, 24 Juni 2024 (UTC)
::Ndugu, usianzishe kurasa zenye istilahi ngumungumu kama za sayansi: zinakushinda. Afadhali zile rahisi zinazofanana, kama za wachezaji au za miji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 20 Julai 2024 (UTC)
== Stop creating user pages against the wishes of editors ==
This is vandalism. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 06:37, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:Am I wrong to welcome people or is there a part I am doing wrong; I ask for an explanation '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:42, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::You are creating pages for people who have no interest in having one. This is vandalism. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:::The message is a bit vague. What do you mean by saying pages? Looks like he was adding a welcome tag to your talk page. [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 07:13, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:::I think I know what's problem here. Well, it's not a problem to welcome newbies. I can do the same. It's just a welcome tag. No hard feelings. Karibu sana! [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 07:15, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::It is spam. I have > 8000 edits on the English wiki with 3 GA. Please remove my entry from this wiki, I never put it here. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:::::Then I should perhaps delete the user page? Any fair suggestion? [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 07:35, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::::Yes, delete on this wiki please. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 07:41, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:::::::Ndugu Edward, pamoja na juhudi zako za kukuza Wikipedia yetu unaona lawama hizo. Labda hata watumiaji wengi wa Wikipedia za lugha nyingine walitushangaa bila kulalamika. Mimi niliona unakaribisha watu wengi, ila nilifikiri ni wale ambao marehemu Kipala alisema walijiandikisha kwetu miaka iliyopita wasitumiwe maelekezo. Kumbe umeparamia Wikipedia ya Kiingereza na watumiaji wake! Lebo ya karibu ni kwa wale tu waliojisajili katika lugha yetu. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:29, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::::::In fact @[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] may not be fully at fault here. He should have checked that the users were active first, but the real issue is why all these accounts got created. There are clearly many which were created on July 23rd for, it seems, no good reason. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 13:46, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::::::Hello Ndugu Riccardo, nimejaribu kufuatili tena kuona kwanini imetokea, baadhi ya watumiaji wa Wikipedia ya KIswahili, wanatumia ukurasa huu wa [[Kumbukumbu za kuanzisha akaunti za watumiaji]] kwa ajili ya kuangalia watumiaji wapya waliojiunga, na huo ukurasa huwa unaleta taarifa tofauti tofauti, mfano taarifa ta mtumiaji Ldm1954 ,inaonyesha ni account iliyoanzishwa na mashine mnamo tarehe 23 Julai 2024, inawezekana ndio sababu kubwa akawa ametumiwa ujumbe wa kukaribishwa.
::::::::Ukurasa unaonyesha majina ya watumiaji wengi wapya waliojiunga,hebu jaribu kutazam tena na wewe ,Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 13:50, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::Who is "the machine"? I never requested this, almost certainly the others '''did not''' join. Someone did a crowdstrike update. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 13:54, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::::::::I dont know,but lets try to check how is happen in Swahili Wikipedia,if you have an idea, we can know how to solve it '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 14:00, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::::::::Addendum. What has happened is that accounts/pages from Wikipedia have been copied to the swwiki, see [[:sw:Mtumiaji:Muhammed amine benloulou]], and similar on the list.
::::::::::"What you see on this page was [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:GlobalUserPage|copied]] from [[User:Muhammed amine benloulou|https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Muhammed_amine_benloulou]]"
::::::::::Either someone released a bit on wikimedia to do this or on swwiki. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 12:23, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::::Global userpages do not cause account creations and they are only displayed if a local account already exists. For example, [[:meta:User:Muhammed amine benloulou]] is not displayed at [[:da:User:Muhammed amine benloulou]]. [[:mw:Help:Import]] is an unrelated feature which can cause account creation but according to [[Special:Logs/import]], this wiki doesn't use it. I found a likely explanation [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Teahouse&diff=prev&oldid=1236573387] for Ldm1954 clicking a link to this wiki without knowing the language. This would have created the account. '''[[Mtumiaji:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:PrimeHunter|majadiliano]])''' 12:44, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::::::sawa nimeweza kupata kitu natakuwa makini kwahilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Edward ambele|Edward ambele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Edward ambele#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:09, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:::::::Hello Ldm1985,
:::::::I noticed that there are many new users on Swahili Wikipedia, as seen on this page: [New Users on Swahili Wikipedia](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu/newusers).
:::::::ALso,there are a lot of notifications of new users users who have recently joined.maybe other users do while they do not understand well what to do
:::::::We will look into these challenges and discuss how to properly welcome them,thanks for your information, we got something, '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 13:58, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::::::::'''NO'''. As mentioned above someone or some software has added these users without their permission. Some of these accounts have been globally blocked, so this (my speculation) could be wider vandalism. I have posted to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:EPIC#Odd_account_creations here] for <b>[[User:EPIC|<span style="color:blue">EPIC</span>]] ([[User talk:EPIC|<span style="color:green">talk</span>]])</b> who it appears has been handling some of those blocks, so may have more expertise.
::::::::N.B., I have not looked at other Wikis to see if this is just local or global. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ldm1954|majadiliano]])''' 14:07, 24 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:This wiki gets around 20 new accounts daily.[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu/newusers&type=newusers&user=&offset=&limit=500] The 23 July accounts were spread out over the day as usual and I see nothing special here. However, it annoys a lot of users to get welcome messages from wikis they have never edited and don't recall visiting. We get many complaints and concerned questions about it at the English Wikipedia. I have a proposal to disallow it at [[:meta:Welcoming policy]]. It hasn't received much attention but everybody I have seen comment on the issue there and elsewhere dislike such welcome messages. '''[[Mtumiaji:PrimeHunter|PrimeHunter]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:PrimeHunter|majadiliano]])''' 11:27, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::As I support the general notion, I think we, as a community, should come to an agreement to address the user in question. I have been editing for a very long time, but I have never sent any welcome messages to random people, especially those who do not contribute anything to our wiki [[User:Muddybr|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 12:52, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC)
==Kupitia masahihisho==
Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako. Maendeleo yapo, ila naomba upitie mabadiliko ya makala zako kwa sababu unarudiarudia makosa yaleyale nami nalazimika kurudiarudia masahihisho yaleyale. Ningekuwa na muda zaidi ningeboresha zaidi lakini naishia kufanya yaliyo muhimu zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:05, 17 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
:Nakuomba tena: legeza mwendo, angalia masahihisho. Kwa mfano, mwanariadha wa Ufaransa bila shaka ni mtu wa Ufaransa. Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa inakusanya makundi mbalimbali ya Wafaransa (wachezaji, waigizaji, wanasiasa n.k.). Usiweke jamii hiyo itakayojaza tu ukurasa huo mpana. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:50, 19 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
==[[Futiboli ya Marekani]]==
Ndugu, huo mchezo ni tofauti sana na soka. Usiichanganye. Asante sana na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:09, 3 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
==LGBT==
Ndugu, sidhani wewe unashabikia ushoga. Basi, ya nini kuwatungia makala watu walioupenda na kuueneza? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 4 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
:Sawa niacha maana huwa nahariri kutoakana namakala husika @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:08, 4 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
::Unapoona makala ilivyo, si lazima uitafsiri. Mbona tunakosa bado makala nyingi muhimu? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 8 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
:::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Naomba radhi kwahilo nitaangalia ambazo nisahihi Amani kwakao! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:15, 8 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
== Kufungiwa kutokana na Maboresho ==
Hababri @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] naomba kufunguliwa kutoka na kufanya marekebosho ya @[[Mtumiaji:Mike dani|Mike dani]] nimekuta nimeblokiwa naomba radhi kwahili Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:21, 14 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
:@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Naomba Radhi umenifungia kutokana na makosa ya @[[Mtumiaji:Mike dani|Mike dani]] nilikuwa nafanya marekebisho ya kuweka makala safi Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:26, 14 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
::Ndugu, sijakuelewa: nimezuia Mike dani, si wewe. Au unatumia akaunti hiyo pia? Nadhani kwanza ulikuwa Edward ambele. Vipi? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:27, 15 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
:::ndio nilibadilisha jina kutokana na namfanano wa jina langu na mtumiaji mwingine kwasasa natumia @[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] hilindo jina langu halisi '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:35, 15 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
::::Pia namwombea msaama @[[Mtumiaji:Mike dani|Mike dani]] kwasasa niko nae karibu kwakumwelewesha makosa anayo fanya Amanikwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:42, 15 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
:::::Kwa hiyo wewe si Mike dani: sasa nimekuzuia vipi? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:48, 15 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
::::::Ni mwariri mpya alikosea kwakukosa kufanya vema kama mwariri wakujitolea nilimfundisha lakini ajafanya vema maana naomba Radhi kwake ili nimpe darasa kwakufanya kazi vema Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:38, 15 Novemba 2024 (UTC)
==Kupitia masahihisho==
:Ndugu, bado hujapata desturi ya kupitia masahihisho yetu ili usirudie makosa yaleyale na kusababisha tupoteze muda mwingi. Tafadhali, angalia. Kwa mfano, mwanzoni mwa makala ndani ya mabano tunaweka taarifa fupi tu kuhusu kuzaliwa na kufariki. Kama mtu hajafariki, tunaandika "amezaliwa", lakini kama amekufa, inaeleweka kuwa tarehe ya kwanza ni ya kuzaliwa na ya pili na ya kufariki. Pia katika haraka, uliandika makala za watu ambazo zilikuwepo tayari kwa jina tofauti kidogo. Pamoja na hayo, hongera kwa juhudi zako! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:05, 2 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
::Yaleyale. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 3 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:::Mbona hujifunzi baada ya mamia ya masahihisho yangu? Ni kama unafanya makusudi kunipotezea muda...
Pia uelewe kigezo <nowiki>{{BD}}</nowiki>. Ni hivi: <nowiki>{{BD|Mwaka wa kuzaliwa, yaani, 1958|usiweke kitu - ila kama mtu kafa weka mwaka aliokufa, yaani, 2009}}</nowiki>
Chumba cha kwanza mwaka wa kuzaliwa tu
Chumba cha pili mwaka aliokufa
ANGALIZO
Usiweke jamii yoyote kama vile: "waliozaliwa", "waliofariki", na "watu walio hai". Ukiweka <nowiki>{{BD|1950|}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "watu walio hai".
<nowiki>{{BD|1950|2012}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "waliofariki 2012".
Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:31, 5 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:Habari Naomba radhi kwahili nitarekebisha kwahilo ataivyo sikuwa na uwelewa kuhusu hilo nitakuwa makini Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 5 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
== Kuwandika makala ya English pasipo sehemu sahihi sahiji ==
== ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Nyembu Mzere|Nyembu Mzere]] unaandika makala ya kingereza nauna kabisa siosehemu sahihi ebu angalia wenzako tunachofanya nawewe uwige mfano huu nivema usahihishe kabla ujafungiwa ukurasa wako Amani kwako! ==
'''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 31 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
==Makala Fupi==
Salamu,baadhi ya makala zako unazoanzisha ni fupi mfumo,nyingine ina mstari mmoja tu ambao hata haujatimia,hali ya kuwa wakati ukitoa katika WIkipedia ya Kiingereza makala ilikuwa refu,kabla ya kuendelea kuongeza makala za aina hiyo, ni vyema kuboresha kwanza makala ulizoanzisha,ukiendelea kuweka makala fupi za aina hii,itabidi kukufungia hadi mwisho wa hiyo program ya kushindana kuandika, Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 20:26, 11 Februari 2025 (UTC)
:sawa nitafanya ivo kaka '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:44, 11 Februari 2025 (UTC)
== Tafsiri makala kwa usahihi ==
Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] embu angalieni makala ya [[Bryony van Velzen]] inakuaje muhusika ni mwendesha baiskeli nyie mmeandika mwanasheria? tafadhali acheni kutafsiri kwa computer na ata kama unafanya ivyo embu soma na kubadilisha kiswahili kiwe fasaha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 14:26, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:hii makala kwa mimi nmeipitia kitu nilichoongeza pekeake ni hii sehem "Angalia pia" ila mbona ipo sawa mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|majadiliano]])''' 14:32, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::uyo mtu ni mwanasheria? embu soma kwenye kingereza? '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 17:53, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:::nmeirejelea apa yote mkuu nmeona kweli kuna marekebisho yakufanya, sehem nlio ongezea ilkua kdoogo maan makala ni fupi ata katika lugha ya English, ila hakuna shida ntaifanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|majadiliano]])''' 18:55, 12 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
==Elinipa Mshana==
Ndugu, kwa nini umefuta mara mbili maandishi yote ya makala hiyo bila kutoa maelezo? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:48, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC)
:Salamau Kwako @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Mtu huyu alinifata katika mtandao wangu wakijamii nakuomba nifute andiko lake hakuwa na sababu yamsingi Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:11, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC)
::Ndugu, apende asipende kama ni mtu maarufu kweli hawezi kutuzuia kuandika juu yake. Kama unakubali kwamba si mtu maarufu, nitafuta ukurasa, si kuuacha tupu. Lakini siku nyingine usiandike makala kupendeza marafiki! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:53, 13 Januari 2026 (UTC)
:::Naomba Radhi kwahilo Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Nikweli sio Mtu Maharufu '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:46, 13 Januari 2026 (UTC)
== Makala zenye Deadlinks ==
Habari @[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] Hongera kwa michango unayofanya! Kwenye makala baadhi kama [[Carmen Solomons]] umeweka deadlink, hii sio sawa na ninajua kwa uzoefu wako hili unalifahamu tafadhali kama unatafsiri kutoka makala ya kingereza lakini unakutana na hizi deadlinks fanya kuzibadilisha kwa kutafuta link (viungo) vilivyohai.
Asante sana '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 06:44, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC)
:Kitu kingine pia kwenye uwekaji wa jamii, naona makala nyingi unazoandika ni za wanamitindo wa Afrika Kusini. Kwenye jamii unaweka jamii pana sana ya Watu wa Afrika Kusini, nafikiri ni vyema zaidi kama ukiweka jamii ya Wanamitindo wa Afrika Kusini ambayo hii jamii ni kijamii ndani ya jamii ya WAtu wa Afrika Kusini.
:Amani kwako, '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 06:48, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC)
::Kitu kingine umeanzisha makala ya [[Demi-Leigh Tebow]] lakini makala hii tayari ilikuwepo ambayo ni hii [[Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters]]. Ni vyema kabla hujatafsiri kutoka lugha ya kingereza kuangalia sehemu ya lugha zingine ili kujua kama tayari makala hii imeshaandikwa kwa kiswahili. Hivyo basi nitaomba uboreshe makala mojawapo kati ya hizo halafu unambie, nifute mojawapo.
::Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 06:59, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC)
:::habari ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] kwanza naomba radhi sana nitafanya maboresho hayo haraka sana Amani sana! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:37, 21 Januari 2026 (UTC)
== Makala bila Vyanzo ==
Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|<bdi>Valuegirl</bdi>]] Hongera kwakuanzisha makala mpya lakini naona makala zako azina vyanzo ebu nenda pole pole pia nivema kupitia makla zako kabla uja save Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:21, 27 Machi 2026 (UTC)
:pitia makala hi ya (Elizabeth Klarer) na uwakikishe kurekebisha vema '''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:24, 27 Machi 2026 (UTC)
::ahsante sana ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] nimepokea huu ushauri na notaufanyia kazi [[Maalum:Michango/~2026-18921-50|~2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2026-18921-50|talk]]) 08:51, 27 Machi 2026 (UTC)
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Wakhazari
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[[Picha:Khazar Empire.jpg|thumb|350x350px|Milki ya Wakhazari mnamo 650 - 850]]
'''Wakhazari''' ''(kwa [[Kiing.]] Khazars)'' walikuwa [[kabila]] la [[Ufugaji|wafugaji]] wa [[Waturuki|Kituruki]] lililofika katika maeneo ya [[Urusi]] ya kusini, upande wa kaskazini mwa [[Kaukazi|Milima ya Kaukazi]] kati ya [[Bahari Nyeusi]] na [[Bahari ya Kaspi|Ziwa la Kaspi]] mnamo [[Karne ya 6|karne ya 6 BK]].
Hapa walianza kutawala [[Dola|milki]] kubwa iliyounganisha makabila na [[Taifa|mataifa]] mbalimbali<ref>[https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=3ZzXjdyK-CEC&pg=PA75&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Erdal, Marcel (2007). "The Khazar Language". In Golden, Peter B.; Ben-Shammai, Haggai; Róna-Tas, András (eds.). The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies. 17. BRILL. pp. 75–108. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-04-16042-2</nowiki>.</ref>. Ilhali walidhibiti sehemu ya [[barabara ya hariri]] walishiriki katika [[biashara]] ya kimataifa kati ya [[Ulaya]], Urusi, [[Mashariki ya Kati]] na [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]] wakatajirika<ref>Golden, Peter Benjamin (2006). "The Khazar Sacral Kingship". In Reyerson, Kathryn Von; Stavrou, Theofanis George; Tracy, James Donald (eds.). Pre-modern Russia and its world: Essays in Honour of Thomas S. Noonan. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 79–102. <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-447-05425-6</nowiki>.</ref>. Kwa takriban [[karne]] tatu ([[650]]–[[965]] hivi) Wakhazari walitawala milki yao wakipakana na [[Ufalme wa Byzanti|Bizanti]] kwenye kusini-magharibi, Urusi kwenye magharibi na kaskazini, [[Ukhalifa wa Waabassi|Ukhalifa wa Waarabu]] kwenye kusini na makabila ya porini kwenye mashariki.
Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1000]] milki yao iliporomoka kutokana na mashambulio kutoka Milki ya Urusi. Hakuna uhakika kuhusu mwisho wao lakini inawezekana maeneo madogo yaliendelea kuwa chini ya [[utawala]] wa Kikhazari hadi [[karne ya 12]].
Milki ya Khazaria ilishirikiana mwanzoni na Bizanti dhidi ya [[Milki ya Wasasani]] ya [[Uajemi|Iran]] na baadaye dhidi ya [[Waarabu]] na wahamiaji wa pori.
Mnamo mwaka [[800]] [[Mfalme|wafalme]] wa Khazaria waligeukia [[Uyahudi]]; [[Mtaalamu|wataalamu]] kadhaa wanaamini kwamba waliona wanadharauliwa na [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] na pia [[Uislamu|Waislamu]] wakiendelea kufuata [[dini za jadi|dini zao za jadi]], na kuwa Uyahudi unatambuliwa na pande zote mbili kwa namna fulani na hivyo waliweza kutunza [[uhuru]] wao bila kujiunga kabisa na upande mmoja. Inajulikana kwamba wafalme na wakubwa walikuwa Wayahudi lakini hakuna uhakika kiasi gani cha wakazi wa milki walijiunga pia na Uyahudi<ref>Golden, Peter Benjamin (2007b). "The Conversion of the Khazars to Judaism". In Golden, Peter B.; Ben-Shammai, Haggai; Róna-Tas, András (eds.). The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives. Handbook of Oriental Studies. 17. BRILL. pp. 123–161. <nowiki>ISBN 978-90-04-16042-2</nowiki>.</ref>.
Haijulikani Wakhazari walienda wapi au waliingia katika makabila gani baada ya mwisho wa milki yao. Maana hawako tena na kuna [[nadharia]] mbalimbali kwamba waliendelea kwa majina tofauti katika [[kundi]] hilo au lingine lakini hakuna uhakika.
== Tanbihi ==
{{Marejeo}}
== Kujisomea ==
*{{cite book| title = The Genealogical Science: The Search for Jewish Origins and the Politics of Epistemology
| last = Abu El-Haj | first = Nadia | year = 2012
| author-link = Nadia Abu El-Haj
| publisher = University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago, IL
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8DDXi4kWW4cC&pg=26
| isbn = 978-0-226-20142-9
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = Asia, Africa and the Trade of Medieval Europe
| last = Abulafia | first = David | year = 1987
| author-link = David Abulafia
| orig-year = First published 1952
| title = The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages
| editor1-last = Postan | editor1-first = Michael Moïssey | editor1-link = Michael Postan
| editor2-last = Habakkuk | editor2-first = H.J. | editor2-link = John Habakkuk
| editor3-last = Miller | editor3-first = Edward | editor3-link = Edward Miller (historian)
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| volume = 2 | pages = 402–473
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cHRvtwTLcMAC&pg=PA421
| isbn = 978-0-521-08709-4
}}
*{{cite book| title = Geheimbericht aus der Grossen Steppe. Die Wahrheit über das Reich der Russen
| last = Altschüler | first = Boris | year = 1994
| publisher = Altschüler | location = Saarbrücken
| language = de
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=G2DZAQAACAAJ&q=Altsch%C3%BCler%2BGeheimbericht+auf+der+Grossen+Steppe
| isbn = 978-3-9803917-0-2
}}
*{{cite journal
| title = A Khotanese text concerning the Turks in Kanṭṣou
| last = Bailey
| first = H.W.
| journal = [[Asia Major (journal)|Asia Major]]
| year = 1949
| pages = 28–52
| series = New Series 1.1
| url = https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1335WFtDneU.pdf
| access-date = 2021-12-23
| archive-date = 2021-01-26
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126063237/https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1335WFtDneU.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite journal
| title = The Staël-Holstein Miscellany
| last = Bailey
| first = H.W.
| journal = [[Asia Major (journal)|Asia Major]]
| year = 1951
| pages = 1–45
| series = New Series 2.1
| url = https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1355ixUQunJ.pdf
| access-date = 2021-12-23
| archive-date = 2021-01-26
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210126060310/https://www2.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/file/1355ixUQunJ.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book| title = Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement
| last = Barkun | first = Michael | year = 1997
| author-link = Michael Barkun
| publisher = UNC Press
| url = https://archive.org/details/religionracistri0000bark | url-access = registration | via = [[Internet Archive]]
| page = [https://archive.org/details/religionracistri0000bark/page/141 141]
| isbn = 978-0-8078-4638-4
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = Anti-Semitism from Outer Space: The Protocols in the UFO Subculture
| last = Barkun | first = Michael | year = 2012
| author-link = Michael Barkun
| title = The Paranoid Apocalypse: A Hundred-year Retrospective on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
| editor1-last = Landes | editor1-first = Richard Allen | editor1-link = Richard Landes
| editor2-last = Katz | editor2-first = Steven T. | editor2-link = Steven T. Katz
| publisher = NYU Press
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DV1S9dpW2aQC&pg=PA163
| pages = 163–171
| isbn = 978-0-8147-4945-6
}}
*{{cite book| title = A Social and Religious History of the Jews
| last = Baron | first = Salo Wittmayer | year = 1957
| author-link = Salo Wittmayer Baron
| publisher = Columbia University Press
| volume = 3
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tPwuH_KLAScC
}}
*{{cite book| title = The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade
| last = Bauer | first = Susan Wise | year = 2010
| author-link = Susan Wise Bauer
| publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = New York, NY
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1u2oP2RihIgC&pg=PA341
| isbn = 978-0-393-07817-6
}}
*{{cite book| title = Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
| last = Beckwith | first = Christopher I. | year = 2011
| author-link = Christopher I. Beckwith
| orig-year = First published 2009
| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]] | location = Princeton, NJ
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5jG1eHe3y4EC&pg=PA149
| isbn = 978-0-691-15034-5
}}
*{{cite book| title = Jewish Communities in Exotic Places
| last = Blady | first = Ken | year = 2000
| publisher = [[Rowman & Littlefield]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yY0KQUVXw2MC&pg=PA124
| isbn = 978-0-765-76112-5
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Memoirs of an Obscure Professor: And Other Essays
| last = Boller | first = Paul F. | year = 1992
| publisher = [[TCU Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ycS5O-p4EzAC&pg=PA6
| isbn = 978-0-87565-097-5
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam
| last = Bowersock | first = G.W. | year = 2013
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X4BoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA85
| isbn = 978-0-199-33384-4
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Jews of Byzantium 1204–1453
| last1 = Bowman | first1 = Stephen B.
| last2 = Ankori | first2 = Zvi
| year = 2001
| publisher = Bloch Publishing Company
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UnRGPQAACAAJ
| isbn = 978-0-8197-0703-1
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Jews of Khazaria
| last = Brook | first = Kevin Alan | year = 2006
| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | location = Lanham, Maryland
| page = 192
| isbn = 978-144220302-0
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Jews of Khazaria | edition = 2nd
| last = Brook | first = Kevin Alan | year = 2010
| orig-year = First published 1999
| publisher = [[Rowman & Littlefield]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hEuIveNl9kcC
| isbn = 978-0-7425-4982-1
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Jews of Khazaria | url = https://archive.org/details/jewsofkhazaria0000broo | edition = 3rd
| last = Brook | first = Kevin Alan | year = 2018
| publisher = [[Rowman & Littlefield]]
| isbn = 978-1-5381-0342-5
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Byzantine Empire | edition = 2nd
| last = Browning | first = Robert | year = 1992
| author-link = Robert Browning (Byzantinist) #
| orig-year = First published 1980
| publisher = [[The Catholic University of America|Catholic University of America Press]]
| url = https://archive.org/details/byzantineempire0000brow | url-access = registration | via = [[Internet Archive]]
| page = [https://archive.org/details/byzantineempire0000brow/page/53 53]
| isbn = 978-0-8132-0754-4
}}
*{{cite book| title = L'Islam, des origines au début de l'Empire ottoman | edition = 2nd
| last = Cahen | first = Claude | year = 2011
| author-link = Claude Cahen
| orig-year = First published 1997
| publisher = [[Hachette (publisher)|Hachette]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OnRrzgAACAAJ&q=claude+cahen%2Bl'islam+des+origines
| isbn = 978-2-8185-0155-9
}}
*{{cite book| title = Constantinople in the Early Eighth Century: The Parastaseis Syntomoi Chronikai: Introduction, Translation, and Commentary
| last1 = Cameron | first1 = Averil
| last2 = Herrin | first2 = Judith
| author1-link = Averil Cameron
| year = 1984
| publisher = [[Brill Publishers|Brill Archive]]
| volume = 10 | series = Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5ZM3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA212
| isbn = 978-90-04-07010-3
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Voice of the Poor in the Middle Ages: An Anthology of Documents from the Cairo Geniza
| last = Cohen | first = Mark R. | year = 2005
| author-link = Douglas Morton Dunlop
| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]
| series = Jews, Christians, and Muslims from the Ancient to the Modern World Series
| url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Voice_Of_The_Poor_In_The_Middle_Ages.html
| isbn = 978-0-691-09271-3
}}
*{{cite news| title = Jews With Swords
| last = Cokal | first = Susann
| author-link = Susann Cokal
| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/28/books/review/Cokal-t.html
| date = 28 October 2007 | access-date = 5 August 2013
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Russian Primary Chronicle (Laurentian text)
| translator1-last = Cross | translator1-first = Samuel Hazzard
| translator2-last = Sherbowitz-Wetzor | translator2-first = Olgerd P.
| editor1-last = Cross | editor1-first = Samuel Hazzard
| editor2-last = Sherbowitz-Wetzor | editor2-first = Olgerd P.
| year = 1953
| publisher = The Mediaeval Academy of America | location = Cambridge, MA
| url = http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a011458.pdf | url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131016005423/http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a011458.pdf
| archive-date = 16 October 2013
| ref = {{harvid|''Russian Primary Chronicle''}}
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = The Keegstra Affair
| last = Davies | first = Alan | year = 1992
| title = Antisemitism in Canada: History and Interpretation
| editor-last = Davies | editor-first = Alan
| publisher = Wilfrid Laurier University Press
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3kLgn7dIEwIC&pg=PA242
| pages = 227–248
| isbn = 978-0-889-20216-0
}}
*{{cite book| title = Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition
| last = DeWeese | first = Devin A. | year = 1994
| publisher = [[Penn State Press]]
| series = Hermeneutics, Studies in the History of Religions
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ut77eAbMUHoC
| isbn = 978-0-271-04445-3
}}
*{{cite book| title = Yisrael ba-gola | edition = 3rd
| last = Dinur | first = Ben-Zion | year = 1961
| author-link = Ben-Zion Dinur
| publisher = Bialik Institute
| volume = 1
}}
*{{cite book| title = History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period
| last = Dubnov | first = Simon | year = 1980
| author-link = Simon Dubnov
| publisher = [[Associated University Presses]]
| volume = 2
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MZ2MwNzB69IC&pg=PA792
| isbn = 978-0-8453-6659-2
}}
*{{cite book| title = History of the Jewish Khazars
| last = Dunlop | first = Douglas Morton | year = 1954
| author-link = Douglas Morton Dunlop
| publisher = [[Schocken Books]] | location = New York, NY
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_YdAAAAAIAAJ&q=Dunlop%2BHistory+of+the+Jewish+Khazars
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = Early History
| title = A Country Study: Hungary
| publisher = Federal Research Division, [[Library of Congress]]
| series = Library of Congress Country Studies
| chapter-url = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+hu0013)
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041029114728/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID+hu0013%29
| date = September 1989 | archive-date = 29 October 2004
| ref = {{harvid|Country Study: Hungary|1989}}
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = The Khazar Language
| last = Erdal | first = Marcel | year = 2007
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 75–108
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZzXjdyK-CEC&pg=PA75
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
*{{cite book| title = Zionism and the Biology of Jews
| last = Falk | first = Raphael | year = 2017
| author-link = Raphael Falk (academic)
| publisher = [[Springer Publishing|Springer]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=s4otDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102
| isbn = 978-3-319-57345-8
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World: Attitudes and Interactions from Alexander to Justinian
| last = Feldman | first = Louis H. | year = 1996
| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uuJasOSDTW0C&pg=PA413
| isbn = 978-1-4008-2080-1
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Jews: A Study of Race and Environment
| last = Fishberg | first = Maurice | year = 1911
| publisher = Scribner's
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3aB5AAAAMAAJ
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen through Contemporary Eyes | edition = 2nd
| last = Geanakoplos | first = Deno John | year = 1984
| publisher = [[University of Chicago|University Of Chicago Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bAfFzCT36ekC&q=Geanakoplos
| isbn = 978-0-226-28461-3
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century
| last1 = Golb | first1 = Norman
| last2 = Pritsak | first2 = Omeljan
| author1-link = Norman Golb
| author2-link = Omeljan Pritsak
| year = 1982
| publisher = [[Cornell University|Cornell University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h-toAAAAMAAJ
| isbn = 978-080141221-9
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Khazar Studies: An Historio-Philological Inquiry into the Origins of the Khazars
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 1980
| author-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| publisher = Akademia Kiado | location = Budapest
| volume = 1,2
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bAfFzCT36ekC&q=Geanakoplos
| isbn = 978-0-226-28461-3
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis And State Formation in the Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 1992
| author-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| publisher = O. Harrassowitz | location = Wiesbaden
| volume = 9 | series = Turcologica
| url = https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Introduction_to_the_History_of_the_Tu.html%3Fid%3D5B6xMQEACAAJ&sa
| isbn = 978-3-447-03274-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The peoples of the South Russian steppes
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 1994a
| author-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| orig-year = First published 1990
| title = The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
| editor-last = Sinor | editor-first = Denis | editor-link = Denis Sinor
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| volume = 1 | pages = 256–283
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6TRNuWmHsC&pg=PA264
| isbn = 978-0-521-24304-9
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The peoples of the Russian forest belt
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 1994b
| orig-year = First published 1990
| title = The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia
| editor-last = Sinor | editor-first = Denis | editor-link = Denis Sinor
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| volume = 1 | pages = 230–255
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ST6TRNuWmHsC&pg=PA247
| isbn = 978-0-521-24304-9
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Nomads in the Sedentary World: The Case of Pre-Chinggisid Rus' and Georgia
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 2001a
| author-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| title = Nomads in the Sedentary World
| editor1-last = Khazanov | editor1-first = Anatoly M. | editor1-link = Anatoly Khazanov
| editor2-last = Wink | editor2-first = Andre
| publisher = [[Routledge]]
| series = Curzon-IIAS Asian studies series
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=z96HrZh4_N4C&pg=PA24
| pages = 24–74
| isbn = 978-0-7007-1369-1
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Nomad and Sedentary societies in Eurasia
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 2001b
| author-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| title = Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History
| editor-last = Adas | editor-first = Michael
| publisher = Temple University Press
| volume = 2 | series = Critical Perspectives on the Past Series. American Historical Association
| pages = 71–115
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qcSsoJ0IXawC&pg=PA86
| isbn = 978-1-56639-832-9
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Nomads and their neighbours in the Russian steppe: Turks, Khazars and Qipchaqs
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 2003
| author-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| publisher = [[Ashgate Publishing|Ashgate]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books/about/Nomads_and_their_neighbours_in_the_Russi.htm
| isbn = 978-0-86078-885-0
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The Khazar Sacral Kingship
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 2006
| author-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| title = Pre-modern Russia and its world: Essays in Honour of Thomas S. Noonan
| editor1-last = Reyerson | editor1-first = Kathryn Von
| editor2-last = Stavrou | editor2-first = Theofanis George
| editor3-last = Tracy | editor3-first = James Donald
| publisher = [[Otto Harrassowitz|Otto Harrassowitz Verlag]]
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LMwmcqwZUGcC&pg=PA79
| pages = 79–102
| isbn = 978-3-447-05425-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Turks and Khazars: Origins, Institutions, and Interactions in Pre-Mongol Eurasia
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 2010
| author-link = Peter B. Golden
| publisher = [[Ashgate Publishing]]
| volume = 952 | series = Variorum Collected Studies Series
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AOhIAQAAIAAJ
| isbn = 978-1-4094-0003-5
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Central Asia in World History
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 2011a
| author-link = Peter B. Golden
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| series = New Oxford World History
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PtT5p-6V5FcC&pg=PA65
| isbn = 978-0-19-979317-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
| last = Golden | first = Peter Benjamin | year = 2011b
| author-link = Peter B. Golden
| publisher = Editura Academiei Române
| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227466942 | via = [[ResearchGate]]
| isbn = 978-973-27-2152-0
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Price of Whiteness: Jews, Race, and American Identity
| last = Goldstein | first = Eric L. | year = 2006
| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qsvlFZ6rgpkC&pg=PA131
| isbn = 978-069112105-5
}}
*{{cite book| title = Karaite Exegesis in Medieval Jerusalem
| last = Goldstein | first = Miriam | year = 2011
| publisher = Mohr Siebeck
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=F9pu1RJKbdkC&q=Abraham+Firkovich+1839&pg=PA9
| page = 9
| isbn = 978-316150972-8
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Jews in the Japanese Mind: The History and Uses of a Cultural Stereotype
| last1 = Goodman | first1 = David G.
| last2 = Miyazawa | first2 = Masanori
| year = 2000 | orig-year = First published 1995
| publisher = [[Lexington Books]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=R_PQLj2D1DQC&pg=PA263
| isbn = 978-0-7391-0167-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Black Sun: Aryan cults, esoteric nazism, and the politics of identity
| last = Goodrick-Clarke | first = Nicholas | year = 2003
| orig-year = First published 2001
| publisher = [[NYU Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xaiaM77s6N4C&pg=PA237
| isbn = 978-0-8147-3155-0
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The " Red Jews": Antisemitism in the Apocalyptic Age 1200–1600
| last = Gow | first = Andrew Colin | year = 1995
| publisher = [[Brill Publishers]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Yp5O_rPI7nsC&pg=PA31
| isbn = 978-90-04-10255-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Kuzari: In Defense of the Despised Faith
| last = Halevi | first = Judah | year = 1998
| author-link = Judah Halevi
| editor-last = Korobkin | editor-first = Nissam Daniel
| publisher = Jason Aronson | location = Northvale, New Jersey-Jerusalem
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QKzXAAAAMAAJ
| isbn = 978-076579970-8
| ref = {{harvid|Korobkin|1998}}
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Kuzari. In defense of the Despised Faith
| last = Halevy | first = Yehuda | year = 1998
| author-link = Judah Halevi
| editor-last = Korobkin | editor-first = N. Daniel
| publisher = Jason Aronson
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QKzXAAAAMAAJ
| isbn = 978-0-7657-9970-8
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Contemporary Arab Anti-Semitism: its Causes and Roots
| last = Harkabi | first = Yehoshafat | year = 1987
| author-link = Yehoshafat Harkabi
| orig-year = First published 1968
| title = The Persisting Question: Sociological Perspectives and Social Contexts of Modern Antisemitism
| editor-last = Fein | editor-first = Helen | editor-link = Helen Fein
| publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]]
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uHWG1pDCtNgC&pg=PA424
| pages = 412–427
| isbn = 978-3-11-010170-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Byzantine Armies 886-1118
| last = Heath | first = Ian | year = 1979
| publisher = [[Osprey Publishing]]
| isbn = 978-0-85045306-5
}}
*{{Rejea jarida | title = On the Westerly Drifting of Nomades, from the Fifth to the Nineteenth Century. Part IV. The Circassians and White Khazars
| last = Howorth | first = H. H.
| author-link = Henry Hoyle Howorth
| journal = [[Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland|The Journal of the Ethnological Society of London]]
| year = 1870 | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 182–192
| jstor = 3014425
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = The legend of Xinnie in the seventh and eighth centuries
| last1 = Inaba | first1 = Minoru
| last2 = Balogh | first2 = Dániel
| year = 2020
| title = Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
| editor-last = Balogh | editor-first = Dániel
| publisher = Barkhuis
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=frnVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA106
| pages = 103–107
| isbn = 978-9-493-19401-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium | edition = 2nd
| last = Kaegi | first = Walter Emil | year = 2003
| author-link = Walter Kaegi
| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tlNlFZ_7UhoC&pg=PA142
| isbn = 978-0-521-81459-1
}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia| title = Khazar
| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Britannica
| url = https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khazar
| date = 29 March 2020
| ref = {{harvid|Encyclopedia Britannica: Khazar|2020}}
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Huns
| last = Kim | first = Hyun Jin | year = 2016
| publisher = Routledge
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mcf4CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT61
| isbn = 978-1-317-34090-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Karaites of Galicia: An Ethnoreligious Minority Among the Ashkenazim, the Turks, and the Slavs, 1772–1945
| last = Kizilov | first = Mikhail | year = 2009
| publisher = BRILL
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hGILHIgEl7cC&pg=PA335
| isbn = 978-90-04-16602-8
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = National Inventions: The Imperial Emancipation of the Karaites from Jewishness
| last = Kizilov | first = Mikhail | year = 2014
| title = An Empire of Others: Creating Ethnographic Knowledge in Imperial Russia and the USSR
| editor1-last = Cvetkovski | editor1-first = Roland
| editor2-last = Hofmeister | editor2-first = Alexis
| publisher = [[Central European University]] Press
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=36t_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA388
| pages = 369–393
| isbn = 978-6-155-22576-5
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = History of the Byzantine Jews: A Microcosmos in the Thousand Year Empire
| last = Kohen | first = Elli | year = 2007
| publisher = [[University Press of America]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r-9qJRP20MIC&pg=PA103
| isbn = 978-0-7618-3623-0
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Barbarian Emperors? Aspects of the Byzantine Perception of the qaghan (chaganos) in the Earlier Middle Ages
| last = Kolditz | first = Sebastian | year = 2017
| title = Transcultural Approaches to the Concept of Imperial Rule in the Middle Ages
| editor1-last = Scholl | editor1-first = Christian
| editor2-last = Gebhardt | editor2-first = Torben R.
| editor3-last = Clauß | editor3-first = Jan
| publisher = [[Peter Lang (publisher)|Peter Lang]]
| chapter-url = https://www.peterlang.com/view/9783631706244/chapter-003.xhtml
| pages = 41–76
| isbn = 978-3-631-70624-4
}}
*{{Rejea jarida | title = The Tibetan Title Dru gu Gesar (Turk Caesar / Caesar of the Turks) in the Northern Branch of the Silk Route and the Role of the Khazars
| last = Kordosis | first = Stefanos
| journal = ΘΗΣΑΥΡΙΣΜΑΤΑ
| year = 2017 | issue = 47 | pages = 183–192
| url = https://www.academia.edu/39530827
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = Creating Khazar Identity through Coins: the Special Issue Dirhams of 837/838
| last = Kovalev | first = R.K. | year = 2005
| title = East Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages
| url = https://archive.org/details/eastcentraleaste00curt_993
| editor-last = Curta | editor-first = Florin
| location = Ann Arbor
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/eastcentraleaste00curt_993/page/n227 220]–251
}}
*{{cite book| title = Die Chasaren; historische Studie
| last = von Kutschera | first = Hugo | year = 1909
| publisher = A. Holzhauen
| language = de
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=G_zEugEACAAJ
| isbn = 978-027447307-6
}}
*{{cite book| title = Masterpieces of Hebrew Literature: Selections from 2000 Years of Jewish Creativity
| last = Leviant | first = Curt | year = 2008
| author-link = Curt Leviant
| orig-year = First published 1969
| publisher = [[Jewish Publication Society]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1jT7jD1t8jAC&pg=PA159
| isbn = 978-0-8276-0954-9
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice
| last = Lewis | first = Bernard | year = 1987
| author-link = Bernard Lewis
| orig-year = First published 1986
| publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | location = New York
| url = https://archive.org/details/semitesantisemit00bern | url-access = registration | via = [[Internet Archive]]
| isbn = 978-0-393-30420-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Jews of Islam
| last = Lewis | first = Bernard | year = 2013
| author-link = Bernard Lewis
| publisher = [[Routledge]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nmBUKnFfgvcC&pg=PP61
| isbn = 978-1-135-03021-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Economic Role of Jews in Medieval Poland: The Contribution of Yitzhak Schipper
| last = Litman | first = Jacob | year = 1984
| publisher = [[University Press of America]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_economic_role_of_Jews_in_Medieval_Po.html%3Fid%3DIJ9tAAAAMAAJ
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Between Mysticism and Philosophy: Sufi Language of Religious Experience in Experience in Judah Ha-Levi's Kuzari
| last = Lobel | first = Diana | year = 2000
| publisher = SUNY Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=V8DbnUcf6QUC&pg=PA3
| isbn = 978-079144451-1
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Vikings in History | edition = 2nd
| last = Logan | first = F. Donald | year = 1992
| orig-year = First published 1983
| publisher = [[Routledge]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jsp-whocldIC&pg=PA201
| isbn = 978-0-415-08396-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire
| last = Luttwak | first = Edward N. | year = 2009
| author-link = Edward N. Luttwak
| publisher = [[Harvard University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cUVJKJejPY8C&pg=PA448
| isbn = 978-0-674-03519-5
}}
*{{cite web| title = Magyars
| website = WebChron: The Web Chronology Project
| url = http://www.thenagain.info/WebChron/EastEurope/Magyars.html
| access-date = 22 August 2013
| ref = {{harvid|WebChron: Magyars}}
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The Hungarians' Prehistory, Their Conquest of Hungary and their raids to the West
| last = Makkai | first = Lásló | year = 1994
| title = A History of Hungary
| editor1-last = Sugar | editor1-first = Peter F.
| editor2-last = Hanák | editor2-first = Péter
| editor3-last = Frank | editor3-first = Tibor | editor3-link = Tibor Frank
| publisher = Indiana University Press
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKwmGQCT0MAC&q=Hungarian+conquest&pg=PA1
| page = 11
| isbn = 0-253-35578-8
}}
*{{Rejea jarida | title = The Possible Reasons for the Arab-Khazar Wars
| last = Mako | first = Gerald
| journal = Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
| year = 2010 | volume = 17 | pages = 45–57
| url = https://www.academia.edu/638371
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Reconstructing Ashkenaz: The Human Face of Franco-German Jewry, 1000–1250
| last = Malkiel | first = David | year = 2008
| publisher = [[Stanford University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XNJRKSk6gS4C&pg=PA263
| isbn = 978-0-8047-8684-3
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Oxford History of Byzantium
| editor-last = Mango | editor-first = Cyril | editor-link = Cyril Mango
| year = 2002
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Oxford_History_of_Byzantium.html
| isbn = 978-0-19-814098-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Conversion to Judaism: a tale of the good, the bad and the ungrateful
| last = Mariner | first = Rodney | year = 1999
| title = Religious Conversion: Contemporary Practices and Controversies
| editor1-last = Lamb | editor1-first = Christopher
| editor2-last = Bryant | editor2-first = M. Darroll
| publisher = A&C Black
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=shdQ-QSZMdIC&pg=PA95
| pages = 89–101
| isbn = 978-0-826-43713-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Other Zions: The Lost Histories of Jewish Nations
| last = Maroney | first = Eric | year = 2010
| publisher = [[Rowman & Littlefield]]
| url = https://archive.org/details/otherzionslosthi0000maro | url-access = registration | via = [[Internet Archive]]
| page = [https://archive.org/details/otherzionslosthi0000maro/page/55 55]
| isbn = 978-1-4422-0045-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Philosopher-King in Medieval and Renaissance Jewish Political Thought
| last = Melamed | first = Avraham | year = 2003
| editor-last = Goodman | editor-first = Lenn Evan
| publisher = [[SUNY Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CarNyTThFqYC&pg=PA24
| isbn = 978-0-7914-8770-9
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Empires of Islam in Renaissance Historical Thought
| last = Meserve | first = Margaret | year = 2009
| publisher = Harvard University Press
| volume = 158 | series = Harvard Historical Series
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XDmZXIDiZG8C&pg=PA295
| isbn = 978-0-674-02656-8
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Karaite Separatism in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Joseph Solomon Lutski's Epistle of Israel's Deliverance
| last = Miller | first = Philip E. | year = 1993
| publisher = [[Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion|Hebrew Union College Press]] | location = Cincinnati
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WPaKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7
| isbn = 978-0-878-20137-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Road to Jerusalem: Glubb Pasha, Palestine and the Jews
| last = Morris | first = Benny | year = 2003
| author-link = Benny Morris
| orig-year = First published 2002
| publisher = [[I. B. Tauris]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zL_1icJwNP0C&pg=PA22
| isbn = 978-1-86064-989-9
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = A History of Russia: To 1917
| last = Moss | first = Walter | year = 2002
| orig-year = First published 1997
| publisher = Anthem Press
| volume = 1 | series = Anthem Russian and Slavonic studies
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BXgNSFIEJ2QC&pg=PA16
| isbn = 978-0-85728-752-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = European Russia c500-c1050
| last = Noonan | first = Thomas S. | year = 1999
| author-link = Thomas S. Noonan
| title = The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, C.900-c.1024
| editor1-last = Reuter | editor1-first = Timothy | editor1-link = Timothy Reuter
| editor2-last = McKitterick | editor2-first = Rosamond | editor2-link = Rosamond McKitterick
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| volume = 3 | pages = 485–534
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u-SsbHs5zTAC&pg=PA508
| isbn = 978-0-521-36447-8
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The Khazar Qaghanate and its impact on the early Rus' state: the Translatio Imperii from Itil to Kiev
| last = Noonan | first = Thomas S. | year = 2001
| author-link = Thomas S. Noonan
| title = Nomads in the Sedentary World
| editor1-last = Khazanov | editor1-first = Anatoly M. | editor1-link = Anatoly Khazanov
| editor2-last = Wink | editor2-first = André
| publisher = [[Routledge]]
| series = Curzon-IIAS Asian studies series
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=z96HrZh4_N4C&pg=PA76
| pages = 76–102
| isbn = 978-0-7007-1369-1
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The Economy of the Khazar Khaganate
| last = Noonan | first = Thomas S. | year = 2007
| author-link = Thomas S. Noonan
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 207–244
| chapter-url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_World_of_the_Khazars/3ZzXjdyK-CEC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Noonan%2BThe+Economy+of+the+Khazar+Khaganate&pg=PA207
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Legacy: A Genetic History of the Jewish People
| last = Ostrer | first = Harry | year = 2012
| author-link = Harry Ostrer
| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RayZR3V1SFwC&pg=PA26
| isbn = 978-0-19-997638-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = History of the Byzantine State
| last = Ostrogorski | first = George | year = 1969
| author-link = George Ostrogorski
| publisher = [[Rutgers University Press]]
| url = https://archive.org/details/historyofbyzanti00ostr | url-access = registration | via = [[Internet Archive]]
| isbn = 978-0-8135-0599-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Myth of the Jewish Race
| last1 = Patai | first1 = Raphael
| last2 = Patai | first2 = Jennifer
| author1-link = Raphael Patai
| year = 1989 | orig-year = First published 1975
| publisher = [[Wayne State University|Wayne State University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Xt7f6WBEP0EC&pg=PA71
| isbn = 978-0-8143-1948-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Early Seljūq History: A New Interpretation
| last = Peacock | first = Andrew C.S. | year = 2010
| publisher = [[Routledge]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xj9haotAapcC&pg=PA27
| isbn = 978-0-415-54853-3
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Khazaria and Rus': An Examination of their Historical Relations
| last = Petrukhin | first = Vladimir | year = 2007
| author-link = Vladimir Petrukhin
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 245–268
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_World_of_the_Khazars.html%3Fid%3D3ZzXjdyK-CEC
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Judaism in Khazaria according to Archaeological Data (Иудаизм в Хазарии по данным археологии)
| last1 = Petrukhin | first1 = Vladimir
| last2 = Flyorov | first2 = Valeriy
| author1-link = Vladimir Petrukhin
| year = 2010
| script-title = ru:История еврейского народа в России. От древности до раннего Нового времени
| trans-title = History of Jewish People in Russia. From Antiquity to the Early Modern Period
| editor1-last = Bartal | editor1-first = Israel
| editor2-last = Kulik | editor2-first = Alexander
| publisher = Bridges of Culture; Gerashim | location = Moscow; Jerusalem
| volume = 1 | pages = 149–161
| language = ru
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Middle Byzantine Court Costume
| last = Piltz | first = Elisabeth | year = 2004
| orig-year = First published 1997
| title = Byzantine Court Culture from 829 To 1204
| editor-last = Maguire | editor-first = Henry | editor-link = Martijn Theodoor Houtsma
| publisher = Dumbarton Oaks
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qjy2d8ExpTAC&pg=PA42
| pages = 39–52
| isbn = 978-0-88402-308-1
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The History of Anti-semitism: From the time of Christ to the court Jews
| last = Poliakov | first = Léon | year = 2005
| author-link = Léon Poliakov
| orig-year = 1955/1975
| publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9uyoN09ZsHEC&pg=PA285
| isbn = 978-0-8122-1863-3
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Jews in Old Poland: 1000–1795
| editor1-last = Polonsky | editor1-first = Antony | editor1-link = Antony Polonsky
| editor2-last = Basista | editor2-first = Jakub
| editor3-last = Link-Lenczowski | editor3-first = Andrzej
| year = 1993
| publisher = [[I. B. Tauris]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-LltAAAAMAAJ&q=Maksymilian+Gumplowicz+khazars
| isbn = 978-1-85043-342-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity
| last = Rezakhani | first = Khodadad | year = 2017
| publisher = [[Edinburgh University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VjVYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT233
| isbn = 978-1-474-40031-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Hungarians & Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History
| last = Róna-Tas | first = András | year = 1999
| author-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = [[Central European University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I-RTt0Q6AcYC
| isbn = 978-963-9116-48-1
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Russian Intellectual Antisemitism in the Post-Communist Era
| last = Rossman | first = Vadim Joseph | year = 2002
| publisher = [[University of Nebraska Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pF-I25OC5ugC&pg=PA98
| isbn = 978-0-8032-3948-7
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Anti-Semitism in Eurasian Historiography: The Caser of Lev Gumilev
| last = Rossman | first = Vadim Joseph | year = 2007
| title = Russia Between East and West: Scholarly Debates on Eurasianism
| editor-last = Shlapentokh | editor-first = Dmitry
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 102 | series = International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology
| pages = 121–188
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EnsHyxPZfOIC&pg=PA134
| isbn = 978-90-04-15415-5
}}
*{{Rejea habari| title = 'Jews a Race' Genetic Theory Comes Under Fierce Attack by DNA Expert
| last = Rubin | first = Rita
| magazine = [[The Forward]]
| url = http://forward.com/articles/175912/jews-a-race-genetic-theory-comes-under-fierce-atta/?p=all
| date = 7 May 2013 | access-date = 9 June 2014
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu
| chapter = The Population in Europe
| last = Russell
| first = Josiah C.
| year = 1972
| title = The Fontana Economic History of Europe: The Middle Ages
| editor-last = Cipolla
| editor-first = Carlo M.
| editor-link = Carlo M. Cipolla
| publisher = Collins/Fontana
| volume = 1
| pages = 25–71
| chapter-url = http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/pop-in-eur.html
| access-date = 2021-12-23
| archive-date = 2014-10-29
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141029063430/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/pop-in-eur.html
| dead-url = yes
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Invention of the Jewish People
| last = Sand | first = Shlomo | year = 2010
| author-link = Shlomo Sand
| orig-year = First published 2009
| publisher = [[Verso Books]] | location = London
| url = https://archive.org/details/inventionofjewi00sand | url-access = registration | via = [[Internet Archive]]
| isbn = 978-1-84467-623-1
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Story of the Jews: Finding the Words (1000 BCE – 1492)
| last = Schama | first = Simon | year = 2013
| author-link = Simon Schama
| publisher = [[Random House]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yLdkwBPMLaQC&pg=PA266
| isbn = 978-1-409-04004-0
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, AD 476-1648
| last = Schwartzwald | first = Jack L. | year = 2015
| publisher = [[McFarland & Company|McFarland]]
| url = https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Collapse_and_Recovery_of_Europe_AD_4/bqgHCwAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Constantine+VI%2Bdowager%2Bunpopular&pg=PA26
| isbn = 978-1-476-66230-5
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The Khazar motif in Judah Halevi's ''Sefer ha-Kuzari''
| last = Schweid | first = Eliezer | year = 2007
| author-link = Eliezer Schweid
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 279–290
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yO-vCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA279
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Closer Encounters with the Byzantine World: The Rus at the Straits of Kerch
| last = Shepard | first = Jonathan | year = 2006
| title = Pre-modern Russia and its world: Essays in Honour of Thomas S. Noonan
| editor1-last = Reyerson | editor1-first = Kathryn Von
| editor2-last = Stavrou | editor2-first = Theofanis George
| editor3-last = Tracy | editor3-first = James Donald
| publisher = [[Otto Harrassowitz|Otto Harrassowitz Verlag]]
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LMwmcqwZUGcC&pg=PA35
| pages = 15–77
| isbn = 978-3-447-05425-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Ethos, Materiality and Paradigms of Political Action in Early Medieval Communities of the Northwestern Caspian Region
| last = Shingiray | first = Irina Lita | year = 2012
| title = The Archaeology of Power and Politics in Eurasia: Regimes and Revolutions
| editor1-last = Hartley | editor1-first = Charles W.
| editor2-last = Yazicioğlu | editor2-first = G. Bike
| editor3-last = Smith | editor3-first = Adam T.
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UstGrkGNNQcC&pg=PA208
| pages = 188–216
| isbn = 978-1-107-01652-1
}}
*{{Rejea jarida | title = The Chinese Chroniclers of the Khazars: Notes on Khazaria in Tang Period Texts
| last = Shirota | first = Shun (城田俊)
| editor1-last = Woods | editor1-first = John E.
| editor2-last = Pfeiffer | editor2-first = Judith
| editor3-last = Tucker | editor3-first = Ernest
| journal = Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
| year = 2005 | volume = 14 | pages = 231–261
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The Story of an Euphemism: The Khazars in Russian Nationalist Literature
| last = Shnirelman | first = Victor A | year = 2007
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 353–372
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZzXjdyK-CEC&pg=PA360
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
*{{Rejea tovuti
| title = Contemporary Racist and Judeophobic Ideology Discovers the Khazars, or, Who Really Are the Jews?
| last = Singerman
| first = Robert
| year = 2004
| series = Rosaline and Myer Feinstein Lecture Series
| url = http://www.jewishlibraries.org/main/Portals/0/AJL_Assets/documents/Feinstein/Robert%20Singerman.pdf
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140305220540/http://www.jewishlibraries.org/main/Portals/0/AJL_Assets/documents/Feinstein/Robert%20Singerman.pdf
| access-date = 1 March 2014
| archive-date = 5 March 2014
| accessdate = 2021-12-23
| archivedate = 2014-03-05
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140305220540/http://www.jewishlibraries.org/main/Portals/0/AJL_Assets/documents/Feinstein/Robert%20Singerman.pdf
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, and Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia
| last = Sneath | first = David | year = 2007
| publisher = [[Columbia University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OR14qaApQbgC&pg=PA25
| isbn = 978-0-231-51167-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = New remarks on the flow of Byzantine coins in Avaria and Walachia during the second half of the seventh century
| last = Somogyi | first = Péter | year = 2008
| title = The "Other" Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans
| editor1-last = Curta | editor1-first = Florin
| editor2-last = Kovalev | editor2-first = Roman
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 2 | series = East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450
| pages = 83–149
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_-G1L-9Zec0C&pg=PA125
| isbn = 978-90-04-16389-8
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Romanians and the Turkic Nomads North of the Danube Delta from the Tenth to the Mid-Thirteenth Century
| last = Spinei | first = Victor | year = 2009
| publisher = [[Brill Publishers|BRILL]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9KwCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA50
| isbn = 978-9-004-17536-5
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History
| last = Spolsky | first = Bernard | year = 2014
| publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nl72AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA177
| isbn = 978-1-107-05544-5
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Making a Nation, Breaking a Nation: Literature and Cultural Politics in Yugoslavia
| last = Wachtel | first = Andrew | year = 1998
| publisher = [[Stanford University Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cnISZNM6X6EC&pg=PA210
| pages = 210–215
| isbn = 978-0-8047-3181-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = The Khazars and the World of Islam
| last = Wasserstein | first = David | year = 2007
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 373–386
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_World_of_the_Khazars.html%3Fid%3D3ZzXjdyK-CEC
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800
| last = Weinryb | first = Bernard Dov | year = 1973a
| publisher = Jewish Publication Society
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K2DgBdSCQnsC&q=Abraham+Firkovich+khazars&pg=PA21
| pages = 21–22
| isbn = 978-082760016-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Jews of Poland: A Social and Economic History of the Jewish Community in Poland from 1100 to 1800 he non-Jewish origins of the Sephardic Jews
| last = Weinryb | first = Bernard Dov | year = 1973b
| publisher = [[Jewish Publication Society]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=K2DgBdSCQnsC&pg=PA20
| isbn = 978-0-8276-0016-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Outline of History: Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind
| last = Wells | first = H. G. | year = 1920
| author-link = Herbert George Wells
| publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]]
| volume = 1
| url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:The_Outline_of_History_Vol_1.djvu/594
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Explorations in Judeo-Slavic Linguistics
| last = Wexler | first = Paul | year = 1987
| publisher = [[Brill Publishers|Brill Archive]]
| volume = 2 | series = Contributions to the sociology of Jewish languages
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FfYUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA72
| isbn = 978-90-04-07656-3
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The non-Jewish origins of the Sephardic Jews
| last = Wexler | first = Paul | year = 1996
| publisher = [[State University of New York|SUNY]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XZwO2TX8EOcC&pg=PA25
| isbn = 978-1-4384-2393-7
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Two-Tiered Relexification in Yiddish: Jews, Sorbs, Khazars and the Kiev-Polessian Dialect
| last = Wexler | first = Paul | year = 2002
| publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]]
| volume = 136 | series = Trends in linguistics / Studies and monographs: Studies and monographs
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JL7CY2MW63gC&pg=PA537
| isbn = 978-3-11-017258-4
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| chapter = Yiddish Evidence for the Khazar Component in the Ashkenazic ethnogenesis
| last = Wexler | first = Paul | year = 2007
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 387–398
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3ZzXjdyK-CEC&pg=PA387
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025
| last = Whittow | first = David | year = 1996
| publisher = [[University of California Press]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=22NNIjrpd20C&pg=PA226
| isbn = 978-0-520-20496-6
}}
*{{Rejea kitabu| title = Khazaria in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
| last = Zhivkov | first = Boris | year = 2015
| publisher = [[Brill Publishers|BRILL]]
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7Du2CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA173
| isbn = 978-9-004-29448-6
}}
*{{cite book| title = The Origins of the Volga Bulghars
| last = Zimonyi | first = István | year = 1990
| editor-last = Szõnyi-Sándor | editor-first = Klára
| series = Studia Uralo-Altaica, 32
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = On the date of the Khazars' Conversion to Judaism and the Chronology of the Kings of the Rus' Oleg and Igor
| last = Zuckerman | first = Constantine | year = 1995
| title = Revue des Études Byzantines
| volume = 53 | pages = 237–270
}}
*{{cite book| chapter = The Khazars and Byzantium –The First Encounter
| last = Zuckerman | first = Constantine | year = 2007
| title = The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives
| editor1-last = Golden | editor1-first = Peter B. | editor1-link = Peter Benjamin Golden
| editor2-last = Ben-Shammai | editor2-first = Haggai
| editor3-last = Róna-Tas | editor3-first = András | editor3-link = András Róna-Tas
| publisher = BRILL
| volume = 17 | series = Handbuch der Orientalistik: Handbook of Uralic studies
| pages = 399–431
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_World_of_the_Khazars.html%3Fid%3D3ZzXjdyK-CEC
| isbn = 978-90-04-16042-2
}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/GOLD/thumbs?class_mark=T-S_12.122 The Kievan Letter scan] in the [[:en:Cambridge_University_Library|Cambridge University Library]] collection.
* [http://www.khazaria.com/ Khazaria.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061003195338/http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=457&rsid=478 Resources – Medieval Jewish History – The Khazars] The Jewish History Resource Center, Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
* {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026233731/http://geocities.com/ayatoles/|date=26 October 2009|title=Khazar Historic Maps}}
* [http://www.sacred-texts.com/jud/khz/index.htm The Kitab al-Khazari of Judah Hallevi, full English translation at sacred-texts.com]
* [http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2.209/ancient-lost-capital-of-the-jewish-khazar-kingdom-found-1.254377 Ancient lost capital of the Khazar kingdom found] {{Wayback|url=http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2.209/ancient-lost-capital-of-the-jewish-khazar-kingdom-found-1.254377 |date=20170810091901 }}
[[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]]
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Usama Siala
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'''Usama Siala''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Libya]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa [[Mawasiliano]] na [[Teknolojia]] ya [[Habari]] kuanzia [[Januari]] [[2013]] hadi [[Agosti]] [[2014]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/31/congress-votes-to-approve-zeidan-government-six-members-referred-to-integrity-commission/ |title=Congress votes to approve Zeidan Government; six members referred to Integrity Commission |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archive-date=2021-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618061840/https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/31/congress-votes-to-approve-zeidan-government-six-members-referred-to-integrity-commission/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/features/2012/10/31/feature-01|title=Libya government formation sparks protest|publisher=Magharebia|date=31 October 2012|author=Asmaa Elourfi}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/10/31/full-listing-of-proposed-new-libyan-cabinet/|title=Full Listing of Proposed New Libyan Cabinet|date=31 October 2012|work=Libya Business News|accessdate=2022-03-20|archive-date=2013-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518184637/http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/10/31/full-listing-of-proposed-new-libyan-cabinet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muda wa Siala kama Waziri wa Mawasiliano na Teknolojia ya Habari uliisha wakati baraza la mawaziri lilipojiuzulu tarehe 29 [[Agosti]] [[2014]]. Kisha alirejeshwa kama [[Rais]] wa Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano na Habari Mkuu tarehe 22/09/[[2014]]. <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-government-idUSKCN0HH2OQ20140922 Libya's parliament approves new government] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</ref>
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://www.cim.gov.ly Wizara ya Mawasiliano na Teknolojia ya Habari]
* [http://lptic.ly/ Kampuni Hodhi ya Mawasiliano ya Libya] {{Wayback|url=http://lptic.ly/ |date=20220413233444 }}
== Elimu ==
Siala Alipata shahada yake kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tripoli ya b.sc. katika mawasiliano ya simu mwaka [[1999]].
== Marejeleo ==
{{mbegu-mtu}}
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Libya]]
[[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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'''Usama Siala''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Libya]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa [[Mawasiliano]] na [[Teknolojia]] ya [[Habari]] kuanzia [[Januari]] [[2013]] hadi [[Agosti]] [[2014]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/31/congress-votes-to-approve-zeidan-government-six-members-referred-to-integrity-commission/ |title=Congress votes to approve Zeidan Government; six members referred to Integrity Commission |accessdate=2022-03-20 |archive-date=2021-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618061840/https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/10/31/congress-votes-to-approve-zeidan-government-six-members-referred-to-integrity-commission/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/features/2012/10/31/feature-01|title=Libya government formation sparks protest|publisher=Magharebia|date=31 October 2012|author=Asmaa Elourfi}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/10/31/full-listing-of-proposed-new-libyan-cabinet/|title=Full Listing of Proposed New Libyan Cabinet|date=31 October 2012|work=Libya Business News|accessdate=2022-03-20|archive-date=2013-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518184637/http://www.libya-businessnews.com/2012/10/31/full-listing-of-proposed-new-libyan-cabinet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Muda wa Siala kama Waziri wa Mawasiliano na Teknolojia ya Habari uliisha wakati baraza la mawaziri lilipojiuzulu tarehe 29 [[Agosti]] [[2014]]. Kisha alirejeshwa kama [[Rais]] wa Mamlaka ya Mawasiliano na Habari Mkuu tarehe 22/09/[[2014]]. <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-government-idUSKCN0HH2OQ20140922 Libya's parliament approves new government] ''Reuters''. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</ref>
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://www.cim.gov.ly Wizara ya Mawasiliano na Teknolojia ya Habari]
* [http://lptic.ly/ Kampuni Hodhi ya Mawasiliano ya Libya] {{Wayback|url=http://lptic.ly/ |date=20220413233444 }}
== Elimu ==
Siala Alipata shahada yake kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tripoli ya b.sc. katika mawasiliano ya simu mwaka [[1999]].
== Marejeleo ==
{{mbegu-mtu}}
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Libya]]
[[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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Tuzo za Muziki MTV Africa 2014
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'''Tuzo za Muziki MTV Africa 2014''' zilifanyika mnamo 7 Juni [[2014]], katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Kimataifa cha Durban (ICC Arena). Tuzo hizo zilirushwa moja kwa moja Afrika kote kwenye MTV Base na MTV. Sherehe hiyo ilidhaminiwa na Mkoa wa KwaZulu-Natal, Absolut na Jiji la Durban.<ref>http://mg.co.za/article/2014-03-21-mtv-africa-music-awards-returns-after-three-year-break</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/mtv-africa-music-awards-come-to-sa/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2014-04-17 |archive-date=2014-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418234142/http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/mtv-africa-music-awards-come-to-sa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201403210393.html</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201403210393.html</ref> Kipindi hicho kiliandaliwa na mchekeshaji wa Marekani na mwigizaji Marlon Wayans.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-host-revealed |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008190959/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-host-revealed }}</ref>Sherehe hiyo ilikuwa na maonyesho kutoka kwa wasanii kama Miguel, Trey Songz, Flavour N'abania, French Montana, Tiwa Savage, Davido, Mafikizolo, Uhuru, Oskido, Profesa, Diamond Platnumz, Phyno, Yuri Da Cunha, Sauti Sol, Sarkodie, Ice Prince, The Arrows, Khuli Chana, Dr SID, Fally Ipupa, Michael Lowman, Don Jazzy, DJ Clock, Beatenberg, DJ Kent, Big Nuz, Toofan, D'Banj, DJ Vigi, DJ Tira, DJ Buckz, na Burna Boy<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-performers-03062014/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007120829/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-performers-03062014/ }}</ref><ref>http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/21/miguel-tiwa-savage-davido-flavour-to-perform-at-the-2014-mamas/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/the-2014-mama-line-up-just-got-even-better/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191225/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/the-2014-mama-line-up-just-got-even-better/ }}</ref>.27 Mei 2014, wateule wa Tuzo la Uongozi wa MTV Base .walitangazwa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-leadership-nominees-have-their-say/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008190731/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-leadership-nominees-have-their-say/ }}</ref> Mei 28, MTV Base ilifunua Drake, Beyoncé, Rihanna, Pharrell Williams, na Miley Cyrus kama wateule wa kitengo cha Sheria Bora ya Kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-best-international-nominees-revealed/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-11-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115111819/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-best-international-nominees-revealed/ }}</ref> Davido na Mafikizolo walipokea uteuzi zaidi ya mara nne kila mmoja. Mi Casa na P-Square walipokea uteuzi mara tatu. Diamond Platnumz na Wizkid waliteuliwa mara mbili kwa ushirikiano bora wa kiume.
Marlon Wayans alivaa rickshaw ya shanga, na alishangiliwa na umati. Katika tukio hilo, aliigiza mwandishi wa habari wa Marekani ambaye alibagua talanta za Kiafrika wakati wa mahojiano. Mafikizolo alishinda mataji mawili na kuimba wimbo wao wa 'Khona', pamoja na Flavour N'abania, Sauti Sol, na Fally Ipupa.Davido alichukua tuzo mbili kwa Msanii Bora wakiume . Tiwa Savage aliwang'oa Efya, Chidinma, Arielle T, na DJ C'ndo kwa tuzo ya mwanamke bora.Msanii wa nyimbo za Afro-soul Simphiwe Dana alitoa heshima za mwisho kwa marehemu Nelson Mandela kwa kutumbuiza mbele ya mchoro mkubwa wa video uliobuniwa na Transform Today mteule Rasty.Utekaji nyara wa wasichana wa shule ya Nigeria pia ulishughulikiwa wakati wa sherehe hiyo. Ladysmith Black Mambazo alipokea makofi makubwa kwa kufanya "Acappello" na "Y-tjukutja". Lupita Nyong'o alishinda tuzo ya Utu wa Mwaka; Kanda ya video ya hotuba yake ya kukubali ilirushwa wakati wa sherehe hiyo. Wanamuziki wa Marekani Miguel, French Montana, na Trey Songz waliimba nyimbo zao.Wageni mashuhuri waliohudhuria hafla hiyo ni pamoja na Khloé Kardashian, D'Banj, Nomzamo Mbatha, Goldfish, DJ Fresh, John Vlismas, Kajal Bagwandeen, Emmanuel Adebayor, Wema Sepetu, Minnie Dlamini, Sizwe Dhlomo, Dorcas Shola Fapson, DJ C'ndo, Efya na Riaad Moosa.<ref>http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6113980/davido-and-tiwa-savage-top-winners-at-mtv-africa-music-awards-marlon-wayans</ref><ref>http://www.channel24.co.za/Music/News/Mafikizolo-magic-at-MTV-Africa-Music-Awards-20140608</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/06/08/watch-highlights-2014-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-full-list-winners/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026190209/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/06/08/watch-highlights-2014-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-full-list-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref><nowiki>http://www.greedysouth.co.zw/2014/06/mtv-africa-music-awards.html</nowiki></ref>
BET International ilizindua show hiyo mnamo Juni 12. Kipindi hicho kilitangazwa kimataifa katika majira ya joto ya 2014<ref>http://www.greedysouth.co.zw/2014/06/mtv-africa-music-awards.html</ref>
== Maamuzi ya uteuzi ==
sherehe za uteuzi zilifanyika Sands Johannesburg. Uteuzi ulitangazwa na Nomuzi Mabena, Sizwe Dhlomo, Alex Okosi, Tim Horwood, na Shirley Mabiletja.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]]
[[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]]
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'''Tuzo za Muziki MTV Africa 2014''' zilifanyika mnamo 7 Juni [[2014]], katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Kimataifa cha Durban (ICC Arena). Tuzo hizo zilirushwa moja kwa moja Afrika kote kwenye MTV Base na MTV. Sherehe hiyo ilidhaminiwa na Mkoa wa KwaZulu-Natal, Absolut na Jiji la Durban.<ref>http://mg.co.za/article/2014-03-21-mtv-africa-music-awards-returns-after-three-year-break</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/mtv-africa-music-awards-come-to-sa/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2014-04-17 |archive-date=2014-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418234142/http://www.jacarandafm.com/post/mtv-africa-music-awards-come-to-sa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201403210393.html</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201403210393.html</ref> Kipindi hicho kiliandaliwa na mchekeshaji wa Marekani na mwigizaji Marlon Wayans.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-host-revealed |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008190959/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-host-revealed }}</ref>Sherehe hiyo ilikuwa na maonyesho kutoka kwa wasanii kama Miguel, Trey Songz, Flavour N'abania, French Montana, Tiwa Savage, Davido, Mafikizolo, Uhuru, Oskido, Profesa, Diamond Platnumz, Phyno, Yuri Da Cunha, Sauti Sol, Sarkodie, Ice Prince, The Arrows, Khuli Chana, Dr SID, Fally Ipupa, Michael Lowman, Don Jazzy, DJ Clock, Beatenberg, DJ Kent, Big Nuz, Toofan, D'Banj, DJ Vigi, DJ Tira, DJ Buckz, na Burna Boy<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-performers-03062014/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007120829/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-performers-03062014/ }}</ref><ref>http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/05/21/miguel-tiwa-savage-davido-flavour-to-perform-at-the-2014-mamas/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/the-2014-mama-line-up-just-got-even-better/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008191225/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/the-2014-mama-line-up-just-got-even-better/ }}</ref>.27 Mei 2014, wateule wa Tuzo la Uongozi wa MTV Base .walitangazwa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-leadership-nominees-have-their-say/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-10-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008190731/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/mtv-base-leadership-nominees-have-their-say/ }}</ref> Mei 28, MTV Base ilifunua Drake, Beyoncé, Rihanna, Pharrell Williams, na Miley Cyrus kama wateule wa kitengo cha Sheria Bora ya Kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-best-international-nominees-revealed/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archivedate=2014-11-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115111819/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-best-international-nominees-revealed/ }}</ref> Davido na Mafikizolo walipokea uteuzi zaidi ya mara nne kila mmoja. Mi Casa na P-Square walipokea uteuzi mara tatu. Diamond Platnumz na Wizkid waliteuliwa mara mbili kwa ushirikiano bora wa kiume.
Marlon Wayans alivaa rickshaw ya shanga, na alishangiliwa na umati. Katika tukio hilo, aliigiza mwandishi wa habari wa Marekani ambaye alibagua talanta za Kiafrika wakati wa mahojiano. Mafikizolo alishinda mataji mawili na kuimba wimbo wao wa 'Khona', pamoja na Flavour N'abania, Sauti Sol, na Fally Ipupa.Davido alichukua tuzo mbili kwa Msanii Bora wakiume . Tiwa Savage aliwang'oa Efya, Chidinma, Arielle T, na DJ C'ndo kwa tuzo ya mwanamke bora.Msanii wa nyimbo za Afro-soul Simphiwe Dana alitoa heshima za mwisho kwa marehemu Nelson Mandela kwa kutumbuiza mbele ya mchoro mkubwa wa video uliobuniwa na Transform Today mteule Rasty.Utekaji nyara wa wasichana wa shule ya Nigeria pia ulishughulikiwa wakati wa sherehe hiyo. Ladysmith Black Mambazo alipokea makofi makubwa kwa kufanya "Acappello" na "Y-tjukutja". Lupita Nyong'o alishinda tuzo ya Utu wa Mwaka; Kanda ya video ya hotuba yake ya kukubali ilirushwa wakati wa sherehe hiyo. Wanamuziki wa Marekani Miguel, French Montana, na Trey Songz waliimba nyimbo zao.Wageni mashuhuri waliohudhuria hafla hiyo ni pamoja na Khloé Kardashian, D'Banj, Nomzamo Mbatha, Goldfish, DJ Fresh, John Vlismas, Kajal Bagwandeen, Emmanuel Adebayor, Wema Sepetu, Minnie Dlamini, Sizwe Dhlomo, Dorcas Shola Fapson, DJ C'ndo, Efya na Riaad Moosa.<ref>http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6113980/davido-and-tiwa-savage-top-winners-at-mtv-africa-music-awards-marlon-wayans</ref><ref>http://www.channel24.co.za/Music/News/Mafikizolo-magic-at-MTV-Africa-Music-Awards-20140608</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/06/08/watch-highlights-2014-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-full-list-winners/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026190209/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2014/06/08/watch-highlights-2014-mtv-africa-music-awards-mama-full-list-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref><nowiki>http://www.greedysouth.co.zw/2014/06/mtv-africa-music-awards.html</nowiki></ref>
BET International ilizindua show hiyo mnamo Juni 12. Kipindi hicho kilitangazwa kimataifa katika majira ya joto ya 2014<ref>http://www.greedysouth.co.zw/2014/06/mtv-africa-music-awards.html</ref>
== Maamuzi ya uteuzi ==
sherehe za uteuzi zilifanyika Sands Johannesburg. Uteuzi ulitangazwa na Nomuzi Mabena, Sizwe Dhlomo, Alex Okosi, Tim Horwood, na Shirley Mabiletja.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]]
[[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]]
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[[Faili:Vicky Longomba.jpg|thumb|Vicky Longomba mwaka 1960]]
'''Victor Longomba Besange Lokuli,''' anayejulikana kwa jina la '''''Vicky Longomba'''''. ([[13 Desemba]] [[1932]] – [[12 Machi]] [[1988]] huko [[Kinshasa]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Congolite/music|url=http://www.congolite.ca/music21.htm|work=web.archive.org|date=2013-11-07|accessdate=2022-05-07|archivedate=2013-11-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107022515/http://www.congolite.ca/music21.htm}}</ref> ) alikuwa [[mwimbaji]] na mwanachama mwanzilishi wa Tout puissant OK Jazz, kikundi cha rumba cha [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo.]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mawalkingradio.com/celebrating-the-music-legacy-of-vicky-longomba/|title=Celebrating the Musical Legacy of Vicky Longomba|website=mawalkingradio.com|date=13 August 2024|access-date=26 April 2025|archive-date=2025-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007105632/https://mawalkingradio.com/celebrating-the-music-legacy-of-vicky-longomba/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/franco/en_US|title=Franco|work=National Geographic World Music|access-date=21 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110103082046/http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/view/page.basic/artist/content.artist/franco/en_US|archive-date=3 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoworl00simo|title=World Music. Africa, Europe and the Middle East. An A-Z of the Music, Musicians and Discs|last=Broughton|first=Simon|last2=Ellingham|first2=Mark|last3=Trillo|first3=Richard|publisher=[[Rough Guides]]|year=1999|isbn=1858286352|url-access=registration}}</ref>
Baadaye alianzisha kundi lake la Lovy du Zaire.<ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Diop|first=Jeannot ne Nzau|date=19 March 2005|title=Congo-Kinshasa: Il y a 17 ans mourait Vicky Longomba Besange|trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Vicky Longomba Besange died 17 years ago|url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200503210081.html|access-date=9 October 2024|work=[[Le Potentiel]]|language=fr|publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref>
Alikuwa babake Lovy Longomba (mwanachama wa [[Super Mazembe]]) na [[Awilo Longomba]], wote wanamuziki maarufu.<ref name="Congolite">{{cite web|date=7 November 2013|title=Hommage à Vicky Longomba Besange Lokuli|url=http://www.congolite.ca/music21.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107022515/http://www.congolite.ca/music21.htm|archive-date=7 November 2013|access-date=21 November 2021|work=Congolite}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{mbegu-igiza-filamu}}
[[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]]
[[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za muziki wa Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 1988]]
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Wilfrido
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[[Picha:Artista_toscano,_walfredo_della_gherardesca_rinuncia_le_armi_per_diventare_religioso,_anni_1909,_donato_da_giuseppe_della_gherardesca_01.jpg|thumb|Mt. Wilfrido akiacha [[jeshi]] awe [[mtawa]].]]
'''Wilfrido''' (pia: '''Walfredo''' au '''Galfrido'''; [[Pisa]], [[Toscana]], [[karne ya 7]] - Monteverdi Marittimo, Pisa, [[15 Februari]] [[756]]) alikuwa [[Kiongozi|mtawala]] wa [[kabila]] la [[Walombardi]] akawa [[mmonaki]] wa [[Toscana]], [[Italia ya Kati]] aliyeanzisha [[monasteri]] mbili baada ya kuishi katika [[ndoa]] na kuzaa [[Mtoto|watoto]] watano<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91069</ref>.
Baada ya kuongoza miaka 10, alipofariki, mmojawao aliyekuwa [[Upadri|padri]] akawa [[mwandamizi]] wake.
Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Papa Pius IX]] alithibitisha [[heshima]] hiyo [[mwaka]] [[1861]].
[[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>.
==Tazama pia==
*[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]]
*[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]]
==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}
==Marejeo ya Kiswahili==
* John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 55-56
* Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 49
== Marejeo ya lugha nyingine==
* Alban Butler, Il primo grande dizionario dei santi secondo il calendario, edizioni Piemme, 2001.
* Emanuele Repetti, Dizionario Geografico Fisico della Toscana, Firenzelibri (collana Memorie italiane. Studi e testi), 2005.
* Lodovico Antonio Muratori, Dissertazioni sopra le antichità italiane Volume 5
* Ugolino della Gherardesca, "I della Gherardesca, dai Longobardi alle soglie del 2.000", Edizioni ETS, 1995.
==Viungo vya nje==
* http://www.dellagherardesca.org/gherardesca_opere.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.dellagherardesca.org/gherardesca_opere.html |date=20221209070040 }}
{{mbegu-Mkristo}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa karne ya 7]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 756]]
[[Jamii:wamonaki]]
[[Jamii:Wabenedikto]]
[[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]]
[[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]]
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Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle
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/* Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ mjadala mpya
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{{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:58, 21 Mei 2023 (UTC)
:Ndugu, legeza mwendo ili kuunda makala za kueleweka zaidi, la sivyo itanibidi kukusimamisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:34, 7 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
::Mbona husikii? Umeandika Oleksii Shliakotin ameolewa na mwanamke. Kweli? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:52, 8 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
::kweli kabisa nimepitia makala zako @[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ulichoandika hakieleweki rekebisha makala zako kwanza na uhakikishe unachoandika kinaeleweka amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 14:10, 8 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
:::Sawa wakuu tatzo nadharia ya watanzania tunajua kwamba wanawake ndio wanaoa wanaume...
:::thanks i will do my best @[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]]@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]]@[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:16, 9 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
:::Makosa madogo tyu Account inablokiwa mwaka mzma, angalau ni bora kusema ni kosa gani nimefanya maana hata nkitazama ni makosa madogo ambayo narudia kila sku kuyarekebisha...
:::But Thanks Makala chache zmenfungia account yenye makala zaid ya 700...
:::Nittasubiria Tu Sku Ikufunguka Inshaallah
:::#Wikimedia #Wikimedia #wikimedia
:::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
Ndugu, kwanza tunajiuliza kama wewe unajua lugha yetu au la. Halafu, ulipoonywa na wakabidhi wawili na kufungiwa siku tatu, walau ungerekebisha makala zako za awali. Kumbe, umeanza upya vilevile. Afadhali uahidi kupitia upya makala hizo 700 ili tukufungulie. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:32, 20 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
:Asante ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Naomba Nifunguliwe nifanye marekebisho makala zote kuanzia ya mwisho hizo za juzi na nyinginezo nyingi..
: Na naweka ahadi sitachapicha makala nyingine hadi nifanye marekebisho hayo na kujifunza zaidi.
:Amani kwako @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:52, 20 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
==Legeza mwendo!==
Ndugu, tafadhali, usitafsiri harakaharaka. Unanipa kazi kubwa kurekebisha makosa yako. Naomba kabla hujaendelea upitie makala za leo jinsi nilivyosahihisha ili ufanye vizuri zaidi. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:29, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:Shukrani Sana Nalifanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:Asante sanaaa Naona Vingi navyokosea ni viungo Natumaini Umenipa viungo viungo vingi ntakavyovitumia, Pamoja na makosa madogo madogo, ntayafanyia kazi kwa ufasaha '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:24, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
==LGBT==
Ndugu, sijui kama ni vizuri kutunga makala juu ya watetezi wa ushoga wakati kuna watu maarufu duniani ambao Wikipedia yetu haina nakala juu yako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:45, 18 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:Ndio Mimi enyewe sikuwa napenda kuanzisha makala hizo lakini juu ya list ya articles ambazo baadhi yake zpo kwenye Africa Wiki Challenge nazo Zimo Sasa nmeanzisha makala hzo kwa nia ya Kawaida ya uanzishaji wa makala na uendelezaji baadhi ya makala za wikipedia sasa labda sikutambua hili
:Naomba samahan kwa hilo na pia ingependeza zaidi bas makala hizo ziwe reversed zifutwe tu.
:Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 18 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:Hakuna samahani, wala hakuna haja ya kufuta makala hizo. Ila afadhali uwashirikishe walioandaa orodha hiyo kwa Africa Wiki Challenge, ambao sijui ni nani. Amani kwako pia! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 18 Juni 2024 (UTC)
::Shukran Sanaa '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:48, 18 Juni 2024 (UTC)
== Jedwali la lugha ==
Hujambo?
Hujaweka Kiingereza unaelewa kwa kiasi gani. Hata kama Kichina unajua weka pia! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''</sub></font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]] 14:15, 25 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:sawa sawa nalifanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:17, 25 Juni 2024 (UTC)
==Makala mpya==
Kama kawaida, nakuomba uangalie nilivyosahihisha baadhi ya kazi zako ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:09, 29 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:Asante sana nitarekebisha na kuboresha zaidi.
:Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:55, 29 Julai 2024 (UTC)
::Vilevile. Unachanganya mabara: Marekani si Ulaya. Unachanganya vigezo vya mbegu: wanamuziki si wanasayansi, n.k. Uwe makini zaidi, tafadhali!!! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:20, 7 Agosti 2024 (UTC)
:::Asante sana @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nimejaribu kupitia marekebisho uliyonifanyia kwenye baadhi ya makala zangu ntajitahidi kuboresha vigezo.
:::Amani Kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:24, 7 Agosti 2024 (UTC)
:Angalia tena: kwa kabila la Waturoni umetumia <nowiki>[[jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Marekani]]</nowiki>! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:56, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC)
::asante sana ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nimeona hilo.
::Napitia makala zangu za karibuni kwa ufasaha zaidi.
::Amani kwako! '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:12, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC)
==Kupitia masahihisho==
Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako. Maendeleo yapo, ila naomba upitie mabadiliko ya makala zako kwa sababu unarudiarudia makosa yaleyale nami nalazimika kurudiarudia masahihisho yaleyale. Ningekuwa na muda zaidi ningeboresha zaidi lakini naishia kufanya yaliyo muhimu zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:07, 17 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
:Asante ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nimepitia maangalizi nimeona msaada wako mkubwa katika masahihisho, nitalifanyia kazi kwa ufasaha zaidi.
:Amani kwako.! '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:01, 18 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
::Ndugu, unatunga makala kwa dakika moja... ndiyo sababu kuna shida kama kuandika jamii:watu wa Ulaya badala ya jamii:watu wa Uturuki. Harakaharaka haina baraka! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:46, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Asante ndugu nimeelewa ntazidi pitia marekebisho..
:::labda sikuelewa maana naedit makala kupitia makala mbegu watu wa Ulaya
:::amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:02, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC)
== Follow-Up: Support for Feminism and Folklore 2025 Contributions ==
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Dear {{PAGENAME}},
I hope this message finds you well.
We noticed that your community has signed up for the [[meta:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore Writing Contest]], but there have been only a few contributions submitted via the [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ Campwiz tool] so far. We completely understand that challenges may arise, and we’d love to support you and your participants in streamlining the submission process.
To assist your community, here’s a step-by-step guide to adding articles to the campaign. Feel free to share these instructions with your participants:
=== How to Submit Articles via Campwiz ===
'''Tool link:''' https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/
# Access the Tool
#* Visit Campwiz and log in with your Wikimedia account (same as your Wikipedia credentials).
# Select the Campaign
#* Scroll through the list of campaigns and click on your campaign.
# Add Your Article
#* Click on "'''+ SUBMIT NEW ARTICLE'''" button.
#* Enter the exact title of your article in the “Tiltle” field.
#* Click on "'''CHECK'''" button.
#* If you have more articles to submit, click on the '''"SUBMIT ANOTHER"''' button.
# Check your submissions.
#* To check if your submissions went through please click on the '''"DETAILS"''' button
#* Click on the '''SUBMISSIONS''' Button to see the list of your submissions.
=== Need Help? ===
* Technical issues?
Ensure article titles are spelled correctly and meet the campaign’s theme (feminism, folklore, or gender-related topics).
* Eligibility questions?
New articles must follow Wikipedia’s notability guidelines.
* Still stuck?
Send an email to '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''! You can also reach out on the campaign’s Talk page.
Your commitment to amplifying untold gendered narratives in folklore is invaluable, and we’re excited to see your community’s contributions come to life. Let’s work together to make this campaign a success!
Looking forward to your response,
Best regards,<br>
Stella<br>
Feminism and Folklore Organizer
-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 07:29, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
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==Personal evaluation of the contest==
@[[User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie]] I think it was the worst contest in the whole history of Swahili Wikipedia. It has added only bad machine translations of many very little important person, known only by the English edition. We are working hard only to add the template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> to each of such articles, hoping someone would translate again the more than 2,000 pages created or simply delete them. Why don't you help us to get quality articles about people who has articles in at least 20 foreign editions? Why do you accept requests of participating by people who has not responsibility in our Wikipedia? We sysops are burdened by such waste products, without any previous information. Please! Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:22, 10 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] for any issues, feedbacks, clarifications or anything regarding to Feminism and Folklore please send your requests to support@wikilovesfolklore.org in order for it to be addressed properly.
:<br>
:Thank you. <br> '''[[Mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|majadiliano]])''' 13:01, 10 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] Riccardo has a point. So many articles have been translated by machine. No proofreading before publishing. We don't even know the source of all these recently editathons. I think we should initiate a very harsh rules to machine translated contents. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 06:26, 11 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]], this has to be implemented from the Swahili Wikipedia side of things. That is the only way to get these issues minimised. Also a quick one, I know there are some variations of swahili across the East African region. So which of these variations is an accepted swahili on swahili wikipedia. Also, in Kenya and Tanzania there are some variations to the swahili language on the street and academia as well. So which one of the swahili is recognised as swahili on Swahili Wikipedia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|majadiliano]])''' 10:57, 11 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
:::@[[User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie]], yes there are different dialects, but only one Standard Swahili, based on Unguja dialect. The pages producted by machines don't follow any dialect. They are ridicule translation only. For example, bishop was translated rice! These users don't care about it, for they are contributing new articles (apparently OK) only to get the prize, and the organizers do seek money only. They themselves cannot produce good articles. how can they instruct others? Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:23, 11 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
::::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], I understand you. Its best to develop a bot to address these issues of machine translations on swahili wikipedia. But you will have to take into consideration of the bot's accuracy when it comes to automating certain tasks to address this issue.
::::These can be taken into consideration when developing the bot for swahili wikipedia side of things;
:::::# Its detection accuracy. <br>
:::::# Nominating articles for Deletion.<br>
:::::# Adding Templates eg.Cleanup-translation,Rough translation,Tafsiri mbovu.<br>
:::::# Wikipedias standard policies and guidelines. <br>
:::::# The swahili wikipedia community's consensus.<br><br>
::::'''[[Mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|majadiliano]])''' 17:02, 11 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
:::::@[[Mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] Looks like great idea. Do you have that capability to create a bot for us? Or perhaps you know somebody who can do it? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 20:34, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
::::::@[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]], currently i will not be able to work and maintain the bot. So i will suggest you put a request in the Wikimeida Hackathon telegram group. Someone there would definitely like to pick up this task by filing for a phabricator task and assign to himself or herself. '''[[Mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|majadiliano]])''' 12:56, 20 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
@[[User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie]] today I have ended my long work of visiting all the pages created in this contest. I could not edit their too many mistakes, but only a few. This is why I have not removed the label "page to be patrolled". They do need too much time. I have approved only a few of them after my less rapid editing because I have retained the matter is important. I ask [[user:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] and his friends to radically review all the pages. Moreover I think no page or contributor has to be rewarded for his/her work, simply because all of them failed to do what required: don't translate by using machine! Nobody did so. Nobody at all! Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:59, 20 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
:@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], Sure I am definitely going to communicate that to the WLF International Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|Joris Darlington Quarshie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Joris Darlington Quarshie|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 20 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
== Feminism and Folklore 2025 Jury Evaluation Guidelines & Results Submission ==
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Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Thank you once again for your commitment and dedication to the [[meta:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]] campaign!
As we near the conclusion of this year’s contest, please follow the official jury guidelines when evaluating submissions:
===Jury Guidelines:===
* Articles must be created or expanded between 1st February and 31st March 2025.
* Minimum article size: 3000 bytes and at least 300 words.
* No poor or machine-translated content.
* Articles must align with the Feminism and Folklore themes (feminism, gender, culture, folklore).
* Articles should not be orphaned – they must be linked to at least one other article.
* Submissions must not violate copyright rules and should follow local notability guidelines.
* All articles must include proper references according to your local Wikipedia’s citation policies.
* Once your local jury process is complete, kindly submit only the top 3 winners on the official results page:
===Submission Link:===
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results
Please include the following for each winner:
* Username
* Link to the local user talkpage
* Their ranking (1st, 2nd, or 3rd)
For more information, you can also refer to the main contest page:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025
If you need help or have any questions, feel free to reach out.
Warm regards, <br>
Stella Sessy Agbley<br>
Coordinator, Feminism and Folklore
-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:48, 10 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) ==
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Dear {{PAGENAME}},
You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation | Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu.
=== Objectives ===
* '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives.
* '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens.
* '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices.
* '''Advocacy & Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities.
=== Details ===
* '''Date:''' 30th April 2025
* '''Day:''' Wednesday
* '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone])
* '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom)
* '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda & Community Engagement Director)
=== How to Join ===
* '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here]
* '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825
* '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025
* '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] ''''
=== Agenda ===
# Welcome & Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call.
# Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives.
# Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries.
# Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups.
# Q&A & Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps.
# Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions.
We look forward to seeing you there!
Best regards,<br>
Stella<br>
Feminism and Folklore Organiser
-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Machine Translated Articles ==
Ndugu, unapotafsiri makala, tafadhali hakikisha unapitia na kurekebisha makosa kabla ya kuchapisha. Natumaini wewe ni mzungumzaji mzuri wa kiswahili, je sentensi hii ilikua inamaanisha nin? ''Alipatikana akiwa amekufa tarehe 18 Machi 2010 katika nyumba iliyotolewa kwake na serikali, '''akiwa amejipiga kisasi kwa kujinyonga'''.'' Kumekuwa na malalamiko juu ya uchapishaji wa moja kwa moja wa makala za kutafsiriwa bila kuzifanyia marekebisho, sio sawa na hili ni onyo!. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 13:05, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:Asante Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]]Lakini Nikitazama makala zangu sijajua ni makala gani hiyo?
:na kwa upande mwingine kuna makala mbalimbali najaribu kuzisahihisha, sio zangu lakini ni mojawapo wa project tuko nayo sahivi.
:Amani Kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:38, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]]Ningependa Kujua ni makala gani hyo
::Amani Kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:42, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:::Ndugu, je, kwako herufi kubwa hazina maana? Legeza mwendo, uwe makini zaidi, tafadhali!!! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:27, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::::Asante Npo Makini Kwa Hilo @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:34, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:::::Si sana. Angalia makala ulizoanzisha leo halafu uhesabu nimeweka herufi kubwa ngapi mahali pake. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:40, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::::::Asante Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Nitapitia Zote kwa umakini Zaidi
::::::Amani Kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:45, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:::[[Erdoğan Büyükkasap]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 16:30, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::::Asante sana Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:37, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:::::Jitahidi kupitia makala zaidi ya mara moja kabla ya kuchapisha. au andika katika sanduku za mazoezi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 16:41, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::::::Asante Sana Shukrani @[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:44, 14 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:::::::@[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]]@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Masahihisho Katika Kurasa mbili Tofauti "Kilimani Sesame" na "ufuta wa Kilimani" Naomba Kurasa Yenye Kichwa cha habari "Ufuta wa Kilimani" Uondolowe, Nimechanganya Vichwa vya Kurasa
:::::::Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:52, 29 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Poa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 11:55, 29 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:::::::::Ndugu, tafadhali, rekebisha makala zako hivi: <nowiki>{{mbegu-mtu}}</nowiki> iwe baada ya <nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki>. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:28, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Asante Sana @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:32, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Pia jamii sahihi ni <nowiki>[[jamii:watu walio hai]]</nowiki>, si <nowiki>[[jamii:waliohai]]</nowiki>. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:23, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::Asante sana Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]]
::::::::::::Nafanyia marekebisho kote '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Kumbe umerekebisha chache, imenibidi kufanya mimi. Pia nimeona katika haraka yako unatunga makala bila marejeo yoyote. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:59, 16 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Asante Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]]
::::::::::::::Ninafanya Zote taratibu sababu ninazo list ya makala zote, Ntahakikisha kila moja itakaa sawa.
::::::::::::::Juu ya swala la Marejeo makala nyingne hazina marejeo kwenye maelezo husika, ntarejelea zote na kuziweka sawa
::::::::::::::Amani Kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:02, 16 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Ndugu, ukiendelea kutunga makala kila baada ya dakika mbili itanibidi kukuzuia kidogo, maana hujali kabisa ubora, kwa mfano unachanganya Uthai na Indonesia! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:22, 17 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::::::Asante sana @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]]Ntaangalia hilo '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:26, 17 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::::Asante kwa marekebisho mazuri ya jamii na mbegu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] '''[[Mtumiaji:AlvinDulle|AlvinDulle]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlvinDulle#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:35, 17 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
== Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C ==
<section begin="announcement-content" />
Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa.
-- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" />
[[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:14, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC)
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== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.
As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.
As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.
'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!
Best regards,
Feminism and Folklore international Team.
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 18 Juni 2026 (UTC)
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{{Karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 21 Mei 2023 (UTC)
== Jamii ==
Ndugu, katika kupunguza maneno ya makala, usiondoe kirahisi jamii hai, hasa zilizo sahihi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:18, 29 Mei 2023 (UTC)
:sawa boss nmekuelewa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
== Tafsiri Kompyuta ==
Ndugu nmejaribu kupitia makala zako, epuka kutumia tafsiri kompyuta katika uandishi ,jitahidi kumuelewesha msomaji na sio kuandika tu ili uhariri.
Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
:sawa broh ntatizama ilo tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:41, 1 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
::Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 09:36, 2 Novemba 2023 (UTC)
==Michezo==
Ndugu, sasa umekazania michezo, nadhani u shabiki wa Simba. Ukiweka kigezo cha mbegu na jamii, angalia kama neno michezo inafaa kweli, kwa sababu ukimzungumzia mchezaji wa mpira, ni mtu, si mchezo. Hata ukisoma lebo inayotokea, utaona kwamba haifai. Weka <nowiki>{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}</nowiki> na <nowiki>jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Tanzania</nowiki> (au wa nchi nyingine). Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:45, 23 Machi 2024 (UTC)
:shukran mkuu ntalifanyia kazi ili kuanzia sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC)
::Ndugu kuwa makini na maelekezo unayopata. usiende haraka punguza mwendo amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC)
:Sawa, pia angalia usianzishe makala kwa jina la Kiingereza, maana pengine zipo tayari kwa jina la Kiswahili kama mildfielder na forward. Tena, usitumie kama rejesho yale ya Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC)
::Nmeiona Boss, kwavile mimi bdo mchanga maoni yenu n muhimu ili niwe imara zaidi kwenye kuchangia Wikipedia in Swahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 25 Machi 2024 (UTC)
==Zingatia Maelekezo na mashauri==
Ndugu habari, naona umekua ukipewa maelekeo ya kufuata unapuuza na kuto kufanyia kazi. Vile vile umeambiwa marekebisho kadha hujarejea kufanya hiv. '''Nakupa onyo''' laasivyo utafungiwa. Pole na shida zangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 20:24, 12 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
:ningeomba msaada zaidi kwa ili maana nakumbuka makala za wachezaji zile na mbegu zake nlitafta upya na kuzipitia teena sasa sjajua ttizolangu lipo wapi apa maana mimi kweli sio kwamba nimkubwa ivyo kwenye uchangiaji sasa bila support yenu na kunielekeza nimekosea wapi stofika popote, ningeomba tuu unelekeze wapi nmekosea ili nsirudie makosa tena, atakama nkikosea bs mnielekeze ili baadae nije kua mzuri zaidi kwenye ku edit makala na kwa ufanisi zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:00, 13 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
== Viungo vya ndani ==
Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] Hakikisha ukiweka kiungo cha ndani kwa mfano [[2024]], kama kuna mwaka kama huo kwenye iyo makala usiweke tena [[2024]]. kuwa makini na unachokiandika. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 21:35, 14 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
:Ahsante mkuu kwa ushauri wako nimelihifadhi hilo na nitaendelea pia kulifanyia kazi lisijitokeze tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:30, 15 Aprili 2024 (UTC)
==Legeza mwendo!==
Ndugu, tafadhali, usitafsiri harakaharaka. Unanipa kazi kubwa kurekebisha makosa yako. Naomba kabla hujaendelea upitie makala za leo jinsi nilivyosahihisha ili ufanye vizuri zaidi. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:ahsante mkuu nitalifanyia kazi ilo iwezekanavyo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:na pia ningeomba uniambie makala ipi ulio ipitia ili nijue kwa urahisi zaidi, labda sina uzoefu sana nashindwa kutambua makala zilizo editiwa na kufanyiwa maboresho ambazo nimeziandaa teyar, samahani kwa ili apa mkuu ningeomba unisaidie kwa ilo apo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:14, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:nimejaribukupitia mwenyewe nimeona mkuu makala ulizozi edit kwenye ukurasa wamaangalizi na pia nimeshaa jua ni nininilichopaswa kukifanya, hilonimelizingatia vizuri na ata makala zijazo nitalitilia mkazo zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:17, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
:majina ya makala niliyaachakwa Lugha ya kiingereza, hili apa ndo kubwa nililolijua kua haikupaswa ivyo ntazidi kuboresha makala nitakazo endelea nazo mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:21, 10 Juni 2024 (UTC)
== [[GPT-4]] ==
Ndugu, makala hii umetumia mashine kutafsiri. Hebu iboreshe kidogo angalau ile tone ya kiroboti iondoke. Pia, usitumie neno roboti badala yake, utumie AKILI MNEMBA. Maana kinachofanyika ndani yake ni zaidi ya roboti. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''</sub></font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]] 13:22, 2 Julai 2024 (UTC)
:Sawa mkuu nalirejea ilo '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:30, 25 Julai 2024 (UTC)
==Kuboresha==
:Ndugu, angalia masahihisho yangu ya makala zako juu ya wachezaji mpira ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC)
::Nimeona mkuu kwenye Jamii pale umensaidia kuongeza ni Watu walio Hai, tofauti na mimi nlikua nkiweka Waliohai, nimelizingatia ili mkuu ama kama kuna mabadiliko mengine naomba unambie mkuu ili niweze kuwa imara zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:40, 6 Agosti 2024 (UTC)
:::Ndugu, naona juhudi na maendeleo yako. Hata hivyo uendelee kuangalia marekebisho yangu ili kuboresha kazi yako zaidi na zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:35, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
::::Ahsante mkuu kwa uangalizi wa karibu zaidi nitaendelea kuboresha zaidi kupitia uangalizi wako mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:41, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC)
== Long Vowels ==
The: aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, they are NOT to be conflated. '''[[Mtumiaji:Talman Talman|Talman Talman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Talman Talman|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
Application of [[w:en:Great Vowel Shift]] to ARABIC is very wrong. [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-29515|~2024-29515]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2024-29515|talk]]) 14:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
== FAKE INTERWIKI ==
IPs are correcting you: [[wikidata:Special:Contributions/101.109.102.6]] You are mistaking PEOPLE for ACTION. [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-29579|~2024-29579]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2024-29579|talk]]) 18:55, 19 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
==Mabano ya mwanzo==
Ndugu, naona umeongeza maneno "tarehe" na "mwaka" katika mabano ya mwanzo, kumbe humo taarifa inatakiwa kutolewa kwa ufupi, si kama sentensi zinazofuata. Naomba urudishe mwenyewe mabadilisho hayo kwa sababu mimi nina kazi nyingi tayari. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:19, 15 Januari 2025 (UTC)
== [[Bumble]] ==
Makala ya mashine.
Nimesoma sijaelewa. Hebu iboreshe kibadamu. Mfano, kupiga kushoto au kulia ni nini? Ielezee katika muundo wa tendo rahisi hata mtu ambaye haitumii aelewe. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 14:11, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC)
== [[Tanbihi]] - I moja ==
Tanbihi - "I" '''MOJA''' [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-50774|~2025-50774]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-50774|talk]]) 17:10, 30 Aprili 2025 (UTC)
[[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-34513-89|~2025-34513-89]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-34513-89|talk]]) 08:29, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC)
== Makala fupi sana ==
Ndugu hongera kwa kujitahidi kurekebisha makala, naomba uzifanye ziwe ndefu kidogo, zionyeshe umuhimu wa kuwepo kwenye kiswahili.Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 14:57, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
:Ahsante mkuu, ntajitaidi kwailo mkuu ziwe ndefu zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC)
::Ndugu, unajitahidi kweli, lakini bado kuna makosa mbalimbali, hasa upande wa jamii. Naomba upitie masahihisho niliyofanya leo katika makala zako ili usirudierudie mapungufu yaleyale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:::Ahsante mkuu nalifanyia kazi ilo sasaivi apa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 8 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
::::Sasa unaweka jamii nyingi mno!!! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:50, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:::::Nitajaribu kuweka mkuu zinazohisuka sana na zisizo beba vitu viingi, yaani ntajaribu kuweke za wastani sio saana '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:56, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
::::::Hii ni baada ya kujaribu kupitia jamii nyiingi ili makosa yangu yasiendelee kujirudia mkuu na kuweka jamii zisizo hitajika katika makla husika '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:57, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:::::::Ndugu, sitachoka kukuomba utazame masahihisho yangu ili usirudie makosa yaleyale. Nina kazi nyingi, sihitaji kupotezewa muda... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:05, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Sawa mku ntajaribu kupitia tena boss nsiendelee kurudia makosa nayoyarudia tena mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:09, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
== Marejeo ==
Usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja! [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-34674-59|~2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:36, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC)
:Sawa mkuu nmeelewa ntafanya ivyo kama ulivyo nielekeza '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:39, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC)
[[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-34674-59|~2025-34674-59]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-34674-59|talk]]) 20:48, 18 Novemba 2025 (UTC)
==Mbegu==
Ndugu, nazidi kukupongeza kwa juhudi zako, ila usichoke kujifunza kwa kuangalia masahihisho ninayofanya katika makala zako. Kwa mfano, kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-igiza-filamu}}</nowiki> si kwa ajili ya watu wote, hata kama ni wasanii. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC)
:Sawa mkuu na nashukuru pia kwa uangalizi wako chini yangu na sitochoka kurudia nitizame ninapotakiwa kupaboresha zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:16, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC)
==Editathon==
Kama kawaida, mnaletewa makala ambazo zinalenga kutetea ushoga. Kweli zinahitajika kwetu? Kabla ya kutafsiri, msome zinasema nini. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC)
:sawa mkuu nimeelewa na haitojirudia tena kwani nitakua maakini zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:21, 12 Desemba 2025 (UTC)
== Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C ==
<section begin="announcement-content" />
Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa.
-- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" />
[[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC)
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==Shule==
Ndugu, naona leo unashughulikia shule, lakini nyingi hazistahili kuwepo katika kamusi elezo, ila mojamoja iliyo muhimu kihistoria. Ukiendelea itakuwa kazi bure, makala zitafutwa. Pole na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:14, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC)
:Nimeelewa mkuu, ila kwa mtazamo wangu ni mojawapo ya huduma za Kijamii tena zinazotoa huduma kubwa za kielimu katika jamii husika, ningependa kujua pia kwanini iwe ivyo ama kuna vigezo gani vya kufikia ili makala kama izi zibakie Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kama kuendeleza maeneo muhimu ya kijamii '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 17:33, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC)
::Ndugu, encyclopaedia ni tofauti na directory. Hizi shule zinaweza kutambulishwa katika directory, lakini encyclopaedia ni kamusi elezo kuhusu mada zenye uzito katika ujuzi wetu unaotusaidia kuelewa ulimwengu na maisha yetu ndani yake. Mimi mwenyewe naendesha sekondari 4 Morogoro, lakini mwanafunzi wangu mmoja alipotunga makala juu ya mojawapo, ilifutwa na marehemu Kipala, wala sikulalamika. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC)
:::nhaa sawa mkuu apo nimeelewa vizuri na ahsante pia kwa ushauri '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:42, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC)
== Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''.
Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world.
=== Appreciation Form ===
As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''.
'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
; Deadline
: 22 June 2026
Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process.
=== Thank you ===
We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world.
Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community.
— ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
</div>
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC)
:Dear Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team,
:Thank you very much for your email and for recognizing my contributions to the Feminism and Folklore 2026 campaign. I am truly honored and grateful to be included among the Top Global Winners.
:I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the organizing team for creating such an impactful campaign that promotes knowledge sharing and cultural representation across Wikimedia projects. It has been a privilege to participate and contribute to this important initiative.
:I have one question regarding the award announcement. While I am delighted to learn that I am among the Top Global Winners, I could not find information about my specific ranking or position in the results. Since the appreciation form includes a section asking whether the participant was 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or another position, I would be grateful if you could kindly clarify my ranking.
:Thank you once again for this recognition. I look forward to your response and to continuing to contribute to Wikimedia projects in the future. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:19, 9 Juni 2026 (UTC)
<!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 -->
== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.
As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.
As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.
'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!
Best regards,
Feminism and Folklore international Team.
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 18 Juni 2026 (UTC)
</div>
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Yassine Akkouche
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{{Infobox football biography
| jina = Yassine Akkouche
| picha =
| maelezo =
| jina kamili = Yassine Akkouche
| tarehe_za_uzali = {{Tarehe ya kuzaliwa na umri|1984|7|28|mf=yes}}
| mahala_pa_uzaliwa = [[Akbou]], Algeria
| urefu =
| nafasi = [[Forward (association football)|Mshambuliaji]]
| klabu_hisaasa = [[CA Bordj Bou Arréridj]]
| nambari_ya_klabu =
| miaka_ya_ujana =
| klabu_ya_ujana =
| miaka1 = 2008–2009
| klabu1 = ORB Akbou
| mechi1 = 30
| mabao1 = 25
| miaka2 = 2009–2010
| klabu2 = [[JS Kabylie]]
| mechi2 = 22
| mabao2 = 3
| miaka3 = 2010–2011
| klabu3 = [[MC Saïda]]
| mechi3 = 22
| mabao3 = 5
| miaka4 = 2011–
| klabu4 = [[CA Bordj Bou Arréridj]]
| mechi4 = 0
| mabao4 = 0
| sasisho_la_klabu = 00:00, 23 Agosti 2011 (UTC)
}}
'''Yassine Akkouche''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Yacine Akkouche''', (amezaliwa Julai 28, 1984) ni mchezaji wa [[soka]] wa Algeria. Kwa sasa anacheza kama [[Forward (association football)|mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya [[CA Bordj Bou Arréridj]] katika [[Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=1844&saison_id=15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122012855/http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=1844&saison_id=15|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 22, 2013|title=Football Algérien |website=DZFOOT.COM}} </ref>
== Kazi ==
Mwaka wa 2009 msimu wa kiangazi, Akkouche alihamia [[JS Kabylie]] kutoka ORB Akbou baada ya msimu mzuri ambapo alimaliza kama mfungaji bora wa timu na kuchaguliwa kama mchezaji bora.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-saidi-et-akkouche-font-leur-bapteme-du-feu |title=JSK : Saïdi et Akkouche font leur baptême du feu : Le Buteur |website=www.lebuteur.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211000014/http://lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-saidi-et-akkouche-font-leur-bapteme-du-feu |archive-date=2010-02-11 |accessdate=2023-06-10 |archivedate=2010-02-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211000014/http://lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-saidi-et-akkouche-font-leur-bapteme-du-feu }}</ref> Tarehe 28 Agosti 2009, alifanya debut yake kwa [[JS Kabylie]] katika mchezo wa ligi dhidi ya [[NA Hussein Dey]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzfoot.com/fiches/fiche2.php?fiche_id=4661 |title=DZFoot |accessdate=2012-07-30 |archive-date=2010-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111180017/http://www.dzfoot.com/fiches/fiche2.php?fiche_id=4661 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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{{Infobox football biography
| jina = Yassine Akkouche
| picha =
| maelezo =
| jina kamili = Yassine Akkouche
| tarehe_za_uzali = {{Tarehe ya kuzaliwa na umri|1984|7|28|mf=yes}}
| mahala_pa_uzaliwa = [[Akbou]], Algeria
| urefu =
| nafasi = [[Forward (association football)|Mshambuliaji]]
| klabu_hisaasa = [[CA Bordj Bou Arréridj]]
| nambari_ya_klabu =
| miaka_ya_ujana =
| klabu_ya_ujana =
| miaka1 = 2008–2009
| klabu1 = ORB Akbou
| mechi1 = 30
| mabao1 = 25
| miaka2 = 2009–2010
| klabu2 = [[JS Kabylie]]
| mechi2 = 22
| mabao2 = 3
| miaka3 = 2010–2011
| klabu3 = [[MC Saïda]]
| mechi3 = 22
| mabao3 = 5
| miaka4 = 2011–
| klabu4 = [[CA Bordj Bou Arréridj]]
| mechi4 = 0
| mabao4 = 0
| sasisho_la_klabu = 00:00, 23 Agosti 2011 (UTC)
}}
'''Yassine Akkouche''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Yacine Akkouche''', (amezaliwa Julai 28, 1984) ni mchezaji wa [[soka]] wa Algeria. Kwa sasa anacheza kama [[Forward (association football)|mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya [[CA Bordj Bou Arréridj]] katika [[Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 2]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=1844&saison_id=15|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122012855/http://www.dzfoot.com/joueur.php?joueur_id=1844&saison_id=15|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 22, 2013|title=Football Algérien |website=DZFOOT.COM}} </ref>
== Kazi ==
Mwaka wa 2009 msimu wa kiangazi, Akkouche alihamia [[JS Kabylie]] kutoka ORB Akbou baada ya msimu mzuri ambapo alimaliza kama mfungaji bora wa timu na kuchaguliwa kama mchezaji bora.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-saidi-et-akkouche-font-leur-bapteme-du-feu |title=JSK : Saïdi et Akkouche font leur baptême du feu : Le Buteur |website=www.lebuteur.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211000014/http://lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-saidi-et-akkouche-font-leur-bapteme-du-feu |archive-date=2010-02-11 |accessdate=2023-06-10 |archivedate=2010-02-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211000014/http://lebuteur.com/division-1/actualites/jsk-saidi-et-akkouche-font-leur-bapteme-du-feu }}</ref> Tarehe 28 Agosti 2009, alifanya debut yake kwa [[JS Kabylie]] katika mchezo wa ligi dhidi ya [[NA Hussein Dey]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.dzfoot.com/fiches/fiche2.php?fiche_id=4661 |title=DZFoot |accessdate=2012-07-30 |archive-date=2010-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111180017/http://www.dzfoot.com/fiches/fiche2.php?fiche_id=4661 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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Yassine Ben Hamed
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'''Yassine Ben Hamed''' (kwa Kiarabu: ياسين بن حامد; alizaliwa [[24 Machi]] [[2003]]) ni mwanasoka wa kulipwa ambaye anacheza kama beki wa kushoto wa klabu ya Ubelgiji ya Royal Antwerp. Yassine ni mzaliwa wa Ufaransa, awali aliwawakilisha katika ngazi ya kimataifa ya vijana, kabla ya kubadili utaifa wake kwa Algeria.
==Kazi Yake Katika Klabu==
Ben Hamed ni mhitimu wa chuo cha vijana cha Lille. Mnamo tarehe 7 [[Julai]] 2021, alijiunga na klabu ya Ubelgiji ya Royal Antwerp kwa mkataba wa miaka minne. <ref>{{cite web|title=Officiel : Yassine Ben Hamed signe à Antwerp|url=https://www.lepetitlillois.com/2021/07/07/officiel-yassine-ben-hamed-signe-a-antwerp/|date=7 July 2021|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kulipwa [[tarehe]] 25 Julai na kupoteza goli 3-2 katika ligi dhidi ya Mechelen FC.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mechelen vs. Antwerp - 25 July 2021|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/07/25/belgium/pro-league/kv-mechelen/royal-antwerp-fc/3512059/|access-date=30 July 2021}}</ref>
==Kazi yake Kitaifa==
Ben Hamed alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa kimataifa nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Akiwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Ufaransa wakati wa mechi za kufuzu kwa Ubingwa wa UEFA wa U-17 Mwaka 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yassine BEN HAMED et France U17 qualifiés pour l'Euro|url=http://allezlille.fr/index.php/en/club/infrastructures/2259-yassine-ben-hamed-et-france-u17-qualifies-pour-l-euro|date=27 October 2019|access-date=30 July 2021|accessdate=2023-06-11|archivedate=2023-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611113917/http://allezlille.fr/index.php/en/club/infrastructures/2259-yassine-ben-hamed-et-france-u17-qualifies-pour-l-euro}}</ref> Pia Alichezea Algeria U20 katika Kombe la Kiarabu la U-20 la [[2022]].
==Maisha Binafsi==
Ben Hamed ni mwenye [[asili]] ya [[Algeria]].
==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}
==Viungo Vya Nje==
* [https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/10127-ben-hamed-yassine/fiche.html Yassine Ben Hamed] {{Wayback|url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/10127-ben-hamed-yassine/fiche.html |date=20230611113915 }} katika [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Football_Federation shirikisho la soka la Ufaransa]
* [https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/yassine-ben-hamed/ Yassine Ben Hamed katika WorldFootball.net]
{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2003]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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Zakaria Aboukhlal
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[[Picha:Aboukhlal.jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Zakaria Aboukhlal]]
'''Zakaria Aboukhlal''' ({{lang-ar|زكريا أبوخلال}}; alizaliwa 18 Februari 2000) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu mtaalamu ambaye anacheza kama mshambuliaji katika klabu ya [[Ligue 1]] ya Toulouse. Akiwa amezaliwa Uholanzi, anacheza katika timu ya taifa ya Morocco, baada ya hapo awali kuchezea Uholanzi katika ngazi mbalimbali za vijana.
==Mafanikio==
'''Toulouse'''
* [[Coupe de France]]: [[2022–23 Coupe de France|2022–23]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mayen |first=Philippe |date=29 Aprili 2023 |title=Ô Toulouse... FC ! |trans-title=O Toulouse...FC!! |url=https://www.fff.fr/article/10181-o-toulouse-fc-.html |access-date=1 Mei 2023 |website=FFF - Fédération Française de Football |language=fr |archive-date=2023-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501010136/https://www.fff.fr/article/10181-o-toulouse-fc-.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
==Viungo vya nje==
* [https://www.vi.nl/spelers/zakaria-aboukhlal/carriere Takwimu za kazi] - Voetbal International
* [https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185189/speler/2 Profaili ya Ons Oranje O19]
* [https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/185190/speler/2 Profaili ya Ons Oranje O18]
* [https://www.onsoranje.nl/teams/184965/speler/2 Profaili ya Ons Oranje O17]
{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uholanzi]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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Veer Bhadra Mishra
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'''Veer Bhadra Mishra''' alikuwa rais mwanzilishi wa [[shirika]] la [[Sankat Mochan Foundation]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-26/varanasi/28183008_1_ganga-dussehra-ganga-action-plan-ganga-seva-abhiyan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104051040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-26/varanasi/28183008_1_ganga-dussehra-ganga-action-plan-ganga-seva-abhiyan|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 November 2012|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Jai Ganga Maiyya...|date=26 May 2009|accessdate=2023-06-28|archivedate=2012-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104051040/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-26/varanasi/28183008_1_ganga-dussehra-ganga-action-plan-ganga-seva-abhiyan}}</ref>
Alikuwa [[profesa]] wa zamani wa uhandisi wa Haidroliki na Mkuu wa zamani wa Idara ya Uhandisi wa Ujenzi katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya India (BHU) Varanasi. Pia alikuwa Mahant (Kuhani Mkuu) wa hekalu la Sankat Mochan Hanuman, Varanasi huko Varanasi lililoanzishwa na mshairi-mtakatifu Goswami Tulsidas. Mishra alitambuliwa kwenye Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa (UNEP) "Global 500 Roll of Honor" mnamo [[1992]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.global500.org/ViewLaureate.asp?ID=246|title=Adult Award Winner in 1992: Veer Bhadra Mishra|publisher=[[Global 500 Roll of Honour]] website|access-date=15 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622055238/http://www.global500.org/ViewLaureate.asp?ID=246|archive-date=22 June 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> na alikuwa mpokeaji wa Magazeti ya TIME " shujaa wa Sayari " mnamo [[1999]] kwa kazi yake inayohusiana na kusafisha Mito (Ganges) kupitia shirika la Sankat Mochan Foundation.<ref name="ti">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/reports/environment/heroes/heroesgallery/0,2967,mishra,00.html|title=Holy War for "My Mother"|date=16 August 1999|magazine=[[TIME]]|access-date=6 April 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315194425/http://www.time.com/time/reports/environment/heroes/heroesgallery/0,2967,mishra,00.html|archive-date=15 March 2007|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanachama wa Mamlaka ya Kitaifa ya Bonde la Mto Ganga (NGRBA) chini ya Wizara ya Mazingira, Serikali ya India, ambayo ilianzishwa mnamo 2009, na Serikali ya India kama mamlaka ya kupanga, ufadhili, ufuatiliaji na uratibu iliyoimarishwa kwa Mito, katika kutekeleza mamlaka iliyopewa chini ya Sheria ya Mazingira (Ulinzi), [[1986]].<ref>[http://moef.nic.in/modules/recent-initiatives/NGRBA/PolicyMaking.html p.2. Composition of the Authority:] {{Wayback|url=http://moef.nic.in/modules/recent-initiatives/NGRBA/PolicyMaking.html |date=20120421032851 }} [[Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)|Ministry of Environment]].</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]]
[[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uhindi]]
[[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Uhindi]]
[[Jamii:Swahili climate voices]]
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Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mohamed Mgeleka
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Said Mohamed Mgeleka ni Msomi wa Shahada ya Rasilimali Watu kutokea Chuo cha Usafirishaji cha Taifa(NIT) na Mwanachama wa Chama Cha Mapinduzi,lakini pia mwaka 2020 alikuwa Mtia nia wa Ubunge Jimbo la Igunga Mjini kwa tiketi ya Chama Cha Mapinduzi, Mwaka 2022 alikuwa Mtia nia wa Uenyekiti wa Umoja wa Vijana wa Chama cha Mapinduzi yaani(UVCCM) kutokea Mkoa wa Tabora,Wilaya ya Igunga na Mwaka 2025 alikuwa Mtia nia wa Ubunge Jimbo la Igunga Mjini kwa tiketi ya Chama Cha Mapinduzi, lakini pia ana kurasa nyingi za kijamii zinazo onyesha shughuli mbalimbali zinazotekelezwa na Serikali ya Chama Cha Mapinduzi Chini ya Mheshimiwa Rais Dkt.Samia Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania na Rais Dkt.Hussein Ali Mwinyi Rais wa Zanzibar na Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Mapinduzi. Lakini pia ni Mzalendo mwenye nidhamu ya hali ya juu na mpenda Maendeleo, Umoja, Mshikamano, Amani kwani ndio nguzo za Maendeleo katika ujenzi wa Taifa Tanzania#Kazi na Utu,Tunasonga Mbele#Kidumu Chama Cha Mapinduzi#CCM DAIMA.
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Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-35458-80|~2026-35458-80]] ([[User talk:~2026-35458-80|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Said Alhazred Mgeleka|Said Alhazred Mgeleka]]
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{{karibu}}'''[[Mtumiaji:Christian Anold Mosha|Christian Anold Mosha]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christian Anold Mosha|majadiliano]])''' '''[[Mtumiaji:Christian Anold Mosha|Christian Anold Mosha]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Christian Anold Mosha|majadiliano]])''' 15:38, 11 Julai 2023 (UTC)
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'''Scotura bugabensis''' ni mnyama nondo wa familia ya Notodontidae aliyeelezewa kwa mara ya kwanza na Druce mnamo mwaka [[1895]]. Anapatikana kutoka [[Kosta Rika]] [[kusini]] hadi kusini-mashariki mwa [[Peru]] kwenye mwinuko kati ya mita 0 na 600.
==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}
{{mbegu-mnyama}}
[[Jamii:Notodontidae]]
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{{karibu}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:47, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC)
== Matumizi ya translation tool ==
Salaam ndugu,
Nimeona katika machapisho yako mengi unatumia translation tool, sio mbaya ila inahitaji umakini mkubwa sana katika kuweka muundo wa lugha sawa kabla ya kuchapisha makala. Lakini wewe ndugu naona hufanyi marekebisho vya kutosha na kufanya makala kuonekana moja kwa moja ni zao la "Tafsiri ya Kompyuta".
Tafadhali kama ukiindelea na njia hiyo, hakiki makala yako vyema kabla ya kuichapisha. Aidha tumia njia ya kawaida katika kuanzisha makala. Pia nakuomba fanya marekebisho kwa makala ambazo umezichapisha kabla ya kuendelea na makala mpya. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 20:24, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Sawa Mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd#top|majadiliano]])''' 20:28, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
::Salaam ndugu
::Naona bado unarudia makosa yale yale, makala unazochapisha zinaonyesha ni kiswahili cha translation bila ya kufanyiwa mapitio vya kutosha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 07:28, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:::Salaam
:::Its okay let me stop translating untill i get exactly what is need '''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
==Editathon==
Kama kawaida, mnaletewa makala ambazo zinalenga kutetea ushoga. Kweli zinahitajika kwetu? Kabla ya kutafsiri, msome zinasema nini. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC)
:Ahsante kwa kunipa taarifa. Amani kwako pia! '''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:37, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC)
== Tafsiri ya Kompyuta ==
Habari @[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]], Hongera kwa michango yako. Naona unatumia tafsiri ya kompyuta kutafsiri makala lakini pia inaonyesha dhahiri kwamba hupitii hii tafsiri kuangalia kama makala ina Kiswahili fasaha. Kwa mfano kwenye makala ulyoanzisha ya [[Oreoluwa Lesi]] makala hii haina kiswahili kizuri hata kidogo. Tafadhali pitia hii makala na uirekebishe. Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 07:52, 22 Januari 2026 (UTC)
:Sawa Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:EmmyTsd|EmmyTsd]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EmmyTsd#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:58, 22 Januari 2026 (UTC)
== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
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Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.
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Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka
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{{Karibu}}
'''[[Mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|EdwardJacobo42]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EdwardJacobo42|majadiliano]])''' 09:41, 15 Julai 2024 (UTC)
==Kupitia masahihisho==
Ndugu, hongera kwa juhudi zako. Maendeleo yapo, ila naomba upitie mabadiliko ya makala zako kwa sababu unarudiarudia makosa yaleyale nami nalazimika kurudiarudia masahihisho yaleyale. Ningekuwa na muda zaidi ningeboresha zaidi lakini naishia kufanya yaliyo muhimu zaidi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:03, 17 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
:Ndugu, naomba katika jamii ya hao wanabaiskeli wa Italia, badala ya <nowiki>jamii:wanamichezo wa Italia</nowiki>, sasa tuandike <nowiki>jamii:waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia</nowiki> kwa sababu wamekuwa wengi mno na bado mnawaongeza. Hongera na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:15, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
::Sawa sawa Nitarekebisha hilo, Ahsante sana kwa Hongera na Hongera na Ahsante sana kwa maelekezo naahidi kuzingatia hilo! Amani iwe kwako pia! [[Maalum:Michango/41.89.10.241|41.89.10.241]] 13:24, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
:::Salamu Cosmas,Tafadhali pitia maandiko yako, bado kuna makosa ya tafsiri yanayotokea, na makosa hayo yanaharibu maana katika tafsiri sanifu ya KIswahili,Amani sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 14:19, 30 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
Habari ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] nakukumbusha kuendelea kupitia masahihisho ya makala zako yanayo fanywa na wahariri wengine ili kuepuka kurudia makosa yaleyale. Wakabidhi hatuna mda mrefu wa kupitia makala hizi. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 14:08, 31 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)
:Ndugu, bado hujapata desturi ya kupitia masahihisho yetu ili usirudie makosa yaleyale na kusababisha tupoteze muda mwingi. Tafadhali, angalia. Kwa mfano, mwanzoni mwa makala ndani ya mabano tunaweka taarifa fupi tu kuhusu kuzaliwa na kufariki. Kama mtu hajafariki, tunaandika "amezaliwa", lakini kama amekufa, inaeleweka kuwa tarehe ya kwanza ni ya kuzaliwa na ya pili na ya kufariki. Pia katika haraka, mara mbili ulirudia kuchapa ukurasa uleule mmoja kwa watu wawili tofauti, ndiyo sababu nilipaswa kufuta zile zilizokosewa. Pamoja na hayo, hongera kwa juhudi zako! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 2 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
::Asante sana, Ndugu Riccardo, kwa kunielekeza na kwa uvumilivu wako. Naomba radhi kwa makosa niliyofanya na kwa usumbufu uliosababisha. Nitazingatia masahihisho yako kwa makini zaidi na kuhakikisha sipuuzi maelekezo yaliyotolewa.
::Nitajitahidi kupitia kazi yangu mara mbili kabla ya kuwasilisha ili kuepuka kurudia makosa kama hayo. Nashukuru pia kwa hongera zako na kwa msaada wako wa kunifanya niwe bora zaidi. Amani kwako pia! -- Cosmas '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:11, 2 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:::Ndugu, umenijibu vizuri, lakini labda hujanielewa. Naomba urudie kusoma kwa makini niliyokuandikia jana. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:45, 3 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
::::Hapana shaka, Ndugu. Nitarejea kusoma ujumbe wako wa jana kwa makini zaidi ili kuhakikisha ninakuelewa vema. Asante sana, na amani iwe nawe pia! [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-21645|~2024-21645]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2024-21645|talk]]) 10:47, 3 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:::::Ndugu, pamoja na majibu yako mazuri, unaendelea kwenda haraka kutunga kurasa zenye makosa yaleyale...
:::::Pia uelewe kigezo <nowiki>{{BD}}</nowiki>. Ni hivi: <nowiki>{{BD|Mwaka wa kuzaliwa, yaani, 1958|usiweke kitu - ila kama mtu kafa weka mwaka aliokufa, yaani, 2009}}</nowiki>
::::::Chumba cha kwanza mwaka wa kuzaliwa tu
::::::Chumba cha pili mwaka aliokufa
::::::ANGALIZO
::::::Usiweke jamii yoyote kama vile: "waliozaliwa", "waliofariki", na "watu walio hai". Ukiweka <nowiki>{{BD|1950|}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "watu walio hai".
::::::<nowiki>{{BD|1950|2012}}</nowiki> - katika jamii itataja "waliozaliwa 1950" na "waliofariki 2012".
::::::Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:32, 5 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
::::::Ndugu, ndugu, tafadhali, legeza mwendo ili ujifunze vizuri zaidi. Mbona huangalii ninavyopoteza saa nyingi kusahihisha makala zako? Tafsiri unazotumia mara nyingine ni kichekesho kabisa. Nini maana ya "mbio za Kiitaliano" au "Mtaliano wa zamani" au "wa barabara na wimbo"? "Wa Kiitaliano" maana yake ni lugha anayotumia, si uraia wake. Ukiendelea na makosa yaleyale itanibidi kukusimamisha kidogo kwanza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:08, 10 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:::::::Ndugu Riccardo,
:::::::Asante kwa maoni yako yenye manufaa na kusisitiza umuhimu wa kufafanua maneno vyema ili kuepusha mkanganyiko. Nimeyasoma kwa makini maelezo yako na nakubaliana kwamba kuna maeneo yanayohitaji maboresho katika tafsiri zangu.
:::::::Nitachukua hatua madhubuti kuhakikisha kwamba matumizi ya lugha na tafsiri ni sahihi zaidi, hasa inapohusisha dhana kama uraia, lugha, na muktadha wa neno. Nitalenga kuelewa vizuri zaidi maelezo yako na kuzingatia ushauri wako ili kupunguza kazi ya kusahihisha unayolazimika kufanya.
:::::::Naomba radhi kwa usumbufu uliojitokeza. Nitafanya jitihada zaidi ili kuhakikisha ubora wa kazi zangu unaimarika. Amani iwe nawe pia!
:::::::Cosmas '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 19:17, 10 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:::::::'''Mpendwa Riccardo Riccioni,'''
:::::::Natumai ujumbe huu utakufikia ukiwa salama na mwenye amani.
:::::::Ninakuandikia kwa unyenyekevu mkubwa kuomba msamaha kuhusiana na hatua ya kunizuilia kuhariri makala kwenye Wikipedia. Kwa dhati kabisa, ningependa kueleza kuwa mimi ni mhariri wa kujitolea ambaye huchangia kwa upendo mkubwa katika jukwaa hili muhimu. Kujitolea kwangu kwa Wikipedia ni sehemu ya juhudi zangu za kushirikiana katika kueneza elimu na maarifa kwa watu wengi.
:::::::Hata hivyo, kizuizi hiki kimenivunja moyo sana na kunikosesha furaha, kwa kuwa napenda sana kuwa sehemu ya jumuiya hii. Kwa heshima na unyenyekevu, naomba kwa dhati kwamba unizingatie na kufikiria kuniondolea kizuizi hiki. Nia yangu ni kuendelea kuchangia kwa njia nzuri na yenye manufaa kwa jumuiya nzima ya Wikipedia.
:::::::Ninaahidi kuheshimu na kufuata taratibu zote za jumuiya hii katika harakati za kufanya mabadiliko au kuhariri maudhui. Ikiwa kuna chochote unachohitaji kujadili nami kuhusu hali hii, niko tayari kushirikiana nawe kwa uwazi.
:::::::Asante sana kwa muda wako na kwa kuchukua hatua ya kusikiliza ombi hili. Natarajia usaidizi wako wa kuniruhusu tena kuhariri makala.
:::::::Amani Kwako,
:::::::'''Innocent Cosmas Msoka'''
:::::::(Mhariri wa Wikipedia wa kujitolea) '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] @[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] @[[Mtumiaji:Edward Jacobo|Edward Jacobo]] @[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:03, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:Ndugu, hakuna anayekanusha nia njema na bidii zako. Shida umepitiliza. Harakaharaka haina baraka. Nilikuonya mara kadhaa uwe makini zaidi, lakini badala yake ukakaza mwendo. Mamia ya kurasa zinazohitaji marekebisho madogomadogo yananipotezea saa nyingi nisiweze kufanya kazi zangu. Hata hivyo nilikusimamisha kwa siku moja tu, hivyo kesho utaweza kuendelea. Ila naomba utumie saa zilizobaki kupitia masahihisho yangu, hata kama si yote. Itakusaidia sana kuboresha michango yako. Usivunjike moyo, uwe na amani. Tupo pamoja! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:48, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
:@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], Naomba radhi tena kwa kusababisha usumbufu na kazi ya ziada kutokana na harakati zangu za kuhariri. Nia yangu ilikuwa njema, lakini nakubali kuwa pengine kasi yangu ilipitiliza na ikaathiri kazi yako.
:Ninakushukuru kwa kunipa nafasi ya kurejea kesho, lakini kwa unyenyekevu, naomba ukiona inafaa, unaweza kuniondolea kizuizi leo kama itakupendeza? Ningependa kutumia muda huu kuanza kufanya marekebisho kwa mujibu wa mapendekezo yako.
:Najua umesema nichukue muda huu kusoma masahihisho yako, jambo ambalo nitazingatia, lakini ningefurahi pia kuanza kuyafanyia kazi haraka iwezekanavyo. Hii itasaidia pia kufanikisha marekebisho kwa wakati na kwa ufanisi zaidi.
:Naahidi kuchukua hatua kwa umakini zaidi siku zijazo na kufuata ushauri wako ili kuepuka hali kama hii tena. Asante sana kwa uvumilivu wako na mwongozo wako muhimu.
:Naomba radhi kwa usumbufu wowote uliojitokeza na ninashukuru kwa msaada wako.
:Amani kwako,
:'''Innocent Cosmas Msoka'''
:(Mhariri wa Wikipedia wa kujitolea) '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:54, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
::Hujaathiri kazi zake. Ila unampa kibarua kisicho na lazima. Soma maelezo, tuliza kichwa. Andika ama tazama kile alichokiandika kisha jifunze kupitia hayo. Sisi wengine tunafurahia mchango wa Riccardo kwa kutusahihisha. Punguza mwendo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 13:31, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC)
==Makala Fupi==
Salamu,unaanzisha makala nyingi lakini ni fupi mno, sasa ufupi wa makala hizo hautokuwa na faida sana, refusha makala zako,badala ya kukimbilia kuandika makala nyingi,kabla ya kuanzisha makala mpya hakikisha hizi za sasa unaziboresha, usipoziboresha tutakusimamisha kuhariri makala, Amani Sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 10:18, 19 Februari 2025 (UTC)
:Bado unaendelea kuandika makala fupi fupi mno,makala zako huziweki katika interwiki,fuata maelekezo '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 10:33, 19 Februari 2025 (UTC)
:Ndugu,
:Asante kwa ujumbe wako na naomba radhi kwa kuchelewa kuona maoni yako. Nimezingatia ushauri wako kuhusu makala fupi ninazoanzisha na umuhimu wa kuziboresha kabla ya kuanzisha mpya.
:Lengo langu ni kuhakikisha makala ninazoandika zinakuwa sahihi, zenye mtiririko mzuri na zisizo na kasoro nyingi. Sababu kubwa ya kuandika makala fupi ni kuepuka kuweka taarifa zisizokamilika au zenye makosa mengi. Hata hivyo, ninaelewa kuwa makala zenye urefu wa kutosha zina faida zaidi kwa wasomaji.
:Ningependa kupata mwongozo kutoka kwako juu ya viwango bora vya makala zinazohitajika, vigezo vya maboresho, na njia bora za kuongeza urefu wa makala bila kupoteza usahihi wa maudhui. Ushauri wako utanisaidia kuhakikisha makala zangu zinakuwa zenye ubora unaohitajika na manufaa kwa jamii.
:Ninafurahi kujifunza kutoka kwako na nitashukuru kwa mwongozo wako wa kina juu ya hili. Ahsante na naomba ushirikiano wako.
:Amani kwako,
:Cosmas '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:37, 19 Februari 2025 (UTC)
::Makala ulizotafsiri tayari zina urefu fulani kutoka katika lugha ya kiingereza,lakini unapoziletea katika Kiswahili,makala inakuwa na nusu line,au line moja kwa makala nyingi,pia nyingine hazina viungo,lakini kama ungezirefusha kwa kutafsiri makala yote,basi makala hiyo ingepata viungo,pia jinsi ya kuunganisha makala na Kiingereza,Nenda katika kompyuta yako upande kushoto chini utaona sehemu imeandikwa Lugha,Kisha Nenda sehemu iliyoandikwa Ongeza Viungo,baada ya hapo sehemu ya Lugha andika EN au enwiki,kisha chini sehemu ya Ukurasa andika jina la makala hiyo unayotaka kuiunganisha na Kiingereza,Amani Sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Idd ninga|Idd ninga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Idd ninga|majadiliano]])''' 10:46, 19 Februari 2025 (UTC)
:::Ndugu,
:::Asante kwa maoni yako na mwongozo wako wa kina kuhusu urefu wa makala na jinsi ya kuziunganisha na makala za Kiingereza. Ninaelewa kuwa makala ninazotafsiri zinapaswa kuwa na maudhui kamili badala ya kuwa fupi mno. Nitazingatia kutafsiri makala kwa urefu wake wote ili kuhakikisha inakuwa na viungo sahihi na thamani zaidi kwa wasomaji.
:::Pia, nashukuru kwa maelezo yako kuhusu jinsi ya kuunganisha makala na Kiingereza. Nitafuata hatua hizo ulizotoa kwa makini ili kuhakikisha makala ninazohariri zinakuwa zimeunganishwa ipasavyo na chanzo chake cha awali.
:::Nitafurahi pia kupokea maoni zaidi kutoka kwako kuhusu maeneo ninayoweza kuboresha zaidi. Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako na mwongozo.
:::Amani kwako, '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:08, 19 Februari 2025 (UTC)
== Mwandishi wa skrini ? ==
Hujambo?
Rejea kichwa cha habari hapo juu. Nina swali juu yake. Unaweza kutueleza ni nini maana ya "mwandishi wa skrini ?" '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 19:18, 12 Machi 2025 (UTC)
:Hujambo Said Mfaume?
:Asante kwa swali lako. Mwandishi wa skrini (screenwriter) ni mtu anayehusika na kuandika maandishi ya filamu, tamthilia, vipindi vya televisheni, au maudhui mengine yanayoonyeshwa kwenye skrini. Kazi yake ni kuunda hadithi, mazungumzo (dialogue), na maelezo ya matukio yanayoelekeza jinsi filamu au tamthilia itakavyoigizwa.
:Kama nimekosea tafadhali nifahamishe ili niweze kurekebisha haraka iwezekanavyo.
:Asante. [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-21645|~2024-21645]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2024-21645|talk]]) 19:27, 12 Machi 2025 (UTC)
::Asante sana Nd. @[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] kwa swali. Asante pia Nd. @[[Mtumiaji:~2024-21645|~2024-21645]] kwa kujibu, sijui kama ni wewe mwenye akaunti uliyeibukia utemporarini, si kitu. Mawandishi wa skrini pekee haitoshi. Mtu akisoma hawezi kuelewa. Ni neno ambalo umelitoa Kiingereza kwenda Kiswahili kisicho rasmi. Huyo ni mwandishi mswada wa televisheni au filamu. Isiwe skrini pekee. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 06:25, 13 Machi 2025 (UTC)
== Jamii za Makala ==
Hongera sana @[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] kwa kazi nzuri ya kuchangia kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Nimepitia makala zako baadhi ilizozianzisha hivi karibuni, unafanya vizuri ila utafanya vizuri zaidi kama ukiweka jamii mahususi kabisa kwa watu unaowaandikia. Kwa mfano unamuandikia mwanasiasa wa India, hakikisha jamii huweki ya Wanasiasa bali weka jamii ya Wanasiasa wa India. Hii inafanya iwe rahisi sana kwa watu kuwapata wanasiasa nchi kwa nchi. Lakini pia makala kama ya [[Habibullah Abdurazzaq]] hujaweka jamii kabisa na hivi sivyo ambavyo makala za Wikipedia zinabidi kua. Tafadhali pitia makala zako na uzirekebishe kabla hujaendelea kuunda zingine.
Asante sana kwa michango yako. Amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 14:56, 1 Februari 2026 (UTC)
:Asante sana @[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] kwa pongezi na maelekezo yako ya kina. Nimeyapokea kwa moyo mkunjufu na nimejifunza mengi kupitia mrejesho wako na pia nimeshafanyia kazi.
:Nakubaliana kabisa na ushauri wako kuhusu matumizi ya jamii mahususi, hasa kwa kuzingatia nchi au muktadha wa mtu anayeandikwa. Nitapitia makala nilizounda, nitasahihisha jamii husika ikiwemo ile ya Habibullah Abdurazzaq, na kuhakikisha zinafuata viwango vinavyotakiwa kabla sijaendelea kuunda makala nyingine.
:Asante tena kwa muda wako na msaada. Nitazingatia maelekezo yako ili kuboresha mchango wangu kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili.
:'''Amani kwako pia.''' '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:22, 1 Februari 2026 (UTC)
::Ndugu, jamii sahihi zaidi kwa wachezaji wa soka wa Argentina ni: <nowiki>[[Jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]]</nowiki>, si <nowiki>[[Jamii:wachezaji wa Argentina]]</nowiki>. Pia usisahau vyanzo! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC)
:::Asante sana @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] kwa maelekezo na msaada wako, ninayathamini sana.
:::Ningependa pia kupata ufafanuzi wako: kuna baadhi ya makala nilizokutana nazo ambazo hazina vyanzo kabisa.
:::Je, ni vyema kuziacha kama zilivyo kwa sasa, au ni sahihi kuzihariri na kuziboresha hata kama bado sijapata vyanzo mara moja? Ushauri wako utanisaidia kufuata utaratibu sahihi wa Wikipedia.
:::Asante sana, na amani kwako pia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka|Innocent Cosmas Msoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Innocent Cosmas Msoka#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:06, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC)
::::Kama makala asili haina vyanzo kabisa, uitafsiri tu sehemu muhimu, lakini mwanzoni uweke lebo <nowiki>{{vyanzo}}</nowiki>. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:27, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC)
::Ndugu, jamii sahihi zaidi kwa wachezaji wa soka wa Bulgaria ni: <nowiki>[[Jamii:wachezaji mpira wa Bulgaria]]</nowiki>, si <nowiki>[[Jamii:wachezaji wa Bulgaria]]</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 4 Februari 2026 (UTC)
== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
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Michael Rose
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{{Infobox musical artist 2
| jina = Michael Rose
| picha = Michael Rose Dortmund.jpg
| maelezo = Michael Rose akitumbuiza mjini [[Dortmund]], Ujerumani mnamo mwaka 2007
| background = solo_singer
| asili = [[Kingston, Jamaika|Kingston]], Jamaika
| aina = [[Reggae]], Afrobeat, [[Ska]]
| kazi = Mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo
| miaka ya kazi = 1974–sasa
| studio = Heartbeat Records, Kingmaker Music, RCA, Columbia/CBS, Dubshot
| washiriki wa zamani = [[Black Uhuru]]
| tovuti = {{URL|mykalrosereggae.com}}
}}
'''Michael Rose''' (alizaliwa 11 Julai 1957)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://reggaeeurope.com/upcoming-reggae-artists/michael-rose/|title=Michael Rose|website=Reggaeeurope.com|date=11 April 2009|access-date=9 October 2025}}</ref> ni mwimbaji wa muziki wa [[reggae]] kutoka nchini [[Jamaika]]. Anafahamika zaidi duniani kwa mafanikio makubwa aliyopata akiwa mwimbaji mkuu wa kundi la [[Black Uhuru]] tangu mwaka 1977 hadi 1984, kabla ya kuanza safari ya muda mrefu ya muziki akiwa msanii wa kujitegemea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103192148/http://www2.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx |archive-date=3 January 2010 }}</ref> Amesifiwa mara nyingi kama "mmoja wa waimbaji mashuhuri na wa kipekee nchini Jamaika" kwa kuanzisha mtindo wa uimbaji wenye vionjo vya kipekee ulioshamiri kutoka katika mitaa ya Waterhouse jijini [[Kingston, Jamaika|Kingston]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Greene |first=Joe-Ann |title=Michael Rose Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-rose-mn0000466045/biography |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref>
== Historia ya kazi ==
Rose alianza kutumbuiza kwenye mashindano ya kusaka vipaji na kwenye kumbi za hoteli nchini Jamaika akiwa bado kijana mdogo. Alirekodi wimbo wake wa kwanza kabisa uitwao "Woman a Gineal fe True" akiwa na umri wa miaka 15 chini ya mtayarishaji Newton Simmons.<ref name=":0" /> Rafiki yake wa utotoni, mpiga ngoma mahiri [[Sly Dunbar]], alimtambulisha kwa mtayarishaji [[Niney the Observer]], ambapo alirekodi naye nyimbo kadhaa mnamo mwaka 1972. Katika kipindi hiki, Rose alipata fursa pia ya kurekodi wimbo mmoja chini ya mtayarishaji nguli [[Lee "Scratch" Perry]].<ref name=":0" />
Alitenga miaka michache iliyofuata kujifunza na kuimarisha uwezo wake wa kutunga nyimbo, na kutoa wimbo wa mchanganyiko wa mtindo wa disco uitwao ''Born Free'' mnamo mwaka 1976 chini ya [[Yabby You]], ambao baadaye ulikuja kutolewa tena na [[Steve Barrow]] kupitia lebo ya [[Blood and Fire (record label)|Blood and Fire]] mnamo mwaka 1997.<ref name="LarkinGE"/> Mnamo mwaka 1977, Sly Dunbar alimtambulisha kwa Derrick "Duckie" Simpson, kiongozi wa kundi la reggae la [[Black Uhuru]]. Kundi hilo lilikuwa kwenye mabadiliko makubwa ya washiriki ambapo lilimwongeza pia mwimbaji wa kike [[Puma Jones]].<ref name="Island">Maelezo ya jalada, ''Black Uhuru, Liberation: The Island Anthology'', Island Records, 1993.</ref>
Rose akawa mwimbaji mkuu na mtunzi mkuu wa nyimbo wa kundi hilo, akiliongoza kurekodi albamu saba za studio. Safari hiyo ilianza na albamu ya ''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (album)|Showcase]]'' (1979) na ikajumuisha albamu zilizosifiwa sana kimataifa kama ''[[Red (Black Uhuru album)|Red]]'' ya mwaka 1981, pamoja na albamu ya ''[[Anthem (Black Uhuru album)|Anthem]]'' (1983) iliyotwaa [[Tuzo za Grammy]].<ref name="allmusic-charts">{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r103367|tab=charts-awards/grammy|label="''Anthem'' > Charts & Awards > Grammy Awards"|access-date=12 November 2010}}</ref> Albamu hiyo ilishinda tuzo ya Albamu Bora ya Reggae mnamo mwaka 1985, ukiwa ndio mwaka wa kwanza kabisa kwa tuzo hiyo kuanzishwa kwenye historia ya Grammy.<ref {{Rejea kitabu |last=Moskowitz |first=David Vlado |title=Caribbean Popular Music: An Encyclopedia of Reggae, Mento, Ska, Rock Steady, and Dancehall |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |isbn=0313331588 |pages=268}}</ref>
Mnamo mwaka 1985, Rose alijiondoa Black Uhuru baada ya kutofautiana na Simpson, na kuamua kuhamia kwenye milima ya [[Blue Mountains (Jamaika)|Blue Mountains]] nchini Jamaika kwa ajili ya kufanya kilimo cha kahawa. Alirekodi nyimbo kadhaa nchini humo lakini jina lake halikusikika sana nje ya kisiwa hicho hadi mwaka 1989, aliposaini mkataba na lebo ya [[RCA Records|RCA]] na kutoa albamu iliyoathiriwa na mtindo wa pop iitwayo ''Proud'' barani Ulaya na nchini Japani.<ref name=":0" /> Mkataba huo na RCA ulikuwa wa muda mfupi, na Rose alirejea Jamaika kuendelea kurekodi safu ya nyimbo zilizotayarishwa na mapacha wa muziki [[Sly and Robbie]]. Albamu pekee zilizotoka katika kipindi hiki zilikuwa ''Bonanza'' (1991) na ''King of General'' (1992) ambazo zilitoka nchini Japani pekee.<ref name=":0" /> Nyimbo hizo baadaye zilikusanywa na kutolewa kwenye albamu ya ''Sly and Robbie Presents: Mykall Rose – The Taxi Sessions'' mnamo mwaka 1995. Katika mwaka huo huo, alisaini mkataba na lebo ya [[Heartbeat Records]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Michael Rose - Michael Rose Album Reviews, Songs & More |website=[[AllMusic]] |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/michael-rose-mw0000172038 |access-date=2023-05-11 |language=en}}</ref>
Kati ya mwaka 1995 na 2004, lebo ya Heartbeat Records ilitoa jumla ya albamu tisa za Rose, na mara kwa mara nyimbo zake zilikuwa zikiingia kwenye chati za muziki nchini Jamaika na barani Ulaya.<ref name=":0" /> Alirejea tena na kuungana na kundi la Black Uhuru mnamo mwaka 2004 kwa ajili ya ziara ya miaka mingi ya kimuziki iliyopewa jina la ''Black Uhuru featuring Michael Rose''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Harris |first=Craig |title=Black Uhuru Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/black-uhuru-mn0000081683/biography |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref> Wakati akifanya ziara hizo, aliendelea pia kurekodi na kutumbuiza kama msanii wa kujitegemea. Mnamo mwaka 2019, alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza baada ya kimya cha miaka kumi na moja, mradi wa muziki wa [[ska]] uitwao ''Ska Ska Ska.''<ref>Campbell, Howard (2019) "[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/article/20190927/ARTICLE/190929779/1116 Rose promotes J'can Ska]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 27 September 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019</ref> Wimbo wake wa mwaka 2022 uitwao "Glory to [[Jah]]" ulivutia hisia na kupata umaarufu mkubwa kwenye vyombo vya habari nchini Jamaika.<ref>Campbell, Howard (2022) "[https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/mykal-rose-gives-jah-glory_243871?profile=1116 Mykal Rose gives Jah glory]", ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 15 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022</ref>
Mnamo mwaka 2022, Rose alianza kutumbuiza kwenye matamasha makubwa nchini Marekani akisindikizwa na bendi ya zamani ya Lee "Scratch" Perry inayojulikana kama [[Subatomic Sound System]]. Alitumbuiza kwenye matamasha kama CaliVibes Fest na CaliRoots (2023), tamasha la KayaFest la akina Marley huko Red Rocks, na tamasha la KCRW's Reggae at Night kwenye ukumbi wa Hollywood Bowl mnamo mwaka 2024. Albamu ya pamoja ya ushirikiano kati ya Mykal Rose, Subatomic Sound System, na mwimbaji wa Uingereza [[Hollie Cook]] iitwayo ''Rockin' Like a Champion'' ilitolewa rasmi mnamo tarehe 26 Julai 2024 chini ya lebo za Dubshot na Controlled Substance Sound Labs. Mtangazaji mashuhuri [[David Rodigan]] alicheza wimbo mkuu wa albamu hiyo kwa mara ya kwanza kupitia kituo cha redio cha [[BBC Radio 1Xtra]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=20 October 2024|title=Brand new reggae and classic selections - David Rodigan|date=28 Jul 2024|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m00211w8|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
== Tahajia ya jina ==
Jina lake la kuzaliwa ni Michael Rose, na jina hili linaonekana kwenye albamu zake nyingi za kujitegemea. Hata hivyo, kuanzia mwaka 1991, alibadilisha uandishi wa jina lake na kuwa ''Mykal Rose'', akidai kuwa hiyo ndiyo tahajia ya jina hilo kwa lugha ya [[Kihabeshi]] (Ethiopia). Amekuwa akitumia pia tahajia tofauti tofauti kwenye kazi zake ikiwemo ''Mykal Roze'', ''Mikal Rose'', na ''Michael Roze''.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last= |title=Biography: Mykal Rose |url=https://www.reggaeville.com/artist-details/mykal-rose/about/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Reggaeville |language=en}}</ref>
== Diskografia ==
{{div col}}
*''Proud'' (1990)
*''Bonanza (Japani)'' (1992)
*''King of General'' (1994)
*''Voice of the Ghetto'' (1995)
*''Michael Rose'' (1995)
*''Rising Star'' (1995)
*''Be Yourself'' (1996)
*''Big Sound Frontline'' (1996)
*''Nuh Carbon'' (1996)
*''[[Dance Wicked]]'' (1997)
*''Dub Wicked'' (1997)
*''Selassie I Showcase'' (1997)
*''Party in Session: Live'' (1998)
*''[[Bonanza (Michael Rose album)|Bonanza]]'' (1999)
*''X Uhuru'' (1999)
*''Never Give It Up'' (2001)
*''Live in San Francisco'' (2002) – ilitolewa tena mwaka 2003 kama ''Live at Maritime Hall''
*''Fire Fire Burning'' (2002)
*''Happiness: The Best of Michael Rose'' (2004)
*''Babylon 9/11 - Tip of the Iceberg'' (2004)
*''African Roots'' (2005)
*''African Dub'' (2005)
*''Babylon A Fight'' (2006)
*''Warrior'' (2007)
*''Passion of Life'' (2007)
*''Warrior Dub'' (2007)
*''The Saga'' (2007)
*''Great Expectations'' (2008)
*''Dub Expectations'' (2008)
*''Reggae Legend'' (2012)
*''Showdown Inna Bloody Town'' (2012)
*''Sidewalk Steppa'' (2016)
*''Ska Ska Ska'' (2019)
*''Judge Not'' (2023)
*''Rockin’ Like a Champion'' (2024)
*''Diamond in the Ruff'' (2025)
*''We Must Pray'' (2025)
*''Aint No Sunshine'' (2025)
*''Control Your Emotions'' (2025)
*''Run Di Place'' (2025)
{{div col end}}
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
* {{official website|url=http://mykalrosereggae.com}}
* [http://www.last.fm/music/Michael+Rose Ukurasa wa Michael Rose kwenye Last.FM]
* [https://www.myspace.com/mykalrose1 Ukurasa Rasmi wa Myspace wa Mykal "Grammy" Rose]
{{BD|1957|}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rose, Michael}}
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Jamaika]]
[[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Jamaika]]
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'''Uwanja wa ndege wa Geita''' ni uwanja mdogo wa ndege wa kikanda kaskazini mwa [[Tanzania]] unaohudumia mji wa [[Geita (mji)|Geita]]. Uko karibu na mwambao wa kusini magharibi mwa [[Ziwa Viktoria]] takribani kilomita 14 (maili 8.7) kutoka mjini Chato. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=United Republic of Tanzania Govt Tender for Construction of New Chato Airport in Geita Region - 19.|url=https://www.tendersontime.com/tenders-details/construction-new-chato-airport-geita-region-79f960/|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=TendersOnTime|language=en}}</ref> Uwanja huu wa ndege una njia ndefu zaidi ya kurukia na kutua na ndio uwanja pekee wa lami katika [[Mkoa wa Geita]].
== Historia ==
Ujenzi wa uwanja wa ndege ulianza mnamo 2017 Kilomita 14 (Maili 8.7) kusini mwa mji wa Chato na Kilomita 90 (Maili 56) magharibi mwa mji mkuu wa mkoa [[Geita (mji)|Geita]]. Mradi huo uligharimu [[Shilingi ya Tanzania|TSh ]]40 bilioni na zilifadhiliwa kikamilifu na Serikali ya Tanzania. Uwanja huo wa ndege umejengwa kwa ajili ya kuhudumia mkoa wa Geita, mkoa unaozalisha zaidi ya nusu ya dhahabu zinazo uzwa nje ya nchi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-12-14|title=Tanzania: Geita Airport to Receive Scheduled Flights Soon|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202012140178.html|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref>
Uwanja huo ulipata safari yake ya kwanza iliyopangwa Januari 2021 na [[Air Tanzania]] inayounganisha [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Julius Nyerere]] na [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Mwanza|Uwanja wa Ndege wa Mwanza]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Shida|first=Yohana|date=2020-12-31|title=Tanzania: Atcl Launches Direct Flights to Geita Airport|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202012310186.html|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref>
=== Rais Magufuli ===
Uwanja huo wa ndege upo karibu na mji anakotoka rais wa 5 wa Tanzania [[John Magufuli]]. Katika safari mbalimbali za mkoa huo mwaka 2019 na siku za mwanzo za [[Mlipuko wa virusi vya corona 2019-20|janga la COVID-19]], pale ambapo Magufuli aliamua kusalia nyumbani, uwanja wa ndege ulikaribisha wakuu wa mikoa mbalimbali kwa ajili ya mikutano baina ya nchi mbalimbali. Hizi ni pamoja na
* [[Uhuru Kenyatta]], Rais wa [[Kenya]] tarehe {{Date|5 July 2019|DMY}} <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-07-06|title=President Uhuru Kenyatta arrives in Chato on a private visit|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/president-uhuru-kenyatta-arrives-in-chato-on-a-private-visit-1421810|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=The East African|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Yoweri Kaguta Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]], Rais wa [[Uganda]] tarehe {{Date|13 July 2019|DMY}} <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=14 July 2019|title=President Museveni meets Magufuli on 'pilgrimage' to Tanzania|url=https://www.statehouse.go.ug/media/news/2019/07/14/president-museveni-meets-magufuli-pilgrimage-tanzania%E2%80%A8|accessdate=26 November 2021|work=State House of Uganda}}</ref> na tarehe {{Date|13 September 2020|DMY}} <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Masare|first=Alawi|date=2020-09-14|title=Tanzania: Magufuli, Museveni Give Green Light to $3.5 Billion Pipeline Project|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202009140411.html|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=allAfrica.com|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Filipe Nyusi]], Rais wa [[Msumbiji]] tarehe 11 Januari 2021 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=mozambique|title=Tanzania: Mozambique President Nyusi lays foundation stone for Chato hospital - Watch|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/tanzania-mozambique-president-nyusi-lays-foundation-stone-for-chato-hospital-watch-181737/|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=Mozambique|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126230359/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/tanzania-mozambique-president-nyusi-lays-foundation-stone-for-chato-hospital-watch-181737/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Sahle-Work Zewde]], Rais wa [[Ethiopia]] tarehe {{Date|25 January 2021|DMY}} <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-01-25|title=Six issues dominate Tanzania, Ethiopia presidents' meeting in Chato|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/six-issues-dominate-tanzania-ethiopia-presidents-meeting-in-chato-3268574|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=The Citizen|language=en|archive-date=2021-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126230400/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/six-issues-dominate-tanzania-ethiopia-presidents-meeting-in-chato-3268574|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Viwanja vya ndege nchini Tanzania}}
{{Tanzania-airport-stub}}
[[Jamii:Viwanja vya ndege nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Geita]]
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Tyler Attardo
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[[Faili:Attardo (cropped).jpg|thumb|Attardo mwaka 2019]]
'''Tyler Shaun Massimo Attardo''' (alizaliwa Septemba 10, 2001) ni mchezaji wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye anacheza kama Mshambuliaji kwa Thunder Bay Chill katika ligi ya USL.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4897281/valour-fc-signs-pair-of-winnipeggers-to-multi-year-contracts/|title=Valour FC signs pair of Winnipeggers to multi-year contracts|first=Sam|last=Thompson|work=[[Global News]]|date=January 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/sports-pmn/winnipegs-valour-fc-adds-tyler-attardo-and-dylan-carreiro-to-cpl-roster|title=Winnipeg's Valour FC adds Tyler Attardo and Dylan Carreiro to CPL roster|date=January 28, 2019|work=[[National Post]]}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://fcnorthwest.com/?snippet_id=1&page=13#221|date=January 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526100650/https://fcnorthwest.com/?snippet_id=1&page=13|archive-date=May 26, 2023|url-status=live|work=FC Northwest|title=Exciting news for 2 of FC Northwest Players!}}</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
{{BD|2001|}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]]
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Uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa Tanzania 2024
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'''Uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa Tanzania 2024''' umepangwa kufanyika tarehe [[27 Novemba]] [[2024]],<ref name=":0">https://www.tamisemi.go.tz/announcement/tangazo-la-uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa-wa-mwaka-2024</ref> kuashiria mchakato muhimu wa kidemokrasia kwa utawala wa ngazi za chini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa ni nini - Kazi Forums|url=https://kaziforums.com/uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa-ni-nini/|date=2024-09-06|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en-US}}</ref>
Chaguzi hizi, zinazofanyika kila baada ya miaka mitano, zinawapa uwezo wananchi wa Tanzania kuchagua wenyeviti wa vijiji, mitaa na vitongoji pamoja na wajumbe wa halmashauri.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|last=Mirisho|first=Ethan|title=The 2024 Local Government Elections as a Precursor to the 2025 General Elections: What Can We Expect?|date=2023-12-18|url=https://www.digest.tz/the-2024-local-government-elections-as-a-precursor-to-the-2025-general-elections/|work=Tanzania Digest|language=en-US|access-date=2024-11-25|archive-date=2024-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202164609/https://www.digest.tz/the-2024-local-government-elections-as-a-precursor-to-the-2025-general-elections/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Zinalenga kuimarisha uwakilishi na kuzipa jumuiya za wananchi uwezo mkubwa wa kufanya maamuzi katika maeneo kama vile matumizi ya ardhi, miradi ya jamii na utoaji wa huduma.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania Announces Local Govt Elections Amid Opposition’s Protests Against Overseeing Authorities - The Chanzo|url=https://thechanzo.com/2024/08/15/tanzania-announces-local-govt-elections-amid-oppositions-protests-against-overseeing-authorities/|date=2024-08-15|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en-GB|author=The Chanzo Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania's political parties express hope as government fixes civic polls date|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tanzania-s-political-parties-express-hope-as-government-fixes-civic-polls-date-4727300|work=The Citizen|date=2024-08-16|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref>
Uchaguzi huu ni muhimu hasa kwa kuzingatia mageuzi ya kidemokrasia yanayoendelea chini ya utawala wa [[Rais]] [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]].<ref name=":3" /> Serikali imesisitiza kuwa mageuzi hayo yanalenga kuboresha uwazi na uaminifu katika mchakato wa uchaguzi, yakiwa kama jibu la ukosoaji na kususia uchaguzi uliopita.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s election insight: What’s next for Mama Samia?|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/local/leaders/tanzanias-election-insight-whats-next-for-mama-samia/zh5bspg?op=1|work=Business Insider Africa|date=2024-11-02|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en|author=B. I. Africa}}</ref> Vyama vya siasa, asasi za kiraia na waangalizi wa kimataifa wanafuatilia kwa karibu uchaguzi ujao, ambao unaonekana kuwa mtihani wa dhamira ya Tanzania katika misingi ya kidemokrasia.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
== Historia ==
Tanzania imekuwa ikifanya uchaguzi wa serikali za mitaa kila baada ya miaka mitano tangu [[miaka ya 1980]], kufuatia mageuzi ambayo yalianzisha muundo wa utawala wa madaraka.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ijue historia ya Serikali za mitaa Tanzania-2|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/makala/siasa/ijue-historia-ya-serikali-za-mitaa-tanzania-2-2773194|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-03-17|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref> Chaguzi hizo ni sehemu muhimu ya juhudi za Tanzania kuwezesha jamii na kuimarisha ushiriki wa umma katika kufanya maamuzi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Serikali za mitaa: Historia na chimbuko lake tangu ukoloni|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/makala/siasa/serikali-za-mitaa-historia-na-chimbuko-lake-tangu-ukoloni-2926758|work=Mwananchi|date=2021-03-17|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref>
Uchaguzi wa 2014 ulikuwa miongoni mwa chaguzi zilizokuwa na ushindani mkubwa, huku vyama vya upinzani vilipata uwakilishi mkubwa katika mabaraza ya mitaa. Hata hivyo, uchaguzi uliofuata wa 2019 ulikabiliwa na ukosoaji mkubwa kutokana na madai ya dosari na kususia upinzani. Matukio hayo yameunda matarajio ya umma kwa uchaguzi wa 2024.<ref name=":2" /><ref>https://www.policyforum-tz.org/sites/default/files/Ujueuchaguzi.pdf</ref> Kwa miaka mingi, chaguzi za serikali za mitaa zimebadilika kulingana na utawala na ushirikishwaji. Marekebisho yaliyoanzishwa katika miaka ya hivi karibuni yanalenga kushughulikia changamoto za kihistoria na kuboresha uaminifu wa mchakato huo. Uchaguzi wa 2024 unatarajiwa kuendeleza mageuzi hayo, kuashiria wakati muhimu katika maendeleo ya kidemokrasia ya Tanzania.<ref name=":3" />
== Mfumo wa Uchaguzi ==
Tanzania inaendesha mfumo wa [[ugatuzi]] wa uchaguzi kwa ajili ya chaguzi za serikali za mitaa, iliyoundwa ili kukuza demokrasia ya msingi na uwakilishi wa jamii. Mfumo huo unaruhusu wapiga kura wanaostahiki kuchagua viongozi katika ngazi za vijiji, mitaa, na vitongoji, pamoja na wajumbe wa halmashauri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Anatomy of Electoral System of Tanzania {{!}} IFES - The International Foundation for Electoral Systems|url=https://www.ifes.org/tools-resources/election-materials/anatomy-electoral-system-tanzania|work=www.ifes.org|accessdate=2024-11-25}}</ref> Uchaguzi huo unafanywa kwa kutumia mfumo wa nafasi ya kwanza, ambapo mgombea anayepata [[kura]] nyingi katika eneo husika hutangazwa kuwa mshindi. Mbinu hii inalenga kutoa utaratibu wa upigaji kura wa moja kwa moja na wa uwazi, kuhakikisha wananchi wanaweza kuchagua viongozi wao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s voting system under the microscope|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/political-reforms/tanzania-s-voting-system-under-the-microscope-3718520|work=The Citizen|date=2022-02-16|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Rejea tovuti|title=INEC {{!}} Mifumo ya Uchaguzi|url=https://www.inec.go.tz/pages/electoral-system|work=www.inec.go.tz|accessdate=2024-11-25}}</ref>
Ustahiki wa wapigakura hubainishwa na usajili wa kitaifa, na mchakato huo unajumuisha hatua za kuhakikisha uwazi, kama vile usajili wa wapigakura na ukaguzi wa hadharani wa daftari la wapigakura. [[Serikali]] huandaa uchaguzi kupitia Ofisi ya Rais - Tawala za Mikoa na Serikali za Mitaa (TAMISEMI), huku ikizingatia sheria za taifa za uchaguzi. Wakosoaji, hata hivyo, wamependekeza kuhamishiwa usimamizi huu kwa Tume Huru ya Kitaifa ya Uchaguzi (INEC) ili kuimarisha kutoegemea upande wowote, kwani wasiwasi juu ya [[haki]] umeibuliwa katika chaguzi zilizopita.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=INEC {{!}} Historia ya Tume|url=https://www.inec.go.tz/pages/how-nec-is-established|work=www.inec.go.tz|accessdate=2024-11-25}}</ref>
Mfumo wa uchaguzi pia unajumuisha taratibu za utatuzi wa migogoro, kuruhusu wagombea na wapiga kura kupinga makosa kupitia malalamiko rasmi kwa halmashauri za mitaa za uchaguzi. Maboresho yaliyoletwa chini ya utawala wa Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan yamesisitiza kuimarisha michakato hii ili kuongeza uwajibikaji na imani kwa umma. Waangalizi wanaona kuwa mageuzi haya ni muhimu katika kuhakikisha kuwa chaguzi za serikali za mitaa zinachangia maendeleo mapana ya demokrasia ya Tanzania.<ref name=":8" />
== Maandalizi ya Uchaguzi ==
Serikali ya Tanzania ilitangaza ratiba ya uchaguzi tarehe 15 Agosti 2024,<ref name=":2" /> ikiweka ratiba ya kina ya maandalizi. Uandikishaji wa wapigakura ulifanyika kuanzia Oktoba 11 hadi 20, na umma ulialikwa kukagua orodha ya wapigakura kuanzia Oktoba 21.<ref name=":4">https://www.inec.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1722041122-Uchaguzi_Jarida_Mei%202024.pdf</ref> Hii ilifuatiwa na mchakato rasmi wa pingamizi ili kuhakikisha uadilifu wa daftari la wapigakura.<ref name=":0" />
Ili kuimarisha uwazi na ushirikishwaji, serikali ilifanya semina za mafunzo kwa maafisa wa uchaguzi mwezi Oktoba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=INEC {{!}} INEC yatoa elimu kwa Ma-OCD nchini kuhusu sheria za uchaguzi|url=https://www.inec.go.tz/news/inec-yatoa-elimu-kwa-ma-ocd-nchini-kuhusu-sheria-za-uchaguzi|work=www.inec.go.tz|accessdate=2024-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MAFUNZO YA UCHAGUZI|url=https://rungwedc.go.tz/new/mafunzo-ya-uchaguzi|work=rungwedc.go.tz|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref> Vikao hivi vililenga kuwapa wasimamizi wa uchaguzi na wasaidizi wao ujuzi unaohitajika ili kusimamia mchakato wa uchaguzi kwa haki na kwa ufanisi. [[Chama cha kisiasa|Vyama vya siasa]] pia vilitakiwa kuwasilisha ratiba zao za kampeni kwa mamlaka mapema, ili kuhakikisha kipindi cha kampeni kinadhibitiwa na kufanyika kwa utaratibu.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />
Kampeni zilianza rasmi tarehe 20 Novemba 2024, na kuvipatia vyama vya siasa jukwaa la kuwasilisha ilani zao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kampeni za uchaguzi wa serikali za mitaa zaanza Tanzania – DW – 20.11.2024|url=https://www.dw.com/sw/kampeni-za-uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa-zaanza-tanzania/a-70833807|work=dw.com|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=sw}}</ref> Serikali imewahakikishia wapiga kura uchaguzi wa amani na haki, na kutoa wito kwa wananchi wote wanaostahili kushiriki kikamilifu kama wapiga kura na wagombea. Viongozi wa mitaa na maafisa wamesisitiza kujitolea kwao kudumisha sheria za uchaguzi na kudumisha utulivu katika kipindi hiki muhimu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kampeni za Serikali za Mitaa Tanzania zaanza, wapinzani walalamika|url=https://www.voaswahili.com/a/kampeni-za-serikali-za-mitaa-tanzania-zaanza-wapinzani-walalamika/7871084.html|work=Voice of America|date=2024-11-20|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=sw}}</ref>
== Muktadha wa Kisiasa ==
Uchaguzi wa serikali za mitaa nchini Tanzania kihistoria umekumbwa na changamoto, ikiwa ni pamoja na madai ya kasoro. Uchaguzi wa 2019, kwa mfano, uligubikwa na kuenguliwa kwa wingi kwa wagombea wa upinzani, jambo lililosababisha kususia vyama vikuu kama vile [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo|CHADEMA]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Chadema walalamika wagombea wake kuenguliwa kiholela – DW – 20.11.2024|url=https://www.dw.com/sw/upinzani-tanzania-walalamika-wagombea-uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa-kuenguliwa-kiholela/a-70830548|work=dw.com|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=sw}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Siasa za Tanzania: Kujitoa uchaguzi serikali za mitaa ni mwisho wa uvumilivu wa chama cha siasa|url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-50513117|work=BBC News Swahili|language=sw|access-date=2024-11-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Upinzani Tanzania waelezea figisu kuelekea uchaguzi – DW – 08.11.2024|url=https://www.dw.com/sw/upinzani-tanzania-waelezea-hujuma-kuelekea-uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa/a-70738732|work=dw.com|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=sw}}</ref> Historia hii imeweka kivuli kwenye chaguzi zijazo, huku vyama vya upinzani vikitaka uangalizi mkubwa zaidi ili kuhakikisha haki inatendeka.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mbowe atoa maagizo ushiriki uchaguzi serikali za mitaa|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/mbowe-atoa-maagizo-ushiriki-uchaguzi-serikali-za-mitaa-4550260|work=Mwananchi|date=2024-03-08|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref>
[[Alliance for Change and Transparency|ACT-Wazalendo]] na CHADEMA wameibua wasiwasi kuhusu ushiriki wa Ofisi ya Rais, Tawala za Mikoa na Serikali za Mitaa (TAMISEMI) katika kusimamia uchaguzi. Wanasema kuwa Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (INEC) inapaswa kusimamia chaguzi hizi, kwa kuzingatia sheria mpya za uchaguzi zilizopitishwa. Vyama hivi vinataja matukio ya awali, kama vile madai ya udukuzi wa kura na kuenguliwa kwa wagombea, kuwa ni sababu za kutoaminiana.<ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Serikali yaweka mapingamizi manne kesi ya uchaguzi serikali za mitaa|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/serikali-yaweka-mapingamizi-manne-kesi-ya-uchaguzi-serikali-za-mitaa-4742350|work=Mwananchi|date=2024-08-28|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wafungua kesi kupinga TAMISEMI kusimamia uchaguzi Serikali za Mtaa {{!}} JAMHURI MEDIA|url=https://www.jamhurimedia.co.tz/wafungua-kesi-kupinga-tamisemi-kusimamia-uchaguzi-serikali-za-mtaa/|work=www.jamhurimedia.co.tz|date=2024-08-27|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en-US}}</ref>
Licha ya wasiwasi huo, viongozi wa upinzani wamewataka wanachama wao kushiriki kikamilifu. Vyama vya ACT-Wazalendo na CHADEMA vimewaagiza viongozi wao wa mikoa kuhakikisha kuna uwakilishi katika vitengo vyote vya uchaguzi. Hii inaashiria mabadiliko kutoka kwa kususia uchaguzi uliopita na inaonyesha uamuzi wa kimkakati wa kujihusisha na mchakato wa kisiasa chini ya miongozo iliyorekebishwa.<ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mbowe atoa maagizo ushiriki uchaguzi serikali za mitaa|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/mbowe-atoa-maagizo-ushiriki-uchaguzi-serikali-za-mitaa-4550260|work=Mwananchi|date=2024-03-08|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref>
Wachambuzi wa masuala ya kisiasa na mashirika ya kiraia wameangazia umuhimu wa chaguzi hizi kama kipimo cha kwanza cha maendeleo ya kidemokrasia ya Tanzania. Serikali imewahakikishia wananchi kuwa mageuzi chini ya Rais Samia yanalenga kushughulikia mapungufu yaliyopita na kuendeleza mazingira jumuishi zaidi ya kisiasa.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa kipimo kwa Rais Samia. - Mwanzo TV|url=https://mwanzotv.com/uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa-kipimo-kwa-rais-samia/|work=mwanzotv.com|accessdate=2024-11-25}}</ref>
== Utawala na uangalizi ==
Uchaguzi huo utasimamiwa na Ofisi ya Rais-Tawala za Mikoa na Serikali za Mitaa (TAMISEMI), ambayo yamekosolewa na vyama vya upinzani.<ref name=":6" /> Vyama hivi vinahoji kuwa kuhusika kwa [[wizara]] kunadhoofisha kutoegemea upande wowote, kama inavyothibitishwa na mizozo wakati wa chaguzi zilizopita. Hata hivyo, maafisa wa serikali wametetea [[Wajibu|jukumu]] la wizara hiyo, wakitaja [[mamlaka]] yake ya kusimamia vitengo vya utawala wa ndani.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa nchini Novemba, 2024|url=https://dodomacc.go.tz/new/uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa-nchini-novemba-2024|work=dodomacc.go.tz|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref>
Serikali imeahidi kuzingatia kikamilifu sheria za uchaguzi na kuzingatia viwango vya [[maadili]] katika mchakato mzima. Wakuu wa mikoa na maafisa wa uchaguzi wamepata mafunzo ili kuhakikisha kwamba kanuni hizi zinafuatwa. Viongozi pia wamesisitiza umuhimu wa uchaguzi wa amani na utulivu, na kutoa wito kwa wananchi kuepuka usumbufu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania: Freedom in the World 2024 Country Report|url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/tanzania/freedom-world/2024|work=Freedom House|accessdate=2024-11-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/10/tanzania-experts-call-urgent-action-amid-crackdown-civil-society-ahead</ref>
Mashirika ya kiraia na waangalizi wa uchaguzi wanatarajiwa kuwa na jukumu muhimu katika kufuatilia mchakato huo. Kujumuishwa kwa wadau hawa kunaonekana kama hatua ya kuimarisha uwajibikaji na imani ya umma katika chaguzi. Waangalizi wameitaka serikali kushughulikia madai yoyote ya ukiukwaji wa sheria haraka na kwa uwazi.<ref name=":3" />
== Umuhimu ==
Uchaguzi wa serikali za mitaa ni muhimu kwa kuimarisha demokrasia mashinani Tanzania. Huwezesha jamii kuchagua viongozi wanaoathiri moja kwa moja maamuzi kuhusu usimamizi wa ardhi, maendeleo ya miundombinu na huduma za mitaa. Chaguzi hizi ni msingi wa modeli ya utawala wa ugatuzi wa Tanzania.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
Ushiriki wa kisiasa katika ngazi ya mtaa pia unakuza ushiriki mkubwa wa kiraia. Kwa kupiga kura katika chaguzi hizi, wananchi huchangia kuunda mazingira ya uongozi katika maeneo yao, na hivyo kukuza uwajibikaji na mwitikio miongoni mwa viongozi waliochaguliwa. Waangalizi wamebainisha kuwa utawala thabiti wa mitaa ni muhimu ili kushughulikia changamoto mahususi za jamii kwa ufanisi. Zaidi ya hayo, uchaguzi wa 2024 unatazamwa kama fursa muhimu ya kuimarisha mwelekeo wa demokrasia ya Tanzania. Wanatoa jukwaa la majaribio ya mageuzi yaliyoanzishwa chini ya utawala wa Rais Samia na kutathmini ushirikishwaji na uwazi wa mfumo wa kisiasa.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />
==Matokeo==
Kadiri ya matokeo yaliyotangazwa na waziri wa TAMISEMI, [[Mohamed O. Mchengerwa]], [[CCM]] ilishinda kwa asilimia 99 hivi, ikifuatwa kwa mbali sana na [[CHADEMA]], [[Alliance for Change and Transparency|ACT-Wazalendo]] na vyama vingine vidogo zaidi <ref>https://drive.google.com/file/d/16UlPZ_7QcKhaXOLse57FYasuF_M8lmLz/view</ref>.
==Ukosoaji==
Baada ya matokeo kutangazwa, wengi walionyesha kutoridhika, hata wengine kudai uchaguzi urudiwe. Kati ya watu wa kwanza kulaumu mambo yaliyofanyika, mbali ya vyama vya upinzani, kuna [[Waziri Mkuu wa Tanzania|waziri mkuu]] wa zamani, mwana-CCM, [[Joseph Sinde Warioba]] <ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/uchaguzi-serikali-za-mitaa-warioba-atoa-angalizo-tena-4846330</ref>, halafu viongozi wa [[dini]] na [[mwanasheria|wanasheria]] <ref>https://www.ippmedia.com/nipashe/habari/kitaifa/read/tec-wanasheria-wafanya-tathmini-ya-uchaguzi-wa-serikali-za-mitaa-2024-12-19-110835</ref>.
== Marejeo ==
[[Jamii:Chaguzi Afrika]]
[[Jamii:uchaguzi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:2024]]
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Waldemar Dutra
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'''Waldemar Dutra''' (alizaliwa Februari 20, [[1983]] huko [[Kanada]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Kanada ambaye amestaafu kucheza.<ref name="news">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211130221137/https://www.canadiansoccernews.com/forums/topic/49985-story-on-waldemar-dutra/ Journey into the unknown] canadiansoccernews.com (Archived)</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
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[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]]
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Wheeler L. Baker
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[[picha:BakerJL.jpg|thumb| Wheeler L. Baker]]
'''Wheeler L. Baker''' ni [[mwanajeshi]] mstaafu wa [[Majini]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Rais]] wa [[tisa]] wa Hargrave Military Academy kuanzia mwaka 1999 hadi 2011, na tena kutoka 2017 hadi 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reconmarine.com/officers.html|title=Recon Marine - 1st Recon Co. - Headquarters Battalion - 1st Marine Division, FMF Korea Recon Marine is the official website of Sgt. John L. Camara USMC 1950|website=Reconmarine.com|accessdate=11 August 2017|archive-date=2017-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521153157/http://www.reconmarine.com/officers.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Wanajeshi wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]]
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Quique Escamilla
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'''Quique Escamilla''' (amezaliwa [[18 Disemba]] [[1980]]) ni mwanamuziki Mmaya na Zapotec wa [[Meksiko]] aliyezaliwa na kuishi huko [[Chiapas]].<ref name=junoseve>[http://music.cbc.ca/#!/blogs/2015/3/2015-Junos-Bahamas-Arkells-Rush-big-winners-at-Junos-Eve-gala "2015 Junos: Bahamas, Arkells, Rush big winners at 'Junos Eve' gala"]. [[CBC Music]], March 14, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.20minutos.com.mx/noticia/b256211/quique-escamilla-gana-premio-juno-a-lo-mejor-de-la-musica-en-canada/ "Quique Escamilla gana premio Juno a lo mejor de la música en Canadá"]. ''[[20 minutos]]'', March 15, 2015.</ref><ref name="timescolonist">[http://www.timescolonist.com/entertainment/music/mexico-s-escamilla-sings-message-of-social-justice-1.1208036 "Mexico's Escamilla sings message of social justice"]. ''[[Victoria Times-Colonist]]'', July 16, 2014.</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}}
{{BD|1980|}}
[[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
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Yohan Le Bourhis
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'''Yohan Georges Francis Yvon Le Bourhis''' (alizaliwa Machi 9, [[2000]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa [[Kanada]] ambaye anacheza kama mlinzi wa kati.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tvasports.ca/2018/03/25/yohan-le-bourhis--un-defenseur-moderne|title=Yohan Le Bourhis : un défenseur moderne|first=Dave|last=Lévesque|trans-title=Yohan Le Bourhis: a modern defender|language=fr|work=[[TVA Sports]]|date=March 26, 2018|accessdate=2025-01-10|archive-date=2025-01-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250110090545/https://www.tvasports.ca/2018/03/25/yohan-le-bourhis--un-defenseur-moderne|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=rds>{{cite web|url=https://www.rds.ca/soccer/impact/impact-yohan-le-bourhis-avec-l-equipe-canadienne-des-moins-de-15-ans-1.2513401|title=Yohan Le Bourhis avec le Canada|trans-title=Yohan Le Bourhis with Canada|language=fr|date=July 30, 2015|work=[[Réseau des sports|RDS]]}}</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
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[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]]
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Muhuri wa Marekani
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[[File:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|thumb|Muhuri wa Marekani]]
'''Muhuri Mkuu wa Marekani''' (kwa Kiingereza: Great Seal of the United States) ni muhuri rasmi wa serikali ya [[Marekani|shirikisho la Marekani]]. Muhuri huu ulipitishwa rasmi tarehe 20 Juni 1782 na hutumika katika nyaraka muhimu za serikali, hati za kidiplomasia, pasipoti, na hati za urais. Pia, hutumiwa kuidhinisha sheria na mikataba rasmi ya taifa.
<ref>{{Cite Web|title=Great Seal of USA|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/original-design-of-the-great-seal-of-the-united-states|lang=en|website=Archives.gov|accessdate=2025-02-14}}</ref>
== Muundo na Maana ==
Muhuri Mkuu wa Marekani una pande mbili: uso wa mbele na uso wa nyuma, kila moja ikiwa na alama za maana kubwa kwa historia na utambulisho wa taifa.
===Uso wa Mbele===
Uso wa mbele wa Muhuri Mkuu wa Marekani una tai wa bald eagle, ambaye ni ishara ya nguvu, uhuru, na mamlaka ya taifa. Tai huyu hushikilia ishara muhimu katika sehemu tofauti za mwili wake:
* Ngao (Escutcheon): Kifuani mwa tai kuna ngao yenye michirizi 13 ya wima nyekundu na nyeupe, inayowakilisha koloni 13 za kwanza za Marekani. Sehemu ya juu ya ngao ni bluu, ikiwakilisha umoja wa majimbo chini ya Congress.
* Tawi la Mzeituni (Kucha ya Kulia): Linaashiria amani, na lina matawi na matunda 13 ya mzeituni.
* Mishale (Kucha ya Kushoto): Inaonyesha utayari wa kijeshi, ikiwa na mishale 13, ishara ya uwezo wa taifa kujilinda.
* Utepe wa "E Pluribus Unum" (Mdomo wa Tai): Tai hushikilia kitambaa kilichoandikwa "E Pluribus Unum" (Kilatini kwa "Kutoka kwa wengi, mmoja"), kikisisitiza mshikamano wa majimbo ya Marekani.
* Mawingu na Nyota: Juu ya kichwa cha tai kuna nyota 13 zilizopangwa katika umbo la kundinyota ndani ya mawingu yenye mwangaza, ishara ya taifa jipya lililo chini ya uongozi wa kimungu.
=== Uso wa Nyuma ===
Uso wa nyuma wa Muhuri Mkuu wa Marekani una alama za kihistoria na kiroho, zenye maana kubwa:
* Piramidi Isiyokamilika: Inawakilisha ukuaji wa taifa. Piramidi ina ngazi 13, ikionyesha majimbo 13 ya kwanza.
* Jicho : Juu ya piramidi kuna jicho ndani ya pembetatu, linaloashiria uangalizi wa Mungu juu ya taifa.
Maneno ya Kilatini:
*"Annuit Coeptis" – Inamaanisha "Ameshuhudia juhudi zetu," ikimaanisha baraka za Mungu kwa taifa.
*"Novus Ordo Seclorum" – Inamaanisha "Mpangilio mpya wa vizazi," inayoonyesha mwanzo wa taifa jipya.
*Tarehe ya Kirumi (MDCCLXXVI - 1776): Inapatikana chini ya piramidi, ikionyesha mwaka wa Tangazo la Uhuru la Marekani.
== Historia ==
===Michoro ya Awali===
Baada ya Marekani kupata uhuru mwaka 1776, kamati tatu tofauti zilihusika katika kubuni muhuri wa taifa. Muundo wa mwisho uliundwa na Charles Thomson, Katibu wa Congress, ambaye alikusanya mawazo ya kamati zote tatu na kuwasilisha muundo uliopitishwa tarehe 20 Juni 1782.
===Mabadiliko kwa Muda===
Ingawa muundo wa Muhuri Mkuu wa Marekani umebaki vilevile, tafsiri zake za kisanii zimetofautiana kulingana na enzi mbalimbali. Katika karne ya 19 na 20, mabadiliko madogo yalifanywa katika picha za muhuri, hasa jinsi tai alivyochorwa na upangaji wa vipengele vingine.
===Matumizi===
Muhuri Mkuu wa Marekani hutumiwa katika nyanja mbalimbali za serikali na utawala:
* Hati Rasmi: Hutumika kutia sahihi nyaraka rasmi za serikali, mikataba ya kimataifa, na sheria.
* Pasipoti za Marekani: Muhuri huu unaonekana kwenye kurasa za pasipoti za Marekani.
* Fedha: Vipengele vya Muhuri Mkuu, hasa uso wa nyuma, vinaonekana kwenye noti ya dola moja ya Marekani.
* Mihuri Rasmi ya Serikali: Hutumiwa na mashirika ya shirikisho, kama vile Idara ya Mambo ya Nje.
* Muhuri wa Rais: Toleo lililoboreshwa hutumiwa kama nembo ya Rais wa Marekani.
== Uhusiano na Nembo ya Marekani ==
Muhuri Mkuu wa Marekani mara nyingi huchanganywa na Nembo ya Marekani (United States coat of arms), lakini kuna tofauti. Nembo ya Marekani ni sehemu ya uso wa mbele wa Muhuri Mkuu, lakini muhuri wenyewe una pia uso wa nyuma, ambao una alama tofauti kama piramidi na Jicho la Providence.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Nembo]]
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Natalia Lafourcade
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{{tafsiri kompyuta}}
'''María Natalia Lafourcade Silva''' (alizaliwa [[Mexico City]], [[26 Februari]] [[1984]]) ni mwanamuziki wa [[Meksiko]].
== Maisha ya Awali ==
Alikulia Coatepec, Veracruz, katika [[mazingira]] yaliyojaa sanaa na [[muziki]]. Baba yake, Gastón Lafourcade, ni [[mwanamuziki]] mwenye asili ya Chile, huku mama yake, María del Carmen Silva Contreras, akiwa mpiga [[kinanda]] maarufu. Ami yake, Enrique Lafourcade, alikuwa [[mwandishi]] mashuhuri wa Chile na sehemu ya "Kizazi cha miaka ya [[1950]]".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-03-13 |title=Coatepec, así es el pueblo mágico que vio crecer a Natalia Laforucade |url=https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/estilo-de-vida/2021/3/13/coatepec-asi-es-el-pueblo-magico-que-vio-crecer-natalia-laforucade-269353.html |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=El Heraldo de México |language=es |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313192506/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/estilo-de-vida/2021/3/13/coatepec-asi-es-el-pueblo-magico-que-vio-crecer-natalia-laforucade-269353.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Utoto]] wake ulijaa mafunzo ya [[muziki]] chini ya mwongozo wa [[mama]] yake. Alipenda kuiga wasanii kama Gloria Trevi na Garibaldi, na baadaye akavutiwa na Fiona Apple, Björk, Café Tacvba, Ely Guerra, na Julieta Venegas. Mama yake alikuwa mtaalamu wa piano na mwasisi wa ''Macarsi Method'', mbinu ya kufundisha muziki kwa [[watoto]] na walimu. Kwa kutumia mbinu hii, alimsaidia Lafourcade kupitia tiba ya muziki baada ya kujeruhiwa kichwani kwa kupigwa teke na farasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=26 April 2010|title=Natalia Lafourcade – En el 2000 ((2da Version) (Video))|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xqr-Ku5EaGE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Xqr-Ku5EaGE| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|website=YouTube.com|quote=Natalia Lafourcade se dio a conocer en el 2002 con su disco debut en donde se encuentran éxitos como Busca Un Problema, En El 2000}}{{cbignore}}</ref>ref name="Navarro">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Navarro |first=Fernando |date=2023-05-17 |title=Natalia Lafourcade, Mexican singer: 'Reggaeton must have something that I just don't understand' |url=https://english.elpais.com/culture/2023-05-16/natalia-lafourcade-mexican-singer-reggaeton-must-have-something-that-i-just-dont-understand.html |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/other/natalia-lafourcade-de-luna-de-miel-deja-ver-a-su-esposo-tras-dos-a%C3%B1os-casada-qui%C3%A9n-es-el-afortunado/ar-AA1hqgFN?ocid=UCPNC2&apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Bouchot |first=Andrea |date=2022-02-24 |title=Natalia Lafourcade: Ellas son sus hermanas Andrea y Catherine |url=https://www.chicmagazine.com.mx/personajes/natalia-lafourcade-ellas-son-hermanas-andrea-catherine |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=CHICMagazine |language=es}}</ref>
Lafourcade alisoma katika ''Instituto Anglo Español'', shule ya Kikatoliki ya sekondari, ambako alijifunza uchoraji, [[filimbi]], [[uigizaji]], [[muziki]], piano, gitaa, saxophone, na uimbaji. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, alianza kuimba katika kundi la mariachi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taringa.net/posts/arte/15073201/Sopranos-Mezzosopranos-y-Contraltos-en-la-musica-popular.html|title=Sopranos, Mezzosopranos y Contraltos en la música popular.|website=Taringa.com|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-date=4 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604073928/http://www.taringa.net/posts/arte/15073201/Sopranos-Mezzosopranos-y-Contraltos-en-la-musica-popular.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Kazi ==
==== 1998–2000: Miaka ya Mwanzo na Kundi la ''Twist'' ====
Mwaka [[1998]], Natalia Lafourcade alijiunga na kundi la muziki wa pop lililoitwa ''Twist'', akiwa pamoja na Tabatha Vizuet (aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa kundi la ''Jeans'') na Ana Pamela Garcés (aliyewahi kuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha watoto katika TV Azteca). Hata hivyo, [[kundi]] hili halikufanikiwa na lilivunjika mwaka uliofuata. Lafourcade baadaye alikiri kuwa hakufurahia kuimba kwa ''lip sync'' (kuigiza kuimba bila sauti halisi), jambo lililomfanya aanze kutafuta njia mbadala za kujenga kazi yake ya muziki.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Flores|first=Griselda|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/natalia-lafourcade-uta-global-representation-deal/|title=Natalia Lafourcade Signs With UTA for Worldwide Representation In All Areas|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=11 June 2024|access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref>
Baada ya kumaliza shule ya sekondari, alijiunga na ''Academia de Música Fermatta'', ambako alikutana na wasanii wengine kama Ximena Sariñana, Juan Manuel Torreblanca, na Alonso Cortés, ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa mpiga ngoma wa kundi lake, ''La Forquetina''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cmtv.com.ar/biografia/show.php?bnid=168&banda=Natalia_LaFourcade|title=Biografía Natalia Lafourcade|access-date=10 September 2024}}</ref>
Mwaka [[2000]], mtayarishaji wa muziki Loris Ceroni alisikiliza demo za Lafourcade na alipofikisha umri wa miaka 17, alimpa nafasi ya kuwa katika kundi la muziki wa pop/rock chini ya usimamizi wake. Hata hivyo, Lafourcade alikuwa na shaka juu ya wazo hilo, na Ceroni alimsihi afuate njia ya kujitegemea. Baadaye, aliandaa albamu yake ya kwanza chini ya lebo ya ''Sony Music'', iliyorekodiwa nchini [[Italia]] na kuandikwa kwa kushirikiana na Áureo Baqueiro. Katika safari yake ya kwanza ya kimuziki, alitumbuiza katika mji wa Dolores Hidalgo, ambapo alizidi kupata umaarufu nchini Mexico.<ref name="AllMusic">{{cite web|last=Jurek|first=Thom|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/natalia-lafourcade-mn0000859026/biography|title=Natalia Lafourcade Biography|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=29 January 2024|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426031347/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/natalia-lafourcade-mn0000859026/biography|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== 2002–2004: Albamu ya Kwanza na Umaarufu ====
Mwezi Juni [[2002]], Lafourcade alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyopewa jina lake, ''Natalia Lafourcade'', iliyochanganya mitindo ya pop, rock, ''bossa nova'', na midundo ya Kilatini. Nyimbo zilizopata umaarufu zaidi katika albamu hiyo ni ''"Busca un Problema"'', ''"En el 2000"'', ''"Te Quiero Dar"'', na ''"Mírame, Mírate"''.
Wakati huo, alishiriki katika utayarishaji wa muziki wa filamu ya ''Amarte Duele'', akirekodi wimbo wake mkuu ''"Amarte Duele"'', pamoja na toleo lake la ''acoustic'', huku nyimbo zake tatu kutoka albamu yake ya kwanza (''"Busca un Problema"'', ''"En el 2000"'', na ''"El Destino"'') zikiwemo kwenye ''soundtrack'' ya filamu hiyo. Pia, alirekodi ''duet'' na León Larregui kwa wimbo ''"Llevarte a Marte"'' na kuchangia wimbo ''"Un Pato"'' kwa filamu ''Temporada de Patos''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|title=Substance over style|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=23 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123070325/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Mwaka [[2004]], alipata uteuzi wa ''Latin Grammy'' katika kipengele cha Msanii Mpya Bora kutokana na albamu yake ya kwanza. Pia, aliteuliwa kwenye Tuzo za ''Lo Nuestro'' katika kipengele cha [[Msanii]] Mpya wa Rock, ingawa alishindwa na Alessandra Rosaldo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last1=Godoy Gallardo|first1=Eduardo|last2=Peña|first2=Haydée Ahumada|date=13 December 2012|title=The 50s Generation: Key Moment in Chilean Literature (Discussion Around Two Short-Stories Anthologies: 1954–1959)|url=http://analesliteraturachilena.letras.uc.cl/images/N18/Eduardo-Godoy-Gallardo-y-Haydee-Ahumada-Pena-La-Generacion-del-50-momento-clave-en-la-literatura-chilena.pdf|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308115159/http://analesliteraturachilena.letras.uc.cl/images/N18/Eduardo-Godoy-Gallardo-y-Haydee-Ahumada-Pena-La-Generacion-del-50-momento-clave-en-la-literatura-chilena.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Baada ya kumaliza ziara yake ya kwanza ya [[muziki]], Lafourcade aliacha kuimba kama msanii wa kujitegemea na akaanza kufanya kazi na bendi yake, ''Natalia y la Forquetina'', ambayo ilihusisha Alonso Cortés, César Chanona, na Yunuén Viveros.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|title=Substance over style|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=31 August 2003 |access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=23 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123070325/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Twist|url=http://lafourcadefanclub.com/sitio/ella-es/proyectos-musicales/twist/|website=Lafourcade Fan Club|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226115531/http://lafourcadefanclub.com/sitio/ella-es/proyectos-musicales/twist/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="univision-lonuestro-2004">{{cite news|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040114_es_1003388_generatedID/es/|title=Ricky Martin, Shakira, Thalía, Ricardo Arjona, Pepe Aguilar Y Vicente Fernández entre las superestrellas nominadas para el Premio lo Nuestro 2004|work=[[Univision]]|publisher=[[Business Wire]]|date=14 January 2004|access-date=27 September 2013|archive-date=15 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015002656/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040114_es_1003388_generatedID/es/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lo Nuestro-Winners-2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040227_es_1003539_generatedID/es/#.UxuKPH-wXYE|title=Marc Anthony y Marco Antonio Solís entre los Grandes Ganadores del 'Premio Lo Nuestro a la Música Latina'|work=[[Univision]]|publisher=[[Business Wire]]|language=es|date=27 February 2004|access-date=8 March 2014|archive-date=8 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308213124/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040227_es_1003539_generatedID/es/#.UxuKPH-wXYE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-09-03 |title=For Natalia Lafourcade, playing the Hollywood Bowl again is the next step in her storied journey |url=https://www.latimes.com/delos/story/2024-09-03/natalia-lafourcade-hollywood-bowl-los-angeles-philharmonic-gustavo-dudamel-de-todas-las-flores |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Morales|first=Ed|title=Allow Natalia Lafourcade to Reintroduce Herself|work=[[New York Times]]|date=25 October 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/25/arts/music/natalia-lafourcade-de-todas-las-flores.html|access-date=29 October 2022|archive-date=29 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029221048/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/25/arts/music/natalia-lafourcade-de-todas-las-flores.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]]
[[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]]
[[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]]
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Vivir Quintana
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'''Vivir Quintana''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Viviana Monserrat Quintana Rodríguez'''; Francisco I. Madero, Coahuila, [[1985]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na mtunzi kutoka [[Meksiko]]. Quintana aliandika wimbo ''"Canción sin miedo"'' (''Wimbo bila woga''), ambao umekuwa wimbo wa wanawake dhidi ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia na mauaji ya wanawake.<ref>{{cite web |title="Canción sin miedo": el himno de las protestas feministas que pone voz al dolor de mujeres en México |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/entretenimiento/2021/03/08/cancion-sin-miedo-el-himno-de-las-protestas-feministas-que-pone-voz-al-dolor-de-mujeres-en-mexico}}</ref>
== Usuli ==
Viviana Monserrat Quintana Rodríguez alizaliwa na Gloria Rodríguez, mwalimu mstaafu wa sayansi ya jamii na jiografia, na Tomás Quintana, profesa wa hisabati. Ana kaka wawili.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vivir Quintana por "Canción sin miedo": "Yo digo que ya no es mía, que es de todas las compañeras que no están" |url=https://www.cnnchile.com/cultura/vivir-quintana-cancion-sin-miedo-entrevista_20200827}}</ref>
Quintana anatoka katika familia ya kimuziki, kwani nyanyake pia alikuwa mwimbaji lakini hakufuatilia kazi ya muziki kutokana na upinzani kutoka kwa wazazi wake. Quintana alianza kupiga gitaa akiwa na umri wa miaka 12; alifundishwa nyimbo zake za kwanza katika bustani ya jamii na seremala wa eneo hilo.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Valladares|first=M.|date=21 Julai 2017|title="Mi formación surgió de la necesidad de contar mi manera de entender el mundo": Vivir Quintana|url=https://www.launion.com.mx/blogs/espectaculos/noticias/110103-mi-formacion-surgio-de-la-necesidad-de-contar-mi-manera-de-entender-el-mundo-vivir-quintana.html|access-date=18 Machi 2021|website=La Union de Morelos}}</ref> Katika umri huo huo, aligundua anaweza kuimba alipoimba wimbo wa ''Paloma Negra'' wa Tomás Méndez.
Akiwa na miaka 17, Quintana alianza masomo yake katika ''Escuela Superior de Música'' huko [[Saltillo]], [[Coahuila]], Meksiko. Pia alihitimu shahada ya kwanza ya Kihispania katika ''Escuela Normal Superior del Estado de Coahuila''. Kwa miaka mitatu, Quintana alifundisha Kihispania katika shule ya sekondari, ambapo alitumia muziki kama nyenzo ya ufundishaji. Wakati huo pia aliimba katika baa mbalimbali.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Vivir Quintana, la cantante de Coahuila que alza su voz contra el feminicidio|url=https://vanguardia.com.mx/articulo/vivir-quintana-la-cantante-de-coahuila-que-alza-su-voz-contra-el-feminicidio|access-date=18 Machi 2021|website=Vanguardia MX|language=es}}</ref>
== Kazi ya Muziki ==
Muziki wa Quintana ni mchanganyiko wa muziki wa kanda ya Mexico na muziki wa kitamaduni. Ametunga zaidi ya nyimbo 150 na ameshiriki jukwaa na waimbaji mashuhuri kama Armando Manzanero, Mauricio Díaz Hueso, na Imma Serrano, miongoni mwa wengine. Ingawa nyimbo zake mara nyingi huzungumzia mapenzi, pia zinashughulikia mauaji ya wanawake, hasa yale yasiyopata haki. Quintana amesema mchakato wake wa ubunifu huhusisha kuandika muziki na mashairi kwa wakati mmoja.<ref>{{Citation|title=Vivir Quintana con Adela Micha|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0BXQ43m9TE|language=en|access-date=19 Machi 2021}}</ref>
Mnamo 2004, Quintana alichaguliwa kuiwakilisha Meksiko katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Sanaa huko [[Uropa]]: [[Ubelgiji]], [[Italia]], na [[Uholanzi]].
Quintana pia ni mmoja wa waanzilishi wa mradi wa ''Las Hijas de Libertina Hernández'', kikundi kinacholenga kukuza sauti na kazi za waimbaji na wasanii wa kike.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hijas de Libertina Hernández|url=https://twitter.com/hijadelibertina|access-date=18 Machi 2021|website=Twitter}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
Aidha, Quintana alikamilisha mradi wa ''"Rosita Alvirez, maté a Hipólito"'' kwa msaada kutoka kwa ''Programa de Estímulo a la Creación y Desarrollo Artístico'' ya [[Coahuila]], ambao ni mfululizo wa corridos zinazohadithiwa kwa nafsi ya kwanza, zikisimulia wanawake waliowaua wavamizi wao kwa kujilinda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Embargo|first=Redacción / Sin|title=Vivir Quintana, la joven cantante que levanta su voz y guitarra contra los feminicidios en México|url=https://www.sinembargo.mx/05-10-2019/3656701|access-date=18 Machi 2021|website=SinEmbargo MX|date=5 Oktoba 2019|language=es|archive-date=2024-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630162842/https://www.sinembargo.mx/05-10-2019/3656701|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=quimeras|first=Autor Voces de|date=28 Oktoba 2020|title=La lucha feminista de Vivir Quintana a través de la música|url=https://vocesdequimeras.mx/2020/10/28/la-lucha-feminista-de-vivir-quintana-a-traves-de-la-musica/|access-date=19 Machi 2021|website=Voces de quimeras|language=es-ES|archive-date=23 Juni 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623030823/https://vocesdequimeras.mx/2020/10/28/la-lucha-feminista-de-vivir-quintana-a-traves-de-la-musica/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Mwaka [[2020]], aliingizwa katika ''Forbes México's 100 Creative Mexicans'' kwa mchango wake katika muziki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Escamilla|first=Viridiana Mendoza|date=14 Desemba 2020|title=Vivir Quintana, la canción de protesta que dio la vuelta al mundo|url=https://www.forbes.com.mx/vivir-quintana-la-cancion-de-protesta-que-dio-la-vuelta-al-mundo/|access-date=18 Machi 2021|website=Forbes México|language=es-MX}}</ref>
=== Canción Sin Miedo ===
Vivir Quintana alitunga ''Canción sin miedo'' kwa ombi la Mon Laferte, ambaye alipangwa kutumbuiza mjini [[Mexico City]] mnamo [[7 Machi]] 2020, kama sehemu ya tamasha la ''Tiempo de Mujeres, Festival por la Igualdad,'' katika kuadhimisha Siku ya Kimataifa
== Marejeo ==
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[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]]
[[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]]
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Ukiukaji wa Hakimiliki
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'''Ukiukaji wa hakimiliki''' (wakati mwingine hujulikana kama '''uharamia'''<ref>[https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/uharamia]</ref> (''piracy'') ni matumizi ya [[kazi]] zinazolindwa na [[hakimiliki]] bila ruhusa kwa matumizi ambayo yanahitaji idhini hiyo, na hivyo kukiuka baadhi ya [[haki]] za kipekee zilizotolewa kwa mwenye [[hakimiliki]], kama vile haki ya kuzalisha, kusambaza, kuonyesha, au kutekeleza kazi hiyo, au kuunda kazi zinazotokana nayo.<ref>{{Cite Web|title=What's Copyright infringement|website=www.copyright.gov|url=https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-definitions.html|accessdate=2025-04-21|lang=en|archive-date=2025-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421185828/https://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-definitions.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ukiukaji hutokea wakati kazi inayolindwa na hakimiliki—kama vile [[kitabu]], [[filamu]], [[wimbo]], programu ya [[kompyuta]], au picha—inakopiwa, kushirikiwa, kuuzwa, au kutumika kwa namna nyingine bila idhini ya mmiliki wa hakimiliki. Ukiukaji wa hakimiliki unaweza kuwa wa bahati mbaya au wa makusudi, na unaweza kusababisha mashitaka ya kiraia au ya jinai, kutegemea na sheria za eneo husika.
==Mfumo wa Kisheria==
Sheria za hakimiliki hutofautiana kati ya nchi, lakini kwa kawaida huongozwa na mikataba ya kimataifa kama ''Mkataba wa Berne'' na '''mikataba ya Shirika la Kimataifa la Hakimiliki''' (WIPO). Katika maeneo mengi ya kisheria, ulinzi wa hakimiliki huanza moja kwa moja pale kazi asilia inapoundwa na kuhifadhiwa katika njia yoyote ya kudumu ya mawasilisho. Hakuna usajili unaohitajika ili kazi ilindwe, ingawa katika baadhi ya nchi usajili unaweza kuhitajika ili kutekeleza haki hizo mahakamani.
===Adhabu===
Wamiliki wa hakimiliki wanaweza kufuata hatua za kisheria kupitia mahakama, kwa kudai fidia, maagizo ya kusitisha matumizi, au adhabu ya kisheria. Katika nchi nyingi, ukiukaji wa hakimiliki unaofanywa kwa makusudi kwa madhumuni ya kibiashara unaweza kusababisha mashitaka ya jinai, ikiwa ni pamoja na faini au kifungo
==Aina za Ukiukaji==
Baadhi ya aina za kawaida za ukiukaji wa hakimiliki ni:
* Kunakili na kusambaza muziki, filamu, au vitabu bila idhini.
* Uharamia wa programu za kompyuta, ambapo programu hupakuliwa, kushirikiwa, au kutumika bila leseni halali.
* Uigaji (plagiarism) katika maudhui ya kitaaluma au ya ubunifu ambapo nyenzo huigwa bila kutoa sifa stahiki.
Kutiririsha au kupakua maudhui kutoka tovuti haramu.
==Mijadala na Migogoro==
Utekelezaji wa sheria za hakimiliki umezidi kuwa changamano kutokana na kuibuka kwa vyombo vya habari vya kidijitali na mtandao wa intaneti. Wapinzani wa utekelezaji mkali wa hakimiliki wanasema kuwa hali hiyo huweza kuzuia upatikanaji wa maarifa na utamaduni, huku wafuasi wakiamini kuwa ulinzi madhubuti ni muhimu ili kuchochea ubunifu na uvumbuzi.
== Marejeo==
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[[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|U]]
[[Jamii:watu wa Uingereza|F]]
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Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi
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{{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}}
{{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}}
== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-18)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-18)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2731
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1275
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1199
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 543
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 428
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 468
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1252
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34932 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28438 || ↓ -13.3%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 165.3 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2731 || ↓ -12.1%
|-
| 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1275 || ↑ +15.0%
|-
| 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1252 || ↑ +943.3%
|-
| 4 || [[Urusi]] || 736 || ↑ +55.9%
|-
| 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -9.6%
|-
| 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 614 || ↓ -6.8%
|-
| 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 543 || ↑ +4.4%
|-
| 8 || [[Irani]] || 487 || ↓ -57.8%
|-
| 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 471 || ↓ -34.2%
|-
| 10 || [[Burundi]] || 468 || ↓ -9.8%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 130 || 8.9%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 118 || 8.1%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
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== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-18)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-18)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2731
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1275
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1199
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 543
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 428
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 468
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1252
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34934 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28784 || ↓ -13.3%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.3 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2731 || ↓ -12.1%
|-
| 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1275 || ↑ +15.0%
|-
| 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1252 || ↑ +943.3%
|-
| 4 || [[Urusi]] || 736 || ↑ +55.9%
|-
| 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -9.6%
|-
| 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 614 || ↓ -6.8%
|-
| 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 543 || ↑ +4.4%
|-
| 8 || [[Irani]] || 487 || ↓ -57.8%
|-
| 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 471 || ↓ -34.2%
|-
| 10 || [[Burundi]] || 468 || ↓ -9.8%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.7%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 120 || 8.2%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
10aj6t09gcxjg4fhbgyd8rc6oqvqr5a
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2026-06-18T20:32:44Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column
1574609
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}}
{{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}}
== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-18)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-18)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2731
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1275
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1199
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 543
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 428
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 468
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1252
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34934 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28784 || ↓ -13.3%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.3 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2731 || ↓ -12.1%
|-
| 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1275 || ↑ +15.0%
|-
| 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1252 || ↑ +943.3%
|-
| 4 || [[Urusi]] || 736 || ↑ +55.9%
|-
| 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -9.6%
|-
| 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 614 || ↓ -6.8%
|-
| 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 543 || ↑ +4.4%
|-
| 8 || [[Irani]] || 487 || ↓ -57.8%
|-
| 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 471 || ↓ -34.2%
|-
| 10 || [[Burundi]] || 468 || ↓ -9.8%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.7%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 120 || 8.2%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
4cnbv0jk9dke42wg69365gmu3y7dw9i
1574611
1574609
2026-06-18T20:34:14Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
Sasisha Takwimu za mradi
1574611
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}}
{{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}}
== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-18)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-18)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 614
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 681
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2731
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1275
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1199
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 543
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 313
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 487
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 428
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 736
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 468
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 270
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 343
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 471
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 436
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 437
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 367
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 299
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 262
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 213
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 203
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 460
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1252
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 202
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34934 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28784 || ↓ -13.3%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.3 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2731 || ↓ -12.1%
|-
| 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1275 || ↑ +15.0%
|-
| 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1252 || ↑ +943.3%
|-
| 4 || [[Urusi]] || 736 || ↑ +55.9%
|-
| 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -9.6%
|-
| 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 614 || ↓ -6.8%
|-
| 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 543 || ↑ +4.4%
|-
| 8 || [[Irani]] || 487 || ↓ -57.8%
|-
| 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 471 || ↓ -34.2%
|-
| 10 || [[Burundi]] || 468 || ↓ -9.8%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.7%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 120 || 8.2%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
e5kqeujuyl8153smso9t44h6xm6pfk3
1574654
1574611
2026-06-19T04:52:41Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column
1574654
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}}
{{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}}
== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-19)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-19)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 679
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 727
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2822
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1349
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1217
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 767
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 477
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1407
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34934 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 28784 || ↓ -13.3%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 167.3 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2731 || ↓ -12.1%
|-
| 2 || [[Marekani]] || 1275 || ↑ +15.0%
|-
| 3 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1252 || ↑ +943.3%
|-
| 4 || [[Urusi]] || 736 || ↑ +55.9%
|-
| 5 || [[Kenya]] || 681 || ↓ -9.6%
|-
| 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 614 || ↓ -6.8%
|-
| 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 543 || ↑ +4.4%
|-
| 8 || [[Irani]] || 487 || ↓ -57.8%
|-
| 9 || [[Ufaransa]] || 471 || ↓ -34.2%
|-
| 10 || [[Burundi]] || 468 || ↓ -9.8%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.7%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 120 || 8.2%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
rinjgls9xea9yuaiw41g8xxgcwkxr6w
1574655
1574654
2026-06-19T05:02:24Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
Sasisha Takwimu za mradi
1574655
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}}
{{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}}
== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-19)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-19)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 679
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 727
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2822
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1349
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1217
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 767
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 477
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1407
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34935 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 10232 || ↑ +9.1%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 59.5 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1407 || ↑ +1082.4%
|-
| 2 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -3.3%
|-
| 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 585 || ↑ +13.2%
|-
| 4 || [[Burundi]] || 483 || ↓ -4.7%
|-
| 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 477 || ↑ +8.4%
|-
| 6 || [[Australia]] || 403 || ↑ +8.9%
|-
| 7 || [[Singapuri]] || 392 || ↑ +208.7%
|-
| 8 || [[Hispania]] || 321 || ↑ +11.1%
|-
| 9 || [[Nigeria]] || 306 || ↑ +16.8%
|-
| 10 || [[Vatikani]] || 265 || ↓ -21.6%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.7%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 121 || 8.3%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
g4p1vz2tditj265axkq1gfqsqq1b0f8
1574802
1574655
2026-06-19T10:46:32Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column
1574802
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}}
{{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}}
== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-19)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-19)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 679
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 727
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2822
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1349
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1217
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 767
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 477
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1407
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34935 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 10232 || ↑ +9.1%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 59.5 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1407 || ↑ +1082.4%
|-
| 2 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -3.3%
|-
| 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 585 || ↑ +13.2%
|-
| 4 || [[Burundi]] || 483 || ↓ -4.7%
|-
| 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 477 || ↑ +8.4%
|-
| 6 || [[Australia]] || 403 || ↑ +8.9%
|-
| 7 || [[Singapuri]] || 392 || ↑ +208.7%
|-
| 8 || [[Hispania]] || 321 || ↑ +11.1%
|-
| 9 || [[Nigeria]] || 306 || ↑ +16.8%
|-
| 10 || [[Vatikani]] || 265 || ↓ -21.6%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.7%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 121 || 8.3%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
pckuy85xzifbzvntlhfshk0qjuic0e2
1574805
1574802
2026-06-19T10:48:02Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
Sasisha Takwimu za mradi
1574805
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}}
{{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}}
== Yaliyomo ==
<div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;">
Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]].
[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC)
</div>
== Mwongozo ==
===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa===
'''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana.
===Utangulizi===
{{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}}
Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo:
====Aya ya Utangulizi====
Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800.
Mfano:
</br>
{{Blockquote|
'''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}}
====Aya zinazofuata====
Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii.
===Mwili===
Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji.
====Asili ya jina====
Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi.
====Historia====
Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa.
====Jiografia====
Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili.
====Demografia====
Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana.
====Uchumi====
Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato.
====Serikali na siasa====
Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa.
====Utamaduni====
Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa.
====Tazama pia====
Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika.
====Marejeo====
Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa.
====Viungo vya nje====
Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo.
== Makala ==
{{Chati ya duara
| caption= CAQI (2026-06-19)
| label1 = Makala Bora
| value1 = 7
| color1= green
| label2 = Makala Nzuri
| value2 = 9
| color2= yellow
| label3 = Makala Msingi
| value3 = 59
| color3= orange
| label4 = Makala ya Chini
| value4 = 74
| color4= lightblue
| label5 = Mbegu
| value5 = 26
| color5= red
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nchi
! CAQI (2026-06-19)<br />
! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br />
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
| 9.56
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 679
|-
| [[Kenya]]
| 9.44
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 727
|-
| [[Tanzania]]
| 9.17
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2822
|-
| [[Ghana]]
| 8.93
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Marekani]]
| 8.76
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1349
|-
| [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]]
| 8.25
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1217
|-
| [[Afrika Kusini]]
| 8.09
| style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 585
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri
|-
| [[Hispania]]
| 7.84
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 321
|-
| [[Irani]]
| 7.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 476
|-
| [[Ethiopia]]
| 7.58
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 432
|-
| [[Urusi]]
| 7.54
| style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 767
|-
| [[Burundi]]
| 7.36
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 483
|-
| [[Sudan Kusini]]
| 7.28
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137
|-
| [[Nigeria]]
| 7.26
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 306
|-
| [[Australia]]
| 7.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403
|-
| [[Somalia]]
| 7.09
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi
|-
| [[Senegal]]
| 6.90
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239
|-
| [[Ufaransa]]
| 6.68
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 457
|-
| [[Italia]]
| 6.23
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210
|-
| [[Falme za Kiarabu]]
| 6.08
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166
|-
| [[Laos]]
| 5.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Uingereza]]
| 5.93
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 451
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]]
| 5.59
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Rwanda]]
| 5.49
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244
|-
| [[Korea Kaskazini]]
| 5.44
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186
|-
| [[Mali]]
| 5.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154
|-
| [[Korea Kusini]]
| 5.34
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 189
|-
| [[Ufini]]
| 5.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Uswisi]]
| 5.17
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229
|-
| [[Israeli]]
| 5.15
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 456
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]
| 5.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140
|-
| [[Zambia]]
| 4.89
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188
|-
| [[Ujerumani]]
| 4.83
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 385
|-
| [[Niger]]
| 4.79
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Misri]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322
|-
| [[Uganda]]
| 4.78
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323
|-
| [[Afghanistan]]
| 4.70
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84
|-
| [[Shelisheli]]
| 4.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142
|-
| [[Japani]]
| 4.66
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336
|-
| [[San Marino]]
| 4.63
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Chad]]
| 4.59
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135
|-
| [[Austria]]
| 4.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Kamerun]]
| 4.47
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98
|-
| [[Vatikani]]
| 4.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265
|-
| [[Gine Bisau]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Ukraini]]
| 4.41
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 197
|-
| [[Sudan]]
| 4.39
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104
|-
| [[Uswidi]]
| 4.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185
|-
| [[Uholanzi]]
| 4.26
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Kanada]]
| 4.17
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 404
|-
| [[Kamboja]]
| 4.14
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Moroko]]
| 4.13
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 222
|-
| [[Uhindi]]
| 4.08
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 277
|-
| [[Malawi]]
| 4.05
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179
|-
| [[Pakistani]]
| 3.98
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Ubelgiji]]
| 3.92
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153
|-
| [[Udeni]]
| 3.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105
|-
| [[Ugiriki]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208
|-
| [[Vietnam]]
| 3.84
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117
|-
| [[Bulgaria]]
| 3.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Ureno]]
| 3.79
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295
|-
| [[Isilandi]]
| 3.77
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Msumbiji]]
| 3.76
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 285
|-
| [[Aljeria]]
| 3.73
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59
|-
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68
|-
| [[Malta]]
| 3.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Indonesia]]
| 3.64
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Singapuri]]
| 3.63
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392
|-
| [[Uturuki]]
| 3.62
| style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 477
|-
| [[Papua Guinea Mpya]]
| 3.61
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Eritrea]]
| 3.60
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Uthai]]
| 3.58
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Angola]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118
|-
| [[Hong Kong]]
| 3.52
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini
|-
| [[Bhutan]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Fiji]]
| 3.46
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Madagaska]]
| 3.45
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129
|-
| [[Ufalme wa Udeni]]
| 3.44
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13
|-
| [[Palestina]]
| 3.43
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 207
|-
| [[Cabo Verde]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 1407
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]
| 3.38
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122
|-
| [[Syria]]
| 3.35
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Latvia]]
| 3.30
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Myanmar]]
| 3.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67
|-
| [[Botswana]]
| 3.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106
|-
| [[Komori]]
| 3.20
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146
|-
| [[Liberia]]
| 3.16
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79
|-
| [[Eswatini]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 172
|-
| [[Morisi]]
| 3.11
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Jibuti]]
| 3.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Omani]]
| 3.04
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Polandi]]
| 3.03
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148
|-
| [[Zimbabwe]]
| 3.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 183
|-
| [[Kosovo]]
| 2.99
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54
|-
| [[Benin]]
| 2.93
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Brunei]]
| 2.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Qatar]]
| 2.91
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143
|-
| [[Saudia]]
| 2.90
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114
|-
| [[Gine ya Ikweta]]
| 2.89
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47
|-
| [[Lesotho]]
| 2.88
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Nyuzilandi]]
| 2.86
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131
|-
| [[Hungaria]]
| 2.84
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205
|-
| [[Sierra Leone]]
| 2.82
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61
|-
| [[Eire]]
| 2.80
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Liechtenstein]]
| 2.78
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Gabon]]
| 2.74
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77
|-
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| 2.69
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Kroatia]]
| 2.68
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Slovenia]]
| 2.66
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83
|-
| [[Namibia]]
| 2.65
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96
|-
| [[Tunisia]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Ufilipino]]
| 2.64
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99
|-
| [[Kodivaa]]
| 2.60
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100
|-
| [[Jamhuri ya China]]
| 2.54
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92
|-
| [[Moldova]]
| 2.52
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44
|-
| [[Bahrain]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60
|-
| [[Norwei]]
| 2.51
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120
|-
| [[Luxemburg]]
| 2.49
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103
|-
| [[Masedonia Kaskazini]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115
|-
| [[Yordani]]
| 2.48
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108
|-
| [[Mongolia]]
| 2.42
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163
|-
| [[Belarus]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69
|-
| [[Serbia]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Turkmenistan]]
| 2.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gambia]]
| 2.39
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66
|-
| [[Iraki]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138
|-
| [[Nepal]]
| 2.37
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65
|-
| [[Timor ya Mashariki]]
| 2.34
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Tuvalu]]
| 2.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50
|-
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Yemen]]
| 2.32
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87
|-
| [[Andorra]]
| 2.30
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130
|-
| [[Kirgizia]]
| 2.26
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52
|-
| [[Romania]]
| 2.25
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81
|-
| [[Sao Tome na Principe]]
| 2.23
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94
|-
| [[Bangladesh]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217
|-
| [[Libya]]
| 2.22
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107
|-
| [[Armenia]]
| 2.19
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64
|-
| [[Welisi]]
| 2.14
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49
|-
| [[Ucheki]]
| 2.11
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164
|-
| [[Sahara ya Magharibi]]
| 2.10
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75
|-
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| 2.09
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76
|-
| [[Kuwait]]
| 2.07
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73
|-
| [[Malaysia]]
| 2.06
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95
|-
| [[Kupro]]
| 2.04
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80
|-
| [[Maldivi]]
| 2.02
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144
|-
| colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Cook]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109
|-
| [[Montenegro]]
| 1.99
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Nauru]]
| 1.98
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37
|-
| [[Ossetia Kusini]]
| 1.97
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7
|-
| [[Vanuatu]]
| 1.96
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31
|-
| [[Togo]]
| 1.95
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85
|-
| [[Albania]]
| 1.92
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Mauritania]]
| 1.91
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72
|-
| [[Samoa]]
| 1.82
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33
|-
| [[Georgia]]
| 1.72
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86
|-
| [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]]
| 1.71
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16
|-
| [[Lituanya]]
| 1.69
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48
|-
| [[Gine]]
| 1.67
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42
|-
| [[Niue]]
| 1.66
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14
|-
| [[Abkhazia]]
| 1.58
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Tajikistan]]
| 1.55
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|-
| [[Palau]]
| 1.53
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Solomon]]
| 1.51
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Gibraltar]]
| 1.41
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29
|-
| [[Estonia]]
| 1.40
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41
|-
| [[Kiribati]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]]
| 1.38
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26
|-
| [[Samoa ya Marekani]]
| 1.36
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27
|-
| [[Slovakia]]
| 1.33
| style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53
|-
| [[Visiwa vya Mariana]]
| 1.25
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17
|-
| [[Tonga]]
| 1.11
| style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46
|}
==Takwimu==
===Takwimu za Jumla===
{| class="wikitable"
! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko
|-
| Jumla ya Makala || 172 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34935 || —
|-
| Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 30743 || ↓ -7.2%
|-
| Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 203.1 || —
|-
| Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 178.7 || —
|}
===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko
|-
| 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2822 || ↓ -9.0%
|-
| 2 || [[Cabo Verde]] || 1407 || ↑ +1082.4%
|-
| 3 || [[Marekani]] || 1349 || ↑ +22.2%
|-
| 4 || [[Urusi]] || 767 || ↑ +63.9%
|-
| 5 || [[Kenya]] || 727 || ↓ -3.3%
|-
| 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 679 || ↑ +2.1%
|-
| 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 585 || ↑ +13.2%
|-
| 8 || [[Burundi]] || 483 || ↓ -4.7%
|-
| 9 || [[Uturuki]] || 477 || ↑ +8.4%
|-
| 10 || [[Irani]] || 476 || ↓ -59.9%
|-
|}
====Wahariri====
Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365)
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia
|-
| 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 652 || 44.7%
|-
| 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 358 || 24.5%
|-
| 3 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 127 || 8.7%
|-
| 4 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 121 || 8.3%
|-
| 5 || [[User:~2025-60637-6|~2025-60637-6]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 6 || [[User:~2025-61248-5|~2025-61248-5]] || 12 || 0.8%
|-
| 7 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.5%
|-
| 8 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 7 || 0.5%
|-
| 9 || [[User:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
| 10 || [[User:~2025-43584-58|~2025-43584-58]] || 5 || 0.3%
|-
|}
7ekz3ccsymlnsvg5svjva4kolakhgey
Utamaduni wa Guinea
0
208865
1574564
1438086
2026-06-18T15:30:07Z
InternetArchiveBot
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{{Infobox Utamaduni
| jina_la_nchi = Guinea
| picha = Flag of Guinea.svg
| maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Guinea
| idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 24
| lugha_rasmi = Kifaransa
| lugha_nyingine = Fula, Mandinka, Susu, Kissi, Kpelle, na nyinginezo
| vyakula_vikuu = Jollof rice, cassava leaves, grilled fish, domoda, groundnut stew
| dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 85%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi
}}
[[File:Guinea Dinguiraye market.jpg|thumb|Mwanamama muuza genge katika soko la [[Dinguiraye]].]]
'''Utamaduni wa [[Guinea]]''' unaakisi urithi wa makabila zaidi ya 24, ukiwemo [[Wafula]], [[Wamandinka]], [[Wasusso]], [[Wakissi]] na [[Wakpelle]]. Kila kabila lina lugha, mila na desturi zake, huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa lugha rasmi ya taifa. Lugha za asili kama [[Kifula]], [[Kimandinka]] na [[Kisusu]] hutumika sana katika maisha ya kila siku. [[Uislamu]] ndio dini kuu, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya asilimia 85 ya wakazi, huku [[Ukristo]] na imani za jadi zikiendelea kuwepo kwa kiwango kidogo katika baadhi ya jamii.
== Muziki ==
Muziki na ngoma ni kiini cha utambulisho wa [[Guinea]]. Ala za jadi kama balafon, kora na djembe hutumika katika sherehe za kijamii na kidini. Tamasha maarufu kama Festival des Masques huadhimishwa na jamii za [[Wabaga]] na [[Wanalu]], likiwa na ngoma za barakoa, midundo ya kitamaduni na ibada za kuenzi mababu. Wahifadhi wa historia wanaojulikana kama griots huimba mashairi ya kihistoria na mafundisho ya kijamii.
== Chakula ==
Chakula cha Guinea ni mchanganyiko wa ladha za Afrika Magharibi. Pishi maarufu ni pamoja na ubwabwa wa jollof, majani ya mihogo, samaki wa kuchoma na karanga za kusaga. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya kienyeji kama pilipili, vitunguu na nyanya, na huliwa kwa mikono kama ishara ya mshikamano wa kifamilia. Katika miji kama [[Conakry]] na [[Kankan]], vyakula vya kisasa huambatana na mapishi ya jadi.
Usanifu wa majengo nchini Guinea huonyesha athari za Kiislamu na urithi wa jadi. [[Msikiti Mkuu wa Kankan]] ni mfano mashuhuri wa usanifu wa adobe, uliojengwa kwa udongo na kuni, na ni alama ya urithi wa Kiislamu wa karne ya 19. Sanaa ya ufinyanzi, ususi wa vikapu na uchongaji wa vinyago huendelea kufanywa na mafundi wa ndani, wakihifadhi mbinu za vizazi vya zamani.
== Marejeo ==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.studycountry.com/guide/GN-culture.htm |title=The Culture of Guinea |website=StudyCountry |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea/culture/ |title=Guinean Culture: Customs and Traditions |website=AnotherTravel |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archive-date=2025-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718035940/https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea/culture/ |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-ya-kankan-Guinea.html |title=Kankan, Guinea – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
{{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}}
[[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]]
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]]
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Guinea]]
10487fa2734fgzzoxr0yqalr7nrop2c
Utamaduni wa Guinea-Bissau
0
208867
1574565
1441393
2026-06-18T15:32:13Z
InternetArchiveBot
41439
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{{Infobox Utamaduni
| jina_la_nchi = Guinea-Bissau
| picha = Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg
| maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Guinea-Bissau
| idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 20
| lugha_rasmi = Kireno
| lugha_nyingine = Balanta, Mandinka, Fula, Manjaco, Papel, na nyinginezo
| vyakula_vikuu = Jollof rice, domoda, samaki wa kukaanga, mchuzi wa karanga, mboga za majani
| dini_kubwa = Uislamu, Ukristo, na dini za jadi
}}
[[File:20130610-DSC 9001 (9173913319) (2).jpg|thumb|Vijana wa Guinea-Bissau wakipata chakula cha pamoja.]]
'''Utamaduni wa [[Guinea-Bissau]]''' unaakisi mchanganyiko wa mila za Kiafrika, athari za [[Kireno]] na urithi wa kidini unaojumuisha [[Uislamu]], [[Ukristo]] na imani za jadi. Nchi hii ina zaidi ya makabila 20, yakiwemo [[Wabalanta]], [[Wamandinka]], [[Wafulani]], [[Wapapel]] na [[Wamanjaco]], kila moja likiwa na lugha, desturi, na sherehe zake za kipekee. [[Kireno]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini lugha za asili kama [[Balanta]], [[Mandinka]] na [[Fula]] hutumika sana katika maisha ya kila siku, hasa vijijini.
== Sherehe ==
[[Sherehe]] maarufu kama Tabanka huadhimishwa na jamii ya Wabalanta kwa [[heshima]] ya mababu na kuomba baraka za kijamii. Sherehe hii hujumuisha muziki wa jadi, ngoma na [[mavazi]] ya rangi. [[Muziki]] wa [[Guinea Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] ni wa aina mbalimbali, ukiwemo gumbe, kussunde, na djambadon, mitindo inayochanganya midundo ya Kiafrika na athari za [[Kireno]]. Ala kama balafon, kora na ngoma hutumika kuandamana na dansi za kijamii na [[ibada]].
== Sanaa ==
Sanaa ya [[Guinea Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] hujumuisha [[uchongaji]] wa vinyago, [[ususi]] wa vikapu, na uchoraji wa barakoa za kitamaduni. [[Imani]] za jadi kama ushirikina, ibada za [[mizimu]], na Usufi huendelea kuathiri maisha ya kiroho, hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini. [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] huadhimisha [[Eid al-Fitr]] na [[Eid al-Adha]] kwa sala za pamoja, karamu, na matendo ya hisani, huku [[Wakristo]] wakisherehekea [[Krismasi]] na [[Pasaka]] kwa ibada na mikusanyiko ya kifamilia.
== Chakula ==
[[Chakula]] cha [[Guinea Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] ni mchanganyiko wa mapishi ya ndani na athari za [[Kireno]]. Pishi maarufu ni pamoja na ubwabwa wa jollof, domoda (mchuzi wa karanga), caldo de mancarra, na [[samaki]] wa kukaanga. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya kienyeji kama pilipili, vitunguu, na nyanya, na huliwa kwa mikono kama ishara ya mshikamano wa kifamilia.
== Marejeo ==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau-tribes-languages/guinea-bissaus-cultural-diversity-exploring-ethnic-groups-and-indigenous-languages/ |title=Guinea-Bissau’s Cultural Diversity: Exploring Ethnic Groups and Indigenous Languages |website=AfroDiscovery |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/Guinea-bissau-historia-ya-usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu.html |title=Guinea-Bissau – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea-bissau/culture/ |title=Guinea-Bissau Culture: Customs, Traditions, and Etiquette |website=AnotherTravel |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archive-date=2025-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718040538/https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea-bissau/culture/ |url-status=dead }}
{{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}}
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]]
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Guinea Bisau]]
[[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]]
lt78qukrhamecr4xdehvu2jkbbqb8h6
Vénérand Kazohera
0
208879
1574588
1436844
2026-06-18T18:13:37Z
InternetArchiveBot
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{{Infobox Person
|jina = Vénérand Kazohera
|picha =
|maelezo_ya_picha =
|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa =
|mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Wilaya ya Nyarusange, Mkoa wa Gitaga, Burundi
|tarehe_ya_kufariki =
|mahala_alipofia =
|majina_mengine =
|anafahamika kwa =
|kazi_yake = Mfanyabiashara
|nchi = [[Burundi]]
}}
'''Vénérand Kazohera''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Burundi]]. Alikuwa mfuasi mashuhuri wa chama tawala cha ''CNDD-FDD'' chini ya raisi [[Pierre Nkurunziza]] ([[2005]]-[[2020]]), na aliendelea kuwa hai chini ya raisi [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] (kutoka [[2020]]). <ref>{{cite web |title=Nkurunziza emmène avec lui une délégation impressionnante en Suède |url=http://www.arib.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=317 |accessdate=2025-07-11 |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125160711/http://www.arib.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=317 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[jamii:watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Burundi]]
[[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]]
0d8d55q2hikqj4h4khglc16zdlm490m
Utamaduni wa Mauritania
0
208923
1574566
1438132
2026-06-18T15:35:43Z
InternetArchiveBot
41439
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{{Infobox Utamaduni
| jina_la_nchi = Mauritania
| picha = Flag of Mauritania.svg
| maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Mauritania
| idadi_ya_makabila= Waarabu-Berber, Afro-Mauritanians, Soninke, Wolof, Fulani
| lugha_rasmi = Kiarabu
| lugha_nyingine = Hassaniya, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof
| vyakula_vikuu = Thieboudienne, mbeyu, couscous, chai ya mnanaa, nyama ya ngamia
| dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 99%), hasa Sunni
}}
'''Utamaduni wa Mauritania''' umejengwa juu ya urithi wa [[Uislamu]], maisha ya [[jangwa]], na mila za [[Waarabu-Berber]] na Waafrika wa Kusini mwa Sahara. Nchi hii ina historia ndefu ya biashara ya karne ya kati, hasa kupitia [[Chinguetti]], mji wa kihistoria wa elimu ya Kiislamu. Uislamu wa Sunni ndio dini kuu, na unaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa mavazi, ibada, sheria, na maisha ya kila siku. Sherehe kama [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Adha]], na [[Mawlid al-Nabi]] huadhimishwa kwa sala, karamu, na mikusanyiko ya kijamii.
Maisha ya kuhamahama (nomadic) bado yana nafasi katika utambulisho wa kitaifa, hasa miongoni mwa jamii za [[Bedouin]] na [[Berber]]. Sherehe ya ''Nouakchott International Festival of Nomadic Culture'' huonyesha ngoma, mbio za ngamia, na sanaa za mikono za jamii hizi. Muziki wa jadi hutumia ala kama ardine (zeze ya wanawake), tidinit (zeze ya wanaume), na nyimbo za griot (wahifadhi wa historia), huku dansi za kijadi zikifuatana na mashairi ya Kiislamu na simulizi za kifamilia.
Chakula cha Mauritania ni mchanganyiko wa ladha za Kiarabu na Afrika Magharibi. Sahani maarufu ni thieboudienne (samaki wa viungo na wali), mbeyu (keki za muhogo), na couscous ya nyama au mboga. Chai ya mnanaa yenye sukari nyingi ni sehemu ya utamaduni wa ukarimu, na huandaliwa kwa mizunguko mitatu ya kikombe kama ishara ya urafiki. Mila ya kula kwa mkono wa kulia na kuheshimu wazee huendelea kuheshimiwa, hasa nje ya miji mikubwa.
== Marejeo ==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu-ya-mauritania.html |title=Historia ya Kiislamu na Utamaduni wa Mauritania |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/mauritania/culture/ |title=Mauritania Culture, Customs and Traditions |website=AnotherTravel |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archive-date=2025-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206203817/https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/mauritania/culture/ |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.studycountry.com/guide/MR-culture.htm |title=The Culture of Mauritania |website=StudyCountry |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
{{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}}
[[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]]
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]]
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Mauritania]]
8vlzj7zyup6kfcwi81ivfam8dd5m36c
Utamaduni wa São Tomé na Príncipe
0
208928
1574568
1441404
2026-06-18T15:38:56Z
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{{Infobox Utamaduni
| jina_la_nchi = São Tomé na Príncipe
| picha = Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg
| maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya São Tomé na Príncipe
| idadi_ya makabila= Forros, Angolars, Tongas, Serviçais, na wengineo
| lugha_rasmi = Kireno
| lugha_nyingine = Forro, Angolar, Principense, Kifaransa, Kiingereza
| vyakula_vikuu = Calulu, feijoada, arroz doce, samaki wa tanuri, cassava, ndizi za kupika
| dini_kubwa = Ukristo (hasa Katoliki), na imani za jadi
}}
'''Utamaduni wa São Tomé na Príncipe''' unaakisi mchanganyiko wa urithi wa Kiafrika, athari za ukoloni wa [[Kireno]], na mila za visiwa vya Bahari ya Guinea. Nchi hii ina makundi ya kikabila kama [[Forros]] (wazawa wa watumwa waliopata uhuru), [[Angolars]] (wazao wa watumwa waliotoroka), [[Tongas]] (wafanyakazi wa mkataba kutoka Afrika), na [[Serviçais]] (wafanyakazi wa mashamba), kila moja likiwa na historia na tamaduni zake. [[Kireno]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini lugha za asili kama [[Kiforro]], [[Angolar]], na [[Kiprincipensi|Kiprincipense]] hutumika katika maisha ya kila siku, hasa katika simulizi, muziki, na ibada.
== Muziki ==
Muziki wa São Tomé na Príncipe hujumuisha mitindo ya jadi kama dêxa, ússua, na socopé, ambayo huambatana na dansi za kitamaduni zilizoathiriwa na ngoma za Kiafrika na dansi za Kireno. Tamasha maarufu kama Festa de São João huadhimisha mtakatifu mlinzi wa visiwa, kwa maandamano, ngoma, na karamu za kijamii. Sanaa ya visiwa hivi hujumuisha uchoraji wa mandhari ya kitropiki, uchongaji wa vinyago, na utengenezaji wa papa figo filimbi ya jadi ya ganda la tikiti au mianzi.
== Chakula ==
Chakula cha São Tomé na Príncipe ni mchanganyiko wa mapishi ya Kireno na Kiafrika. Sahani maarufu ni calulu (kitoweo cha [[samaki]] au [[nyama]] kilichopikwa na mboga na viungo), feijoada (mchuzi wa maharage na nyama), arroz doce (wali mtamu wa nazi au mahindi), na samaki wa tanuri unaoandaliwa kwa viungo vya baharini. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya asili kama pilipili, nazi, na mboga za majani, na huliwa kwa mikono katika familia au sherehe.
== Marejeo ==
* {{cite web |url=https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/sao-tome-and-principe/sao-tome-and-principe-tribes-languages/indigenous-peoples-of-sao-tome-and-principe-traditions-customs-and-heritage/ |title=Indigenous Peoples of São Tomé and Príncipe: Traditions, Customs, and Heritage |website=AfroDiscovery |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-culture-of-sao-tome-and-principe.html |title=The Culture of São Tomé and Príncipe |website=WorldAtlas |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/sao-tome-and-principe/culture/ |title=São Tomé & Príncipe Culture, Customs and Etiquette |website=AnotherTravel |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archive-date=2024-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414042317/https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/sao-tome-and-principe/culture/ |url-status=dead }}
{{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}}
[[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]]
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|S]]
[[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Sao Tome na Principe]]
eofzyzlagjgfhs5plybtflw1nrtfnmj
Bakisimba
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Riccardo Riccioni
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{| style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 350px; font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #aaa; background: #f9f9f9; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 115%; font-weight: bold; background-color:#f2f2f2; padding: 0.6em;" | Bakisimba (Ngoma ya Kitamaduni ya Buganda)
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 0.3em;" | [[File:Uganda Traditional Dance Performances at Ndere Centre 30.jpg|300px]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 85%; padding: 0.3em;" | '''Wachezaji wakitumbuiza ngoma ya Bakisimba '''
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Jina
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Bakisimba (pia: Baakisiimba, Nankasa, Muwogola)
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Jamii inayocheza
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Baganda
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Eneo
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Uganda ya Kati {{flagicon|Uganda}}
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Aina
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Ngoma ya kitamaduni ya kifalme
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Dhumuni
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Sherehe, kuenzi mizimu na mababu, maadhimisho ya kijamii
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Asili ya kihistoria
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Ilitokana na harakati za Mfalme Ssuuna akiwa amelewa, ilianzia ikulu
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Vyombo vya muziki
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Ngoma, vijikengele, midundo ya jadi
|-
! style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Leo
| style="text-align: left; padding: 0.3em 0.6em;" | Huchezwa katika sherehe za kijamii, harusi, tamasha na hafla rasmi
|}
'''Bakisimba''' (pia huitwa '''Baakisiimba''', '''Nankasa''', au '''Muwogola''') ni aina ya [[Ngoma (muziki)|ngoma]] ya kitamaduni inayotoka kwa watu wa Baganda wa [[Ufalme wa Buganda]] ulioko katika Uganda ya Kati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Off to dance |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=New Vision |language=en |archive-date=2022-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Dance of the Uganda people - text in English |url=http://www.face-music.ch/instrum/uganda_danceen.html |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.face-music.ch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-23 |title=Uganda Traditional Dances. Top Cultural Dances In Uganda {{!}} Exclusive African Safaris |url=https://ugandasafariexperts.com/uganda-traditional-dances/ |access-date=2024-01-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> Inaaminika kuwa asili ya ngoma hii ilitokana na harakati za [[Mfalme Ssuuna]] wa Buganda akiwa amelewa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-08-26 |title=Traditional Dances of Uganda - Popular Dances {{!}} Guide to Uganda |url=https://www.guidetouganda.com/about-uganda/culture/traditional-dances/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625082156/https://www.guidetouganda.com/about-uganda/culture/traditional-dances/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hapo awali, ngoma hii ilikuwa ikichezwa katika Ikulu ya kifalme ya Buganda na imekuwa na umuhimu mkubwa wa kitamaduni na kijamii miongoni mwa jamii. Kwa sasa, huchezwa mara nyingi katika sherehe za [[Kabila|kikabila]], sikukuu, na hafla mbalimbali za [[Jamii|kijamii]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nannyonga-Tamusuza |first=Sylvia A. |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/6314592 |title=Baakisimba: gender in the music and dance of the Baganda people of Uganda |date=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-96776-1 |series=Current research in ethnomusicology |location=New York |access-date=2024-01-09 |archive-date=2024-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110073727/https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/6314592 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=John. |title=Bakisimba Dance: A Cultural Celebration of the Baganda People. |journal=Journal of African Studies |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=45–62}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Bakisimba dance inspired by the drunkard’s quick steps |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/bakisimba-dance-inspired-by-the-drunkard-s-quick-steps-1548384 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Monitor |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110073711/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/bakisimba-dance-inspired-by-the-drunkard-s-quick-steps-1548384 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Historia ==
Asili ya Ngoma ya [[Bakisimba]] inarudi nyuma karne nyingi zilizopita, ikiwa imejikita sana katika mila na tamaduni za watu wa Buganda. Ngoma hii imekuwa sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa Baganda kwa karne nyingi, na ni mojawapo ya ngoma maarufu na zinazochezwa sana nchini [[Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Makanga |first=Samuel |date=2014-03-19 |title=The Baganda Bakisimba Traditional Dance - Uganda safaris News |url=https://www.primeugandasafaris.com/the-baganda-bakisimba-traditional-dance-uganda-safari-news/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Prime Uganda Safaris |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110073711/https://www.primeugandasafaris.com/the-baganda-bakisimba-traditional-dance-uganda-safari-news/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Inaaminika kwamba ngoma hii ilianzishwa kutokana na harakati za Mfalme Ssuuna wa Buganda alipokuwa amelewa. Mwanzoni, ilikuwa ni ngoma ya kifalme iliyochezwa ndani ya ikulu ya kifalme, na ilitumika kama njia ya kuwaenzi mizimu na mababu, wakiomba baraka na ulinzi wao.
Kadri muda ulivyopita, ngoma ya Bakisimba imeendelea kukua na kuchukua nafasi ya kipekee kama ishara ya umoja, fahari ya kijamii, na uhifadhi wa utamaduni miongoni mwa watu wa Buganda.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Why we dance the way we do |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/entertainment/why-we-dance-the-way-we-do--1608312 |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=Monitor |language=en |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107151525/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/entertainment/why-we-dance-the-way-we-do--1608312 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
[[Jamii:utamaduni wa Uganda]]
[[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]]
[[Jamii:Buganda]]
[[Jamii:Ngoma]]
a6hjbzoktrfybew9hiqdl80477z6qop
Tinga Chan, Tinga Tanzania
0
211183
1574514
1527227
2026-06-18T12:32:03Z
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'''Tinga Chan, Tinga Tanzania''' ni kampeni maalumu kwa ajili ya CHAN [[2025]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tanzaniatourism.go.tz/tanzania-tourism-board-launches-tinga-tanzania-tinga-chan-campaign/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-07-31 |archive-date=2025-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814061057/https://www.tanzaniatourism.go.tz/tanzania-tourism-board-launches-tinga-tanzania-tinga-chan-campaign/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kampeni ya Tinga Chan, Tinga Tanzania ni mpango maalumu uliobuniwa na Bodi ya Utalii Tanzania (TTB) kwa kushirikiana na Wizara ya [[Habari]], [[Utamaduni]], [[Sanaa]] na [[Michezo]], kwa lengo la kuitangaza [[Tanzania]] na vivutio vyake vya [[utalii]] kupitia mashindano ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] kwa Wachezaji wa Ndani (CHAN), ambayo yamepangwa kufanyika kuanzia tarehe [[2 Agosti]] hadi tarehe [[30 Agosti]], mwaka 2025.<ref>https://dailynews.co.tz/tanzania-launches-tinga-chan-tinga-tanzania-slogan/</ref>
==Uzinduzi wa Kampeni==
Kampeni hii ilizinduliwa rasmi mnamo tarehe [[31 Julai]] 2025, katika viwanja vya Leaders Club jijini [[Dar es Salaam]]. Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa TTB, Bw. Ephraim Mafuru, alieleza kuwa lengo kuu la kampeni ni kutumia fursa ya CHAN 2025 kuvitangaza vivutio vya utalii vya Tanzania ndani na nje ya nchi.
Kwa mujibu wa Mafuru, mataifa 19 ya [[Afrika]] yatashiriki katika mashindano hayo. Aidha, Watanzania kutoka mikoa ya [[Arusha]], [[Mwanza]], [[Mbeya]], [[Dodoma]] na Dar es Salaam wataweza kutazama mechi moja kwa moja kupitia maeneo maalum ya kuoneshea michezo.
==Wito kwa Umma na Maandalizi==
Kwa upande wake, Kaimu Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Habari (MAELEZO), Bw. Rodney Thadeus, alithibitisha kuwa maandalizi ya CHAN 2025 yamekamilika kikamilifu, na akaeleza kuwa mashindano hayo ni zaidi ya tukio la michezo.
==Umuhimu wa Kampeni==
Kampeni ya Tinga Chan, Tinga Tanzania inatarajiwa kuongeza mwamko wa kitaifa kuhusu utalii, kuhamasisha ushiriki wa jamii katika michezo, na kuimarisha taswira ya Tanzania kimataifa kupitia ushiriki wake katika mashindano ya CHAN.
== Usaidizi na Ushiriki wa CHAN 2025 ==
Mashindano ya CHAN 2024 (yanayofanyika mwaka 2025) yalifanyika kwa mara ya kwanza kwa mfumo wa wenyeji watatu, yakisimamiwa na Kenya, Tanzania na Uganda kati ya tarehe 2 Agosti hadi 30 Agosti 2025.Tanzania iliboresha miundombinu yake ikiwemo uwanja wa Benjamin Mkapa jijini Dar es Salaam na kufanikisha kuifikisha timu ya Taifa (Taifa Stars) hatua ya robo fainali kwa mara ya kwanza katika historia ya michuano hii. Katika hatua ya makundi, Tanzania ilimaliza ikiwa na pointi 10 baada ya kushinda mechi tatu kati ya nne na kuruhusu goli moja pekee, kabla ya kuondolewa na Morocco kwenye robo fainali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania vs Morocco robo fainali dume Uwanja wa Mkapa|url=https://blog.sportpesa.co.tz/2025/08/22/tanzania-vs-morocco-robo-fainali-dume-uwanja-wa-mkapa/|date=2025-08-22|accessdate=2025-09-11|language=en-GB|author=Lunyamadizo Mlyuka}}</ref>
== Tanbihi ==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu-michezo}}
[[Jamii: Michezo nchini Tanzania]]
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1574529
1574514
2026-06-18T13:51:33Z
Gayle-Bot
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'''Tinga Chan, Tinga Tanzania''' ni kampeni maalumu kwa ajili ya CHAN [[2025]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.tanzaniatourism.go.tz/tanzania-tourism-board-launches-tinga-tanzania-tinga-chan-campaign/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-07-31 |archive-date=2025-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250814061057/https://www.tanzaniatourism.go.tz/tanzania-tourism-board-launches-tinga-tanzania-tinga-chan-campaign/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kampeni ya Tinga Chan, Tinga Tanzania ni mpango maalumu uliobuniwa na Bodi ya Utalii Tanzania (TTB) kwa kushirikiana na Wizara ya [[Habari]], [[Utamaduni]], [[Sanaa]] na [[Michezo]], kwa lengo la kuitangaza [[Tanzania]] na vivutio vyake vya [[utalii]] kupitia mashindano ya [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika]] kwa Wachezaji wa Ndani (CHAN), ambayo yamepangwa kufanyika kuanzia tarehe [[2 Agosti]] hadi tarehe [[30 Agosti]], mwaka 2025.<ref>https://dailynews.co.tz/tanzania-launches-tinga-chan-tinga-tanzania-slogan/</ref>
==Uzinduzi wa Kampeni==
Kampeni hii ilizinduliwa rasmi mnamo tarehe [[31 Julai]] 2025, katika viwanja vya Leaders Club jijini [[Dar es Salaam]]. Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa TTB, Bw. Ephraim Mafuru, alieleza kuwa lengo kuu la kampeni ni kutumia fursa ya CHAN 2025 kuvitangaza vivutio vya utalii vya Tanzania ndani na nje ya nchi.
Kwa mujibu wa Mafuru, mataifa 19 ya [[Afrika]] yatashiriki katika mashindano hayo. Aidha, Watanzania kutoka mikoa ya [[Arusha]], [[Mwanza]], [[Mbeya]], [[Dodoma]] na Dar es Salaam wataweza kutazama mechi moja kwa moja kupitia maeneo maalum ya kuoneshea michezo.
==Wito kwa Umma na Maandalizi==
Kwa upande wake, Kaimu Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Habari (MAELEZO), Bw. Rodney Thadeus, alithibitisha kuwa maandalizi ya CHAN 2025 yamekamilika kikamilifu, na akaeleza kuwa mashindano hayo ni zaidi ya tukio la michezo.
==Umuhimu wa Kampeni==
Kampeni ya Tinga Chan, Tinga Tanzania inatarajiwa kuongeza mwamko wa kitaifa kuhusu utalii, kuhamasisha ushiriki wa jamii katika michezo, na kuimarisha taswira ya Tanzania kimataifa kupitia ushiriki wake katika mashindano ya CHAN.
== Usaidizi na Ushiriki wa CHAN 2025 ==
Mashindano ya CHAN 2024 (yanayofanyika mwaka 2025) yalifanyika kwa mara ya kwanza kwa mfumo wa wenyeji watatu, yakisimamiwa na Kenya, Tanzania na Uganda kati ya tarehe 2 Agosti hadi 30 Agosti 2025.Tanzania iliboresha miundombinu yake ikiwemo uwanja wa Benjamin Mkapa jijini Dar es Salaam na kufanikisha kuifikisha timu ya Taifa (Taifa Stars) hatua ya robo fainali kwa mara ya kwanza katika historia ya michuano hii. Katika hatua ya makundi, Tanzania ilimaliza ikiwa na pointi 10 baada ya kushinda mechi tatu kati ya nne na kuruhusu goli moja pekee, kabla ya kuondolewa na Morocco kwenye robo fainali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania vs Morocco robo fainali dume Uwanja wa Mkapa|url=https://blog.sportpesa.co.tz/2025/08/22/tanzania-vs-morocco-robo-fainali-dume-uwanja-wa-mkapa/|date=2025-08-22|accessdate=2025-09-11|language=en-GB|author=Lunyamadizo Mlyuka}}</ref>
== Tanbihi ==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu-michezo}}
[[Jamii: Michezo nchini Tanzania]]
aehn57py0dd3acpninpd488ykt1l2o0
Yodo-dono
0
212175
1574612
1446671
2026-06-18T20:42:54Z
InternetArchiveBot
41439
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'''Yodo-dono''' (pia alijulikana kama '''Lady Chacha'''; [[1569]] – [[4 Juni]] [[1615]]) alikuwa mhusika wa kihistoria wa [[Japani]] mwishoni mwa Kipindi cha Sengoku. Alikuwa mke mdogo na mke wa pili wa mtawala wa [[Japani]] Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Akiwa mama wa mwana na mrithi wake Toyotomi Hideyori, alifanya kazi kama mlezi wake katika juhudi za kurudisha heshima ya ukoo wa Toyotomi baada ya kuporomoka kwa Baraza la Wazee Watano. Pamoja na mwanae, aliongoza upinzani wa mwisho dhidi ya Shogun wa Tokugawa katika Kuzingirwa kwa [[Osaka]].
Yodo-dono alikuwa binti wa Oichi na dada wa Ohatsu na Oeyo. Wakati dada zake wawili wadogo walipokuwa wake mashuhuri waliounganishwa na ukoo wa Tokugawa, yeye na dada zake walikuwa kiungo muhimu katika kudumisha mahusiano ya kidiplomasia kati ya koo mbili zenye nguvu zaidi za wakati huo, Toyotomi na Tokugawa. Dada yake Oeyo alikuwa mke wa Tokugawa Hidetada, shogun wa pili, na mama wa ukoo wa mfululizo wa mashogun waliomfuata, hivyo akapewa cheo cha kisiasa cha Omidaidokoro.
Katika juhudi za kutukuza Shogun wa Tokugawa, Yodo-dono mara nyingi alionyeshwa kama [[mwanamke]] "mwovu na mwasherati" aliyepanga maangamizi ya Toyotomi. Baada ya kifo cha Hideyoshi mnamo 1598, alichukua umwana-nanga wa Kibudha, akipewa jina la Daikōin. Pia ndiye mwanzilishi wa hekalu la Yogen-in.<ref name="obama1">[http://www.city.obama.fukui.jp/section/sec_sekaiisan/english/data/290.htm "The silk coloured portrait of wife of Takatsugu Kyogoku"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506142910/http://www.city.obama.fukui.jp/section/sec_sekaiisan/english/data/290.htm |date=May 6, 2011 }} Digital Cultural Properties of Wakasa Obama; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100918124852/http://www.pref.gifu.lg.jp/pref/s11334/mannaka/e/sankai/sengoku/shiga/main.html Oichinokata], Gifu prefecture website.</ref><ref>Wilson, Richard L. (1985). [https://books.google.com/books?id=iK-GAAAAIAAJ&q=chacha+tokugawa ''Ogata Kenzan (1663–1743)'', p. 40.]</ref><ref>Sengoku Expo: [https://web.archive.org/web/20050322204916/http://www.sengoku-expo.net/text/person/E/082.html biography]</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1569|1615}}
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Japani]]
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The Marriage of Mariamu
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'''The Marriage of Mariamu''' ni filamu inayomuelezea [[mwanamke]] aitwaye Mariamu ambaye aliyekuwa akisumbuliwa na [[maradhi]] mabaya na wale waliokuwa watu wake karibu wanajikuta wakipingana na maadili yao ya [[jadi]].<ref>{{Citation|title=The Marriage of Mariamu (1985)|url=https://trakt.tv/movies/the-marriage-of-mariamu-1985|access-date=2025-08-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation|title=The Marriage of Mariamu (1985) - Trailer, Cast & Reviews - Mabumbe|url=https://mabumbe.com/movies/titles/723691/the-marriage-of-mariamu|language=en|access-date=2025-08-23}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=The Marriage of Mariamu (1985) {{!}} MUBI|url=https://mubi.com/en/es/films/the-marriage-of-mariamu|language=en|access-date=2025-08-23}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=The Marriage of Mariamu (Short 1985) - Photos - IMDb|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0235573/mediaindex/|language=en-US|access-date=2025-08-23}}</ref> Filamu hii iliandikiwa na kuongozwa na Ron Mulvihill pamoja na Nangayoma Ng'oge.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marriage of Mariamu = Arusi ya Mariamu ; Sharing is unity {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/961912521|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2025-08-23|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu-filamu}}
[[Jamii:filamu za 1985]]
[[Jamii:ACWP+ film in Tanzania]]
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Ulric Cross
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'''Philip Louis Ulric Cross''' DSO DFC ([[1 Mei]] [[1917]] – [[4 Oktoba]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] na rubani wa Jeshi la Anga la Royal Air Force (RAF) kutoka [[Trinidad na Tobago]], anayetambulika kama huenda ndiye M-West India aliyepambwa zaidi katika [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://thecottontree.org/who-we-are/board/justice-ulric-cross |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2023-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923072733/http://thecottontree.org/who-we-are/board/justice-ulric-cross |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anasifiwa kwa kusaidia kuzuia takriban ndege za mabomu mia mbili zisidunguliwe katika uvamizi juu ya anga la Ujerumani mnamo 1943.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jul/14/trinidadian-war-hero-told-raf-superiors-he-was-african-royalty</ref> Alisoma sheria huko Middle Temple jijini [[London]], na kuendelea kuwa na taaluma mashuhuri ya kimataifa kama mwanasheria barani [[Afrika]] na ndani ya Trinidad na Tobago. Pia alihudumu kama mwanadiplomasia wa Trinidad na Tobago nchini Uingereza.
== Maisha yake mwanzoni ==
Ulric Cross alizaliwa Mei 1, 1917, huko [[Belmont]], [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad na Tobago|Trinidad]], kwa Reginald Rufus na Maud Iris Cross.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/185183/185198/185199/185203/justice_p__l__ulric_cross/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2013-07-05 |archive-date=2012-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929235225/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/185183/185198/185199/185203/justice_p__l__ulric_cross/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alikuwa mtoto wa pili katika familia ya watoto tisa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://archives.newsday.co.tt/2007/04/29/endowment-fund-for-cotton-tree-founder/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424181306/http://archives.newsday.co.tt/2007/04/29/endowment-fund-for-cotton-tree-founder/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 11, alishika nafasi ya kwanza katika Mtihani wa Scholarship wa Maonyesho ya Serikali ya Trinidad, hivyo kustahiki miaka mitano ya elimu ya sekondari ya bure, na akafaulu kujiunga katika Chuo cha [[St Mary's college]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.catholicnews-tt.net/joomla/archives-2009/43-feature/1023-fea011109 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006200306/http://www.catholicnews-tt.net/joomla/archives-2009/43-feature/1023-fea011109 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alifadhaika sana na kifo cha mama yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 tu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://caribbeantales-newz.com/telling-our-stories-by-any-means-necessary |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2013-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526124812/http://caribbeantales-newz.com/telling-our-stories-by-any-means-necessary |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ctntworld.com/cnews2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2974:heroes-foundation-features-ulric-cross&catid=137&Itemid=707</ref> Mwelekeo wake wa kitaaluma ulivurugika kabisa, na hivyo, baada ya kukamilisha miaka mitano ya elimu ya chuo kikuu, aliacha shule. Kazi yake ya kwanza ilikuwa Trinidad Guardian kama mhariri wa nakala. Kisha alifanya kazi kwa takriban miaka minne kama karani wa Leo Pujadas, Wakili. Cross alipofikisha umri wa miaka 21, alijiunga na Utumishi wa Umma na kufanya kazi kwa muda na Shirika la Reli la Serikali ya Trinidad. Katika kazi hii, mfanyakazi mwenzake wa karibu alikuwa J. O'Neil "Scottie" Lewis.<ref>https://www.caribbeanaircrew-ww2.com/?p=15</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Trinidad na Tobago]]
[[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1917]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]]
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'''Philip Louis Ulric Cross''' DSO DFC ([[1 Mei]] [[1917]] – [[4 Oktoba]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]], [[mwanadiplomasia]] na rubani wa Jeshi la Anga la Royal Air Force (RAF) kutoka [[Trinidad na Tobago]], anayetambulika kama huenda ndiye M-West India aliyepambwa zaidi katika [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://thecottontree.org/who-we-are/board/justice-ulric-cross |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2023-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923072733/http://thecottontree.org/who-we-are/board/justice-ulric-cross |url-status=dead }}</ref> Anasifiwa kwa kusaidia kuzuia takriban ndege za mabomu mia mbili zisidunguliwe katika uvamizi juu ya anga la Ujerumani mnamo 1943.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/jul/14/trinidadian-war-hero-told-raf-superiors-he-was-african-royalty</ref> Alisoma sheria huko Middle Temple jijini [[London]], na kuendelea kuwa na taaluma mashuhuri ya kimataifa kama mwanasheria barani [[Afrika]] na ndani ya Trinidad na Tobago. Pia alihudumu kama mwanadiplomasia wa Trinidad na Tobago nchini Uingereza.
== Maisha yake mwanzoni ==
Ulric Cross alizaliwa Mei 1, 1917, huko [[Belmont]], [[Port of Spain]], [[Trinidad na Tobago|Trinidad]], kwa Reginald Rufus na Maud Iris Cross.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/185183/185198/185199/185203/justice_p__l__ulric_cross/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2013-07-05 |archive-date=2012-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929235225/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/185183/185198/185199/185203/justice_p__l__ulric_cross/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alikuwa mtoto wa pili katika familia ya watoto tisa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://archives.newsday.co.tt/2007/04/29/endowment-fund-for-cotton-tree-founder/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424181306/http://archives.newsday.co.tt/2007/04/29/endowment-fund-for-cotton-tree-founder/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 11, alishika nafasi ya kwanza katika Mtihani wa Scholarship wa Maonyesho ya Serikali ya Trinidad, hivyo kustahiki miaka mitano ya elimu ya sekondari ya bure, na akafaulu kujiunga katika Chuo cha [[St Mary's college]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.catholicnews-tt.net/joomla/archives-2009/43-feature/1023-fea011109 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006200306/http://www.catholicnews-tt.net/joomla/archives-2009/43-feature/1023-fea011109 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alifadhaika sana na kifo cha mama yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 13 tu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://caribbeantales-newz.com/telling-our-stories-by-any-means-necessary |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-08-30 |archive-date=2013-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526124812/http://caribbeantales-newz.com/telling-our-stories-by-any-means-necessary |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.ctntworld.com/cnews2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2974:heroes-foundation-features-ulric-cross&catid=137&Itemid=707</ref> Mwelekeo wake wa kitaaluma ulivurugika kabisa, na hivyo, baada ya kukamilisha miaka mitano ya elimu ya chuo kikuu, aliacha shule. Kazi yake ya kwanza ilikuwa Trinidad Guardian kama mhariri wa nakala. Kisha alifanya kazi kwa takriban miaka minne kama karani wa Leo Pujadas, Wakili. Cross alipofikisha umri wa miaka 21, alijiunga na Utumishi wa Umma na kufanya kazi kwa muda na Shirika la Reli la Serikali ya Trinidad. Katika kazi hii, mfanyakazi mwenzake wa karibu alikuwa J. O'Neil "Scottie" Lewis.<ref>https://www.caribbeanaircrew-ww2.com/?p=15</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Trinidad na Tobago]]
[[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1917]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]]
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Ligi ya Pili ya Soka ya Montenegro
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'''Ligi ya Pili ya Soka ya Montenegro''' ''([[Kiserbia]]: Druga crnogorska fudbalska liga – Druga CFL – 2. CFL)'', inayojulikana kama '''Meridianbet 2. CFL''' kwa sababu za ufadhili,<ref>{{cite web |title=FSCG i Meridianbet produžili ugovor i unaprijedili saradnju|url=https://fscg.me/vijesti/12655/fscg-i-meridianbet-produzili-ugovor-i-unaprijedili-saradnju/|website=fscg.me|access-date=Septemba 7, 2025}}</ref> ni ngazi ya pili ya mashindano ya [[soka]] nchini [[Montenegro]]. Ligi hiyo ilianzishwa mwaka [[2006]], kufuatia kuvunjika kwa Muungano wa Nchi za [[Serbia na Montenegro]], na inaendeshwa na [[Chama cha Soka cha Montenegro|Shirikisho la Soka la Montenegro]]. Ngazi ya juu zaidi ya mashindano ni [[Ligi ya Kwanza ya Soka ya Montenegro|Ligi ya Kwanza ya Montenegro]], huku ngazi ya chini ikiwa ''Ligi ya Tatu ya Montenegro''.
Ligi ya Pili inashirikisha vilabu 10 na inachezwa kwa mfumo wa raundi nne – kila timu inacheza na nyingine zote mara mbili nyumbani na mara mbili ugenini, jumla ya raundi 36. Mwishoni mwa msimu, mshindi wa Ligi ya Pili hupandishwa moja kwa moja hadi Ligi ya Kwanza kwa msimu unaofuata, huku timu zilizoshika nafasi ya pili na ya tatu zikicheza mechi za mchujo dhidi ya timu zilizomaliza nafasi ya nane na ya tisa kutoka Ligi ya Kwanza. Timu mbili za mwisho hushushwa daraja hadi moja ya ligi tatu za kikanda za Ligi ya Tatu.
==Mabadiliko katika muundo wa ligi==
Katika kipindi cha [[2006]]–[[2018]], Ligi ya Pili ya Soka ya Montenegro ilikuwa na washiriki 12. Kuanzia msimu wa 2018–19, idadi ya washiriki ilipunguzwa hadi 10, huku mashindano yakichezwa kwa raundi 36.
;Idadi ya timu:
*2006–07 hadi 2017–18: 12
*Tangu 2018–19: 10
==Vilabu katika msimu wa 2025/26<ref>{{cite web |title=Meridianbet 2. CFL|url=https://fscg.me/takmicenja/druga-liga/|website=fscg.me|access-date=Septemba 7, 2025}}</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Klabu
!Jiji
!Uwanja wa Michezo
|-
|[[FK Berane|Berane]]
|[[Berane]]
|Gradski Stadion
|-
|[[OFK Grbalj|Grbalj]]
|[[Radanovići]]
|Stadion Donja Sutvara
|-
|[[FK Igalo 1929|Igalo 1929]]
|[[Igalo]]
|Stadion Solila
|-
|[[FK Internacional|Internacional]]
|[[Podgorica]]
|Stadion Donji Kokoti
|-
|[[FK Iskra Danilovgrad|Danilovgrad]]
|[[Danilovgrad]]
|Stadion Braća Velašević
|-
|[[FK Kom|Kom]]
|[[Podgorica]]
|Stadion Zlatica
|-
|[[FK Lovćen|Lovćen]]
|[[Cetinje]]
|Stadion Obilića Poljana]]
|-
|[[FK Otrant-Olympic|Otrant-Olympic]]
|[[Ulcinj]]
|Stadion Olympic
|-
|[[FK Podgorica|Podgorica]]
|[[Podgorica]]
|DG Arena
|-
|[[FK Rudar|Rudar]]
|[[Pljevlja]]
|Stadion pod Golubinjom
|}
==Mabingwa kwa msimu==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! style="background:#fff8dc" width:11em" | Msimu
! style="background:gold" width:14em" | Mbingwa
! style="background:silver" width:14em" | Nafasi ya pili
! style="background:#cd7f32" width:14em" | Nafasi ya tatu
|- style="background:#f5faff;"
| 2006/07.
| '''[[FK Lovćen|Lovćen]]'''
| [[FK Bokelj|Bokelj]]
| [[FK Ibar Rožaje|Ibar]]
|-
| 2007/08.
| '''[[FK Jezero|Jezero]]'''
| [[FK Čelik Nikšić|Čelik]]
| [[FK Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje|Jedinstvo]]
|- style="background:#f5faff;"
| 2008/09.
| '''[[FK Berane|Berane]]'''
| [[OFK Titograd|Mladost]]
| [[FK Mornar Bar|Mornar]]
|-
| 2009/10.
| '''[[OFK Titograd|Mladost]]'''
| [[OFK Bar|Bar]]
| [[FK Bratstvo Cijevna|Bratstvo]]
|- style="background:#f5faff;"
| 2010/11.
| '''[[FK Bokelj|Bokelj]]'''
| [[FK Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje|Jedinstvo]]
| [[FK Berane|Berane]]
|-
| 2011/12.
| '''[[FK Čelik Nikšić|Čelik]]'''
| [[FK Mornar Bar|Mornar]]
| [[FK Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje|Jedinstvo]]
|-
|2012/13.
| '''[[FK Dečić|Dečić]]'''
| [[FK Bokelj|Bokelj]]
| [[FK Zabjelo|Zabjelo]]
|-
| 2013/14.
| '''[[FK Bokelj|Bokelj]]''' (2)
| [[FK Berane|Berane]]
| [[FK Jezero|Jezero]]
|-
| 2014/15.
| '''[[FK Iskra Danilovgrad|Iskra]]'''
| [[FK Dečić|Dečić]]
| [[FK Jezero|Jezero]]
|-
| 2015/16.
| '''[[FK Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje|Jedinstvo]]'''
| [[FK Cetinje|Cetinje]]
| [[FK Bratstvo Cijevna|Bratstvo]]
|-
| 2016/17.
| '''[[FK Kom|Kom]]'''
| [[FK Ibar Rožaje|Ibar]]
| [[FK Otrant-Olympic|Otrant-Olympic]]
|-
| 2017/18.
| '''[[FK Mornar Bar|Mornar]]'''
| [[FK Podgorica|Mladost Lješkopolje]]
| [[FK Lovćen|Lovćen]]
|-
| 2018/19.
| '''[[FK Podgorica|Mladost Lješkopolje]]'''
| [[FK Kom|Kom]]
| [[FK Bokelj|Bokelj]]
|-
| 2019/20.
| '''[[FK Dečić|Dečić]]''' (2)
| [[FK Jezero|Jezero]]
| [[FK Bokelj|Bokelj]]
|-
| 2020/21.
| '''[[FK Mornar Bar|Mornar]]''' (2)
| [[FK Arsenal Tivat|Arsenal]]
| [[FK Igalo 1929|Igalo]]
|-
| 2021/22.
| '''[[FK Jedinstvo Bijelo Polje|Jedinstvo]]''' (2)
| [[FK Arsenal Tivat|Arsenal]]
| [[OFK Mladost DG|Mladost DG]]
|-
| 2022/23.
| '''[[OFK Mladost DG|Mladost DG]]'''
| [[FK Kom|Kom]]
| [[FK Berane|Berane]]
|-
| 2023/24.
| '''[[FK Bokelj|Bokelj]]''' (3)
| [[FK Otrant-Olympic|Otrant-Olympic]]
| [[FK Podgorica|Podgorica]]
|-
| 2024/25.
| '''[[OFK Mladost DG|Mladost DG]]''' (2)
| [[FK Rudar Pljevlja|Rudar]]
| [[FK Lovćen|Lovćen]]
|}
==Tazama zaidi==
*[[Chama cha Soka cha Montenegro]]
*[[Ligi ya Kwanza ya Soka ya Montenegro]]
==Marejeo==
{{marejeo}}
==Viungo vya nje==
* [https://fscg.me/takmicenja/druga-liga/ Tovuti rasmi]
[[Jamii:Mpira wa Miguu]]
[[Jamii:michezo nchini Montenegro]]
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Ukahaba nchini Kenya
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'''Ukahaba nchini Kenya''' umeenea kwa kiwango kikubwa <ref name="chartsbin">{{Rejea tovuti|date=20 May 2020|title=Kenyan sex workers abandoned and vulnerable during COVID-19|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2020/may/20200520_kenya|accessdate=1 June 2021|work=UNAIDS}}</ref> na ukweli wa kisheria ni hali tata sana. Ingawa [[ukahaba]] haijafanywa kuwa haramu na sheria za kitaifa, sheria ndogo za manispaa zina uwezo wa kuizuia ama kuipiga marufuku. <ref name="nswp">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nairobi County Assembly Bans Sex Work in the City|url=http://www.nswp.org/news/nairobi-county-assembly-bans-sex-work-the-city|work=NSWP|accessdate=17 December 2017|date=12 December 2017}}</ref> ( Kazi zote za ukahaba zilipigwa marufuku jijini [[Nairobi]] mnamo Desemba 2017). <ref name="nswp" /> Kupata faida kutoka kwa ukahaba wa wengine, kusaidia, kuwezesha, lazimisha au uchochezi wa ukahaba ni kuvunja sheria. (Sehemu cha 153 na 154 cha Kanuni ya Adhabu). <ref name="spl">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sexuality, Poverty and Law Programme|url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries|publisher=Institute of Development Studies|accessdate=17 December 2017|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729103225/http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries|url-status=dead}}</ref> Makadirio ya [[UNAIDS]] ni kuwa nchini, kuna makahaba 133,675. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016|url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm|work=www.aidsinfoonline.org|publisher=UNAIDS|accessdate=21 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm|archivedate=4 June 2019}}</ref>
Wanaume na wanawake wengi wa kigeni hushiriki katika utalii wa ngono, ambayo unastawi kwenye hoteli za mapumziko katika pwani ya [[Kenya]] . Maelfu ya wasichana na wavulana wamenaswa katika ukahaba wa watoto kutokana na umaskini katika mkoa hilo.
Wafanyabiashara ya ngono wanaripoti unyang'anyii, unyang'anyi na vurugu kutoka kwa polisi. <ref name="spl"/>
Wakoloni wa Uingereza nchini Kenya walihudumiwa na makahaba wa kijapani (Karayuki-San). <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqy4Lu4jeEMC&dq=%22champagne+and+pink+gin+for+breakfast%22+japanese&pg=PA11|title=Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya|last=Elkins|first=Caroline|date=2010|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|isbn=978-1429900294|edition=reprint|page=11}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=knIMAQAAMAAJ&q=%22champagne+and+pink+gin+for+breakfast%22+japanese|title=Britain's Gulag: The Brutal End of Empire in Kenya|last=Elkins|first=Caroline|date=2005|publisher=Jonathan Cape|isbn=022407363X|edition=illustrated|page=11}}</ref>
== Utalii wa ngono pwani ==
Wizara ya utalii [[Kenya]] imekosolewa kwa ukali kwa sababu ya ukosefu wake wa majibu kuhusu kustawi kwa utalii wa ngono unaoshamiri na unyanyasaji wa watoto katika pwani ya Kenya.
Mwaka 2006, ripoti kutoka kwa utafiti wa UNICEF ulionyesha kwamba hadi 30% ya idadi ya watoto wenye umri kati ya miaka 12 na 18 katika eneo pwani ya Malindi, [[Mombasa]], [[Kilifi]] na [[Diani]] walikuwa wakifanya biashara ya ngono.
== Ukahaba na afya ==
Upatikanaji wa huduma za afya imehakikishwa na Makala cha 43 cha Katiba ya [[Kenya]]. Hata hivyo, ni mara nyingi wafanyabiashara ya ngono kubaguliwa na upatikanaji wa huduma za afya unazuiwa. <ref name="spl"/>
[[Kenya]] ni miongoni mwa nchi walioathirika zaidi [[Virusi vya UKIMWI|na virusi vya ukimwi]] duniani. <ref name="avert">{{Rejea tovuti|title=HIV and AIDS in Kenya|url=https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/kenya|work=AVERT|accessdate=17 December 2017|date=14 September 2017}}</ref> Wafanyabiashara ya ngono ndio kundi lililoathiriwa zaidi nchini. Utafiti umeonyesha kuwa karibu 30% ya wafanyabiashara ya ngono wana [[Virusi vya UKIMWI|virusi vya ukimwi]]. <ref name="avert" />
Ukosefu wa matumizi ya [[kondomu]], (miongoni mwa wafanyabiashara ya ngono na umma kwa ujumla), ulichochea [[Virusi vya UKIMWI|virusi vya ukimwi]] na magonjwa mengine [[Maradhi ya zinaa|ya zinaa]] kuenea. Kutoka mwaka wa 2001, Serikali ya [[Kenya]] imekuwa ikisambaza bure kondomu (mwaka wa 2013, walisambaza milioni 180) na kuelimisha umma juu ya matumizi yake. <ref name="avert"/> [[Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi]] na Prof Elizabeth Ngugi walianzisha mipango na makahaba wa jamii za mitaa ili kuwaelimisha na kuwawezesha kwa kuwahimiza kutumia kondomu. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Cohen |first=Jon |date=23 June 2000 |title=An Ambassador of Research |journal=Science |language=en |volume=288 |issue=5474 |pages=2162 |doi=10.1126/science.288.5474.2162 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=10896601 |s2cid=153033248}}</ref> Utafiti kuhusu wafanyabiashara ya ngono [[Nairobi]] mwaka 2015 uliripoti takriban theluthi mbili kila mara hutumia kondomu na wateja. Hii inalinganishwa na 40% kati ya umma kwa ujumla ambao wana washirika wawili au zaidi. <ref name="avert" />
Upimaji wa [[Virusi vya UKIMWI|virusi vya ukimwi]] na magonjwa ya zinaa ni wa hiari, hata hivyo kama Sheria ya Kuzuia na Kudhibiti [[Virusi vya UKIMWI|virusi vya ukimwi]] na [[Ukimwi|UKIMWI]] ya mwaka 2006 iliharamisha uaambukizaji ya [[Virusi vya UKIMWI|virusi vya ukimwi]], kuna kusitasita kwa wafanyabiashara ya ngono kupimwa. <ref name="spl"/> Utafiti kuhusu wafanyabiashara ya ngono Nairobi wa 2015 uligundua 86% walikuwa wamepimwa, 63% ndani ya miezi 12 iliyopita. <ref name="avert"/>
Biashara hii inayostawi katika utalii wa ngono inaendelea kwa ufahamu kamili wa Polisi wa Utalii wa [[Kenya]]. Hawataki kuwakatisha tamaa mamia kwa maelfu ya watalii kuja pwani ya Kenya, bila kujali uharibifu wa vijana wa Kenya.
== Biashara ya ngono ==
kenya ni nchi asili, ya kupita na lengwa kwa wanaume, wanawake na watoto wanaofanyiwa biashara ya ngono. Wavulana ndio walizidi kufanyiwa biashara ya ulanguzi. Wasichana na wavulana wote wanatumikishwa katika ngono ya kibiashara kote nchini [[Kenya]], ikiwa ni pamoja na utalii wa ngono [[Nairobi]], [[Kisumu]], na pwani, hasa katika makazi yasiyo rasmi; wakati fulani, ni wanafamilia wao wanawezesha kudhulumiwa kwao. Watoto pia wanatumikishwa katika biashara haramu ya ngono na watu wanaofanya kazi katika maeneo ya kilimo kulima [[Mrungi|miraai]], karibu na migodi ya dhahabu magharibi mwa Kenya, na madereva wa lori, na wavuvi kwenye [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]]. Wakenya wanaajiriwa na mashirika ya ajira halali au haramu ama kwa hiari yao kuhamia Ulaya, Marekani, Kusini-mashariki mwa Asia, na Mashariki ya Kati, hasa [[Saudia|Saudi Arabia]], [[Lebanoni|Lebanon]], [[Kuwait]], [[Qatar]], [[Falme za Kiarabu|UAE]], na [[Omani|Oman]] ili kutafuta ajira, ambapo wakati fulani wanadhulumiwa katika vyumba vya masaji na madanguro. Ripoti zinadai wanaume wa jinsia mbili nchini Kenya wanaajiriwa kutoka vyuo vikuu kwa udnganyifu na ahadi za kazi nchi za nje, lakini wanalazimishwa kufanya ukahaba huko [[Qatar]] na [[Falme za Kiarabu|UAE]] . Wanawake kutoka Kenya walazimishwa kufanya ukahaba nchini [[Uthai]] na walanguzi kutoka Uganda na Nigeria.
Baadhi ya watoto katika kambi za wakimbizi ya [[Dadaab]] na [[Kakuma]] wanakabiliwa na biashara ya ngono. Watoto kutoka Afrika Mashariki na [[Sudan Kusini|Afrika Kusini]] wanakabiliwa na biashara ya ngono nchini [[Kenya]]. Malori yakusafirisha bidhaa kutoka Kenya hadi [[Somalia]] yalirudi Kenya huku wasichana na wanawake wakidhulumiwa katika madanguro [[Nairobi]] au [[Mombasa]]. Wanawake wa [[Nepal]] na [[Uhindi]] walioajiriwa kufanya kazi katika vilabu vya densi huko [[Nairobi]] na [[Mombasa]] wanakabiliwa na utumwa wa madeni, ambayo wanalazimika kulipa kupitia ukahaba.
Idara ya ofisi ya serekalii ya Kufuatilia na Kupambana na Usafirishaji Haramu wa Binadamu inaorodhesha Kenya katika ' daraja 2 '. <ref name="state18">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kenya 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report|url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282683.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729141432/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2018/282683.htm|archivedate=29 July 2018|work=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=26 July 2018}}</ref>
== Ukahaba mtandaoni nchini Kenya ==
Kustawi na ukuaji kwa ukahaba mtandaoni kumechochewa kupitia mitandao ya kijamii kama vile Tinder na [[Facebook]]. <ref>{{Citation|last=Hallett|first=Sophie|title=From 'child prostitution' to 'child sexual exploitation': an overview|date=2017-03-29|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447333586.003.0002|periodical=Making Sense of Child Sexual Exploitation|publisher=Policy Press|doi=10.1332/policypress/9781447333586.003.0002|isbn=9781447333586|access-date=2022-04-13}}</ref> Katika tovuti la Verge, Novemba 7, 2014, Frenzen C. alinukuliwa akisema, "Kundi linalotaka kupiga marufuku kazi zote za ngono nchini [[Eire]] linatengeneza wasifu bandia katika mtandao wa kijamiii ya Tinder" ili kukatisha tamaa matumizi kwa programu hio ya uchumba inayowezesha ukahaba. Kulingana na msingi Scelles, shirika lisilo la faida kutoka Ufaransa, programu kama vile AirBnB zinatumika kwa uhifadhi kama huo wa malazi na nchini Kenya, biashara hiyo imefanya mabadiliko hadi kwenye majukwaa ya mtandaoni kwenye tovuti mashuhuri kama vile: kenyanescorts, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Escorts|first=Kenyan|title=VIP Escorts|url=https://www.nairobiclassyescorts.com/|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Kenyan Escorts|language=en-AE|archive-date=2022-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011034313/https://www.nairobiclassyescorts.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> nairobihot, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Nairobi Hot Sexy Call Girls|url=https://www.nairobihot.com/|accessdate=2022-04-27|work=Nairobi Hot, Nairobi Raha Escorts & Call Girls|language=en-US}}</ref> kenyaraha <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-01-04|title=Kenya Raha Escorts and Call girls In Kenya - Kenya Raha - Kenya Escorts & Kenya Call Girls|url=https://www.kenyaraha.com/|accessdate=2022-04-27|language=en-US}}</ref> na mengine mengi zaidi ya kijasiri kwa muongo mmoja. Hata hivyo, aina hii mpya ya ukahaba bado inajificha nyuma ya huduma za kigeni kama vile matibabu ya masaji na huduma za kusindikiza. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Muendo|first=Stevens|title=Forget twilight girls, the business of 'pleasure' is now on leafy suburbs|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/index.php/features/2001351459/forget-twilight-girls-the-business-of-pleasure-is-now-on-leafy-suburbs|accessdate=2022-04-13|work=Standard Entertainment and Lifestyle|language=en}}</ref> Majukwaa ya mtandaoni yanawasilisha utekelezaji mkubwa zaidi kuliko ukahaba wa kawaida. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |title=Online Prostitution and Trafficking. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279716725 |journal=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref> Mtandao huwezesha wateja na wasichana wa kazi kuwasiliana kutoka maeneo tofauti kabisa katika kufanya mipango yao. Idadi ya wahusika inaendelea kuongezeka. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-08-20|title=Online prostitution business is still booming despite coronavirus pa - BNN|url=https://bnn.ke/how-online-prostitution-business-is-thriving-from-an-insiders-perspective/|accessdate=2022-04-13|language=en-US}}</ref>
==Tanbihi==
<references />
== Marejeo ==
* Nairobi Nights: Blogu ya mfanyakazi wa ngono wa Nairobi
* Luise White: Starehe za Nyumbani: Ukahaba katika Mkoloni Nairobi. Chuo Kikuu cha Chicago 1990
* Anatomia ya makahaba na ukahaba nchini Kenya. Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi 1973
* Anatomia ya Makahaba na Ukahaba nchini Kenya. JM Gachuhi 1973. Taasisi ya Mafunzo ya Maendeleo
* Ukahaba, Utambulisho, na Ufahamu wa Hatari jijini Nairobi wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia. Luise White. Ishara. Vol. 11, No. 2 (Winter, 1986), pp. 255–273
== Viungo vya nje==
* [http://allafrica.com/stories/200703090840.html Utalii wa Jinsia]
* [https://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSN2638979720071126?feedType=RSS&feedName=oddlyEnoughNews&rpc=22&sp=true Wanawake wazee wa kizungu wanajiunga na watalii wa ngono wa Kenya]
* [http://ipl.econ.duke.edu/bread/papers/working/293.pdf Robinson: Kukabiliana na Hatari kupitia Mitandao ya Ngono. 2011] {{Wayback|url=http://ipl.econ.duke.edu/bread/papers/working/293.pdf |date=20120321044044 }}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=XXsIB1s1YLMC&pg=PA375 'Ukahaba', 'Hatari,' na 'Wajibu': Vielelezo vya Kuzuia UKIMWI na Utambulisho wa Wanawake huko Thika, Kenya, K Kielmann, katika Anthropolojia ya magonjwa ya kuambukiza: mitazamo ya afya ya kimataifa, Na Marcia Claire Inhorn, Peter J. Brown. Njia ya 1997]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120318031728/http://www.getcited.org/pub/102167618 Kazi ya nyumbani ya wanawake katika ukoloni Kenya: Ukahaba jijini Nairobi, 1909-1950. Luise White, Chuo Kikuu cha Boston 1980]
{{Africa topic|Ukahaba nchini}}
[[Jamii:Kenya]]
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'''Zohra Drif Bitat''' (alizaliwa Tissemselt, [[Algeria]], [[28 Desemba]] [[1934]])<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w_axJ96lk2QC&pg=PA108|title=Mujer y desarrollo|last=Domingo|first=Concepción|date=2005|publisher=Universitat de València|isbn=9788437062549|language=es|access-date=6 December 2021|archive-date=23 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123223235/https://books.google.com/books?id=w_axJ96lk2QC&pg=PA108|url-status=live}}</ref> ni [[mwanasheria]] mstaafu wa Algeria, mpiganaji wa Vita vya Uhuru vya Algeria, na makamu wa rais wa Baraza la [[Taifa]], nyumba ya juu ya [[Bunge]] la [[Algeria]]. Drif alizaliwa katika mkoa wa Tiaret, ambapo babu yake alikuwa [[imam]] na baba yake alikuwa mwanasheria na hakimu huko Tiaret. Anajulikana sana kwa shughuli zake kwa niaba ya National Liberation Front (FLN) wakati wa Vita vya [[Uhuru]] vya Algeria.
Drif alikuwa ameolewa na Rabah Bitat, mmoja wa viongozi wa FLN na rais wa Bunge la Taifa. Nchini Algeria, anachukuliwa kuwa shujaa wa Vita vya Uhuru vya Algeria dhidi ya ukoloni wa Kifaransa. Alikuwa sehemu ya mtandao wa mabomu wa FLN na wakati wa Vita vya Uhuru vya Algeria, alifanya kazi pamoja na Ali La Pointe, Hassiba Ben Bouali, na Saadi Yacef, kiongozi wa Eneo Huru la Algiers]. Kipindi chake katika vita kinajulikana zaidi kutokana na mlipuko wa Milk Bar Café mwaka 1956.
==Maisha ya awali==
Drif alizaliwa katika familia ya Kialgeria yenye hadhi ya juu na iliyo ya kiasili na alilelewa mashambani. Alikulia katika Tissemsilt Province. Baba yake alikuwa mwanasheria aliyefanikwa na kufikia cheo cha qadi. Alisoma katika shule ya upili ya heshima, Lycée Fromentin, huko [[Algiers]], na baadaye alisoma sheria katika University of Algiers kuanzia mwaka 1954. Ndani ya Lycée Fromentin ndipo alipopata rafiki yake wa karibu, na baadaye mwanachama wa FLN, Samia Lakhdari. Hata hivyo, kuongezeka kwa ushiriki wake katika Front de Libération Nationale (Algeria) kulileta athari kwa alama zake na alilazimika kusitisha masomo yake kwa muda. Drif alikuza mitazamo ya kisasa ya wanawake na dhidi ya ukoloni.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
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[[Jamii:wanasheria wa Algeria]]
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'''Bridget Pickering''' (alizaliwa [[1966]]) ni mtengenezaji na mtayarishaji wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Namibia]]. Kati ya filamu alizozitayarisha ni ''Hotel Rwanda'' (2004), ''The March of the White Elephants'' (2016), ''Liyana'' (2017), ''The Tale'' (2018), na ''Under The Hanging Tree'' (2023), ambayo ni [[filamu]] iliyoingizwa na Namibia kwa ajili ya Tuzo ya Filamu Bora ya Kimataifa kwenye Tuzo za Academy ya 96. Yeye ni [[binti]] wa [[balozi]] wa Namibia na [[mwanaharakati]] wa vyama vya wafanyakazi Advocate Arthur Pickering.
Alisomea katika chuo kikuu cha Syracuse University nchini [[Marekani]] na kufanya kazi kwa Universal Pictures kabla ya kurudi Namibia.<ref name="coll1">McCluskey, Audrey T. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eN_XYUjdRasC&dq=%22Bridget+Pickering%22&pg=PA183 The devil you dance with: film culture in the new South Africa] (2009) ({{ISBN|978-0252075742}})</ref> Baba yake ni Mtanibia na mama yake ni kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Mnamo mwaka 1999, alikuwa mmoja kati ya [[wanawake]] sita walioteuliwa kuongoza filamu fupi kwa mfululizo wa ''Mama Africa''. Kichango chake, ''Uno's World'', ni kuhusu mwanamke mchanga anayeishi na mimba isiyotarajiwa.<ref name="NelmesSelbo2015">{{cite book|author=Jule Selbo|editor=Jill Nelmes |editor2=Jule Selbo|title=Women Screenwriters: An International Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGikCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|year=2015|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-137-31237-2|page=29}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{marejeo}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
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[[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Namibia]]
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'''Hayat Ahmed Mohammed''' (alizaliwa [[1982]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa taji la urembo kutoka [[Ethiopia]]. Jina lake kwa Kiarabu lina maana ya "maisha." Hayat Ahmed alikuwa mwakilishi wa kwanza wa Ethiopia katika shindano la Miss World. Wakati wa mashindano hayo, alikuwa [[mwanafunzi]] wa mwaka wa tatu katika Unity University College akichukua masomo ya Mfumo wa Usimamizi wa [[Habari]].
Katika shindano la Miss World 2003 lililohusisha washiriki 100, Hayat aliingia nusu fainali na kupata taji la "Malkia wa Urembo wa Bara – Afrika." Mashindano hayo yalifanyika nchini [[China]] na yalitazamwa na watu bilioni moja.
Kwa sasa Hayat anajikita katika kuhamasisha matumizi ya [[kondomu]] na kuongeza uelewa wa [[VVU/UKIMWI]] katika sehemu mbalimbali za [[nchi]]. Juhudi hizi zimezua hasira na madai ya unafiki kwa kuwa yeye ni Mwislamu anayepigia debe ngono salama nchini Ethiopia, taifa lenye tamaduni za kihafidhina, kwa kutumia matangazo ya kuvutia ya kimaeneo ya kondomu kwenye mabango.
==Shughuli za hivi karibuni==
Kwa sasa Hayat anaendesha Bellissima, kahawa ya kondomu yenye utata mjini Addis Ababa ambapo wateja wote hupewa kondomu pamoja na risiti yao. "Watu wengine wa Ethiopia hushangazwa wanapoletwa bili ikiwa na kondomu, wengine wakisema tunahamasisha uasherati," alisema mhudumu mwaka 2008.<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/119156.php IRIN/PlusNews Profiles Ethiopian Cafe That Provides No-Cost Condoms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103070134/http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/119156.php |date=2009-01-03 }}, August 25, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/IRIN/599a6fe66c4064e34ca3993ef8f33b03.htm IRINews Report on Bellissima], August 20, 2008.</ref><ref>[http://wow.gm/africa/ethiopia/addis-ababa/article/2008/9/2/ethiopia-cappuccino-with-condom Ethiopia: Cappuccino With Condom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603181428/http://wow.gm/africa/ethiopia/addis-ababa/article/2008/9/2/ethiopia-cappuccino-with-condom |date=2009-06-03 }}, 2008.</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{marejeo}}
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<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 07:14, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
== Matumizi ya Sehemu ya Muhtasari ==
Salaam ndugu,
Hongera na pongezi kwa jitihada zako za kufanya uhariri. Unapofanya mabadiliko yeyote kwenye makala inashauliwa kuandika muhtasari kwa ufupi kwenye jedwali la muhtasari kabla hujachapisha. Hii inasidia kwa wahariri wengine kujua ni mabadiliko gani umefanya, iwe kuongeza au kupunguza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 22:04, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
:Okay, thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Godfavor22|Godfavor22]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godfavor22#top|majadiliano]])''' 22:08, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
"oneshi" = "uharabu", "hariri chanzo" > "hariri". [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-28729-29|~2025-28729-29]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-28729-29|talk]]) 08:07, 14 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
STOP vandalize dates like that, what [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Adelaja&diff=1463455&oldid=1463451 I repair].[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-29282-99|~2025-29282-99]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-29282-99|talk]]) 17:24, 18 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)
== Marejeo ==
[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Sanusi&diff=1473827&oldid=1473826 <nowiki>{{marejeo}}</nowiki>] - fomati ya marejeo. [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-40693-39|~2025-40693-39]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2025-40693-39|talk]]) 13:19, 14 Desemba 2025 (UTC)
== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.
As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.
As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.
'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!
Best regards,
Feminism and Folklore international Team.
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 18 Juni 2026 (UTC)
</div>
<!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 -->
pzg7mkdj4sqgokdzrag4wpga9ip2eth
Edmund Abaka
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Riccardo Riccioni
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'''Edmund Abaka''' ni [[mpiga picha]] wa [[Marekani]] mzaliwa wa [[Ghana]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://kromamiami.com/portfolio/dr-edmund-abaka/|title=Dr. Edmund Abaka – KROMA Art Space & Studios|website=kromamiami.com}}</ref> na mwanahistoria wa Afrika katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Miami]] huko [[Coral Gables, Florida]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.as.miami.edu/history/people/faculty/edmund-abaka/|title=Edmund Abaka|website=as.miami.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucc.edu.gh/news/prof-edmund-abaka-donates-history-department|title=Prof. Edmund Abaka donates to History Department – UCC :: University of Cape Coast|website=ucc.edu.gh|date=October 2016|accessdate=2025-12-26|archive-date=2023-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110212200/https://www.ucc.edu.gh/news/prof-edmund-abaka-donates-history-department|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Abaka ni msomi wa [[Fulbright]].
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa mwaka usiojulikana]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:wapiga picha]]
[[jamii:wasanii wa Ghana]]
[[jamii:wasanii wa Marekani]]
2o61cz34jt8x6urk537fr0wyqnxb4c7
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:عبدالرحمن
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/* اهلا بك */ mjadala mpya
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<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 15 Januari 2026 (UTC)
== اهلا بك ==
من فضلك راجع مقالات [[:ar:هاني_سلامة|هاني سلامة]] و[[:ar:شيرين_(ممثلة)|شيرين (ممثلة)]] في ويكيبيديا العربية فقد تم اضافة تعديلات صحيحة في المقالات وشكرا [[Maalum:Michango/~2026-35738-46|~2026-35738-46]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2026-35738-46|talk]]) 07:28, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
584zowdyc58jxhprkvtno2tvctp23ry
Uchavushaji kwa ndege zisizo na rubani katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo
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'''Uchavushaji wa ndege zisizo na rubani katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]''', ni mbinu inayotumia ndege zisizo na rubani kusaidia katika uchavushaji wa mazao. Katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, njia hii inaweza kuwa na jukumu muhimu katika kuboresha uzalishaji wa kilimo, hasa katika maeneo ambayo uchavushaji asilia unapungua<ref name="Diela1">(fr):[https://api.snrtnews.com/fr/article/des-drones-pour-polliniser-les-palmiers-dattiers-une-solution-qui-soulage-les-agriculteurs, "Des drones pour polliniser les palmiers dattiers"], SNRTnews, 2022, 2026-01-16</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Diela2">(fr):[https://ijpsat.org/index.php/ijpsat/article/download/7025/4521, "Cas De L'Usage Des Drones Agricoles Pour L'Amélioration"], International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 2022, 2026-01-16</ref>.
== Faida na Changamoto za Uchavushaji wa Drone ==
Drones hutoa faida kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na uwezo wa kufikia maeneo magumu kufikia na kwa ufanisi kuchavusha maeneo makubwa. Hata hivyo, changamoto kama vile gharama kubwa na hitaji la mafunzo ya wakulima bado<ref name=" Aromed ">(fr):[https://aromed.info/un-inventeur-met-au-point-un-drone-capable-de-polliniser-comme-une-abeille-et-il-pourrait-sauver-des-cultures-entieres/, "Un inventeur met au point un drone capable de polliniser"], Aromed, 2023, 2026-01-16</ref>{{,}}<ref name=" RFI ">(fr):[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/emission/20180721-drones-pollinisateurs-aide-abeilles-declin, "Des drones pollinisateurs à l'aide des abeilles en déclin"], RFI, 2018, 2026-01-16</ref>.
==Matarajio ya Baadaye==
Mustakabali wa uchavushaji wa ndege zisizo na rubani katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] unaonekana kuwa mzuri, na mipango inaendelea ya kuunganisha teknolojia hii katika mbinu za jadi za kilimo. Utafiti zaidi na uwekezaji unahitajika ili kuongeza uwezo wake<ref name=" environews ">(fr): [https://environews-rdc.net/2017/02/16/biodiversite-la-disparition-des-abeilles-dans-le-monde-eveille-la-conscience-des-scientifiques/, "Biodiversité : la disparition des abeilles dans le monde"]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Environews, 2017, 2026-01-16</ref>{{,}}<ref name="algerianagripreneurs">(fr): [https://www.algerianagripreneurs.dz/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Fiche-BO_10-A_Technologie-autonome-pollinisation-des-dattes_final.pdf, "Fiche-BO_10-A_Technologie-autonome-pollinisation-des-"], Algerian Agripreneurs, 2025, 2026-01-16</ref>.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Jamii:Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]
iysswdg6iqa92zgcobk6sgwrj5ii6kp
Éva Allice
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'''Éva Allice''' (kwa Kiarabu: إيفا أليس, alizaliwa [[2 Januari]] [[2002]]) ni mchezaji wa soka anayecheza katika nafasi ya beki. Alizaliwa nchini [[Ufaransa]], lakini anaiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya [[wanawake]] ya [[Moroko]] katika ngazi ya kimataifa. Allice amechezea klabu za Le Mans FC na Nantes nchini Ufaransa. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya kimataifa ya ngazi ya juu kwa timu ya taifa ya Morocco tarehe [[10 Juni]] [[2021]] katika ushindi wa kirafiki wa nyumbani wa mabao 3–0 dhidi ya [[Mali]].<ref name=FFF>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9243-allice-eva/fiche.html|title=Éva Allice|website=French Football Federation|language=fr|accessdate=16 June 2021|archive-date=2026-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260222093225/https://www.fff.fr/equipe-nationale/joueur/9243-allice-eva/fiche.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fcnantes.com/feminines/20202021/effectif_D2F.php|title=Effectif D2F|website=FC Nantes|language=fr|accessdate=16 June 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501205309/https://www.fcnantes.com/feminines/20202021/effectif_D2F.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Kazi ya Klabu ==
Allice amechezea Le Mans FC na Nantes nchini Ufaransa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fcnantes.com/articles/article2809.php?num=36550|title=A LA RENCONRE D'EVA ALLICE|date=28 Machi 2021|access-date=24 Septemba 2025|language=fr}}</ref>
== Kazi ya Kimataifa ==
Allice alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya wakubwa kwa Morocco mnamo [[10 Juni]] [[2021]] katika ushindi wa nyumbani wa 3-0 dhidi ya [[Mali]].
== Tazama pia ==
* Orodha ya wachezaji wa kimataifa wa soka wa wanawake wa Morocco
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Moroko]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]]
kkdc0xesczqm3ftjm4gyh4j1ccquz6f
Tume ya Uhalifu wa Kivita ya Kuala Lumpur
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'''Tume ya Uhalifu wa Kivita ya Kuala Lumpur''' ('''Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Commission''', '''KLWCC'''), pia inajulikana kama '''Mahakama ya Uhalifu wa Kivita ya Kuala Lumpur''' ('''Kuala Lumpur War Crimes Tribunal''', '''KLWCT'''), ni shirika la [[Malaysia]] lililoanzishwa mwaka 2007 na aliyekuwa waziri mkuu wa nchi hiyo [[Mahathir Mohamad]] kwa madai ya kufanya uchunguzi wa upande mmoja kuhusu [[uhalifu wa kivita]].<ref>"[http://www.mmail.com.my/content/86376-public-papers-used-mock-war-crimes-trial-bush-and-blair Public papers used in mock war crimes trial of Bush and Blair] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mmail.com.my/content/86376-public-papers-used-mock-war-crimes-trial-bush-and-blair |date=20111124071320 }}" November 21, 2011, [[The Malay Mail]].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nsnbc.wordpress.com/2011/10/29/bush-and-blair-to-be-tried-for-war-crimes/ |title=BUSH AND BLAIR TO BE TRIED FOR WAR CRIMES.|publisher=Nsnbc.wordpress.com |date=October 29, 2011 |access-date=December 20, 2011}}</ref> KLWCC ilianzishwa kama mbadala wa [[Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai]] iliyoko [[The Hague]], ambayo Mahathir aliishutumu kwa upendeleo katika uteuzi wa kesi zake.<ref>{{cite web |author=Philosophers stone |url=http://philosophers-stone.co.uk/wordpress/2011/10/bush-and-blair-to-be-tried-for-war-crimes/ |title=Philosophers Stone |publisher=Philosophers Stone |access-date=December 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227224651/http://philosophers-stone.co.uk/wordpress/2011/10/bush-and-blair-to-be-tried-for-war-crimes/ |archive-date=December 27, 2011 }}</ref> Mahakama hii haitambuliwi na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], na maamuzi yake yana thamani ya kiishara pekee.
==Utawala==
Chombo cha utawala cha KLWCC kilianzishwa kusimamia na kuchunguza malalamiko kutoka kwa waathiriwa wa vita na migogoro ya silaha kuhusiana na uhalifu dhidi ya amani, uhalifu wa kivita, uhalifu dhidi ya ubinadamu, na makosa mengine yanayotambuliwa chini ya sheria za kimataifa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.criminalisewar.org/trustees.html |title=Board of Trustees |publisher=Criminalisewar.org |date= |access-date=December 20, 2011 |archive-date=March 31, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331084214/http://www.criminalisewar.org/trustees.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wanachama wa chombo cha utawala ni pamoja na:
*[[Mahathir Mohamad]] (Mwenyekiti)
*[[Alfred Webre]]
*[[Richard A. Falk|Richard Falk]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://internationalnews.over-blog.com/article-why-tony-blair-should-be-indicted-for-war-crimes-56434827.html |title=International News |language=fr |publisher=Internationalnews.over-blog.com |date= |access-date=December 20, 2011}}</ref>
*[[Zacharia Yatim]] – jaji mstaafu wa Mahakama ya Shirikisho ya Malaysia
*[[Tunku Sofiah Jewa]] – wakili na msomi wa sheria za kimataifa
*[[Salleh Buang]] – aliyekuwa Mshauri wa Shirikisho katika Ofisi ya Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Malaysia
*[[Niloufer Bhagwat]]
*[[Shad Saleem Faruqi]] – msomi wa sheria wa Malaysia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://criminalisewar.org/?page_id=64 |title=KLWCC judges |publisher=Criminalisewar.org |date= |access-date=December 20, 2011 |archive-date=January 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105171006/http://criminalisewar.org/?page_id=64 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Michel Chossudovsky]] – msomi mstaafu (tovuti ya Global Research)<ref name="PMBTJP" />
==Hukumu kwa kutumia mamlaka ya ulimwengu mzima==
Mnamo Novemba 2011, mahakama hii ilidai kutumia [[universal jurisdiction|mamlaka ya ulimwengu mzima]] kufanya [[trial in absentia|kesi bila uwepo wa washitakiwa]] dhidi ya aliyekuwa Rais wa Marekani [[George W. Bush]] na aliyekuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Uingereza [[Tony Blair]], na kuwapata na hatia ya [[crimes against peace|uhalifu dhidi ya amani]] kwa kile mahakama ilichohitimisha kuwa ni [[Iraq War|uvamizi haramu wa Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501712_162-57324770/symbolic-war-crimes-tribunal-to-try-bush-blair/ |title=Symbolic 'war crimes' tribunal to try Bush, Blair |date=November 15, 2011 |publisher=CBS News |access-date=16 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101115154/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501712_162-57324770/symbolic-war-crimes-tribunal-to-try-bush-blair |archive-date=January 1, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/Bush+Blair+guilty+Malaysia+crimes+trial/5748925/story.html#ixzz1eaKHipRQ |title=Bush, Blair guilty in Malaysia 'war crimes trial' |publisher=Ottawa Citizen |date=November 22, 2011 |access-date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125082844/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/Bush+Blair+guilty+Malaysia+crimes+trial/5748925/story.html#ixzz1eaKHipRQ |archive-date=November 25, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/11/20111128105712109215.html |title=Kuala Lumpur tribunal: Bush and Blair guilty |author=Richard Falk |date=November 15, 2011 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|title=George W. Bush, Tony Blair found guilty of war crimes ... in Malaysia|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/george-w-bush-tony-blair-found-guilty-of-war-crimes-in-malaysia|newspaper=[[National Post]]|date=November 22, 2011}}</ref>
Mnamo Mei 2012, baada ya kusikiliza ushuhuda kutoka kwa waathiriwa wa mateso katika [[Abu Ghraib prison|Abu Ghraib]] na [[Guantanamo]], Mahakama iliwahukumu kwa kauli moja bila uwepo wao aliyekuwa Rais wa Marekani George W. Bush,aliyekuwa Makamu wa Rais wa Marekani [[Dick Cheney]], aliyekuwa Waziri wa Ulinzi wa Marekani [[Donald Rumsfeld]], aliyekuwa Naibu Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Marekani [[John Yoo]] na [[Jay Bybee]], aliyekuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Marekani [[Alberto Gonzales]], na washauri wa zamani wa Marekani [[David Addington]] na [[William Haynes II]] kwa kula njama ya kufanya uhalifu wa kivita, hasa mateso.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=War Tribunal Finds Bush, Cheney Guilty of War Crimes|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2012/05/13/war-tribunal-finds-bush-cheney-guilty-war-crimes|publisher=[[Common Dreams]]|date=May 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/international/are-george-w-bush-and-dick-cheney-war-criminals-malaysian-court-says-yes |title=Are George W. Bush and Dick Cheney war criminals? Malaysian court says 'yes' |author=Holt, Bob |date=May 15, 2012 |publisher=NewJerseyNewsroom.com |access-date=16 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518234850/http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/international/are-george-w-bush-and-dick-cheney-war-criminals-malaysian-court-says-yes |archive-date=18 May 2012}}</ref> Mahakama iliwasilisha matokeo yake kwa mwendesha mashtaka mkuu wa [[International Criminal Court]] huko Hague, na kwa [[United Nations Security Council]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2012/05/12/bush-convicted-of-war-crimes-in-absentia/|title=Bush Convicted of War Crimes in Absentia|author=Ridley, Yvonne|date=May 12, 2011 |publisher=Foreign Policy Journal |access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref>
Mnamo Novemba 2013, Mahakama ilipata [[Israeli]] na hatia ya [[mauaji ya kimbari]] dhidi ya [[Wapalestina]].<ref name="PMBTJP">{{Rejea habari|last=Marquardt-Bigman|first=Petra|url=https://www.jpost.com/blogs/the-warped-mirror/guess-who-finds-israel-guilty-of-genocide-364184|title=Guess who finds Israel guilty of genocide?|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=December 5, 2013|access-date=May 12, 2020}}</ref>
==Uhalali==
KLWCC haikuwa na uungwaji mkono wa serikali yoyote.<ref name="BRussellsTrib_MahathirsWarCrimesTribunal" /> Aliyekuwa Mwandishi Maalum wa [[United Nations]] kuhusu Uhuru wa Majaji na Mawakili, [[Param Cumaraswamy]], aliitaja KLWCC kama biashara binafsi isiyo na msingi wa kisheria, na akauliza uhalali wake.<ref name="BRussellsTrib_MahathirsWarCrimesTribunal">{{cite Q|Q117832759|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haina mamlaka kutoka kwa Umoja wa Mataifa,wala haitambuliwi na UN. Haina uwezo wa kuamuru kukamatwa au kutoa adhabu, na haijulikani iwapo maamuzi yake yana athari yoyote zaidi ya kuwa ya kiishara.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2012/05/15/bush-and-cheney-on-trial/|title=Bush and Cheney on Trial|author=Hunt, Luke|date=May 15, 2012 |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=17 May 2012}}</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{Reflist}}
==Viungo vya nje==
* [http://criminalisewar.org/ The Kuala Lumpur Foundation to Criminalise War (KLFCW)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204114730/http://criminalisewar.org/ |date=2009-02-04 }} - Affiliated organization also founded by Mahathir Mohamad
[[Jamii:Malaysia]]
[[Jamii:Kuala Lumpur]]
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'''Ercole Consalvi''' ([[8 Juni]] [[1757]] – [[24 Januari]] [[1824]]) alikuwa [[shemasi]] na [[kardinali]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]], aliyewahi kuhudumu mara mbili kama [[Kardinali]] Katibu wa Jimbo (Cardinal Secretary of State) wa [[Dola la Papa]].
Alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kipindi cha baada ya vita vya [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon]], akitetea na kuimarisha tena kanuni ya uhalali wa Kimungu wa wafalme, ambayo aliiunga mkono kwa uthabiti.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Pacca|first1=Cardinal Bartolomeo|title=Historical Memoirs of Cardinal Pacca, Prime Minister to Pius VII - Vol I (English translation)|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi00headgoog|website=Archive.org|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pacca|first1=Cardinal Bartolomeo|title=Historical Memoirs of Cardinal Pacca, Prime Minister to Pius VII - Vol II (English translation)|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalmemoi01headgoog|website=Archive.org|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-Mkristo}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 1824]]
[[Jamii:mashemasi]]
[[Jamii:Wanaume wa Italia]]
[[Jamii:Makardinali]]
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'''Jeanne Razafiangy Dina Fotomanantena''' (amezaliwa Befandriana-Avaratra, [[25 Aprili]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Madagaska]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Seneti ya Madagaska kwa ajili ya Atsimo Andrefana, na ni mwanachama wa chama cha Tiako I Madagasikara.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.senat.gov.mg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86&Itemid=79 |title=Official page on the Senate website |accessdate=2026-02-24 |archive-date=2011-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175536/http://www.senat.gov.mg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86&Itemid=79 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1951|}}
[[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Madagascar]]
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== Karibu ==
Napenda kukukaribisha kwenye page yangu. @[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:33, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)
:ahsante ndugu '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl|majadiliano]])''' 06:35, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)
==Kuchangia makala==
Ukikuta makala ipo, usifute kazi ya wenzio kwa kutafsiri upya, tena kwa mashine. Ongezea palepale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 25 Machi 2026 (UTC)
== Makala zenye utata wa vyanzo ==
Habari ndugu, Tunashukuru kwa kazi yako. Tafadhari ukisha ipandisha makala jaribu kuangalia kama kila kitu kimekaa sawa, makala zako nyingi zina kasoro kwenye viungo. Mfano makala hii '''Wafaa El-Sadr'''. Tafadhari rudia kuepuka kufutwa na kufungiwa.
Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 12:27, 7 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
== Matumizi ya Translation tool ==
Habari ndugu,
Unatumia Translation tool na kuchapisha makala bila ya kuifanyia marekebisha kabisa. Hakikisha unapitia makala kwa kuweka kiswahili vizuri na miundo ya sentensi na sio kuamini kile kilichofanywa na tool yenyewe.
Aidha ni bora kutumia njia ya kawaida kwa kufanya tafsiri kidogo kidogo na sio kutumia tool kutafsiri makala nzima bila ya mapitio ya kutosha. Matumizi ya translation tool sio vibaya kwani inarahisisha kazi ila inakuhitaji umakini wa kutosha kwenye kuweka kiswahili vizuri kabla ya kuchapisha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 9 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:Habari ndugu Anuary.nimekuelewa
:naomba usiwe unafunga basi ila unielekeze nini cha kufanya kama ulivyoniambia hapo.Asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:23, 10 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::Bado unarudia makosa yale yale, bora uandike makala fupi (aya mbili au tatu) inayoeleweka vizuri kuliko kutumia kutumia Transalation Tool kuchapisha makala ndefu yenye makosa mengi.
Pia usifanye tafsiri ya Jina la chama cha siasa, kampuni n.k huandikwa kama ilivyo mfano katika makala hii ya [[Gorreth Namugga]] ulioandika tazama baada ya maboresho kadhaa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 08:01, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:Sawa.asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:06, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::Ndugu, mwenzako Valuegirl anazidi kujifunza uhariri, kumbe wewe unarudi nyuma. Vipi? Tafadhali, angalia ninavyorekebisha makala zako. Aamani kwako! --[[Maalum:Michango/~2026-24519-62|~2026-24519-62]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2026-24519-62|talk]]) 12:00, 21 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::asante kwa marekebisho.nitajitahidi zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 21 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::Ndugu, sioni mabadiliko. Maana yake huangalii makala zako zinavyorekebishwa, kw. mf. kufuta references zisizorejelea chochote. Sasa nitakusimamisha kwa siku moja ili uwe na muda wa kujifunza katika masahihisho hayo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:37, 22 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::Asante ndugu Riccardo.naendelea kujifunza zaidi nimejirekebisha sasa '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:56, 23 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::::Mbona bado? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:20, 25 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Habari Riccardo.Je hizi za sasa ziko sawa kabla sijaendelea '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:29, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Nafuu ipo, ila uzidi kupitia makala zako kuona zilivyorekebishwa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::Asante sana.Naendelea kujifunza '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:56, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
== Interwiki na Marejeo ==
Ahsante sana kwa michango yako ila napenda kukudokeza kwamba makala zako nyingi ulizotafsiri unasahau kuongeza [[Msaada:Interwiki|interwiki]]. Rejea kwenye makala zako na uongeze interwiki. Pia ongeza juhudi kidogo kwenye upande wa [[Msaada:Vyanzo|marejeo]], hasa pale ambapo rejeo umeshalitumia na unataka kutumia tena kwa mara ya pili na ya tatu, kwa hali kama hiyo tumia re-use.'''[[Mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|Abubakari Sixberth]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Abubakari Sixberth|majadiliano]])''' 23:17, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:Asante sana ndugu.nitajitahidi sana '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:34, 29 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
== Makala za mashine ==
Hujambo? Najua unatumia mashine kutafsiri. Si vibaya. Ubaya ni kuacha mashine iamue hatima ya ubora wa tafsiri. Ninakufuatilia namna unavyochapisha hadi kesho jioni kama hutabadilika kuboresha makala zako nitakuweka sandukuni kwa muda wa wiki ama mwezi ili upate ufahamu kutupia makala za mashine bila kupitisha macho si kitu chema hapa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 16:43, 9 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:Asante ndugu.nimekuelewa naomba unipe nafasi tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 18:27, 9 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::Kijana wa Arusha, haya, andika upesi taarifa zako fupi katika ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Fanya kama wengine ama akina sisi tulivyofanya inasaidia kujuana. Utaje na jumuia yako unayotoka. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue"><sub>'''Muddyb'''</sub></font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray"><sup>'''Longa'''</sup></font>]]</font> 19:17, 9 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::Haraka haraka haina baraka. Huoni unavyonilazimisha kusahihisha makala zako kila dakika kwa makosa yaleyale, kuanzia kichwa cha Kiingereza? Kweli hujui kwamba politician au footballer si Kiswahili? Huwezi kuandika mwanasiasa au mwanasoka? Usipobadilika, itanibidi nikuzuie kwanza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:52, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::habari ndugu Riccardo mimi naandika makala ya wanawake wa Brazil..... hiyo inaonyesha ni Uingereza ni mimi kweli '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:14, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::::Nani alianzisha makala hizi: [[Débora Menezes (politician)|Débora Menezes]] na [[Giselle Monteiro (politician)|Giselle Monteiro]]? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:21, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::::hizo ni mimi nitajirekebisha. haitajirudia tena '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:29, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::::::Leo pia nimetumia saa nzima kupitia upya makala zako. Jifunze kwa kuangalia nilivyozirekebisha. Kosa jipya la leo ni kurejelea Wikipedia ya Kiingereza katika madondoo. Marufuku! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:09, 17 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::::::asante Riccardo.asante kwa kunivumilia naendelea kujifunza '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 17 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::::::::habari ndugu Riccardo.naona umenifungia, ni kweli nafanya makosa lakini hata mimi sipendi najitahidi kujirekebisha na kujifunza pia.naomba unifungulie nipo kwenye shindano nimeshapambana mpaka leo ukinifungia uwezekano wa kuzidiwa na wenzangu ni mkubwa na hata nisiweze kuendelea.asante '''[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Egipa#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:54, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::@[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] Pole sana. Nafikiri amekufunga kwa siku mojaa pekee. Vuta subira. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 08:25, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Mradi wa Nchi ==
Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:13, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Jifunze hapa uandishi wa makala za wikipedia ==
habari ndugu , pole na hongera kwa kazi naona umekua ukirekebishwa na unarudia yale yale, kama bado ni mgeni tafadhali pitia na usome hapa [[Wikipedia:Msaada wa kuanzisha makala]] vizuri utapata mwangaza mzuri, usiwe na haraka , amani kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:33, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''.
Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world.
=== Appreciation Form ===
As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''.
'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
; Deadline
: 22 June 2026
Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process.
=== Thank you ===
We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world.
Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community.
— ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
</div>
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC)
<!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 -->
== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.
As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.
As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.
'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!
Best regards,
Feminism and Folklore international Team.
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 18 Juni 2026 (UTC)
</div>
<!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 -->
86v363n9s2souucj89wm5z4aowepk2f
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elizabeth Kitosi
3
225161
1574542
1573026
2026-06-18T14:31:15Z
MediaWiki message delivery
17311
/* Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ mjadala mpya
1574542
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== karibu ==
karibu sana ndugu Egipa tunakuthamini sana @[[Mtumiaji:Egipa|Egipa]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 06:33, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC)
==Kuchangia makala==
Ukikuta makala ipo, usifute kazi ya wenzio kwa kutafsiri upya, tena kwa mashine. Ongezea palepale. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 25 Machi 2026 (UTC)
:Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako kaka Riccardo, nimeupokea. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:23, 26 Machi 2026 (UTC)
::Sawa, lakini umerudia tena kosa hilohilo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC)
:::Ahsante tena kwa ushauri labda sijakuelewa kaka Riccardo ukisema ninafuta kazi ya wenzangu unamanisha ninafuta baadhi ya maneno au kazi nzima? Au nini haswa ninachofuta naomba unielewesha hapo '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:13, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC)
::::Sawa, angalia makala [[Sarah Gertrude Millin]]. Uliikuta ipo, na picha yake pia. Lakini ukaacha kuichangia na badala yake ulitafsiri upya ukurasa wa Kiingereza juu yake. Hivyo ukapoteza kazi ya waliokutangulia, pamoja na picha. Ikanibidi kuirudia bila kudharau nyongeza zako. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC)
:::::ahsante sana hapo nimekuelewa vizuri mnoo na ninaomba radhi kwa kufuta kazi ya wenzangu japo sio kwa makisudi nitahakikisha kuangalia jina kama limeshaandikwa kabla ya kuweka mchango wangu. Ninashururu mno kwa ushauri wako kaka [[Maalum:Michango/~2026-18921-50|~2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2026-18921-50|talk]]) 08:40, 31 Machi 2026 (UTC)
::::::mimi nina swali kaka @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] hivi ni sawa ninavyotumia translation tool kwa ajili ya kutransalate from english to swahili? i would have loved to use the normal typing method but currently i am in a competition contest and i need to work at a faster pace...please advice me. i want my work to be of high quality but i also need to have super speed because the person with the most written documentation get the price. Your advice would be of great help. Ahsante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:55, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Ndiyo matokeo ya kutoa zawadi kwa kuangalia wingi kuliko ubora. Sijui tuzo ikoje, lakini ndivyo ilivyo. Kwa kweli kurasa zako zina makosa mengi, kwa mfano kwa kawaida zinaanza na ubini tu wa mhusika, bila majina ya binafsi. Pia nimegundua unapenda na labda unajua Kiingereza kuliko Kiswahili. Hata ujumbe ulionitumia leo unaonyesha hilo... Utambue kwamba baadhi ya washindani wako wameshazoea uhariri kuliko wewe, hivyo si rahisi kuwashinda. Ila ukizidi kujifunza, pengine siku za mbele utakuwa na uzoefu utakaokusaidia kuwahi tuzo. Usichoke kupitia makala zako baada ya sisi kuzisahihisha walau kiasi. Ndiyo njia ya kujifunza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:38, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako kaka. Ninautafakari na nitachukua hatua. Barikiwa. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:45, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
== Matumizi ya Translation tool ==
Habari ndugu,
Unatumia Translation tool na kuchapisha makala bila ya kuifanyia marekebisha kabisa. Hakikisha unapitia makala kwa kuweka kiswahili vizuri na miundo ya sentensi na sio kuamini kile kilichofanywa na tool yenyewe.
Aidha ni bora kutumia njia ya kawaida kwa kufanya tafsiri kidogo kidogo na sio kutumia tool kutafsiri makala nzima bila ya mapitio ya kutosha. Matumizi ya translation tool sio vibaya kwani inarahisisha kazi ila inakuhitaji umakini wa kutosha kwenye kuweka kiswahili vizuri kabla ya kuchapisha. '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 10:48, 9 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:Ahsante sana kwa ushauri wako ndugu Anuary nimeanza kutengeneza pakae viruri kwenye kazi yangu naomba uendelee kuzidi kunishauri. Kwa sababu unanijenga [[Maalum:Michango/~2026-18921-50|~2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2026-18921-50|talk]]) 11:00, 11 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
== Ubora wa Makala ==
Ndugu, kwenye kuhariri makala zako zipitie na uzisafishe vizuuri kuna baadhi ya makosa umekua ukiyarejea, kwanza kwenye kuweka vyanzo usitafsiri vyanzo vichukue kama vilivyo na uvi bandike (paste) sehemu husika na pia usitumia Akili Bandia (AI) kwani utasababisha makala zako kufutwa kabisa au kufungiwa akaunti yako kama utashindwa kufanya vile inatakiwa, na kingine ukitasfiri makala embu zipitie zisome na uziweke zikae sawa, amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|Ramadhani Mushi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ramadhani Mushi|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 14 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:Ahsante sana kwa ushauri kaka nimeupokea na nitaufanyia kazi. [[Maalum:Michango/~2026-18921-50|~2026-18921-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2026-18921-50|talk]]) 06:51, 15 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::Kasi imezidi mno! Kurasa za dakika moja haziwezi kuwa na ubora. Nyingi ni fupi kupindukia na nyingine hazina vyanzo kabisa. Unataka tukusimamishe kwanza? Katika jamii mtu wa Misri wa Kale unamweka kati ya waliofariki mwaka 1992 BK! Kweli? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 06:50, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::Sawa ahsante ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] nitaufanyia kazi ushauri wako '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:01, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
:::Pamoja na hayo naomba usinisimamishe, nitaweka bidii zaidi kwenye kazi zangu kaka '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC)
::::Naona bado unafanya makosa yale yale. Je bado kunahaja ya kuto kukupumzisha? Makala zako sasa zina changamoto ya marejeo ambayo nimuhimu kweli kweli kwa kila makala. Tafadhari rekebisha mpaka ifikapo jumaa tatu tare 11.05.2026. Amani kwakoǃ '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 10:46, 9 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::::habari ndugu, kuna changamoto zipi kwenye marejeo? '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:21, 10 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::::::Haraka haraka haina baraka. Huoni unavyonilazimisha kusahihisha makala zako kila dakika kwa makosa yaleyale, kuanzia kichwa cha Kiingereza? Kweli hujui kwamba politician au footballer si Kiswahili? Huwezi kuandika mwanasiasa au mwanasoka? Usipobadilika, itanibidi nikuzuie kwanza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:52, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Habari kaka Riccardo kwa kweli niliwaza kwamba ni bora niache kichwa cha kingereza kwa mantiki kwamba mtu akitaka kumtafuta mtu huyo akikopi na kupesti jina lake kwenye wikipedia ya kiswahili iwe rahisi yeye kumpata kumbe ninakosea.
:::::::Nitajirekebisha na haitajirudia tena kaka. Ahsante kwa kunijenga. Amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:10, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Mradi wa Nchi ==
Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157<sup>2.0</sup></i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:18, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:Ahsante sana kwa taarifa hii ndugu. Naomba nitafakari hilo swala ili nikusanye mawazo alafu ntakurudia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:30, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::Nia ilikuwa njema, lakini unapoona tunapeleka kwenye Kiswahili mara 10 na zaidi, ujiulize sababu ni nini. Shida huangalii masahihisho tunayofanya, hivyo hamjifunzi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:23, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::Ni kweli kaka. Nitalifanyia na hilo kazi na kuzidi kujufunza. Shukrani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 16 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::::Legeza mwendo, tafadhali! Katika makala mbalimbali umeandika fulani ni fulani. Ni tautology kwa Kiingereza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::::amani kwako kaka Richard nimelipokea hili na nitalifanyia kazi, shukrani. '''[[Mtumiaji:Valuegirl|Valuegirl]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Valuegirl#top|majadiliano]])''' 00:09, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''.
Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world.
=== Appreciation Form ===
As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''.
'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
; Deadline
: 22 June 2026
Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process.
=== Thank you ===
We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world.
Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community.
— ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
</div>
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 15:54, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC)
<!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 -->
== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.
As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.
As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.
'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!
Best regards,
Feminism and Folklore international Team.
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 18 Juni 2026 (UTC)
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au2f1tea8d63tmsefi4siq4m60d76ue
Angela Makholwa
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'''Angela Makholwa''' ni mwandishi kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]], mmoja wa waandishi weusi wa kwanza kuandika habari za uhalifu nchini. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-01-09|title=A Beginner's Guide to African Crime Fiction|url=https://crimereads.com/a-beginners-guide-to-african-crime-fiction/|accessdate=2024-02-22|work=CrimeReads|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Maisha ==
Alizaliwa [[Johannesburg]], Afrika Kusini, akahitimu uandishi wa habari kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Rhodes]]. Alifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari wa gazeti na mshauri wa mahusiano ya umma kwenye mashirika kadhaa kabla ya kuanzisha kampuni yake ya mahusiano ya umma iliyojulikana kama Britespark Communications, mwaka wa 2002. Aliingia katika uwanja wa fasihi mwaka 2007 kwa kuandika ''Red Ink'', kitabu cha kwanza cha hadithi za uhalifu kilichoandikwa na mwandishi mweusi nchini Afrika Kusini. Kwenye ''Red Ink'', kuna stori ya mpelelezi wa hadithi za kubuni, Lucy mwandishi wa mahusiano ya umma anavutiwa kuchunguza mfululizo wa kutisha wa ubakaji na mauaji.
Makholwa alikuja na riwaya nyigine miaka miwili baadaye iliyoandikwa kwa mtindo wa "chick-like", ''The 30th Candle'' (2009). Riwaya yake ya tatu ilikuwa ''Black Widow Society'' (2013) na riwaya yake ya nne, ''The Blessed Girl'', ilichapishwa mnamo Oktoba 2017. Riwaya yake ya mwisho, ''Critical, But Stable'', ilitolewa mnamo 2021.
== Kazi ==
* ''Red Ink'', Pan Macmillan, 2007
* ''The 30th Candle'', Pan Macmillan, 2009
* ''Black Widow Society'', Pan Macmillan, 2013
* ''The Blessed Girl'', Pan Macmillan, 2017
* ''Critical, But Stable'', [https://www.panmacmillan.co.za/authors/angela-makholwa/116156 Pan MacMillan], 2021
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [http://mg.co.za/article/2009-11-25-talking-authors-angela-makholwa Talking authors: Angela Makholwa], ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'', 25 November 2009
* [https://angelamakholwa.com/ Angela Makholwa | South African Best-Selling Author] {{Wayback|url=https://angelamakholwa.com/ |date=20251107152146 }}
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]]
l7r50tlvzn4kufaburweazr727uxmpo
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Sage Lior
3
226123
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/* Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ mjadala mpya
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<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC)
== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]
Dear {{PAGENAME}},
Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.
As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.
As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.
'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''
Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.
Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!
Best regards,
Feminism and Folklore international Team.
--'''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:31, 18 Juni 2026 (UTC)
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9io6dzmnsae862ahe8mswrgk58i2puw
Yuliia Starodubtseva
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'''Yuliia Volodymyrivna Starodubtseva''' (alizaliwa [[17 Februari]] [[2000]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa tenisi nchini [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Yuliia Starodubtseva |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/324304/yuliia-starodubtseva |publisher=WTA Tennis |access-date=2026-03-23}}</ref>
Alifikia cheo cha juu zaidi cha 63 duniani katika mashindano ya watu binafsi mnamo Agosti 2025. Katika French Open mwaka [[2025]], alifikia raundi ya tatu kwa mara ya kwanza katika taaluma yake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Starodubtseva reaches third round at Roland Garros |url=https://www.rolandgarros.com/en-us/article/starodubtseva-reaches-third-round-roland-garros-2025 |publisher=Roland Garros |access-date=2026-03-23 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Mwaka [[2024]], alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza katika enzi ya Open kufuzu kwa mashindano yote manne ya Grand Slam katika msimu mmoja.<ref>{{cite web |title='I learned my lesson': Starodubtseva's path from tough coaching to Top 100 |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/4151470/i-learned-my-lesson-starodubtseva-s-path-from-tough-coaching-to-top-100 |publisher=WTA Tennis |access-date=2026-03-23}}</ref>
Alicheza tenisi ya vyuo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Old Dominion nchini [[Marekani]].
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ukraine]]
kywrcu8vkbgx1ylaj9ddgr9dprvlcdy
Wanuer
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[[File:Map_of_the_Nuer_in_South_Sudan.svg|thumb|Eneo la Wanuer nchini Sudan Kusini.]]
'''Wanuer''' ni [[moja]] ya [[makabila]] ya [[Sudani Kusini]]. Ndilo kabila la pili kwa ukubwa nchini, wao ni [[asilimia]] [[ishirini]] ya watu wote wa Sudani Kusini. Wanuer ni [[Waniloti]] na wanaishi hasa katika [[mkoa wa Nile ya Juu]], kaskazini mashariki mwa nchi, lakini pia katika [[Jimbo la Gambela|jimbo la Gambela]] nchini [[Ethiopia]]. [[Lugha]] yao ni [[Kinuer]], mojawapo kati ya [[lugha za Kiniloti]].
==Marejeo==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=NUER: a description of the modes of livelihood and political institutions of a nilotic people ... (classic reprint)|url=https://archive.org/details/nuerdescriptiono0000evan_j5p0|last=Evans-Pritchard|first=E.E.|year=2016|orig-year=1940|publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=978-1-33380-312-4 |oclc=980437822}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Global Security Watch - Sudan|url=https://archive.org/details/globalsecuritywa0000lobb|last=Lobban|first=Richard Andrew|publisher=Praeger|year=2010|location=Santa Barbara, CA}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Culture sketches: case studies in anthropology |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesketchesc0000pete_h3y8 |last=Peters-Golden|first=Holly |year=2012 |publisher=The McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07811-702-2 |edition= 6th |location=Dubuque, Iowa |oclc=716069710}}
* {{Rejea kitabu |title=Nuer-American Passages: Globalizing Sudanese Migration |last=Shandy |first=Dianna J. |publisher=U of Florida |year=2006 |location=Gainesville, Florida}}
* Wechtuor, Kuajien Lual, Yual Doctor Chiek and Peter Gai Manyuon (2016), ''The Nuer Nation'', ''Amazon.com'', {{ISBN|978-1540632364}}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Evans-Pritchard | first1 = E. E. | year = 1948 | title = Nuer Marriage Ceremonies | journal = Africa: Journal of the International African Institute | volume = 18 | issue = 1| pages = 29–40 | doi = 10.2307/3180465 | jstor=3180465| s2cid = 144927252 }}
{{Rejea kitabu |title=Nuer Journeys, Nuer Lives: Sudanese Refugees in Minnesota |url=https://archive.org/details/nuerjourneysnuer0000holt |author=Jon D. Holtzman |isbn=9780205543328 |year = 2007|publisher=Allyn and Bacon }}
{{refend}}
==Marejeo mengine==
* Kuajien Lual Wechtuor, Yual Doctor Chiek and Peter Gai Manyuon, ''The Nuer Nation'', 2016, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, {{ISBN|978-1540632364}}
* The works of [[E. E. Evans-Pritchard]]
* Jon D. Holtzman, 2000 (2nd ed. 2007), "Nuer Journeys, Nuer Lives", [[Pearson Education]], Inc., Boston, MA.
* Sharon Hutchinson, 1996, ''Nuer Dilemmas'', [[University of California Press]], [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley, CA]].
* Maggie McCune 1999, ''Till The Sun Grows Cold'', Headline Book Publishing Ltd, {{ISBN|0-7472-7539-4}}
* Deborah Scroggins, 2004, ''Emma's War'', [[Pantheon Books]], New York
* Dianna J. Shandy, 2007, "Nuer-American Passages: Globalizing Sudanese Migration," Gainesville: [[University Press of Florida]].
* United Nations Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia (UN-EUE), [https://apps.who.int/disasters/repo/8684.pdf Breaking the Cycle of Conflict in Gambella Region], 3 January 2003
• Katarzyna Grabska 2014 "[https://boydellandbrewer.com/gender-home-and-identity.html Gender, identity home: Nuer repatriation to Southern Sudan] {{Wayback|url=https://boydellandbrewer.com/gender-home-and-identity.html |date=20201005190436 }}," James Currey: Oxford.
==Viungo vya nje==
*[http://robrooker.com/photos?album=1&gallery=14 Images of Nuer in the village of Leal, Southern Sudan] {{Wayback|url=http://robrooker.com/photos?album=1&gallery=14 |date=20160402092405 }}
*[http://strategyleader.org/profiles/nuer.html Strategyleader.org]
*[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/422112/Nuer Britannica.com]
{{mbegu-utamaduni}}
[[Jamii:Makabila ya Sudan Kusini]]
[[Jamii:Makabila ya Ethiopia]]
iygfokkxvaj1ir6ozusc0iuloubouue
Mkhuleko Hlengwa
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[[Faili:Mkhuleko Hlengwa, Deputy Minister of Transport of South Africa, in 2026.jpg|thumb]]
'''Mkhuleko Hlengwa''' (amezaliwa [[12 Juni]] 1987) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Uchukuzi mnamo Julai 2024. Pia ni msemaji wa kitaifa wa chama cha Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) na amekuwa akiwakilisha chama hicho katika Bunge la Kitaifa tangu Mei 2012..<ref name=":3">{{Rejea habari|date=11 March 2011|title=IFP youths set to elect leaders|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2011-03-11-ifp-youths-set-to-elect-leaders/|access-date=12 July 2024|work=The Sowetan}}</ref>
Alizaliwa katika Mkoa wa KwaZulu-Natal. Hlengwa alipata umaarufu wa kitaifa akiwa mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kudumu ya Hesabu za Umma (Standing Committee on Public Accounts) katika Bunge la awamu ya sita. Chini ya uongozi wake, kamati hiyo ilichunguza athari za “state capture” katika mashirika ya umma.
Kabla ya hapo, Hlengwa alikuwa mwenyekiti wa IFP Youth Brigade kuanzia Machi 2011 hadi Julai 2019. Baadaye aliteuliwa kuwa msemaji wa IFP mnamo Julai 2018.<ref>{{Rejea habari|date=14 March 2011|title=Drama with IFP youth|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/2011-03-14-drama-with-ifp-youth/|access-date=12 July 2024|work=The Sowetan}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
jfx367bbt5mqr5l6jz9m9v4olkkn065
Samira Bellil
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'''Samira Bellil''' (24 Novemba 1972 – 4 Septemba 2004) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa ufeministi nchini Ufaransa na mtetezi wa haki za wasichana na wanawake.
Bellil alipata umaarufu nchini Ufaransa baada ya kuchapishwa kwa kitabu chake cha wasifu binafsi ''Dans l'enfer des tournantes'' (“Katika jehanamu ya ‘tournantes’ (ubakaji wa kikundi)”) mwaka 2002. Kitabu hicho kinazungumzia ukatili alioupitia yeye pamoja na wasichana wengine katika vitongoji vya wahamiaji, hasa wenye asili ya Afrika Kaskazini na Kiarabu, vilivyo pembezoni mwa Paris, ambako alibakwa mara kwa mara akiwa kijana na makundi yaliyoongozwa na watu aliowafahamu, kisha kuachwa bila msaada na familia na marafiki.
Kitabu hicho kinapatikana pia kwa Kiingereza (kimefasiriwa na Lucy R. McNair) kwa jina ''To Hell and Back: The Life of Samira Bellil''.<ref>{{cite book |isbn=978-0803213562|title=To Hell and Back: The Life of Samira Bellil |url=https://archive.org/details/tohellbacklifeof00bell|last1=Bellil |first1=Samira |date=October 2008 }}</ref>
== Maisha ==
Bellil alizaliwa na wazazi wa [[Aljeria|Algeria]] huko Algiers. Familia yake ilihamia Ufaransa na kuishi katika kitongoji cha Val-d'Oise karibu na Paris. Baba yake alifungwa gerezani karibu mara moja kwa kosa la mauaji, na yeye akaishi kwa malezi katika familia huko Ubelgiji kwa muda wa miaka mitano kabla ya kurejeshwa kwa wazazi wake.<ref name="guard">[[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/sep/13/guardianobituaries.france](https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/sep/13/guardianobituaries.france) The Guardian, Obituary].</ref>
Akiwa kijana, Bellil alipinga vikwazo vya kijadi vya kijinsia katika jamii yake na alitaka kuishi kwa uhuru kama mwanamke mchanga wa Kifaransa.<ref name="guard" />
Akiwa na umri wa miaka 14, Bellil alibakwa na kundi la wanaume lililoongozwa na mtu aliyemfahamu.<ref name="guard" /> Walimpiga na kumbaka usiku kucha. Mwezi mmoja baadaye, mmoja wa washambuliaji wenye ukatili zaidi alimvuta nje ya treni kwa nywele zake huku abiria wengine wakipuuza tukio hilo, na akambaka tena kikatili.<ref name="guard" />
Hakutoa taarifa ya ubakaji huo hadi marafiki zake wawili walipomweleza kuwa walishambuliwa kingono na kundi hilohilo. Samira alikimbilia mfumo wa sheria wa Ufaransa ili kuwafikisha wahalifu mbele ya sheria. Kiongozi wa kundi hilo alihukumiwa kifungo cha miaka minane gerezani.<ref name="guard" />
Wazazi wake, waliodhani wameaibishwa na uwepo wake, walimfukuza nyumbani kwa sababu hakufuata “staha” ya kijamii na alichagua kutovaa hijabu.<ref name="guard" /> “Watu wa nje ya jamii hawajui,” aliandika Bellil, “na kila mtu ndani ya jamii anajua, lakini hawasemi chochote.”<ref>{{cite web |last1=George |first1=Rose |title=Obituary: Samira Bellil |url=[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/sep/13/guardianobituaries.france](https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/sep/13/guardianobituaries.france) |website=The Guardian |access-date=7 December 2020 |date=13 September 2004}}</ref>
Hatimaye alipata mwanasaikolojia aliyemsaidia. Alipitia miaka kadhaa ya tiba ya kisaikolojia, na alieleza jinsi alivyofikia uamuzi wa kuandika kitabu chake ili kuwaonyesha wasichana wengine waliopitia ubakaji wa makundi kuwa kuna njia ya kupona. “Ni safari ndefu na ngumu, lakini inawezekana,” aliandika katika wakfu wa kitabu chake—kwa “dada zangu wenye matatizo.” Alitumia jina lake halisi na kuweka picha yake kwenye jalada la kitabu. Pia alikiweka wakfu kwa rafiki zake wa kike ili watambue kuwa inawezekana kushinda madhara ya kiwewe, pamoja na mtaalamu wake wa tiba, Boris Cyrulnik. Uzoefu wake ulishtua Ufaransa na kulazimisha serikali kuchunguza tatizo hilo.
Baadaye alifanya kazi kama mhudumu wa vijana. Alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 31 tarehe 4 Septemba 2004 kutokana na saratani ya tumbo.<ref name="guard" />
== ''Ni Putes Ni Soumises'' ==
Bellil alishiriki kuanzisha kundi la wanaharakati wa wanawake vijana lililoitwa ''Ni Putes Ni Soumises'' (“Sio makahaba wala wanyonge”), ambalo lilishughulikia hadharani suala la ukatili dhidi ya wanawake vijana nchini Ufaransa. Kundi hilo lilivutia vyombo vya habari vya Ufaransa na Ulaya kwa kuandaa maandamano na mikutano na waandishi wa habari ili kuonyesha hali mbaya inayowakumba wasichana katika vitongoji vya pembezoni (banlieue). Alikemea vitendo vya ubakaji wa makundi (vinavyojulikana kama ''tournantes'') na kueleza jinsi alivyoweza kushinda kiwewe chake pamoja na hisia za kulipiza kisasi.
== Urithi ==
Alichaguliwa kuwa mmoja wa sura mpya za Marianne, ishara ya Jamhuri ya Ufaransa. Picha yake imewekwa nje ya Bunge la Taifa la Ufaransa.
Mwaka 2005, shule moja ya Ufaransa katika Île-Saint-Denis iliitwa kwa heshima yake: Ecole Samira Bellil.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwandishi}}
{{BD|1972|2004}}
[[Jamii:wanawake wa Algeria]]
[[Jamii:waandishi wa Algeria]]
[[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Algeria]]
[[Jamii:wanawake wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:waandishi wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Ufaransa]]
okcqrez9wrcuxysa6wxvxrbqw46mllu
Ateyyat El Abnoudy
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'''Ateyyat El Abnoudy''' (pia alijulikana kama '''Ateyyat Awad Mahmoud Khalil'''; 26 Novemba 1939 – 5 Oktoba 2018) alikuwa mwandishi wa habari, mwanasheria, mwigizaji, mtayarishaji na mwongozaji wa filamu kutoka Misri.<ref name="Hillauer">{{Citation|last=Hillauer|first=Rebecca|date=2006-02-02|pages=421–448|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=9789774249433|doi=10.5743/cairo/9789774249433.003.0011|title=Encyclopedia of Arab Women Filmmakers|chapter=Other Filmmakers}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika kijiji kidogo kando ya Delta ya Nile nchini [[Misri]]. Al Abnoudy alihesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa wanawake wa Kiarabu katika uongozaji wa filamu, kwani kazi zake ziliwahamasisha wanawake wengi katika tasnia hiyo. Alijulikana pia kama “mtengenezaji wa filamu wa watu maskini” kutokana na mada za filamu zake zilizojikita katika haki za kiraia na maisha ya Waarabu maskini.
Al Abnoudy alipokea zaidi ya tuzo 30 za kimataifa kwa filamu zake 22, zikiwemo tuzo tatu kwa filamu ''Horse of Mud'' iliyotolewa mwaka 1971.
== Maisha ya awali na elimu ==
Ateyyat El Abnoudy alikulia katika eneo la vijijini la El Senbellawein, Dakahlia Governorate|Mkoa wa Daqahlia, kaskazini mwa Delta ya Nile.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Negotiating Dissidence |date=2017-01-04 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-9606-2 |language=en |doi=10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696062.003.0002}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika familia ya wafanyakazi, yenye historia ya biashara ya viungo na nguo kando ya Mto Nile.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hillauer |first=Rebecca |title=Encyclopedia of Arab women filmmakers |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofar0000hill |last2=Brown |first2=Allison |last3=Cohan |first3=Deborah |last4=Joyce |first4=Nancy |date=2005 |publisher=The American university in Cairo press |isbn=978-977-424-943-3 |edition=Revised and updated edition of the original, which appeared in German, arte-edition, Unkel am Rhein, 2001 |location=Cairo}}</ref> Alikuwa mtoto wa sita kati ya watoto saba, akiwa na dada wanne na kaka watatu, na ndiye pekee aliyefaulu kumaliza masomo katika familia yake.
Alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cairo]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 16 kusomea sheria, na kuwa mwanafunzi mdogo zaidi darasani kwake.<ref name=":1" /> Ili kugharamia masomo yake, alifanya kazi kama mwigizaji katika ukumbi wa michezo. Akiwa chuoni, alikutana na mume wake wa kwanza, mwandishi wa habari na mshairi Abdel Rahman el-Abnudi.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}
Kutokana na asili yake ya tabaka la wafanyakazi, alipata changamoto za kifedha, lakini alieleza kuwa mabadiliko ya kisiasa ya Misri katika enzi ya Historia ya Misri chini ya Gamal Abdel Nasser yalisaidia watu maskini kupata elimu.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Hillauer |first=Rebecca |title=Encyclopedia of Arab women filmmakers |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofar0000hill |last2=Brown |first2=Allison |last3=Cohan |first3=Deborah |last4=Joyce |first4=Nancy |date=2005 |publisher=The American university in Cairo press |isbn=978-977-424-943-3 |edition=Revised and updated edition of the original, which appeared in German, arte-edition, Unkel am Rhein, 2001 |location=Cairo}}</ref>
Baadaye alihamia Cairo kwa kazi na masomo, na kusoma katika [[Taasisi ya Juu ya Sinema ya Cairo]] kwa miaka miwili, akijikita zaidi katika nadharia ya filamu. Alisoma pia kwa miaka mitatu katika shule ya kimataifa ya filamu na televisheni mjini London kabla ya kurejea Misri mwaka 1976.
== Kazi ==
Al Abnoudy alifanya kazi mbalimbali katika ukumbi wa michezo kama meneja wa jukwaa na msaidizi. Mwaka 1972 alijiunga na Taasisi ya Juu ya Sinema ya Cairo kumalizia masomo ya filamu, ambapo alitengeneza ''Horse of Mud'', filamu yake ya kwanza ya kumbukumbu (documentary) na pia ya kwanza nchini Misri kutayarishwa na mwanamke.
Alianza kazi ya uigizaji ili kujipatia kipato wakati akisomea uandishi wa habari. Akiwa mwandishi wa habari, alivutiwa sana na maisha ya watu maskini wa [[Cairo]], jambo lililomhamasisha kuingia katika utayarishaji na uongozaji wa filamu zinazoonyesha hali zao. Alijulikana kama “mtengenezaji wa filamu wa watu maskini” na “mama wa filamu za kumbukumbu”, na aliwahamasisha wanawake wengi wa Kiarabu kufuata nyayo zake.<ref name="Van de Peer 1">{{Cite book |last=Van de Peer |first=Stefanie |title=Ateyyat El Abnoudy: Poetic Realism in Egyptian Documentaries |date=4 January 2017 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=9781474434836 |pages=28–54 |language=en-US |doi=10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696062.001.0001}}</ref>
Filamu zake zilijikita katika masuala ya kisiasa, kijamii na kiuchumi nchini Misri, na zilipinga udhibiti mkali wa filamu uliokuwepo wakati wa enzi ya Historia ya Jamhuri ya Misri#Enzi ya Sadat.<ref name="Van de Peer 2">{{Cite journal|title=The Physicalities of Documentaries by African Women|journal=Critical Interventions|volume=5|pages=135–153|doi=10.1080/19301944.2011.10781405|year = 2011|last1 = Van De Peer|first1 = Stefanie|doi-access=free}}</ref> Alikumbana na ukosoaji na udhibiti kutoka serikalini kutokana na kuonyesha umaskini na mateso katika kazi zake.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |title=Negotiating Dissidence |date=2017-01-04 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-9606-2 |language=en |doi=10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696062.003.0002}}</ref>
Aliendelea kupinga udhibiti huo kwa kuanzisha kampuni yake ya uzalishaji wa filamu, Abnoudy Film, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kufanya hivyo nchini Misri.
Filamu yake ya kwanza ilipata umaarufu kimataifa na kushinda tuzo katika tamasha la filamu la Mannheim-Heidelberg. Pia alipata tuzo mbalimbali katika majukwaa ya kimataifa na kushiriki kama jaji katika tamasha kadhaa za filamu duniani.
Kazi zake zilipata uangalizi mpya wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Misri ya 2011, na baada ya kifo chake filamu zake ziliendelea kuonyeshwa katika tamasha mbalimbali duniani.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |last=Desouki |first=Yasmin |date=2022-04-01 |title=The Vanishing Archive |journal=Feminist Media Histories |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=70–87 |doi=10.1525/fmh.2022.8.2.70}}</ref>
== Mtindo wa uongozaji ==
Alivutiwa na harakati ya sinema mpya ya Kiarabu (New Arab Cinema) pamoja na mtindo wa [[Arab cinema]]. Pia aliathiriwa na harakati ya [[Third Cinema]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Van de Peer |first=Stefanie |title=Negotiating Dissidence: The Pioneering Women of Arab Documentary |date=2017-01-04 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-9606-2}}</ref>
Alijikita zaidi katika filamu za kumbukumbu zisizo za kubuni, na kazi zake ziliwekwa katika kundi la direct cinema kwa sababu ya uhalisia wake katika kuonyesha maisha ya watu wa kawaida. Pia alitumia mbinu ya [[poetic realism]] katika filamu zake.
== Maisha binafsi ==
Al Abnoudy na mume wake walimlea mtoto wa kuasili. Baadaye walitalikiana baada ya zaidi ya miaka 20 ya ndoa, na aliendelea kuishi Cairo pamoja na binti yake.
Aliendelea kutengeneza filamu hadi miaka ya 1990 na 2000 kabla ya kufariki mwaka 2018 akiwa na umri wa miaka 78.
== Tuzo na uteuzi ==
* 1971 – Tuzo tatu za kimataifa katika tamasha la Grand Prix Film Festival na [[International Filmfestival Mannheim-Heidelberg]] pamoja na [[Damascus International Film Festival]].
* 1972 – Tuzo ya wakosoaji wa Ufaransa katika tamasha la Grenoble.
* 1990 – Tuzo ya ushirikiano bora wa uzalishaji, Valencia Film Festival, Hispania.
* 1992 – Tuzo ya wakosoaji wa filamu wa Misri, Ismailia International Documentary & Short Film Festival.
* 1998 – Alitunukiwa heshima na Tamasha la Filamu la Taifa la Wizara ya Utamaduni ya Misri.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}}
{{BD|1939|2018}}
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]]
[[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Misri]]
[[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Misri]]
[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Misri]]
[[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Misri]]
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Shahira Amin
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'''Heba Aly''' ni mwandishi wa habari na mtendaji wa shirika lisilo la kiserikali mwenye asili ya Kanada na Misri.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan expels reporter over Darfur, arms: US |url=[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL9290326](https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL9290326) |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=Reuters |date=9 Februari 2009 |language=en}}</ref> Kwa sasa anahudumu kama mkurugenzi wa muungano wa ''Article 109'', uliokuwa ukijulikana awali kama ''UN Charter Reform Coalition''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=24 Septemba 2025|title=Article 109 Coalition launches at UNGA|url=[https://globalchallenges.org/updates/article-109-coalition-launches-at-unga/|access-date=14](https://globalchallenges.org/updates/article-109-coalition-launches-at-unga/|access-date=14) Machi 2026|website=Global Challenges Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Team|url=[https://article109.org/team/|access-date=14](https://article109.org/team/|access-date=14) Machi 2026|website=Article 109}}</ref> Hapo awali alikuwa mkurugenzi mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa shirika huru la habari lisilo la kibiashara la ''The New Humanitarian'', ambalo zamani lilikuwa mradi wa Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Kuratibu Masuala ya Kibinadamu (OCHA) chini ya jina la Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN). Aliongoza mabadiliko ya shirika hilo kuwa taasisi huru inayojikita katika uandishi wa habari kuhusu migogoro, hususan barani Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Granger|first=Jacob|date=8 Julai 2021|title=Heba Aly, CEO of The New Humanitarian, on reshaping coverage of the Global South|url=[https://www.journalism.co.uk/podcast/heba-aly-ceo-of-the-new-humanitarian-on-reshaping-coverage-of-the-global-south/s399/a838184/|access-date=6](https://www.journalism.co.uk/podcast/heba-aly-ceo-of-the-new-humanitarian-on-reshaping-coverage-of-the-global-south/s399/a838184/|access-date=6) Oktoba 2021|website=journalism.co.uk}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Herman |first=Marc |date=12 Oktoba 2016 |title=Freed from UN, a 20-year-old news network embraces independence |url=[https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php](https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211006163854/https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php](https://web.archive.org/web/20211006163854/https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php) |archive-date=6 Oktoba 2021 |access-date=6 Oktoba 2021 |website=Columbia Journalism Review |language=en}}</ref>
Aly alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa viongozi vijana wa kimataifa (Young Global Leaders) mwaka 2018 na Jukwaa la Uchumi Duniani (World Economic Forum).<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Heba Aly|url=[https://www.weforum.org/people/heba-aly/|access-date=21](https://www.weforum.org/people/heba-aly/|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref> Kazi yake ya uongozi wa umma inahusisha utetezi wa uandishi bora wa habari kuhusu maeneo ya migogoro na masuala ya kibinadamu. Amekuwa mhadhiri katika mikutano ya TEDxChamonix<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Aly|first=Heba|date=Juni 2017|title=Stop eating junk news|url=[https://www.ted.com/talks/heba_aly_stop_eating_junk_news|website=TEDxChamonix}}](https://www.ted.com/talks/heba_aly_stop_eating_junk_news|website=TEDxChamonix}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> na pia katika PeaceTalks.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Heba Aly – PeaceTalks |url=[https://www.peacetalks.net/pt/heba-aly/](https://www.peacetalks.net/pt/heba-aly/) |access-date=21 Septemba 2021 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Maisha ya awali ==
Aly alizaliwa mjini Ottawa, Kanada. Alihitimu kwa heshima za juu katika shahada ya Sayansi (B.S.) katika uandishi wa habari na haki za binadamu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Carleton.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Heba Aly |url=[https://pulitzercenter.org/people/heba-aly](https://pulitzercenter.org/people/heba-aly) |access-date=21 Septemba 2021 |website=Pulitzer Center |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Kazi ==
Mwanzoni mwa kazi yake, Aly alifanya uandishi wa habari kutoka maeneo yenye migogoro katika Mashariki ya Kati, Afrika na Asia ya Kati.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Interview of Heba Aly, The New Humanitarian, on Peace & Humanitarian|url=[https://genevasolutions.news/peace-humanitarian/interview-of-heba-aly-the-new-humanitarian-on-peace-humanitarian|access-date=21](https://genevasolutions.news/peace-humanitarian/interview-of-heba-aly-the-new-humanitarian-on-peace-humanitarian|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=genevasolutions.news|date=4 Machi 2020|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akiwa mwandishi wa habari, aliripoti kutoka Senegal, Afrika Magharibi na Chad, Afrika ya Kati, akishughulikia maendeleo na migogoro katika Niger, biashara haramu ya watoto nchini Nigeria, ghasia na umaskini nchini Senegal na Guinea-Bissau, mafuriko nchini Ghana, pamoja na wakimbizi waliokimbia makazi yao kutoka Chad na Sudan.<ref name=":2" />
Ripoti zake zimechapishwa na Shirika la Utangazaji la Kanada (CBC), ''The Christian Science Monitor'', na Bloomberg News.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=1 Oktoba 2015 |title=About Us |url=[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/content/about-us](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/content/about-us) |access-date=21 Septemba 2021 |website=The New Humanitarian |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kama mtendaji mkuu, mara nyingi hushiriki kama mchambuzi na mhadhiri kuhusu sera za kibinadamu katika mikutano ya serikali na kongamano mbalimbali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Heba Aly – ONA Community Profile|url=[https://journalists.org/profiles/heba-aly/|access-date=21](https://journalists.org/profiles/heba-aly/|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=Online News Association|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Tuzo na heshima ==
Aly alipokea ufadhili kutoka Kituo cha Pulitzer cha Uandishi wa Habari za Migogoro (Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting) kwa kazi yake nchini Sudan kati ya mwaka 2008 hadi 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Ali|first=Wasil|date=11 Februari 2009|title=Canadian journalist recounts days leading to expulsion from Sudan|url=[https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|url-status=dead|access-date=21](https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|url-status=dead|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210921233034/https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|archive-date=21](https://web.archive.org/web/20210921233034/https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|archive-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=The Sudan Tribune via the Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref>
Mwaka 2018 alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa Young Global Leaders na World Economic Forum.<ref name=":3" />
Pia alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa Waafrika 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa mwaka 2018 na jarida la New African Magazine.<ref name=":3" />
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwandishi}}
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Misri]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]]
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Esther Ibanga
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'''Esther Ibanga''' (alizaliwa [[31 Machi]] [[1961]]) ni mchungaji kutoka [[Nigeria]] na pia mwanzilishi wa taasisi iitwayo Women Without Walls Initiative, mpango unaolenga kuhimiza mshikamano na amani kati ya jamii tofauti.
Katika kazi yake ya huduma na uanaharakati wa kijamii, Esther Ibanga amejitokeza kama mmoja wa viongozi waliotoa mchango mkubwa katika kuleta maelewano kati ya watu wa makabila na dini tofauti, hususan katika eneo la Jos, Nigeria ambalo mara nyingi limekumbwa na migogoro ya kijamii.
Kutokana na jitihada zake za kukuza amani, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya 32 ya Niwano Peace Prize, inayotolewa kwa watu wanaochangia kwa kiwango kikubwa katika kuimarisha amani na maelewano duniani.
== Maisha ==
Esther Ibanga alizaliwa tarehe 31 Machi 1961, akiwa mtoto wa Abumadga Auta na Mariamu Abimiku. Alikuwa mtoto wa saba katika familia yenye watoto kumi na mmoja, ambapo kati yao kulikuwa na mabinti wanane.
Anatoka Kagbu, katika Eneo la Serikali ya Mtaa ya Nasarawa Eggon, lililopo [[Jimbo la Nasarawa]] nchini Nigeria. Baba yake alikuwa afisa wa polisi aliyekuwa amejipatia sifa kutokana na ushujaa na uaminifu wake kazini. Esther mwenyewe amewahi kumuelezea baba yake kama mtu wa maombi na mwenye karama ya unabii, akisema alikulia katika mazingira yaliyojaa maombi na imani ya kidini. Baba yake alimpa jina la utani “Baban Meche,” likimaanisha “mwanamke mkuu.”
Mama yake, Mariamu Abimiku, alikuwa mama wa nyumbani aliyejulikana kwa uchapakazi na ushiriki wake katika shughuli za kanisa kupitia kikundi cha wanawake kiitwacho Zumantan Mata, pamoja na kushiriki safari za kimisheni, jambo lililomfanya kujulikana kama “mama misheni.”<ref name="fixcopyvio">[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/07/esther-ibanga-garlands-for-a-caregiver/ Esther Ibanga: Garlands for a caregiver], Soni Daniel, 3 July 2015, vanguardngr.com, Retrieved 4 February 2016</ref>
Katika maisha yake ya ndoa, Esther Ibanga ameolewa na mume wake Ikoedem Ibanga kwa zaidi ya miaka 25. Wamebarikiwa kupata watoto wawili wa kike, Uyai na Ifiok.
== Elimu ==
Esther Ibanga alianza safari yake ya elimu katika Shule ya Msingi ya St. Paul, Kasuwan Kaji iliyopo katika Eneo la Serikali za Mitaa la Jos North, [[Jimbo la Plateau]]. Alisoma hapo kuanzia mwaka [[1968]] hadi [[1973]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/boko-haram-nigerian-woman-awarded-japan-peace-prize-anti-terror-activism-1489240|title=Boko Haram: Nigerian woman awarded Japan peace prize for anti terror activism|work=ibtimes|accessdate=June 20, 2015}}</ref>
Baada ya kumaliza elimu ya msingi, alijiunga na Chuo cha St. Louis kilichopo Jos kwa ajili ya elimu ya sekondari, ambako alianza masomo yake mwaka 1973.
Mnamo mwaka [[1978]], alijiunga na programu ya elimu ya juu katika Shule ya Masomo ya Msingi, Zaria, [[Jimbo la Kaduna]], ambapo alipata Cheti cha Bodi ya Masomo ya Pamoja ya Muda (IJMB). Hii ilimfungulia njia ya kuendelea na elimu ya juu katika fani ya biashara.
Kutokana na shauku yake katika masuala ya biashara na usimamizi, alisomea Shahada ya Kwanza katika Utawala wa Biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha Ahmadu Bello kilichopo Zaria, kuanzia mwaka [[1979]] hadi [[1983]].
Baadaye, mwaka [[2001]], alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili ya Biashara kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jos, hatua iliyoongeza ujuzi wake katika uongozi na usimamizi wa biashara.<ref name="wowwiteam">[http://www.wowwi.org/#!our-team/ok61q Our Team], WOWWI, Retrieved 4 February 2016</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu-Mkristo}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]]
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Lateefah Durosinmi
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'''Lateefah Durosinmi''' (alizaliwa [[1957]] huko [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]]) ni [[mwanakemia]] na msomi wa Nigeria anayejulikana kwa mchango wake katika elimu ya kemia na utafiti wa [[sayansi]].
Pia ni [[Profesa]] katika Obafemi Awolowo University iliyopo Ilé-Ifẹ̀, Nigeria, ambapo amehusika katika ufundishaji, utafiti, na maendeleo ya taaluma ya kemia kwa vizazi vya wanafunzi wa sayansi.
Kupitia kazi yake ya kitaaluma, Lateefah Durosinmi amechangia katika kuimarisha elimu ya sayansi nchini Nigeria, hasa katika kukuza uelewa wa kemia na kuendeleza watafiti vijana katika sekta ya sayansi ya asili.
== Maisha ya Awali ==
Lateefah Moyosore-Oluwa Adunni Durosinmi alizaliwa tarehe 7 Julai 1957 katika Kisiwa cha Lagos, Nigeria. Baba yake, marehemu Alhaji Tijani Akanni Kolawole Williams, alikuwa meneja wa mauzo, huku mama yake, Madam Wusamot Abeni Kareem, akihusika katika shughuli za kifamilia na kijamii. Alipata elimu yake ya awali katika Shule ya Wasichana ya Kisasa (binafsi) huko Olowogbowo, kisha akaendelea na masomo ya sekondari katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Gbagada. Mnamo tarehe [[9 Mei]] [[1981]], alifunga ndoa na Muheez Durosinmi.<ref name="Current">{{cite book|title=Women, Islam and current issues in development : essays in honour of Dr. Lateefah Durosinmi|last1=Abbas|first1=Wole|last2=Mohammed|first2=Jade|date=2009|publisher=Obafemi Awolowo University Press|isbn=9781361697}}</ref>
Kitaaluma, Lateefah Moyosore-Oluwa Adunni Durosinmi alihudhuria University of Ibadan, ambapo alipata Shahada ya Kwanza ya Kemia (Hons) mwaka [[1979]]. Aliendelea na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika Kemia ya Uchambuzi, akihitimu mwaka [[1986]].
Baadaye, alisoma Shahada ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Kemia Isiyo ya Kikaboni katika Obafemi Awolowo University, Ilé-Ifẹ̀, akihitimu mwaka [[1992]]. Utafiti wake wa kitaaluma ulijikita katika asidi amino, eneo muhimu katika kemia ya viumbe na biokemia.<ref name="Career">{{cite web|title=Durosinmi, Lateefat – Chemistry Department|url=http://chm.oauife.edu.ng/program/durosinmi-page/|website=Obafemi Awolowo University|accessdate=3 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008090035/http://chm.oauife.edu.ng/program/durosinmi-page/|archive-date=8 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Kazi ==
Lateefah Moyosore-Oluwa Adunni Durosinmi alianza kazi yake ya kitaaluma katika Lagos State Water Corporation, ambapo alihusishwa na shughuli za kisayansi na kiufundi zinazohusiana na usimamizi wa maji. Baadaye, alihamia katika sekta ya elimu na kufundisha kemia katika Shule ya Saint Anne huko Ibadan.
Mnamo [[1989]], alijiunga na Obafemi Awolowo University katika Idara ya Kemia, ambapo hadi sasa ni Profesa wa Kemia Isiyo ya Kikaboni. Katika nafasi yake ya kitaaluma, amechangia katika ufundishaji, utafiti, na ushauri wa kitaaluma kwa wanafunzi wa sayansi.
Kati ya [[1994]] na [[1995]], Lateefah Moyosore-Oluwa Adunni Durosinmi alifanya utafiti wa baada ya udaktari katika Loughborough University nchini Uingereza, ambapo alipanua utaalamu wake katika kemia na utafiti wa kisayansi wa kiwango cha kimataifa.
Katika uongozi wa kitaifa, alihudumu kama Rais wa Shirikisho la Vyama vya Wanawake Waislamu nchini Nigeria (FOMWAN) kati ya [[2005]] na [[2009]], ambapo alichangia katika maendeleo ya wanawake na jamii kupitia programu za kijamii na elimu.
Kati ya [[2008]] na [[2016]], alihudumu pia kama Kaimu Mkuu wa Wanafunzi katika Obafemi Awolowo University, nafasi iliyompa jukumu la usimamizi wa masuala ya wanafunzi na ustawi wa kitaaluma. Kwa mchango wake wa kitaaluma na kijamii, mihadhara na insha kadhaa zimeandikwa kwa heshima yake.<ref name="Worldcat">{{cite web|title=Durosinmi, Lateefah 1957-|url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2010121487/|website=Worldcat|accessdate=3 May 2020}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu-mwanasayansi}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Nigeria]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]]
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Eric Lefkofsky
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[[Picha:EricLefkofsky2017.jpg|thumb|Eric Lefkofsky]]
'''Eric Paul Lefkofsky''' (alizaliwa [[Septemba 2]], [[1969]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://umain30.com/2013/08/26/wild-crazy-self-made-billionaires-infographic-entrepreneurs/ |title= Wild and Crazy Self Made Billionaires with Infographic of Entrepreneurs |website= umain30.com |date= August 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827133218/http://umain30.com/2013/08/26/wild-crazy-self-made-billionaires-infographic-entrepreneurs/ |archive-date= August 27, 2013}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Tempus AI'', na mwanzilishi mwenza wa ''Groupon'', ''Echo Global Logistics (ECHO)'', ''InnerWorkings (INWK)'', na ''Mediaocean''. Kufikia Juni [[2024]], alikuwa ni meneja mwenza mkuu wa kampuni ya uwekezaji ya [[Chicago]] ''Lightbank''. Kufikia Septemba [[2025]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 6.<ref name=JournalStar>{{cite web|url=https://www.pjstar.com/story/business/finance/2025/09/10/forbes-400-who-are-the-richest-people-in-illinois-who-are-richest-americans-net-worth/86055674007/ | work=JournalStar | title=Forbes 400 ranks richest people in America. See which Illinois billionaires made the list | date=10 September 2025}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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László Kubala
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'''László Kubala''' ([[10 Juni]] [[1927]] – [[17 Mei]] [[2002]]) alikuwa [[mwanasoka]]. Alicheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] wa Ferencvárosi TC, ŠK Slovan Bratislava, FC Barcelona, na RCD Espanyol, miongoni mwa vilabu vingine. Akichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji bora katika historia, Kubala anachukuliwa kuwa shujaa wa [[Barcelona]]. Alikuwa na uraia wa [[Hungaria]], [[Chekoslovakia]] na [[Uhispania]] na alichezea timu za kitaifa za nchi zote tatu.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/12/02/barcelona-greatest-ever-xi/laszlo-kubala/|title = Barcelona: The greatest ever XI|newspaper = The Telegraph|date = 2 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url = https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/laszlo-kubala-not-lionel-messi-barcelona-greatest-all-time|title = Why Laszlo Kubala, and not Lionel Messi, is the greatest Barcelona player of all time|date = 16 September 2014|access-date = 11 May 2017|archive-date = 19 December 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161219040350/http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/laszlo-kubala-not-lionel-messi-barcelona-greatest-all-time|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://thesefootballtimes.co/2017/02/02/the-great-refugee-how-laszlo-kubala-became-a-barcelona-legend/|title=The great refugee: How László Kubala became a Barcelona legend|date=2 February 2017|access-date=11 May 2017|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027201813/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2017/02/02/the-great-refugee-how-laszlo-kubala-became-a-barcelona-legend/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Kubala alijulikana kwa Mpira wa Kuchezesha#Chama cha Soka, umaliziaji wake uliopangwa vizuri na wenye nguvu, na usahihi kutoka mipira ya adhabu ya moja kwa moja. Wakati wa miaka ya 1950, alikuwa mwanachama anayeongoza wa timu ya Barcelona iliyofanikiwa, akifunga mabao 280 katika mechi 345 (ikiwa ni pamoja na mabao yasiyo rasmi). Wakati wa sherehe za miaka mia moja za klabu hiyo mwaka wa 1999, kura ya maoni ya mashabiki ilimtangaza Kubala kuwa mchezaji bora zaidi kuwahi kuichezea klabu hiyo ya Uhispania. Baada ya kustaafu kama mchezaji, alikuwa na vipindi viwili kama kocha wa Barcelona na pia alifundisha timu ya taifa ya soka ya Uhispaniana na timu ya taifa ya Uhispania ya chini ya miaka 21.
==Marejeo==
<references />
{{mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
{{BD|1927|2002}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hungaria]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Chekoslovakia]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]]
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Jamii:Walimu wa Uingereza
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[[Jamii:watu wa Uingereza|E]]
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Trisagio
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[[File:Angelsatmamre-trinity-rublev-1410.jpg|thumb|[[Utatu]] mtakatifu ulivyochorwa [[fumbo|kifumbo]] na [[Andrei Rublev]], [[1400]] hivi.]]
[[File:Damian._The_Ancient_of_Days.jpg|thumb|[[Picha takatifu]] ya Mzee wa siku, [[Georgia]], [[1350]].]]
'''Trisagio''' (kutoka [[Kigiriki]]: ''Τρισάγιον, Trisagion'', yaani "[[Mtakatifu]] mara tatu"<ref>Taz [[Kitabu cha Isaya|Is]] 6:3</ref>) ni [[wimbo]] wa kale sana<ref name="GoetheUni_12Dec2024">{{Citation|url=https://aktuelles.uni-frankfurt.de/en/english/frankfurt-silver-inscription-oldest-christian-testimony-found-north-of-the-alps/ |title="Frankfurt silver inscription" – Oldest Christian testimony found north of the Alps|publisher=[[Goethe University Frankfurt]]|language=en|date=12 December 2024|access-date=13 December 2024|quote=The evaluation of the significance of the find by experts for early Christianity and theologians is only just beginning. Some of the formulations contained in the text were not attested until many decades later. For example, at the beginning of the „Frankfurt Silver Inscription“ there is a reference to St. Titus, a disciple and confidant of the Apostle Paul. Just like the invocation „Holy, holy, holy!“, which was not actually known in the Christian liturgy until the 4th century AD. (Trishagion).}}</ref> tena maarufu wa [[liturujia ya Kimungu]] na [[ibada]] nyingine za [[Ukristo wa Mashariki]], lakini unatumika pia katika [[Kanisa la Kilatini]], hasa katika kuabudu [[Msalaba wa Yesu]] siku ya [[Ijumaa Kuu]].
[[Matini]] kwa Kigiriki ni: Ἅγιος ὁ Θεός, Ἅγιος ἰσχυρός, Ἅγιος ἀθάνατος, ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς.
Hágios ho Theós, Hágios iskhūrós, Hágios āthánatos, eléēson hēmâs.
Kwa [[Kilatini]] ni: Sanctus Deus, Sanctus Fortis, Sanctus Immortalis, miserere nobis <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01211b.htm
|title=Agios o Theos
|publisher=The Catholic Encyclopedia
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.preces-latinae.org/thesaurus/Trinitas/Trisagion.html|title=Trisagium Angelicum
|publisher=Thesaurus of Latin Prayers
}}</ref>.
[[Tafsiri]] ya [[Kiswahili]] ni:
Mungu Mtakatifu, Mtakatifu mwenye nguvu, Mtakatifu usiyeweza kufa, utuhurumie.
==Marejeo==
{{marejeo}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.legionofmarytidewater.com/prayers/tri.htm|title=Trisagion Prayer – Legion of Mary}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.smallchurchmusic4.com/Score_PDF-2010/HolyGod-Trisagion-Russian.pdf|title=The Eucharistic Holy God (music score)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417110453/http://www.smallchurchmusic4.com/Score_PDF-2010/HolyGod-Trisagion-Russian.pdf|archive-date=17 April 2015}}
{{mbegu-Ukristo}}
[[Jamii:liturujia]]
[[Jamii:muziki wa Kikristo]]
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Jamii:Washindi wa Tuzo za Academy
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[[Jamii:tuzo za Academy]]
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Norma Elia Cantú
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'''Norma Elia Cantú''' (amezaliwa 3 Januari 1947) ni mwandishi wa Kichicana wa mkondo wa baada ya usasa (postmodernist), na ni Profesa wa Murchison katika Masomo ya Binadamu katika [[Trinity University (Texas)|Chuo Kikuu cha Trinity]] kilichopo [[San Antonio]], Texas.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2017/018486/la-frontera-la-universidad|title=From](https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2017/018486/la-frontera-la-universidad|title=From) La Frontera to La Universidad|date=October 27, 2017|work=UCSB}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
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{{Mbegu-mwandishi}}
{{BD|1947|}}
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]]
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Gladys Noel Bates
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'''Gladys Noel Bates''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Gladys Winnie Noel'''; 26 Machi 1920 – 15 Oktoba 2010) alikuwa mwanaharakati wa haki za kiraia na mwalimu wa [[Marekani]].<ref name="Brown-2002">{{Rejea habari |last=Brown |first=Timothy R. |date=April 28, 2002 |title=Black mayors honor pioneer activist |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-huntsville-times-black-mayors-honor/180712741/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |work=[[The Huntsville Times]] |pages=11 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Mwaka 1948, alifungua kesi mahakamani, ''Gladys Noel Bates dhidi ya Jimbo la Mississippi'', akidai ubaguzi wa mishahara dhidi ya walimu na wakuu wa shule weusi.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=June 26, 1948 |title=Testimonial dinner honors Mrs. Gladys Noel Bates |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/jackson-advocate-testimonial-dinner-hono/174761298/ |access-date=2025-06-18 |work=Jackson Advocate |pages=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Ingawa kesi hiyo haikufanikiwa hatimaye, ilileta uangalizi mkubwa kuhusu suala la usawa wa mishahara katika elimu na kuchochea juhudi za kusawazisha mishahara.
== Maisha binafsi ==
Bates alizaliwa kwa jina la Gladys Winnie Noel tarehe 26 Machi 1920 katika McComb, Mississippi.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/yLROAAAAMAAJ |title=Who's Who Among Black Americans |date=1976 |publisher=Who's Who Among Black Americans, Incorporated, Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-915130-05-4 |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mtoto wa Andrew Jackson Noel Sr. (1883–1960) na Susie Hallie Davis Noel (1893–1985).<ref> Bates alikulia na kusoma katika [[Jackson, Mississippi]].<ref>
== Marejeo ==
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{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1920|2010}}
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]]
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Adelaide Cabete
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'''Adelaide Cabete''' (25 Januari 1867, [[Elvas]] – 14 Septemba 1935) alikuwa mmoja wa wanaharakati wakuu wa ufeministi nchini [[Ureno]] katika karne ya 20. Alikuwa mfuasi thabiti wa mfumo wa jamhuri na pia alikuwa daktari wa uzazi (obstetrisheni), daktari wa magonjwa ya wanawake (ginekolojia), mwalimu, mwanachama wa [[Umasuni|Umasuni]], mwandishi, mfadhili, mpigania amani, mpinga utumwa, mtetezi wa haki za wanyama na mfuasi wa ubinadamu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.infopedia.pt/$adelaide-cabete|title=Adelaide](https://www.infopedia.pt/$adelaide-cabete|title=Adelaide) Cabete|publisher=Infopédia|access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
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[[Jamii:Madaktari]]
[[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Ureno]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ureno]]
[[Jamii:Wanafeministi]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ureno]]
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Djaili Amadou Amal
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'''Djaili Amadou Amal''' ni mwandishi na mwanaharakati wa ufeministi kutoka [[Kamerun]].
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwandishi}}
[[Jamii:Wanafeministi]]
[[Jamii:waandishi wa Kamerun]]
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Ajomuzu Collette Bekaku
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'''Ajomuzu Collette Bekaku''' (amezaliwa 23 Septemba 1975) ni mwanaharakati wa [[haki za binadamu]], afisa mkuu mtendaji (CEO) na mwanzilishi wa [[Cameroon]] Association for the Protection and Education of the Child (CAPEC), shirika linalosimamia miradi mbalimbali ya kijamii ikiwemo shule za [[shule ya msingi|msingi]] na [[shule ya sekondari]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111997356|title=Ajomuzu](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111997356|title=Ajomuzu) Collette Bekaku|publisher=Wikidata|access-date=2026-05-06}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1975|}}
[[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kamerun]]
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Édouard Niankoye Lamah
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'''Édouard''' '''Niankoye''' '''Lamah''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1945 au 1946 – alifariki tarehe 18 Machi 2025) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] mwandamizi nchini [[Guinea]], aliyeshika nyadhifa nyeti katika utawala wa Rais Alpha Condé.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Director General of the West African Health Organization (WAHO) On A Working Visit in Guinea {{!}} West African Health Organization|url=https://www.wahooas.org/web-ooas/en/actualites/director-general-west-african-health-organization-waho-working-visit-guinea|work=www.wahooas.org|accessdate=2026-05-07|archive-date=2025-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322192052/https://www.wahooas.org/web-ooas/en/actualites/director-general-west-african-health-organization-waho-working-visit-guinea|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Page noire : l’ex-ministre de la Santé Édouard Niankoye Lamah est décédé|url=https://www.guinee360.com/18/03/2025/page-noire-lex-ministre-de-la-sante-edouard-niankoye-lamah-est-decede/|work=Guinee360 - Actualité en Guinée, Politique, Économie, Sport|date=2025-03-18|accessdate=2026-05-07|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]]
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Guinea]]
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Éric Mouloungui
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'''Éric Mouloungui''' (alizaliwa 1 Aprili 1984) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka wa [[Gabon]] aliyekuwa akicheza kama winga, na alitumia muda mwingi wa maisha yake ya soka nchini Ufaransa huku akiichezea timu ya taifa ya Gabon.
== Kazi ya klabu ==
Alizaliwa Port-Gentil, Gabon, na alianza soka lake akiwa na AS Mangasport. Baadaye alihamia [[Ufaransa]] mwaka 2002 na kujiunga na klabu ya US Vauban Strasbourg.
Baadaye alisaini na RC Strasbourg Alsace, ambapo alicheza ligi ya juu ya Ufaransa. Msimu wa kwanza wa 2005–06 alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya FC Gueugnon.
Msimu wa 2006–07 alifunga mabao 11 katika [[mechi]] 30, akisaidia Strasbourg kurejea Ligue 1. Mwaka 2008 alijiunga na klabu ya OGC Nice.
Mnamo 2014, alihamia China na kujiunga na Shenyang Zhongze FC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2012 Africa Cup of Nations matches|url=https://africanfootball.com/tournament-matches/25/2012-Africa-Cup-of-Nations/|work=African Football|accessdate=2026-05-07|archive-date=2022-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126114426/https://africanfootball.com/tournament-matches/25/2012-Africa-Cup-of-Nations/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Kazi ya kimataifa ==
Aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Gabon katika ngazi ya kimataifa kwa nafasi ya winga.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Gabon]]
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Kelley Robinson
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'''Kelley J. Robinson''' (alizaliwa takriban mwaka 1986/1987) ni mratibu wa jamii [[Marekani|Mmarekani]] na kwa sasa ni rais wa Human Rights Campaign.<ref name="nydn-22sep2022">{{cite news |last1=Assunção |first1=Muri |title=Who is Kelley Robinson, incoming president of the Human Rights Campaign? |url=[https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-kelley-robinson-human-rights-campaign-president-full-equality-everyone-hrc-20220922-d3kont67vjcqtmxlhfh3khzdkm-story.html](https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-kelley-robinson-human-rights-campaign-president-full-equality-everyone-hrc-20220922-d3kont67vjcqtmxlhfh3khzdkm-story.html) |access-date=November 30, 2022 |work=[[New York Daily News]] |date=September 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Human Rights Campaign, largest U.S. LGBTQ advocacy group, names new president |url=[https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/human-rights-campaign-largest-us-lgbtq-advocacy-group-names-new-presid-rcna48597](https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-news/human-rights-campaign-largest-us-lgbtq-advocacy-group-names-new-presid-rcna48597) |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=NBC News |date=21 September 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
Kabla ya nafasi hiyo, aliwahi kuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Planned Parenthood Action Fund.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1986|}}
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]]
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Ibrahim Ghoneim
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'''Ibrahim Ahmed Ghoneim Deif''' (alizaliwa 29 Oktoba 1962) ni mwanataaluma kutoka [[Misri]] na aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Elimu katika Baraza la Mawaziri la [[Qandil Cabinet|Qandil]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Kortam |first=Hend |date=2012-09-22 |title=Protest in solidarity with released student |url=[https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2012/09/22/protest-in-solidarity-with-released-student/](https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2012/09/22/protest-in-solidarity-with-released-student/) |website=Daily News Egypt |language=en-US |access-date=2025-02-14}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1962|}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Misri]]
dr9za88assn91a2q6y6crebbf6dk080
Louisa Margaret Dunkley
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{{Infobox person|name=Louisa Margaret Dunkley|uraia=Australia|kazi yake=Telegraphisti na Mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=28 Mei 1866|tarehe ya kufa=10 Machi 1927}}
'''Louisa Margaret Dunkley''' (28 Mei 1866 – 10 Machi 1927) alikuwa mwandishi wa telegrafia na mratibu wa kazi wa Australia ambaye alifanikiwa kufanya kampeni ya haki ya wanawake kupata malipo sawa kwa kazi sawa katika utumishi wa umma wa Jumuiya ya Madola ya nchini Australia.
==Maisha ya awali na elimu==
Louisa Margaret Dunkley alizaliwa Richmond, Melbourne, Australia. Alikuwa binti William James Dunkley, muagizaji wa mabuti, na Mary Ann Regan, wote kutoka London, Uingereza. Alisoma katika shule za wasichana za Kikatoliki.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|last=Baker|first=J. S.|title=Louisa Margaret Dunkley (1866–1927)|url=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/dunkley-louisa-margaret-6047|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|language=en|access-date=2026-05-10}}</ref>
==Kazi==
Dunkley alianza kufanya kazi katika Idara ya Postmaster-General mnamo 1882. Alisomea telegrafia, akafaulu Mtihani wa Utumishi wa Umma mnamo tarehe 11 Juni 1887<ref>http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article207772154</ref> na akaendelea kuwa mwendeshaji mnamo 1888, akifanya kazi katika ofisi za posta na telegrafu za jiji la Melbourne. Mnamo 1890 alihitimu kama mpiga picha wa telegrafia na akapandishwa cheo hadi nafasi katika Ofisi Kuu ya Telegrafia. Alipokuwa akifanya kazi kama mpiga picha wa telegrafia mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1890, aligundua kuhusu malipo yasiyo sawa na hali ya kazi ya waendeshaji wanawake. Kujifunza kuhusu juhudi za wanawake wanaopiga simu huko New South Wales ili kufikia usawa katika malipo na hadhi, Aliunda kamati ya kutetea maboresho kama hayo katika Idara ya Posta na Telegramu ya Victoria. Ingawa juhudi zake zilisababisha ongezeko la mishahara kwa waendeshaji wanawake, hazikufikia usawa na waendeshaji wanaume na utata uliotokana ulisababisha kuhamishiwa kwenye ofisi ya posta ya mbali.
Mnamo 1900, Dunkley na waendeshaji wengine walianzisha Chama cha Posta na Telegraph cha Wanawake cha Victoria ili kutetea usawa wa malipo na mazingira ya kazi. Bi. Webb, mhudumu wa posta, alichaguliwa kuwa rais, na Dunkley alichaguliwa kuwa makamu wa rais na msemaji (1900–1904). Alichaguliwa kama mjumbe wa mkutano wa waandishi wa habari za simu huko Sydney mnamo Oktoba 1900, na hapo aliwasilisha hoja yake ya usawa chini ya masharti mapya ya Utumishi wa Umma wa Jumuiya ya Madola.
Ingawa baadhi ya watu kwenye mkutano walimpinga, aliweza kupata uungwaji mkono wa Bunge na, kwa sababu hiyo, kifungu cha malipo sawa kwa wanawake wanaopiga simu na wahudumu wa posta kilijumuishwa katika Sheria ya Utumishi wa Umma ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 1902. Chama cha Wanawake cha Posta na Telegraph cha Victoria kiliendelea kuwepo ndani ya Chama cha Jumuiya ya Madola cha Australia na Chama cha Telegraph, kwanza kama chama cha serikali na kisha tawi la serikali la chombo cha shirikisho, hadi 1920.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Victorian Women's Post and Telegraph Association|url=https://www.womenaustralia.info/entries/victorian-womens-post-and-telegraph-association/|work=AWR|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en-AU}}</ref>
==Maisha binafsi na Utambuzi==
Tarehe 23 Desemba 1903, Dunkley alifunga ndoa na Edward Charles Kraegen, huko Oakleigh, Victoria,<ref>http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article82410361</ref> katibu wa vyama vya New South Wales na Commonwealth Post and Telegraph (1885–1904), na akaacha huduma ya Posta na Telegraph. Edward Kraegen alikuwa mwana wa Carl Wilhelm Kraegen, ambaye pia alifanya kazi katika huduma ya posta na telegrafu, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuhudumu kama mkuu wa kituo cha kwanza katika Kituo cha Kurudia cha Overland Telegraph Line huko Peake, huko Australia Kusini. Wanandoa hao walikuwa na binti aliyezaliwa mwaka wa 1904, na mwana wa kiume aliyezaliwa mwaka wa 1906.
Louisa Margaret Dunkley Kraegen alifariki kutokana na saratani ambayo haikutambuliwa, mnamo tarehe 10 Machi 1927 huko Longueville, Sydney akazikwa katika Makaburi ya Vitongoji vya Kaskazini.<ref name=":0" /> Wapiga kura wa shirikisho la Victoria wa Dunkley wamepewa jina lake kama ilivyo Dunkley Place katika kitongoji cha Canberra cha Spence.<ref>http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article127217286</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Profile of the electoral division of Dunkley (Vic)|url=https://www.aec.gov.au/profiles/vic/dunkley.htm|work=Australian Electoral Commission|accessdate=2026-05-10|language=en-AU|author=Canberra ACT 2600; contact=13 23 26 corporateName=Australian Electoral Commission; address=10 Mort Street}}</ref><ref>http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article237708927</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}
{{BD|1986|1927}}
[[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Australia]]
l22py6p2qjwxu2l1wbdky1gr0b0ugm5
Marie-Laurence Josselyn Lassègue
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'''Marie-Laurence Josselyn Lassègue''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1955) ni mwandishi wa habari, mtetezi wa [[ufeministi]] na mwanasiasa kutoka [[Haiti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6762708|title=Marie-Laurence](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6762708|title=Marie-Laurence) Josselyn Lassègue|website=Wikidata|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-1513-haiti-politics-marie-laurence-lassegue-installs-the-new-secretary-of-state-for-literacy.html|title=Marie-Laurence](https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-1513-haiti-politics-marie-laurence-lassegue-installs-the-new-secretary-of-state-for-literacy.html|title=Marie-Laurence) Lassègue installs the new Secretary of State for Literacy|website=Haiti Libre|access-date=11 Mei 2026}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1955|}}
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa habari]]
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Haiti]]
sxkd4d33rsfh6aphkruel5neaxjkqul
Silvia Benedetti
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'''Silvia Benedetti''' (alizaliwa 24 Oktoba 1979) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika [[Bunge la Italia]] wakati wa [[Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2013]], na alifanya kazi bungeni hadi tarehe 22 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camera.it/leg17/29?shadow_deputato=305602&idpersona=305602&idlegislatura=17|title=BENEDETTI Silvia - MIX|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]]|language=it}}</ref>
== Wasifu ==
Alichaguliwa kupitia chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S) katika jimbo la Veneto 1, lakini mnamo mwaka 2018 aliondoka kwenye chama hicho na kumalizia awamu yake kama mbunge asiye na chama (mista).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://parlamento17.openpolis.it/persone/silvia-benedetti/305602|title=Silvia Benedetti|publisher=[[:it:Openpolis|Openpolis]]|language=it}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alijulikana sana kwa mchango wake katika Kamati ya Kilimo ya bunge.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1979||Benedetti, Silvia}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]]
em76fafwpn3aqo3btn7f5o1vigpkxyc
Rosalba Cimino
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233975
1574820
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'''Rosalba Cimino''' (alizaliwa [[Agrigento]], [[Sicily]], 1 Machi 1990) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=XVIII Legislatura - Deputati e Organi - Scheda deputato - CIMINO Rosalba |url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?shadow_deputato=307398&idLegislatura=18 |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=www.camera.it |language=it}}</ref>
== Wasifu ==
Cimino alikulia katika mji wa [[Grotte]]. Kitaaluma ana shahada ya fasihi na amekuwa mwalimu.
Aliingia kwenye siasa kupitia harakati za Five Star Movement na kuchaguliwa kuwa mbunge katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 akiwa na umri wa miaka 28 pekee. Akiwa bungeni, alihudumu kama mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kilimo na Kamati ya Utamaduni, Sayansi na Elimu. Katika kipindi chake cha uongozi, alijikita zaidi katika kutetea maslahi ya vijana, ulinzi wa mazingira, na kukuza sekta ya kilimo katika mkoa wa Sicily. Pia alikuwa sauti muhimu katika mijadala inayohusu uboreshaji wa miundombinu ya shule na haki za walimu nchini Italia.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1990||Cimino, Rosalba}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]]
njh2d6ilirjafq9uic40hb6po4o511m
Anna Maria Fallucchi
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'''Anna Maria Fallucchi''' (alizaliwa 19 Mei 1968) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Seneti la Italia tangu mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senato.it/composizione/senatori/elenco-alfabetico/scheda-attivita?tab=datiAnag&did=36398|title=Anna Maria Fallucchi|publisher=[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Senate of the Republic]]|language=it}}</ref>
== Wasifu ==
Fallucchi alizaliwa mjini [[San Nicandro Garganico]], katika mkoa wa [[Foggia]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alijulikana kama mjasiriamali katika sekta ya kilimo na utalii. Yeye ni mpwa wa aliyekuwa mwanasiasa maarufu Severino Fallucchi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foggiatoday.it/politica/elezioni-politiche-2022/candidati-eletti-camera-senato-provincia-foggia.html|title=Sei foggiani pronti a rappresentare la Capitanata a Roma. In trepidante attesa Piemontese e Lovecchio|work=[[Citynews (Italy)|FoggiaToday]]|date=26 September 2022|language=it}}</ref>
Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha [[Fratelli d'Italia]] (Brothers of Italy). Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2022 akiwakilisha jimbo la Puglia. Katika kipindi chake bungeni, amekuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Kilimo na Uzalishaji wa Chakula, ambapo anatumia uzoefu wake wa kijasiriamali kutetea maslahi ya sekta ya msingi nchini Italia.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1968||Fallucchi, Anna Maria}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]]
3a447yzd9qje5sq1ve30mnmaafouxrj
Ilaria Fontana
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'''Ilaria Fontana''' (alizaliwa 26 Juni 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] wa chama cha [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S). Yeye ni mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Italia na alifanya kazi kama Naibu Waziri (Undersecretary of State) katika Wizara ya Mpito wa Ikolojia (Italia)|Wizara ya Mpito wa Ikolojia chini ya serikali ya [[Mario Draghi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Governo Draghi, la ciociara Ilaria Fontana diventa sottosegretario alla Transizione Ecologica|url=https://www.frosinonetoday.it/politica/frosinone-ilaria-fontana-sottosegretario-transizione-ecologica.html|access-date=2022-01-20|website=FrosinoneToday|language=it}}</ref>
== Wasifu ==
Fontana alizaliwa mjini [[Alatri]], katika mkoa wa [[Frosinone]]. Alihitimu shahada ya kemia ya mazingira katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sapienza jijini Roma. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya mazingira na usalama mahali pa kazi.
== Kazi ya kisiasa ==
Alichaguliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kuwa mbunge katika Uchaguzi mkuu wa Italia wa 2018 akiwakilisha jimbo la Lazio. Katika kipindi chake cha kwanza bungeni, alihudumu kama Rais wa Kamati ya Mazingira, Ardhi, na Kazi za Umma.
Mnamo tarehe 24 Februari 2021, aliteuliwa na Waziri Mkuu Mario Draghi kuwa Naibu Waziri katika Wizara ya Mpito wa Ikolojia (iliyojulikana zamani kama Wizara ya Mazingira).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mite.gov.it/pagina/ilaria-fontana|title=Sottosegretario Ilaria Fontana|publisher=Ministero della Transizione Ecologica|language=it|access-date=2026-05-13}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Katika nafasi hii, alisimamia miradi inayohusiana na uchumi wa mzunguko (circular economy) na ulinzi wa bioanuwai.
Mnamo mwaka 2022, alichaguliwa tena katika Baraza la Wawakilishi kuendelea kuwakilisha Five Star Movement. Fontana anajulikana kwa msimamo wake thabiti katika kupigania nishati mbadala na kupunguza matumizi ya plastiki nchini Italia.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1984||Fontana, Ilaria}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]]
5tnu5e8w53whphcfqbxd0d6rjkj582v
Elsa Fornero
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'''Elsa Maria Fornero''' (alizaliwa 7 Mei 1948)<ref>{{cite web|title=Elsa Maria Fornero |url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Fornero_Elsa_Maria |website=ae-info.org |access-date=2026-02-26}}</ref> ni mwanauchumi, mhadhiri wa chuo kikuu, na mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi kama Waziri wa Kazi na Sera za Jamii katika baraza la mawaziri la [[Mario Monti]] kuanzia Novemba 2011 hadi Aprili 2013.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elsa Fornero "Arrivai a Torino su una Vespa Guidava papà" |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2018/03/24/elsa-fornero-arrivai-a-torino-su-una-vespa-guidava-papaTorino10.html |website=repubblica.it |date=24 March 2018 |accessdate=2020-02-03 |language=it}}</ref>
== Wasifu ==
Fornero alizaliwa mjini [[San Carlo Canavese]], mkoani [[Piedmont]]. Kabla ya kuingia kwenye siasa, alikuwa profesa wa uchumi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Turin, akibobea katika masuala ya mifumo ya pensheni, akiba, na uchumi wa kaya.
== Kazi ya kisiasa na Mageuzi ya Fornero ==
Mnamo mwaka 2011, wakati wa mgogoro wa madeni wa kanda ya Euro, aliteuliwa na Waziri Mkuu Mario Monti kujiunga na serikali ya mpito ya kitaalamu (technocratic government).
Anajulikana zaidi kwa "Mageuzi ya Fornero" (Riforma Fornero) ya mfumo wa pensheni nchini Italia. Mageuzi haya yalikuwa na lengo la kuokoa uchumi wa nchi hiyo kwa:
* Kuongeza umri wa kustaafu kwa wafanyakazi.
* Kubadilisha mfumo wa ukokotoaji wa pensheni kulingana na michango (contributory system) badala ya mshahara wa mwisho (salary-based).
* Kuanzisha vigezo vikali vya kustaafu mapema.
Ingawa mageuzi haya yalisifiwa na mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] kwa kuleta utulivu wa kifedha, yalikosolewa vikali nchini Italia, hususan kutokana na suala la ''esodati''—wafanyakazi walioacha kazi kwa makubaliano lakini wakajikuta hawana sifa za pensheni kutokana na sheria mpya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16035031|title=Italy's Elsa Fornero cries at austerity measures|work=BBC News|date=5 December 2011|language=en}}</ref>
Baada ya kustaafu siasa, amerejea kwenye taaluma na amekuwa akishiriki kama mchambuzi wa masuala ya uchumi katika vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1948||Fornero, Elsa Maria}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]]
[[Jamii:Wanauchumi wa Italia]]
puaz7o72iptwuzezvws49f8t4qul9al
William Wang
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'''William Wang''' (Alizaliwa [[Juni 6]], [[1958]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Taiwan]]. Yeye ni mwanzilishi na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Vizio(kampuni), kampuni ya vifaa vya elektroniki vya watumiaji inayojulikana kwa televisheni zake za gharama nafuu. Alianzisha Vizio mwaka [[2002]] baada ya kufanya kazi katika kampuni kama Magnavox na Zenith<ref>[http://alumni.usc.edu/events/awards/wang.html USC] {{Wayback|url=http://alumni.usc.edu/events/awards/wang.html |date=20160526034139 }}, USC Class of 86'</ref><ref name="HOW">{{cite web|last=Wang|first=William|title=How I Did It: William Wang, CEO, Vizio|date=June 1, 2007|url=http://www.inc.com/magazine/20070601/hidi-wang.html|work=Inc.}}</ref>.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
6uwmrz380xxef97jhgys84yywmb0squ
Anne Avantie
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Henri Aja
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'''Sianne Avantie''' (alizaliwa 20 Mei 1964),<ref>{{cite book|url={{Google books|E5T3EAAAQBAJ|page=204|plainurl=yes}}|title=Creative Top Secret, Ramuan Sukses Bisnis Kreatif Sepanjang Masa|year=2024|author1=Cita Yustisia Serfiayani|author2=R. Serianto D. Purnomo|author3=Iswi Hariyani|publisher=Penerbit Andi|page=204|isbn=9789792999365|language=id}}</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Anne Avantie''', ni mbunifu wa mavazi kutoka [[Indonesia]] na mmoja wa waanzilishi wa mtindo wa kisasa wa kebaya.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 Juni 2011|url=[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/08/anne-avantie-contemporary-kebaya-pioneer.html|title=Anne](http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/06/08/anne-avantie-contemporary-kebaya-pioneer.html|title=Anne) Avantie, Contemporary Kebaya Pioneer|website=[[The Jakarta Post]]|access-date=22 Mei 2024}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
rrhxtvimcfe19hv90ov69w9uppfvyy3
Mara Mareș
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'''Mara Mareș''' (alizaliwa 5 Juni 1992) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]] kupitia National Liberal Party (Romania)|Chama cha Kitaifa cha Kiliberali (PNL). Amekuwa mbunge katika Chamber of Deputies (Romania)|Baraza la Manaibu tangu mwaka 2023, baada ya alifanya kazi hapo awali kati ya mwaka 2016 na 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.ro/politic-intern/mara-mares-a-ajuns-din-nou-deputata-dupa-ce-pavel-popescu-a-plecat-la-ancom-64045|title=Mara Mareș a ajuns din nou deputată|work=[[Euractiv]]|date=18 Oktoba 2023|language=ro}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1992||Mares, Mara}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]]
9r2f0sdtrpn01r8wdrehrs2a0lhrvyb
Renate Weber
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'''Renate Weber''' (alizaliwa 3 Agosti 1955) ni mwanasheria, mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu, na mwanasiasa wa [[Romania]]. Alifanya kazi kama mbunge katika [[Bunge la Ulaya]] (MEP) kwa vipindi kadhaa na amekuwa mwanamke wa kwanza wa Romania kuteuliwa kuwa Mkuu wa Misheni ya Umoja wa Ulaya ya Utazamaji wa Uchaguzi.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/39713/RENATE_WEBER/history/8 Wasifu katika Bunge la Ulaya]
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1955||Weber, Renate}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Romania]]
[[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Romania]]
pnv7xss0kpbbrxrngr8avo985sdk6yq
Symmy Larrat
0
235431
1574769
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'''Symmy Larrat Brito de Carvalho''' (alizaliwa 25 Februari 1978) ni mwandishi wa habari na mwanaharakati wa [[Brazil]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2023, anafanya kazi kama Katibu wa Taifa wa Kukuza na Kulinda Haki za Watu wa LGBTQIA+, idara iliyo chini ya Wizara ya Haki za Binadamu na Uraia nchini Brazil.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [https://www.gov.br/mdh/pt-br Tovuti Rasmi ya Wizara ya Haki za Binadamu na Uraia ya Brazil]
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1978||Larrat, Symmy}}
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]]
[[Jamii:Watu wa Brazil]]
cptcw3xhd3m0rn8dbzhvyfkcvhe1gue
Rosanna Davison
0
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'''Rosanna Diane Davison''' (alizaliwa [[Aprili 17]], [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Eire]] aliyetwaa taji la [[Miss World]] mwaka [[2003]]. Yeye ni binti wa mwanamuziki [[Chris de Burgh]], na wimbo "For Rosanna" uliandikwa na baba yake kwa ajili ya albamu yake ya nane, ''Into the Light'' ([[1986]]) kwa heshima yake. Davison ni mtaalamu wa lishe aliyehitimu na amekuwa akitangaza faida za kiafya za lishe inayotokana na mimea.<ref name="Champions">[https://champions-speakers.co.uk/speaker-agent/rosanna-davison "Rosanna Davison"]. champions-speakers.co.uk. Retrieved 21 February 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.ie/life/health-wellbeing/why-rosanna-davison-is-the-queen-of-nutrition-30582690.html "Why Rosanna Davison is the Queen of Nutrition"]. independent.ie. Retrieved 21 February 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.rudehealthmagazine.ie/rosanna-davison "Celebrity Health: Rosanna Davison"]. rudehealthmagazine.ie. Retrieved 21 February 2023.</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Eire]]
[[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Eire]]
[[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Eire]]
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Fred Blackburn (mwanasoka)
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'''James Thomas Alfred Blackburn''' (anajulikana kama '''Fred Blackburn'''; 20 Julai 1878 – 13 Machi 1951) alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Uingereza]] ambaye alicheza katika Ligi ya mpira kwa Blackburn Rovers na katika Southern League kwa West Ham United.<ref name=theyflysohigh>{{Rejea tovuti | title = Syd King 1902 - 1932 | first = Steve | last = Marsh | website = theyflysohigh.co.uk | accessdate = 27 Aprili 2018 | url = [http://theyflysohigh.co.uk/autographs-syd-king-2/4560573086}}](http://theyflysohigh.co.uk/autographs-syd-king-2/4560573086}})</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
{{BD|1878|1951}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uingereza]]
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'''Loreny Mayara Caetano Roberto''' (alizaliwa 11 Julai 1991), anajulikana zaidi kisiasa kama '''Loreny''', ni mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa sera za umma na mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] kutoka chama cha [[Solidariedade]]. Kati ya mwezi Aprili na Julai 2024, alifanya kazi kama Mbunge wa Shirikisho (federal deputy) akiwakilisha jimbo la [[São Paulo (jimbo)|São Paulo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/171139/biografia|title=Loreny – Biografia|publisher=Chamber of Deputies|language=pt}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/171139 Wasifu rasmi katika Baraza la Manaibu la Brazil]
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1991||Loreny}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]]
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Giselle Monteiro (mwanasiasa)
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'''Giselle Louise Monteiro de Oliveira''' (anajulikana zaidi kama '''Giselle Monteiro'''; alizaliwa 13 Aprili 1984) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] kutoka [[Chama cha Kiliberali]] (PL). Anafanya kazi kama Mbunge wa Jimbo (state deputy) katika [[Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro|Bunge la Jimbo la Rio de Janeiro]] (ALERJ) tangu mwaka 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alerj.rj.gov.br/Deputados/PerfilDeputado/482|title=Deputado Giselle Monteiro|publisher=Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
* [https://www.alerj.rj.gov.br/ Tovuti Rasmi ya Bunge la Jimbo la Rio de Janeiro (ALERJ)]
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1984||Monteiro, Giselle}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]]
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Dirce Tutu Quadros
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'''Dirce Maria do Valle Quadros''' (anajulikana zaidi kama '''Dirce Tutu Quadros''' au '''Tutu Quadros'''; 28 Desemba 1943 — 28 Agosti 2014) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]]. Alikuwa mtoto pekee wa aliyekuwa Rais wa Brazil, [[Jânio Quadros]].
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/133095 Wasifu wa kihistoria katika Baraza la Manaibu la Brazil]
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1943|2014|Quadros, Dirce Tutu}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]]
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Patrícia Saboya
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'''Patrícia Lúcia Saboya Ferreira Gomes''' (jina la kuzaliwa ni '''Patrícia Lúcia Saboya Mendes''', anajulikana zaidi kama '''Patrícia Saboya'''; alizaliwa 10 Oktoba 1962) ni mwalimu, mwandishi, na mwanasiasa wa [[Brazil]] kutoka jimbo la [[Ceará]].
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/senador/-/perfil/3739 Wasifu wa kihistoria katika Seneti ya Kitaifa ya Brazil]
{{Mbegu-mwandishi}}
{{BD|1962||Saboya, Patricia}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Brazil]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Brazil]]
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Brigitte Fontaine
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'''Brigitte Fontaine''' (alizaliwa 24 Juni 1939) ni mwimbaji kutoka nchini Ufaransa anajulikana kwa muziki wa mtindo wa mbele (avant-garde).<ref>Gordons, Kim. "Music Avant-Garde—Brigitte Fontaine" ''Interview'' 1 October 2001</ref><ref>Price, Simon. "Only Connect: The spirit of Serge is alive and smoking" 29 October 2006, ''The Independent''.</ref> Amekuwa akitumia mitindo mingi ya muziki isiyo ya kawaida, akichanganya muziki wa roki, wa kiasili, jazi, kielektroniki, ushairi wa kutamka, na muziki wa tamaduni mbalimbali duniani. Ameshirikiana na wasanii na vikundi mashuhuri kama vile [[Stereolab]], [[Michel Colombier]], [[Jean-Claude Vannier]], [[Areski Belkacem]], [[Gotan Project]], [[Sonic Youth]], [[Antoine Duhamel]], [[Grace Jones]], [[Noir Désir]], [[Archie Shepp]], [[Arno (singer)|Arno]], na [[The Art Ensemble of Chicago]].
Mbali na muziki, yeye pia ni mwandishi wa riwaya, michezo ya kuigiza, mashairi, na mwigizaji wa filamu.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}}
{{BD|1939||Fontaine, Brigitte}}
[[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:Washairi wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ufaransa]]
[[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]]
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Vifo vya Januari 2026
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{{Deaths in month lead}}
==Januari 2026==
===1===
*[[Stuart Altman]], 88, Mchumi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hudsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/stuart-altman Stuart Harold Altman]</ref>
*[[Marat Amankulov]], 55, Mwanasiasa wa Kyrgyzstan, Mbunge wa [[Baraza Kuu (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]] (2015–2021).<ref>[https://akipress.com/news:871212:Former_Speaker_of_Bishkek_City_Council_Marat_Amankulov_passes_away/ Former Speaker of Bishkek City Council Marat Amankulov passes away]</ref>
*[[Yvan Aumont]], 87, Mhandisi na mwandishi wa habari wa Ufaransa (''[[Lys rouge]]'').<ref>[https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2026/01/03/communique-daction-francaise-un-camelot-du-roi-exemplaire/ Communiqué d'Action française – Un camelot du roi exemplaire] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Alan Baker (mchezaji mpira)|Alan Baker]], 81, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]).<ref>[https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/2026/01/04/walsall-confirm-death-of-former-saddlers-and-aston-villa-creative-favourite-alan-baker/ Walsall confirm death of former Saddlers and Aston Villa creative favourite Alan Baker]</ref>
*[[Allyn Bromley]], 97, Msanii wa sanaa za uoni na mwalimu wa sanaa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.oahumortuary.com/obituaries/Allyn-Bromley-Baron?obId=46910430 Allyn Bromley-Baron]</ref>
*[[Xesús Cañedo]], 67, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mwanzilishi mwenza wa chama cha [[Partíu Asturianista]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.es/obituarios/fallece-xesus-canedo-referente-asturianismo-politico-cultural-20260101184030-nt.html Fallece Xesús Cañedo, referente del asturianismo político y cultural] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Lana Chornohorska]], 26, Askari wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://24tv.ua/lana-chornogorska-zaginula-fronti-1-sichnya-2026-shho-vidomo_n2982033 "Це велика втрата": na fronti zagynula operatorka droniv i mystkynya Lana Chornohorska] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>
*[[Diane Crump]], 77, Mpanda farasi na mkufunzi wa farasi wa Marekani, glioblastoma.<ref>[https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/diane-crump-the-first-female-jockey-to-run-the-kentucky-derby-dies-at-77 Diane Crump, the first female jockey to race in the Kentucky Derby, dies at 77]</ref>
*[[Nexhat Daci]], 81, Mwanasiasa wa Kosovo, Kaimu [[Rais wa Kosovo]] (2006) na [[Spika wa Bunge la Kosovo]] (2001–2006).<ref>[https://telegrafi.com/figura-e-shquar-e-politikes-dhe-shkences-lideret-politike-shprehin-dhimbjen-dhe-mirenjohje-per-nexhat-dacin/ Figura e shquar e politikës dhe shkencës - liderët politikë shprehin dhimbjen dhe mirënjohjen për Nexhat Dacin] {{in lang|sq}}</ref>
*[[Brian Doyle (mwandishi wa Kanada)|Brian Doyle]], 90, Mwandishi wa Kanada.<ref>[https://ca.news.yahoo.com/brian-doyle-celebrated-ottawa-author-201928651.html Brian Doyle, celebrated Ottawa author, dies at age 90]</ref>
*[[Yehezkel Dror]], 97, Mwanasayansi wa siasa wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Austria.<ref>[https://kula.co.il/news/71762 פרופסور יחזקאל דרור, חתן פרס ישראל, מת בגיל 98] {{in lang|he}}</ref>
*[[Imants Freibergs]], 91, Mwanasayansi wa kompyuta wa Latvia, [[Wenza wa Marais wa Latvia|First Gentleman]] (1999–2007).<ref>[https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/diplomacy/01.01.2026-ex-president-vike-freibergas-husband-imants-freibergs-dies.a628374/ Ex-president Vīķe-Freiberga's husband Imants Freibergs dies]</ref>
*[[James Grauerholz]], 72, Mwandishi wa Marekani, nimonia.<ref>[https://simonwarner.substack.com/p/obituary-8-james-grauerholz%20Obituary%20#8:%20James%20Grauerholz]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Obituary #8: James Grauerholz</ref>
*[[Mohammed Harbi]], 92, Mwanahistoria wa Algeria.<ref>[https://ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com/وفاة-مؤرخ-الثورة-الجزائرية-محمد-حربي/فريق-التحرير/أخبار وفاة مؤرخ الثورة الجزائرية محمد حربي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref>
*[[Huang Dongbi]], 86, Mwanadiplomasia wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316978 中国驻瓦努阿图原大使、驻美国芝加哥原总领事黄东璧逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Morris Kahn]], 95, Mtendaji wa sekta ya mawasiliano wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Afrika Kusini, mwanzilishi wa [[Golden Pages]], [[Amdocs]] na [[Aurec Group]].<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/billionaire-philanthropist-morris-kahn-dies-at-age-95/ Billionaire philanthropist Morris Kahn dies at 95]</ref>
*[[Harvey C. Krautschun]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la South Dakota]] (1985–1996).<ref>[https://www.fidler-isburgfuneralchapels.com/obituaries/harvey-krautschun Harvey C. Krautschun]</ref>
*[[Hiroshi Kume]], 81, Mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Japani, saratani ya mapafu.<ref>[https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20260113/p2a/00m/0et/002000c Famed TV presenter Hiroshi Kume passes away at 81]</ref>
*[[John Langdon (mchoraji chapa)|John Langdon]], 79, Mchoraji chapa na mbunifu wa picha wa Marekani.<ref>[https://punyamishra.com/2026/01/04/remembering-john-langdon/ Remembering John Langdon]</ref>
*[[Arno Liiver]], 71, Muigizaji wa Estonia (''[[Spring (filamu ya 1969)|Spring]]'', ''[[Summer (filamu ya 1976)|Summer]]'', ''[[Autumn (filamu ya 1990)|Autumn]]'').<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609899628/suri-arno-talit-kehastanud-naitleja-arno-liiver Suri Arno Talit kehastanud näitleja Arno Liiver] {{in lang|et}}</ref>
*[[Arnold Long]], 85, Mchezaji kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]], [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]], [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]), saratani.<ref>[https://www.kiaoval.com/arnold-long-1940-2026-obituary/ Arnold Long (1940-2026) - Obituary]</ref>
*[[Volodymyr Marchenko]], 103, Mwanahisabati wa Ukraine ([[Mlinganyo wa Marchenko|Marchenko equation]], [[Mgawanyo wa Marchenko–Pastur|Marchenko–Pastur distribution]]).<ref>[https://www.nas.gov.ua/news/z-glibokim-sumom-spovishchayemo-shcho-1-sichnya-cr-na-104-mu-roci-pishov-iz-zhittya-vidatniy-ukranskiy-matematik-ta-organizator-nauki-akademik-nan-ukrani-volodimir-oleksandrovich-marchenko З глибоким сумом сповіщаємо, що 1 січня ц.р. на 104-му році пішов із життя видатний український математик та організатор науки academician of the NAS of Ukraine Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Marchenko] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>
*[[Hélio Mauro]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Brazil, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Brazil)|deputy]] (1975–1978), [[Orodha ya mameya wa Goiânia|Meya wa Goiânia]] (1978–1979), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://anapolis.tribunadoplanalto.com.br/ex-prefeito-de-goiania-na-decada-de-1970-helio-mauro-umbelino-lobo-morre-em-anapolis Ex-prefeito de Goiânia na década de 1970, Hélio Mauro Umbelino Lobo morre em Anápolis] {{in lang|pt}}</ref>
*[[Paul McCullagh Jr.]], 25, Bondia wa Ireland ya Kaskazini, saratani ya mifupa.<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/sport/other-sport/paul-mccullagh-jr-boxer-dies-age-25-father-confirms-heartbreaking-cause-of-death-5461203 Paul McCullagh Jr: Boxer dies age 25 as father confirms heartbreaking cause of death]</ref>
*[[Colin McDonald (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1930)|Colin McDonald]], 95, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Headington United]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Uingereza|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.burnleyexpress.net/sport/football/burnley-pay-tribute-to-their-former-great-and-england-goalkeeper-colin-mcdonald-5463161 Burnley pay tribute to their former great and England goalkeeper Colin McDonald]</ref>
*[[Enric Mestre]], 89, Mchongaji sanamu wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/fallece-anos-enric-mestre-referente-mundial-ceramica-20260101195353-nt.html Fallece a los 89 años Enric Mestre, referente mundial de la cerámica] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Mukhsin Mukhamadiev]], 59, Mchezaji mpira wa Tajikistan na Urusi ([[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Tajikistan|timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Urusi|timu ya taifa ya Urusi]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan).<ref>[https://tass.ru/sport/26070203 Умер бывший футболист "Спартака" Мухсин Мухамадиев] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[James Munby|Sir James Munby]], 77, Jaji wa Uingereza, [[Rais wa Kitengo cha Familia cha Mahakama Kuu]] (2013–2018), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.judiciary.uk/death-of-sir-james-munby/ Death of Sir James Munby]</ref>
*[[Hubertus von Pilgrim]], 94, Mchongaji sanamu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/landkreismuenchen/hubertus-von-pilgrim-tod-bildhauer-muenchen-todesmarsch-mahnmal-li.3363292 Skulpteur der Erinnerung] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Gregory de Polnay]], 82, Muigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Howards' Way]]'').<ref>[https://www.simplifia.fr/avis-de-deces/gregory-peter-de-polnay-poitiers Monsieur Gregory, Peter de Polnay]</ref>
*[[Karen Poutasi|Dame Karen Poutasi]], 76, Afisa wa afya ya jamii wa New Zealand, [[Wizara ya Afya (New Zealand)|Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Afya]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/583060/dame-karen-poutasi-first-female-director-general-of-health-dies-aged-76 Dame Karen Poutasi, first female director-general of health, dies aged 76]</ref>
*[[Candy Raymond]], 75, Muigizaji wa kike wa Australia (''[[Don's Party (filamu)|Don's Party]]'', ''[[Number 96 (kipindi cha TV)|Number 96]]'', ''[[Prisoner (kipindi cha TV)|Prisoner]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/tributes-paid-to-australian-actor-candy-raymond-who-has-died-aged-75/news-story/39b6ff45f0e2a8eec3a17788621b6bc6 Tributes paid to Australian actor Candy Raymond who has died aged 75]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii)
*[[Amit Saar]], 47, Afisa wa ujasusi wa Israeli, mkuu wa [[Kitengo cha Utafiti (Aman)|Military Intelligence Research Department]] (2020–2024), saratani ya ubongo.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/amit-saar-top-idf-intelligence-officer-on-oct-7-dies-of-cancer-at-47/amp/ Amit Saar, top IDF intelligence officer on Oct. 7, dies of cancer at 47]</ref>
*[[Roland Schäfer]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, meya wa [[Bergkamen]] (1998–2020).<ref>[https://www.wa.de/lokales/bergkamen/31-jahre-fuer-die-stadt-frueherer-buergermeister-roland-schaefer-gestorben-bergkamen-94105418.html 31 Jahre für Bergkamen: Früherer Bürgermeister Roland Schäfer gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo]], 80, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Angola, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Luanda|Luanda]] (1990–1992) na askofu wa [[Jimbo la Mbanza Congo|Mbanza Congo]] (1992–2008).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bshyh.html Bishop Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo, O.F.M. Cap. †]</ref>
*[[Margaret Anne Staggers]], 79, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe la West Virginia]] (2007–2014).<ref>[https://www.lootpress.com/former-fayette-county-delegate-and-physician-dr-margaret-staggers-has-passed-away/ Former Fayette County delegate and physician Dr. Margaret Staggers has passed away]</ref>
*[[Hessy Levinsons Taft]], 91, Mwanakemia na mwanamitindo mtoto wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-whose-baby-photo-was-chosen-by-goebbels-as-aryan-exemplar-dies-at-91/ Jewish woman whose baby photo was chosen by Goebbels as Aryan exemplar dies at 91]</ref>
*[[Linda S. Wilson]], 89, Mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo cha Radcliffe]] (1989–1999).<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/linda-wilson-memorial?id=60613372 Linda S. Wilson]</ref>
*[[Ruben Yesayan]], 79, Rubani wa majaribio wa Urusi na Armenia.<ref>[https://www.mk.ru/politics/2026/01/01/umer-zasluzhennyy-letchikispytatel-ruben-esayan-kritikovavshiy-sukhoy-superdzhet.html Умер заслуженный летчик-испытатель Рубен Есаян, критиковавший «Сухой суперджет»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Yuen Cheung-yan]], 68, Muigizaji wa Hong Kong (''[[The Miracle Fighters]]'', ''[[Drunken Tai Chi]]'', ''[[Flying Dagger]]''), mwongozaji, na mhusika wa mapambano (martial arts choreographer).<ref>[https://www.mirrormedia.mg/external/setn_1775096 港星病逝!享壽69歲 妻證實噩耗] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Valentin Zakharov]], 92, Mcheza rinking wa kuteleza kwenye barafu (figure skater) wa Urusi.<ref>[https://fsrussia.ru/news/novosti/ushel-iz-zhizni-pervyj-sovetskij-figurist-uchastnik-chempionatov-evropy-i-mira-zakharov-valentin-dmitrievich Ушел из жизни первый советский фигурист – участник чемпионатов Европы и мира Захаров Валентин Дмитриевич] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
===2===
*[[Ritva Auvinen]], 93, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Finland.<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000011727190.html Ihana ja ihmeellinen karjalainen, muistelee Sinikka Sokka tätiään Ritva Auvista] {{in lang|fi}}</ref>
*[[Ian Balding]], 87, Mkufunzi wa farasi wa Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |title=Ian Balding, legendary trainer of Mill Reef, dies aged 87 |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411140316/https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Sukumar Barua]], 87, Mshairi wa Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |title=Rhymester Sukumar Barua passes away |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103231936/https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Bobby Baxter (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1937)|Bobby Baxter]], 88, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]], [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]]).<ref>[https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-article/rip-bobby-baxter RIP Bobby Baxter]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii)
*[[Shyam Bihari Lal]], 60, Mwanasiasa wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh MLA]] (tangu 2017), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/bjp-mla-shyam-bihari-lal-passes-away-after-heart-attack-in-bareilly-cm-yogi-expresses-grief-reactions-latest-updates-2026-01-02-1024230 Shyam Bihari Lal, BJP MLA, dies in Bareilly a day after celebrating his 60th birthday, CM Yogi expresses grief]</ref>
*[[Carmen Arnold Biucchi]], 78, Mtaalamu wa sarafu za kale (numismatist) na mwanaakiolojia wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/in-memoriam-carmen-arnold-biucchi-respected-numismatist-and-educator/ In memoriam: Carmen Arnold-Biucchi, respected numismatist and educator]</ref>
*[[Dominique Bucchini]], 82, Mwanasiasa wa Ufaransa, Mbunge wa [[Orodha ya wabunge wa Bunge la Ulaya (1979–1984)|Bunge la Ulaya]] (1979–1984) na meya wa [[Sartène]] (1977–2001).<ref>[https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/corse/ancien-president-de-l-assemblee-de-corse-et-maire-de-sartene-dominique-bucchini-est-decede-3275588.html Ancien président de l'Assemblée de Corse et maire de Sartène, Dominique Bucchini est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Tony Carr (mpiga ngoma)|Tony Carr]], 98, Mpiga ngoma wa kurekodi (session drummer) na mpiga vyombo vya mdundo wa Malta ([[CCS (bendi)|CCS]], [[Hot Chocolate]]).<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949 Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies aged 98]</ref>
*[[Jean-Max Causse]], 85, Muigizaji wa Ufaransa (''[[I Stand Alone (filamu)|I Stand Alone]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2026/01/07/jean-max-causse-exploitant-de-cinemas-et-grand-nom-de-la-cinephilie-parisienne-est-mort_6660907_3382.html Jean-Max Causse, exploitant de cinémas et grand nom de la cinéphilie parisienne, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Bohdan Chufus]], 75, Mwandishi wa habari, muigizaji na mwimbaji wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://intent.press/en/news/society/2026/odesa-reports-the-death-of-artist-bohdan-chufus Odesa reports the death of artist Bohdan Chufus]</ref>
*[[Jenny Collins]], 83, Mtangazaji wa redio wa Uingereza ([[BBC Radio Merseyside]]).<ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bbc-radio-merseyside-founding-member-33159202 BBC Radio Merseyside founding member dies as tributes paid]</ref>
*[[Patrick Duffy (mwanasiasa wa Uingereza)|Sir Patrick Duffy]], 105, Mwanasiasa wa Uingereza, Mbunge wa [[Bunge la Uingereza]] (1963–1966, 1970–1992) na rais wa [[Baraza la Kibunge la NATO]] (1988–1990).<ref>[https://www.irishpost.com/news/sir-patrick-duffy-britains-oldest-living-former-mp-passes-away-at-the-age-of-105-302829 Sir Patrick Duffy, Britain's oldest living former MP, passes away at the age of 105]</ref>
*[[Toshio Fujii]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Japani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Washauri]] (1998–2004), kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1261959/ 藤井俊男さん死去 元民主党参院議員] {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
*[[Francis Grant (mwanajeshi wa majini)|Francis Grant]], 101, Mwanajeshi wa majini wa Uingereza na mkongwe wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>[https://www.the-gazette.co.uk/news/national/25747297.d-day-veteran-escorted-allied-troops-landing-normandy-dies-aged-101/ D-Day veteran who escorted allied troops landing in Normandy dies aged 101]</ref>
*[[Stephen E. Haggerty]], 87, Mwanafizikia wa ardhi (geophysicist) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.miningweekly.com/article/diamond-legend-steve-haggerty-has-died-2026-01-05 Diamond legend Steve Haggerty has died]</ref>
*[[Evan Hammond]], 45, Mtangazaji wa redio na mtangazaji wa michezo wa Kanada ([[CJAV-FM]]), kiharusi.<ref>[https://cheknews.ca/he-was-awesome-fans-grieve-death-of-beloved-island-radio-host-1297611/ 'He was awesome': Fans grieve death of beloved Island radio host]</ref>
*[[Sidney Kibrick]], 97, Muigizaji wa Marekani (''[[Our Gang]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2026/01/06/sidney-kibrick-last-of-the-our-gang-kids-dies-at-97/ Sidney Kibrick, Last of the 'Our Gang' Kids, Dies at 97]</ref>
*[[Kristi Kiick]], 58, Msomi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://rtfoard.com/obituary/kristi-l-kiick/ Kristi L. Kiick]</ref>
*[[Elbert Kimbrough]], 87, Mchezaji wa mpira wa Kimarekani (American football) ([[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Los Angeles Rams]], [[New Orleans Saints]]).<ref>[https://www.galesburg.com/obituaries/pils1375723 Elbert Leon Kimbrough]</ref>
*[[Anna Kurek (mwanachama wa harakati za uasi)|Anna Kurek]], 96, Muuguzi wa Poland na mshiriki wa [[Uasi wa Warsaw]].<ref>[https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3629594,anna-kurek-medic-of-the-1944-warsaw-uprising-has-died%20Anna%20Kurek,%20medic%20of%20the%201944%20Warsaw%20Uprising%20has%20died] Anna Kurek, medic of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, has died</ref>
*[[Paul C. Lambert]], 97, Mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani, balozi nchini [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Marekani nchini Ecuador|Ecuador]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/paul-lambert Paul Lambert '46, Former Trustee, Dies at 97]</ref>
*[[Barbara Lawrence (meneja wa vipaji)|Barbara Lawrence]], 82, Meneja wa vipaji wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/barbara-lawrence-dead-manager-hollywood-1236472853/ Barbara Lawrence, Longtime Manager in Hollywood, Dies at 82]</ref>
*[[Johnny Legend]], 77, Mwanamuziki wa rockabilly, mtayarishaji wa filamu na meneja wa mieleka wa Marekani, kiharusi na kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.f4wonline.com/news/daily-updates/daily-update-njpw-wrestle-kingdom-20-cmll-sin-salida-johnny-legend/ Daily Update: NJPW Wrestle Kingdom 20, CMLL Sin Salida, Johnny Legend]</ref>
*[[Vladimir Lukić]], 92, Mwanasiasa wa Kiserbia wa Bosnia, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Republika Srpska|Waziri Mkuu wa Republika Srpska]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://www.unibl.org/sr/vesti/2026/01/preminuo-prof-vladimir-lukic Преминуо проф. Владимир Лукић] {{in lang|sr}}</ref>
*[[David E. Mitchell]], 75, Mwanaharakati wa matibabu wa Marekani, mwanzilishi wa [[Patients for Affordable Drugs Now]], ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (multiple myeloma).<ref>[https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260109_5/ Patient advocate David Mitchell, 75, dies of multiple myeloma]</ref>
*[[Ashok Gajanan Modak]], 85, Mwanasiasa and msomi wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Maharashtra|Maharashtra MLC]] (1994–2006).<ref>[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/former-mlc-ashok-modak-passes-away-at-85/3243670 Former MLC Ashok Modak passes away at 85]</ref>
*[[Con Pederson]], 91, Msanii wa madoido ya picha (visual effects) wa Marekani (''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]'', ''[[Garfield: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2026/film/news/con-pederson-dead-2001-a-space-odyssey-1236624108/ Con Pederson, '2001: A Space Odyssey' Special Effects Supervisor, Dies at 91]</ref>
*[[Valery Fyodorovich Plotnikov]], 82, Mpiga picha wa Urusi.<ref>[https://vecherka-spb.ru/2026/01/02/v-peterburge-umer-snimavshii-visotskogo-fotograf-valerii-plotnikov В Петербурге умер снимавший Высоцкого фотограф Валерий Плотников] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Tim Robertson]], 81, Muigizaji wa Australia mzaliwa wa Uingereza (''[[Chances (kipindi cha TV)|Chances]]'', ''[[Australia You're Standing In It]]'', ''[[Stingers (kipindi cha TV)|Stingers]]'').<ref>[https://tvtonight.com.au/2026/01/vale-tim-robertson.html Vale: Tim Robertson]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii)
*[[Lajos Rovátkay]], 92, Mpiga kinubi cha kale (harpsichordist) na mwanamuziki wa Ujerumani mzaliwa wa Hungary.<ref>[https://haydneum.com/rovatkay-lajostol-bucsuzunk/ Rovátkay Lajostól búcsúzunk] {{in lang|hu}}</ref>
*[[Saleh Rusheidat]], 80, Mwanasiasa wa Jordan, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi (Jordan)|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] (1993–1997) na [[Baraza la Seneti (Jordan)|Seneti]] (tangu 2009).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |title=PM Mourns Former Deputy Prime Minister, Minister Saleh Irshaidat |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105094008/https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Edith Renfrow Smith]], 111, Mtu aliyeishi miaka mingi sana (supercentenarian) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2026/01/04/edith-renfrow-smith-obit Edith Renfrow Smith, a 'memory keeper' and living link to history, dies at 111]</ref>
*[[Phoenix Spicer]], 23, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]]), aneurysm ya ubongo.<ref>[https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/former-afl-player-phoenix-spicer-dies-as-heartbroken-family-and-football-figures-pay-tribute-c-21196271 Former AFL player Phoenix Spicer dies as heartbroken family and football figures pay tribute]</ref>
*[[Bob Taylor (mchezaji mpira wa Australia)|Bob Taylor]], 94, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]).<ref>[https://www.mytributes.com.au/notice/death-notices/taylor-robert-william/6340307/ Taylor, Robert William]</ref>
*[[Ivanne Trebbi]], 97, Mwanaharakati wa uasi (partisan) na mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1979–1987).<ref>[https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2026/01/02/news/ivonne_trebbi_morta_partigiana_bruna_castel_maggiore-425072270/ Ivonne Trebbi è morta, addio alla partigiana Bruna. Aveva 97 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Jim Willis (mtupaji mpira wa miaka ya 1950)|Jim Willis]], 98, Mchezaji wa mpira wa magongo (baseball) wa Marekani ([[Chicago Cubs]]).<ref>[https://www.kramerfunerals.com/obituaries/obituary-listings?obId=46849117 James Gladden Willis]</ref>
*[[Horst Witzler]], 93, Meneja wa mpira wa miguu wa Ujerumani ([[Schwarz-Weiß Essen]], [[Borussia Dortmund]], [[Alemannia Aachen]]).<ref>[https://www.wirtrauern.de/traueranzeige/horst-witzler Horst Witzler] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Robert Wolski]], 43, Mwanariadha wa Olimpiki wa kuruka juu wa Poland ([[Riadha katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004 – Kuruka juu kwa Wanaume|2004]]), ajali ya barabarani.<ref>[https://sport.fakt.pl/inne-sporty/robert-wolski-nie-zyje-olimpijczyk-z-aten-zmarl-po-wypadku/vcln04y Tragiczna śmierć polskiego olimpijczyka. Robert Wolski nie żyje] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Nellie Wong]], 91, Mshairi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.kearnystreet.org/blog/2026/1/5/remembering-nellie-wong Remembering Nellie Wong]</ref>
*[[Mirosław Zdanowicz]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa kijamii wa Poland.<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Zmarl-Miroslaw-Zdanowicz-przedsiebiorca-i-legenda-sportu-n212613.html Zmarł Mirosław Zdanowicz - przedsiębiorca i legenda sportu] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
===3===
*[[Hushang Ansary]], 98, Mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa Iran na Marekani, waziri wa [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|fedha]] (1974–1977) na [[Wizara ya Habari na Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Iran|habari]] (1971–1974), [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Iran nchini Marekani|Balozi nchini Marekani]] (1967–1969), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://antilliaansdagblad.com/nieuws-menu/curacao/32228-hushang-ansary-98-overleden Hushang Ansary (98) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Jamil Azar]], 89, Mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa Jordan, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Al Jazeera]].<ref>[https://www.raialyoum.com/وفاة-الإعلامي-الأردني-جميل-عازر-أحد-مؤ/ وفاة الإعلامي الأردني جميل عازر أحد مؤسسي قناة "الجزيرة" القطرية] {{in lang|ar}}</ref>
*[[Dietmar Bachmann]], 91, Mwanasiasa wa Austria, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Tyrol]] (1965–1994).<ref>[https://www.tt.com/artikel/30925089/langjaehriger-tiroler-oevp-mandatar-bachmann-91-jaehrig-verstorben Langjähriger Tiroler ÖVP-Mandatar Bachmann 91-jährig verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Claude-Inga Barbey]], 64, Mchekeshaji, mwandishi, na muigizaji wa kike wa Uswisi (''[[The Death of Mario Ricci]]'').<ref>[https://www.tdg.ch/claude-inga-barbey-la-comedienne-genevoise-decede-a-64-ans-287385327444 La comédienne genevoise Claude-Inga Barbey s'en est allée] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Stephen E. Braude]], 80, Mwanafalsafa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/las-vegas-nv/stephen-braude-12691825 Stephen Edward Braude]</ref>
*[[Natale Carlotto]], 94, Mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|senator]] (1987–1994) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1976–1987).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/piemonte/articoli/2026/01/morto-a-94-anni-lex-senatore-natale-carlotto-3f13e9b1-91f3-4f88-bb6c-40b7a65599c0.html Morto a 94 anni l'ex senatore Natale Carlotto] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Francesco Paolo Casavola]], 94, Mwanasheria wa Italia, [[Orodha ya marais wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Italia|Rais wa Mahakama ya Katiba]] (1992–1995).<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/26_gennaio_04/morto-francesco-paolo-casavola-diritto-come-missione-230d08fa-e9a0-11f0-9bf4-5e5c7de4860b.shtml Morto Francesco Paolo Casavola, il diritto come missione] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Frédéric Cerdal]], 81, Muigizaji na mwongozaji wa jukwaani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=1000184421.html Il prêtait sa voix à une légende du cinéma : le comédien français Frédéric Cerdal nous a quittés à l'âge de 81 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Maria Eugènia Cuenca]], 78, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Catalonia|Bunge la Catalan]] (1999–2006) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute]] (1986–1992).<ref>[https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/mor-maria-eugenia-cuenca-la-primera-dona-que-va-ser-consellera-de-la-generalitat/noticia/3387804/ Mor Maria Eugènia Cuenca, la primera dona que va ser consellera de la Generalitat] {{in lang|ca}}</ref>
*[[Anthony Fletcher]], 84, Mwanahistoria wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/births-marriages-and-deaths-january-23-2026-50z7rqgv8 Fletcher] {{paywall}}</ref>
*[[Gerry Gable]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa siasa na mhariri wa jarida wa Uingereza (''[[Searchlight (jarida)|Searchlight]]'').<ref>[https://searchlightmagazine.com/2026/01/gerry-gable-1937-2026/ Gerry Gable (1937–2026)]</ref>
*[[Franz Herre]], 99, Mwandishi wa habari na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://trauer.merkur.de/traueranzeige/franz-herre Franz Herre] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Marvalene Hughes]], 88, Muelimishaji na msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la California, Stanislaus]] (1994–2005) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dillard]] (2005–2011).<ref>[https://peoplesfuneralhometuskegeeal.com/obituaries/marvalene-hughes/ Marvalene Hughes]</ref>
*[[Mesut İktu]], 78, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Uturuki (baritone).<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/opera-sanatcisi-prof-dr-mesut-iktu-vefat-etti/3788714 Opera sanatçısı Prof. Dr. Mesut İktu vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref>
*[[Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo]], 89, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Colombia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo la Pereira|Pereira]] (1984–1987), askofu wa [[Jimbo la Málaga–Soatá|Málaga–Soatá]] (1987–2001) na wa [[Jimbo la Buga|Buga]] (2001–2012).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgiraj.html Bishop Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo †]</ref>
*[[Nālani Kanakaʻole]], 79, Mwalimu wa densi ya hula ([[kumu hula]]) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://mauinow.com/2026/01/05/nalani-kanaka{{okina}}ole-revered-kumu-hula-and-cultural-matriarch-passes-at-79/ Nālani Kanaka{{okina}}ole, revered Kumu Hula and cultural matriarch, passes at 79]</ref>
*[[Latif Karimi]], Mprotestaji wa Iran, brigedia jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], [[Maandamano ya Iran ya 2025–2026|alipigwa risasi]].<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-31 گزارش ههنگاو از جانباختن لطیف کریمی با شلیک مستقیم نیروهای حکومتی/ تلاش حکومت برای مصادره و وارونهسازی واقعیت] {{in lang|fa}}</ref>
*[[David M. Maddox]], 87, Jenerali wa jeshi la Marekani.<ref>[https://blackhorse.org/e-news-january-2026/ E-News — January 2026]</ref>
*[[Guðmundur Oddur Magnússon]], 70, Msanii na msomi wa Iceland.<ref>[https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2026-01-04-goddur-er-latinn-462845 Goddur er látinn] {{in lang|is}}</ref>
*[[Graham McCamley|Sir Graham McCamley]], 93, Mzalishaji wa nyama ya ng'ombe wa Australia.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-05/australian-beef-industry-mourns-loss-of-sir-graham-mccamley-93/106198876 Tributes flow for founding father of Australian beef industry, Sir Graham McCamley]</ref>
*[[John Meredith (mchezaji mpira)|John Meredith]], 85, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]], [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]], [[Gillingham F.C.|Gillingham]]).<ref>[https://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/news/john-meredith-1940-2026 John Meredith (1940 – 2026)]</ref>
*[[Errol Moorcroft]], 85, Mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe (Afrika Kusini)|House of Assembly]] (1981–1987, 1989–1994) na [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini|Bunge la Kitaifa]] (1999–2004).<ref>[https://centralnews.co.za/former-da-federal-chairperson-errol-moorcroft-has-passed-away/ Former DA Federal Chairperson Errol Moorcroft Has Passed Away]</ref>
*[[Ahmed Moujahid]], Mchezaji mpira wa Morocco ([[Wydad AC|Wydad Casablanca]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Morocco|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/equipe-maroc/ahmed-moujahid-vainqueur-de-la-can-1976-avec-le-maroc-est-mort_AV-202601040203.html Ahmed Moujahid, vainqueur de la CAN 1976 avec le Maroc, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Dastagir Hossain Nira]], 60, Mchezaji mpira wa Bangladesh ([[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]], [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bangladesh|timu ya taifa]]), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/former-bangladesh-footballer-golam-dostogir-no-more-4072846 Former Bangladesh footballer Golam Dostogir no more]</ref>
*[[Pa O'Dwyer]], 40, Mwanaume mwenye nguvu (strongman) wa Ireland.<ref>[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/strongman-champion-pa-odwyer-dies-33162442 Strongman turned hilarious Instagram star dies aged 40]</ref>
*[[Sverre Anker Ousdal]], 81, Muigizaji wa Norway (''[[Insomnia (filamu ya 1997)|Insomnia]]'', ''[[Flight of the Eagle]]'', ''[[The Last Place on Earth]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/GxGLn4/sverre-anker-ousdal-er-doed Sverre Anker Ousdal er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref>
*[[Andrzej Paczkowski]], 87, Mwanahistoria wa Poland.<ref>[https://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/7,121681,32505118,zmarl-prof-andrzej-paczkowski-jeden-z-najwybitniejszych-polskich.html Zmarł prof. Andrzej Paczkowski, jeden z najwybitniejszych polskich historyków] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Dimitar Penev]], 80, Mchezaji mpira wa Bulgaria ([[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bulgaria|timu ya taifa]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa).<ref>[https://www.bgnes.com/sport/the-great-coach-and-football-player-dimitar-penev-has-passed-away The great coach and football player Dimitar Penev has passed away]</ref>
*[[Jenny Plocki]], 100, Mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake wa Ufaransa.
*[[Rolf Riehm]], 88, mtunzi wa muziki wa Ujerumani (''[[Sirenen]]''), mpiga oboe na msomi ([[Musikhochschule Frankfurt]]).<ref>[https://www.fr.de/kultur/musik/der-komponist-rolf-riehm-war-ein-aesthetischer-brigant-mit-einspruch-94112742.html Komponist Rolf Riehm ist gestorben: Immer mit Einspruch] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Randy Riley]], 63, mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/east-lansing-mi/randy-riley-12692653 Randy Joseph Riley]</ref>
*[[Eva Schloss]], 96, msururu wa Maangamizi makuu ya Wanazi na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Austria-Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.annefrank.org/en/about-us/news-and-press/news/2026/1/4/in-memoriam-eva-schloss-geiringer/ In memoriam – Eva Schloss-Geiringer]</ref>
*[[Robert K. Tanenbaum]], 83, wakili wa kesi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa Amerika, [[Orodha ya mameya wa Beverly Hills, California|meya wa Beverly Hills, California]] (1988–1989, 1992–1993), saratani.<ref>[https://aarclibrary.org/2026/01/08/former-deputy-chief-counsel-for-the-house-select-committee-on-assassinations-robert-k-tanenbaum-has-died-at-the-age-of-83/ Former Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Robert K. Tanenbaum, has died at the age of 83]</ref>
*[[Nam Singh Thapa]], 79, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Nepal ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1964 – Flyweight|1964]]), saratani.<ref>[https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nam-singh-thapa-nepals-first-olympian-dies Nam Singh Thapa, Nepal's first Olympian, dies]</ref>
*[[Samuel O. Thier]], 88, daktari na mwanataaluma wa Amerika, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brandeis]] (1991–1994).<ref>[https://nam.edu/news-and-insights/remembering-samuel-o-thier-iom-president-1985-1991/ Remembering Samuel O. Thier, IOM President (1985-1991)]</ref>
*[[Ivan Varshavsky]], 87, mhandisi wa Urusi na msimamizi wa njia za reli.<ref>[https://www.amur.life/people/2026/01/03/v-tynde-umer-legendarnyy-bamovec-ivan-varshavskiy В Тынде умер легендарный строитель БАМа Иван Варшавский] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Wang Zheng (vice admiral)|Wang Zheng]], 64, makamu wa amirali wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32311251 海军原副政委王征中将逝世,享年64岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Terry Wharton]], 83, mchezaji wa soka wa Uingereza ([[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/club/20260103-terry-wharton-1942-2026/ Terry Wharton | 1942-2026]</ref>
*[[William H. Yohn Jr.]], 90, mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa Amerika, jaji wa [[Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani kwa Wilaya ya Mashariki ya Pennsylvania]] (tangu 1991), mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania]] (1968–1980).<ref>[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/yohn-william-hendricks-jr Yohn, William Hendricks, Jr.]</ref>
*[[Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi]], 76, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Indonesia.<ref>[https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5332042/pimpinan-pmdg-gontor-kh-amal-fathullah-zarkasyi-wafat Pimpinan PMDG Gontor KH Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi wafat] {{in lang|id}}</ref>
*[[Zhang Kerang]], 78, mwigizaji wa Kichina wa [[Peking opera]].<ref>[https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/01/05/11505292.shtml 著名京剧表演艺术家、马连良先生入室弟子张克让逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
===4===
*[[Forest Able]], 93, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Syracuse Nationals]]).<ref>[https://wkusports.com/news/2026/1/6/general-wku-athletics-hall-of-famer-forest-frosty-able-passes-away WKU Athletics Hall of Famer Forest "Frosty" Able Passes Away]</ref>
*[[Ali Abu Al-Ragheb]], 79, mwanasiasa wa Jordan, [[Waziri Mkuu wa Jordan|waziri mkuu]] (2000–2003).<ref>[https://www.ammanjo.co/article/253792 رئيس الوزراء الأسبق علي ابو الراغب في ذمة الله] {{in lang|ar}}</ref>
*[[Fazalur Raheem Ashrafi]], 81, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Pakistan, mfadhili wa [[Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia]].<ref>[https://www.samaa.tv/2087344161-jamia-ashrafia-head-maulana-ashrafi-passes-away Jamia Ashrafia head Maulana Ashrafi passes away]</ref>
*[[Céline Bellot]], 55, mtaalamu wa kriminolojia na mwanataaluma wa Kanada, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/946011/mort-celine-bellot-chercheuse-personnes-marginalisees Pionnière du travail social sur l'itinérance et le profilage, la chercheuse Céline Bellot s'éteint] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Mario Blasone]], 85, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Italia.<ref>[https://fip.it/ci-ha-lasciati-mario-blasone-le-condoglianze-del-presidente-petrucci-e-della-fip/ Ci ha lasciati coach Mario Blasone. Le condoglianze del presidente Petrucci. Disposto minute di silenzio] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Bob Boyer (wrestler)|Bob Boyer]], 93, mweleka wa kitaalamu wa Kanada.<ref>[https://www.flannerbuchanan.com/obituaries/robert-boyer Robert Gerald Boyer]</ref>
*[[David Branch (ice hockey)|David Branch]], 77, msimamizi wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada, kamishna wa [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] (1979–2024) na rais wa [[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]] (1996–2019).<ref>[https://chl.ca/ohl/article/ohl-chl-mourn-the-loss-of-david-branch-transformative-commissioner-and-hockey-visionary/ OHL, CHL Mourn the Loss of David Branch, Transformative Commissioner and Hockey Visionary]</ref>
*[[Tom Britt]], 89, mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/thomas-britt/ Remembering Thomas Britt: The Grand Entertainer of Design]</ref>
*[[Zoraida Burgos i Matheu]], 92, mwandishi wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.escriptors.cat/autors/burgosz/english Zoraida Burgos]</ref>
*[[Calbo (rapper)|Calbo]], 52, mwanamuziki wa rap wa Ufaransa ([[Ärsenik]]).<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/necrologie/le-rappeur-calbo-membre-du-duo-emblematique-aersenik-est-mort-a-lage-de-52-ans-12c200ea-e98c-11f0-9b78-7c77e15311d5 Le rappeur Calbo, membre du duo emblématique Ärsenik, est mort à l'âge de 52 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Chandrasena Thalangama]], 81, mwandishi wa habari na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Sri Lanka.<ref>[https://dailynews.lk/2026/01/05/local/927640/veteran-lyricist-and-journalist-chandrasena-thalangama-passes-away/ Veteran Lyricist and Journalist Chandrasena Thalangama passes away]</ref>
*[[Larry M. Cherry]], 69, mtengenezaji wa mitindo ya nywele wa Amerika (''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]'', ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'').<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/in-memoriam/2026 In Memoriam]</ref>
*[[Germaine Cousin-Zermatten]], 100, mtaalamu wa mitishamba wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/valais/2026/article/deces-de-germaine-cousin-zermatten-gardienne-des-remedes-ancestraux-valaisans-29108760.html Gardienne des remèdes d'antan, la Valaisanne Germaine Cousin-Zermatten s'est éteinte à 100 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Jim Dennison]], 87, kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Akron Zips football|Akron Zips]], [[Walsh Cavaliers football|Walsh Cavaliers]]).<ref>[https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/zips/2026/01/05/jim-dennison-died-obit-akron-zips-football-coach-walsh/77733069007/ Jim Dennison, winningest football coach at Akron and Walsh, dies]</ref>
*[[Kamiel Dierckx]], 84, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Ubelgiji ([[Mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Ubelgiji|Belgian Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.basketballbelgium.be/news/balgoochelaar-kamiel-dierckx-op-84-jarige-leeftijd-overleden/ Le magicien de bal Kamiel Dierckx est décédé à l'âge de 84 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Frank Dunlop (director)|Frank Dunlop]], 98, mwongozaji wa ukumbi wa michezo wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2026/jan/06/frank-dunlop-obituary Frank Dunlop obituary]</ref>
*[[Manuel Fernández Ilarraza]], 85, daktari wa magonjwa ya wanawake na mwanasiasa wa Hispania, [[Orodha ya marais wa Bunge la La Rioja|rais wa Bunge la La Rioja]] (1987–1988).<ref>[https://www.eldiadelarioja.es/noticia/zfa0a01e2-4243-4b79-9583f46f193b848f/202601/muere-manuel-fernandez-ilarraza-expresidente-del-parlamento Muere Manuel Fernández Ilarraza, expresidente del Parlamento] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Miloslav Fiala]], 97, kasisi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-knez-miloslav-fiala-40555863 Zemřel kněz Miloslav Fiala] {{in lang|cs}}</ref>
*[[Andy Friendly]], 74, mtayarishaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/andy-friendly-dead-entertainment-tonight-1236674998/ Andy Friendly Dies: First 'Entertainment Tonight' Producer, Son Of Legendary CBS Newsman Fred Friendly Was 74]</ref>
*[[John Gaisford]], 91, askofu wa Anglikana wa Uingereza, [[Askofu wa Beverley]] (1994–2000).<ref>[https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2026/9-january/gazette/deaths/deaths Deaths]</ref>
*[[L. Ganesan]], 91, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Lok Sabha|Mbunge]] (1980–1986, 2004–2009).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veteran-dravidian-ideologue-l-ganesan-no-more/article70469988.ece Veteran Dravidian ideologue L. Ganesan no more]</ref>
*[[Anne-Claire Goulon]], 51, mwanamke wa biashara wa Ufaransa, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/societe/2026/01/04/anne-claire-goulon-ex-dirigeante-du-groupe-livio-s-est-eteinte-a-51-ans Anne-Claire Goulon, ex-dirigeante du groupe Livio, s'est éteinte à 51 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Vicki L. Gregory]], 75, mwanataaluma na mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/montgomery-al/vicki-gregory-12693551 Vicki Gregory]</ref>
*[[Michel Griffon]], 77, mtaalamu wa kilimo wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://gret.org/actualite/2026/hommage-a-michel-griffon/ Hommage à Michel Griffon] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Roger Guesnerie]], 82, mwanauchumi na mwanataaluma wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ehess.fr/fr/hommage/hommage-roger-guesnerie Hommage à Roger Guesnerie] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Denise Harlow]], 55, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Maine]] (2010–2018), saratani.<ref>[https://www.sunjournal.com/2026/01/08/a-big-believer-in-justice-former-portland-lawmaker-dies-at-55/ Former Portland lawmaker Denise Harlow dies at 55]</ref>
*[[Bobby Holmes]], 93, mchezaji wa soka wa Scotland ([[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]).<ref>[https://dumbartonfootballclub.com/bobby-holmes/ Bobby Holmes]</ref>
*[[Nora Ikstena]], 56, mwandishi na meneja wa utamaduni wa Latvia.<ref>[https://www.apollo.lv/8390161/muziba-devusies-rakstniece-nora-ikstena Mūžībā devusies rakstniece Nora Ikstena] {{in lang|lv}}</ref>
*[[Klaus Keitel]], 86, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe (1990–2002) na rais (1990–1998) wa [[Landtag ya Saxony-Anhalt]].<ref>[https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/erster-landtagsprasident-von-sachsen-anhalt-ist-verstorben-4176883 Erster Landtagspräsident von Sachsen-Anhalt ist verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[John Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw]], 89, mwanafalsafa wa kifalme wa Uingereza, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wakuu]] (1968–1999).<ref>[https://members.parliament.uk/member/2012/career Lord Kershaw]</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Does not give a date of death|date=January 2026}}
*[[Kim Young-in]], 85, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Dachimawa Lee]]'', ''[[No Blood No Tears]]'', ''[[Arahan]]'').<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260104025000505 '원조 스턴트맨'...60년간 배우 활동한 김영인씨 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref>
*[[Wiktor Kinecki]], 96, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1976–1980).<ref>[https://zhp.pl/odszedl-na-wieczna-warte-druh-harcmistrz-wiktor-kinecki/ Odszedł na Wieczną Wartę Druh harcmistrz Wiktor Kinecki] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Graham Knight (Australian footballer)|Graham Knight]], 94, mchezaji wa [[Sheria za mpira wa miguu za Australia|soka la Australia]] ([[Fitzroy Football Club|Fitzroy]]).<ref>[https://www.smct.org.au/deceased-search/detail?id=4c03d010-15f7-f011-97fd-9cb0e349dd9d Graham Ivo Knight]</ref>
*[[Milorad Kosanović]], 75, mchezaji wa soka wa Serbia ([[FK Proleter Zrenjanin|Proleter Zrenjanin]], [[FK Vojvodina|Vojvodina]]) na meneja ([[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Malta|Timu ya taifa ya Malta]]).<ref>[https://www.danas.rs/sport/na-svoj-rodjendan-preminuo-milorad-kosanovic/ Na svoj rođendan preminuo Milorad Kosanović] {{in lang|sr}}</ref>
*[[Bernard Lemoux]], 83, mfanyabiashara wa Ufaransa, rais wa [[Stade Rennais FC]] (1973–1977).<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/sports/football/stade-rennais-l-ancien-president-du-club-bernard-lemoux-est-decede-6969746 Stade Rennais : l'ancien président du club Bernard Lemoux est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[George C. Lodge]], 98, mwanasiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/george-lodge-obituary?id=60478546 George Lodge]</ref>
*[[Oscar Lofton]], 87, mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Boston Patriots]]) na kocha ([[Southeastern Louisiana Lions football|Southeastern Louisiana Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.churchfuneralservices.com/obituaries/oscar-lofton Oscar Warren Lofton]</ref>
*[[Naser Toure Mahama]], 60, mwanasiasa wa Ghana, [[Bunge la Ghana|Mbunge]] (tangu 2012).<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2026/01/ayawaso-east-mp-mahama-naser-toure-dies-after-short-illness/ Ayawaso East MP Mahama Naser Toure dies after short illness]</ref>
*[[Miloslav Masopust]], 101, jenerali wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-valecny-veteran-miloslav-masopust-40556008 Zemřel válečný veterán Miloslav Masopust] {{in lang|cs}}</ref>
*[[Giorgos Papadakis]], 74, mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Ugiriki, mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1752644/o-giorgos-papadakis-sto-laiko-me-varutato-emfragma/ Έφυγε από τη ζωή ο Γιώργος Παπαδάκης ύστερα από έμφραγμα] {{in lang|el}}</ref>
*[[Daniel Pelletti]], 77, mchoraji wa Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.sudinfo.be/id1090516/article/2026-01-05/la-louviere-perd-lun-de-ses-artistes-emblematiques-daniel-pelletti-tire-sa La Louvière perd l'un de ses artistes emblématiques : Daniel Pelletti a tiré sa révérence à l'âge de 77 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Jules Radich]], 71, mwanasiasa wa New Zealand, [[meya wa Dunedin]] (2022–2025), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/former-mayor-dunedin-jules-radich-dies Former mayor of Dunedin Jules Radich dies]</ref>
*[[Michael Reagan]], 80, mchambuzi wa kisiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/latest-news-trump-maduro_n_695bb603e4b0d6beb5fd9469/liveblog_695d80b5e4b0b693af45947f Michael Reagan, Eldest Son Of Ronald Reagan, Has Died]</ref>
*[[Donald C. Rogers]], 94, mhandisi wa sauti wa Amerika (''[[Rocky]]'', ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/donald-c-rogers-dies-94-1236676997/ Donald C. Rogers Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Rocky', 'Little Shop of Horrors' & 'The Goonies' Sound Director Was 94]</ref>
*[[Marissa Sanchez]], 69, mchezaji wa tenisi wa Ufilipino.<ref>[https://punto.com.ph/70s-phl-tennis-star-marissa-sanchez-dies-at-69/ '70s PHL tennis star Marissa Sanchez dies at 69]</ref>
*[[Jacqueline Schaeffer]], 91, mwanasaikolojia wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.spp.asso.fr/deces-de-jacqueline-schaeffer-1934-2026/ Décès de Jacqueline Schaeffer (1934-2026)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Steve Sheetz]], 77, mwendeshaji wa duka la bidhaa mchanganyiko wa Amerika, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na rais wa [[Sheetz|Sheetz, Inc.]] (1984–1995).<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/steve-sheetz-dies/ Former Sheetz president and CEO Steve Sheetz dies at age 77]</ref>
*[[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo]], 79, mwanahistoria na mtaalamu wa akiolojia wa India.<ref>[https://pragativadi.com/khadial-king-jitamitra-prasad-singh-deo-passes-away-at-80/ Khadial King Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo Passes Away at 80]</ref>
*[[Ralph L. Thomas]], 86, mwongozaji wa filamu wa Kanada aliyezaliwa Brazil (''[[The Terry Fox Story]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]'', ''[[Ticket to Heaven]]'') na mwandishi wa skripti, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/ralph-thomas-dies-journalist-filmmaker-obit/ Ralph L. Thomas, 'The Terry Fox Story' Director and Journalist, Dies at 86]</ref>
*[[Horacio Usandizaga]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Argentina, [[Seneti ya Argentina|seneta]] (1995–2003) na meya wa [[Rosario]] (1983–1989), matatizo kutokana na kiharusi cha mara kwa mara.<ref>[https://www.infobae.com/politica/2026/01/04/murio-horacio-usandizaga-historico-dirigente-de-la-ucr-y-primer-intendente-de-rosario-tras-el-regreso-de-la-democracia/ Murió Horacio Usandizaga, histórico dirigente de la UCR y primer intedente de Rosario tras el regreso de la democracia] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Mary White (Fianna Fáil politician)|Mary White]], 81, mwanamke wa biashara na mwanasiasa wa Ireland, [[Seanad Éireann|seneta]] (2002–2016).<ref>[https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/she-was-a-force-of-nature-mary-white-former-senator-and-founder-of-lir-chocolates-dies-aged-81/a891185846.html 'She was a force of nature' – Mary White, former senator and founder of Lir Chocolates, dies aged 81]</ref>
*[[Xiao Zhuang (photographer)|Xiao Zhuang]], 93, mpiga picha wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316516 著名摄影家、新中国第一批女摄影记者晓庄逝世,享年94岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Teresa Zalewska]], 83, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1989–1991).<ref>[https://www.nasztomaszow.pl/artykul/53485,zmarla-pani-teresa-zalewska Zmarła Pani Teresa Zalewska] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
===5===
*[[Ahn Sung-ki]], 74, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Silmido (film)|Silmido]]'', ''[[Two Cops]]'', ''[[Radio Star (film)|Radio Star]]''), saratani ya damu.<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/english/travel-food-en/2026/01/05/3356DGXZABF6PF4YANV36GJNHE/ South Korean Film Legend Ahn Sung-ki Dies at 75]</ref>
*[[Aldrich Ames]], 84, afisa wa ujasusi wa Amerika ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]) na mjasusi wa zamani wa Umoja wa Kisovieti aliyetiwa hatiani.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aldrich-ames-dies-age-84-russia-spy/ Aldrich Ames, CIA officer convicted of spying for Russia, dies at age 84]</ref>
*[[Bonifacio Ávila]], 75, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Colombia ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1972 – Light middleweight|1972]]).<ref>[https://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/otros-deportes/luto-en-el-boxeo-colombiano-por-la-muerte-del-legendario-bony-3522048 Luto en el boxeo colombiano por la muerte del legendario 'Bony' Ávila] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Herbert Beck (historian)|Herbert Beck]], 84, mwanahistoria wa sanaa wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/kunst-und-architektur/ein-grosser-aufklaerer-zum-tod-des-ehemaligen-staedel-und-liebieghausdirektors-herbert-beck-accg-110814367.html Mustergültiger Aufklärer] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Andrew Bodnar]], 71, mpiga gitaa la bezi wa Uingereza ([[The Rumour]]) na mtunzi wa nyimbo ("[[I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass]]").<ref>[https://www.hitzound.com/bassist-andrew-bodnar-o-a-graham-parker-the-rumour-overleden/ Bassist Andrew Bodnar (o.a. Graham Parker & The Rumour) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Andrew Carter (composer)|Andrew Carter]], 86, mtunzi wa muziki wa Uingereza ([[Benedicite (Carter)|Benedicite]]) na mwongozaji wa kwaya.<ref>[https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam Andrew Carter - In Memoriam]</ref>
*[[Tom Cherones]], 86, mwongozaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[NewsRadio]]'', ''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]''), matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa Alzheimer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tom-cherones-dead-seinfeld-director-producer-1236469039/ Tom Cherones, Emmy-Winning 'Seinfeld' Director and Producer, Dies at 86]</ref>
*[[Beatriz de Lenclós]], 102, mnenguaji wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.elcorreo.com/alava/araba/fallece-beatriz-lenclos-gran-vedette-vitoriana-marco-20260107192323-nt.html Fallece Beatriz de Lenclós, la gran vedette vitoriana que marcó época] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Marian Diamond (actress)|Marian Diamond]], 89, mwigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Subterfuge (1968 film)|Subterfuge]]'', ''[[Goodbye Gemini]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'').<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/news/obituaries/marian-diamond-miriam-margolyes-pays-tribute-dear-friend-jackanory-brookside-death-aged-89-5474592 Marian Diamond: Miriam Margolyes pays tribute to 'dear friend' after Jackanory star's death aged 89]</ref>
*[[Miklós Dudás (canoeist)|Miklós Dudás]], 34, mchezaji wa mtumbwi wa Olimpiki wa Hungaria ([[Canoeing katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 – Men's K-1 200 metres|2012]]), bingwa wa dunia ([[2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships|2014]]).<ref>[https://24.hu/sport/2026/01/05/meghalt-dudas-miki/ Meghalt Dudás Miki] {{in lang|hu}}</ref>
*[[Aoi Fujino]], 27, mwanamitindo wa Kijapani wa gravure idol, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]].<ref>[https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2026/01/09/articles/20260109s00041000284000c.html 元グラドル藤乃あおいさんが死去、27歳 親族が発表 23年に希少がんを公表 闘病続けていた] {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
*[[Paolo Gillet]], 96, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Albano|Albano]] (1993–2005).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgillet.html Bishop Paolo Gillet †]</ref>
*[[Pier Francesco Guarguaglini]], 88, mtendaji wa sekta ya ulinzi wa Italia, mwenyekiti wa [[Leonardo (company)|Finmeccanica]] (2002–2011).<ref>[https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/morto-pier-francesco-guarguaglini-crosetto-uomo-intelligenza-e-visione-AIoes8h Morto Pier Francesco Guarguaglini, Crosetto: uomo di intelligenza e visione] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Bruce Hammock]], 78, mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) wa Amerika.<ref>[http://entnem.ucdavis.edu/news/bruce-hammock-1947-2026 Bruce Hammock: 1947-2026]</ref>
*[[Andrew Hichens]], 89, mchezaji wa kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], [[Oxfordshire County Cricket Club|Oxfordshire]]).<ref>[https://www.oxfordshire.cricket/andrew-hichens-obituary/ Andrew Hichens Obituary]</ref>
*[[Ad van Kempen]], 81, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[1-900 (film)|1-900]]'', ''[['n Beetje Verliefd]]'', ''[[Winter in Wartime (film)|Winter in Wartime]]''), saratani ya tezi dume.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/show/acteur-ad-van-kempen-overleden-op-81-jarige-leeftijd~a7cdd6f6/ Acteur Ad van Kempen overleden op 81-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[José Mingorance]], 87, mchezaji wa soka wa Hispania ([[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Hispania|timu ya taifa]]) na meneja ([[Granada CF|Granada]]).<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/andalucia/cordoba/cordoba-cf/fallece-jose-mingorance-leyenda-epoca-dorada-cordoba-20260105163238-nts.html Fallece José Mingorance, leyenda de la época dorada del Córdoba CF en Primera División] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Reza Moradi Abdolvand]], 18, mprotestaji wa Iran, alipigwa risasi.<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-40 گزارش ههنگاو از جانباختن رضا مرادی عبدالوند ششمین جانباخته اعتراضات شهر ازنا] {{in lang|fa}}</ref>
*[[James E. O'Grady]], 96, afisa wa kurejesha sheria wa Amerika, [[Sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook|sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook]] (1986–1990).<ref>[https://www.smithcorcoran.com/obituaries/James-E-OGrady?obId=46864181 James E. O'Grady]</ref>
*[[Jawann Oldham]], 68, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Chicago Bulls]], [[Houston Rockets]], [[New York Knicks]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seattle-university/jawann-oldham-a-basketball-star-at-cleveland-high-seattle-u-dies-at-68/ Jawann Oldham, a basketball star at Cleveland High, Seattle U, dies at 68]</ref>
*[[Induratana Paribatra]], 103, mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa Thailand.<ref>[https://pantip.com/topic/43930505 "พระองค์หญิงอินทุรัตนา บริพัตร" (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอินทุรัตนา) สิ้นพระชนม์ สิริพระชันษา ๑๐๓ ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref>
*[[Molly Parkin]], 93, mchoraji, mwandishi wa riwaya na mwandishi wa habari wa Wales.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgeyrg5e7xo Artist and fashion writer Molly Parkin dies]</ref>
*[[Bob Pulford]], 89, mchezaji wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada aliyeingizwa kwenye [[Hockey Hall of Fame]], kocha ([[Chicago Blackhawks]]), na mtendaji, rais wa [[National League Players' Association|NHLPA]] (1967–1972), bingwa mara nne wa [[Stanley Cup]].<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/bob-pulford-dead-at-age-89 Pulford, 4-time Stanley Cup champion with Maple Leafs, dies at 89]</ref>
*[[Cosimo Scaglioso]], 89, mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|seneta]] (1994–1996).<ref>[https://www.lanazione.it/siena/cronaca/la-citta-piange-cosimo-scaglioso-a668b72e La città piange Cosimo Scaglioso. Fu docente emerito e senatore] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Elle Simone]], 49, mpishi wa Amerika (''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'') na mwanamitindo wa chakula.<ref>[https://www.wbur.org/news/2026/01/07/chef-food-stylist-elle-simone-scott-dies Chef and food stylist Elle Simone Scott dies at 49]</ref>
*[[Elsje de Wijn]], 82, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[De stille Oceaan]]'', ''[[For a Lost Soldier]]'', ''[[Het 14e kippetje]]'') na mwimbaji.<ref>[https://www.nu.nl/media/6381646/karel-zangeres-elsje-de-wijn-overleden-op-82-jarige-leeftijd.html Karel-zangeres Elsje de Wijn overleden op 82-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Ken Wilcock]], 91, mkimbiaji wa mbio fupi wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/sport/25738581.tribute-sutton-harrier-ken-wilcock-died-aged-91/?ref=rss Tribute to Sutton Harrier Ken Wilcock, who has died aged 91]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii)
*[[Mike Wilson (kart racer)|Mike Wilson]], 66, mkimbiaji wa mashindano ya kart wa Uingereza, bingwa wa dunia mara sita ([[Karting World Championship|world champion]]).<ref>[https://www.kartcom.com/en/news/2026/01/05/mike-wilson-1959-2026-the-king-of-karting-takes-his-final-bow/ Mike Wilson (1959-2026): The King of Karting takes his final bow]</ref>
===6===
*[[Joe Arlooktoo]], 86, msanii wa kuona na mwanasiasa wa Kanada, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories MLA]] (1979–1991).<ref>[https://nunavutnews.com/2026/01/06/former-mla-and-mayor-joe-arlooktoo-passes-away-at-86/ Former MLA and mayor Joe Arlooktoo passes away at 86]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii)
*[[Odette Bergoffen]], 101, mpiganaji wa upinzani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/guerre-39-45/elle-avait-risque-sa-vie-pour-en-sauver-dautres-odette-bergoffen-juste-parmi-les-nations-est-morte-a-101-ans-6d1b52a8-eadb-11f0-a887-2a4cc40b8e21 Elle avait risqué sa vie pour en sauver d'autres : Odette Bergoffen, Juste parmi les Nations, est morte à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Andrzej Bogusławski]], 94, mtaalamu wa filolojia na semantiki wa Poland.<ref>[https://neofilologia.uw.edu.pl/odszedl-profesor-andrzej-boguslawski/ Odszedł Profesor Andrzej Bogusławski]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Ron Boswell]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Australia, [[Seneti ya Australia|seneta]] (1983–2014).<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-06/former-queensland-senator-ron-boswell-nationals/100104534 Former Queensland senator Ron 'Bozzie' Boswell dies aged 85]</ref>
*[[John Cunningham (actor)|John Cunningham]], 93, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[Titanic (musical)|Titanic]]'', ''[[Company (musical)|Company]]'', ''[[Mystic Pizza]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-cunningham-dad-broadway-actor-mystic-pizza-1236467917/ John Cunningham, Veteran Broadway Actor, Dies at 93]</ref>
*[[Dick Dull]], 80, mkurugenzi wa michezo wa Amerika ([[Maryland Terrapins]]).<ref>[https://umterps.com/news/2026/1/7/terrapin-athletics-former-maryland-ad-dick-dull-passes-away.aspx Former Maryland AD Dick Dull Passes Away]</ref>
*[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]], 73, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Kerala|Kerala MLA]] (2011–2021).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vk-ebrahim-kunju-iuml-leader-and-former-kerala-minister-passes-away/article70477566.ece V.K. Ebrahim Kunju, IUML leader and former Kerala Minister, passes away]</ref>
*[[Johannes Fabian]], 88, mtaalamu wa anthropolojia wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://images.nrc.nl/pqE3TqhOiO9qYNA7EKPmZYE9j68=/filters:no_upscale():format(jpeg):fill(f8f8f8,true)/s3/nrchub/clippings/NH/20260110/528-advertisement-295553_1347763_fabian10ra-521857h-21c073.png Johannes Fabian] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Alex Felipe]], 32, mchezaji wa futsal wa Brazil ([[Sporting CP (futsal)|Sporting CP]], [[MFK Norilsk Nickel|Norilsk Nickel]], [[Timu ya taifa ya futsal ya Brazil|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.championat.com/other/news-6308058-v-uhte-skonchalsya-igrok-mfk-norilskij-nikel-aleks-felipe.html В Ухте скончался 32-летний нападающий МФК «Норильский никель» Алекс Фелипе] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Angella D. Ferguson]], 100, daktari wa watoto wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/angella-ferguson-obituary?id=60507419 Angella Ferguson]</ref>
*[[Edith M. Flanigen]], 96, mwanakemia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.invent.org/inductees/edith-flanigen Edith Flanigen]</ref>
*[[Robert Goebbels]], 81, mwanasiasa wa Luxembourg, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa uchumi na biashara ya nje wa Luxembourg|waziri wa uchumi]] (1989–1999) na [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa nishati wa Luxembourg|nishati]] (1994–1999), mtia saini wa [[Mkataba wa Schengen]].<ref>[https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/schengen-signatory-robert-goebbels-passes-away-at-81-1716960005 Schengen signatory Robert Goebbels passes away at 81]</ref>
*[[Richard Hynes]], 81, mwanabiolojia wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2026/richard-hynes-dies-0123 Richard Hynes, a pioneer in the biology of cellular adhesion, dies at 81]</ref>
*[[Suresh Kalmadi]], 81, mwanasiasa na msimamizi wa michezo wa India, [[Bunge la India|Mbunge]] (1982–2014) na rais wa [[Chama cha Olimpiki cha India|IOA]] (1996–2011).<ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/former-union-minister-suresh-kalmadi-passes-away-at-81-after-prolonged-illness-13758255.html Former Union minister Suresh Kalmadi passes away at 81 after prolonged illness]</ref>
*[[Doug LaMalfa]], 65, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani]] (tangu 2013), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/06/doug-lamalfa-dies-california Doug LaMalfa, California Republican congressman, dies aged 65]</ref>
*[[József Láyer]], 70, mwanasiasa wa Hungaria, [[Bunge la Kitaifa (Hungaria)|Mbunge]] (1998–2006).<ref>[https://www.parlament.hu/web/guest/nyitolap/-/asset_publisher/S5FDl868Frny/content/elhunyt-láyer-józsef-volt-országgyűlési-képviselő Elhunyt Láyer József volt országgyűlési képviselő] {{in lang|hu}}</ref>
*[[Rhoda Levine]], 93, mwongozaji wa opera na mwanakoreografia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://operawire.com/obituary-opera-director-rhoda-levine-dies-at-93/ Obituary: Opera Director Rhoda Levine Dies at 93]</ref>
*[[Jim McBride (songwriter)|Jim McBride]], 78, mtunzi wa nyimbo za country wa Amerika ("[[Chasin' That Neon Rainbow|Chasing That Neon Rainbow]]", "[[(Who Says) You Can't Have It All]]", "[[Chattahoochee (song)|Chattahoochee]]").<ref>[https://www.waff.com/2026/01/07/alabama-music-hall-famer-huntsville-native-jim-mcbride-dies-78/ Alabama Music Hall of Famer, Huntsville native Jim McBride, dies at 78]</ref>
*[[Jack McGregor]], 91, mwanasiasa na mmiliki wa timu ya michezo wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Seneti ya Jimbo la Pennsylvania]] (1963–1970) na mwanzilishi wa [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/jack-mcgregor-dies-pittsburgh-penguins/ Jack McGregor, original founder of Pittsburgh Penguins, dies at 91]</ref>
*[[Kathleen Muxel]], 54, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe wa [[Landtag ya Brandenburg]] (tangu 2019).<ref>[https://www.n-tv.de/regionales/berlin-und-brandenburg/AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete-Muxel-gestorben-id30210190.html AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete Muxel gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Raffaele Nogaro]], 92, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu wa [[Jimbo la Sessa Aurunca]] (1982–1990) na wa [[Jimbo la Caserta]] (1990–2009).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnogaro.html Bishop Raffaele Nogaro †]</ref>
*[[John F. O'Donohue]], 79, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[NYPD Blue]]'', ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', ''[[The Family Man]]'').<ref>[https://lowtherfamily.com/obituaries/john-f-odonohue/ John F. O'Donohue]</ref>
*[[Saeid Pirdoost]], 85, mwigizaji wa Iran (''[[Snake Fang]]'', ''[[Son of Adam, Daughter of Eve]]'', ''[[Great Award]]''), saratani.<ref>[https://en.mehrnews.com/news/240504/Veteran-Iranian-actor-Saeid-Pirdoost-passes-away Veteran Iranian actor Saeid Pirdoost passes away]</ref>
*[[Claude Pivi]], 66, afisa wa jeshi wa Guinea, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa kisukari.<ref>[https://globalnation.inquirer.net/304660/guinea-ex-security-chief-convicted-over-crimes-against-humanity-dies Guinea ex-security chief convicted over crimes against humanity dies]</ref>
*[[Jaap Pop]], 84, mwanasiasa wa Uholanzi, meya wa [[Haarlem]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden Oud-burgemeester Jaap Pop overleden] {{Wayback|url=https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden |date=20260201234641 }} {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[David Quail]], 88, mwanasiasa na mwelimishaji wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mkoa wa Gauteng]] (1999–2009).<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/da-gauteng-mourns-passing-of-former-mpl-david-quai DA Gauteng mourns passing of former MPL David Quail]</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}
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{{Deaths in month lead}}
==Januari 2026==
===1===
*[[Stuart Altman]], 88, Mchumi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hudsonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/stuart-altman Stuart Harold Altman]</ref>
*[[Marat Amankulov]], 55, Mwanasiasa wa Kyrgyzstan, Mbunge wa [[Baraza Kuu (Kyrgyzstan)|Supreme Council]] (2015–2021).<ref>[https://akipress.com/news:871212:Former_Speaker_of_Bishkek_City_Council_Marat_Amankulov_passes_away/ Former Speaker of Bishkek City Council Marat Amankulov passes away]</ref>
*[[Yvan Aumont]], 87, Mhandisi na mwandishi wa habari wa Ufaransa (''[[Lys rouge]]'').<ref>[https://www.actionfrancaise.net/2026/01/03/communique-daction-francaise-un-camelot-du-roi-exemplaire/ Communiqué d'Action française – Un camelot du roi exemplaire] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Alan Baker (mchezaji mpira)|Alan Baker]], 81, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]).<ref>[https://www.expressandstar.com/sport/2026/01/04/walsall-confirm-death-of-former-saddlers-and-aston-villa-creative-favourite-alan-baker/ Walsall confirm death of former Saddlers and Aston Villa creative favourite Alan Baker]</ref>
*[[Allyn Bromley]], 97, Msanii wa sanaa za uoni na mwalimu wa sanaa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.oahumortuary.com/obituaries/Allyn-Bromley-Baron?obId=46910430 Allyn Bromley-Baron]</ref>
*[[Xesús Cañedo]], 67, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mwanzilishi mwenza wa chama cha [[Partíu Asturianista]].<ref>[https://www.elcomercio.es/obituarios/fallece-xesus-canedo-referente-asturianismo-politico-cultural-20260101184030-nt.html Fallece Xesús Cañedo, referente del asturianismo político y cultural] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Lana Chornohorska]], 26, Askari wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://24tv.ua/lana-chornogorska-zaginula-fronti-1-sichnya-2026-shho-vidomo_n2982033 "Це велика втрата": na fronti zagynula operatorka droniv i mystkynya Lana Chornohorska] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>
*[[Diane Crump]], 77, Mpanda farasi na mkufunzi wa farasi wa Marekani, glioblastoma.<ref>[https://www.lex18.com/news/covering-kentucky/diane-crump-the-first-female-jockey-to-run-the-kentucky-derby-dies-at-77 Diane Crump, the first female jockey to race in the Kentucky Derby, dies at 77]</ref>
*[[Nexhat Daci]], 81, Mwanasiasa wa Kosovo, Kaimu [[Rais wa Kosovo]] (2006) na [[Spika wa Bunge la Kosovo]] (2001–2006).<ref>[https://telegrafi.com/figura-e-shquar-e-politikes-dhe-shkences-lideret-politike-shprehin-dhimbjen-dhe-mirenjohje-per-nexhat-dacin/ Figura e shquar e politikës dhe shkencës - liderët politikë shprehin dhimbjen dhe mirënjohjen për Nexhat Dacin] {{in lang|sq}}</ref>
*[[Brian Doyle (mwandishi wa Kanada)|Brian Doyle]], 90, Mwandishi wa Kanada.<ref>[https://ca.news.yahoo.com/brian-doyle-celebrated-ottawa-author-201928651.html Brian Doyle, celebrated Ottawa author, dies at age 90]</ref>
*[[Yehezkel Dror]], 97, Mwanasayansi wa siasa wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Austria.<ref>[https://kula.co.il/news/71762 פרופסور יחזקאל דרור, חתן פרס ישראל, מת בגיל 98] {{in lang|he}}</ref>
*[[Imants Freibergs]], 91, Mwanasayansi wa kompyuta wa Latvia, [[Wenza wa Marais wa Latvia|First Gentleman]] (1999–2007).<ref>[https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/diplomacy/01.01.2026-ex-president-vike-freibergas-husband-imants-freibergs-dies.a628374/ Ex-president Vīķe-Freiberga's husband Imants Freibergs dies]</ref>
*[[James Grauerholz]], 72, Mwandishi wa Marekani, nimonia.<ref>[https://simonwarner.substack.com/p/obituary-8-james-grauerholz%20Obituary%20#8:%20James%20Grauerholz]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Obituary #8: James Grauerholz</ref>
*[[Mohammed Harbi]], 92, Mwanahistoria wa Algeria.<ref>[https://ultraalgeria.ultrasawt.com/وفاة-مؤرخ-الثورة-الجزائرية-محمد-حربي/فريق-التحرير/أخبار وفاة مؤرخ الثورة الجزائرية محمد حربي] {{in lang|ar}}</ref>
*[[Huang Dongbi]], 86, Mwanadiplomasia wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316978 中国驻瓦努阿图原大使、驻美国芝加哥原总领事黄东璧逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Morris Kahn]], 95, Mtendaji wa sekta ya mawasiliano wa Israeli mzaliwa wa Afrika Kusini, mwanzilishi wa [[Golden Pages]], [[Amdocs]] na [[Aurec Group]].<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/billionaire-philanthropist-morris-kahn-dies-at-age-95/ Billionaire philanthropist Morris Kahn dies at 95]</ref>
*[[Harvey C. Krautschun]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la South Dakota]] (1985–1996).<ref>[https://www.fidler-isburgfuneralchapels.com/obituaries/harvey-krautschun Harvey C. Krautschun]</ref>
*[[Hiroshi Kume]], 81, Mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Japani, saratani ya mapafu.<ref>[https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20260113/p2a/00m/0et/002000c Famed TV presenter Hiroshi Kume passes away at 81]</ref>
*[[John Langdon (mchoraji chapa)|John Langdon]], 79, Mchoraji chapa na mbunifu wa picha wa Marekani.<ref>[https://punyamishra.com/2026/01/04/remembering-john-langdon/ Remembering John Langdon]</ref>
*[[Arno Liiver]], 71, Muigizaji wa Estonia (''[[Spring (filamu ya 1969)|Spring]]'', ''[[Summer (filamu ya 1976)|Summer]]'', ''[[Autumn (filamu ya 1990)|Autumn]]'').<ref>[https://kultuur.err.ee/1609899628/suri-arno-talit-kehastanud-naitleja-arno-liiver Suri Arno Talit kehastanud näitleja Arno Liiver] {{in lang|et}}</ref>
*[[Arnold Long]], 85, Mchezaji kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Sussex County Cricket Club|Sussex]], [[Marylebone Cricket Club|MCC]], [[Surrey County Cricket Club|Surrey]]), saratani.<ref>[https://www.kiaoval.com/arnold-long-1940-2026-obituary/ Arnold Long (1940-2026) - Obituary]</ref>
*[[Volodymyr Marchenko]], 103, Mwanahisabati wa Ukraine ([[Mlinganyo wa Marchenko|Marchenko equation]], [[Mgawanyo wa Marchenko–Pastur|Marchenko–Pastur distribution]]).<ref>[https://www.nas.gov.ua/news/z-glibokim-sumom-spovishchayemo-shcho-1-sichnya-cr-na-104-mu-roci-pishov-iz-zhittya-vidatniy-ukranskiy-matematik-ta-organizator-nauki-akademik-nan-ukrani-volodimir-oleksandrovich-marchenko З глибоким сумом сповіщаємо, що 1 січня ц.р. на 104-му році пішов із життя видатний український математик та організатор науки academician of the NAS of Ukraine Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Marchenko] {{in lang|uk}}</ref>
*[[Hélio Mauro]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Brazil, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Brazil)|deputy]] (1975–1978), [[Orodha ya mameya wa Goiânia|Meya wa Goiânia]] (1978–1979), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://anapolis.tribunadoplanalto.com.br/ex-prefeito-de-goiania-na-decada-de-1970-helio-mauro-umbelino-lobo-morre-em-anapolis Ex-prefeito de Goiânia na década de 1970, Hélio Mauro Umbelino Lobo morre em Anápolis] {{in lang|pt}}</ref>
*[[Paul McCullagh Jr.]], 25, Bondia wa Ireland ya Kaskazini, saratani ya mifupa.<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/sport/other-sport/paul-mccullagh-jr-boxer-dies-age-25-father-confirms-heartbreaking-cause-of-death-5461203 Paul McCullagh Jr: Boxer dies age 25 as father confirms heartbreaking cause of death]</ref>
*[[Colin McDonald (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1930)|Colin McDonald]], 95, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Oxford United F.C.|Headington United]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Uingereza|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.burnleyexpress.net/sport/football/burnley-pay-tribute-to-their-former-great-and-england-goalkeeper-colin-mcdonald-5463161 Burnley pay tribute to their former great and England goalkeeper Colin McDonald]</ref>
*[[Enric Mestre]], 89, Mchongaji sanamu wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/comunidad-valenciana/fallece-anos-enric-mestre-referente-mundial-ceramica-20260101195353-nt.html Fallece a los 89 años Enric Mestre, referente mundial de la cerámica] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Mukhsin Mukhamadiev]], 59, Mchezaji mpira wa Tajikistan na Urusi ([[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Tajikistan|timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Urusi|timu ya taifa ya Urusi]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa ya Tajikistan).<ref>[https://tass.ru/sport/26070203 Умер бывший футболист "Спартака" Мухсин Мухамадиев] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[James Munby|Sir James Munby]], 77, Jaji wa Uingereza, [[Rais wa Kitengo cha Familia cha Mahakama Kuu]] (2013–2018), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.judiciary.uk/death-of-sir-james-munby/ Death of Sir James Munby]</ref>
*[[Hubertus von Pilgrim]], 94, Mchongaji sanamu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/landkreismuenchen/hubertus-von-pilgrim-tod-bildhauer-muenchen-todesmarsch-mahnmal-li.3363292 Skulpteur der Erinnerung] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Gregory de Polnay]], 82, Muigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Dixon of Dock Green]]'', ''[[Doctor Who]]'', ''[[Howards' Way]]'').<ref>[https://www.simplifia.fr/avis-de-deces/gregory-peter-de-polnay-poitiers Monsieur Gregory, Peter de Polnay]</ref>
*[[Karen Poutasi|Dame Karen Poutasi]], 76, Afisa wa afya ya jamii wa New Zealand, [[Wizara ya Afya (New Zealand)|Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Afya]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/583060/dame-karen-poutasi-first-female-director-general-of-health-dies-aged-76 Dame Karen Poutasi, first female director-general of health, dies aged 76]</ref>
*[[Candy Raymond]], 75, Muigizaji wa kike wa Australia (''[[Don's Party (filamu)|Don's Party]]'', ''[[Number 96 (kipindi cha TV)|Number 96]]'', ''[[Prisoner (kipindi cha TV)|Prisoner]]'').<ref>[https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-deaths/tributes-paid-to-australian-actor-candy-raymond-who-has-died-aged-75/news-story/39b6ff45f0e2a8eec3a17788621b6bc6 Tributes paid to Australian actor Candy Raymond who has died aged 75]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii)
*[[Amit Saar]], 47, Afisa wa ujasusi wa Israeli, mkuu wa [[Kitengo cha Utafiti (Aman)|Military Intelligence Research Department]] (2020–2024), saratani ya ubongo.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/amit-saar-top-idf-intelligence-officer-on-oct-7-dies-of-cancer-at-47/amp/ Amit Saar, top IDF intelligence officer on Oct. 7, dies of cancer at 47]</ref>
*[[Roland Schäfer]], 76, Mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, meya wa [[Bergkamen]] (1998–2020).<ref>[https://www.wa.de/lokales/bergkamen/31-jahre-fuer-die-stadt-frueherer-buergermeister-roland-schaefer-gestorben-bergkamen-94105418.html 31 Jahre für Bergkamen: Früherer Bürgermeister Roland Schäfer gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo]], 80, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Angola, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Luanda|Luanda]] (1990–1992) na askofu wa [[Jimbo la Mbanza Congo|Mbanza Congo]] (1992–2008).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bshyh.html Bishop Serafim Shyngo-Ya-Hombo, O.F.M. Cap. †]</ref>
*[[Margaret Anne Staggers]], 79, Mwanasiasa wa Marekani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe la West Virginia]] (2007–2014).<ref>[https://www.lootpress.com/former-fayette-county-delegate-and-physician-dr-margaret-staggers-has-passed-away/ Former Fayette County delegate and physician Dr. Margaret Staggers has passed away]</ref>
*[[Hessy Levinsons Taft]], 91, Mwanakemia na mwanamitindo mtoto wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-whose-baby-photo-was-chosen-by-goebbels-as-aryan-exemplar-dies-at-91/ Jewish woman whose baby photo was chosen by Goebbels as Aryan exemplar dies at 91]</ref>
*[[Linda S. Wilson]], 89, Mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo cha Radcliffe]] (1989–1999).<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/linda-wilson-memorial?id=60613372 Linda S. Wilson]</ref>
*[[Ruben Yesayan]], 79, Rubani wa majaribio wa Urusi na Armenia.<ref>[https://www.mk.ru/politics/2026/01/01/umer-zasluzhennyy-letchikispytatel-ruben-esayan-kritikovavshiy-sukhoy-superdzhet.html Умер заслуженный летчик-испытатель Рубен Есаян, критиковавший «Сухой суперджет»] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Yuen Cheung-yan]], 68, Muigizaji wa Hong Kong (''[[The Miracle Fighters]]'', ''[[Drunken Tai Chi]]'', ''[[Flying Dagger]]''), mwongozaji, na mhusika wa mapambano (martial arts choreographer).<ref>[https://www.mirrormedia.mg/external/setn_1775096 港星病逝!享壽69歲 妻證實噩耗] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Valentin Zakharov]], 92, Mcheza rinking wa kuteleza kwenye barafu (figure skater) wa Urusi.<ref>[https://fsrussia.ru/news/novosti/ushel-iz-zhizni-pervyj-sovetskij-figurist-uchastnik-chempionatov-evropy-i-mira-zakharov-valentin-dmitrievich Ушел из жизни первый советский фигурист – участник чемпионатов Европы и мира Захаров Валентин Дмитриевич] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
===2===
*[[Ritva Auvinen]], 93, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Finland.<ref>[https://www.hs.fi/kulttuuri/art-2000011727190.html Ihana ja ihmeellinen karjalainen, muistelee Sinikka Sokka tätiään Ritva Auvista] {{in lang|fi}}</ref>
*[[Ian Balding]], 87, Mkufunzi wa farasi wa Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |title=Ian Balding, legendary trainer of Mill Reef, dies aged 87 |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411140316/https://www.racingpost.com/news/britain/ian-balding-legendary-trainer-of-mill-reef-dies-aged-87-a5bJS8j5ONlj/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Sukumar Barua]], 87, Mshairi wa Bangladesh.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |title=Rhymester Sukumar Barua passes away |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103231936/https://www.daily-sun.com/bangladesh/849368/rhymester-sukumar-barua-passes-away |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Bobby Baxter (mchezaji mpira, alizaliwa 1937)|Bobby Baxter]], 88, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]], [[Darlington F.C.|Darlington]], [[Torquay United F.C.|Torquay United]]).<ref>[https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-article/rip-bobby-baxter RIP Bobby Baxter]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii)
*[[Shyam Bihari Lal]], 60, Mwanasiasa wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh MLA]] (tangu 2017), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.indiatvnews.com/uttar-pradesh/bjp-mla-shyam-bihari-lal-passes-away-after-heart-attack-in-bareilly-cm-yogi-expresses-grief-reactions-latest-updates-2026-01-02-1024230 Shyam Bihari Lal, BJP MLA, dies in Bareilly a day after celebrating his 60th birthday, CM Yogi expresses grief]</ref>
*[[Carmen Arnold Biucchi]], 78, Mtaalamu wa sarafu za kale (numismatist) na mwanaakiolojia wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/in-memoriam-carmen-arnold-biucchi-respected-numismatist-and-educator/ In memoriam: Carmen Arnold-Biucchi, respected numismatist and educator]</ref>
*[[Dominique Bucchini]], 82, Mwanasiasa wa Ufaransa, Mbunge wa [[Orodha ya wabunge wa Bunge la Ulaya (1979–1984)|Bunge la Ulaya]] (1979–1984) na meya wa [[Sartène]] (1977–2001).<ref>[https://france3-regions.franceinfo.fr/corse/ancien-president-de-l-assemblee-de-corse-et-maire-de-sartene-dominique-bucchini-est-decede-3275588.html Ancien président de l'Assemblée de Corse et maire de Sartène, Dominique Bucchini est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Tony Carr (mpiga ngoma)|Tony Carr]], 98, Mpiga ngoma wa kurekodi (session drummer) na mpiga vyombo vya mdundo wa Malta ([[CCS (bendi)|CCS]], [[Hot Chocolate]]).<ref>[https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949 Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies aged 98]</ref>
*[[Jean-Max Causse]], 85, Muigizaji wa Ufaransa (''[[I Stand Alone (filamu)|I Stand Alone]]'').<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/disparitions/article/2026/01/07/jean-max-causse-exploitant-de-cinemas-et-grand-nom-de-la-cinephilie-parisienne-est-mort_6660907_3382.html Jean-Max Causse, exploitant de cinémas et grand nom de la cinéphilie parisienne, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Bohdan Chufus]], 75, Mwandishi wa habari, muigizaji na mwimbaji wa Ukraine.<ref>[https://intent.press/en/news/society/2026/odesa-reports-the-death-of-artist-bohdan-chufus Odesa reports the death of artist Bohdan Chufus]</ref>
*[[Jenny Collins]], 83, Mtangazaji wa redio wa Uingereza ([[BBC Radio Merseyside]]).<ref>[https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/bbc-radio-merseyside-founding-member-33159202 BBC Radio Merseyside founding member dies as tributes paid]</ref>
*[[Patrick Duffy (mwanasiasa wa Uingereza)|Sir Patrick Duffy]], 105, Mwanasiasa wa Uingereza, Mbunge wa [[Bunge la Uingereza]] (1963–1966, 1970–1992) na rais wa [[Baraza la Kibunge la NATO]] (1988–1990).<ref>[https://www.irishpost.com/news/sir-patrick-duffy-britains-oldest-living-former-mp-passes-away-at-the-age-of-105-302829 Sir Patrick Duffy, Britain's oldest living former MP, passes away at the age of 105]</ref>
*[[Toshio Fujii]], 83, Mwanasiasa wa Japani, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Washauri]] (1998–2004), kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.hokkaido-np.co.jp/article/1261959/ 藤井俊男さん死去 元民主党参院議員] {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
*[[Francis Grant (mwanajeshi wa majini)|Francis Grant]], 101, Mwanajeshi wa majini wa Uingereza na mkongwe wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia.<ref>[https://www.the-gazette.co.uk/news/national/25747297.d-day-veteran-escorted-allied-troops-landing-normandy-dies-aged-101/ D-Day veteran who escorted allied troops landing in Normandy dies aged 101]</ref>
*[[Stephen E. Haggerty]], 87, Mwanafizikia wa ardhi (geophysicist) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.miningweekly.com/article/diamond-legend-steve-haggerty-has-died-2026-01-05 Diamond legend Steve Haggerty has died]</ref>
*[[Evan Hammond]], 45, Mtangazaji wa redio na mtangazaji wa michezo wa Kanada ([[CJAV-FM]]), kiharusi.<ref>[https://cheknews.ca/he-was-awesome-fans-grieve-death-of-beloved-island-radio-host-1297611/ 'He was awesome': Fans grieve death of beloved Island radio host]</ref>
*[[Sidney Kibrick]], 97, Muigizaji wa Marekani (''[[Our Gang]]'').<ref>[https://extratv.com/2026/01/06/sidney-kibrick-last-of-the-our-gang-kids-dies-at-97/ Sidney Kibrick, Last of the 'Our Gang' Kids, Dies at 97]</ref>
*[[Kristi Kiick]], 58, Msomi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://rtfoard.com/obituary/kristi-l-kiick/ Kristi L. Kiick]</ref>
*[[Elbert Kimbrough]], 87, Mchezaji wa mpira wa Kimarekani (American football) ([[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Los Angeles Rams]], [[New Orleans Saints]]).<ref>[https://www.galesburg.com/obituaries/pils1375723 Elbert Leon Kimbrough]</ref>
*[[Anna Kurek (mwanachama wa harakati za uasi)|Anna Kurek]], 96, Muuguzi wa Poland na mshiriki wa [[Uasi wa Warsaw]].<ref>[https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7789/Artykul/3629594,anna-kurek-medic-of-the-1944-warsaw-uprising-has-died%20Anna%20Kurek,%20medic%20of%20the%201944%20Warsaw%20Uprising%20has%20died] Anna Kurek, medic of the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, has died</ref>
*[[Paul C. Lambert]], 97, Mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani, balozi nchini [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Marekani nchini Ecuador|Ecuador]] (1990–1992).<ref>[https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/paul-lambert Paul Lambert '46, Former Trustee, Dies at 97]</ref>
*[[Barbara Lawrence (meneja wa vipaji)|Barbara Lawrence]], 82, Meneja wa vipaji wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/barbara-lawrence-dead-manager-hollywood-1236472853/ Barbara Lawrence, Longtime Manager in Hollywood, Dies at 82]</ref>
*[[Johnny Legend]], 77, Mwanamuziki wa rockabilly, mtayarishaji wa filamu na meneja wa mieleka wa Marekani, kiharusi na kufeli kwa moyo.<ref>[https://www.f4wonline.com/news/daily-updates/daily-update-njpw-wrestle-kingdom-20-cmll-sin-salida-johnny-legend/ Daily Update: NJPW Wrestle Kingdom 20, CMLL Sin Salida, Johnny Legend]</ref>
*[[Vladimir Lukić]], 92, Mwanasiasa wa Kiserbia wa Bosnia, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wakuu wa Republika Srpska|Waziri Mkuu wa Republika Srpska]] (1993–1994).<ref>[https://www.unibl.org/sr/vesti/2026/01/preminuo-prof-vladimir-lukic Преминуо проф. Владимир Лукић] {{in lang|sr}}</ref>
*[[David E. Mitchell]], 75, Mwanaharakati wa matibabu wa Marekani, mwanzilishi wa [[Patients for Affordable Drugs Now]], ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (multiple myeloma).<ref>[https://cancerletter.com/obituary/20260109_5/ Patient advocate David Mitchell, 75, dies of multiple myeloma]</ref>
*[[Ashok Gajanan Modak]], 85, Mwanasiasa and msomi wa India, Mbunge wa [[Baraza la Kutunga Sheria la Maharashtra|Maharashtra MLC]] (1994–2006).<ref>[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/former-mlc-ashok-modak-passes-away-at-85/3243670 Former MLC Ashok Modak passes away at 85]</ref>
*[[Con Pederson]], 91, Msanii wa madoido ya picha (visual effects) wa Marekani (''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'', ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]'', ''[[Garfield: The Movie]]'').<ref>[https://variety.com/2026/film/news/con-pederson-dead-2001-a-space-odyssey-1236624108/ Con Pederson, '2001: A Space Odyssey' Special Effects Supervisor, Dies at 91]</ref>
*[[Valery Fyodorovich Plotnikov]], 82, Mpiga picha wa Urusi.<ref>[https://vecherka-spb.ru/2026/01/02/v-peterburge-umer-snimavshii-visotskogo-fotograf-valerii-plotnikov В Петербурге умер снимавший Высоцкого фотограф Валерий Плотников] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Tim Robertson]], 81, Muigizaji wa Australia mzaliwa wa Uingereza (''[[Chances (kipindi cha TV)|Chances]]'', ''[[Australia You're Standing In It]]'', ''[[Stingers (kipindi cha TV)|Stingers]]'').<ref>[https://tvtonight.com.au/2026/01/vale-tim-robertson.html Vale: Tim Robertson]</ref> (tangazo la kifo katika tarehe hii)
*[[Lajos Rovátkay]], 92, Mpiga kinubi cha kale (harpsichordist) na mwanamuziki wa Ujerumani mzaliwa wa Hungary.<ref>[https://haydneum.com/rovatkay-lajostol-bucsuzunk/ Rovátkay Lajostól búcsúzunk] {{in lang|hu}}</ref>
*[[Saleh Rusheidat]], 80, Mwanasiasa wa Jordan, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi (Jordan)|Baraza la Wawakilishi]] (1993–1997) na [[Baraza la Seneti (Jordan)|Seneti]] (tangu 2009).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |title=PM Mourns Former Deputy Prime Minister, Minister Saleh Irshaidat |accessdate=2026-05-19 |archive-date=2026-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260105094008/https://pt1.petra.gov.jo/en/news/pm-mourns-former-deputy-prime-minister-minister-saleh-irshaidat |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Edith Renfrow Smith]], 111, Mtu aliyeishi miaka mingi sana (supercentenarian) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2026/01/04/edith-renfrow-smith-obit Edith Renfrow Smith, a 'memory keeper' and living link to history, dies at 111]</ref>
*[[Phoenix Spicer]], 23, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[North Melbourne Football Club|North Melbourne]]), aneurysm ya ubongo.<ref>[https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/former-afl-player-phoenix-spicer-dies-as-heartbroken-family-and-football-figures-pay-tribute-c-21196271 Former AFL player Phoenix Spicer dies as heartbroken family and football figures pay tribute]</ref>
*[[Bob Taylor (mchezaji mpira wa Australia)|Bob Taylor]], 94, Mchezaji wa [[Sheria za Mpira wa miguu za Australia|mpira wa miguu wa Australia]] ([[Essendon Football Club|Essendon]]).<ref>[https://www.mytributes.com.au/notice/death-notices/taylor-robert-william/6340307/ Taylor, Robert William]</ref>
*[[Ivanne Trebbi]], 97, Mwanaharakati wa uasi (partisan) na mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1979–1987).<ref>[https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2026/01/02/news/ivonne_trebbi_morta_partigiana_bruna_castel_maggiore-425072270/ Ivonne Trebbi è morta, addio alla partigiana Bruna. Aveva 97 anni] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Jim Willis (mtupaji mpira wa miaka ya 1950)|Jim Willis]], 98, Mchezaji wa mpira wa magongo (baseball) wa Marekani ([[Chicago Cubs]]).<ref>[https://www.kramerfunerals.com/obituaries/obituary-listings?obId=46849117 James Gladden Willis]</ref>
*[[Horst Witzler]], 93, Meneja wa mpira wa miguu wa Ujerumani ([[Schwarz-Weiß Essen]], [[Borussia Dortmund]], [[Alemannia Aachen]]).<ref>[https://www.wirtrauern.de/traueranzeige/horst-witzler Horst Witzler] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Robert Wolski]], 43, Mwanariadha wa Olimpiki wa kuruka juu wa Poland ([[Riadha katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004 – Kuruka juu kwa Wanaume|2004]]), ajali ya barabarani.<ref>[https://sport.fakt.pl/inne-sporty/robert-wolski-nie-zyje-olimpijczyk-z-aten-zmarl-po-wypadku/vcln04y Tragiczna śmierć polskiego olimpijczyka. Robert Wolski nie żyje] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Nellie Wong]], 91, Mshairi wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.kearnystreet.org/blog/2026/1/5/remembering-nellie-wong Remembering Nellie Wong]</ref>
*[[Mirosław Zdanowicz]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa kijamii wa Poland.<ref>[https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Zmarl-Miroslaw-Zdanowicz-przedsiebiorca-i-legenda-sportu-n212613.html Zmarł Mirosław Zdanowicz - przedsiębiorca i legenda sportu] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
===3===
*[[Hushang Ansary]], 98, Mwanadiplomasia na mwanasiasa wa Iran na Marekani, waziri wa [[Wizara ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi na Fedha (Iran)|fedha]] (1974–1977) na [[Wizara ya Habari na Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Iran|habari]] (1971–1974), [[Orodha ya mabalozi wa Iran nchini Marekani|Balozi nchini Marekani]] (1967–1969), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://antilliaansdagblad.com/nieuws-menu/curacao/32228-hushang-ansary-98-overleden Hushang Ansary (98) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Jamil Azar]], 89, Mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa Jordan, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa [[Al Jazeera]].<ref>[https://www.raialyoum.com/وفاة-الإعلامي-الأردني-جميل-عازر-أحد-مؤ/ وفاة الإعلامي الأردني جميل عازر أحد مؤسسي قناة "الجزيرة" القطرية] {{in lang|ar}}</ref>
*[[Dietmar Bachmann]], 91, Mwanasiasa wa Austria, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Tyrol]] (1965–1994).<ref>[https://www.tt.com/artikel/30925089/langjaehriger-tiroler-oevp-mandatar-bachmann-91-jaehrig-verstorben Langjähriger Tiroler ÖVP-Mandatar Bachmann 91-jährig verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Claude-Inga Barbey]], 64, Mchekeshaji, mwandishi, na muigizaji wa kike wa Uswisi (''[[The Death of Mario Ricci]]'').<ref>[https://www.tdg.ch/claude-inga-barbey-la-comedienne-genevoise-decede-a-64-ans-287385327444 La comédienne genevoise Claude-Inga Barbey s'en est allée] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Stephen E. Braude]], 80, Mwanafalsafa wa Marekani.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/las-vegas-nv/stephen-braude-12691825 Stephen Edward Braude]</ref>
*[[Natale Carlotto]], 94, Mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|senator]] (1987–1994) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute (Italia)|deputy]] (1976–1987).<ref>[https://www.rainews.it/tgr/piemonte/articoli/2026/01/morto-a-94-anni-lex-senatore-natale-carlotto-3f13e9b1-91f3-4f88-bb6c-40b7a65599c0.html Morto a 94 anni l'ex senatore Natale Carlotto] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Francesco Paolo Casavola]], 94, Mwanasheria wa Italia, [[Orodha ya marais wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Italia|Rais wa Mahakama ya Katiba]] (1992–1995).<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/cultura/26_gennaio_04/morto-francesco-paolo-casavola-diritto-come-missione-230d08fa-e9a0-11f0-9bf4-5e5c7de4860b.shtml Morto Francesco Paolo Casavola, il diritto come missione] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Frédéric Cerdal]], 81, Muigizaji na mwongozaji wa jukwaani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=1000184421.html Il prêtait sa voix à une légende du cinéma : le comédien français Frédéric Cerdal nous a quittés à l'âge de 81 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Maria Eugènia Cuenca]], 78, Mwanasiasa wa Hispania, mjumbe wa [[Bunge la Catalonia|Bunge la Catalan]] (1999–2006) na [[Baraza la Wana-depute]] (1986–1992).<ref>[https://www.3cat.cat/3catinfo/mor-maria-eugenia-cuenca-la-primera-dona-que-va-ser-consellera-de-la-generalitat/noticia/3387804/ Mor Maria Eugènia Cuenca, la primera dona que va ser consellera de la Generalitat] {{in lang|ca}}</ref>
*[[Anthony Fletcher]], 84, Mwanahistoria wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/comment/register/article/births-marriages-and-deaths-january-23-2026-50z7rqgv8 Fletcher] {{paywall}}</ref>
*[[Gerry Gable]], 88, Mwanaharakati wa siasa na mhariri wa jarida wa Uingereza (''[[Searchlight (jarida)|Searchlight]]'').<ref>[https://searchlightmagazine.com/2026/01/gerry-gable-1937-2026/ Gerry Gable (1937–2026)]</ref>
*[[Franz Herre]], 99, Mwandishi wa habari na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://trauer.merkur.de/traueranzeige/franz-herre Franz Herre] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Marvalene Hughes]], 88, Muelimishaji na msimamizi wa kitaaluma wa Marekani, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la California, Stanislaus]] (1994–2005) na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dillard]] (2005–2011).<ref>[https://peoplesfuneralhometuskegeeal.com/obituaries/marvalene-hughes/ Marvalene Hughes]</ref>
*[[Mesut İktu]], 78, Mwimbaji wa opera wa Uturuki (baritone).<ref>[https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur/opera-sanatcisi-prof-dr-mesut-iktu-vefat-etti/3788714 Opera sanatçısı Prof. Dr. Mesut İktu vefat etti] {{in lang|tr}}</ref>
*[[Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo]], 89, Kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki wa Colombia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo la Pereira|Pereira]] (1984–1987), askofu wa [[Jimbo la Málaga–Soatá|Málaga–Soatá]] (1987–2001) na wa [[Jimbo la Buga|Buga]] (2001–2012).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgiraj.html Bishop Hernán Giraldo Jaramillo †]</ref>
*[[Nālani Kanakaʻole]], 79, Mwalimu wa densi ya hula ([[kumu hula]]) wa Marekani.<ref>[https://mauinow.com/2026/01/05/nalani-kanaka{{okina}}ole-revered-kumu-hula-and-cultural-matriarch-passes-at-79/ Nālani Kanaka{{okina}}ole, revered Kumu Hula and cultural matriarch, passes at 79]</ref>
*[[Latif Karimi]], Mprotestaji wa Iran, brigedia jenerali wa [[Jeshi la Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislamu]], [[Maandamano ya Iran ya 2025–2026|alipigwa risasi]].<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-31 گزارش ههنگاو از جانباختن لطیف کریمی با شلیک مستقیم نیروهای حکومتی/ تلاش حکومت برای مصادره و وارونهسازی واقعیت] {{in lang|fa}}</ref>
*[[David M. Maddox]], 87, Jenerali wa jeshi la Marekani.<ref>[https://blackhorse.org/e-news-january-2026/ E-News — January 2026]</ref>
*[[Guðmundur Oddur Magnússon]], 70, Msanii na msomi wa Iceland.<ref>[https://www.ruv.is/frettir/innlent/2026-01-04-goddur-er-latinn-462845 Goddur er látinn] {{in lang|is}}</ref>
*[[Graham McCamley|Sir Graham McCamley]], 93, Mzalishaji wa nyama ya ng'ombe wa Australia.<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-05/australian-beef-industry-mourns-loss-of-sir-graham-mccamley-93/106198876 Tributes flow for founding father of Australian beef industry, Sir Graham McCamley]</ref>
*[[John Meredith (mchezaji mpira)|John Meredith]], 85, Mchezaji mpira wa Uingereza ([[Doncaster Rovers F.C.|Doncaster Rovers]], [[Chesterfield F.C.|Chesterfield]], [[Gillingham F.C.|Gillingham]]).<ref>[https://www.gillinghamfootballclub.com/news/john-meredith-1940-2026 John Meredith (1940 – 2026)]</ref>
*[[Errol Moorcroft]], 85, Mwanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wajumbe (Afrika Kusini)|House of Assembly]] (1981–1987, 1989–1994) na [[Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini|Bunge la Kitaifa]] (1999–2004).<ref>[https://centralnews.co.za/former-da-federal-chairperson-errol-moorcroft-has-passed-away/ Former DA Federal Chairperson Errol Moorcroft Has Passed Away]</ref>
*[[Ahmed Moujahid]], Mchezaji mpira wa Morocco ([[Wydad AC|Wydad Casablanca]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Morocco|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://rmcsport.bfmtv.com/football/equipe-maroc/ahmed-moujahid-vainqueur-de-la-can-1976-avec-le-maroc-est-mort_AV-202601040203.html Ahmed Moujahid, vainqueur de la CAN 1976 avec le Maroc, est mort] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Dastagir Hossain Nira]], 60, Mchezaji mpira wa Bangladesh ([[Abahani Limited Dhaka|Dhaka Abahani]], [[Mohammedan SC (Dhaka)|Mohammedan]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bangladesh|timu ya taifa]]), mshituko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thedailystar.net/sports/football/news/former-bangladesh-footballer-golam-dostogir-no-more-4072846 Former Bangladesh footballer Golam Dostogir no more]</ref>
*[[Pa O'Dwyer]], 40, Mwanaume mwenye nguvu (strongman) wa Ireland.<ref>[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/strongman-champion-pa-odwyer-dies-33162442 Strongman turned hilarious Instagram star dies aged 40]</ref>
*[[Sverre Anker Ousdal]], 81, Muigizaji wa Norway (''[[Insomnia (filamu ya 1997)|Insomnia]]'', ''[[Flight of the Eagle]]'', ''[[The Last Place on Earth]]'').<ref>[https://www.vg.no/rampelys/i/GxGLn4/sverre-anker-ousdal-er-doed Sverre Anker Ousdal er død] {{in lang|no}}</ref>
*[[Andrzej Paczkowski]], 87, Mwanahistoria wa Poland.<ref>[https://wyborcza.pl/alehistoria/7,121681,32505118,zmarl-prof-andrzej-paczkowski-jeden-z-najwybitniejszych-polskich.html Zmarł prof. Andrzej Paczkowski, jeden z najwybitniejszych polskich historyków] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Dimitar Penev]], 80, Mchezaji mpira wa Bulgaria ([[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]], [[Timu ya taifa ya mpira ya Bulgaria|timu ya taifa]]) na kocha (timu ya taifa).<ref>[https://www.bgnes.com/sport/the-great-coach-and-football-player-dimitar-penev-has-passed-away The great coach and football player Dimitar Penev has passed away]</ref>
*[[Jenny Plocki]], 100, Mwanaharakati wa haki za wanawake wa Ufaransa.
*[[Rolf Riehm]], 88, mtunzi wa muziki wa Ujerumani (''[[Sirenen]]''), mpiga oboe na msomi ([[Musikhochschule Frankfurt]]).<ref>[https://www.fr.de/kultur/musik/der-komponist-rolf-riehm-war-ein-aesthetischer-brigant-mit-einspruch-94112742.html Komponist Rolf Riehm ist gestorben: Immer mit Einspruch] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Randy Riley]], 63, mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/east-lansing-mi/randy-riley-12692653 Randy Joseph Riley]</ref>
*[[Eva Schloss]], 96, msururu wa Maangamizi makuu ya Wanazi na mwandishi wa wasifu wa Austria-Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.annefrank.org/en/about-us/news-and-press/news/2026/1/4/in-memoriam-eva-schloss-geiringer/ In memoriam – Eva Schloss-Geiringer]</ref>
*[[Robert K. Tanenbaum]], 83, wakili wa kesi na mwandishi wa riwaya wa Amerika, [[Orodha ya mameya wa Beverly Hills, California|meya wa Beverly Hills, California]] (1988–1989, 1992–1993), saratani.<ref>[https://aarclibrary.org/2026/01/08/former-deputy-chief-counsel-for-the-house-select-committee-on-assassinations-robert-k-tanenbaum-has-died-at-the-age-of-83/ Former Deputy Chief Counsel for the House Select Committee on Assassinations, Robert K. Tanenbaum, has died at the age of 83]</ref>
*[[Nam Singh Thapa]], 79, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Nepal ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1964 – Flyweight|1964]]), saratani.<ref>[https://thehimalayantimes.com/sports/nam-singh-thapa-nepals-first-olympian-dies Nam Singh Thapa, Nepal's first Olympian, dies]</ref>
*[[Samuel O. Thier]], 88, daktari na mwanataaluma wa Amerika, rais wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Brandeis]] (1991–1994).<ref>[https://nam.edu/news-and-insights/remembering-samuel-o-thier-iom-president-1985-1991/ Remembering Samuel O. Thier, IOM President (1985-1991)]</ref>
*[[Ivan Varshavsky]], 87, mhandisi wa Urusi na msimamizi wa njia za reli.<ref>[https://www.amur.life/people/2026/01/03/v-tynde-umer-legendarnyy-bamovec-ivan-varshavskiy В Тынде умер легендарный строитель БАМа Иван Варшавский] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Wang Zheng (vice admiral)|Wang Zheng]], 64, makamu wa amirali wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32311251 海军原副政委王征中将逝世,享年64岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Terry Wharton]], 83, mchezaji wa soka wa Uingereza ([[Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.|Wolverhampton Wanderers]], [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]).<ref>[https://www.wolves.co.uk/news/club/20260103-terry-wharton-1942-2026/ Terry Wharton | 1942-2026]</ref>
*[[William H. Yohn Jr.]], 90, mwanasheria na mwanasiasa wa Amerika, jaji wa [[Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Marekani kwa Wilaya ya Mashariki ya Pennsylvania]] (tangu 1991), mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Pennsylvania]] (1968–1980).<ref>[https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/yohn-william-hendricks-jr Yohn, William Hendricks, Jr.]</ref>
*[[Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi]], 76, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Indonesia.<ref>[https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5332042/pimpinan-pmdg-gontor-kh-amal-fathullah-zarkasyi-wafat Pimpinan PMDG Gontor KH Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi wafat] {{in lang|id}}</ref>
*[[Zhang Kerang]], 78, mwigizaji wa Kichina wa [[Peking opera]].<ref>[https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/01/05/11505292.shtml 著名京剧表演艺术家、马连良先生入室弟子张克让逝世] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
===4===
*[[Forest Able]], 93, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Syracuse Nationals]]).<ref>[https://wkusports.com/news/2026/1/6/general-wku-athletics-hall-of-famer-forest-frosty-able-passes-away WKU Athletics Hall of Famer Forest "Frosty" Able Passes Away]</ref>
*[[Ali Abu Al-Ragheb]], 79, mwanasiasa wa Jordan, [[Waziri Mkuu wa Jordan|waziri mkuu]] (2000–2003).<ref>[https://www.ammanjo.co/article/253792 رئيس الوزراء الأسبق علي ابو الراغب في ذمة الله] {{in lang|ar}}</ref>
*[[Fazalur Raheem Ashrafi]], 81, mwanachuoni wa Kiislamu wa Pakistan, mfadhili wa [[Wifaq-ul-Madaris al-Arabia]].<ref>[https://www.samaa.tv/2087344161-jamia-ashrafia-head-maulana-ashrafi-passes-away Jamia Ashrafia head Maulana Ashrafi passes away]</ref>
*[[Céline Bellot]], 55, mtaalamu wa kriminolojia na mwanataaluma wa Kanada, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.ledevoir.com/actualites/societe/946011/mort-celine-bellot-chercheuse-personnes-marginalisees Pionnière du travail social sur l'itinérance et le profilage, la chercheuse Céline Bellot s'éteint] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Mario Blasone]], 85, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Italia.<ref>[https://fip.it/ci-ha-lasciati-mario-blasone-le-condoglianze-del-presidente-petrucci-e-della-fip/ Ci ha lasciati coach Mario Blasone. Le condoglianze del presidente Petrucci. Disposto minute di silenzio] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Bob Boyer (wrestler)|Bob Boyer]], 93, mweleka wa kitaalamu wa Kanada.<ref>[https://www.flannerbuchanan.com/obituaries/robert-boyer Robert Gerald Boyer]</ref>
*[[David Branch (ice hockey)|David Branch]], 77, msimamizi wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada, kamishna wa [[Ontario Hockey League|OHL]] (1979–2024) na rais wa [[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]] (1996–2019).<ref>[https://chl.ca/ohl/article/ohl-chl-mourn-the-loss-of-david-branch-transformative-commissioner-and-hockey-visionary/ OHL, CHL Mourn the Loss of David Branch, Transformative Commissioner and Hockey Visionary]</ref>
*[[Tom Britt]], 89, mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.newyorksocialdiary.com/thomas-britt/ Remembering Thomas Britt: The Grand Entertainer of Design]</ref>
*[[Zoraida Burgos i Matheu]], 92, mwandishi wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.escriptors.cat/autors/burgosz/english Zoraida Burgos]</ref>
*[[Calbo (rapper)|Calbo]], 52, mwanamuziki wa rap wa Ufaransa ([[Ärsenik]]).<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/necrologie/le-rappeur-calbo-membre-du-duo-emblematique-aersenik-est-mort-a-lage-de-52-ans-12c200ea-e98c-11f0-9b78-7c77e15311d5 Le rappeur Calbo, membre du duo emblématique Ärsenik, est mort à l'âge de 52 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Chandrasena Thalangama]], 81, mwandishi wa habari na mtunzi wa nyimbo wa Sri Lanka.<ref>[https://dailynews.lk/2026/01/05/local/927640/veteran-lyricist-and-journalist-chandrasena-thalangama-passes-away/ Veteran Lyricist and Journalist Chandrasena Thalangama passes away]</ref>
*[[Larry M. Cherry]], 69, mtengenezaji wa mitindo ya nywele wa Amerika (''[[Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (film)|Ma Rainey's Black Bottom]]'', ''[[Malcolm X (1992 film)|Malcolm X]]'', ''[[Do the Right Thing]]'').<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/in-memoriam/2026 In Memoriam]</ref>
*[[Germaine Cousin-Zermatten]], 100, mtaalamu wa mitishamba wa Uswisi.<ref>[https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/valais/2026/article/deces-de-germaine-cousin-zermatten-gardienne-des-remedes-ancestraux-valaisans-29108760.html Gardienne des remèdes d'antan, la Valaisanne Germaine Cousin-Zermatten s'est éteinte à 100 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Jim Dennison]], 87, kocha wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Akron Zips football|Akron Zips]], [[Walsh Cavaliers football|Walsh Cavaliers]]).<ref>[https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/zips/2026/01/05/jim-dennison-died-obit-akron-zips-football-coach-walsh/77733069007/ Jim Dennison, winningest football coach at Akron and Walsh, dies]</ref>
*[[Kamiel Dierckx]], 84, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Ubelgiji ([[Mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Ubelgiji|Belgian Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.basketballbelgium.be/news/balgoochelaar-kamiel-dierckx-op-84-jarige-leeftijd-overleden/ Le magicien de bal Kamiel Dierckx est décédé à l'âge de 84 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Frank Dunlop (director)|Frank Dunlop]], 98, mwongozaji wa ukumbi wa michezo wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2026/jan/06/frank-dunlop-obituary Frank Dunlop obituary]</ref>
*[[Manuel Fernández Ilarraza]], 85, daktari wa magonjwa ya wanawake na mwanasiasa wa Hispania, [[Orodha ya marais wa Bunge la La Rioja|rais wa Bunge la La Rioja]] (1987–1988).<ref>[https://www.eldiadelarioja.es/noticia/zfa0a01e2-4243-4b79-9583f46f193b848f/202601/muere-manuel-fernandez-ilarraza-expresidente-del-parlamento Muere Manuel Fernández Ilarraza, expresidente del Parlamento] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Miloslav Fiala]], 97, kasisi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-knez-miloslav-fiala-40555863 Zemřel kněz Miloslav Fiala] {{in lang|cs}}</ref>
*[[Andy Friendly]], 74, mtayarishaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Entertainment Tonight]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/andy-friendly-dead-entertainment-tonight-1236674998/ Andy Friendly Dies: First 'Entertainment Tonight' Producer, Son Of Legendary CBS Newsman Fred Friendly Was 74]</ref>
*[[John Gaisford]], 91, askofu wa Anglikana wa Uingereza, [[Askofu wa Beverley]] (1994–2000).<ref>[https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2026/9-january/gazette/deaths/deaths Deaths]</ref>
*[[L. Ganesan]], 91, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Lok Sabha|Mbunge]] (1980–1986, 2004–2009).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/veteran-dravidian-ideologue-l-ganesan-no-more/article70469988.ece Veteran Dravidian ideologue L. Ganesan no more]</ref>
*[[Anne-Claire Goulon]], 51, mwanamke wa biashara wa Ufaransa, saratani ya matiti.<ref>[https://www.vosgesmatin.fr/societe/2026/01/04/anne-claire-goulon-ex-dirigeante-du-groupe-livio-s-est-eteinte-a-51-ans Anne-Claire Goulon, ex-dirigeante du groupe Livio, s'est éteinte à 51 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Vicki L. Gregory]], 75, mwanataaluma na mtunzi wa maktaba wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/montgomery-al/vicki-gregory-12693551 Vicki Gregory]</ref>
*[[Michel Griffon]], 77, mtaalamu wa kilimo wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://gret.org/actualite/2026/hommage-a-michel-griffon/ Hommage à Michel Griffon] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Roger Guesnerie]], 82, mwanauchumi na mwanataaluma wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ehess.fr/fr/hommage/hommage-roger-guesnerie Hommage à Roger Guesnerie] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Denise Harlow]], 55, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Maine]] (2010–2018), saratani.<ref>[https://www.sunjournal.com/2026/01/08/a-big-believer-in-justice-former-portland-lawmaker-dies-at-55/ Former Portland lawmaker Denise Harlow dies at 55]</ref>
*[[Bobby Holmes]], 93, mchezaji wa soka wa Scotland ([[St Mirren F.C.|St Mirren]]).<ref>[https://dumbartonfootballclub.com/bobby-holmes/ Bobby Holmes]</ref>
*[[Nora Ikstena]], 56, mwandishi na meneja wa utamaduni wa Latvia.<ref>[https://www.apollo.lv/8390161/muziba-devusies-rakstniece-nora-ikstena Mūžībā devusies rakstniece Nora Ikstena] {{in lang|lv}}</ref>
*[[Klaus Keitel]], 86, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe (1990–2002) na rais (1990–1998) wa [[Landtag ya Saxony-Anhalt]].<ref>[https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/erster-landtagsprasident-von-sachsen-anhalt-ist-verstorben-4176883 Erster Landtagspräsident von Sachsen-Anhalt ist verstorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[John Kershaw, 4th Baron Kershaw]], 89, mwanafalsafa wa kifalme wa Uingereza, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wakuu]] (1968–1999).<ref>[https://members.parliament.uk/member/2012/career Lord Kershaw]</ref>{{better source needed|reason=Does not give a date of death|date=January 2026}}
*[[Kim Young-in]], 85, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Dachimawa Lee]]'', ''[[No Blood No Tears]]'', ''[[Arahan]]'').<ref>[https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260104025000505 '원조 스턴트맨'...60년간 배우 활동한 김영인씨 별세] {{in lang|ko}}</ref>
*[[Wiktor Kinecki]], 96, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1976–1980).<ref>[https://zhp.pl/odszedl-na-wieczna-warte-druh-harcmistrz-wiktor-kinecki/ Odszedł na Wieczną Wartę Druh harcmistrz Wiktor Kinecki] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Graham Knight (Australian footballer)|Graham Knight]], 94, mchezaji wa [[Sheria za mpira wa miguu za Australia|soka la Australia]] ([[Fitzroy Football Club|Fitzroy]]).<ref>[https://www.smct.org.au/deceased-search/detail?id=4c03d010-15f7-f011-97fd-9cb0e349dd9d Graham Ivo Knight]</ref>
*[[Milorad Kosanović]], 75, mchezaji wa soka wa Serbia ([[FK Proleter Zrenjanin|Proleter Zrenjanin]], [[FK Vojvodina|Vojvodina]]) na meneja ([[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Malta|Timu ya taifa ya Malta]]).<ref>[https://www.danas.rs/sport/na-svoj-rodjendan-preminuo-milorad-kosanovic/ Na svoj rođendan preminuo Milorad Kosanović] {{in lang|sr}}</ref>
*[[Bernard Lemoux]], 83, mfanyabiashara wa Ufaransa, rais wa [[Stade Rennais FC]] (1973–1977).<ref>[https://www.francebleu.fr/sports/football/stade-rennais-l-ancien-president-du-club-bernard-lemoux-est-decede-6969746 Stade Rennais : l'ancien président du club Bernard Lemoux est décédé] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[George C. Lodge]], 98, mwanasiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/george-lodge-obituary?id=60478546 George Lodge]</ref>
*[[Oscar Lofton]], 87, mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Amerika ([[Boston Patriots]]) na kocha ([[Southeastern Louisiana Lions football|Southeastern Louisiana Lions]]).<ref>[https://www.churchfuneralservices.com/obituaries/oscar-lofton Oscar Warren Lofton]</ref>
*[[Naser Toure Mahama]], 60, mwanasiasa wa Ghana, [[Bunge la Ghana|Mbunge]] (tangu 2012).<ref>[https://citinewsroom.com/2026/01/ayawaso-east-mp-mahama-naser-toure-dies-after-short-illness/ Ayawaso East MP Mahama Naser Toure dies after short illness]</ref>
*[[Miloslav Masopust]], 101, jenerali wa Jamhuri ya Cheki.<ref>[https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-zemrel-valecny-veteran-miloslav-masopust-40556008 Zemřel válečný veterán Miloslav Masopust] {{in lang|cs}}</ref>
*[[Giorgos Papadakis]], 74, mwandishi wa habari na mtangazaji wa televisheni wa Ugiriki, mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1752644/o-giorgos-papadakis-sto-laiko-me-varutato-emfragma/ Έφυγε από τη ζωή ο Γιώργος Παπαδάκης ύστερα από έμφραγμα] {{in lang|el}}</ref>
*[[Daniel Pelletti]], 77, mchoraji wa Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.sudinfo.be/id1090516/article/2026-01-05/la-louviere-perd-lun-de-ses-artistes-emblematiques-daniel-pelletti-tire-sa La Louvière perd l'un de ses artistes emblématiques : Daniel Pelletti a tiré sa révérence à l'âge de 77 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Jules Radich]], 71, mwanasiasa wa New Zealand, [[meya wa Dunedin]] (2022–2025), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.odt.co.nz/star-news/star-national/former-mayor-dunedin-jules-radich-dies Former mayor of Dunedin Jules Radich dies]</ref>
*[[Michael Reagan]], 80, mchambuzi wa kisiasa wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/latest-news-trump-maduro_n_695bb603e4b0d6beb5fd9469/liveblog_695d80b5e4b0b693af45947f Michael Reagan, Eldest Son Of Ronald Reagan, Has Died]</ref>
*[[Donald C. Rogers]], 94, mhandisi wa sauti wa Amerika (''[[Rocky]]'', ''[[The Shawshank Redemption]]'', ''[[Star Trek: The Motion Picture]]'').<ref>[https://deadline.com/2026/01/donald-c-rogers-dies-94-1236676997/ Donald C. Rogers Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Rocky', 'Little Shop of Horrors' & 'The Goonies' Sound Director Was 94]</ref>
*[[Marissa Sanchez]], 69, mchezaji wa tenisi wa Ufilipino.<ref>[https://punto.com.ph/70s-phl-tennis-star-marissa-sanchez-dies-at-69/ '70s PHL tennis star Marissa Sanchez dies at 69]</ref>
*[[Jacqueline Schaeffer]], 91, mwanasaikolojia wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.spp.asso.fr/deces-de-jacqueline-schaeffer-1934-2026/ Décès de Jacqueline Schaeffer (1934-2026)] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Steve Sheetz]], 77, mwendeshaji wa duka la bidhaa mchanganyiko wa Amerika, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji na rais wa [[Sheetz|Sheetz, Inc.]] (1984–1995).<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/steve-sheetz-dies/ Former Sheetz president and CEO Steve Sheetz dies at age 77]</ref>
*[[Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo]], 79, mwanahistoria na mtaalamu wa akiolojia wa India.<ref>[https://pragativadi.com/khadial-king-jitamitra-prasad-singh-deo-passes-away-at-80/ Khadial King Jitamitra Prasad Singh Deo Passes Away at 80]</ref>
*[[Ralph L. Thomas]], 86, mwongozaji wa filamu wa Kanada aliyezaliwa Brazil (''[[The Terry Fox Story]]'', ''[[Apprentice to Murder]]'', ''[[Ticket to Heaven]]'') na mwandishi wa skripti, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/ralph-thomas-dies-journalist-filmmaker-obit/ Ralph L. Thomas, 'The Terry Fox Story' Director and Journalist, Dies at 86]</ref>
*[[Horacio Usandizaga]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Argentina, [[Seneti ya Argentina|seneta]] (1995–2003) na meya wa [[Rosario]] (1983–1989), matatizo kutokana na kiharusi cha mara kwa mara.<ref>[https://www.infobae.com/politica/2026/01/04/murio-horacio-usandizaga-historico-dirigente-de-la-ucr-y-primer-intendente-de-rosario-tras-el-regreso-de-la-democracia/ Murió Horacio Usandizaga, histórico dirigente de la UCR y primer intedente de Rosario tras el regreso de la democracia] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Mary White (Fianna Fáil politician)|Mary White]], 81, mwanamke wa biashara na mwanasiasa wa Ireland, [[Seanad Éireann|seneta]] (2002–2016).<ref>[https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/politics/she-was-a-force-of-nature-mary-white-former-senator-and-founder-of-lir-chocolates-dies-aged-81/a891185846.html 'She was a force of nature' – Mary White, former senator and founder of Lir Chocolates, dies aged 81]</ref>
*[[Xiao Zhuang (photographer)|Xiao Zhuang]], 93, mpiga picha wa China.<ref>[https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_32316516 著名摄影家、新中国第一批女摄影记者晓庄逝世,享年94岁] {{in lang|zh}}</ref>
*[[Teresa Zalewska]], 83, mwanasiasa wa Poland, [[Sejm|Mbunge]] (1989–1991).<ref>[https://www.nasztomaszow.pl/artykul/53485,zmarla-pani-teresa-zalewska Zmarła Pani Teresa Zalewska] {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
===5===
*[[Ahn Sung-ki]], 74, mwigizaji wa Korea Kusini (''[[Silmido (film)|Silmido]]'', ''[[Two Cops]]'', ''[[Radio Star (film)|Radio Star]]''), saratani ya damu.<ref>[https://www.chosun.com/english/travel-food-en/2026/01/05/3356DGXZABF6PF4YANV36GJNHE/ South Korean Film Legend Ahn Sung-ki Dies at 75]</ref>
*[[Aldrich Ames]], 84, afisa wa ujasusi wa Amerika ([[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]]) na mjasusi wa zamani wa Umoja wa Kisovieti aliyetiwa hatiani.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aldrich-ames-dies-age-84-russia-spy/ Aldrich Ames, CIA officer convicted of spying for Russia, dies at age 84]</ref>
*[[Bonifacio Ávila]], 75, bondia wa Olimpiki wa Colombia ([[Ndondi katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 1972 – Light middleweight|1972]]).<ref>[https://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/otros-deportes/luto-en-el-boxeo-colombiano-por-la-muerte-del-legendario-bony-3522048 Luto en el boxeo colombiano por la muerte del legendario 'Bony' Ávila] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Herbert Beck (historian)|Herbert Beck]], 84, mwanahistoria wa sanaa wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/kunst-und-architektur/ein-grosser-aufklaerer-zum-tod-des-ehemaligen-staedel-und-liebieghausdirektors-herbert-beck-accg-110814367.html Mustergültiger Aufklärer] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Andrew Bodnar]], 71, mpiga gitaa la bezi wa Uingereza ([[The Rumour]]) na mtunzi wa nyimbo ("[[I Love the Sound of Breaking Glass]]").<ref>[https://www.hitzound.com/bassist-andrew-bodnar-o-a-graham-parker-the-rumour-overleden/ Bassist Andrew Bodnar (o.a. Graham Parker & The Rumour) overleden] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Andrew Carter (composer)|Andrew Carter]], 86, mtunzi wa muziki wa Uingereza ([[Benedicite (Carter)|Benedicite]]) na mwongozaji wa kwaya.<ref>[https://www.morningstarmusic.com/blog/post/andrew-carter-in-memoriam Andrew Carter - In Memoriam]</ref>
*[[Tom Cherones]], 86, mwongozaji wa televisheni wa Amerika (''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[NewsRadio]]'', ''[[Ellen (TV series)|Ellen]]''), matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa Alzheimer.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tom-cherones-dead-seinfeld-director-producer-1236469039/ Tom Cherones, Emmy-Winning 'Seinfeld' Director and Producer, Dies at 86]</ref>
*[[Beatriz de Lenclós]], 102, mnenguaji wa Hispania.<ref>[https://www.elcorreo.com/alava/araba/fallece-beatriz-lenclos-gran-vedette-vitoriana-marco-20260107192323-nt.html Fallece Beatriz de Lenclós, la gran vedette vitoriana que marcó época] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Marian Diamond (actress)|Marian Diamond]], 89, mwigizaji wa Uingereza (''[[Subterfuge (1968 film)|Subterfuge]]'', ''[[Goodbye Gemini]]'', ''[[The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)|The Lord of the Rings]]'').<ref>[https://www.nationalworld.com/news/obituaries/marian-diamond-miriam-margolyes-pays-tribute-dear-friend-jackanory-brookside-death-aged-89-5474592 Marian Diamond: Miriam Margolyes pays tribute to 'dear friend' after Jackanory star's death aged 89]</ref>
*[[Miklós Dudás (canoeist)|Miklós Dudás]], 34, mchezaji wa mtumbwi wa Olimpiki wa Hungaria ([[Canoeing katika Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 – Men's K-1 200 metres|2012]]), bingwa wa dunia ([[2014 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships|2014]]).<ref>[https://24.hu/sport/2026/01/05/meghalt-dudas-miki/ Meghalt Dudás Miki] {{in lang|hu}}</ref>
*[[Aoi Fujino]], 27, mwanamitindo wa Kijapani wa gravure idol, [[rhabdomyosarcoma]].<ref>[https://www.sponichi.co.jp/entertainment/news/2026/01/09/articles/20260109s00041000284000c.html 元グラドル藤乃あおいさんが死去、27歳 親族が発表 23年に希少がんを公表 闘病続けていた] {{in lang|ja}}</ref>
*[[Paolo Gillet]], 96, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu msaidizi wa [[Jimbo Kuu la Albano|Albano]] (1993–2005).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgillet.html Bishop Paolo Gillet †]</ref>
*[[Pier Francesco Guarguaglini]], 88, mtendaji wa sekta ya ulinzi wa Italia, mwenyekiti wa [[Leonardo (company)|Finmeccanica]] (2002–2011).<ref>[https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/morto-pier-francesco-guarguaglini-crosetto-uomo-intelligenza-e-visione-AIoes8h Morto Pier Francesco Guarguaglini, Crosetto: uomo di intelligenza e visione] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Bruce Hammock]], 78, mtaalamu wa wadudu (entomologist) wa Amerika.<ref>[http://entnem.ucdavis.edu/news/bruce-hammock-1947-2026 Bruce Hammock: 1947-2026]</ref>
*[[Andrew Hichens]], 89, mchezaji wa kriketi wa Uingereza ([[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]], [[Oxfordshire County Cricket Club|Oxfordshire]]).<ref>[https://www.oxfordshire.cricket/andrew-hichens-obituary/ Andrew Hichens Obituary]</ref>
*[[Ad van Kempen]], 81, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[1-900 (film)|1-900]]'', ''[['n Beetje Verliefd]]'', ''[[Winter in Wartime (film)|Winter in Wartime]]''), saratani ya tezi dume.<ref>[https://www.ad.nl/show/acteur-ad-van-kempen-overleden-op-81-jarige-leeftijd~a7cdd6f6/ Acteur Ad van Kempen overleden op 81-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[José Mingorance]], 87, mchezaji wa soka wa Hispania ([[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], [[Timu ya taifa ya soka ya Hispania|timu ya taifa]]) na meneja ([[Granada CF|Granada]]).<ref>[https://www.abc.es/espana/andalucia/cordoba/cordoba-cf/fallece-jose-mingorance-leyenda-epoca-dorada-cordoba-20260105163238-nts.html Fallece José Mingorance, leyenda de la época dorada del Córdoba CF en Primera División] {{in lang|es}}</ref>
*[[Reza Moradi Abdolvand]], 18, mprotestaji wa Iran, alipigwa risasi.<ref>[https://hengaw.net/fa/news/2026/01/article-40 گزارش ههنگاو از جانباختن رضا مرادی عبدالوند ششمین جانباخته اعتراضات شهر ازنا] {{in lang|fa}}</ref>
*[[James E. O'Grady]], 96, afisa wa kurejesha sheria wa Amerika, [[Sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook|sherifu wa Wilaya ya Cook]] (1986–1990).<ref>[https://www.smithcorcoran.com/obituaries/James-E-OGrady?obId=46864181 James E. O'Grady]</ref>
*[[Jawann Oldham]], 68, mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu wa Amerika ([[Chicago Bulls]], [[Houston Rockets]], [[New York Knicks]]).<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seattle-university/jawann-oldham-a-basketball-star-at-cleveland-high-seattle-u-dies-at-68/ Jawann Oldham, a basketball star at Cleveland High, Seattle U, dies at 68]</ref>
*[[Induratana Paribatra]], 103, mwanafamilia wa kifalme wa Thailand.<ref>[https://pantip.com/topic/43930505 "พระองค์หญิงอินทุรัตนา บริพัตร" (พระวรวงศ์เธอ พระองค์เจ้าอินทุรัตนา) สิ้นพระชนม์ สิริพระชันษา ๑๐๓ ปี] {{in lang|th}}</ref>
*[[Molly Parkin]], 93, mchoraji, mwandishi wa riwaya na mwandishi wa habari wa Wales.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvgeyrg5e7xo Artist and fashion writer Molly Parkin dies]</ref>
*[[Bob Pulford]], 89, mchezaji wa hoki ya barafu wa Kanada aliyeingizwa kwenye [[Hockey Hall of Fame]], kocha ([[Chicago Blackhawks]]), na mtendaji, rais wa [[National League Players' Association|NHLPA]] (1967–1972), bingwa mara nne wa [[Stanley Cup]].<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/bob-pulford-dead-at-age-89 Pulford, 4-time Stanley Cup champion with Maple Leafs, dies at 89]</ref>
*[[Cosimo Scaglioso]], 89, mwanasiasa wa Italia, [[Seneti ya Jamhuri (Italia)|seneta]] (1994–1996).<ref>[https://www.lanazione.it/siena/cronaca/la-citta-piange-cosimo-scaglioso-a668b72e La città piange Cosimo Scaglioso. Fu docente emerito e senatore] {{in lang|it}}</ref>
*[[Elle Simone]], 49, mpishi wa Amerika (''[[America's Test Kitchen]]'') na mwanamitindo wa chakula.<ref>[https://www.wbur.org/news/2026/01/07/chef-food-stylist-elle-simone-scott-dies Chef and food stylist Elle Simone Scott dies at 49]</ref>
*[[Elsje de Wijn]], 82, mwigizaji wa Uholanzi (''[[De stille Oceaan]]'', ''[[For a Lost Soldier]]'', ''[[Het 14e kippetje]]'') na mwimbaji.<ref>[https://www.nu.nl/media/6381646/karel-zangeres-elsje-de-wijn-overleden-op-82-jarige-leeftijd.html Karel-zangeres Elsje de Wijn overleden op 82-jarige leeftijd] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Ken Wilcock]], 91, mkimbiaji wa mbio fupi wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/sport/25738581.tribute-sutton-harrier-ken-wilcock-died-aged-91/?ref=rss Tribute to Sutton Harrier Ken Wilcock, who has died aged 91]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii)
*[[Mike Wilson (kart racer)|Mike Wilson]], 66, mkimbiaji wa mashindano ya kart wa Uingereza, bingwa wa dunia mara sita ([[Karting World Championship|world champion]]).<ref>[https://www.kartcom.com/en/news/2026/01/05/mike-wilson-1959-2026-the-king-of-karting-takes-his-final-bow/ Mike Wilson (1959-2026): The King of Karting takes his final bow]</ref>
===6===
*[[Joe Arlooktoo]], 86, msanii wa kuona na mwanasiasa wa Kanada, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Northwest Territories|Northwest Territories MLA]] (1979–1991).<ref>[https://nunavutnews.com/2026/01/06/former-mla-and-mayor-joe-arlooktoo-passes-away-at-86/ Former MLA and mayor Joe Arlooktoo passes away at 86]</ref> (kifo kilitangazwa tarehe hii)
*[[Odette Bergoffen]], 101, mpiganaji wa upinzani wa Ufaransa.<ref>[https://www.ouest-france.fr/culture/histoire/guerre-39-45/elle-avait-risque-sa-vie-pour-en-sauver-dautres-odette-bergoffen-juste-parmi-les-nations-est-morte-a-101-ans-6d1b52a8-eadb-11f0-a887-2a4cc40b8e21 Elle avait risqué sa vie pour en sauver d'autres : Odette Bergoffen, Juste parmi les Nations, est morte à 101 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref>
*[[Andrzej Bogusławski]], 94, mtaalamu wa filolojia na semantiki wa Poland.<ref>[https://neofilologia.uw.edu.pl/odszedl-profesor-andrzej-boguslawski/ Odszedł Profesor Andrzej Bogusławski]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{in lang|pl}}</ref>
*[[Ron Boswell]], 85, mwanasiasa wa Australia, [[Seneti ya Australia|seneta]] (1983–2014).<ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2026-01-06/former-queensland-senator-ron-boswell-nationals/100104534 Former Queensland senator Ron 'Bozzie' Boswell dies aged 85]</ref>
*[[John Cunningham (actor)|John Cunningham]], 93, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[Titanic (musical)|Titanic]]'', ''[[Company (musical)|Company]]'', ''[[Mystic Pizza]]'').<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/john-cunningham-dad-broadway-actor-mystic-pizza-1236467917/ John Cunningham, Veteran Broadway Actor, Dies at 93]</ref>
*[[Dick Dull]], 80, mkurugenzi wa michezo wa Amerika ([[Maryland Terrapins]]).<ref>[https://umterps.com/news/2026/1/7/terrapin-athletics-former-maryland-ad-dick-dull-passes-away.aspx Former Maryland AD Dick Dull Passes Away]</ref>
*[[V. K. Ebrahimkunju]], 73, mwanasiasa wa India, [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Kerala|Kerala MLA]] (2011–2021).<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vk-ebrahim-kunju-iuml-leader-and-former-kerala-minister-passes-away/article70477566.ece V.K. Ebrahim Kunju, IUML leader and former Kerala Minister, passes away]</ref>
*[[Johannes Fabian]], 88, mtaalamu wa anthropolojia wa Ujerumani.<ref>[https://images.nrc.nl/pqE3TqhOiO9qYNA7EKPmZYE9j68=/filters:no_upscale():format(jpeg):fill(f8f8f8,true)/s3/nrchub/clippings/NH/20260110/528-advertisement-295553_1347763_fabian10ra-521857h-21c073.png Johannes Fabian] {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[Alex Felipe]], 32, mchezaji wa futsal wa Brazil ([[Sporting CP (futsal)|Sporting CP]], [[MFK Norilsk Nickel|Norilsk Nickel]], [[Timu ya taifa ya futsal ya Brazil|timu ya taifa]]).<ref>[https://www.championat.com/other/news-6308058-v-uhte-skonchalsya-igrok-mfk-norilskij-nikel-aleks-felipe.html В Ухте скончался 32-летний нападающий МФК «Норильский никель» Алекс Фелипе] {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
*[[Angella D. Ferguson]], 100, daktari wa watoto wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/washingtonpost/name/angella-ferguson-obituary?id=60507419 Angella Ferguson]</ref>
*[[Edith M. Flanigen]], 96, mwanakemia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://www.invent.org/inductees/edith-flanigen Edith Flanigen]</ref>
*[[Robert Goebbels]], 81, mwanasiasa wa Luxembourg, [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa uchumi na biashara ya nje wa Luxembourg|waziri wa uchumi]] (1989–1999) na [[Orodha ya mawaziri wa nishati wa Luxembourg|nishati]] (1994–1999), mtia saini wa [[Mkataba wa Schengen]].<ref>[https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/schengen-signatory-robert-goebbels-passes-away-at-81-1716960005 Schengen signatory Robert Goebbels passes away at 81]</ref>
*[[Richard Hynes]], 81, mwanabiolojia wa Uingereza.<ref>[https://news.mit.edu/2026/richard-hynes-dies-0123 Richard Hynes, a pioneer in the biology of cellular adhesion, dies at 81]</ref>
*[[Suresh Kalmadi]], 81, mwanasiasa na msimamizi wa michezo wa India, [[Bunge la India|Mbunge]] (1982–2014) na rais wa [[Chama cha Olimpiki cha India|IOA]] (1996–2011).<ref>[https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/former-union-minister-suresh-kalmadi-passes-away-at-81-after-prolonged-illness-13758255.html Former Union minister Suresh Kalmadi passes away at 81 after prolonged illness]</ref>
*[[Doug LaMalfa]], 65, mwanasiasa wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani]] (tangu 2013), mshtuko wa moyo.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/06/doug-lamalfa-dies-california Doug LaMalfa, California Republican congressman, dies aged 65]</ref>
*[[József Láyer]], 70, mwanasiasa wa Hungaria, [[Bunge la Kitaifa (Hungaria)|Mbunge]] (1998–2006).<ref>[https://www.parlament.hu/web/guest/nyitolap/-/asset_publisher/S5FDl868Frny/content/elhunyt-láyer-józsef-volt-országgyűlési-képviselő Elhunyt Láyer József volt országgyűlési képviselő] {{in lang|hu}}</ref>
*[[Rhoda Levine]], 93, mwongozaji wa opera na mwanakoreografia wa Amerika.<ref>[https://operawire.com/obituary-opera-director-rhoda-levine-dies-at-93/ Obituary: Opera Director Rhoda Levine Dies at 93]</ref>
*[[Jim McBride (songwriter)|Jim McBride]], 78, mtunzi wa nyimbo za country wa Amerika ("[[Chasin' That Neon Rainbow|Chasing That Neon Rainbow]]", "[[(Who Says) You Can't Have It All]]", "[[Chattahoochee (song)|Chattahoochee]]").<ref>[https://www.waff.com/2026/01/07/alabama-music-hall-famer-huntsville-native-jim-mcbride-dies-78/ Alabama Music Hall of Famer, Huntsville native Jim McBride, dies at 78]</ref>
*[[Jack McGregor]], 91, mwanasiasa na mmiliki wa timu ya michezo wa Amerika, mjumbe wa [[Seneti ya Jimbo la Pennsylvania]] (1963–1970) na mwanzilishi wa [[Pittsburgh Penguins]].<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/jack-mcgregor-dies-pittsburgh-penguins/ Jack McGregor, original founder of Pittsburgh Penguins, dies at 91]</ref>
*[[Kathleen Muxel]], 54, mwanasiasa wa Ujerumani, mjumbe wa [[Landtag ya Brandenburg]] (tangu 2019).<ref>[https://www.n-tv.de/regionales/berlin-und-brandenburg/AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete-Muxel-gestorben-id30210190.html AfD-Landtagsabgeordnete Muxel gestorben] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
*[[Raffaele Nogaro]], 92, kiongozi wa Kanisa Katoliki la Roma wa Italia, askofu wa [[Jimbo la Sessa Aurunca]] (1982–1990) na wa [[Jimbo la Caserta]] (1990–2009).<ref>[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnogaro.html Bishop Raffaele Nogaro †]</ref>
*[[John F. O'Donohue]], 79, mwigizaji wa Amerika (''[[NYPD Blue]]'', ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', ''[[The Family Man]]'').<ref>[https://lowtherfamily.com/obituaries/john-f-odonohue/ John F. O'Donohue]</ref>
*[[Saeid Pirdoost]], 85, mwigizaji wa Iran (''[[Snake Fang]]'', ''[[Son of Adam, Daughter of Eve]]'', ''[[Great Award]]''), saratani.<ref>[https://en.mehrnews.com/news/240504/Veteran-Iranian-actor-Saeid-Pirdoost-passes-away Veteran Iranian actor Saeid Pirdoost passes away]</ref>
*[[Claude Pivi]], 66, afisa wa jeshi wa Guinea, matatizo kutokana na ugonjwa wa kisukari.<ref>[https://globalnation.inquirer.net/304660/guinea-ex-security-chief-convicted-over-crimes-against-humanity-dies Guinea ex-security chief convicted over crimes against humanity dies]</ref>
*[[Jaap Pop]], 84, mwanasiasa wa Uholanzi, meya wa [[Haarlem]] (1995–2006).<ref>[https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden Oud-burgemeester Jaap Pop overleden] {{Wayback|url=https://haarlem.nl/oud-burgemeester-jaap-pop-overleden |date=20260201234641 }} {{in lang|nl}}</ref>
*[[David Quail]], 88, mwanasiasa na mwelimishaji wa Afrika Kusini, mjumbe wa [[Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mkoa wa Gauteng]] (1999–2009).<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/da-gauteng-mourns-passing-of-former-mpl-david-quai DA Gauteng mourns passing of former MPL David Quail]</ref>
==Marejeo==
{{Marejeo}}
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 2026]]
dsk8v3gu46b811vxt8ylsholluv3sdn
P. L. Travers
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236633
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'''Pamela Lyndon Travers''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Helen Lyndon Goff'''; 9 Agosti 1899 – 23 Aprili 1996) alikuwa mwandishi wa kike kutoka nchi ya [[Australia]] na [[Uingereza]] ambaye alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha ya kazi yake nchini Uingereza.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/603648/PL-Travers "P.L. Travers (British author)"]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. "Australian English writer known for her Mary Poppins books".</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Rickards |first1=Carolyn |title=British Fantasy Cinema |date=2024 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |quote=The film is based on a series of novels written by the Australian-British author P. L. Travers.}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa mfululizo wake wa vitabu vya ''[[Mary Poppins (book series)|Mary Poppins]]'',<ref>Vitabu hivi kwa kawaida huainishwa kama vitabu vya watoto, lakini Travers alisisitiza mara nyingi kwamba havikuandikwa maalum kwa ajili ya watoto.</ref> ambavyo vinamuhusisha mhusika mkuu ambaye ni yaya mwenye nguvu za uchawi ([[Mary Poppins (character)|Mary Poppins]]).
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwandishi}}
{{BD|1899|1996}}
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]]
ph25lcxx4jp1orzunpuoyf4b3sz2p7q
Tomáš Hron
0
236766
1574818
1555450
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'''Tomáš Hron''' (alizaliwa 25 Julai 1981) ni mpiganaji wa kickboxing kutoka [[Jamhuri]] ya [[Ucheki]] ambaye amewahi kupigana katika mashindano ya K-1, It's Showtime na SUPERKOMBAT.
Ameshinda mataji ya Kings of The Ring, WKA na WKN, na pia ni bingwa wa dunia wa sasa wa uzani wa heavyweight wa Kings of The Ring.
== Kazi ==
Alipangwa kupigana na Eduardo Mendes tarehe 13 Aprili 2013 katika pambano maalum la ''K-1 World Qualification - K-1 World MAX Elimination'', lakini aliondolewa kwenye pambano hilo kutokana na matatizo ya kifedha ya K-1.<ref>{{cite web |url=[http://www.profightstore.hr/novosti/k-1-na-jedvite-jade-odrzao-turnir-u-portugalu/13021.aspx](http://www.profightstore.hr/novosti/k-1-na-jedvite-jade-odrzao-turnir-u-portugalu/13021.aspx) |title=K-1 na jedvite jade održao turnir u Portugalu - Profightstore |publisher=Profightstore.hr |date=15 Aprili 2013 |access-date=15 Novemba 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1981|}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ucheki]]
l3breahq1x7uqshq1gbzsb4brqz84j8
Gulbadan Begum (mwanasiasa)
0
237116
1574815
1547423
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'''Gulbadan Begum''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge wa [[Bangladesh]] kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake.<ref>{{cite news |title=86 ex-BNP MPs back Delwar |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-40260.html |access-date=4 April 2021 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref>
== Kazi ==
Begum alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1979.<ref name="1979results">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |title=List of 2nd Parliament Members |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2018}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1940||Begum, Gulbadan}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]]
m40l3dbwsqe19g48k5jp2vesf98q0iz
Sufia Begum
0
237127
1574816
1547773
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'''Sufia Begum''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake.
== Kazi ==
Begum alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Jatiya Sangshad |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1950||Begum, Sufia}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]]
e0vqevbvw0gtkfxibs1c0cpitzrqstu
Mahmoud Maklouf
0
237431
1574775
1548348
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'''Mahmoud Makhlof''' (Kiarabu: محمود مخلوف; alizaliwa 17 Aprili 1975) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[Libya]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[beki]].
Pia alikuwa mchezaji wa [[timu ya taifa]] ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mahmoud Makhlouf Shaftar (Player)|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/3849/Mahmoud_Makhlouf_Shaftar.html|work=www.national-football-teams.com|accessdate=2026-05-22|language=en|author=Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Football photographic encyclopedia, footballer, world cup, champions league, football championship, olympic games & hero images by sporting-heroes.net|url=http://www.sporting-heroes.net/football/|work=www.sporting-heroes.net|accessdate=2026-05-22}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]]
[[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Libya]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
glx8zt9tbs5ddpqorgv7wgn4mqyzbam
Lawrence Mafuru
0
237551
1574778
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'''Lawrence Nyasebwa Mafuru''' (20 Juni 1972 – 9 Novemba 2024) alikuwa mtaalamu wa fedha, mtendaji mkuu wa mashirika na mshauri mwandamizi wa uchumi nchini [[Tanzania]]. Hadi kifo chake, alihudumu kama Katibu Mtendaji wa Tume ya Mipango ya Taifa, nafasi ambayo aliongoza uratibu na uandishi wa Dira ya Maendeleo ya Taifa 2050<ref name=":thecitizen">{{cite news |title=Lawrence Mafuru: Seasoned banker and instrumental executive who led the drafting of Tanzania's Vision 2050 |url=https://thecitizen.co.tz |work=The Citizen |date=11 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>.
== Maisha ya awali na elimu ==
Mafuru alizaliwa tarehe 20 Juni mwaka 1972 nchini Tanzania. Alipata elimu yake ya juu katika Chuo cha Usimamizi wa Fedha (IFM) jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] ambapo alitunukiwa Stashahada ya Juu. Baadaye, alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] (UDSM) na kuhitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Usimamizi wa Biashara (MBA) akibobea katika masuala ya Fedha. Kitaaluma, alikuwa mwanachama aliyethibitishwa wa Taasisi ya Mabenki ya London (Chartered Institute of Bankers London) na pia mtaalamu aliyethibitishwa wa masoko ya fedha kupitia ACI Financial Markets<ref name=":thecitizen" />.
== Kazi katika sekta ya benki ==
Lawrence Mafuru alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuendeleza sekta ya kibenki nchini Tanzania kwa zaidi ya miaka 20. Alianza kazi yake katika Benki ya Standard Chartered mnamo mwaka 1998, akijikita katika masuala ya fedha na biashara za kimataifa<ref name=":mwananchi_safari">{{cite news |title=Safari ya Mafuru ndani na nje ya Serikali |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz |work=Mwananchi |date=9 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>. Baadaye alihudumu katika Benki ya NBC (National Bank of Commerce) kama Mkuu wa Kitengo cha Hazina, na kisha akateuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji (CEO), akiwa Mtanzania wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo ya juu tangu benki hiyo ibinafsishwe. Alichaguliwa pia kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Umoja wa Mabenki Tanzania (TBA), ambapo aliongoza majadiliano ya kisera kati ya mabenki na Serikali. Pia, alianzisha kampuni ya ushauri wa kifedha ya ''Bankable Tanzania'' na alihudumu kama mjumbe wa bodi mbalimbali za wakurugenzi ikiwemo Benki ya CRDB, Shirika la Umeme Tanzania ([[TANESCO]]), na Kituo cha Uwekezaji Tanzania (TIC).
== Utumishi wa umma ==
Kutokana na weledi wake, Serikali ya Awamu ya Sita chini ya Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] ilimkasimu majukumu mbalimbali ya kiuchumi. Alihudumu kama Msajili wa Hazina ambapo alisimamia uwekezaji na mashirika yote ya umma chini ya Wizara ya Fedha. Ndani ya Wizara hiyo, alihudumu pia kama Kamishna wa Idara ya Uchambuzi wa Sera na baadaye kuwa Naibu Katibu Mkuu anayeshughulikia Sera za Usimamizi wa Uchumi. Tarehe 5 Julai 2023, aliteuliwa rasmi na Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan kuwa Katibu Mtendaji wa Tume ya Mipango ya Taifa<ref>{{cite news |title=President Samia Makes Minor Cabinet Reshuffle, Forms New National Planning Commission |url=https://allafrica.com |work=AllAfrica |date=6 July 2023 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>. Katika nafasi hiyo, aliongoza mabadiliko ya kimuundo ya kiuchumi na kuandaa mipango ya muda mrefu ya nchi ikiwemo Dira ya 2050.
== Kifo ==
Lawrence Mafuru alifariki dunia tarehe 9 Novemba 2024 akiwa na umri wa miaka 52, katika Hospitali ya Apollo nchini [[India]], alikokuwa akipatiwa matibabu ya ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (Leukemia)<ref>{{cite news |title=Huu ndio ugonjwa uliosababisha kifo cha Mafuru |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz kifo-cha-mafuru-4823308 |work=Mwananchi |date=14 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mafuru afariki dunia, Rais Samia aomboleza |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz |work=Mwananchi |date=9 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>. Mwili wake ulizikwa tarehe 15 Novemba 2024 katika makaburi ya Kondo yaliyopo Tegeta, jijini Dar es Salaam<ref>{{cite news |title=Hali ilivyo nyumbani kwa Mafuru |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz |work=Mwananchi |date=11 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [https://mwananchi.co.tz Lawrence Mafuru afariki dunia] - Mwananchi
{{mbegu-Mtanzania}}
{{BD|1972|2024|Mafuru, Lawrence}}
[[Jamii:Wanachumi wa Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Watu kutoka Dar es Salaam]]
tkbj40t2f8w0kdaz3aru5jpzts2xhba
1574779
1574778
2026-06-19T10:24:36Z
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'''Lawrence Nyasebwa Mafuru''' (20 Juni 1972 – 9 Novemba 2024) alikuwa mtaalamu wa fedha, mtendaji mkuu wa mashirika na mshauri mwandamizi wa uchumi nchini [[Tanzania]]. Hadi kifo chake, alihudumu kama Katibu Mtendaji wa Tume ya Mipango ya Taifa, nafasi ambayo aliongoza uratibu na uandishi wa Dira ya Maendeleo ya Taifa 2050<ref name=":thecitizen">{{cite news |title=Lawrence Mafuru: Seasoned banker and instrumental executive who led the drafting of Tanzania's Vision 2050 |url=https://thecitizen.co.tz |work=The Citizen |date=11 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>.
== Maisha ya awali na elimu ==
Mafuru alizaliwa tarehe 20 Juni mwaka 1972 nchini Tanzania. Alipata elimu yake ya juu katika Chuo cha Usimamizi wa Fedha (IFM) jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] ambapo alitunukiwa Stashahada ya Juu. Baadaye, alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] (UDSM) na kuhitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Usimamizi wa Biashara (MBA) akibobea katika masuala ya Fedha. Kitaaluma, alikuwa mwanachama aliyethibitishwa wa Taasisi ya Mabenki ya London (Chartered Institute of Bankers London) na pia mtaalamu aliyethibitishwa wa masoko ya fedha kupitia ACI Financial Markets<ref name=":thecitizen" />.
== Kazi katika sekta ya benki ==
Lawrence Mafuru alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuendeleza sekta ya kibenki nchini Tanzania kwa zaidi ya miaka 20. Alianza kazi yake katika Benki ya Standard Chartered mnamo mwaka 1998, akijikita katika masuala ya fedha na biashara za kimataifa<ref name=":mwananchi_safari">{{cite news |title=Safari ya Mafuru ndani na nje ya Serikali |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz |work=Mwananchi |date=9 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>. Baadaye alihudumu katika Benki ya NBC (National Bank of Commerce) kama Mkuu wa Kitengo cha Hazina, na kisha akateuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji (CEO), akiwa Mtanzania wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo ya juu tangu benki hiyo ibinafsishwe. Alichaguliwa pia kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Umoja wa Mabenki Tanzania (TBA), ambapo aliongoza majadiliano ya kisera kati ya mabenki na Serikali. Pia, alianzisha kampuni ya ushauri wa kifedha ya ''Bankable Tanzania'' na alihudumu kama mjumbe wa bodi mbalimbali za wakurugenzi ikiwemo Benki ya CRDB, Shirika la Umeme Tanzania ([[TANESCO]]), na Kituo cha Uwekezaji Tanzania (TIC).
== Utumishi wa umma ==
Kutokana na weledi wake, Serikali ya Awamu ya Sita chini ya Rais [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] ilimkasimu majukumu mbalimbali ya kiuchumi. Alihudumu kama Msajili wa Hazina ambapo alisimamia uwekezaji na mashirika yote ya umma chini ya Wizara ya Fedha. Ndani ya Wizara hiyo, alihudumu pia kama Kamishna wa Idara ya Uchambuzi wa Sera na baadaye kuwa Naibu Katibu Mkuu anayeshughulikia Sera za Usimamizi wa Uchumi. Tarehe 5 Julai 2023, aliteuliwa rasmi na Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan kuwa Katibu Mtendaji wa Tume ya Mipango ya Taifa<ref>{{cite news |title=President Samia Makes Minor Cabinet Reshuffle, Forms New National Planning Commission |url=https://allafrica.com |work=AllAfrica |date=6 July 2023 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>. Katika nafasi hiyo, aliongoza mabadiliko ya kimuundo ya kiuchumi na kuandaa mipango ya muda mrefu ya nchi ikiwemo Dira ya 2050.
== Kifo ==
Lawrence Mafuru alifariki dunia tarehe 9 Novemba 2024 akiwa na umri wa miaka 52, katika Hospitali ya Apollo nchini [[India]], alikokuwa akipatiwa matibabu ya ugonjwa wa saratani ya damu (Leukemia)<ref>{{cite news |title=Huu ndio ugonjwa uliosababisha kifo cha Mafuru |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz kifo-cha-mafuru-4823308 |work=Mwananchi |date=14 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mafuru afariki dunia, Rais Samia aomboleza |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz |work=Mwananchi |date=9 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>. Mwili wake ulizikwa tarehe 15 Novemba 2024 katika makaburi ya Kondo yaliyopo Tegeta, jijini Dar es Salaam<ref>{{cite news |title=Hali ilivyo nyumbani kwa Mafuru |url=https://mwananchi.co.tz |work=Mwananchi |date=11 November 2024 |access-date=22 May 2026}}</ref>.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
== Viungo vya Nje ==
* [https://mwananchi.co.tz Lawrence Mafuru afariki dunia] - Mwananchi
{{mbegu-Mtanzania}}
{{BD|1972|2024|Mafuru, Lawrence}}
[[Jamii:Wanauchumi wa Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Watu kutoka Dar es Salaam]]
7lkxq15hb0ar1t9agidbtn501fpzbid
Patrick Adamiak
0
237762
1574798
1549101
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'''Patrick Tate Adamiak''' ni mwanamume wa [[Marekani]] na aliyekuwa mwanamaji wa United States Navy ambaye alihukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 20 katika gereza la shirikisho la Marekani kwa kosa la kuuza na kumiliki silaha zisizo halali.
Adamiak alishtakiwa mwaka 2022 baada ya mawakala maalumu wa [[ATF]] kukamata silaha mbalimbali zilizohusiana na kesi hiyo, zikiwemo bunduki za mashine zisizoweza kufanya kazi (inoperable machine guns), vizindua viunzi vya mabomu (grenade launchers) viwili, pamoja na vizindua vya makombora ya kuzuia vifaru (anti-tank missile launchers) ambavyo havikuwa na uwezo wa kurusha. Kesi yake ilihusisha pia ushahidi wa biashara ya silaha hizo.
Korti ilimpata na hatia kwa makosa matatu ya kupokea na kumiliki silaha zisizosajiliwa, pamoja na kosa moja la kumiliki na kusambaza bunduki ya mashine kinyume cha sheria.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Sailor sentenced to 20 years in prison for selling illegal machine guns in Virginia |url=[https://www.stripes.com/branches/navy/2023-06-15/navy-sailor-virginia-illegal-machine-guns-10450276.html](https://www.stripes.com/branches/navy/2023-06-15/navy-sailor-virginia-illegal-machine-guns-10450276.html) |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Stars and Stripes}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-06-14 |title=Eastern District of Virginia |url=[https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/virginia-beach-man-sentenced-dealing-illegal-machine-guns](https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/virginia-beach-man-sentenced-dealing-illegal-machine-guns) |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=United States Department of Justice}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Campbell |first=Josh |date=2022-10-25 |title=Navy sailor convicted for dealing illegal machine guns in undercover ATF weapons sting |url=[https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/25/us/navy-sailor-illegal-gun-dealing-conviction-virginia/index.html](https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/25/us/navy-sailor-illegal-gun-dealing-conviction-virginia/index.html) |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=CNN}}</ref>
== Maisha na kesi ==
Adamiak alikuwa akihudumu katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani kabla ya kukamatwa kwake. Kesi yake ilivuta umakini wa vyombo vya habari kutokana na ushiriki wake wa kijeshi na uzito wa tuhuma za biashara ya silaha zisizo halali.
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|karne ya 20|}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]
bfxd4vdtvw1p61ghcf8pmbw968aykko
Rolf Willy Hansen
0
238612
1574796
1550211
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'''Rolf Willy Hansen''' ni mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Norwei|Norway]].
Alianza kufanya kazi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Norway mwaka 1975. Kuanzia 1993 hadi 1994 alikuwa naibu mkurugenzi katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje, kisha alihudumu kwa miaka mitatu kama mshauri. Kuanzia 1997 hadi 2000 alihudumu kama balozi mdogo (consul-general) mjini [[Hong Kong]].
Baada ya kuwa mkuu wa idara katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje kuanzia 2001 hadi 2005, alihudumu kama balozi mdogo mjini [[Minneapolis]] kuanzia 2005 hadi 2008. Baadaye alikuwa balozi wa Norway nchini [[Syria]] kuanzia 2008 hadi 2012 na balozi nchini [[Saudi Arabia]] kuanzia 2014 hadi 2017.<ref name=snl>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Rolf Willy Hansen|encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]]|publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget|location=Oslo|url=[http://www.snl.no/Rolf_Willy_Hansen|language=Norwegian|accessdate=7](http://www.snl.no/Rolf_Willy_Hansen|language=Norwegian|accessdate=7) April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rolf Willy Hansen |url=[https://snl.no/Rolf_Willy_Hansen](https://snl.no/Rolf_Willy_Hansen) |website=LARGE NORWEGIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA |access-date=10 April 2024}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{BD|karne ya 20|}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Norwei]]
ru9whbre1hj65ao9xf9itwnwh3jkih9
Ahmad Sami Minkara
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'''Ahmad Sami Minkara''' (1937/1938 – 24 Julai 2023) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Lebanoni]]. Alihudumu kama Waziri wa Utalii mnamo mwaka 1992 na alikuwa Waziri wa Elimu na Elimu ya Juu kuanzia mwaka 2004 hadi 2005.
Minkara alifariki dunia mnamo tarehe 24 Julai 2023, akiwa na umri wa miaka 85.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=24 July 2023|title=L'ancien ministre Sami Minkara est décédé|trans-title= |url=https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1344316/lancien-ministre-sami-minkara-est-decede.html|language=French|work=[[L'Orient-Le Jour]]|location= |access-date=27 July 2023}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1937|2023|Minkara, Ahmad Sami}}
[[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Lebanoni]]
njntmlwzhso2mjdykb09g2nmuzvraro
Nathaniel St André
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'''Nathaniel St André''' ({{Circa|1680}} – Machi 1776) alikuwa daktari wa [[Uswisi]] aliyefanya kazi nchini Uingereza.
== Maisha ==
Alizaliwa nchini Uswisi, St André alihamia Uingereza akiwa kijana, ambapo alifanya kazi kama page kwa familia ya Kiyahudi. Baada ya kufika, alijipatia kipato kwa kufundisha Kifaransa, Kijerumani, dansii na uzio (fencing). Hata hivyo, ujuzi wake wa uzio ulikuwa hafifu, na alijeruhiwa na mmoja wa wanafunzi wake, jambo lililomlazimu kupata matibabu ya kitabibu.
Akiwa amevutiwa na utajiri wa mpasuaji aliyemtibu, aliamua kuingia katika taaluma ya tiba, na akaanza mafunzo ya uanafunzi (apprenticeship) kwa mpasuaji mmoja London.<ref name="bondeson">{{cite book | first = Jan | last = Bondeson | title = A cabinet of medical curiosities | year = 1997 | pages = 125–143 | publisher = I.B. Tauris | isbn = 9781860642289 | url = {{google books|id=DPM8z2yDt2cC|page=125|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref>
Baadaye alianzisha kliniki yake katika Northumberland Court, na kisha akateuliwa kuwa mpasuaji katika Westminster Infirmary. Pia alikuwa akitoa mihadhara ya hadhara kuhusu [[anatomia]] na upasuaji, alitafsiri kitabu cha René-Jacques Garengeot ''A Treatise of Chirurgical Operations'' kwenda Kiingereza, na akaanzisha mbinu mpya za kutumia nta (wax) kutengeneza vielelezo vya anatomia.<ref name="odnb">{{cite ODNB|id=24478|title=St André, Nathanael|first=Dennis|last=Todd}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1680|1776}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Uswisi]]
cmbpezjj31ptoxoxwu3m1fo62leat6l
Maarouf Saad
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'''Maarouf Saad''' (1910<ref name="MSCC">{{cite web|url=http://www.maaroufsaad.org/biography.htm |title=Biography |accessdate=2013-08-23 |url-status=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010304061840/http://www.maaroufsaad.org/biography.htm |archivedate=4 March 2001 }}. Maarouf Saad Cultural Center.</ref> au 1914 – 6 Machi 1975) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Lebanoni]]. Alihudumu kama mwakilishi wa mji wa Sidon katika Bunge la Lebanoni kati ya mwaka 1957 na 1972. Alianzisha chama cha [[Popular Nasserite Organization]] mnamo mwaka 1973. Saad alijulikana kwa kuwa na uhusiano wa karibu wenye ushawishi na mvuto wa kipekee na wakazi wa Sidoni pamoja na Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina zilizokuwa jirani, kwa mujibu wa mwanahistoria Samir Khalaf.<ref>Khalaf, 2013, p. 135.</ref> Hata hivyo, mivutano ilitokea kati ya Saad na Chama cha Ukombozi wa Palestina (PLO) katika miaka ya 1970 walipokuwa wakigombea ushawishi katika mji wa Sidon. Mauaji ya Saad yalichochea kulipuka kwa Vita vya Kijenyewe vya Lebanon, na anachukuliwa na wanahistoria wengi kama mhanga wa kwanza wa mgogoro huo.<ref>Morgan, 2004, p. 127.</ref><ref name="Dib259">Dib, p. 259.</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|1910|1975|Saad, Maarouf}}
[[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Lebanoni]]
g0gbond4j48w23zaek3jpkho1b7t0ou
Thomas Sanon
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'''Thomas Sanon''' (amezaliwa 8 Septemba 1947) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Burkina Faso]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Recherche de personnalités du Burkina|url=http://www.petiteacademie.gov.bf/Personnalite/Personnalite.asp?CodePersonnalite=322|work=www.petiteacademie.gov.bf|accessdate=2026-05-29|archive-date=2011-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928180229/http://www.petiteacademie.gov.bf/Personnalite/Personnalite.asp?CodePersonnalite=322|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Tangu mwaka 2003, amekuwa Rais wa Baraza la Kiuchumi na Kijamii la Burkina Faso (Economic and Social Council of Burkina Faso).
Chini ya Rais Blaise Compaoré, aliwahi kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali serikalini na pia kuhudumu kama balozi.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burkina Faso]]
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
8gp3ebkydsvapfbbgaxl9j9iyiuwjzj
Luke Hogan
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'''Luke Hogan''' [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]], [[Justice of the Peace|JP]], alikuwa kiongozi wa chama cha Labour katika Baraza la Liverpool ambaye pia alihudumu kama Meya Mkuu wa [[Liverpool]].
== Wasifu ==
Hogan aliingia katika siasa za mitaa mnamo mwaka 1921 alipogombea kama mgombea wa chama cha [[Labour Party]] katika Wadi ya Brunswick. Alichaguliwa kujiunga na Baraza la Jiji la Liverpool ([[Liverpool City Council]]) mnamo tarehe 1 Novemba. Alichaguliwa kuwa [[Alderman]] wa St. Domingo mnamo tarehe 5 Oktoba 1927. Akawa kiongozi wa kundi la chama cha Labour katika baraza hilo mnamo mwaka 1930 na alidumu katika nafasi hiyo hadi mwaka 1947. Aliondolewa kwenye nafasi yake ya uongozi kwa sababu alipinga sera ya chama chake ya kutaifisha Soko la Pamba la Liverpool (Liverpool Cotton Exchange).
Alitunukiwa kuwa Mwanachama wa Nishani ya Milki ya Uingereza (MBE) katika Tuzo za Siku ya Kuzaliwa ya Mfalme za mwaka 1931.<ref>Liverpool Evening Express - 08 October 1941 p.2</ref> Alihudumu kama Meya Mkuu wa Liverpool kuanzia mwaka 1945 hadi 1946.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url= http://www.liverpoolcityhalls.co.uk/media/1093/former-mayors-and-lord-mayors.pdf |title= List of Lord Mayors of Liverpool |access-date= 13 August 2016 |archive-date= 2016-08-21 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160821081150/http://liverpoolcityhalls.co.uk/media/1093/former-mayors-and-lord-mayors.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> Alitunukiwa tuzo ya heshima ya Freedom of City of Liverpool mnamo tarehe 1 Mei 1946.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.liverpooltownhall.co.uk/recipients-honorary-freedom-city-liverpool/|title=Recipients of the Honorary Freedom of the City of Liverpool|accessdate=2026-05-29|archive-date=2019-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327224458/https://www.liverpooltownhall.co.uk/recipients-honorary-freedom-city-liverpool/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}}
{{BD|karne ya 19|karne ya 20|Hogan, Luke}}
[[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uingereza]]
esam6qbjlvmx447ti7pyr0eii2vjvln
Valentina Rendón
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'''Valentina Rendón Escobar'''<ref name="gb">{{in lang|es}} [[https://web.archive.org/web/20070922113812/http://www.gabrielblanco.cc/valentina_rendon1.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20070922113812/http://www.gabrielblanco.cc/valentina_rendon1.htm) Wasifu wa Valentina Rendón]</ref> ni mwigizaji, mwimbaji na mwandishi kutoka [[Kolombia]].<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0719398}}</ref>
Rendón alisoma ubunifu wa viwanda katika [[:es:Universidad Autónoma de Manizales|Universidad Autónoma de Manizales]]<ref name="gb" /> lakini baada ya kushinda ufadhili wa masomo uliotolewa na RCN TV, alihamia [[Bogotá]] ili kufuata kazi ya uigizaji.<ref name="bio">{{in lang|es}} [[http://valentinarendon.net/](http://valentinarendon.net/){{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Sehemu ya wasifu katika tovuti yake rasmi]</ref>
Alikuwa sauti kuu ya kundi la pop la [[:es:Luna verde|Luna verde]].<ref name="bio" /> Alianza kuonekana kwenye televisheni mwaka 1996 katika kipindi ''Copas amargas''. Baada ya kufanya majukumu ya kusaidia katika telenovela mbalimbali, alipata nafasi yake ya kwanza ya uhusika mkuu mwaka 1999 katika telenovela ''Tabú''.
== Marejeo ==
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{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1972|}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Kolombia]]
5ob4kdu0iw801p8wdappwl6yflnob42
Tom Gunderson
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'''Tom Gunderson''' ni mkufunzi wa wanyama kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa kutoa wanyama wanaotumika katika utengenezaji wa filamu na vipindi vya televisheni. Mnyama wake maarufu zaidi aliyemfundisha ni Crystal the Monkey, nyani aina ya capuchin mwenye umri wa takribani miaka 32.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
Mwaka 2012, Gunderson alifanya kazi katika utayarishaji wa kipindi cha televisheni ''Animal Practice'', ambacho kilimtumia Crystal the Monkey katika nafasi muhimu ya uigizaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Why Crystal, the Monkey in 'Animal Practice,' Is NBC's Most Valuable Commodity -- New York Magazine - Nymag|url=[https://nymag.com/arts/tv/features/crystal-the-monkey-animal-practice-2012-10/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=New](https://nymag.com/arts/tv/features/crystal-the-monkey-animal-practice-2012-10/|access-date=2021-09-21|website=New) York Magazine|language=en-us}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tom pia alionekana pamoja na Betty Thomas na Crystal the Monkey katika kipindi cha Howard Stern Show tarehe 23 Juni 1998.<ref>{{cite news|last=Flint|first=Joe|title=Monkey business on 'Animal Practice'|url=[https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-xpm-2012-sep-25-la-et-st-animal-practice-crystal-capuchin-monkey-20120926-story.html|access-date=13](https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/tv/la-xpm-2012-sep-25-la-et-st-animal-practice-crystal-capuchin-monkey-20120926-story.html|access-date=13) December 2012|newspaper=LA Times|date=September 25, 2012}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
[[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
ow3h2m34y247gej94dad687pdzvuzq2
Irene Uchida
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{{Infobox Wanataaluma
| jina = Irene Ayako Uchida
| picha =
| maelezo_picha =
| tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = April 8, 1917
| mahali_pa_kuzaliwa = Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| uraia = Canada
| taasisi = University of British Columbia
University of Toronto
| idara = Jenetikia
| cheo = Profesa/Mtafiti
| elimu = Shahada ya uzamivu
| shahada_ya_kwanza = fasihi ya Kiingereza mwaka 1946
| shahada_ya_pili = zoolojia 1951
| shahada_ya_uzamivu = Zoolojia
| mada_ya_tasnifu = kromosomu katika nzi wa matunda.
| mwaka_wa_uzamivu = 1951
| mshauri_wa_uzamivu = Dk. Bruce Chown
| eneo_la_utafiti = matatizo ya vinasaba vya mapacha wenye ugonjwa wa moyo
| michango_mashuhuri = mpango wa kwanza wa cytogenetics wa Kanada
| machapisho =
| tuzo =
| tovuti =
}}
'''Irene Ayako Uchida''', OC (Aprili 8, 1917 - 30 Julai 2013) alikuwa mwanasayansi na [[mtafiti]] wa Ugonjwa wa udumavu wa akili na maumbile (''[[Down syndrome]]'') kutoka nchini [[Kanada]].<ref name="Uchida">https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/irene-uchida</ref>
== Maisha ya Awali ==
Irene Uchida alizaliwa kwa jina la Ayako Uchida na wahamiaji wa Kijapani wa kizazi cha kwanza Sentaro na Shizuko Uchida. Familia hiyo iliishi katika mtaa wa wafanyikazi wa Vancouver ambao sasa unajulikana kama Hastings-Sunrise. Akiwa na umri mdogo, Uchida alifurahia muziki hasa kutumia na kupiga vyombo kama piano, chombo na violin. Mara nyingi alipiga vyombo hivo kanisani kwaajili ya kanisa lake liitwalo Japan United Church. Mwalimu wake wa muziki, akidai kuwa na shida ya kutamka jina lake, alianza kumuita Irene. Uchida alilipenda jina hilo na akalikubali kuwa lake. <ref name="Uchida" />
== Kuhusu Vita ==
Mnamo Novemba 1941, Irene Uchida alirudi nyumbani kwa meli ya mwisho kutoka Yokohama, Japan, hadi Kanada wakati wa Vita vya Kidunia vya pili. Muda mfupi baadaye, yeye na familia yake walikuwa miongoni mwa Wakanada 22,000 wa Japani ambao serikali ya shirikisho iliwahamisha kwa nguvu kwenye kambi za wafungwa. Familia hiyo ilitumwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Ziwa la Christina katika eneo la Kootenay la British Columbia. Mnamo 1942, Uchida na baba yake walihamishiwa Lemon Creek. Rafiki yake kutoka Vancouver, Hide Hyodo, alimshawishi kufungua shule kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa mazoezi katika kambi za wakimbizi. Alichukua majukumu ya mkuu na mwalimu katika kambi ya Lemon Creek hadi 1944.<ref name="Uchida" />
== Elimu na Taaluma ==
Baada ya vita, Irene Uchida alibaki Kanada licha ya kuendelea kwa ubaguzi wa rangi dhidi ya Wajapani na kurudi kwa wanafamilia wengi huko Japani. Aliendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto kwa ufadhili na a makao wa Kanisa la Muungano la Kanada. Uchida alihitimu shahada ya shajada ya kwanza katika fasihi ya Kiingereza mwaka 1946. Katika kipindi hiki cha maisha yake, alifanya kazi pia kama mshonaji ili kusaidia kujiendeleza shuleni.
Uchida alipanga kufuata shahada ya uzamili katika kazi ya kijamii baada ya shahada yake. Hata hivyo, hali hiyo ilibadilika baada ya ushawishi wa Dk. Norma Ford Walker, ambaye alikuwa amemfundisha kozi ya utangulizi ya [[jenetikia]], kumtia moyo kuendelea na jenetikia. Alipata Ph.D (Shahada ya uzamivu) katika [[zoolojia]], mnamo mwaka 1951.<ref name="Uchida" />
== Kazi ==
Kuanzia 1951 hadi 1959, kama mshirika wa utafiti katika Hospitali ya Watoto Wagonjwa ya Toronto, Irene Uchida alianzisha moja ya rejista kubwa zaidi (database) huko Amerika Kaskazini. Aliitumia kutafiti matatizo ya vinasaba vya mapacha wenye ugonjwa wa moyo.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/irene-uchida-world-renowned-leader-in-genetics-research/article14324306/</ref>
Akitiwa moyo na Dk. Bruce Chown, daktari mashuhuri wa watoto, Uchida alifuata lengo lake la muda mrefu la kutengeneza maabara ya jenetiki huko Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mnamo 1959, kwa msaada wa Chown, alipata ruzuku ya mwaka mmoja ya Rockefeller Foundation kusoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin. Mwanzoni, Marekani ilikataa kuingia kwake nchini humo. Maafisa wa uhamiaji mpakani walimchukulia kama Mjapani licha ya kuzaliwa kwake Kanada. Idadi ya Wajapani kuingia nchini marekani ilikuwa kimejazwa kwa mwaka huo. Hatimaye, kwa msaada kutoka kwa rais wa chuo kikuu, alipata pasi maalum nakuingia nchini marekani. Kazi yake huko Wisconsin ililenga kromosomu katika nzi wa matunda.
Mnamo 1960, Hospitali ya Watoto huko Winnipeg ilimwajiri kama mkurugenzi wake wa jenetikia ya matibabu. Huko, Uchida alitengeneza jaribio la kimatibabu la trisomy-18 (Edwards syndrome), na hivyo kuanzisha mpango wa kwanza wa cytogenetics wa Kanada.<ref name="Uchida" /> <ref>https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3791260/</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}}
{{BD|1917|2013}}
[[Jamii:wanasayansi wa Kanada]]
[[Jamii:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2026 in Tanzania]]
orkhzep5fmyi4mvsvdzliwmysz8lz3c
Ukame nchini Kenya miaka 2008-9
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{{lugha}}
Katikati ya mwaka 2008 na mapema mwa mwaka 2010, Kenya, mojawapo ya mataifa ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]], iliathiriwa na kiangazi kikali kilichoweka watu milioni kumi katika tishio la baa la njaa na kuleta maangamizi ya wingi mkubwa wa ng'ombe na mbuzi. katika maeneo Kame na Nusu Kame ya Kenya (ASALs), ambayo yanachukua takriban asilimia 88 ya eneo lote la nchi.zikiunda karibu 88% ya nchi. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|first=Lammert|author=Zwaagstra|date=12 May 2010|title=A report to the European Union Delegation to the Republic of Kenya|url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/2057/assessment_drought_2010.pdf?sequence=3|accessdate=|work=cgspace.cgiar.org|archive-date=2022-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006175035/http://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/2057/assessment_drought_2010.pdf?sequence=3|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Huho |first=Julius M. |last2=Mugalavai |first2=Edward M. |date=January 2010 |title=The Effects of Droughts on Food Security in Kenya |url= |journal=The International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses |publisher=Common Ground Research Networks |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=61–72 |doi=10.18848/1835-7156/CGP/v02i02/37312 |issn=1835-7156}}</ref>
Sehemu zilizoathirika zaidi zilikuwa Kaskazini mwa Kenya, [[Somalia]] na Kusini mwa [[Ethiopia]], hasa katika [[Kaunti ya Kajiado|Kajiado]] na [[Kaunti ya Laikipia|Laikipia]]. Mikoa hii yenye wachungaji wengi iliripoti upotevu wa hadi nusu ya ng'ombe na mbuzi. Kiangazi nchini Kenya kimekuwa cha kawaida na kuleta uharibifu wa mazao huku asilimia sabini na tano ya wakazi wakitegemea kilimo kama chanzo cha riziki. <ref name=":1"/>
[[Faili:Transporting_Water_Kenyan_Arid_Areas.jpg|thumb|273x273px|Kusafirisha maji katika maeneo kame ya Kenya]]
Kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa mvua ya kila mwaka, ardhi kame na nusu kame za Kenya (ASALs) zinaathiriwa sana na ukame na mafuriko. Ardhi hizi zinaathiriwa na ongezeko la athari za [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi|mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa]] na hatari ya [[Kuongezeka Majangwa|kuenea kwa jangwa]] . [[Uhaba wa maji]] huacha usambazaji wa maji usioboreshwa kwa idadi kubwa ya watu, kwa hivyo maeneo haya huwa yametengwa, na yana viwango vya juu vya [[umaskini]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Schneck|first=Joshua|date=2020-06-23|title=Kenya - Arid and semi-arid lands|url=https://www.iucn.org/restoration-initiative/projects/kenya-arid-and-semi-arid-lands|accessdate=2020-11-10|work=IUCN|language=en|archive-date=2021-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222155059/https://www.iucn.org/restoration-initiative/projects/kenya-arid-and-semi-arid-lands|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[Jamii:Historia ya Kenya]]
[[Jamii:2009]]
6nn5iypgrl5kjacicbo136el0y7oyjf
Ziwa Kariba
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{{Infobox lake
| name = Ziwa Kariba
| image =
| caption = Mwonekano wa Ziwa Kariba
| location = [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]
| lake_type = Ziwa bandia
| inflow = [[Mto Zambezi]]
| outflow = [[Mto Zambezi]]
| basin_countries = Zambia, Zimbabwe
| length = km 223
| width = km 40
| area = km2 5580
| volume = km3 180
| max-depth = m 97
| elevation = m 479
| islands = Chete, Chikanka, Sekula na vingine
}}
'''Ziwa Kariba''' ni ziwa bandia lililopo katika [[Mto Zambezi]] mpakani mwa [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. Ni mojawapo ya maziwa makubwa zaidi ya bandia duniani kwa ujazo wa maji na eneo la uso wake. Ziwa hilo liliundwa kufuatia ujenzi wa [[Bwawa la Kariba]], ambalo lilikamilishwa mwaka 1959 kwa lengo la kuzalisha umeme wa maji kwa nchi hizo mbili.
Ziwa Kariba ni rasilimali muhimu kwa uzalishaji wa umeme, uvuvi, utalii, uhifadhi wa mazingira na usafiri wa majini katika kusini mwa Afrika. Aidha, limekuwa na mchango mkubwa katika maendeleo ya kiuchumi ya Zambia na Zimbabwe tangu kuanzishwa kwake.
== Jiografia ==
Ziwa Kariba lina urefu wa takribani kilomita 223 na upana unaofikia kilomita 40 katika sehemu zake pana zaidi. Lina eneo la uso la kilomita za mraba 5,580 na uwezo wa kuhifadhi takribani kilomita za ujazo 180 za maji.
Lipo katika Bonde la [[mto Zambezi]] na limezungukwa na [[Mlima|milima]], mabonde na maeneo ya savana yanayopatikana katika nchi za Zambia na Zimbabwe. Kiwango chake cha maji hutegemea mvua zinazonyesha katika maeneo ya juu ya bonde la Mto Zambezi.
Visiwa kadhaa vinapatikana ndani ya ziwa hilo, vikiwemo:
* Kisiwa cha Chete
* Kisiwa cha Chikanka
* Kisiwa cha Sekula
Visiwa hivyo ni makazi ya wanyamapori na maeneo muhimu kwa uhifadhi wa mazingira.
== Historia ==
Mpango wa kujenga Bwawa la Kariba ulianzishwa katika miaka ya 1950 wakati wa utawala wa Shirikisho la [[Rhodesia]] na [[Nyasaland]]. Ujenzi ulianza mwaka 1955 na kukamilika mwaka 1959.
Kufungwa kwa bwawa kulisababisha maji ya mto Zambezi kujikusanya na kuunda Ziwa Kariba. Mchakato wa kujaza ziwa uliendelea kwa miaka kadhaa hadi kufikia kiwango chake kikubwa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960.
Ujenzi wa bwawa na kuundwa kwa ziwa uliathiri maelfu ya wakazi wa jamii ya Watonga waliokuwa wanaishi katika Bonde la Zambezi. Takribani watu 57,000 walihamishwa kutoka maeneo yaliyofunikwa na maji kwenda maeneo mengine ya Zambia na Zimbabwe.
== Operesheni Noah ==
Kuundwa kwa ziwa kulitishia maisha ya maelfu ya wanyama waliokuwa wamekwama katika maeneo yaliyofurika. Ili kuokoa wanyama hao, operesheni maalumu iliyoitwa ''Operesheni Noah'' ilianzishwa.
Katika operesheni hiyo, maafisa wa [[wanyamapori]] waliwaokoa maelfu ya wanyama wakiwemo:
* [[Tembo]]
* [[Simba]]
* [[Swala]]
* [[Nyani]]
* [[Ngiri]]
* [[Chui]]
Operesheni Noah imebaki kuwa mojawapo ya juhudi kubwa zaidi za uokoaji wa wanyamapori kuwahi kufanyika duniani.
== Ikolojia ==
[[Faili:KaribaDam.jpg|thumb|Ziwa Kariba]]
Ziwa Kariba lina mfumo mkubwa wa ikolojia unaounga mkono aina nyingi za viumbe hai.
=== [[Samaki]] ===
Zaidi ya aina 40 za samaki zinapatikana katika ziwa hilo. Miongoni mwa samaki wanaovuliwa kwa wingi ni:
* [[Dagaa|Kapenta]] (''Limnothrissa miodon'')
* Tigerfish (''Hydrocynus vittatus'')
* Bream
Samaki aina ya kapenta waliletwa kutoka [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] katika miaka ya 1960 na baadaye wakawa msingi wa sekta ya uvuvi wa kibiashara katika Ziwa Kariba.
=== Wanyamapori ===
Maeneo yanayozunguka ziwa hilo yana utajiri mkubwa wa wanyamapori. Wanyama wanaopatikana kwa wingi ni pamoja na:
* [[Ndovu|Tembo]] wa Afrika
* [[Nyati wa Afrika|Nyati]]
* [[Viboko]]
* [[Mamba (mnyama)|Mamba]] wa Nile
* [[Simba]]
* [[Chui]]
* [[Fisi]]
Pia kuna mamia ya aina za ndege wa majini na ndege wahamiaji wanaotegemea mazingira ya ziwa hilo.
== [[Uchumi]] ==
=== Uzalishaji wa [[umeme]] ===
Umuhimu mkubwa wa Ziwa Kariba unatokana na uzalishaji wa umeme wa maji kupitia vituo vya nguvu vilivyopo katika Bwawa la Kariba.
Kituo cha upande wa [[Zambia]] na kile cha upande wa [[Zimbabwe]] huzalisha sehemu kubwa ya umeme unaotumika katika nchi hizo mbili.
=== [[Uvuvi]] ===
Uvuvi ni shughuli muhimu ya kiuchumi katika Ziwa Kariba. Sekta ya kapenta pekee huajiri maelfu ya watu katika shughuli za:
* Uvuvi
* Usafirishaji
* Uchakataji wa samaki
* Biashara ya samaki
=== [[Utalii]] ===
Ziwa Kariba ni mojawapo ya maeneo maarufu ya utalii katika kusini mwa Afrika.
Vivutio vya utalii ni pamoja na:
* [[Safari]] za mashua
* Uvuvi wa michezo
* Kuangalia wanyamapori
* Kupiga picha za mazingira
* Ziara za Bwawa la Kariba
Miji ya Kariba nchini Zimbabwe na Siavonga nchini Zambia ni vituo muhimu vya utalii katika eneo hilo.
== Changamoto za mazingira ==
Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Ziwa Kariba limekabiliwa na changamoto mbalimbali za mazingira, ikiwemo:
* Mabadiliko ya tabianchi
* Kupungua kwa kiwango cha maji
* Uvuvi kupita kiasi katika baadhi ya maeneo
* [[Uchafuzi wa mazingira]]
* Kuenea kwa mimea vamizi ya majini
Mabadiliko ya kiwango cha maji yanaweza kuathiri uzalishaji wa umeme na shughuli za kiuchumi zinazotegemea ziwa hilo.
== Umuhimu wa kikanda ==
Ziwa Kariba ni rasilimali ya kimkakati kwa nchi za Zambia na Zimbabwe. Mbali na uzalishaji wa umeme, ziwa hilo linachangia usalama wa chakula, ajira, biashara na maendeleo ya jamii zinazolizunguka.
Kwa sababu hiyo, usimamizi endelevu wa ziwa hilo ni muhimu kwa maendeleo ya muda mrefu ya nchi hizo mbili.
== Tazama pia ==
* [[Ziwa Tanganyika]]
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
== Viungo vya nje ==
* https://whc.unesco.org/
* https://www.zambeziriverauthority.com/ {{Wayback|url=https://www.zambeziriverauthority.com/ |date=20130422133529 }}
{{mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zambia]]
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Zimbabwe]]
[[Jamii:Mto Zambezi]]
[[Jamii:AWC2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Ziwa Akfadou
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'''Ziwa Akfadou''' (lilojulikana pia kama '''Ziwa Jeusi''' na '''Oqlimim Afrakan''' katika lugha ya Kiberber) ni ziwa lililopo katika Milima ya Djurdjura ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Djurdjura nchini [[Algeria]]. Linapatikana kati ya mikoa ya Tizi Ouzou na Béjaïa.
Lipo ndani ya [[Msitu]] wa Akfadou karibu na Barabara ya Taifa Na. 34 na linazungukwa na misitu minene ya mialoni.<ref>{{Citation|title=Tizi-Ouzou / Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou : une invitation au repos|url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/78281|work=Djazairess|access-date=2026-06-10|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202140046/http://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/78281|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Oqlimim Afrakan liko kwenye mwinuko wa takribani mita 1,200 juu ya usawa wa bahari na ni kivutio maarufu kwa watalii wanaopenda mazingira ya asili na utulivu mbali na shughuli za mijini.<ref>{{Citation|title=البحيرة السوداء بأكفادو جوهرة جرجرة التي تسحر العيون|url=https://www.djazairess.com/akhbarelyoum/188883|work=جزايرس|access-date=2026-06-10|archive-date=2017-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202135745/http://www.djazairess.com/akhbarelyoum/188883|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ziwa lina eneo la takribani hekta 3 na kina cha karibu mita 1. Uso wake huakisi rangi mbalimbali kulingana na hali ya mazingira, ikiwemo samawati ya anga, weupe wa mawingu na kijani kibichi cha miti inayolizunguka.
Kizuizi cha bandia kimejengwa upande mmoja wa ziwa ili kudhibiti kiwango cha maji. Baadhi ya miti iliyokuwa kandokando imezama sehemu ndani ya maji kutokana na kiwango hicho cha maji.
Eneo la ziwa hutembelewa na familia, makundi ya [[marafiki]] na watembea kwa miguu wanaokuja kupumzika na kufanya matembezi. Wageni wengi hutafuta kivuli chini ya miti inayozunguka ziwa, hasa wakati wa joto.
Katika eneo hilo pia hupatikana vyura wanaoruka pamoja na aina mbalimbali za wanyama wa porini. Miongoni mwa simulizi maarufu za eneo hilo ni kuhusu [[mjusi]] mkubwa anayepatikana juu ya shina la mti lililoanguka ndani ya maji, ambaye wageni wengine humwita kwa utani "dinosauri".
Karibu na ziwa kuna mabaki ya kijiji cha kale cha '''Mahaqa''', kinachojulikana kwa jina la kienyeji '''Akham Ojhali'''. Tovuti hii ya akiolojia inaaminika kuwa ya enzi za Waroma au hata kabla ya hapo, na bado inaendelea kuwavutia watafiti wanaochunguza historia ya eneo hilo.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Algeria}}
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Algeria]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Dawie Ackermann
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'''Dawid Schalk Pienaar "Dawie" Ackermann''' (3 Juni 1930 – 1 Januari 1970) alikuwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa [[Afrika Kusini]] wa mchezo wa Raga ya Muungano na Raga ya Ligi. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa flanker (au loose forward katika Raga ya Ligi).
== Maisha ya uchezaji katika rugby union ==
Ackermann alianza taaluma yake kama mchezaji wa raga ya muungano, akiichezea timu za Western Province na Transvaal. Pia alicheza mechi nane za kimataifa za majaribio kwa timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini kati ya mwaka 1955 na 1958.
== Maisha ya uchezaji katika rugby league ==
Mwaka 1962, Ackermann alikuwa miongoni mwa wachezaji kadhaa mashuhuri wa Afrika Kusini waliobadili kutoka rugby union kwenda rugby league. Alichaguliwa na RLSA kucheza katika mfululizo wa mechi tatu dhidi ya timu ya taifa ya Uingereza, ambayo ilikuwa ikirejea kutoka ziara yake ya mwaka 1962 nchini Australia na New Zealand.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Peter|last1=Lush|first2=Hendrik|last2=Snyders|title=Tries and Conversions: South African Rugby League Players|date=2015|publisher=London League Publications|isbn=978-1909885073}}</ref>
Ackermann alicheza katika mechi zote tatu za mfululizo huo na kufunga ''try'' moja katika mchezo wa pili.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Peter|last1=Lush|first2=Hendrik|last2=Snyders|title=Tries and Conversions: South African Rugby League Players|date=2015|publisher=London League Publications|isbn=978-1909885073}}</ref>
Mwaka 1963 alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichofanya ziara nchini Australia na New Zealand, na aliiongoza timu kama nahodha katika mechi mbili dhidi ya timu ya taifa ya Australia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Australia vs South Africa 1963 Series - Game 1|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/australia-vs-south-africa-1963/game-1/australia-vs-south-africa/summary.html|publisher=Rugby League Project|access-date=10 Novemba 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Australia vs South Africa 1963 Series – Game 2|url=http://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/matches/australia-vs-south-africa-1963/game-2/australia-vs-south-africa/summary.html|publisher=Rugby League Project|access-date=10 Novemba 2016}}</ref>
Baada ya rugby league kuporomoka nchini Afrika Kusini kufuatia ziara hiyo, Ackermann alilazimika kustaafu kutokana na marufuku iliyowekwa kwa wachezaji wa rugby league kushiriki katika mashindano ya rugby union.
Alifariki kutokana na mshtuko wa moyo mwezi Januari 1970 akiwa na umri wa miaka 39.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rugby star dies|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005765/19700105/305/0016|work=Evening News|date=5 Januari 1970|location=London|page=16|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mbegu-mtu}}
{{BD|1930|1970}}
[[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Afrika Kusini]]
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Usambazaji wa maji nchini Rwanda
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{{umbo}}
[[Faili:Water Tank in Kigali on the road.jpg|thumb|Lori la kusafirishia tangi la maji mjini [[Kigali]]]]
'''Ugavi wa maji''' na usafi wa mazingira nchini Rwanda una sifa ya sera iliyo wazi ya serikali na usaidizi mkubwa wa wafadhili. Kujibu uendelevu duni wa mifumo ya maji vijijini na ubora duni wa huduma, mwaka wa 2002 serikali za mitaa katika Mkoa wa Kaskazini wa Byumba zilitoa huduma kwa sekta binafsi ya ndani kwa njia ya ushirikiano wa umma na binafsi . Usaidizi wa ushirikiano wa umma na binafsi ukawa sera ya serikali mwaka wa 2004 na ushirikiano wa umma na binafsi ulioanzishwa ndani ulienea haraka, ukijumuisha 25% ya mifumo ya maji vijijini kufikia mwaka wa 2007.
== Miundombinu ==
Miundombinu ya maji nchini Rwanda ilijumuisha mifumo 15 ya maji ya mijini na takriban mifumo 796 ya maji ya vijijini mwaka wa 2002. <ref name="PRSP2">{{Cite web |url=http://povlibrary.worldbank.org/files/Rwanda_PRSP.pdf |title=PRSP p. 51 |accessdate=2026-06-11 |archive-date=2007-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614040647/http://povlibrary.worldbank.org/files/Rwanda_PRSP.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mifumo ya maji ya mijini hulishwa maji kutoka kwa mitambo 17 ya kutibu maji. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=EWSA Water Production|url=http://www.ewsa.rw/index.php/En/products-services/water/distribution-water|publisher=EWSA|accessdate=24 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324154818/http://www.ewsa.rw/index.php/En/products-services/water/distribution-water|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mifumo ya maji ya vijijini hulishwa zaidi na mabomba ya maji. Pampu za mikono zinazotumia maji ya ardhini na chemchemi zinazosimamiwa hutoa maji tofauti na mifumo ya maji.
== Rasilimali za maji na matumizi ya maji ==
Rwanda ina [[chemchemi]] 22,300 zilizosajiliwa katika orodha ya chemchemi. Jumla ya matumizi ya maji ilikadiriwa kuwa {{Convert|150|e6m3}} mwaka wa 2000, ambapo 24% ( {{Convert|36|e6m3}} kwa mwaka) ilikuwa kwa matumizi ya nyumbani, sawa na mita za ujazo 4 pekee kwa kila mtu kwa mwaka au takriban lita 11 kwa kila mtu kwa siku (140 cu ft/capita/mwaka au kama 3 Galoni za Marekani au galoni 2½ za kifalme/mtu/siku). <ref name="FAO">[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/rwanda/indexfra.stm FAO Aquastat]</ref> Chanzo kingine kinakadiria jumla ya matumizi ya maji kuwa {{Convert|800|e6m3}} kwa mwaka mwaka wa 1993, ambapo 5% ( {{Convert|40|e6m3}} kwa mwaka) zilikuwa kwa matumizi ya nyumbani. <ref name="WRI">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040716143242/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/Wat_cou_646.pdf WRI]</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu}}
[[Jamii:Rwanda]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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{{umbo}}
[[Faili:Water Tank in Kigali on the road.jpg|thumb|Lori la kusafirishia tangi la maji mjini [[Kigali]]]]
'''Ugavi wa maji''' na usafi wa mazingira nchini Rwanda una sifa ya sera iliyo wazi ya serikali na usaidizi mkubwa wa wafadhili. Kujibu uendelevu duni wa mifumo ya maji vijijini na ubora duni wa huduma, mwaka wa 2002 serikali za mitaa katika Mkoa wa Kaskazini wa Byumba zilitoa huduma kwa sekta binafsi ya ndani kwa njia ya ushirikiano wa umma na binafsi . Usaidizi wa ushirikiano wa umma na binafsi ukawa sera ya serikali mwaka wa 2004 na ushirikiano wa umma na binafsi ulioanzishwa ndani ulienea haraka, ukijumuisha 25% ya mifumo ya maji vijijini kufikia mwaka wa 2007.
== Miundombinu ==
Miundombinu ya maji nchini Rwanda ilijumuisha mifumo 15 ya maji ya mijini na takriban mifumo 796 ya maji ya vijijini mwaka wa 2002. <ref name="PRSP2">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://povlibrary.worldbank.org/files/Rwanda_PRSP.pdf |title=PRSP p. 51 |accessdate=2026-06-11 |archive-date=2007-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614040647/http://povlibrary.worldbank.org/files/Rwanda_PRSP.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mifumo ya maji ya mijini hulishwa maji kutoka kwa mitambo 17 ya kutibu maji. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=EWSA Water Production|url=http://www.ewsa.rw/index.php/En/products-services/water/distribution-water|publisher=EWSA|accessdate=24 March 2014|archive-date=2014-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324154818/http://www.ewsa.rw/index.php/En/products-services/water/distribution-water|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mifumo ya maji ya vijijini hulishwa zaidi na mabomba ya maji. Pampu za mikono zinazotumia maji ya ardhini na chemchemi zinazosimamiwa hutoa maji tofauti na mifumo ya maji.
== Rasilimali za maji na matumizi ya maji ==
Rwanda ina [[chemchemi]] 22,300 zilizosajiliwa katika orodha ya chemchemi. Jumla ya matumizi ya maji ilikadiriwa kuwa {{Convert|150|e6m3}} mwaka wa 2000, ambapo 24% ( {{Convert|36|e6m3}} kwa mwaka) ilikuwa kwa matumizi ya nyumbani, sawa na mita za ujazo 4 pekee kwa kila mtu kwa mwaka au takriban lita 11 kwa kila mtu kwa siku (140 cu ft/capita/mwaka au kama 3 Galoni za Marekani au galoni 2½ za kifalme/mtu/siku). <ref name="FAO">[http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/rwanda/indexfra.stm FAO Aquastat]</ref> Chanzo kingine kinakadiria jumla ya matumizi ya maji kuwa {{Convert|800|e6m3}} kwa mwaka mwaka wa 1993, ambapo 5% ( {{Convert|40|e6m3}} kwa mwaka) zilikuwa kwa matumizi ya nyumbani. <ref name="WRI">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040716143242/http://www.earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/Wat_cou_646.pdf WRI]</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu}}
[[Jamii:Rwanda]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina
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'''Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina''' zilianzishwa kwa mara ya kwanza ili kuwahifadhi [[Wapalestina]] waliokimbia makazi yao kwa kufukuzwa na kukimbia kwa hiari nchi yao wakati wa [[Vita vya Palestina vya 1948]].<ref>{{cite web |title= Israel-Palestine war: A brief history of refugee camps in Gaza |url= https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-brief-history-refugee-camps-gaza |website=Middle East Eye |date=19 December 2023 |last=MacDonald|first=Alex |access-date=17 June 2025}}</ref> Kambi hizo zilianzishwa na [[UNRWA|Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Misaada na Utoaji wa Kazi kwa Wakimbizi wa Palestina]] (UNRWA) nchini [[Yordani]], [[Lebanoni]], [[Syria]], [[Ukingo wa Magharibi]] na [[Ukingo wa Gaza]]. Wimbi lililofuata la wakimbizi wa Palestina lilitokea wakati wa [[Naksa]] baada ya [[Vita vya Siku Sita]] mnamo 1967.<ref>[[UNWRA]], [https://www.unrwa.org/etemplate.php%3Fid%3D86 Palestine refugees]</ref>
Kuna jumla ya kambi 68 za wakimbizi wa Palestina, kambi 58 rasmi na kambi 10 zisizo rasmi,<ref name=UNRWA2019>[https://www.un.org/unispal/document/unrwa-annual-operational-report-2019-for-the-reporting-period-01-january-31-december-2019/ UNRWA Annual Operational report 2019 for the Reporting period 01 January – 31 December 2019], kurasa 168-169, "Infrastructure and Camp Improvement Statistics"</ref> ambapo kumi kati yake zilianzishwa baada ya Vita vya Siku Sita wakati nyingine zote zilianzishwa kati ya mwaka 1948 hadi miaka ya 1950.
Ni thuluthi moja tu ya wakimbizi wa Palestina waliosajiliwa wanaoishi ndani ya mipaka ya kambi hizo za wakimbizi.<ref name=UNWRA2004table3/> Wengi wao wamejumuika kijamii na kiuchumi nje ya kambi.<ref name=Hanafi/> Wengi wanaishi katika maeneo ya kijiografia yaliyo jirani na kambi hizo.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/survey2016-2018-eng.pdf BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18], kurasa 29, 34, 35</ref>
Idadi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina waliosajiliwa iliongezeka kutoka 750,000 mnamo 1950 hadi kufikia takriban milioni 5 mnamo 2013.<ref name="WhoWeAre">{{cite web |url=http://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are |title=Who We Are - UNRWA |publisher=[[United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East|UNRWA]] |access-date=8 January 2014}}</ref>
== Historia ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="180px">
File:Nahr al-Bared refugee camp 1952.webp|[[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Nahr al-Bared]] nchini Lebanon, 1952
File:Shatila - street view (3).jpg|[[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Shatila]] pembezoni mwa mji wa [[Beirut]] mnamo 2019
</gallery>
=== Wajibu wa UNRWA ===
Mamlaka ya UNRWA ni kutoa misaada kwa wakimbizi wa Palestina, ikiwa ni pamoja na fursa ya kupata huduma katika kambi zake za wakimbizi. Kwa malengo haya, shirika hilo linawatafsiri wakimbizi wa Palestina kama "watu ambao makazi yao ya kawaida yalikuwa Palestina wakati wa kipindi cha tarehe 1 Juni 1946 hadi 15 Mei 1948, na ambao walipoteza nyumba na njia zao za kujipatia riziki kutokana na mgogoro wa 1948."<ref name="WhoWeAre"/>
UNRWA pia hutoa misaada kwa uzao wa upande wa baba wa wakimbizi hao, pamoja na watoto wao walioasiliwa kisheria.<ref name="WhoWeAre"/>
[[File:ShufatCampJuly142023 05.jpg|thumb|[[Kambi ya Shu'fat]] katika mji wa [[Yerusalemu]], 2023. Eneo rasmi la kambi hiyo liko katikati ya picha na lina sifa ya majengo ya ghorofa chache; pande zote mbili za kambi hiyo kuna vitongoji vya ziada vya Wapalestina vilivyo ng'ambo ya [[Ukuta wa Israeli wa Ukingo wa Magharibi]] (unaoonekana chini ya picha), ambapo majengo yake ni marefu zaidi.]]
[[File:Nabatieh Camp before and after.jpg|thumb|right|[[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Nabatieh]] kabla na baada ya kuharibiwa na jeshi la Israeli mnamo 1974]]
Ili kambi itambuliwe na UNRWA, lazima kuwepo na makubaliano kati ya serikali mwenyeji na UNRWA yanayosimamia matumizi ya kambi hiyo. UNRWA yenyewe haiendeshi kambi yoyote, haina mamlaka ya kipolisi wala wajibu wa kiutawala, bali inatoa tu huduma ndani ya kambi. UNRWA inatambua vituo katika kambi 58 zilizoteuliwa kama kambi za wakimbizi nchini [[Yordani]], [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[Ukingo wa Magharibi]] na [[Ukingo wa Gaza]], na pia hutoa huduma katika maeneo mengine ambapo idadi kubwa ya wakimbizi wa Palestina waliosajiliwa wanaishi nje ya kambi zinazotambuliwa. UNRWA pia ilitua misaada kwa Wayahudi waliokimbishwa makazi yao ndani ya [[Israeli]] kufuatia mgogoro wa 1948 hadi serikali ya Israeli ilipochukua jukumu la kuwahudumia mnamo 1952. Kambi za wakimbizi zilibadilika kutoka miji ya mahema hadi kuwa safu za nyumba za vitalu vya zege na kisha kuwa vitongoji duni vya mijini (ghettos) ambavyo havitofautiani na mazingira yanayovizunguka (kimsingi vikawa maeneo ya maendeleo ya mijini ndani ya miji iliyopo au vikiwa vyenyewe), ambavyo vinahifadhi takriban thuluthi moja ya wakimbizi wote wa Palestina waliosajiliwa.
Ufadhili wa shughuli za UNRWA unatokana karibu mzima na michango ya hiari kutoka kwa nchi wanachama wa Umoja wa Mataifa. UNRWA pia hupokea kiasi fulani cha fedha kutoka kwenye Bajeti ya Kawaida ya Umoja wa Mataifa, ambayo hutumiwa zaidi kwa ajili ya gharama za wafanyakazi wa kimataifa.<ref name="WhoWeAre"/>
== Orodha ya kambi ==
Kambi hizi zimegawanywa katika maeneo matano:
* Ukingo wa Gaza: [[Ukingo wa Gaza]] una kambi nane rasmi na hauna kambi isiyo rasmi,<ref name=UNRWA2019/> na una wakimbizi waliosajiliwa 1,221,110.
* Ukingo wa Magharibi: [[Ukingo wa Magharibi]] una kambi 19 rasmi na kambi nne zisizo rasmi,<ref name=UNRWA2019/> na una wakimbizi waliosajiliwa 741,409.
* Syria: [[Syria]] ina kambi tisa rasmi na kambi tatu zisizo rasmi,<ref name=UNRWA2019/> na ina wakimbizi waliosajiliwa 499,189.
* Lebanon: Kuna kambi 12 rasmi na hakuna kambi isiyo rasmi nchini [[Lebanon]],<ref name=UNRWA2019/> na ina wakimbizi waliosajiliwa 448,599.
* Yordani: Kuna kambi 10 rasmi na kambi tatu zisizo rasmi nchini [[Yordani]],<ref name=UNRWA2019/> na ina wakimbizi waliosajiliwa 2,034,641.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Jina !! Kuanzishwa !! Mahali !! Hali !! Majira nukta !! data-sort-type="number" | Idadi ya Watu !! data-sort-type=number | Eneo (km<sup>2</sup>) !! data-sort-type=number | Msongamano (watu/km<sup>2</sup>) !! Maoni !! Marejeo
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Yarmouk|Kambi ya Yarmouk]]
| 1957 || Syria || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord|33|28|27|N|36|18|11|E|region:SY}} || n.a. || 2.1 || n.a. || Imeharibiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa (hapo awali ilikuwa na idadi ya watu 160,000) || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/yarmouk-unofficial-camp UNRWA Yarmouk Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Rafah|Kambi ya Rafah]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|16|58.87|N|34|15|11.52|E|region:PS}} || 125,304 || n.a. || n.a. || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/rafah-camp UNRWA Rafah Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Baqa'a|Kambi ya Baqa'a]]
| 1968 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|32|04|25|N|35|50|35|E|region:JO}} || 119,000 || 1.4 || 85,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/baqaa-camp UNRWA Baqa'a refugee camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Jabalia|Kambi ya Jabalia]]
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|32|20.81|N|34|29|57.63|E|region:PS}} || 113,990 || 1.4 || 81,421 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/jabalia-camp UNRWA Jabalia Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Khan Yunis|Kambi ya Khan Yunis]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|21|3|N|34|17|18|E|region:PS}} || 87,816 || 0.549 || 159,956 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/khan-younis-camp UNRWA Khan Yunis Camp]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/gaza/khanyounis.html |title=UNRWA: Refugee camp profiles: Gaza field office (khan-younis-camp) |website=www.un.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060227195322/http://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/gaza/khanyounis.html |archive-date=27 February 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Al-Shati|Kambi ya Al-Shati]] (Kambi ya Pwani)
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|31|55.91|N|34|26|43.42|E|region:PS}} || 85,628 || 0.52 || 164,669 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/beach-camp UNRWA Al-Shati Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Nuseirat|Kambi ya Nuseirat]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|26|51.56|N|34|23|34.35|E|region:PS}} || 80,194 || n.a. || n.a. || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/nuseirat-camp UNRWA Nuseirat Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Ain al-Hilweh|Kambi ya Ain al-Hilweh]]
| 1948 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|32|37|N|35|22|41|E|region:TH}} || 59,660 || 0.3 || 198,867 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/ein-el-hilweh-camp UNRWA Ain al-Hilweh]</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.nyidanmark.dk/-/media/Files/US/Landerapporter/Factfindingmission_Lebanon_1998.pdf?la=en-GB&hash=E4C43FEDE9F92ED581945E636DD2B84B01FEB97E |title=Report on fact-finding mission to Lebanon 2 – 18 May 1998 |date=1 June 1998 |website=newtodenmark.dk |publisher=The [[Danish Immigration Service]] |format=PDF |access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Al-Wehdat|Kambi ya Al-Wehdat]] (Kambi Mpya ya Amman)
| 1955 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|31|55|35|N|35|56|18|E|region:JO}} || 57,000 || 0.48 || 118,750 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/amman-new-camp UNRWA Al-Wehdat refugee camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Marka|Kambi ya Marka]]
| 1968 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|32|00|33|N|36|01|14|E|type:city_region:JO}} || 53,000 || 0.92 || 57,609 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/marka-camp UNRWA Marka refugee camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Jaramana|Kambi ya Jaramana]]
| 1948 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|33|29|N|36|21|E|region:SY}} || 49,000 || 0.03 || 1,633,333 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/jaramana-camp UNRWA Jaramana]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Latakia|Kambi ya Latakia]]
| 1955–6 || Syria || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord|35|30|28|N|35|47|45|E|type:landmark_region:SY}} || 47,400 || 0.22 || 215,455 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/latakia-unofficial-camp UNRWA Latakia Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Bureij|Kambi ya Bureij]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|26|22.31|N|34|24|10.58|E|region:PS}} || 43,330 || 0.529 || 81,909 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/bureij-camp UNRWA Bureij]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/gaza/bureij.html |title=UNRWA: Refugee camp profiles: Gaza field office (bureij) |work=UNRWA |access-date=July 8, 2020 |archive-date=June 24, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070624022059/http://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/gaza/bureij.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Rashidieh|Kambi ya Rashidieh]]
| 1963 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|14|12.12|N|35|13|5.16|E}} || 34,584 || 0.25 || 138,336 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/rashidieh-camp UNRWA Rashidieh]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Jabal el-Hussein|Kambi ya Jabal el-Hussein]]
| 1952 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|31|57|52|N|35|54|23|E|type:edu}} || 32,000 || 0.42 || 76,190 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/jabal-el-hussein-camp UNRWA Al-Abdali]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Maghazi|Kambi ya Maghazi]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|25|16.89|N|34|23|07.35|E|region:PS}} || 31,329 || 0.6 || 52,215 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/maghazi-camp UNRWA Maghazi (camp)]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Jerash|Kambi ya Jerash]]
| 1968 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|32|16|20.21|N|35|53|29.03|E|region:JO,inline}} || 29,000 || 0.75 || 38,667 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/jerash-camp UNRWA Jerash]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Irbid|Kambi ya Irbid]]
| 1951 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|32|33|0|N|35|51|0|E|region:JO_type:city(292040)}} || 28,000 || 0.24 || 116,667 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/irbid-camp UNRWA Irbid]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Balata|Kambi ya Balata]]
| 1950 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|32|12|N|35|17|E}} || 27,000 || 0.25 || 108,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/balata-camp UNRWA Balata]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Deir al-Balah|Kambi ya Deir al-Balah]]
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Gaza || UNRWA || {{coord|31|25|33|N|34|20|26|E|region:PS}} || 25,569 || 0.16 || 159,806 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/deir-el-balah-camp UNRWA Deir al-Balah Camp]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/gaza/deirelbalah.html |title=UNRWA: Refugee camp profiles: Gaza field office (deirelbalah) |website=www.un.org |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060131073053/http://www.un.org/unrwa/refugees/gaza/deirelbalah.html |archive-date=31 January 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Husn|Kambi ya Husn]] (Kambi ya Shahidi Azmi el-Mufti)
| 1968 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|32|28|30|N|35|54|18|E|region:JO}} || 25,000 || 0.77 || 32,468 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/husn-camp UNRWA Husn Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Burj el-Shamali|Kambi ya Burj el-Shamali]]
| 1955 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|15|47|N|35|14|20|E}} || 24,929 || 0.134 || 186,037 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/burj-shemali-camp UNRWA Burj el-Shemali]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Shu'fat|Kambi ya Shu'fat]]
| 1965 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|48|44|N| 35|14|47|E|source:wikidata}} || 24,000 || 0.2 || 120,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/shufat-camp UNRWA Shu'fat camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Qabr Essit|Kambi ya Qabr Essit]]
| 1967 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|33|26|50|N|36|20|10|E|region:SY}} || 23,700 || 0.02 || 1,185,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/qabr-essit-camp UNRWA Qabr Essit]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Tulkarm|Kambi ya Tulkarm]]
| 1950 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|32|18|51|N|35|2|4|E}} || 21,500 || 0.18 || 119,444 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/tulkarm-camp UNRWA Tulkarm Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Beddawi|Kambi ya Beddawi]]
| 1955 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|34|27|0.64|N|35|52|9.17|E}} || 21,252 || 0.2 || 106,260 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/beddawi-camp UNRWA Beddawi refugee camp]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Zarqa|Kambi ya Zarqa]]
| 1949 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|32|05|N|36|06|E}} || 20,000 || 0.18 || 111,111 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/zarqa-camp UNRWA Zarqa]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Bourj el-Barajneh|Kambi ya Bourj el-Barajneh]]
| 1948 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|50|54|N|35|30|12|E|region:LB}} || 19,539 || 0.104 || 187,875 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/burj-barajneh-camp UNRWA Bourj el-Barajneh]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Souf|Kambi ya Souf]]
| 1967 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|32|18|30|N|35|53|7.37|E|type:city_region:IL}} || 19,000 || 0.5 || 38,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/souf-camp UNRWA Souf Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Askar|Kambi ya Askar]]
| 1950 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|32|13|11.51|N|35|17|50.77|E|region:PS}} || 18,500 || 0.119 || 155,462 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/askar-camp UNRWA Askar (camp)]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Al-Nayrab|Kambi ya Al-Nayrab]]
| 1948 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|36|10|32|N|37|13|40|E|region:SY}} || 18,000 || 0.15 || 120,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/neirab-camp UNRWA Al-Nayrab]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Dheisheh|Kambi ya Dheisheh]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|41|38.47|N|35|11|02.96|E|region:PS}} || 15,000 || 0.33 || 45,455 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/dheisheh-camp UNRWA Dheisheh]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Qalandia|Kambi ya Qalandia]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|33|19|55|N|36|19|56|E|region:SY}} || 14,800 || 0.42 || 35,238 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/kalandia-camp UNRWA Kalandia Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Al-Hassan|Kambi ya Al-Hassan]]
| 1967 || Yordani || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord|31|57|27|N| 35|58|19|E|region:PS}} || 14,068 || n.a. || n.a. || || <ref name="BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18">[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/survey2016-2018-eng.pdf BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18], kurasa 30-33</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Palestinian Refugees and Displaced Camps in Jordan: Prince Hassan Camp |url=https://dpa.gov.jo/EN/ListDetails/Palestinian_Refugees_And_Displaced_Camps_in_Jordan/2095/12 |website=dpa.gov.jo |access-date=2 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=al-Husseini |first1=Jalal |title=The Evolution of the Palestinian Refugee Camps in Jordan. Between Logics of Exclusion and Integration |url=https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/1742?lang=en |series=Villes, practices urbaines et construction nationale en Jordanie |publisher=Presses de l’Ifpo |access-date=2 January 2024 |pages=181–204 |language=en |date=13 February 2013|isbn=978-2-35159-315-8 }}</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Jenin|Kambi ya Jenin]]
| 1953 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|32|27|41|N|35|17|11|E}} || 14,000 || 0.42 || 33,333 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/jenin-camp UNRWA Jenin Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Jalazone|Kambi ya Jalazone]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|57|07.15|N|35|12|41.58|E|region:PS}} || 13,000 || 0.253 || 51,383 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/jalazone-camp UNRWA Jalazone]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Al-Sabinah|Kambi ya Al-Sabinah]]
| 1948 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|33|26|2|N|36|17|8|E|region:SY}} || 13,000 || 0.03 || 433,333 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/sbeineh-camp UNRWA Al-Sabinah]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Homs|Kambi ya Homs]]
| 1949 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|34|42|30.29|N|36|42|26.62|E|region:SY_type:city}} || 13,000 || 0.15 || 86,667 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/homs-camp UNRWA Homs Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Khan Danoun|Kambi ya Khan Danoun]]
| 1950 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|33|19|55|N|36|19|56|E|region:SY}} || 12,650 || 0.03 || 421,667 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/khan-dunoun-camp UNRWA Khan Dannun]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya El Buss|Kambi ya El Buss]]
| 1948 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|16|21|N|35|12|36|E}} || 12,281 || 0.08 || 153,513 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/el-buss-camp UNRWA El-Buss refugee camp]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Al-Arroub|Kambi ya Al-Arroub]]
| 1950 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|37|23.18|N|35|08|12.19|E|region:PS}} || 12,000 || 0.24 || 50,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/arroub-camp UNRWA Al-Arroub (camp)]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Khan al-Shih|Kambi ya Khan al-Shih]]
| 1949 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|33|21|30|N|36|6|26|E|region:SY}} || 12,000 || 0.69 || 17,391 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/khan-eshieh-camp UNRWA Khan al-Shih]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Shatila|Kambi ya Shatila]]
| 1949 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|51|46|N|35|29|54|E|region:LB_type:city(2000000)}} || 10,849 || 0.04 || 271,225 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/shatila-camp UNRWA Shatila refugee camp]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Nur Shams|Kambi ya Nur Shams]]
| 1952 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|32|19|07.36|N|35|03|31.63|E|region:PS}} || 10,500 || 0.21 || 50,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/nur-shams-camp UNRWA Nur Shams, Tulkarm]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Daraa|Kambi ya Daraa]]
| 1950 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|32|37|N|36|6|E|region:SY}} || 10,500 || 1.3 || 8,077 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/deraa-camp UNRWA Deraa]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Fawwar|Kambi ya Fawwar]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|28|46.45|N|35|03|52.93|E|region:PS}} || 9,500 || 0.27 || 35,185 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/fawwar-camp UNRWA Fawwar, Hebron]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Wavel|Kambi ya Wavel]]
| 1948 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|59|56.27|N|36|11|35.46|E|type:city}} || 9,460 || 0.043 || 220,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/wavel-camp UNRWA Wavel]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Hama|Kambi ya Hama]]
| 1950 || Syria || UNRWA || {{coord|35|08|N|36|45|E|region:SY}} || 9,000 || 0.06 || 150,000 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/hama-camp UNRWA Hama]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Aqabat Jaber|Kambi ya Aqabat Jaber]]
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|50|17.00|N|35|26|30.20|E|region:PS}} || 8,600 || 1.67 || 5,150 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/aqbat-jabr-camp UNRWA Aqabat Jaber]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Madaba|Kambi ya Madaba]]
| 1956 || Yordani || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord| 31|42|41|N| 35|47|15|E |region:PS}} || 8,597 || n.a. || n.a. || || <ref name="BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18"/>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Far'a|Kambi ya Far'a]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|32|17|38.35|N|35|20|39.74|E|region:PS}} || 8,500 || 0.26 || 32,692 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/fara-camp UNRWA Far'a]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Talbieh|Kambi ya Talbieh]]
| 1968 || Yordani || UNRWA || {{coord|31|42|19|N|35|56|57|E|region:JO}} || 8,000 || 0.13 || 61,538 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/talbieh-camp UNRWA Talbieh Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Ein Beit al-Ma'|Kambi ya Ein Beit al-Ma']] (Kambi Na. 1)
| 1950 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|32|13|48.91|N|35|14|58.42|E|region:PS}} || 7,500 || 0.045 || 166,667 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/camp-no-1-camp UNRWA Ein Beit al-Ma']</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Sokhna|Kambi ya Sokhna]]
| 1969 || Yordani || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord|32|7|59|N| 36|4|20|E|region:PS}} || 7,424 || n.a. || n.a. || wakati mwingine huandikwa kama 'Sakhna' au 'Sukhna' || <ref name="BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18"/>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Al-Am'ari|Kambi ya Al-Am'ari]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|53|38.60|N|35|12|41.52|E|region:PS}} || 7,000 || 0.096 || 72,917 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/amari-camp UNRWA Am'ari]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Ein Al-Tal|Kambi ya Ein Al-Tal]] (pia inajulikana kama kambi ya Handarat)
| 1962 || Syria || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord|36|17|34.84|N|37|9|24.86|E}} || n.a. || 0.16 || n.a. || Imeharibiwa kwa kiasi kibaya (hapo awali ilikuwa na idadi ya watu 7,000) || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/ein-el-tal-unofficial-camp UNRWA Ein el Tal]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Nahr al-Bared|Kambi ya Nahr al-Bared]]
| 1949 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|34|30|47|N|35|57|40|E|region:LB_type:city}} || 5,857 || 0.198 || 29,581 || Imejengwa upya, hapo awali ilikuwa na idadi ya watu 27,000 || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/nahr-el-bared-camp UNRWA Nahr al-Bared]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Mieh Mieh|Kambi ya Mieh Mieh]]
| 1954 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|32|30|N|35|23|29|E|region:TH}} || 5,747 || 0.054 || 106,426 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/mieh-mieh-camp UNRWA Mieh Mieh refugee camp]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Aida|Kambi ya Aida]]
| 1950 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|43|10.34|N|35|11|56.31|E|region:PS}} || 5,500 || 0.071 || 77,465 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/aida-camp UNRWA Aida (camp)]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Dbayeh|Kambi ya Dbayeh]]
| 1956 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|54|N|35|34|E}} || 4,591 || 0.084 || 54,655 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/dbayeh-camp UNRWA Dbayeh]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Ein es-Sultan|Kambi ya Ein es-Sultan]]
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|52|40.24|N|35|26|46.24|E|region:PS}} || 3,800 || 0.87 || 4,368 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/ein-el-sultan-camp UNRWA Ein as-Sultan]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya 'Azza|Kambi ya 'Azza]] (Beit Jibrin)
| 1950 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|42|54.78|N|35|12|07.61|E|region:PS}} || 2,900 || 0.027 || 107,407 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/beit-jibrin-camp UNRWA 'Azza]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Deir 'Ammar|Kambi ya Deir 'Ammar]]
| 1949 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || UNRWA || {{coord|31|57|57.22|N|35|05|55.98|E|region:PS}} || 2,500 || 0.162 || 15,432 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/deir-ammar-camp UNRWA Deir 'Ammar Camp]</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Qaddura|Kambi ya Qaddura]]
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord|31|54|3.32|N|35|12|21.18|E|region:PS}} || 1,558 || n.a. || n.a. || || <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://vprofile.arij.org/ramallah/pdfs/factsheet/Qaddura%20Camp_vp_en.pdf |title=Qaddura camp profile |website=vprofile.arij.org}}</ref>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Mar Elias|Kambi ya Mar Elias]]
| 1952 || Lebanon || UNRWA || {{coord|33|52|38|N|35|29|19|E|region:LB_type:landmark}} || 725 || 0.0054 || 134,259 || || <ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/lebanon/mar-elias-camp UNRWA Mar Elias refugee camp]</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Silwad|Kambi ya Silwad]]
| 1971 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || Isiyo rasmi ||{{coord|31|58|5|N| 35|15|41|E|region:PS}} || 462 || n.a. || n.a. || || <ref name="BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18"/>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Abu Shukheidim|Kambi ya Abu Shukheidim]]
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || Isiyo rasmi || || n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || Mji wa Abu Shukhaydam unaonekana kwenye ramani ukiwa takriban maili 1 Kusini Magharibi mwa [[Birzeit]] || <ref name="BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18"/>
|-
! [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Birzeit|Kambi ya Birzeit]] (As-Saqaeif)
| 1948 || Ukingo wa Magharibi || Isiyo rasmi || {{coord| 31|58|12|N |35|12|01|E|region:PS}}<!--Inakadiria, kutoka google maps-->
|| n.a. || n.a. || n.a. || || <ref name="BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18"/><ref>{{cite web |title=مخيم بير زيت |trans-title=Bir Zeit camp |url=https://palcamps.net/ar/camp/84 |website=palcamps.net |access-date=4 January 2024 |archive-date=4 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104005840/https://palcamps.net/ar/camp/84 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}
== Takwimu za idadi ya watu ==
Mabadiliko ya idadi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina yanaonyeshwa hapa chini:<ref name=UNWRA2004table2>[https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-178659/ Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, 1 July 2003-30 June 2004, Supplement No. 13 (A/59/13)] Jedwali la 2: Distribution of registered population (kama ilivyokuwa tarehe 30 Juni 2004)</ref><ref name=Hanafi>Ḥanafī, Sārī [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Palestinian-Refugee-Camps-in-the-Arab-East%3A-in-of-Ḥanafī/5fe726e0243501808d403ebb2fb230e5a1b45ba3 "Palestinian Refugee Camps in the Arab East: Governmentalities in Search of Legitimacy."] (2010), ukurasa wa 6</ref><ref name=BADIL>[https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/survey2016-2018-eng.pdf BADIL Refugee Survey 2016-18], ukurasa wa 30</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Enzi !! 1950 !! 1960 !! 1970 !! 1980 !! 1990 !! 2000 !! 2004 !! 2009 !! 2018
|-
! [[Yordani]]
| 506,200 || 613,743 || 506,038 || 716,372 || 929,097 || 1,570,192 || 1,758,274 || 1,951,603 || 2,242,579
|-
! [[Lebanon]]
| 127,600 || 136,561 || 175,958 || 226,554 || 302,049 || 376,472 || 396,890 || 422,188 || 475,075
|-
! [[Syria]]
| 82,194 || 115,043 || 158,717 || 209,362 || 280,731 || 383,199 || 417,346 || 461,897 || 560,139
|-
! [[Ukingo wa Magharibi]]
| – || – || 272,692 || 324,035 || 414,298 || 583,009 || 675,670 || 762,820 || 846,465
|-
! [[Ukingo wa Gaza]]
| 198,227 || 255,542 || 311,814 || 367,995 || 496,339 || 824,622 || 938,531 || 1,073,303 || 1,421,282
|-
! Jumla ya wakimbizi waliosajiliwa
| 914,221 || 1,120,889 || 1,425,219 || 1,844,318 || 2,422,514 || 3,737,494 || 4,186,711 || 4,671,811 || 5,545,540
|}
Idadi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina wanaoishi ndani ya maeneo ya kiutendaji yaliyosajiliwa na UNRWA inaonyeshwa hapa chini, ikijumuisha wale wanaoishi makambini na wale wanaoishi nje ya kambi:<ref name=UNWRA2004table3>[https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-178659/ Report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, 1 July 2003-30 June 2004, Supplement No. 13 (A/59/13)] Jedwali la 3: Number and distribution of special hardship cases (kama ilivyokuwa tarehe 30 Juni 2004)</ref><ref name=Hanafi/><ref name=BADIL/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Mwaka !! Watu waliosajiliwa (wakimbizi na wengineo) !! Wakimbizi waliosajiliwa makambini !! % ya wakimbizi waliosajiliwa makambini
|-
| 1953 || 870,158 || 300,785 || 34.6
|-
| 1955 || 912,425 || 351,532 || 38.5
|-
| 1960 || 1,136,487 || 409,223 || 36.0
|-
| 1965 || 1,300,117 || 508,042 || 39.1
|-
| 1970 || 1,445,022 || 500,985 || 34.7
|-
| 1975 || 1,652,436 || 551,643 || 33.4
|-
| 1980 || 1,863,162 || 613,149 || 32.9
|-
| 1985 || 2,119,862 || 805,482 || 38.0
|-
| 1990 || 2,466,516 || 697,709 || 28.3
|-
| 1995 || 3,246,044 || 1,007,375 || 31.0
|-
| 2000 || 3,806,055 || 1,227,954 || 32.3
|-
| 2005 || 4,283,892 || 1,265,987 || 29.6
|-
| 2010 || 4,966,664 || 1,452,790 || 29.3
|-
| 2015 || 5,741,480 || 1,632,876 || 28.4
|-
| 2018 || 6,171,793 || 1,728,409 || 28.0
|}
Jedwali hapa chini linaonyesha idadi ya wakimbizi waliosajiliwa, watu wengine waliosajiliwa, na wakimbizi wanaoishi makambini mnamo mwaka 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://unrwa.es/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/unrwa_in_figures_2019_eng_sep_2019_final.pdf |title=UNRWA in Figures 2019 |website=unrwa.es}}</ref> Ufafanuzi wa UNRWA kuhusu "Watu Wengine Waliosajiliwa" unamaanisha "wale ambao, wakati wa usajili wa awali hawakukidhi vigezo vyote vya UNRWA vya ukimbizi wa Palestina, lakini walionekana kupata hasara kubwa na/au shida kwa sababu zinazohusiana na mzozo wa 1948 nchini Palestina; pia inajumuisha watu ambao ni wanachama wa familia za watu wengine waliosajiliwa."<ref>[https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/content/resources/aor_2019_eng.pdf UNRWA Annual Operational Report 2019]</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Kipengele !! Yordani !! Lebanon !! Syria !! Ukingo wa Magharibi !! Ukingo wa Gaza !! Jumla
|-
| Wakimbizi waliosajiliwa || 2,242,579 || 475,075 || 560,139 || 846,465 || 1,421,282 || 5,545,540
|-
| Watu wengine waliosajiliwa || 133,902 || 58,810 || 83,003 || 201,525 || 149,013 || 626,253
|-
| Jumla ya watu waliosajiliwa || 2,376,481 || 533,885 || 643,142 || 1,047,990 || 1,570,295 || 6,171,793
|-
| Wakimbizi wanaoishi ndani ya mipaka rasmi ya kambi || 412,054 || 270,614 || 194,993 || 256,758 || 593,990 || 1,728,409
|-
| % ya wanaoishi ndani ya mipaka ya kambi || 18.4% || 57.0% || 34.8% || 30.3% || 41.8% || 31.2%
|}
==Marejeo==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliografia==
* {{cite book |author1=Are Knudsen |author2=Sari Hanafi |title=Palestinian Refugees: Identity, Space and Place in the Levan t|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QlIuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-88334-7 |pages=3–}}
==Viungo vya nje==
{{Commons category|Palestinian refugee camps}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.forcedmigration.org/research-resources/expert-guides/palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon/fmo018.pdf |title=Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon |website=www.forcedmigration.org |via=web.archive.org |accessdate=2026-06-13 |archive-date=2017-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207104159/http://www.forcedmigration.org/research-resources/expert-guides/palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon/fmo018.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.forcedmigration.org/research-resources/expert-guides/palestinian-refugees-in-syria/fmo017.pdf |title=Palestinian Refugees in Syria |website=www.forcedmigration.org |via=web.archive.org |accessdate=2026-06-13 |archive-date=2017-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810020055/http://www.forcedmigration.org/research-resources/expert-guides/palestinian-refugees-in-syria/fmo017.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.forcedmigration.org/research-resources/expert-guides/palestinian-refugees-in-jordan/fmo025.pdf |title=Palestinian Refugees in Jordan |website=www.forcedmigration.org |via=web.archive.org |accessdate=2026-06-13 |archive-date=2017-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828015322/http://www.forcedmigration.org/research-resources/expert-guides/palestinian-refugees-in-jordan/fmo025.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/as-rebuilding-begins-at-lebanons-nahr-al-bared-displaced-refugees-eager-to-return/ |title=As rebuilding begins at Lebanon's nahr al bared, displaced refugees are eager to return |website= |author1=William Wheeler |author2=Don Duncan |work=World Politics Review |date=11 March 2008}}
* {{cite web |url=http://alray.ps/en/index.php?act=post&id=2581 |title=UN refugee agency unveils Palestinian archive |website=alray.ps |via=web.archive.org |accessdate=2026-06-13 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215430/http://alray.ps/en/index.php?act=post&id=2581 |url-status=dead }}
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina|*]]
[[Jamii:Historia ya Palestina]]
pz2gkh52skj054qsikbcqq4oef972tb
Andrew Grove
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{{Infobox_Person
| jina = Andrew Grove
| jina_halisi = Gróf András István<ref name=Grove/>
| picha = Intel_Inside_(3607903903) (cropped).jpg
| ukubwawapicha = 200px
| maelezo_ya_picha = Grove mwaka 2009
| tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|1936|09|02}}
| mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Budapest, Hungaria
| tarehe_ya_kifo = {{Death date and age|2016|03|21|1936|09|02}}
| mahala_pa_kifo = Los Altos, California, Marekani
| elimu = Chuo cha Jiji la New York (Shahada ya Sayansi)<br>Chuo Kikuu cha California, Berkeley (PhD)
| anajulikana_kwa = Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu wa tatu wa Intel Corporation, afisa wa kwanza wa uendeshaji na mfanyakazi wa tatu, 1968
| mtangulizi = Gordon Moore
| mrithi = Craig Barrett
| kazi_mahususi = Kitabu cha chuo: ''Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices'' (1967)<br>Kitabu cha usimamizi: ''Only the Paranoid Survive'' (1996)
| tuzo = Tuzo ya J. J. Ebers (1974)<br>''Time'' Mtu wa Mwaka, 1997<br>Jarida la ''Chief Executive'', Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu wa Mwaka, 1997
| kazi = Mfanyabiashara, mhandisi, mshauri wa ngazi ya juu
| mwenzi = Eva Kastan (1958–kifo)
| watoto = 2<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35221693 "Former Intel chief Andrew Grove dies aged 79"] ''BBC'', Machi 22, 2016.</ref>
}}
'''Andrew '''"'''Andy'''"''' Stephen Grove''' ([[2 Septemba]] 1936 – [[21 Machi]] 2016) alikuwa mfanyabiashara na mhandisi Mmarekani mwenye asili ya nchi ya Hungaria ambaye alihudumu kama Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (CEO) wa tatu wa [[Intel|Intel Corporation.]] Aliondoka Hungaria wakati wa mapinduzi ya mwaka 1956 akiwa na umri wa miaka 20 pekee na kuhamia nchini Marekani, ambako alimalizia masomo yake. Alikuwa mfanyakazi wa tatu kuajiriwa na hatimaye Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu wa tatu wa "ntel", akibadilisha kampuni hiyo kuwa kampuni kubwa zaidi duniani.<ref name="Bloomberg">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com |title=Andrew Grove |date=2016 |website=Bloomberg.com |access-date=Juni 14, 2026}}</ref>
Kutokana na kazi yake ndani ya Intel, pamoja na vitabu na makala zake za kitaalamu, Grove alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika viwanda vya utengenezaji wa vifaa vya kielektroniki duniani kote.<ref name="nyt2001">{{cite news |last=Gaither |first=Chris |title=Intel's Former Chief Speaks Out on Innovation |url=https://www.nytimes.com |access-date=Juni 14, 2026 |work=The New York Times |date=Novemba 12, 2001}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1997, jarida la ''Time'' lilimchagua kama mtu hodari, kwa kuwa mtu aliyechangia zaidi ukuaji wa kustaajabisha wa nguvu na uwezo wa ubunifu wa chipu za kompyuta .<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |title=Andrew S. Grove, Intel Chief, Dies at 79 |url=https://www.nytimes.com |work=The New York Times |date=Machi 21, 2016 |access-date=Juni 14, 2026}}</ref><ref name="TimeMOTY">{{cite magazine |title=Man of the Year: Andrew Grove |url=https://time.com |magazine=Time |date=Desemba 29, 1997 |access-date=Juni 14, 2026}}</ref> Chanzo kimoja kinabainisha kuwa kwa mafanikio yake ndani ya Intel pekee, anastahili nafasi sawa na viongozi wakuu wa biashara wa karne ya 20.<ref name="Movers">{{cite book |title=Movers and Shakers: the 100 Most Influential Figures in Modern Business |publisher=Basic Books |year=2003 |pages=205–207}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{WFR}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]]
[[Jamii:Waliofariki 2016]]
[[Jamii:wahandisi wa Hungaria]]
[[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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Zara Mahamat Yacoub
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'''Zara Mahamat Yacoub''' ni mtengenezaji, mwongozaji wa [[filamu]], na [[mwandishi wa habari]] kutoka nchini [[Chad]].
== Wasifu ==
=== Maisha ya awali na elimu ===
Katika kipindi cha makuzi yake, Yacoub alitaka kuwa mwanasheria.<ref>{{Citation|title=JournalDuTchad.com: Mme Zara Mahamat Yacoub, femme de médias au Tchad|url=http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2633|access-date=2026-06-15|archive-date=2016-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027054234/http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2633|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yacoub alisoma masomo ya sanaa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Chad]]. Baadaye, alisoma mawasiliano, akibobea katika vyombo vya habari vya sauti na picha katika chuo cha ''Institut national de l'audiovisuel'' ''kilichopo Bry-sur-Marne, nchini [[Ufaransa]].''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yacoub|url=https://www.africanwomenincinema.org/AFWC/Yacoub.html|work=www.africanwomenincinema.org|accessdate=2026-06-15|language=en}}</ref>
=== Kazi ===
Aliporejea nchini Chad, Yacoub alifanya kazi kama mtangazaji na mwandishi wa habari wa redio. Baada ya kuanzishwa kwa kituo cha kwanza cha televisheni nchini humo, ''Télé Tchad'', alihamia huko na kuanza kufanya kazi kama mkuu wa vipindi. Yeye alikuwa mwanamke pekee katika kituo hicho kizima. Baadaye, Yacoub alipanda cheo na kuwa meneja mkuu wa Televisheni ya Taifa ya Chad. Pia alifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari kwa ajili ya kituo cha ''Channel'' ''Africa cha [[Afrika Kusini]].''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yacoub|url=https://www.africanwomenincinema.org/AFWC/Yacoub.html|work=www.africanwomenincinema.org|accessdate=2026-06-15|language=en}}</ref>
Kwa miaka kadhaa, Yacoub alifanya kazi kwa ajili ya Chama cha Vituo vya Redio Binafsi vya Chad (''Union des Radios Privées du Tchad'', URPT).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tchad : Zara Mahamat Yacoub reçue par le chef du gouvernement|url=https://www.alwihdainfo.com/Tchad-Zara-Mahamat-Yacoub-recue-par-le-chef-du-gouvernement_a10692.html|work=Alwihda Info|date=2014-04-12|accessdate=2026-06-15|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=JournalDuTchad.com: Mme Zara Mahamat Yacoub, femme de médias au Tchad|url=http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2633|access-date=2026-06-15|archive-date=2016-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027054234/http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2633|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=JournalDuTchad.com: Tchad: Le 5ème congrès de lURPT sest ouvert à NDjaména|url=http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2010|access-date=2026-06-15|archive-date=2016-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027054236/http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aidha, alikuwa mkuu wa kituo cha redio binafsi cha ''Dja FM''.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mak|title=Tchad: Zara Mahamat Yacoub, arrêtée puis relâchée, la population de Ndjaména reste mobilisée - Makaila, plume combattante et indépendante|url=http://www.makaila.fr/2015/06/tchad-zara-mahamat-yacoub-arretee-puis-relachee-la-population-de-ndjamena-reste-mobilisee.html|work=Makaila, plume combattante et indépendante|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-06-15|archive-date=2020-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029155721/http://www.makaila.fr/2015/06/tchad-zara-mahamat-yacoub-arretee-puis-relachee-la-population-de-ndjamena-reste-mobilisee.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza kuzindua kituo huru cha redio nchini Chad.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tchad : Zara Mahamat Yacoub reçue par le chef du gouvernement|url=https://www.alwihdainfo.com/Tchad-Zara-Mahamat-Yacoub-recue-par-le-chef-du-gouvernement_a10692.html|work=Alwihda Info|date=2014-04-12|accessdate=2026-06-15|language=fr}}</ref> Alitangaza kuwa vituo vya redio vya kijamii vinacheza nafasi muhimu katika maendeleo ya Chad, lakini havipokei msaada wa kutosha kutoka kwa serikali ya Chad.<ref>{{Citation|title=JournalDuTchad.com: Tchad: Le 5ème congrès de lURPT sest ouvert à NDjaména|url=http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2010|access-date=2026-06-15|archive-date=2016-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027054236/http://www.journaldutchad.com/article.php?aid=2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Mbali na kazi yake katika Televisheni ya Chad, Yacoub pia ametengeneza filamu fupi kadhaa, hasa za makala, kupitia kampuni yake ya utayarishaji, ''Sud Cap Production'', aliyoianzisha mwaka [[2001]]. Katika filamu zake na hata nje ya skrini, Yacoub amejitolea kupigania haki za binadamu zaidi, hasa usawa wa wanawake nchini Chad, jambo ambalo lilimfanya kuwa mlengwa wa ukandamizaji. Filamu yake fupi ''"Dilemme au féminin"'', iliyokosoa ukeketaji wa wanawake, ilileta utata mkubwa sana.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=oGB486_zeFYC&pg=PA24&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=French-speaking Women Film Directors: A Guide|last=Pallister|first=Janis L.|date=1997|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|isbn=978-0-8386-3736-4|language=en}}</ref> Filamu hiyo ilisababisha maandamano makali nchini humo na fatwa ilitolewa dhidi yake kwa sababu ya utupu na maudhui mengine yaliyochukuliwa kuwa ya kukera.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/censorshipworlde0002unse|title=Censorship : a world encyclopedia|date=2001|publisher=London ; Chicago : Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-57958-135-0}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=IWRAW: Publications: The Women's Watch: January 1996|url=https://hrlibrary.umn.edu/iwraw/ww9-3-1996.html|work=hrlibrary.umn.edu|accessdate=2026-06-15}}</ref>
=== Kukamatwa ===
Mnamo mwaka 2015, alikamatwa baada ya ugomvi kuzuka kati ya familia yake na wafanyabiashara fulani waliotaka kununua nyumba yake. Yacoub aliachiliwa baada ya majirani kuingilia kati.<ref>{{Citation|last=Mak|title=Tchad: Zara Mahamat Yacoub, arrêtée puis relâchée, la population de Ndjaména reste mobilisée - Makaila, plume combattante et indépendante|url=http://www.makaila.fr/2015/06/tchad-zara-mahamat-yacoub-arretee-puis-relachee-la-population-de-ndjamena-reste-mobilisee.html|work=Makaila, plume combattante et indépendante|language=fr-FR|access-date=2026-06-15|archive-date=2020-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029155721/http://www.makaila.fr/2015/06/tchad-zara-mahamat-yacoub-arretee-puis-relachee-la-population-de-ndjamena-reste-mobilisee.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliendesha kipindi cha mafunzo kuhusu uandishi wa habari za uchaguzi mwaka 2016, akizingatia zaidi ujuzi wa kuripoti, maadili na mwenendo wa kitaaluma.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161105033123/http://fr.africatime.com/articles/des-journalistes-tchadiens-en-formation-sur-la-couverture-des-elections</ref>
==Tanbihi==
{{marejeo}}
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:watu wa Chad]]
[[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]]
[[Jamii:WCZ Culture]]
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Maporomoko ya El-Ourit
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{{Mto|jina=Cascades d'El Ourit|picha=Cascades d'El Ourit.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya El-Ourit''' (Kiarabu: شلال لوريط) yapo kilomita saba kutoka mji wa Tlemcen, karibu na Barabara ya Kitaifa ya Algeria, katika eneo la milimani lililofunikwa na miti ya misonobari. Maporomoko haya yanaundwa na ngazi saba za maji zinazounda mandhari ya asili ya Bonde la Mto Oued El-Ourit. Mto huo ulikuwa mkavu kwa takribani miaka 40 kabla ya maji kurejea tena mwaka 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=El-Ourit Waterfalls Tickets [2026] - Promos, Prices, Reviews & Opening Hours|url=https://www.trip.com/travel-guide/attraction/terni-ben-hadiel/el-ourit-waterfalls-55987530/?locale=en-XX&curr=USD|work=TRIP.COM|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=en-XX}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Algeria}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya El Ourit|picha=Cascades d'El Ourit.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya El-Ourit''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: شلال لوريط) yapo kilomita saba kutoka mji wa [[Tlemcen]], karibu na Barabara ya Kitaifa ya Algeria, katika eneo la milimani lililofunikwa na miti ya misonobari. Maporomoko haya yanaundwa na ngazi saba za maji zinazounda mandhari ya asili ya Bonde la Mto Oued El-Ourit. Mto huo ulikuwa mkavu kwa takribani miaka 40 kabla ya maji kurejea tena mwaka 2009.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Algeria}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:jiografia ya Algeria]]
rfco9sp6j46ofslqh1hvqgn10hf8prd
Maporomoko ya Kamalo
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[[Faili:Cascade Kamalo Kpalime.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Kamalo Kpalimé]]
'''Maporomoko ya Kamalo''' ni [[Maporomoko ya maji|maporomoko]] ya asili ya maji yaliyo karibu na mji wa Missahoé, kusini-magharibi mwa [[Togo]], katika Wilaya ya Kloto na [[Mkoa wa Plateaux, Togo|Mkoa wa Plateaux]].
Maporomoko haya yapo katikati ya msitu hifadhiwa wa Missahoé. Yanajulikana kuwa maporomoko yanayotembelewa zaidi nchini Togo kutokana na mandhari yake ya kuvutia na mazingira ya asili yaliyojaa miti na uoto wa kijani.
Kamalo Falls ni kivutio muhimu cha utalii, hasa kwa wageni wanaopenda [[mazingira]] ya asili na maeneo tulivu ya maporomoko ya [[Maji|maji.]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kamalo, la cascade la plus visitée du Togo - Le Nouveau Reporter|url=https://lenouveaureporter.com/kamalo-la-cascade-la-plus-visitee-du-togo/|date=2020-06-30|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
[[Jamii:jiografia ya Togo]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Usambazaji wa maji nchini Sudan
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'''[[Sudan]]''' ni nchi ambayo nusu yake ni jangwa na sehemu kubwa ya idadi ya watu inasumbuliwa na uhaba wa maji safi ya kunywa pamoja na chanzo cha kuaminika cha maji kwa ajili ya kilimo. Pamoja na [[Mto Nile]] katika sehemu ya mashariki ya nchi, baadhi ya sehemu za Sudan zina rasilimali kubwa za maji, lakini zile zilizopo magharibi hulazimika kutegemea ''wadis'', visima vya msimu ambavyo mara nyingi hukauka. Kukosekana kwa uwiano huu katika upatikanaji wa maji ni chanzo cha dhiki, na pia chanzo cha migogoro. Wakati vifaa vya kuhifadhia maji vikiwa vichache, jamii nyingi za wenyeji zimejenga mabwawa na hifadhi za muda, ''weirs'', ambazo husaidia katika kuimarisha jamii za wakulima. [[Wakulima]] pia hutumia ''hafirs'' kuhifadhi maji ya mvua ambayo hunyesha katika msimu wa mvua, lakini maji ya chini ya ardhi yanasalia kuwa chanzo muhimu cha maji kwa zaidi ya 80% ya watu wa [[Sudan]]. Kwa miongo kadhaa, ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa umesababisha hali mbaya na kukwamisha miradi mingi na juhudi za misaada, lakini msaada unaendelea kufika. Miradi kadhaa ya miundombinu ya maji imetekelezwa katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, ikiwa na vyanzo vya ufadhili vya ndani na kimataifa.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-43170408</ref>Ufadhili kutoka UN umewapatia wakulima 9,550 wa eneo hilo uwezo bora wa kufikia maji na udongo wenye rutuba. Mradi ambao pia unapanga kupanda tena uoto wa misitu katika ''wadi'' ili kuzuia kuenea kwa [[jangwa]].
== Rasilimali za maji ==
Mto Nile unapita katika sehemu ya mashariki ya nchi na kuwapa sehemu kubwa ya watu wanaoishi karibu nao maji ya kutosha kwa ajili ya kunywa na kilimo. Maeneo oevu yanayopakana na Mto Nile yanashughulikia karibu 10% ya nchi, na kusaidia mifumo ya ikolojia ya kingo za mito yenye utofauti mkubwa.<ref>{{Citation|title=Water Resources in Sudan - Fanack Water|url=https://water.fanack.com/sudan/water-resources-sudan/|work=Fanack Water|language=en-US|access-date=2026-06-17|archive-date=2018-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216074258/https://water.fanack.com/sudan/water-resources-sudan/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Watu wengine wanaoishi katika eneo kame zaidi la magharibi hutegemea visima au wadi za msimu ili kupata maji yao ya kila siku''. Wadi'' hizi ni vitanda vya mito vikavu kwa sehemu kubwa ya mwaka, lakini watu wanaweza kufikia maji ya chini ya ardhi yanayokusanyika hapo chini kwa kuchimba mashimo ya visima.
== Ubora ==
Jambo lingine linalotia wasiwasi nchini Sudan ni ubora wa maji ambayo watu wanayapata. Katika Sudan ya mashariki, utafiti uliofanywa katika miji ya [[Wad Madani]] na Al [[Khartoum]] ulifichua kuwa 86% ya maji katika mabomba ya umma yalifikia viwango vya ubora vya Sudan na vile vya kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Collective Action for Improved Water Management|url=http://sd.one.un.org:80/content/unct/sudan/en/home/our-stories/collective-action-for-improved-water-management.html|work=sd.one.un.org|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=en}}</ref> Katika eneo la Darfur, uhaba wa maji umeenea zaidi, huku watu wengi wakikabiliwa mara kwa mara na hali ya ukame na njaa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Collective Action for Improved Water Management|url=http://sd.one.un.org:80/content/unct/sudan/en/home/our-stories/collective-action-for-improved-water-management.html|work=sd.one.un.org|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=en}}</ref> Sehemu kubwa ya magharibi ya Sudan haina uwezo wa kupata maji bora kwa mwaka mzima, kwani ''wadi'' hukauka kwa sehemu kubwa ya mwaka isipokuwa mvua kubwa ikinyesha. Kutokana na ukosefu wa utulivu katika sehemu kubwa ya eneo hili la nchi, ubora wa maji hupungua kwa kiasi kikubwa ukilinganishwa na eneo la mashariki lenye usalama zaidi wa maji.
== Matibabu ya Maji ==
Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Huduma za Miradi (UNOPS), ilikarabati kiwanda cha kusafisha maji ambacho hakikutumika mjini El Fasher, mji mkuu wa jimbo la Darfur, kwa kufunga mtambo wa klorini ili kuhakikisha ubora wa maji. Mtambo huu sasa unazalisha maji ya kutosha kwa watu 37,500 kwa siku.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bringing clean water to the people of Sudan|url=http://sd.one.un.org/content/unct/sudan/en/home/our-stories/bringing-clean-water-to-the-people-of-sudan.html|work=sd.one.un.org|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=en}}</ref>
== Mipango ya kuboresha ==
Shirika linaloitwa Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Huduma za Miradi (UNOPS) limefanya miradi ya mitambo ya klorini katika mji mkuu wa Darfur, El Fasher, likiwa na ufadhili mkubwa kutoka nchini Japani. Shirika hilo lilifanya ukarabati wa kiwanda cha kusafisha maji mwaka 2010, kisha likafunga mtambo wa klorini ili kuboresha ubora wa maji kwa ajili ya watu zaidi ya 37,500.<ref>{{Citation|title=Bringing clean water to the people of Sudan - Sudan|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/bringing-clean-water-people-sudan|work=ReliefWeb|language=en|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref> Katika mji wa El Daein, UNOPS ilifanya miradi ya kukarabati miundombinu ya kusafisha maji, ikisaidia zaidi ya watu 50,000 kupata maji safi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bringing clean water to the people of Sudan|url=http://sd.one.un.org/content/unct/sudan/en/home/our-stories/bringing-clean-water-to-the-people-of-sudan.html|work=sd.one.un.org|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=en}}</ref> Japani imechukua nafasi kubwa kwa kutoa ufadhili na utaalamu katika miradi ya kuendeleza maeneo ya vijijini ya Sudan na upatikanaji wake wa maji safi. UNOPS imekamilisha miradi ambayo sasa inasaidia zaidi ya watu 250,000 kupata chanzo cha maji ya kunywa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sustainable water supply for towns in Darfur|url=https://www.unops.org/news-and-stories/stories/sustainable-water-supply-for-towns-in-darfur|work=UNOPS|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
[[Jamii:WCZ Culture]]
[[Jamii:Sudan]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Usambazaji wa maji nchini Namibia
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[[Faili:Flag of Namibia.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Namibia]]
'''[[Namibia]]''' ni nchi kame ambayo mara kwa mara hukumbwa na ukame. Mito mikubwa hutiririka tu kando ya mipaka yake ya kaskazini na kusini, lakini iko mbali na vituo vya watu. Pia iko mbali na migodi ya nchi hiyo, ambayo ni watumiaji wakubwa wa maji. Ili kukabiliana na changamoto hii, nchi imejenga mabwawa ili kunasa mtiririko kutoka kwa mito ya msimu, imejenga mabomba ya kusafirisha maji kwa umbali mrefu, imekuwa waanzilishi wa utumiaji tena wa maji ya kunywa katika mji mkuu wake Windhoek ulioko sehemu ya kati ya Namibia, na imejenga mtambo wa kwanza mkubwa wa kusafisha maji ya bahari katika Afrika ya Kusini mwa [[Jangwa la Sahara]] ili kusambaza maji kwa mgodi wa urani na jiji la [[Swakopmund]]. Mpango mkubwa wa kuleta maji kutoka Mto [[Okavango]] kaskazini hadi Windhoek, ''Eastern National Water Carrier'', ulikamilika kwa sehemu tu wakati wa miaka ya 1980.
Wakazi wengi wa mijini wanapata huduma ya maji ya kunywa, lakini upatikanaji uko nyuma katika maeneo ya vijijini. Upatikanaji wa huduma za usafi wa mazingira pia uko nyuma sana kulinganisha na upatikanaji wa huduma ya maji ya kunywa. Miundombinu ya usambazaji wa maji kwa wingi inamilikiwa na ''NamWater'', taasisi ya umma inayofanya kazi kwa misingi ya kibiashara. Inauza maji kwa makampuni ya madini, na pia kwa manispaa ambazo nazo huwauzia wakazi wa mjini na [[wafanyabiashara]].
== Rasilimali za maji ==
[[Faili:Namibia-1113.jpg|thumb|Namibia kimsingi ni jangwa kubwa na uwanda wa nusu jangwa.]]
Hali ya hewa ya Namibia ni ya joto na kavu, ikiwa na mvua zisizotabirika wakati wa misimu miwili ya mvua ya kiangazi. Katika Afrika, hali yake ya ukame inashika nafasi ya pili baada ya Sahara. Namibia inashirikiana na nchi nyingine mito kadhaa mikubwa, kama vile [[Mto Orange]] kusini, inayoshirikiana na [[Afrika Kusini|Afrika]] [[Afrika Kusini|Kusini]], pamoja na mito ya [[Zambezi (mto)|Zambezi]] na [[Okavango]] kaskazini, inayoshirikiana na Angola, Zambia, na [[Botswana]]. Hata hivyo, mito hii iko mbali sana na vituo vya watu na gharama za kuiteka kwa ajili ya usambazaji wa maji ya kunywa ni kubwa mno.
=== Maji ya ardhini ===
Maji ya chini ya ardhi yamesambazwa bila usawa katika eneo lote la Namibia, jambo linalofanya ujenzi wa mabomba kuwa wa lazima ili kutumia uwezo wake. Hasa, eneo la mwambao halina maji ya chini ya ardhi karibu kabisa. Ujazaji wa maji katika maeneo haya ni mdogo na hauwezi kutegemewa, maji ya chini ya ardhi yapo katika kina kirefu na wakati mwingine huwa na ubora duni.
== Wajibu wa usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira ==
Wizara ya Kilimo, Maji na Misitu ndiyo inayohusika na usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji, usambazaji wa maji ya kunywa, na usafi wa mazingira nchini Namibia. Ndani ya Wizara hiyo, Idara ya Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Maji na Idara ya Uratibu wa Maji Vijijini na Usafi wa Mazingira ndizo zinazosimamia usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Cash Advance {{!}} Debt Consolidation {{!}} Insurance {{!}} Free Credit Report {{!}} Cell Phones at Ncci-Namibia.org|url=http://www.ncci-namibia.org/m/sites/view/Namibia-Water-Corporation-Ltd|work=www.ncci-namibia.org|accessdate=2026-06-17|archive-date=2012-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330225829/http://www.ncci-namibia.org/m/sites/view/Namibia-Water-Corporation-Ltd|url-status=dead}}</ref> NamWater ni msambazaji wa maji kwa wingi anayemilikiwa na serikali, ambaye anaendesha mabwawa, mabomba, na mitambo ya kusafisha maji nchi nzima. Iliyoundwa mwaka 1997, inatoa na kuuza maji kwa migodi, pamoja na manispaa ambazo nazo husambaza na kuuza maji hayo kwa kaya, biashara, na ofisi katika maeneo yao husika ya huduma.<ref>https://www.infrastructureafrica.org/</ref> Katika maeneo ya vijijini, Kurugenzi ya Usambazaji Maji Vijijini ya Wizara ya Kilimo, Maji na Misitu ndiyo inayohusika na usambazaji wa maji na usafi wa mazingira.
== Marejeo ==
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]]
[[Jamii:Namibia]]
[[Jamii:WCZ Culture]]
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Maporomoko ya Nile ya buluu
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[[Faili:Blue Nile Falls-03, by CT Snow.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Nile ya Bluu]]
'''Maporomoko ya Nile ya buluu''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyopo kwenye [[Nile ya buluu]] katika eneo la Gondar ya kusini, [[Jimbo la Amhara]] nchini Ethiopia. Kwa lugha ya [[Kiamhari]], yanajulikana kama '''Tis Abay''', maana yake ikiwa ''"moshi mkubwa"'', kutokana na ukungu mkubwa unaotokana na maji yanapoanguka.
Maporomoko hayo yapo katika sehemu ya juu ya mkondo wa [[mto]] Nile ya buluu, takribani [[kilomita]] 30 kutoka Bahir Dar na [[Tana (ziwa)|ziwa Tana]]. Ni miongoni mwa vivutio vya utalii vinavyojulikana zaidi nchini Ethiopia.
Maporomoko hayo yana urefu wa mita 42 na yanaundwa na mikondo minne ya maji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Blue Nile Falls {{!}} Tis Abay {{!}} Brilliant Ethiopia {{!}} Brilliant Ethiopia|url=https://www.brilliant-ethiopia.com/regions/blue-nile-falls|work=www.brilliant-ethiopia.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-GB}}</ref> Wakati wa kiangazi, mikondo hiyo inaweza kuwa midogo sana, lakini wakati wa msimu wa mvua huweza kufikia upana wa zaidi ya mita 400. Udhibiti wa maji kutoka Ziwa Tana na ujenzi wa kituo cha kuzalisha umeme wa maji tangu mwaka 2003 umepunguza kiasi cha maji kinachopita kwenye maporomoko hayo, isipokuwa wakati wa msimu wa mvua.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Freshwater Ecoregions of the World|url=https://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php%3Feco%3D526|work=www.feow.org|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Nile ya Bluu yamechangia kutenganisha mfumo wa ikolojia wa [[Ziwa]] Tana na mfumo wa ikolojia wa sehemu nyingine za Mto Nile. Kutokana na hali hiyo, baadhi ya viumbe wa Ziwa Tana wameendelea na mageuzi yao kwa namna ya kipekee na hupatikana katika ziwa hilo pekee.
Umbali mfupi chini ya [[maporomoko]] hayo kuna daraja la kwanza la mawe kujengwa nchini [[Ethiopia]]. Daraja hilo lilijengwa mwaka 1626 kwa amri ya Mfalme Susenyos I. Ujenzi wake ulisimamiwa na fundi kutoka India aliyekuwa ameandamana na Afonso Mendes.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ethiopia}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ethiopia]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
relvff2opv1ml20096v3qr7brnz07nj
Maporomoko ya Jin Bahir
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1574498
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[[Faili:SemienWaterfall.jpg|thumb]]
[[Faili:Jinbar Waterfall.jpg|thumb]]
'''Maporomoko ya Jin Bahir''' (pia hujulikana kama '''Maporomoko ya Jinbar''' au '''Maporomoko ya Maji Jinbar''') ni maporomoko makubwa ya [[maji]] yaliyopo katika [[Milima ya Simien]] nchini [[Ethiopia]]. Maporomoko haya hulishwa na [[maji]] ya [[Mto Jinbar]].
Maji ya maporomoko hayo huanguka kutoka urefu wa takribani [[mita]] 500, jambo linaloyafanya kuwa miongoni mwa maporomoko makubwa zaidi barani [[Afrika]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jinbar Waterfall - Simien Mountains National Park|url=https://simienmountain.org/destinations/jinbar-waterfall/|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Kiwango cha maji katika maporomoko haya huongezeka wakati wa msimu wa mvua, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jinbar Waterfall {{!}} Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia {{!}} Attractions|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/points-of-interest/jinbar-waterfall/1555821|work=Lonely Planet|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>na kufanya mandhari yake kuwa ya kuvutia zaidi. Maeneo ya kutazamia maporomoko hayo yanaweza kufikika kutoka mji wa Ayehu.
Eneo linalozunguka maporomoko haya ni makazi ya aina mbalimbali za ndege. Mwandishi Harry Loots aliwahi kuona tai aina ya '''Tai wa Rüppell''' karibu na maporomoko hayo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kagaEAAAQBAJ&dq=Jin+bahir+falls&pg=PA33|title=From Platberg to Kilimanjaro: via Mount Stanley, Mount Kenya, and Mont-aux-Sources|last=Loots|first=Harry|date=2021-02-07|publisher=BoD – Books on Demand|isbn=978-3-7534-0916-0|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ethiopia}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ethiopia]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
bxsaudvojsiwgq8544du9yckdewdhyd
Maporomoko ya Kongou
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[[Faili:DIGITAL CROSSING - KONGOU 03.jpg|thumb|414x414px|Sehemu ya mtoto wa jicho kubwa inayounda maporomoko haya ya kuvutia.]]
'''Maporomoko ya Kongou''' (pia hujulikana kama '''Maporomoko ya Koungou''') ni maporomoko makubwa ya maji yenye upana wa takribani [[kilomita]] 3.2 na urefu unaofikia mita 56. Yanapatikana katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ivindo mashariki mwa [[Gabon]].
Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye Mto Ivindo na ni miongoni mwa maporomoko yenye mtiririko mkubwa zaidi wa [[maji]] duniani, yakibeba wastani wa mita za ujazo 900 za maji kwa sekunde.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kongou Falls {{!}} World Waterfall Database: World's Tallest Waterfalls|url=http://www.world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=868|work=www.world-waterfalls.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
Sehemu hii ya Mto Ivindo ni kitovu muhimu cha utofauti wa [[samaki]]. Maporomoko hayo yako ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ivindo, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2002 kwa lengo la kulinda eneo hili lenye uzuri wa asili na utajiri mkubwa wa viumbe hai.
== Pendekezo la Ujenzi wa Bwawa ==
Mnamo tarehe 14 Septemba 2007, Rais Omar Bongo Ondimba wa Gabon alithibitisha kuwa bwawa la kuzalisha umeme lingejengwa katika maporomoko hayo ili kuhudumia mradi mkubwa wa uchimbaji wa madini ya chuma katika eneo la Belinga lililopo kaskazini.
Ingawa mgodi huo ulitarajiwa kuchangia maendeleo ya uchumi wa Gabon, bwawa hilo lingefunika sehemu kubwa ya hifadhi ya taifa kwa maji na kuathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa [[maisha]] ya wakazi wa eneo hilo pamoja na mazingira ya asili. Tafiti za awali zilionyesha kuwa kulikuwa na maeneo mengine kwenye mto huo ambayo yangefaa zaidi kwa ujenzi wa bwawa na yangesababisha madhara madogo kwa mazingira na jamii.
Hata hivyo, uamuzi wa kujenga [[bwawa]] ulifanywa bila kufanyika kwa tathmini ya athari za mazingira. Hali hiyo ilizua maswali kuhusu mkakati wa Gabon wa kuendeleza utalii wa mazingira na ilionekana kuwa inaweza kupunguza hamasa ya wawekezaji na [[watalii]].
Kutokana na upinzani mkubwa kutoka kwa wananchi wa Gabon, mradi huo wa ujenzi wa bwawa ulisitishwa.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Gabon}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Gabon]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
stlex9lel0cibbd7qzewjbl3lvglag8
Maporomoko ya Akaa
0
241118
1574501
1574395
2026-06-18T12:07:50Z
Riccardo Riccioni
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Akaa|picha=Aka falls - Ghana - West Africa.png|nchi=Akaa, Wilaya ya Akuapem Kaskazini, Mkoa wa Mashariki}}
'''Maporomoko ya Akaa''' yapo karibu na kijiji cha Akyeremanteng katika Wilaya ya Akuapem Kaskazini, takribani [[kilomita]] 21 kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Koforidua]] katika [[Mkoa wa Mashariki, Ghana|Mkoa wa Mashariki]] wa [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Akaa Falls|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-akaa-falls.html|work=Graphic Online|date=2021-10-02|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-gb}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yako umbali wa takribani kilomita saba kutoka [[Maporomoko ya Boti]] na hupata [[maji]] yake kutoka Mto Boti, ambao pia ndio chanzo cha maji ya Maporomoko ya Boti.<ref>{{Citation|title=Visit Ghana - Akaa Falls|url=https://visitghana.com/attractions/akaa-falls/|work=Visit Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Akaa ni [[maporomoko]] ya hatua yenye urefu wa mita 60, yakiwa yamezungukwa na uoto mnene wa asili. [[Mazingira]] yake ya kijani kibichi na mandhari ya kuvutia huyafanya kuwa mojawapo ya vivutio vya asili katika eneo hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Exploring the Spectacular Waterfalls of Ghana {{!}} GVI|url=https://www.gviusa.com/blog/smb-exploring-the-spectacular-waterfalls-of-ghana/|work=www.gviusa.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
6fqaa92u6w1sgdff861wpsm1xo2m9yq
Maporomoko ya Asenema
0
241119
1574502
1574399
2026-06-18T12:10:03Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Maporomoko ya Maji ya Asenema]] hadi [[Maporomoko ya Asenema]]: urahisi wa kuupata
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'''Maporomoko ya Asenema''' ni maporomoko madogo ya [[maji]] yaliyopo karibu na kijiji cha Asenema katika eneo la Okere, [[kilomita]] chache kaskazini mwa Akropong katika Wilaya ya Akuapim Kaskazini, Mkoa wa Mashariki wa [[Ghana]]. Yapataikana chini ya Milima ya Akuapem yenye misitu mingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Explore Ghana {{!}} Top Destinations, Activities, Food, Culture & History|url=https://test.venuetoursghana.com/thing-detail/Asenema-Waterfalls|work=test.venuetoursghana.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Maporomoko haya huanguka kutoka kwenye mwamba mrefu hadi kwenye bwawa dogo la maji safi na angavu. Urefu wake unakadiriwa kuwa kati ya mita 15 na 20, huku maji yakishuka kwa anguko moja la wima.
[[Daraja]] dogo la mbao na njia ya asili ya miguu huwaongoza wageni kutoka barabarani hadi kwenye [[maporomoko]] hayo kupitia msitu wa pili na vichaka vya mianzi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Asenema Waterfalls Ghana 2026 — Hidden Gem Waterfall Visitor Guide {{!}} Akwaaba|url=https://akwaaba.app/asenema-waterfalls-ghana/|work=Akwaaba App|date=2025-01-18|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US|author=Akosua Adoma}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Here are some Waterfalls in Ghana!|url=https://www.easytrackghana.com/tour-ghana-waterfalls.php|work=Easy Track Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en|author=Easy Track Ghana Ltd}}</ref>
== Mahali Yalipo ==
Asenema ipo takribani [[kilomita]] 3 kaskazini-magharibi mwa Akropong na kilomita 47 kaskazini-mashariki mwa Accra. Eneo hili linapatikana kando ya barabara ya Aburi–Akropong–Asenema, likiwa karibu dakika 15 kwa gari kutoka Akropong na takribani saa moja na nusu kutoka katikati ya [[Accra]].
Mandhari ya eneo hili ni sehemu ya safu ya Milima ya Akuapem yenye misitu, pamoja na makazi ya karibu kama Aburi na Tutu.
== Wakati Bora wa Kutembelea ==
Maporomoko ya Asenema huwa ya kuvutia zaidi wakati wa msimu wa [[mvua]], ambao kwa kawaida huanzia Aprili hadi Julai, wakati kiasi cha maji huongezeka. Katika msimu wa kiangazi, kuanzia Desemba hadi Machi, mtiririko wa maji hupungua kwa kiasi kikubwa, ingawa kivuli cha miti na bwawa la maji safi huendelea kuvutia wageni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hidden but found waterfalls of Akaa and Asenema {{!}} NewsGhana|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/hidden-but-found-waterfalls-of-akaa-and-asenema/|work=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/|date=2015-07-08|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
sek92bsyqopiggl0rd7j6s7p7nxxwe8
1574504
1574502
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'''Maporomoko ya Asenema''' ni maporomoko madogo ya [[maji]] yaliyopo karibu na kijiji cha Asenema katika eneo la Okere, [[kilomita]] chache kaskazini mwa Akropong katika Wilaya ya Akuapim Kaskazini, [[Mkoa wa Mashariki, Ghana|Mkoa wa Mashariki]] wa [[Ghana]]. Yapataikana chini ya Milima ya Akuapem yenye misitu mingi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Explore Ghana {{!}} Top Destinations, Activities, Food, Culture & History|url=https://test.venuetoursghana.com/thing-detail/Asenema-Waterfalls|work=test.venuetoursghana.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Maporomoko haya huanguka kutoka kwenye mwamba mrefu hadi kwenye bwawa dogo la maji safi na angavu. Urefu wake unakadiriwa kuwa kati ya mita 15 na 20, huku maji yakishuka kwa anguko moja la wima.
[[Daraja]] dogo la mbao na njia ya asili ya miguu huwaongoza wageni kutoka barabarani hadi kwenye [[maporomoko]] hayo kupitia msitu wa pili na vichaka vya mianzi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Asenema Waterfalls Ghana 2026 — Hidden Gem Waterfall Visitor Guide {{!}} Akwaaba|url=https://akwaaba.app/asenema-waterfalls-ghana/|work=Akwaaba App|date=2025-01-18|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US|author=Akosua Adoma}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Here are some Waterfalls in Ghana!|url=https://www.easytrackghana.com/tour-ghana-waterfalls.php|work=Easy Track Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en|author=Easy Track Ghana Ltd}}</ref>
== Mahali Yalipo ==
Asenema ipo takribani [[kilomita]] 3 kaskazini-magharibi mwa Akropong na kilomita 47 kaskazini-mashariki mwa Accra. Eneo hili linapatikana kando ya barabara ya Aburi–Akropong–Asenema, likiwa karibu dakika 15 kwa gari kutoka Akropong na takribani saa moja na nusu kutoka katikati ya [[Accra]].
Mandhari ya eneo hili ni sehemu ya safu ya Milima ya Akuapem yenye misitu, pamoja na makazi ya karibu kama Aburi na Tutu.
== Wakati Bora wa Kutembelea ==
Maporomoko ya Asenema huwa ya kuvutia zaidi wakati wa msimu wa [[mvua]], ambao kwa kawaida huanzia Aprili hadi Julai, wakati kiasi cha maji huongezeka. Katika msimu wa kiangazi, kuanzia Desemba hadi Machi, mtiririko wa maji hupungua kwa kiasi kikubwa, ingawa kivuli cha miti na bwawa la maji safi huendelea kuvutia wageni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hidden but found waterfalls of Akaa and Asenema {{!}} NewsGhana|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/hidden-but-found-waterfalls-of-akaa-and-asenema/|work=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/|date=2015-07-08|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
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Maporomoko ya Boti
0
241120
1574505
1574396
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Boti|picha=Boti Falls, Eastern Region.JPG}}
'''Maporomoko ya Boti''' ni maporomoko pacha ya maji yaliyopo Boti katika Wilaya ya Yilo Krobo, [[Mkoa wa Mashariki, Ghana|Mkoa wa Mashariki]] wa [[Ghana]]. Maporomoko haya yanatokana na mito miwili na kwa mujibu wa simulizi za jadi za eneo hilo, moja huchukuliwa kuwa la kiume na jingine la kike. Inasemekana kwamba upinde wa mvua huonekana pale mikondo ya maji inapokutana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Boti Falls, Not Just Water|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/649593/boti-falls-not-just-water.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Boti ni ya msimu na huwa na mwonekano wa [[maporomoko]] mawili yanayoshuka sambamba wakati wa kipindi cha maji mengi. Ili kuyafikia, wageni hushuka takribani ngazi 250 za zege. Wakati wa mtiririko mkubwa wa maji, eneo hilo huzungukwa na ukuta wa maji unaoanguka kutoka pande mbalimbali. Maporomoko hayo yapo ndani ya msitu wa Huhunya.
== Mahali Yalipo ==
Maporomoko ya Boti yapo takribani [[kilomita]] 17 kaskazini-mashariki mwa Koforidua, mji mkuu wa Mkoa wa Mashariki wa Ghana. Safari ya kuyafikia kutoka Koforidua huchukua zaidi ya dakika 30 kwa gari, na zaidi ya saa moja na nusu kutoka Accra kutegemea aina ya [[usafiri]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Welcome dearghana.com - BlueHost.com|url=http://www.dearghana.com/attractions/boti-falls/|work=www.dearghana.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Boti Falls - Tourism in Ghana,Touring Ghana, Visiting Ghana|url=https://touringghana.com/boti-falls/|date=2016-03-26|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Maporomoko ya Boti yana mikondo miwili ya maji inayoshuka sambamba ikiwa imetenganishwa na mwamba mdogo. Kwa mujibu wa imani za wenyeji, mkondo mkubwa zaidi ni wa kiume na mdogo ni wa kike.
Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa takribani mita 30 kutoka usawa wa ardhi. Maji yake yanatokana na [[Mto]] Ponmpon unaopita katika Hifadhi ya Msitu wa Huhunya. Maji hushuka kupitia miamba ya milimani na kutengeneza bwawa chini ya maporomoko, ambapo wenyeji na wageni huogelea.
Kwa mujibu wa [[historia]] ya mdomo ya wasimamizi wa eneo hilo, maporomoko haya yaligunduliwa na padri Mkatoliki kutoka Ulaya aliyekuwa akifanya uchunguzi wa eneo hilo. Katika miaka ya 1960, yalikuwa kivutio maarufu na yalitembelewa na Rais wa kwanza wa Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah.
== Wakati Bora wa Kutembelea ==
Wakati mzuri zaidi wa kutembelea Maporomoko ya Boti ni msimu wa [[mvua]] kati ya Juni na Agosti. Katika kipindi hicho, mikondo miwili ya maji hupulizana na kuonekana kana kwamba inaungana. Maji yanaporushana hutengeneza upinde wa [[Mauaji ya kimbari|mvua]] wenye rangi mbalimbali, ambao wenyeji huuita '''“sherehe ya ndoa”''' ya maporomoko hayo mawili.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
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Maporomoko ya Fuller
0
241121
1574506
1574400
2026-06-18T12:14:24Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Maporomoko ya Maji ya Fuller]] hadi [[Maporomoko ya Fuller]]: urahisi wa kuupata
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Maji ya Fuller|picha=FullerFall.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Fuller''' yapo katika mji wa Yabraso, takribani [[kilomita]] 7 magharibi mwa Kintampo nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Fuller Waterfalls|url=https://www.tourismgh.com/fuller-waterfalls/|work=www.tourismgh.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fuller Falls – Visit Ghana|url=https://visitghana.com/fuller-falls/|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yanakadiriwa kuwa katika kimo cha mita 173 juu ya usawa wa bahari. Maji yake hutiririka kwa utulivu kupitia mfululizo wa ngazi za miamba kwenye Mto Oyoko katika eneo la Yabraso. [[Mto]] Oyoko ni tawimto la Mto Volta Mweusi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fuller Falls {{!}} About Ghana|url=https://ghana.peacefmonline.com/pages/tourism/waterfalls/fuller_falls/|work=ghana.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Mwaka 1988, mmisionari kutoka Ufilipino, Padre Joseph Panabang, alianza kutumia eneo hili kama sehemu ya sala pamoja na waumini wake na kulipa jina la “Mama Yetu wa Kintampo.” Mwaka 1998 aliondoka kutoka eneo hilo.
Leo, [[Maporomoko]] ya Fuller ni miongoni mwa vivutio vya asili vinavyotembelewa katika eneo la Kintampo kutokana na [[mazingira]] yake ya kijani kibichi, utulivu wa asili na mandhari ya kuvutia ya maporomoko ya maji.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
i7zb4893l8ldnv6fxxb4yovcjvbh3tg
1574508
1574506
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452
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Fuller|picha=FullerFall.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Fuller''' yapo katika mji wa [[Yabraso]], takribani [[kilomita]] 7 magharibi mwa [[Kintampo (Ghana)|Kintampo]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Fuller Waterfalls|url=https://www.tourismgh.com/fuller-waterfalls/|work=www.tourismgh.com|language=en-US|access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fuller Falls – Visit Ghana|url=https://visitghana.com/fuller-falls/|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yanakadiriwa kuwa katika kimo cha mita 173 juu ya usawa wa bahari. Maji yake hutiririka kwa utulivu kupitia mfululizo wa ngazi za miamba kwenye Mto Oyoko katika eneo la Yabraso. [[Mto]] Oyoko ni tawimto la Mto Volta Mweusi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fuller Falls {{!}} About Ghana|url=https://ghana.peacefmonline.com/pages/tourism/waterfalls/fuller_falls/|work=ghana.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Mwaka 1988, mmisionari kutoka Ufilipino, Padre Joseph Panabang, alianza kutumia eneo hili kama sehemu ya sala pamoja na waumini wake na kulipa jina la “Mama Yetu wa Kintampo.” Mwaka 1998 aliondoka kutoka eneo hilo.
Leo, [[Maporomoko]] ya Fuller ni miongoni mwa vivutio vya asili vinavyotembelewa katika eneo la Kintampo kutokana na [[mazingira]] yake ya kijani kibichi, utulivu wa asili na mandhari ya kuvutia ya maporomoko ya maji.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
e3l130db4n5xmt1oaw0bc8fx8co79vn
Maporomoko ya Kintampo
0
241122
1574510
1574401
2026-06-18T12:21:32Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Maporomoko ya Maji ya Kintampo]] hadi [[Maporomoko ya Kintampo]]: urahisi wa kuupata
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Maji ya Kintampo|picha=Kintempo Water Falls II.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Kintampo''' ni mojawapo ya [[maporomoko]] marefu zaidi ya [[maji]] nchini Ghana, yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Bono Mashariki. Hapo zamani yalijulikana kama Maporomoko ya Sanders wakati wa enzi za ukoloni.
Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye Mto Pumpum, ambao ni tawimto la Mto Volta Mweusi, takribani kilomita 4 kaskazini mwa [[Manispaa]] ya Kintampo, kando ya barabara ya Kumasi–Tamale. Yanapatikana ndani ya msitu, karibu na kituo cha kupumzikia cha Falls Rest Stop upande wa kulia unapokwenda kaskazini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kintampo waterfall Ghana|url=http://ghana.photographers-resource.com/locations/Landscape/LG/Kintampo_waterfall.htm|work=ghana.photographers-resource.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ghanaexpeditions.com - Kintampo Waterfalls|url=http://ghanaexpeditions.com/regions/highlight_detail.asp?id=&rdid=44|work=ghanaexpeditions.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Maporomoko ya Kintampo yana hatua tatu kuu. Sehemu ya kwanza na ya pili hupatikana kwa urahisi kupitia njia iliyo tambarare, huku sehemu ya tatu ikifikika kupitia ngazi nyingi—takribani ngazi 173 kushuka na 151 kupanda.
Maji yake hushuka kutoka urefu wa jumla wa takribani [[mita]] 70, huku sehemu kubwa ya anguko kuu ikiwa karibu mita 25. Maporomoko haya yamefichwa ndani ya msitu wenye kijani kibichi na mandhari ya kuvutia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kintampo Waterfalls|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/kintampo-waterfalls.html|work=Graphic Online|date=2022-05-21|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-gb}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Eneo hili lilitangazwa kuwa kivutio cha [[utalii]] mwaka 1992 baada ya kugunduliwa karne ya 18.
== Matukio ==
Tarehe 20 Machi 2017, watu 18 walipoteza maisha na wengine kujeruhiwa baada ya mti mkubwa kuanguka wakati wa dhoruba kali. Baada ya tukio hilo, serikali ilifunga eneo hilo kwa muda kufanya ukaguzi wa [[usalama]]. Liliboreshwa na kufunguliwa tena mwaka 2019, likiwa na ujenzi wa njia ya juu ya miti (canopy walkway).
== Vifaa ==
Eneo la maporomoko lina maegesho ya [[magari]], ngazi, kituo cha wageni na njia ya juu ya miti kwa ajili ya watalii.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
b9tl8uc9ruux7lmu5armtx8bzcz4k0q
1574512
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Riccardo Riccioni
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Maji ya Kintampo|picha=Kintempo Water Falls II.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Kintampo''' ni mojawapo ya [[maporomoko]] marefu zaidi ya [[maji]] nchini Ghana, yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Bono Mashariki. Hapo zamani yalijulikana kama Maporomoko ya Sanders wakati wa enzi za ukoloni.
Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye [[Mto Pumpum]], ambao ni [[tawimto]] la Mto [[Volta Nyeusi|Volta Mweusi]], takribani kilomita 4 kaskazini mwa [[Manispaa]] ya [[Kintampo (Ghana)|Kintampo]], kando ya barabara ya Kumasi–Tamale. Yanapatikana ndani ya msitu, karibu na kituo cha kupumzikia cha Falls Rest Stop upande wa kulia unapokwenda kaskazini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kintampo waterfall Ghana|url=http://ghana.photographers-resource.com/locations/Landscape/LG/Kintampo_waterfall.htm|work=ghana.photographers-resource.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ghanaexpeditions.com - Kintampo Waterfalls|url=http://ghanaexpeditions.com/regions/highlight_detail.asp?id=&rdid=44|work=ghanaexpeditions.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Maporomoko ya Kintampo yana hatua tatu kuu. Sehemu ya kwanza na ya pili hupatikana kwa urahisi kupitia njia iliyo tambarare, huku sehemu ya tatu ikifikika kupitia ngazi nyingi—takribani ngazi 173 kushuka na 151 kupanda.
Maji yake hushuka kutoka urefu wa jumla wa takribani [[mita]] 70, huku sehemu kubwa ya anguko kuu ikiwa karibu mita 25. Maporomoko haya yamefichwa ndani ya msitu wenye kijani kibichi na mandhari ya kuvutia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kintampo Waterfalls|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/kintampo-waterfalls.html|work=Graphic Online|date=2022-05-21|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-gb}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Eneo hili lilitangazwa kuwa kivutio cha [[utalii]] mwaka 1992 baada ya kugunduliwa karne ya 18.
== Matukio ==
Tarehe 20 Machi 2017, watu 18 walipoteza maisha na wengine kujeruhiwa baada ya mti mkubwa kuanguka wakati wa dhoruba kali. Baada ya tukio hilo, serikali ilifunga eneo hilo kwa muda kufanya ukaguzi wa [[usalama]]. Liliboreshwa na kufunguliwa tena mwaka 2019, likiwa na ujenzi wa njia ya juu ya miti (canopy walkway).
== Vifaa ==
Eneo la maporomoko lina maegesho ya [[magari]], ngazi, kituo cha wageni na njia ya juu ya miti kwa ajili ya watalii.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
1m1owkjg32cdipcrizbbx1i5596tgkk
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Riccardo Riccioni
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Kintampo|picha=Kintempo Water Falls II.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Kintampo''' ni mojawapo ya [[maporomoko]] marefu zaidi ya [[maji]] nchini Ghana, yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Bono Mashariki. Hapo zamani yalijulikana kama Maporomoko ya Sanders wakati wa enzi za ukoloni.
Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye [[Mto Pumpum]], ambao ni [[tawimto]] la Mto [[Volta Nyeusi|Volta Mweusi]], takribani kilomita 4 kaskazini mwa [[Manispaa]] ya [[Kintampo (Ghana)|Kintampo]], kando ya barabara ya Kumasi–Tamale. Yanapatikana ndani ya msitu, karibu na kituo cha kupumzikia cha Falls Rest Stop upande wa kulia unapokwenda kaskazini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kintampo waterfall Ghana|url=http://ghana.photographers-resource.com/locations/Landscape/LG/Kintampo_waterfall.htm|work=ghana.photographers-resource.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ghanaexpeditions.com - Kintampo Waterfalls|url=http://ghanaexpeditions.com/regions/highlight_detail.asp?id=&rdid=44|work=ghanaexpeditions.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Maporomoko ya Kintampo yana hatua tatu kuu. Sehemu ya kwanza na ya pili hupatikana kwa urahisi kupitia njia iliyo tambarare, huku sehemu ya tatu ikifikika kupitia ngazi nyingi—takribani ngazi 173 kushuka na 151 kupanda.
Maji yake hushuka kutoka urefu wa jumla wa takribani [[mita]] 70, huku sehemu kubwa ya anguko kuu ikiwa karibu mita 25. Maporomoko haya yamefichwa ndani ya msitu wenye kijani kibichi na mandhari ya kuvutia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kintampo Waterfalls|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/kintampo-waterfalls.html|work=Graphic Online|date=2022-05-21|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-gb}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Eneo hili lilitangazwa kuwa kivutio cha [[utalii]] mwaka 1992 baada ya kugunduliwa karne ya 18.
== Matukio ==
Tarehe 20 Machi 2017, watu 18 walipoteza maisha na wengine kujeruhiwa baada ya mti mkubwa kuanguka wakati wa dhoruba kali. Baada ya tukio hilo, serikali ilifunga eneo hilo kwa muda kufanya ukaguzi wa [[usalama]]. Liliboreshwa na kufunguliwa tena mwaka 2019, likiwa na ujenzi wa njia ya juu ya miti (canopy walkway).
== Vifaa ==
Eneo la maporomoko lina maegesho ya [[magari]], ngazi, kituo cha wageni na njia ya juu ya miti kwa ajili ya watalii.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
fp9x2bo1kdj0o35rwz9jy7b8nsdd9rs
Maporomoko ya Maji ya Asenema
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2026-06-18T12:10:03Z
Riccardo Riccioni
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Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Maporomoko ya Maji ya Asenema]] hadi [[Maporomoko ya Asenema]]: urahisi wa kuupata
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#REDIRECT [[Maporomoko ya Asenema]]
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Maporomoko ya Maji ya Fuller
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2026-06-18T12:14:24Z
Riccardo Riccioni
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Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Maporomoko ya Maji ya Fuller]] hadi [[Maporomoko ya Fuller]]: urahisi wa kuupata
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#REDIRECT [[Maporomoko ya Fuller]]
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Maporomoko ya Maji ya Kintampo
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2026-06-18T12:21:32Z
Riccardo Riccioni
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Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Maporomoko ya Maji ya Kintampo]] hadi [[Maporomoko ya Kintampo]]: urahisi wa kuupata
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#REDIRECT [[Maporomoko ya Kintampo]]
5yf9jx7t44r513hb3usjxowgwt8k92v
Lambo la Gaborone
0
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1574563
2026-06-18T15:21:14Z
Maryam Saleh Abeid
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Anzisha Makala
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[[Faili:Gaborone Dam 2.jpg|thumb|Lambo la Gaborone]]
Bwawa la Gaborone ni bwawa lililojengwa kwenye Mto Notwane nchini [[Botswana]], lenye ujazo wa mita za ujazo 141,100,000 (futi za ujazo 4.98 times 10<sup>9</sup>)<ref>https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf</ref>. Bwawa hilo linaendeshwa na Shirika la Huduma za Maji, na linasambazia maji mji mkuu wa [[Gaborone]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221207130018/https://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139</ref>
== Mahali ==
Bwawa la Gaborone liko kusini mwa [[Gaborone]] kando ya barabara ya Gaborone-Lobatse, na linatoa maji kwa ajili ya Gaborone na Lobatse. <ref>https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf</ref> Eneo lake kuu la vyanzo vya maji lina ukubwa wa kilomita za mraba 225 (maili za mraba 87), likimiminiwa maji na mto Notwane pamoja na mito midogo ya [[Taung]], Metsemaswaane, na Nywane.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=73DdflwDU0oC&pg=PA125&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003), December 15-18, 2003, Bhopal, India|last=Singh|first=Vijay P.|last2=Yadava|first2=Ram Narayan|date=2003|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-547-7|language=en}}</ref> Kati ya mwaka 1971 na 2000, wastani wa mvua ya kila mwaka ilikuwa kati ya milimita 450 (inchi 18) na milimita 550 (inchi 22). Halijoto hutofautiana kutoka 10 °C (50 °F) wakati wa majira ya baridi hadi 37 °C (99 °F) wakati wa majira ya joto. Wastani wa uvukizi (potential evapotranspiration) ni takriban milimita 1,400 (inchi 55) kwa mwaka.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=73DdflwDU0oC&pg=PA125&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003), December 15-18, 2003, Bhopal, India|last=Singh|first=Vijay P.|last2=Yadava|first2=Ram Narayan|date=2003|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-547-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>In a dry environment where annual precipitation is lower than potential evapotranspiration, the soil and even the river beds will often be dry except in the rainy season.</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Ujenzi wa bwawa ulianza mwaka 1963, ukikusanya maji kutoka Mto Notwane, wakati ambapo mji mkuu mpya wa Gaborone ulikuwa katika hatua za kupangwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gaborone in Details...|url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/gaboroneDetails.php|work=www.botswanatourism.co.bw|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Bwawa la awali lilimalizika mwaka 1964.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=rErL_dyWbBIC&pg=PA407&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Geotechnical Instrumentation in Practice: Purpose, Performance and Interpretation : Proceedings of the Conference Geotechnical Instrumentation in Civil Engineering Projects|last=Britain)|first=Institution of Civil Engineers (Great|date=1990|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-1515-9|language=en}}</ref> Bwawa hilo ni muundo wa ujazo wa udongo. Wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa 1965-66, hifadhi ya maji ilijaa na kufurika.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gaborone in Details...|url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/gaboroneDetails.php|work=www.botswanatourism.co.bw|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
[[Jamii:Botswana]]
[[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:2002]]
[[Jamii:2005]]
ax2830eiqb59xo7k6ca7q9upxz6wfgr
1574576
1574563
2026-06-18T17:07:31Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced.
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[[Faili:Gaborone Dam 2.jpg|thumb|Lambo la Gaborone]]
Bwawa la Gaborone ni bwawa lililojengwa kwenye Mto Notwane nchini [[Botswana]], lenye ujazo wa mita za ujazo 141,100,000 (futi za ujazo 4.98 times 10<sup>9</sup>)<ref>https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf</ref>. Bwawa hilo linaendeshwa na Shirika la Huduma za Maji, na linasambazia maji mji mkuu wa [[Gaborone]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221207130018/https://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139</ref>
== Mahali ==
Bwawa la Gaborone liko kusini mwa [[Gaborone]] kando ya barabara ya Gaborone-Lobatse, na linatoa maji kwa ajili ya Gaborone na Lobatse. <ref>https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf</ref> Eneo lake kuu la vyanzo vya maji lina ukubwa wa kilomita za mraba 225 (maili za mraba 87), likimiminiwa maji na mto Notwane pamoja na mito midogo ya [[Taung]], Metsemaswaane, na Nywane.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=73DdflwDU0oC&pg=PA125&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003), December 15-18, 2003, Bhopal, India|last=Singh|first=Vijay P.|last2=Yadava|first2=Ram Narayan|date=2003|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-547-7|language=en}}</ref> Kati ya mwaka 1971 na 2000, wastani wa mvua ya kila mwaka ilikuwa kati ya milimita 450 (inchi 18) na milimita 550 (inchi 22). Halijoto hutofautiana kutoka 10 °C (50 °F) wakati wa majira ya baridi hadi 37 °C (99 °F) wakati wa majira ya joto. Wastani wa uvukizi (potential evapotranspiration) ni takriban milimita 1,400 (inchi 55) kwa mwaka.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=73DdflwDU0oC&pg=PA125&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003), December 15-18, 2003, Bhopal, India|last=Singh|first=Vijay P.|last2=Yadava|first2=Ram Narayan|date=2003|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-547-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>In a dry environment where annual precipitation is lower than potential evapotranspiration, the soil and even the river beds will often be dry except in the rainy season.</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Ujenzi wa bwawa ulianza mwaka 1963, ukikusanya maji kutoka Mto Notwane, wakati ambapo mji mkuu mpya wa Gaborone ulikuwa katika hatua za kupangwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gaborone in Details...|url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/gaboroneDetails.php|work=www.botswanatourism.co.bw|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Bwawa la awali lilimalizika mwaka 1964.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=rErL_dyWbBIC&pg=PA407&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Geotechnical Instrumentation in Practice: Purpose, Performance and Interpretation : Proceedings of the Conference Geotechnical Instrumentation in Civil Engineering Projects|last=Britain)|first=Institution of Civil Engineers (Great|date=1990|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-1515-9|language=en}}</ref> Bwawa hilo ni muundo wa ujazo wa udongo. Wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa 1965-66, hifadhi ya maji ilijaa na kufurika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gaborone in Details...|url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/gaboroneDetails.php|work=www.botswanatourism.co.bw|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
[[Jamii:Botswana]]
[[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:2002]]
[[Jamii:2005]]
so4meuez4lul9wofkof17pnai61usc4
1574671
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Riccardo Riccioni
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[[Faili:Gaborone Dam 2.jpg|thumb|Lambo la Gaborone]]
'''Lambo la Gaborone''' ni bwawa lililojengwa kwenye Mto Notwane nchini [[Botswana]], lenye ujazo wa mita za ujazo 141,100,000 (futi za ujazo 4.98 times 10<sup>9</sup>)<ref>https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf</ref>. Bwawa hilo linaendeshwa na Shirika la Huduma za Maji, na linasambazia maji mji mkuu wa [[Gaborone]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221207130018/https://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139</ref>
== Mahali ==
Bwawa la Gaborone liko kusini mwa [[Gaborone]] kando ya barabara ya Gaborone-Lobatse, na linatoa maji kwa ajili ya Gaborone na Lobatse. <ref>https://www.webcitation.org/5r28HPAkm?url=http://www.cso.gov.bw/images/stories/Enviro/botswanawater_statisticsreport.pdf</ref> Eneo lake kuu la vyanzo vya maji lina ukubwa wa kilomita za mraba 225 (maili za mraba 87), likimiminiwa maji na mto Notwane pamoja na mito midogo ya [[Taung]], Metsemaswaane, na Nywane.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=73DdflwDU0oC&pg=PA125&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003), December 15-18, 2003, Bhopal, India|last=Singh|first=Vijay P.|last2=Yadava|first2=Ram Narayan|date=2003|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-547-7|language=en}}</ref> Kati ya mwaka 1971 na 2000, wastani wa mvua ya kila mwaka ilikuwa kati ya milimita 450 (inchi 18) na milimita 550 (inchi 22). Halijoto hutofautiana kutoka 10 °C (50 °F) wakati wa majira ya baridi hadi 37 °C (99 °F) wakati wa majira ya joto. Wastani wa uvukizi (potential evapotranspiration) ni takriban milimita 1,400 (inchi 55) kwa mwaka.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=73DdflwDU0oC&pg=PA125&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Watershed Hydrology: Proceedings of the International Conference on Water and Environment (WE-2003), December 15-18, 2003, Bhopal, India|last=Singh|first=Vijay P.|last2=Yadava|first2=Ram Narayan|date=2003|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-547-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>In a dry environment where annual precipitation is lower than potential evapotranspiration, the soil and even the river beds will often be dry except in the rainy season.</ref>
== Maelezo ==
Ujenzi wa bwawa ulianza mwaka 1963, ukikusanya maji kutoka Mto Notwane, wakati ambapo mji mkuu mpya wa Gaborone ulikuwa katika hatua za kupangwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gaborone in Details...|url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/gaboroneDetails.php|work=www.botswanatourism.co.bw|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Bwawa la awali lilimalizika mwaka 1964.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=rErL_dyWbBIC&pg=PA407&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Geotechnical Instrumentation in Practice: Purpose, Performance and Interpretation : Proceedings of the Conference Geotechnical Instrumentation in Civil Engineering Projects|last=Britain)|first=Institution of Civil Engineers (Great|date=1990|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-1515-9|language=en}}</ref> Bwawa hilo ni muundo wa ujazo wa udongo. Wakati wa msimu wa mvua wa 1965-66, hifadhi ya maji ilijaa na kufurika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gaborone in Details...|url=http://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/gaboroneDetails.php|work=www.botswanatourism.co.bw|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
[[Jamii:Maziwa ya Botswana]]
[[Jamii:Uchumi wa Botswana]]
[[Jamii:AWC Zanzibar]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Maporomoko ya Kparia
0
241159
1574578
2026-06-18T17:27:41Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maporomoko ya Kparia''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole katika Mkoa wa Savannah nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana-365.com/listing/mole-national-park/|work=ghana-365.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye Mto Kparia, ambao chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori. Maporomoko haya yanakadiriwa kuwa na urefu wa takribani [[mita]] 20. Yanaundwa na sehemu mbili kuu: maporomoko yenyewe na [[bwawa]] la maji...'
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'''Maporomoko ya Kparia''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole katika Mkoa wa Savannah nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghana-365.com/listing/mole-national-park/|work=ghana-365.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye Mto Kparia, ambao chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori.
Maporomoko haya yanakadiriwa kuwa na urefu wa takribani [[mita]] 20. Yanaundwa na sehemu mbili kuu: maporomoko yenyewe na [[bwawa]] la maji lililopo chini yake.
Maporomoko ya Kparia yanajulikana kwa bwawa lake la asili linalowezesha kuogelea kwa urahisi. Eneo linaloyazunguka limefunikwa na msitu wa [[kijani]] kibichi mwaka mzima, jambo linalolifanya kuwa sehemu nzuri kwa kambi za watalii na makazi ya wanyamapori mbalimbali.
Kutokana na mazingira yake ya asili na utulivu wake, Maporomoko ya Kparia ni mojawapo ya vivutio muhimu vya [[utalii]] ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mole National Park, Northen Ghana|url=http://molenationalpark.org.gh/|work=Mole National Park|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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'''Maporomoko ya Kparia''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole katika Mkoa wa Savannah nchini Ghana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ghana-365.com/listing/mole-national-park/|work=ghana-365.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye Mto Kparia, ambao chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori.
Maporomoko haya yanakadiriwa kuwa na urefu wa takribani [[mita]] 20. Yanaundwa na sehemu mbili kuu: maporomoko yenyewe na [[bwawa]] la maji lililopo chini yake.
Maporomoko ya Kparia yanajulikana kwa bwawa lake la asili linalowezesha kuogelea kwa urahisi. Eneo linaloyazunguka limefunikwa na msitu wa [[kijani]] kibichi mwaka mzima, jambo linalolifanya kuwa sehemu nzuri kwa kambi za watalii na makazi ya wanyamapori mbalimbali.
Kutokana na mazingira yake ya asili na utulivu wake, Maporomoko ya Kparia ni mojawapo ya vivutio muhimu vya [[utalii]] ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mole National Park, Northen Ghana|url=http://molenationalpark.org.gh/|work=Mole National Park|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Riccardo Riccioni
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'''Maporomoko ya Kparia''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole katika [[Mkoa wa Savannah]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ghana-365.com/listing/mole-national-park/|work=ghana-365.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye Mto Kparia, ambao chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori.
Maporomoko haya yanakadiriwa kuwa na urefu wa takribani [[mita]] 20. Yanaundwa na sehemu mbili kuu: maporomoko yenyewe na [[bwawa]] la maji lililopo chini yake.
Maporomoko ya Kparia yanajulikana kwa bwawa lake la asili linalowezesha kuogelea kwa urahisi. Eneo linaloyazunguka limefunikwa na msitu wa [[kijani]] kibichi mwaka mzima, jambo linalolifanya kuwa sehemu nzuri kwa kambi za watalii na makazi ya wanyamapori mbalimbali.
Kutokana na mazingira yake ya asili na utulivu wake, Maporomoko ya Kparia ni mojawapo ya vivutio muhimu vya [[utalii]] ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mole National Park, Northen Ghana|url=http://molenationalpark.org.gh/|work=Mole National Park|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
m1z44bhpm5kmd91j6ze6ki03v9f93qa
Maporomoko ya Obosomase
0
241160
1574580
2026-06-18T17:36:00Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Obosomase Waterfalls 05.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Obosomase]] '''Maporomoko ya Obosomase''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa [[Ghana]]. == Eneo == Yanapatikana karibu na [[jamii]] ya Aburi katika Wilaya ya Akuapim Kaskazini. [[Maporomoko]] haya yako umbali wa takribani mita 150 kutoka Aburi, jambo linaloyafanya kuwa rahisi kufikika kwa wageni na watalii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aburi-Obosomase Waterfalls: An-Untapped Tour...'
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[[Faili:Obosomase Waterfalls 05.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Obosomase]]
'''Maporomoko ya Obosomase''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa [[Ghana]].
== Eneo ==
Yanapatikana karibu na [[jamii]] ya Aburi katika Wilaya ya Akuapim Kaskazini. [[Maporomoko]] haya yako umbali wa takribani mita 150 kutoka Aburi, jambo linaloyafanya kuwa rahisi kufikika kwa wageni na watalii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aburi-Obosomase Waterfalls: An-Untapped Tourist Site|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/566956/aburi-obosomase-waterfalls-an-untapped-tourist-site.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
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1574628
1574580
2026-06-18T22:07:24Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced.
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[[Faili:Obosomase Waterfalls 05.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Obosomase]]
'''Maporomoko ya Obosomase''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Mashariki wa [[Ghana]].
== Eneo ==
Yanapatikana karibu na [[jamii]] ya Aburi katika Wilaya ya Akuapim Kaskazini. [[Maporomoko]] haya yako umbali wa takribani mita 150 kutoka Aburi, jambo linaloyafanya kuwa rahisi kufikika kwa wageni na watalii.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Aburi-Obosomase Waterfalls: An-Untapped Tourist Site|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/566956/aburi-obosomase-waterfalls-an-untapped-tourist-site.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
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1574673
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2026-06-19T08:37:17Z
Riccardo Riccioni
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[[Faili:Obosomase Waterfalls 05.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Obosomase]]
'''Maporomoko ya Obosomase''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyopo katika [[Mkoa wa Mashariki, Ghana|Mkoa wa Mashariki]] wa [[Ghana]].
== Eneo ==
Yanapatikana karibu na [[jamii]] ya Aburi katika Wilaya ya Akuapim Kaskazini. [[Maporomoko]] haya yako umbali wa takribani mita 150 kutoka Aburi, jambo linaloyafanya kuwa rahisi kufikika kwa wageni na watalii.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Aburi-Obosomase Waterfalls: An-Untapped Tourist Site|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/566956/aburi-obosomase-waterfalls-an-untapped-tourist-site.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
chmr726pyl5hhqlg81j0kpl0rl0v2wh
Maporomoko ya Polzen
0
241161
1574583
2026-06-18T17:43:44Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maporomoko ya Polzen''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Events|url=http://fcghana.org:80/events.php?events=83|work=www.fcghana.org|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yanayotiririka mwaka mzima. Chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori. Yapataikana katika Mkoa wa Savannah wa Ghana. == Sifa == Maporomoko haya yamezungukwa na msitu mnene unaounda mwavuli wa [[miti]]. Ni chanzo cha maji kwa...'
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'''Maporomoko ya Polzen''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Past Events|url=http://fcghana.org:80/events.php?events=83|work=www.fcghana.org|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yanayotiririka mwaka mzima. Chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori. Yapataikana katika Mkoa wa Savannah wa Ghana.
== Sifa ==
Maporomoko haya yamezungukwa na msitu mnene unaounda mwavuli wa [[miti]]. Ni chanzo cha maji kwa [[wanyamapori]] na hutoa upepo mwanana katika sehemu ya chini ya maporomoko. Maji hutiririka taratibu juu ya miamba. Huungana na Mto Polzen umbali wa mita 500 kutoka maporomoko hayo.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kF4aY_Cuy4C&q=polzen+waterfalls&pg=PA8|title=Graphic Showbiz: Issue 407 December 29-4 Jan 2006|last=Moffatt|first=Nii Addokwei|date=2005-12-29|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Polzen ni eneo la ukusanyaji wa [[maji]] ndani ya hifadhi, na inadaiwa kuwa maji hayo yamechangia kuundwa kwa maporomoko mengine ya maji katika sehemu ya chini ya mkondo wake.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
aoy8u16lg2mf9jxd5ihbk2qdp4dfebo
1574629
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2026-06-18T22:07:34Z
Gayle-Bot
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced.
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'''Maporomoko ya Polzen''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Past Events|url=http://fcghana.org:80/events.php?events=83|work=www.fcghana.org|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yanayotiririka mwaka mzima. Chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori. Yapataikana katika Mkoa wa Savannah wa Ghana.
== Sifa ==
Maporomoko haya yamezungukwa na msitu mnene unaounda mwavuli wa [[miti]]. Ni chanzo cha maji kwa [[wanyamapori]] na hutoa upepo mwanana katika sehemu ya chini ya maporomoko. Maji hutiririka taratibu juu ya miamba. Huungana na Mto Polzen umbali wa mita 500 kutoka maporomoko hayo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kF4aY_Cuy4C&q=polzen+waterfalls&pg=PA8|title=Graphic Showbiz: Issue 407 December 29-4 Jan 2006|last=Moffatt|first=Nii Addokwei|date=2005-12-29|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Polzen ni eneo la ukusanyaji wa [[maji]] ndani ya hifadhi, na inadaiwa kuwa maji hayo yamechangia kuundwa kwa maporomoko mengine ya maji katika sehemu ya chini ya mkondo wake.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
d5ius4ggx85nckut5r08rutgviivzlc
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Riccardo Riccioni
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'''Maporomoko ya Polzen''' yapo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Mole nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Past Events|url=http://fcghana.org:80/events.php?events=83|work=www.fcghana.org|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yanayotiririka mwaka mzima. Chanzo chake ni mteremko wa Konkori. Yapatikana katika [[Mkoa wa Savannah]] wa Ghana.
== Sifa ==
Maporomoko haya yamezungukwa na msitu mnene unaounda mwavuli wa [[miti]]. Ni chanzo cha maji kwa [[wanyamapori]] na hutoa upepo mwanana katika sehemu ya chini ya maporomoko. Maji hutiririka taratibu juu ya miamba. Huungana na Mto Polzen umbali wa mita 500 kutoka maporomoko hayo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kF4aY_Cuy4C&q=polzen+waterfalls&pg=PA8|title=Graphic Showbiz: Issue 407 December 29-4 Jan 2006|last=Moffatt|first=Nii Addokwei|date=2005-12-29|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Polzen ni eneo la ukusanyaji wa [[maji]] ndani ya hifadhi, na inadaiwa kuwa maji hayo yamechangia kuundwa kwa maporomoko mengine ya maji katika sehemu ya chini ya mkondo wake.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
ag5qiuwm0yzr33f499iqhz39z4t0bij
Maporomoko ya Tagbo
0
241162
1574584
2026-06-18T17:49:08Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tagbo|picha=Tagbo Falls Ghana.jpg}} '''Maporomoko ya Tagbo''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyoko karibu na Mlima Afadjato nchini [[Ghana]], katika kijiji cha Liati Wote, takriban [[kilomita]] 27 mashariki mwa mji wa Hohoe. Maji yake hushuka kwa hatua kadhaa, huku hatua ya mwisho ikiwa na [[urefu]] wa takriban mita 60. Eneo hili limezungukwa na msitu wa [[mvua]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ghana-pedia.org - Diese Website steht zum Verkau...'
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tagbo|picha=Tagbo Falls Ghana.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Tagbo''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyoko karibu na Mlima Afadjato nchini [[Ghana]], katika kijiji cha Liati Wote, takriban [[kilomita]] 27 mashariki mwa mji wa Hohoe. Maji yake hushuka kwa hatua kadhaa, huku hatua ya mwisho ikiwa na [[urefu]] wa takriban mita 60. Eneo hili limezungukwa na msitu wa [[mvua]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ghana-pedia.org - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! - Informationen zum Thema ghana pedia.|url=http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&page=viewListing&lid=30&Itemid=36|work=www.ghana-pedia.org|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
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1574630
1574584
2026-06-18T22:07:44Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced.
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tagbo|picha=Tagbo Falls Ghana.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Tagbo''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyoko karibu na Mlima Afadjato nchini [[Ghana]], katika kijiji cha Liati Wote, takriban [[kilomita]] 27 mashariki mwa mji wa Hohoe. Maji yake hushuka kwa hatua kadhaa, huku hatua ya mwisho ikiwa na [[urefu]] wa takriban mita 60. Eneo hili limezungukwa na msitu wa [[mvua]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ghana-pedia.org - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! - Informationen zum Thema ghana pedia.|url=http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&page=viewListing&lid=30&Itemid=36|work=www.ghana-pedia.org|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
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2026-06-19T08:38:26Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tagbo|picha=Tagbo Falls Ghana.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Tagbo''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyoko karibu na Mlima Afadjato nchini [[Ghana]], katika kijiji cha Liati Wote, takriban [[kilomita]] 27 mashariki mwa mji wa Hohoe. Maji yake hushuka kwa hatua kadhaa, huku hatua ya mwisho ikiwa na [[urefu]] wa takriban mita 60. Eneo hili limezungukwa na msitu wa [[mvua]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ghana-pedia.org - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! - Informationen zum Thema ghana pedia.|url=http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&page=viewListing&lid=30&Itemid=36|work=www.ghana-pedia.org|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
girx1sgd10ihb157fs8w5icj897ffdx
Maporomoko ya Tsenku
0
241163
1574585
2026-06-18T17:52:58Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maporomoko ya Tsenku''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyoko karibu na Dodowa katika Mkoa wa [[Accra]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The State Of Tsenku Waterfalls In Dodowa|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/574508/the-state-of-tsenku-waterfalls-in-dodowa.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Maporomoko haya hushuka kutoka urefu wa takriban [[futi]] 250 na kutiririka juu ya miamba yenye matabaka hadi kwenye [[bwawa]...'
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'''Maporomoko ya Tsenku''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyoko karibu na Dodowa katika Mkoa wa [[Accra]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The State Of Tsenku Waterfalls In Dodowa|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/574508/the-state-of-tsenku-waterfalls-in-dodowa.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya hushuka kutoka urefu wa takriban [[futi]] 250 na kutiririka juu ya miamba yenye matabaka hadi kwenye [[bwawa]] lenye maji safi na baridi ambalo lina idadi kubwa ya samaki aina ya tilapia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsenku Waterfalls {{!}} About Ghana|url=https://ghana.peacefmonline.com/pages/tourism/waterfalls/tsenku_waterfalls/|work=ghana.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Tsenku, ambayo pia hujulikana kama Wuruduwurudu, yapo ndani ya [[bonde]] la mto Po. Mto huo huunganishwa na mito mingine miwili, Sanyade na Popotsi, kabla ya kuelekea baharini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of waterfalls in Ghana and their locations - YEN.COM.GH|url=https://yen.com.gh/112090-list-waterfalls-ghana-locations.html|work=yen.com.gh|date=2018-07-02|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en|author=Chris Ndetei}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
bbxik3x9ltfgppot0l5e60g0sfpij64
1574586
1574585
2026-06-18T17:53:16Z
Don Malya
61486
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'''Maporomoko ya Tsenku''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyoko karibu na Dodowa katika Mkoa wa [[Accra]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The State Of Tsenku Waterfalls In Dodowa|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/574508/the-state-of-tsenku-waterfalls-in-dodowa.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya hushuka kutoka urefu wa takriban [[futi]] 250 na kutiririka juu ya miamba yenye matabaka hadi kwenye [[bwawa]] lenye maji safi na baridi ambalo lina idadi kubwa ya samaki aina ya tilapia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsenku Waterfalls {{!}} About Ghana|url=https://ghana.peacefmonline.com/pages/tourism/waterfalls/tsenku_waterfalls/|work=ghana.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Tsenku, ambayo pia hujulikana kama Wuruduwurudu, yapo ndani ya [[bonde]] la [[mto]] Po. Mto huo huunganishwa na mito mingine miwili, Sanyade na Popotsi, kabla ya kuelekea baharini.<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of waterfalls in Ghana and their locations - YEN.COM.GH|url=https://yen.com.gh/112090-list-waterfalls-ghana-locations.html|work=yen.com.gh|date=2018-07-02|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en|author=Chris Ndetei}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
o1zoh8uw957z08t62qf7fzf5vli076x
1574631
1574586
2026-06-18T22:07:54Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced.
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'''Maporomoko ya Tsenku''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyoko karibu na Dodowa katika Mkoa wa [[Accra]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The State Of Tsenku Waterfalls In Dodowa|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/574508/the-state-of-tsenku-waterfalls-in-dodowa.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya hushuka kutoka urefu wa takriban [[futi]] 250 na kutiririka juu ya miamba yenye matabaka hadi kwenye [[bwawa]] lenye maji safi na baridi ambalo lina idadi kubwa ya samaki aina ya tilapia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tsenku Waterfalls {{!}} About Ghana|url=https://ghana.peacefmonline.com/pages/tourism/waterfalls/tsenku_waterfalls/|work=ghana.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Tsenku, ambayo pia hujulikana kama Wuruduwurudu, yapo ndani ya [[bonde]] la [[mto]] Po. Mto huo huunganishwa na mito mingine miwili, Sanyade na Popotsi, kabla ya kuelekea baharini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=List of waterfalls in Ghana and their locations - YEN.COM.GH|url=https://yen.com.gh/112090-list-waterfalls-ghana-locations.html|work=yen.com.gh|date=2018-07-02|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en|author=Chris Ndetei}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
lpaeuuk1us9jy1gqahv00hc3i9lg3aq
1574676
1574631
2026-06-19T08:39:17Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
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'''Maporomoko ya Tsenku''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyoko karibu na Dodowa katika [[Mkoa wa Accra]] nchini [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The State Of Tsenku Waterfalls In Dodowa|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/574508/the-state-of-tsenku-waterfalls-in-dodowa.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya hushuka kutoka urefu wa takriban [[futi]] 250 na kutiririka juu ya miamba yenye matabaka hadi kwenye [[bwawa]] lenye maji safi na baridi ambalo lina idadi kubwa ya samaki aina ya tilapia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tsenku Waterfalls {{!}} About Ghana|url=https://ghana.peacefmonline.com/pages/tourism/waterfalls/tsenku_waterfalls/|work=ghana.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en-US}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Tsenku, ambayo pia hujulikana kama Wuruduwurudu, yapo ndani ya [[bonde]] la [[mto]] Po. Mto huo huunganishwa na mito mingine miwili, Sanyade na Popotsi, kabla ya kuelekea baharini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=List of waterfalls in Ghana and their locations - YEN.COM.GH|url=https://yen.com.gh/112090-list-waterfalls-ghana-locations.html|work=yen.com.gh|date=2018-07-02|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en|author=Chris Ndetei}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
nmpevl46sphkaahgfvijapx89o1gmku
Maporomoko ya Wli
0
241164
1574587
2026-06-18T17:59:31Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Wli|picha=Wli Lower Fall-4.jpg}} '''Maporomoko ya Wli''' ndiyo maporomoko ya maji marefu zaidi nchini [[Ghana]] na pia yanachukuliwa kuwa marefu zaidi [[Afrika]] Magharibi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wli Waterfall: A Tourist Attraction Worth Visiting.|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/329381/wli-waterfall-a-tourist-attraction-worth-visiting.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref> Maporomoko haya yana sehemu...'
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Wli|picha=Wli Lower Fall-4.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Wli''' ndiyo maporomoko ya maji marefu zaidi nchini [[Ghana]] na pia yanachukuliwa kuwa marefu zaidi [[Afrika]] Magharibi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wli Waterfall: A Tourist Attraction Worth Visiting.|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/329381/wli-waterfall-a-tourist-attraction-worth-visiting.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yana sehemu mbili: maporomoko ya juu na ya chini.
== Mahali ==
Maporomoko ya Wli yapo takribani kilomita 20 kutoka mji wa Hohoe katika Mkoa wa Volta nchini Ghana, na yapo umbali wa takribani [[kilomita]] 280 kutoka mji mkuu Accra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Page Not Found - Easy Track Ghana|url=https://www.easytrackghana.com/404-no-page.php|work=www.easytrackghana.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Mazingira ya asili ==
Eneo la maporomoko haya liko ndani ya hifadhi ya [[wanyamapori]] ya Agumatsa, ambayo ina misitu yenye viumbe mbalimbali. Wageni wanaweza kuona popo wa matunda, vipepeo, ndege, nyani na pia sokwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wli waterfalls in Ghana|url=https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/wli_waterfalls/|work=independent-travellers.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
Pia kuna koloni kubwa la popo wanaoishi kwenye miamba na kuruka angani karibu na maporomoko hayo.
== Historia ==
Maporomoko ya Wli yanajulikana pia kwa jina la wenyeji “Agoomatsa”, likimaanisha ''“Niruhusu nitiririke.”'' Inasemekana yaligunduliwa na kundi la [[wawindaji]] waliodhani sauti ya maji ilikuwa ngoma ya kuzungumza (talking drum), wakaifuata hadi wakagundua kuwa ilikuwa ni maporomoko ya [[maji]].
Maporomoko haya yako katika eneo la utamaduni wa Waewe (Ewe culture) na ni moja ya vivutio muhimu vya utalii nchini Ghana.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
qnleua3g8wh61i4zi1pviytxdx075ce
1574632
1574587
2026-06-18T22:08:04Z
Gayle-Bot
78697
#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced.
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Wli|picha=Wli Lower Fall-4.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Wli''' ndiyo maporomoko ya maji marefu zaidi nchini [[Ghana]] na pia yanachukuliwa kuwa marefu zaidi [[Afrika]] Magharibi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wli Waterfall: A Tourist Attraction Worth Visiting.|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/329381/wli-waterfall-a-tourist-attraction-worth-visiting.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yana sehemu mbili: maporomoko ya juu na ya chini.
== Mahali ==
Maporomoko ya Wli yapo takribani kilomita 20 kutoka mji wa Hohoe katika Mkoa wa Volta nchini Ghana, na yapo umbali wa takribani [[kilomita]] 280 kutoka mji mkuu Accra.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Page Not Found - Easy Track Ghana|url=https://www.easytrackghana.com/404-no-page.php|work=www.easytrackghana.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Mazingira ya asili ==
Eneo la maporomoko haya liko ndani ya hifadhi ya [[wanyamapori]] ya Agumatsa, ambayo ina misitu yenye viumbe mbalimbali. Wageni wanaweza kuona popo wa matunda, vipepeo, ndege, nyani na pia sokwe.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wli waterfalls in Ghana|url=https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/wli_waterfalls/|work=independent-travellers.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
Pia kuna koloni kubwa la popo wanaoishi kwenye miamba na kuruka angani karibu na maporomoko hayo.
== Historia ==
Maporomoko ya Wli yanajulikana pia kwa jina la wenyeji “Agoomatsa”, likimaanisha ''“Niruhusu nitiririke.”'' Inasemekana yaligunduliwa na kundi la [[wawindaji]] waliodhani sauti ya maji ilikuwa ngoma ya kuzungumza (talking drum), wakaifuata hadi wakagundua kuwa ilikuwa ni maporomoko ya [[maji]].
Maporomoko haya yako katika eneo la utamaduni wa Waewe (Ewe culture) na ni moja ya vivutio muhimu vya utalii nchini Ghana.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
61ss33zb4n0wi9gmmemalgjpqayqh9l
1574677
1574632
2026-06-19T08:40:06Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
1574677
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Wli|picha=Wli Lower Fall-4.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Wli''' ndiyo maporomoko ya maji marefu zaidi nchini [[Ghana]] na pia yanachukuliwa kuwa marefu zaidi [[Afrika Magharibi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wli Waterfall: A Tourist Attraction Worth Visiting.|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/329381/wli-waterfall-a-tourist-attraction-worth-visiting.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=2026-06-18|language=en}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yana sehemu mbili: maporomoko ya juu na ya chini.
== Mahali ==
Maporomoko ya Wli yapo takribani kilomita 20 kutoka mji wa Hohoe katika Mkoa wa Volta nchini Ghana, na yapo umbali wa takribani [[kilomita]] 280 kutoka mji mkuu Accra.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Page Not Found - Easy Track Ghana|url=https://www.easytrackghana.com/404-no-page.php|work=www.easytrackghana.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
== Mazingira ya asili ==
Eneo la maporomoko haya liko ndani ya hifadhi ya [[wanyamapori]] ya Agumatsa, ambayo ina misitu yenye viumbe mbalimbali. Wageni wanaweza kuona popo wa matunda, vipepeo, ndege, nyani na pia sokwe.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wli waterfalls in Ghana|url=https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/wli_waterfalls/|work=independent-travellers.com|accessdate=2026-06-18}}</ref>
Pia kuna koloni kubwa la popo wanaoishi kwenye miamba na kuruka angani karibu na maporomoko hayo.
== Historia ==
Maporomoko ya Wli yanajulikana pia kwa jina la wenyeji “Agoomatsa”, likimaanisha ''“Niruhusu nitiririke.”'' Inasemekana yaligunduliwa na kundi la [[wawindaji]] waliodhani sauti ya maji ilikuwa ngoma ya kuzungumza (talking drum), wakaifuata hadi wakagundua kuwa ilikuwa ni maporomoko ya [[maji]].
Maporomoko haya yako katika eneo la utamaduni wa Waewe (Ewe culture) na ni moja ya vivutio muhimu vya utalii nchini Ghana.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Ghana}}
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Ghana]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
a1vewcdlcy4dfqrmn9i96o9o52413e2
Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu
0
241165
1574639
2026-06-19T01:38:58Z
Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju
69361
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu''' ni moja kati ya kambi kubwa na zenye historia ndefu ya wakimbizi duniani, inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kasulu]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Novemba mwaka 1996 na Serikali ya Tanzania kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Overview...'
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu''' ni moja kati ya kambi kubwa na zenye historia ndefu ya wakimbizi duniani, inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kasulu]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Novemba mwaka 1996 na Serikali ya Tanzania kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Overview |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kuwahifadhi maelfu ya wakimbizi waliokuwa wanatoroka [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo]] na ghasia za wenyewe kwa wenyewe kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC).<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Refugee Camp Security |year=1999 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Baadaye, mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi hii ilipokea ongezeko kubwa la wakimbizi wengine kutoka nchi jirani ya [[Burundi]] kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa yaliyotokea nchini mwao.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Wakimbizi wa Burundi wajaza kambi Tanzania |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-05-18 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kupunguza msongamano katika kambi nyingine zilizokuwa mkoani Kigoma na kuwapa hifadhi salama raia wa DRC waliokuwa wakivuka [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] kukimbia vita. Katika miaka yake ya mapema, kambi hii ilisifiwa kwa kuwa mfano bora wa usimamizi wa wakimbizi, ambapo miundombinu ya shule, hospitali, na nyumba za udongo zilijengwa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika ya kibinadamu.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi ilikabiliwa na changamoto kubwa ya msongamano baada ya zaidi ya wakimbizi 100,000 kutoka Burundi kuwasili kwa pamoja. Hatua hii ilifanya idadi ya watu kambini kuzidi uwezo wake wa asili uliokuwa umekadiriwa kuwa watu 50,000.<ref>{{Cite web |author=UNHCR |title=Nyarugusu Camp Profile |url=https://data.unhcr.org |date=2016 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Nyarugusu inahifadhi jamii mseto, ingawa makundi makuu mawili ni:
1. '''Wakongomani (DRC):''' Ndio wakazi wa muda mrefu zaidi kambini, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kiswahili]] na Kibembe.
2. '''Warundi:''' Waliofika kwa wingi tangu mwaka 2015, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kikirundi]] na [[Kifaransa]].
Kupitia juhudi za UNHCR na serikali ya Tanzania za kurejesha wakimbizi makwao kwa hiari (''repatriation''), idadi ya wakimbizi kambini humo imekuwa ikibadilika lakini bado inasalia kuwa moja ya kambi zenye idadi kubwa ya watu nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani na UNHCR Waendesha Zoezi la Kurejesha Wakimbizi kwa Hiari |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kambi hii inasimamiwa kwa ushirikiano wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi ya Tanzania (MHA) na UNHCR, pamoja na mashirika mengine yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs) kama vile Baraza la Wakimbizi la Norway (NRC), Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu la Tanzania (TRCS), na Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF).
=== Huduma za Jamii ===
* '''Elimu:''' Katika kambi hii kuna shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mitaala ya nchi za asili za wakimbizi (Kongo na Burundi) ili kuwarahisishia wanafunzi kuendelea na masomo pindi wanaporejea nyumbani.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=UNICEF |title=Education in Emergencies: Nyarugusu Case Study |year=2021 |journal=UNICEF Tanzania reports}}</ref>
* '''Afya:''' Kambi ina vituo vya afya na hospitali ya rufaa inayohudumia wakimbizi pamoja na jamii inayozunguka kambi hiyo (host community).
* '''Uchumi:''' Ingawa sera ya Tanzania inazuia wakimbizi kufanya kazi nje ya kambi kwa uhuru kamili, kuna masoko ya ndani ambapo biashara ndogondogo hufanyika.
== Changamoto ==
Kama ilivyo kwa kambi nyingine kubwa duniani, Nyarugusu inakabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na:
* Kupungua kwa rasilimali na ufadhili kutoka kwa wafadhili wa kimataifa, jambo linaloathiri mgao wa chakula na huduma za afya.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Mwananchi |title=Changamoto ya chakula katika kambi za wakimbizi Kigoma |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2023-11-10 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* Athari za mazingira kutokana na ukataji wa miti kwa ajili ya kuni na ujenzi.
* Changamoto za kiusalama na ulinzi kutokana na msongamano wa watu.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta]]
* [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
* [[UNHCR]]
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
s3soi000j4box0n6ab4i1sq9tdmzo0e
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Gayle-Bot
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced.
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu''' ni moja kati ya kambi kubwa na zenye historia ndefu ya wakimbizi duniani, inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kasulu]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Novemba mwaka 1996 na Serikali ya Tanzania kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Overview |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kuwahifadhi maelfu ya wakimbizi waliokuwa wanatoroka [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo]] na ghasia za wenyewe kwa wenyewe kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC).<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Refugee Camp Security |year=1999 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Baadaye, mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi hii ilipokea ongezeko kubwa la wakimbizi wengine kutoka nchi jirani ya [[Burundi]] kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa yaliyotokea nchini mwao.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Wakimbizi wa Burundi wajaza kambi Tanzania |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-05-18 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kupunguza msongamano katika kambi nyingine zilizokuwa mkoani Kigoma na kuwapa hifadhi salama raia wa DRC waliokuwa wakivuka [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] kukimbia vita. Katika miaka yake ya mapema, kambi hii ilisifiwa kwa kuwa mfano bora wa usimamizi wa wakimbizi, ambapo miundombinu ya shule, hospitali, na nyumba za udongo zilijengwa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika ya kibinadamu.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi ilikabiliwa na changamoto kubwa ya msongamano baada ya zaidi ya wakimbizi 100,000 kutoka Burundi kuwasili kwa pamoja. Hatua hii ilifanya idadi ya watu kambini kuzidi uwezo wake wa asili uliokuwa umekadiriwa kuwa watu 50,000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=UNHCR |title=Nyarugusu Camp Profile |url=https://data.unhcr.org |date=2016 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Nyarugusu inahifadhi jamii mseto, ingawa makundi makuu mawili ni:
1. '''Wakongomani (DRC):''' Ndio wakazi wa muda mrefu zaidi kambini, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kiswahili]] na Kibembe.
2. '''Warundi:''' Waliofika kwa wingi tangu mwaka 2015, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kikirundi]] na [[Kifaransa]].
Kupitia juhudi za UNHCR na serikali ya Tanzania za kurejesha wakimbizi makwao kwa hiari (''repatriation''), idadi ya wakimbizi kambini humo imekuwa ikibadilika lakini bado inasalia kuwa moja ya kambi zenye idadi kubwa ya watu nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani na UNHCR Waendesha Zoezi la Kurejesha Wakimbizi kwa Hiari |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kambi hii inasimamiwa kwa ushirikiano wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi ya Tanzania (MHA) na UNHCR, pamoja na mashirika mengine yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs) kama vile Baraza la Wakimbizi la Norway (NRC), Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu la Tanzania (TRCS), na Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF).
=== Huduma za Jamii ===
* '''Elimu:''' Katika kambi hii kuna shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mitaala ya nchi za asili za wakimbizi (Kongo na Burundi) ili kuwarahisishia wanafunzi kuendelea na masomo pindi wanaporejea nyumbani.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=UNICEF |title=Education in Emergencies: Nyarugusu Case Study |year=2021 |journal=UNICEF Tanzania reports}}</ref>
* '''Afya:''' Kambi ina vituo vya afya na hospitali ya rufaa inayohudumia wakimbizi pamoja na jamii inayozunguka kambi hiyo (host community).
* '''Uchumi:''' Ingawa sera ya Tanzania inazuia wakimbizi kufanya kazi nje ya kambi kwa uhuru kamili, kuna masoko ya ndani ambapo biashara ndogondogo hufanyika.
== Changamoto ==
Kama ilivyo kwa kambi nyingine kubwa duniani, Nyarugusu inakabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na:
* Kupungua kwa rasilimali na ufadhili kutoka kwa wafadhili wa kimataifa, jambo linaloathiri mgao wa chakula na huduma za afya.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=Mwananchi |title=Changamoto ya chakula katika kambi za wakimbizi Kigoma |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2023-11-10 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* Athari za mazingira kutokana na ukataji wa miti kwa ajili ya kuni na ujenzi.
* Changamoto za kiusalama na ulinzi kutokana na msongamano wa watu.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta]]
* [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
* [[UNHCR]]
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu''' ni moja kati ya kambi kubwa na zenye historia ndefu ya wakimbizi duniani, inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kasulu]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Novemba mwaka 1996 na Serikali ya Tanzania kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Overview |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kuwahifadhi maelfu ya wakimbizi waliokuwa wanatoroka [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo]] na ghasia za wenyewe kwa wenyewe kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC).<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Refugee Camp Security |year=1999 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Baadaye, mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi hii ilipokea ongezeko kubwa la wakimbizi wengine kutoka nchi jirani ya [[Burundi]] kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa yaliyotokea nchini mwao.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Wakimbizi wa Burundi wajaza kambi Tanzania |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-05-18 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kupunguza msongamano katika kambi nyingine zilizokuwa mkoani Kigoma na kuwapa hifadhi salama raia wa DRC waliokuwa wakivuka [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] kukimbia vita. Katika miaka yake ya mapema, kambi hii ilisifiwa kwa kuwa mfano bora wa usimamizi wa wakimbizi, ambapo miundombinu ya shule, hospitali, na nyumba za udongo zilijengwa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika ya kibinadamu.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi ilikabiliwa na changamoto kubwa ya msongamano baada ya zaidi ya wakimbizi 100,000 kutoka Burundi kuwasili kwa pamoja. Hatua hii ilifanya idadi ya watu kambini kuzidi uwezo wake wa asili uliokuwa umekadiriwa kuwa watu 50,000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=UNHCR |title=Nyarugusu Camp Profile |url=https://data.unhcr.org |date=2016 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Nyarugusu inahifadhi jamii mseto, ingawa makundi makuu mawili ni:
1. '''Wakongomani (DRC):''' Ndio wakazi wa muda mrefu zaidi kambini, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kiswahili]] na Kibembe.
2. '''Warundi:''' Waliofika kwa wingi tangu mwaka 2015, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kikirundi]] na [[Kifaransa]].
Kupitia juhudi za UNHCR na serikali ya Tanzania za kurejesha wakimbizi makwao kwa hiari (''repatriation''), idadi ya wakimbizi kambini humo imekuwa ikibadilika lakini bado inasalia kuwa moja ya kambi zenye idadi kubwa ya watu nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani na UNHCR Waendesha Zoezi la Kurejesha Wakimbizi kwa Hiari |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kambi hii inasimamiwa kwa ushirikiano wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi ya Tanzania (MHA) na UNHCR, pamoja na mashirika mengine yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs) kama vile Baraza la Wakimbizi la Norway (NRC), Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu la Tanzania (TRCS), na Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF).
=== Huduma za Jamii ===
* '''Elimu:''' Katika kambi hii kuna shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mitaala ya nchi za asili za wakimbizi (Kongo na Burundi) ili kuwarahisishia wanafunzi kuendelea na masomo pindi wanaporejea nyumbani.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=UNICEF |title=Education in Emergencies: Nyarugusu Case Study |year=2021 |journal=UNICEF Tanzania reports}}</ref>
* '''Afya:''' Kambi ina vituo vya afya na hospitali ya rufaa inayohudumia wakimbizi pamoja na jamii inayozunguka kambi hiyo (host community).
* '''Uchumi:''' Ingawa sera ya Tanzania inazuia wakimbizi kufanya kazi nje ya kambi kwa uhuru kamili, kuna masoko ya ndani ambapo biashara ndogondogo hufanyika.
== Changamoto ==
Kama ilivyo kwa kambi nyingine kubwa duniani, Nyarugusu inakabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na:
* Kupungua kwa rasilimali na ufadhili kutoka kwa wafadhili wa kimataifa, jambo linaloathiri mgao wa chakula na huduma za afya.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=Mwananchi |title=Changamoto ya chakula katika kambi za wakimbizi Kigoma |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2023-11-10 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* Athari za mazingira kutokana na ukataji wa miti kwa ajili ya kuni na ujenzi.
* Changamoto za kiusalama na ulinzi kutokana na msongamano wa watu.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta]]
* [[UNHCR]]
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Wilaya ya Kasulu]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu''' ni moja kati ya kambi kubwa na zenye historia ndefu ya wakimbizi duniani, inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kasulu]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwezi Novemba mwaka 1996 na Serikali ya Tanzania kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Overview |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kuwahifadhi maelfu ya wakimbizi waliokuwa wanatoroka [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Kongo]] na ghasia za wenyewe kwa wenyewe kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC).<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Refugee Camp Security |year=1999 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Baadaye, mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi hii ilipokea ongezeko kubwa la wakimbizi wengine kutoka nchi jirani ya [[Burundi]] kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa yaliyotokea nchini mwao.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Wakimbizi wa Burundi wajaza kambi Tanzania |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-05-18 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Nyarugusu ilianzishwa ili kupunguza msongamano katika kambi nyingine zilizokuwa mkoani Kigoma na kuwapa hifadhi salama raia wa DRC waliokuwa wakivuka [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] kukimbia vita. Katika miaka yake ya mapema, kambi hii ilisifiwa kwa kuwa mfano bora wa usimamizi wa wakimbizi, ambapo miundombinu ya shule, hospitali, na nyumba za udongo zilijengwa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika ya kibinadamu.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, kambi ilikabiliwa na changamoto kubwa ya msongamano baada ya zaidi ya wakimbizi 100,000 kutoka Burundi kuwasili kwa pamoja. Hatua hii ilifanya idadi ya watu kambini kuzidi uwezo wake wa asili uliokuwa umekadiriwa kuwa watu 50,000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=UNHCR |title=Nyarugusu Camp Profile |url=https://data.unhcr.org |date=2016 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Nyarugusu inahifadhi jamii mseto, ingawa makundi makuu mawili ni:
1. '''Wakongomani (DRC):''' Ndio wakazi wa muda mrefu zaidi kambini, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kiswahili]] na Kibembe.
2. '''Warundi:''' Waliofika kwa wingi tangu mwaka 2015, wengi wao wakizungumza [[Kikirundi]] na [[Kifaransa]].
Kupitia juhudi za UNHCR na serikali ya Tanzania za kurejesha wakimbizi makwao kwa hiari (''repatriation''), idadi ya wakimbizi kambini humo imekuwa ikibadilika lakini bado inasalia kuwa moja ya kambi zenye idadi kubwa ya watu nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani na UNHCR Waendesha Zoezi la Kurejesha Wakimbizi kwa Hiari |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kambi hii inasimamiwa kwa ushirikiano wa Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi ya Tanzania (MHA) na UNHCR, pamoja na mashirika mengine yasiyo ya kiserikali (NGOs) kama vile Baraza la Wakimbizi la Norway (NRC), Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu la Tanzania (TRCS), na Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF).
=== Huduma za Jamii ===
* '''Elimu:''' Katika kambi hii kuna shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mitaala ya nchi za asili za wakimbizi (Kongo na Burundi) ili kuwarahisishia wanafunzi kuendelea na masomo pindi wanaporejea nyumbani.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=UNICEF |title=Education in Emergencies: Nyarugusu Case Study |year=2021 |journal=UNICEF Tanzania reports}}</ref>
* '''Afya:''' Kambi ina vituo vya afya na hospitali ya rufaa inayohudumia wakimbizi pamoja na jamii inayozunguka kambi hiyo (host community).
* '''Uchumi:''' Ingawa sera ya Tanzania inazuia wakimbizi kufanya kazi nje ya kambi kwa uhuru kamili, kuna masoko ya ndani ambapo biashara ndogondogo hufanyika.
== Changamoto ==
Kama ilivyo kwa kambi nyingine kubwa duniani, Nyarugusu inakabiliwa na changamoto kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na:
* Kupungua kwa rasilimali na ufadhili kutoka kwa wafadhili wa kimataifa, jambo linaloathiri mgao wa chakula na huduma za afya.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=Mwananchi |title=Changamoto ya chakula katika kambi za wakimbizi Kigoma |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2023-11-10 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* Athari za mazingira kutokana na ukataji wa miti kwa ajili ya kuni na ujenzi.
* Changamoto za kiusalama na ulinzi kutokana na msongamano wa watu.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta]]
* [[UNHCR]]
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Wilaya ya Kasulu]]
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta''' ni moja ya kambi muhimu za wakimbizi inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kibondo]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Population Update |publisher=...'
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta''' ni moja ya kambi muhimu za wakimbizi inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kibondo]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Population Update |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nduta ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Oktoba mwaka 2015 ili kusaidia kupunguza msongamano mkubwa wa watu uliokuwa unakabili [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu]], kufuatia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi walioingia nchini kutoka [[Burundi]].<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi mpya ya Nduta kupokea Warundi |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-10-06 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Kambi ya Nduta hapo awali ilikuwa ikihifadhi wakimbizi waliokimbia vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya miaka ya 1990, lakini ilifungwa mnamo mwaka 2008 baada ya wakimbizi wengi kurejea nchini mwao kwa hiari na wengine kupewa uraia wa Tanzania.
Hata hivyo, mnamo mwaka 2015, kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa na ghasia nchini Burundi baada ya uchaguzi mkuu, maelfu ya raia walivuka mpaka kuingia Tanzania. Hatua hiyo ililazimu Serikali ya Tanzania na UNHCR kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta ili kutoa hifadhi ya dharura.<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Burundi Refugees Face Pressure to Return |year=2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Tofauti na Kambi ya Nyarugusu ambayo ina mchanganyiko mkubwa wa Wakongomani na Warundi, Kambi ya Nduta inahifadhi asilimia kubwa sana ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]]. Raia hawa wanazungumza lugha ya [[Kirundi]], [[Kiswahili]], na [[Kifaransa]].
Katika kilele cha mgogoro huo, kambi hii ilihifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 120,000, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kambi yenye idadi kubwa zaidi ya Warundi nchini Tanzania. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, idadi hiyo imepungua hadi kufikia takribani watu 60,000 hadi 70,000 kutokana na zoezi endelevu la kuwarejesha Warundi nyumbani kwa hiari kufuatia kuimarika kwa usalama nchini mwao.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Zoezi la kuwarejesha wakimbizi wa Burundi lafanyika kwa ushirikiano wa pande tatu |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Huduma za Jamii ==
Mashirika mbalimbali ya kibinadamu ya kitaifa na kimataifa yanafanya kazi kambini Nduta ili kutoa huduma za msingi. Mashirika hayo ni pamoja na:
* '''[[Madaktari Wasio na Mipaka]] (MSF):''' Wamekuwa mstari wa mbele katika kutoa huduma za afya, matibabu ya dharura, na kliniki za uzazi kambini humo.<ref>{{Cite web |author=MSF |title=Medical activities in Nduta Refugee Camp |url=https://www.msf.org |date=2022 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* '''Baraza la Wakimbizi la Denmark (DRC):''' Wanajishughulisha na ujenzi wa makazi, usambazaji wa nishati mbadala, na ulinzi wa mazingira.
* '''Shirika la Mpango wa Chakula Duniani ([[WFP]]):''' Wanahusika na ugawaji wa chakula na lishe kwa wakimbizi.
=== Miundombinu ===
Kambi ina shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mtaala wa Burundi, vituo vya kulelea watoto wadogo, mifumo ya maji safi, na masoko madogo ya ndani kwa ajili ya kubadilishana bidhaa.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced.
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta''' ni moja ya kambi muhimu za wakimbizi inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kibondo]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Population Update |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nduta ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Oktoba mwaka 2015 ili kusaidia kupunguza msongamano mkubwa wa watu uliokuwa unakabili [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu]], kufuatia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi walioingia nchini kutoka [[Burundi]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi mpya ya Nduta kupokea Warundi |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-10-06 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Kambi ya Nduta hapo awali ilikuwa ikihifadhi wakimbizi waliokimbia vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya miaka ya 1990, lakini ilifungwa mnamo mwaka 2008 baada ya wakimbizi wengi kurejea nchini mwao kwa hiari na wengine kupewa uraia wa Tanzania.
Hata hivyo, mnamo mwaka 2015, kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa na ghasia nchini Burundi baada ya uchaguzi mkuu, maelfu ya raia walivuka mpaka kuingia Tanzania. Hatua hiyo ililazimu Serikali ya Tanzania na UNHCR kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta ili kutoa hifadhi ya dharura.<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Burundi Refugees Face Pressure to Return |year=2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Tofauti na Kambi ya Nyarugusu ambayo ina mchanganyiko mkubwa wa Wakongomani na Warundi, Kambi ya Nduta inahifadhi asilimia kubwa sana ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]]. Raia hawa wanazungumza lugha ya [[Kirundi]], [[Kiswahili]], na [[Kifaransa]].
Katika kilele cha mgogoro huo, kambi hii ilihifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 120,000, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kambi yenye idadi kubwa zaidi ya Warundi nchini Tanzania. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, idadi hiyo imepungua hadi kufikia takribani watu 60,000 hadi 70,000 kutokana na zoezi endelevu la kuwarejesha Warundi nyumbani kwa hiari kufuatia kuimarika kwa usalama nchini mwao.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Zoezi la kuwarejesha wakimbizi wa Burundi lafanyika kwa ushirikiano wa pande tatu |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Huduma za Jamii ==
Mashirika mbalimbali ya kibinadamu ya kitaifa na kimataifa yanafanya kazi kambini Nduta ili kutoa huduma za msingi. Mashirika hayo ni pamoja na:
* '''[[Madaktari Wasio na Mipaka]] (MSF):''' Wamekuwa mstari wa mbele katika kutoa huduma za afya, matibabu ya dharura, na kliniki za uzazi kambini humo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=MSF |title=Medical activities in Nduta Refugee Camp |url=https://www.msf.org |date=2022 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* '''Baraza la Wakimbizi la Denmark (DRC):''' Wanajishughulisha na ujenzi wa makazi, usambazaji wa nishati mbadala, na ulinzi wa mazingira.
* '''Shirika la Mpango wa Chakula Duniani ([[WFP]]):''' Wanahusika na ugawaji wa chakula na lishe kwa wakimbizi.
=== Miundombinu ===
Kambi ina shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mtaala wa Burundi, vituo vya kulelea watoto wadogo, mifumo ya maji safi, na masoko madogo ya ndani kwa ajili ya kubadilishana bidhaa.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta''' ni moja ya kambi muhimu za wakimbizi inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kibondo]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Population Update |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nduta ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Oktoba mwaka 2015 ili kusaidia kupunguza msongamano mkubwa wa watu uliokuwa unakabili [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu]], kufuatia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi walioingia nchini kutoka [[Burundi]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi mpya ya Nduta kupokea Warundi |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-10-06 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Kambi ya Nduta hapo awali ilikuwa ikihifadhi wakimbizi waliokimbia vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya miaka ya 1990, lakini ilifungwa mnamo mwaka 2008 baada ya wakimbizi wengi kurejea nchini mwao kwa hiari na wengine kupewa uraia wa Tanzania.
Hata hivyo, mnamo mwaka 2015, kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa na ghasia nchini Burundi baada ya uchaguzi mkuu, maelfu ya raia walivuka mpaka kuingia Tanzania. Hatua hiyo ililazimu Serikali ya Tanzania na UNHCR kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta ili kutoa hifadhi ya dharura.<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Burundi Refugees Face Pressure to Return |year=2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Tofauti na Kambi ya Nyarugusu ambayo ina mchanganyiko mkubwa wa Wakongomani na Warundi, Kambi ya Nduta inahifadhi asilimia kubwa sana ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]]. Raia hawa wanazungumza lugha ya [[Kirundi]], [[Kiswahili]], na [[Kifaransa]].
Katika kilele cha mgogoro huo, kambi hii ilihifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 120,000, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kambi yenye idadi kubwa zaidi ya Warundi nchini Tanzania. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, idadi hiyo imepungua hadi kufikia takribani watu 60,000 hadi 70,000 kutokana na zoezi endelevu la kuwarejesha Warundi nyumbani kwa hiari kufuatia kuimarika kwa usalama nchini mwao.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Zoezi la kuwarejesha wakimbizi wa Burundi lafanyika kwa ushirikiano wa pande tatu |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Huduma za Jamii ==
Mashirika mbalimbali ya kibinadamu ya kitaifa na kimataifa yanafanya kazi kambini Nduta ili kutoa huduma za msingi. Mashirika hayo ni pamoja na:
* '''[[Madaktari Wasio na Mipaka]] (MSF):''' Wamekuwa mstari wa mbele katika kutoa huduma za afya, matibabu ya dharura, na kliniki za uzazi kambini humo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=MSF |title=Medical activities in Nduta Refugee Camp |url=https://www.msf.org |date=2022 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* '''Baraza la Wakimbizi la Denmark (DRC):''' Wanajishughulisha na ujenzi wa makazi, usambazaji wa nishati mbadala, na ulinzi wa mazingira.
* '''Shirika la Mpango wa Chakula Duniani ([[WFP]]):''' Wanahusika na ugawaji wa chakula na lishe kwa wakimbizi.
=== Miundombinu ===
Kambi ina shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mtaala wa Burundi, vituo vya kulelea watoto wadogo, mifumo ya maji safi, na masoko madogo ya ndani kwa ajili ya kubadilishana bidhaa.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:wilaya ya Kibondo]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta''' ni moja ya kambi muhimu za wakimbizi inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kibondo]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Population Update |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nduta ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Oktoba mwaka 2015 ili kusaidia kupunguza msongamano mkubwa wa watu uliokuwa unakabili [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu]], kufuatia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi walioingia nchini kutoka [[Burundi]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi mpya ya Nduta kupokea Warundi |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-10-06 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Kambi ya Nduta hapo awali ilikuwa ikihifadhi wakimbizi waliokimbia vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya miaka ya 1990, lakini ilifungwa mnamo mwaka 2008 baada ya wakimbizi wengi kurejea nchini mwao kwa hiari na wengine kupewa uraia wa Tanzania.
Hata hivyo, mnamo mwaka 2015, kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa na ghasia nchini Burundi baada ya uchaguzi mkuu, maelfu ya raia walivuka mpaka kuingia Tanzania. Hatua hiyo ililazimu Serikali ya Tanzania na UNHCR kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta ili kutoa hifadhi ya dharura.<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Burundi Refugees Face Pressure to Return |year=2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Tofauti na Kambi ya Nyarugusu ambayo ina mchanganyiko mkubwa wa Wakongomani na Warundi, Kambi ya Nduta inahifadhi asilimia kubwa sana ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]]. Raia hawa wanazungumza lugha ya [[Kirundi]], [[Kiswahili]], na [[Kifaransa]].
Katika kilele cha mgogoro huo, kambi hii ilihifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 120,000, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kambi yenye idadi kubwa zaidi ya Warundi nchini Tanzania. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, idadi hiyo imepungua hadi kufikia takribani watu 60,000 hadi 70,000 kutokana na zoezi endelevu la kuwarejesha Warundi nyumbani kwa hiari kufuatia kuimarika kwa usalama nchini mwao.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Zoezi la kuwarejesha wakimbizi wa Burundi lafanyika kwa ushirikiano wa pande tatu |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Huduma za Jamii ==
Mashirika mbalimbali ya kibinadamu ya kitaifa na kimataifa yanafanya kazi kambini Nduta ili kutoa huduma za msingi. Mashirika hayo ni pamoja na:
* '''[[Madaktari Wasio na Mipaka]] (MSF):''' Wamekuwa mstari wa mbele katika kutoa huduma za afya, matibabu ya dharura, na kliniki za uzazi kambini humo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=MSF |title=Medical activities in Nduta Refugee Camp |url=https://www.msf.org |date=2022 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* '''Baraza la Wakimbizi la Denmark (DRC):''' Wanajishughulisha na ujenzi wa makazi, usambazaji wa nishati mbadala, na ulinzi wa mazingira.
* '''Shirika la Mpango wa Chakula Duniani ([[WFP]]):''' Wanahusika na ugawaji wa chakula na lishe kwa wakimbizi.
=== Miundombinu ===
Kambi ina shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mtaala wa Burundi, vituo vya kulelea watoto wadogo, mifumo ya maji safi, na masoko madogo ya ndani kwa ajili ya kubadilishana bidhaa.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:wilaya ya Kibondo]]
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta''' ni moja ya kambi muhimu za wakimbizi inayopatikana katika [[Wilaya ya Kibondo]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Population Update |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Nduta ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Oktoba mwaka 2015 ili kusaidia kupunguza msongamano mkubwa wa watu uliokuwa unakabili [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu]], kufuatia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi walioingia nchini kutoka [[Burundi]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi mpya ya Nduta kupokea Warundi |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2015-10-06 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Kambi ya Nduta hapo awali ilikuwa ikihifadhi wakimbizi waliokimbia vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya miaka ya 1990, lakini ilifungwa mnamo mwaka 2008 baada ya wakimbizi wengi kurejea nchini mwao kwa hiari na wengine kupewa uraia wa Tanzania.
Hata hivyo, mnamo mwaka 2015, kufuatia machafuko ya kisiasa na ghasia nchini Burundi baada ya uchaguzi mkuu, maelfu ya raia walivuka mpaka kuingia Tanzania. Hatua hiyo ililazimu Serikali ya Tanzania na UNHCR kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta ili kutoa hifadhi ya dharura.<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Tanzania: Burundi Refugees Face Pressure to Return |year=2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Idadi ya Watu na Demografia ==
Tofauti na Kambi ya Nyarugusu ambayo ina mchanganyiko mkubwa wa Wakongomani na Warundi, Kambi ya Nduta inahifadhi asilimia kubwa sana ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]]. Raia hawa wanazungumza lugha ya [[Kirundi]], [[Kiswahili]], na [[Kifaransa]].
Katika kilele cha mgogoro huo, kambi hii ilihifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 120,000, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kambi yenye idadi kubwa zaidi ya Warundi nchini Tanzania. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, idadi hiyo imepungua hadi kufikia takribani watu 60,000 hadi 70,000 kutokana na zoezi endelevu la kuwarejesha Warundi nyumbani kwa hiari kufuatia kuimarika kwa usalama nchini mwao.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Zoezi la kuwarejesha wakimbizi wa Burundi lafanyika kwa ushirikiano wa pande tatu |publisher=Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani Tanzania |year=2024 |url=https://www.moha.go.tz |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Usimamizi na Huduma za Jamii ==
Mashirika mbalimbali ya kibinadamu ya kitaifa na kimataifa yanafanya kazi kambini Nduta ili kutoa huduma za msingi. Mashirika hayo ni pamoja na:
* '''Madaktari Wasio na Mipaka (MSF):''' Wamekuwa mstari wa mbele katika kutoa huduma za afya, matibabu ya dharura, na kliniki za uzazi kambini humo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=MSF |title=Medical activities in Nduta Refugee Camp |url=https://www.msf.org |date=2022 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
* '''Baraza la Wakimbizi la Denmark (DRC):''' Wanajishughulisha na ujenzi wa makazi, usambazaji wa nishati mbadala, na ulinzi wa mazingira.
* '''Shirika la Mpango wa Chakula Duniani ([[WFP]]):''' Wanahusika na ugawaji wa chakula na lishe kwa wakimbizi.
=== Miundombinu ===
Kambi ina shule za msingi na sekondari zinazofuata mtaala wa Burundi, vituo vya kulelea watoto wadogo, mifumo ya maji safi, na masoko madogo ya ndani kwa ajili ya kubadilishana bidhaa.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:wilaya ya Kibondo]]
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mtendeli''' ilikuwa makazi ya wakimbizi yaliyopo katika [[Wilaya ya Kakonko]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilisimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Operations |publisher=UNHCR |access-date...'
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mtendeli''' ilikuwa makazi ya wakimbizi yaliyopo katika [[Wilaya ya Kakonko]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilisimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Operations |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Mtendeli ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Januari mwaka 2016 ili kupokea maelfu ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]] waliokuwa wakikimbia ghasia za kisiasa, kufuatia msongamano mkubwa uliokuwa unakabili kambi pacha za [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu|Nyarugusu]] na [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta|Nduta]].<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi ya Mtendeli kupunguza msongamano |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2016-01-14 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii ilifungwa rasmi mnamo mwishoni mwa mwaka 2021 baada ya mpango wa kuhamishia wakimbizi wake kambi zingine na kuwarejesha wengine nyumbani.<ref>{{Cite report |author=UNHCR |title=Consolidation of Refugee Camps in Tanzania: Mtendeli Closure Report |year=2021 |url=https://data.unhcr.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Hapo awali, Mtendeli ilitumika kama makazi ya wakimbizi wa Rwanda na Burundi katika miaka ya 1990 wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu. Baadae ilifungwa miaka ya 2000 baada ya hali ya usalama kuimarika katika nchi hizo.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, wimbi jipya la wakimbizi zaidi ya 150,000 kutoka Burundi liliingia Tanzania. Kutokana na Kambi ya Nyarugusu kuelemewa, Serikali iliamua kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta (mwaka 2015) na kufuatiwa na Mtendeli mapema mwaka 2016 ili kusawazisha idadi ya watu. Katika kilele chake, Mtendeli ilihifadhi takribani wakimbizi 50,000, wote wakiwa raia wa Burundi.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Oxfam |title=Responding to the Burundi Refugee Crisis in Mtendeli |url=https://www.oxfam.org |date=2017 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Kufungwa kwa Kambi (2021) ==
Mnamo mwaka 2021, Serikali ya Tanzania kwa makubaliano na Shirika la wakimbizi duniani UNHCR ilianzisha mpango wa kuunganisha kambi za wakimbizi (camp consolidation) mkoani Kigoma ili kuboresha utoaji wa huduma na kupunguza gharama za uendeshaji.
Chini ya mpango huo, Kambi ya Mtendeli ilichaguliwa kufungwa rasmi. Wakimbizi wote waliokuwa wakiishi Mtendeli walihamishiwa kwa awamu kwenda Kambi ya Nduta, huku wengine wakichagua kurejea Burundi kwa hiari yao chini ya mpango wa serikali wa kuwarejesha nyumbani kwa usalama.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Mwananchi |title=Serikali na UNHCR kuanza kuhamisha wakimbizi kambi ya Mtendeli |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2021-07-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Usimamizi ==
Wakati wa uendeshaji wake, mashirika mbalimbali kama [[Oxfam]], Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu (TRCS), na Medair yalikuwa yakitoa huduma za maji safi na usafi wa mazingira (WASH), huduma za afya, na ulinzi. Kambi ilikuwa na shule za msingi na sekondari zilizofuata mtaala wa Burundi ili kuwasaidia watoto wa wakimbizi kupata elimu inayotambulika kwao.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mtendeli''' ilikuwa makazi ya wakimbizi yaliyopo katika [[Wilaya ya Kakonko]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilisimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Operations |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Mtendeli ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Januari mwaka 2016 ili kupokea maelfu ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]] waliokuwa wakikimbia ghasia za kisiasa, kufuatia msongamano mkubwa uliokuwa unakabili kambi pacha za [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu|Nyarugusu]] na [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta|Nduta]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi ya Mtendeli kupunguza msongamano |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2016-01-14 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii ilifungwa rasmi mnamo mwishoni mwa mwaka 2021 baada ya mpango wa kuhamishia wakimbizi wake kambi zingine na kuwarejesha wengine nyumbani.<ref>{{Cite report |author=UNHCR |title=Consolidation of Refugee Camps in Tanzania: Mtendeli Closure Report |year=2021 |url=https://data.unhcr.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Hapo awali, Mtendeli ilitumika kama makazi ya wakimbizi wa Rwanda na Burundi katika miaka ya 1990 wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu. Baadae ilifungwa miaka ya 2000 baada ya hali ya usalama kuimarika katika nchi hizo.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, wimbi jipya la wakimbizi zaidi ya 150,000 kutoka Burundi liliingia Tanzania. Kutokana na Kambi ya Nyarugusu kuelemewa, Serikali iliamua kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta (mwaka 2015) na kufuatiwa na Mtendeli mapema mwaka 2016 ili kusawazisha idadi ya watu. Katika kilele chake, Mtendeli ilihifadhi takribani wakimbizi 50,000, wote wakiwa raia wa Burundi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=Oxfam |title=Responding to the Burundi Refugee Crisis in Mtendeli |url=https://www.oxfam.org |date=2017 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Kufungwa kwa Kambi (2021) ==
Mnamo mwaka 2021, Serikali ya Tanzania kwa makubaliano na Shirika la wakimbizi duniani UNHCR ilianzisha mpango wa kuunganisha kambi za wakimbizi (camp consolidation) mkoani Kigoma ili kuboresha utoaji wa huduma na kupunguza gharama za uendeshaji.
Chini ya mpango huo, Kambi ya Mtendeli ilichaguliwa kufungwa rasmi. Wakimbizi wote waliokuwa wakiishi Mtendeli walihamishiwa kwa awamu kwenda Kambi ya Nduta, huku wengine wakichagua kurejea Burundi kwa hiari yao chini ya mpango wa serikali wa kuwarejesha nyumbani kwa usalama.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=Mwananchi |title=Serikali na UNHCR kuanza kuhamisha wakimbizi kambi ya Mtendeli |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2021-07-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Usimamizi ==
Wakati wa uendeshaji wake, mashirika mbalimbali kama [[Oxfam]], Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu (TRCS), na Medair yalikuwa yakitoa huduma za maji safi na usafi wa mazingira (WASH), huduma za afya, na ulinzi. Kambi ilikuwa na shule za msingi na sekondari zilizofuata mtaala wa Burundi ili kuwasaidia watoto wa wakimbizi kupata elimu inayotambulika kwao.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kigoma]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mtendeli''' ilikuwa makazi ya wakimbizi yaliyopo katika [[Wilaya ya Kakonko]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilisimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Operations |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Mtendeli ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Januari mwaka 2016 ili kupokea maelfu ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]] waliokuwa wakikimbia ghasia za kisiasa, kufuatia msongamano mkubwa uliokuwa unakabili kambi pacha za [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu|Nyarugusu]] na [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta|Nduta]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi ya Mtendeli kupunguza msongamano |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2016-01-14 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii ilifungwa rasmi mnamo mwishoni mwa mwaka 2021 baada ya mpango wa kuhamishia wakimbizi wake kambi zingine na kuwarejesha wengine nyumbani.<ref>{{Cite report |author=UNHCR |title=Consolidation of Refugee Camps in Tanzania: Mtendeli Closure Report |year=2021 |url=https://data.unhcr.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Hapo awali, Mtendeli ilitumika kama makazi ya wakimbizi wa Rwanda na Burundi katika miaka ya 1990 wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu. Baadae ilifungwa miaka ya 2000 baada ya hali ya usalama kuimarika katika nchi hizo.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, wimbi jipya la wakimbizi zaidi ya 150,000 kutoka Burundi liliingia Tanzania. Kutokana na Kambi ya Nyarugusu kuelemewa, Serikali iliamua kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta (mwaka 2015) na kufuatiwa na Mtendeli mapema mwaka 2016 ili kusawazisha idadi ya watu. Katika kilele chake, Mtendeli ilihifadhi takribani wakimbizi 50,000, wote wakiwa raia wa Burundi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=Oxfam |title=Responding to the Burundi Refugee Crisis in Mtendeli |url=https://www.oxfam.org |date=2017 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Kufungwa kwa Kambi (2021) ==
Mnamo mwaka 2021, Serikali ya Tanzania kwa makubaliano na Shirika la wakimbizi duniani UNHCR ilianzisha mpango wa kuunganisha kambi za wakimbizi (camp consolidation) mkoani Kigoma ili kuboresha utoaji wa huduma na kupunguza gharama za uendeshaji.
Chini ya mpango huo, Kambi ya Mtendeli ilichaguliwa kufungwa rasmi. Wakimbizi wote waliokuwa wakiishi Mtendeli walihamishiwa kwa awamu kwenda Kambi ya Nduta, huku wengine wakichagua kurejea Burundi kwa hiari yao chini ya mpango wa serikali wa kuwarejesha nyumbani kwa usalama.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=Mwananchi |title=Serikali na UNHCR kuanza kuhamisha wakimbizi kambi ya Mtendeli |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2021-07-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Usimamizi ==
Wakati wa uendeshaji wake, mashirika mbalimbali kama [[Oxfam]], Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu (TRCS), na Medair yalikuwa yakitoa huduma za maji safi na usafi wa mazingira (WASH), huduma za afya, na ulinzi. Kambi ilikuwa na shule za msingi na sekondari zilizofuata mtaala wa Burundi ili kuwasaidia watoto wa wakimbizi kupata elimu inayotambulika kwao.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:wilaya ya Kakonko]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Mtendeli''' ilikuwa makazi ya wakimbizi yaliyopo katika [[Wilaya ya Kakonko]], [[Mkoa wa Kigoma]], magharibi mwa [[Tanzania]]. Kambi hii ilisimamiwa na Serikali ya Tanzania kupitia Wizara ya Mambo ya Ndani ya Nchi (MHA) kwa kushirikiana na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/tanzania.html |title=UNHCR Tanzania Refugee Operations |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Mtendeli ilifunguliwa upya rasmi mnamo mwezi Januari mwaka 2016 ili kupokea maelfu ya wakimbizi kutoka [[Burundi]] waliokuwa wakikimbia ghasia za kisiasa, kufuatia msongamano mkubwa uliokuwa unakabili kambi pacha za [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nyarugusu|Nyarugusu]] na [[Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Nduta|Nduta]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Tanzania yafungua kambi ya Mtendeli kupunguza msongamano |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2016-01-14 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii ilifungwa rasmi mnamo mwishoni mwa mwaka 2021 baada ya mpango wa kuhamishia wakimbizi wake kambi zingine na kuwarejesha wengine nyumbani.<ref>{{Cite report |author=UNHCR |title=Consolidation of Refugee Camps in Tanzania: Mtendeli Closure Report |year=2021 |url=https://data.unhcr.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia ==
Hapo awali, Mtendeli ilitumika kama makazi ya wakimbizi wa Rwanda na Burundi katika miaka ya 1990 wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Ukanda wa Maziwa Makuu. Baadae ilifungwa miaka ya 2000 baada ya hali ya usalama kuimarika katika nchi hizo.
Mnamo mwaka 2015, wimbi jipya la wakimbizi zaidi ya 150,000 kutoka Burundi liliingia Tanzania. Kutokana na Kambi ya Nyarugusu kuelemewa, Serikali iliamua kuifungua upya kambi ya Nduta (mwaka 2015) na kufuatiwa na Mtendeli mapema mwaka 2016 ili kusawazisha idadi ya watu. Katika kilele chake, Mtendeli ilihifadhi takribani wakimbizi 50,000, wote wakiwa raia wa Burundi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=Oxfam |title=Responding to the Burundi Refugee Crisis in Mtendeli |url=https://www.oxfam.org |date=2017 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Kufungwa kwa Kambi (2021) ==
Mnamo mwaka 2021, Serikali ya Tanzania kwa makubaliano na Shirika la wakimbizi duniani UNHCR ilianzisha mpango wa kuunganisha kambi za wakimbizi (camp consolidation) mkoani Kigoma ili kuboresha utoaji wa huduma na kupunguza gharama za uendeshaji.
Chini ya mpango huo, Kambi ya Mtendeli ilichaguliwa kufungwa rasmi. Wakimbizi wote waliokuwa wakiishi Mtendeli walihamishiwa kwa awamu kwenda Kambi ya Nduta, huku wengine wakichagua kurejea Burundi kwa hiari yao chini ya mpango wa serikali wa kuwarejesha nyumbani kwa usalama.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=Mwananchi |title=Serikali na UNHCR kuanza kuhamisha wakimbizi kambi ya Mtendeli |url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz |date=2021-07-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Usimamizi ==
Wakati wa uendeshaji wake, mashirika mbalimbali kama [[Oxfam]], Shirika la Msalaba Mwekundu (TRCS), na Medair yalikuwa yakitoa huduma za maji safi na usafi wa mazingira (WASH), huduma za afya, na ulinzi. Kambi ilikuwa na shule za msingi na sekondari zilizofuata mtaala wa Burundi ili kuwasaidia watoto wa wakimbizi kupata elimu inayotambulika kwao.
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Tanzania]]
[[Jamii:wilaya ya Kakonko]]
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert Capa''' (aliyefahamika awali kama '''Friedmann Endre Ernő'''; 22 Oktoba 1913 – 25 Mei 1954) alikuwa mpiga picha wa vita na mwandishi wa habari mashuhuri kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alipata uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Dunia inamkumbuka kama mmoja wa wapiga picha wakubwa na wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi wa picha za vita katika historia ya tasnia ya habari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/robert-capa/ |title...'
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'''Robert Capa''' (aliyefahamika awali kama '''Friedmann Endre Ernő'''; 22 Oktoba 1913 – 25 Mei 1954) alikuwa mpiga picha wa vita na mwandishi wa habari mashuhuri kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alipata uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Dunia inamkumbuka kama mmoja wa wapiga picha wakubwa na wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi wa picha za vita katika historia ya tasnia ya habari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/robert-capa/ |title=Robert Capa Profile |publisher=Magnum Photos |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Capa alipiga picha mapambano makubwa matano tofauti: [[Vita vya Kiraia vya Uhispania]], Vita vya Pili vya Sino-Kijapani, [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] (ikiwa ni pamoja na uvamizi wa Normandy katika ufuo wa Omaha), Vita vya Waarabu na Waisraeli vya mwaka 1948, na Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina.
== Maisha ya Awali ==
Alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Mnamo mwaka 1931, alihama Hungaria baada ya kukamatwa kwa sababu ya harakati zake za kisiasa zilizopinga serikali ya mwelekeo wa mbali wa kulia. Alihamia [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]], ambapo alianza kusomea uandishi wa habari na kufanya kazi kama msaidizi wa giza wa mpiga picha (darkroom assistant).<ref>{{Cite book |author=Richard Whelan |title=Robert Capa: A Biography |year=1985 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0394524887}}</ref>
Kufuatia utawala wa [[Adolf Hitler]] na Chama cha Nazi mnamo 1933, Capa alilazimika kukimbia Ujerumani na kuhamia [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. Akiwa Paris, alibadili jina lake kutoka "Endre Friedmann" na kuanza kutumia jina la "Robert Capa" , jambo lililomsaidia kuuza picha zake kwa bei nzuri zaidi. Hapo ndipo alipokutana na Gerda Taro, mwanamke aliyekuwa mpenzi wake na mshirika wake mkubwa katika kazi ya upigaji picha.
== Kifo Chake ==
Mnamo miaka ya 1950, Capa alirudi tena katika uwanja wa vita huko Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia (Indochina) kuripoti Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina kwa niaba ya jarida la ''Life''. Tarehe 25 Mei 1954, akiwa ameambatana na jeshi la Kifaransa huko Thái Bình, Vietnam, Capa alishuka kwenye gari ili kupiga picha ya msafara wa wanajeshi waliokuwa wakisonga mbele. Wakati akitembea, alikanyaga bomu la ardhini (landmine) na kufariki dunia papo hapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 40.<ref>{{Cite web |author=International Center of Photography |title=Robert Capa Biography and Legacy |url=https://www.icp.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Watu waliozaliwa Budapest]]
[[Jamii:Wapiga picha wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Waliokufa kwa mabomu ya ardhini]]
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced.
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'''Robert Capa''' (aliyefahamika awali kama '''Friedmann Endre Ernő'''; 22 Oktoba 1913 – 25 Mei 1954) alikuwa mpiga picha wa vita na mwandishi wa habari mashuhuri kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alipata uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Dunia inamkumbuka kama mmoja wa wapiga picha wakubwa na wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi wa picha za vita katika historia ya tasnia ya habari.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/robert-capa/ |title=Robert Capa Profile |publisher=Magnum Photos |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Capa alipiga picha mapambano makubwa matano tofauti: [[Vita vya Kiraia vya Uhispania]], Vita vya Pili vya Sino-Kijapani, [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] (ikiwa ni pamoja na uvamizi wa Normandy katika ufuo wa Omaha), Vita vya Waarabu na Waisraeli vya mwaka 1948, na Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina.
== Maisha ya Awali ==
Alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Mnamo mwaka 1931, alihama Hungaria baada ya kukamatwa kwa sababu ya harakati zake za kisiasa zilizopinga serikali ya mwelekeo wa mbali wa kulia. Alihamia [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]], ambapo alianza kusomea uandishi wa habari na kufanya kazi kama msaidizi wa giza wa mpiga picha (darkroom assistant).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |author=Richard Whelan |title=Robert Capa: A Biography |year=1985 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0394524887}}</ref>
Kufuatia utawala wa [[Adolf Hitler]] na Chama cha Nazi mnamo 1933, Capa alilazimika kukimbia Ujerumani na kuhamia [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. Akiwa Paris, alibadili jina lake kutoka "Endre Friedmann" na kuanza kutumia jina la "Robert Capa" , jambo lililomsaidia kuuza picha zake kwa bei nzuri zaidi. Hapo ndipo alipokutana na Gerda Taro, mwanamke aliyekuwa mpenzi wake na mshirika wake mkubwa katika kazi ya upigaji picha.
== Kifo Chake ==
Mnamo miaka ya 1950, Capa alirudi tena katika uwanja wa vita huko Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia (Indochina) kuripoti Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina kwa niaba ya jarida la ''Life''. Tarehe 25 Mei 1954, akiwa ameambatana na jeshi la Kifaransa huko Thái Bình, Vietnam, Capa alishuka kwenye gari ili kupiga picha ya msafara wa wanajeshi waliokuwa wakisonga mbele. Wakati akitembea, alikanyaga bomu la ardhini (landmine) na kufariki dunia papo hapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 40.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=International Center of Photography |title=Robert Capa Biography and Legacy |url=https://www.icp.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Watu waliozaliwa Budapest]]
[[Jamii:Wapiga picha wa Marekani]]
[[Jamii:Waliokufa kwa mabomu ya ardhini]]
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'''Robert Capa''' (alifahamika awali kama '''Friedmann Endre Ernő'''; 22 Oktoba 1913 – 25 Mei 1954) alikuwa mpiga picha wa vita na mwandishi wa habari mashuhuri kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alipata uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Dunia inamkumbuka kama mmoja wa wapiga picha wakubwa na wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi wa picha za vita katika historia ya tasnia ya habari.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/robert-capa/ |title=Robert Capa Profile |publisher=Magnum Photos |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Capa alipiga picha mapambano makubwa matano tofauti: [[Vita vya Kiraia vya Uhispania]], Vita vya Pili vya Sino-Kijapani, [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] (ikiwa ni pamoja na uvamizi wa Normandy katika ufuo wa Omaha), Vita vya Waarabu na Waisraeli vya mwaka 1948, na Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina.
== Maisha ya Awali ==
Alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Mnamo mwaka 1931, alihama Hungaria baada ya kukamatwa kwa sababu ya harakati zake za kisiasa zilizopinga serikali ya mwelekeo wa mbali wa kulia. Alihamia [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]], ambapo alianza kusomea uandishi wa habari na kufanya kazi kama msaidizi wa giza wa mpiga picha (darkroom assistant).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |author=Richard Whelan |title=Robert Capa: A Biography |year=1985 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0394524887}}</ref>
Kufuatia utawala wa [[Adolf Hitler]] na Chama cha Nazi mnamo 1933, Capa alilazimika kukimbia Ujerumani na kuhamia [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. Akiwa Paris, alibadili jina lake kutoka "Endre Friedmann" na kuanza kutumia jina la "Robert Capa" , jambo lililomsaidia kuuza picha zake kwa bei nzuri zaidi. Hapo ndipo alipokutana na Gerda Taro, mwanamke aliyekuwa mpenzi wake na mshirika wake mkubwa katika kazi ya upigaji picha.
== Kifo Chake ==
Mnamo miaka ya 1950, Capa alirudi tena katika uwanja wa vita huko Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia (Indochina) kuripoti Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina kwa niaba ya jarida la ''Life''. Tarehe 25 Mei 1954, akiwa ameambatana na jeshi la Kifaransa huko Thái Bình, Vietnam, Capa alishuka kwenye gari ili kupiga picha ya msafara wa wanajeshi waliokuwa wakisonga mbele. Wakati akitembea, alikanyaga bomu la ardhini (landmine) na kufariki dunia papo hapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 40.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=International Center of Photography |title=Robert Capa Biography and Legacy |url=https://www.icp.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{BD|1913|1954}}
[[Jamii:Wapiga picha]]
[[jamii:wasanii wa Hungaria]]
[[jamii:wasanii wa Marekani]]
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'''Robert Capa''' (alifahamika awali kama '''Friedmann Endre Ernő'''; 22 Oktoba 1913 – 25 Mei 1954) alikuwa mpiga picha wa vita na mwandishi wa habari mashuhuri kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alipata uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Dunia inamkumbuka kama mmoja wa wapiga picha wakubwa na wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi wa picha za vita katika historia ya tasnia ya habari.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.magnumphotos.com/photographer/robert-capa/ |title=Robert Capa Profile |publisher=Magnum Photos |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Capa alipiga picha mapambano makubwa matano tofauti: [[Vita vya Kiraia vya Uhispania]], Vita vya Pili vya Sino-Kijapani, [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] (ikiwa ni pamoja na uvamizi wa Normandy katika ufuo wa Omaha), Vita vya Waarabu na Waisraeli vya mwaka 1948, na Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina.
== Maisha ya Awali ==
Alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Mnamo mwaka 1931, alihama Hungaria baada ya kukamatwa kwa sababu ya harakati zake za kisiasa zilizopinga serikali ya mwelekeo wa mbali wa kulia. Alihamia [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]], ambapo alianza kusomea uandishi wa habari na kufanya kazi kama msaidizi wa giza wa mpiga picha (darkroom assistant).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |author=Richard Whelan |title=Robert Capa: A Biography |year=1985 |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0394524887}}</ref>
Kufuatia utawala wa [[Adolf Hitler]] na Chama cha Nazi mnamo 1933, Capa alilazimika kukimbia Ujerumani na kuhamia [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]. Akiwa Paris, alibadili jina lake kutoka "Endre Friedmann" na kuanza kutumia jina la "Robert Capa" , jambo lililomsaidia kuuza picha zake kwa bei nzuri zaidi. Hapo ndipo alipokutana na Gerda Taro, mwanamke aliyekuwa mpenzi wake na mshirika wake mkubwa katika kazi ya upigaji picha.
== Kifo Chake ==
Mnamo miaka ya 1950, Capa alirudi tena katika uwanja wa vita huko Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia (Indochina) kuripoti Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina kwa niaba ya jarida la ''Life''. Tarehe 25 Mei 1954, akiwa ameambatana na jeshi la Kifaransa huko Thái Bình, Vietnam, Capa alishuka kwenye gari ili kupiga picha ya msafara wa wanajeshi waliokuwa wakisonga mbele. Wakati akitembea, alikanyaga bomu la ardhini (landmine) na kufariki dunia papo hapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 40.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author=International Center of Photography |title=Robert Capa Biography and Legacy |url=https://www.icp.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{BD|1913|1954}}
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Wapiga picha]]
[[jamii:wasanii wa Hungaria]]
[[jamii:wasanii wa Marekani]]
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Agnes Keleti
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ágnes Keleti''' (alifahamika awali kwa jina la '''Klein Ágnes'''; 9 Januari 1921) ni mwanasarakasi mkongwe na bingwa wa zamani wa [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alikimbilia na kupata uraia wa [[Israeli]]. Akiwa na jumla ya medali kumi za Olimpiki (tano za dhahabu, tatu za fedha, na mbili za shaba), anatajwa kama mmoja wa wanasarakasi wa kike wenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika historia ya mchezo huo.<ref>{{Cite web...'
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'''Ágnes Keleti''' (alifahamika awali kwa jina la '''Klein Ágnes'''; 9 Januari 1921) ni mwanasarakasi mkongwe na bingwa wa zamani wa [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alikimbilia na kupata uraia wa [[Israeli]]. Akiwa na jumla ya medali kumi za Olimpiki (tano za dhahabu, tatu za fedha, na mbili za shaba), anatajwa kama mmoja wa wanasarakasi wa kike wenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika historia ya mchezo huo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com |title=Agnes Keleti Profile |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Keleti anajulikana kama mshindi wa medali ya dhahabu ya Olimpiki mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi ambaye bado yupo hai duniani.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Mshindi mkongwe zaidi wa Olimpiki afikisha miaka 100 |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2021-01-09 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Maisha ya Awali na Athari za Vita ==
Keleti alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Alianza kujifunza mazoezi ya viungo (gymnastics) akiwa na umri wa miaka minne na alishinda ubingwa wake wa kwanza wa kitaifa wa Hungaria akiwa na umri wa miaka 16. Alikuwa tayari kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1940, lakini michezo hiyo ilifutwa kwa sababu ya mlipuko wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].
Wakati wa uvamizi wa Wanazi nchini Hungaria mnamo 1944, maisha ya Keleti yalikuwa hatarini kwa sababu ya asili yake ya Kiyahudi. Baba yake na ndugu wengine wa familia walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika kambi ya mateso ya Auschwitz ambako waliuawa. Keleti alinusurika kifo katika vita hivyo kwa kununua nyaraka za kughushi zilizomwonyesha kama msichana wa Kikristo kutoka vijanduni, na alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ndani wa nyumba na kiwanda cha silaha chini ya jina la siri la "Juhász Piroska".
== Mafanikio ya Olimpiki ==
Baada ya vita kwisha, Keleti alirudi kwenye mchezo huo. Alishiriki Olimpiki yake ya kwanza mnamo mwaka 1952 huko Helsinki akiwa na umri wa miaka 31 (umri mkubwa kwa mwanasarakasi) ambapo alishinda medali nne, ikiwa ni pamoja na dhahabu yake ya kwanza.
Kilele cha mafanikio yake kilikuja katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1956 huko Melbourne, [[Australia]], ambapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 35, alishinda medali sita kwa pamoja ikiwa ni pamoja na medali nne za dhahabu. Alikuwa mwanamichezo mwenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika Olimpiki hiyo ya mwaka 1956.
== Ukimbizi na Kuhamia Israeli ==
Wakati Keleti akiwa huko Melbourne mnamo Novemba 1956, jeshi la Urusi (Soviet Union) lilivamia mji wa Budapest nchini Hungaria [[Mapinduzi ya Hungaria ya 1956]]. Kutokana na hofu ya kiusalama na kisiasa nyumbani kwao, Keleti pamoja na wanamichezo wengine 44 wa Hungaria walikataa kurejea nchini mwao na kuomba ukimbizi wa kisiasa nchini Australia.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=International Journal of the History of Sport |title=The 1956 Olympic Defections: A Cold War Case Study |year=2012 |journal=Sports History Studies}}</ref>
Mnamo mwaka 1957, Keleti alihama kutoka Australia na kuelekea nchini Israeli, ambako alipewa uraia. Nchini Israeli, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu mkuu wa elimu ya viungo katika Taasisi ya Wingate na akawa kocha mkuu wa timu ya kitaifa ya sarakasi ya Israeli, akichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuanzisha na kukuza mchezo huo nchini humo.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Yad Vashem |title=Agnes Keleti: Survival and Triumph |url=https://www.yadvashem.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Watu waliozaliwa Budapest]]
[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Olimpiki wa Hungaria]]
[[Jamii:Wakimbizi waliohamia Israeli]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
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'''Ágnes Keleti''' (alifahamika awali kwa jina la '''Klein Ágnes'''; 9 Januari 1921 - 2 Januari 2025) alikuwa mwanasarakasi mkongwe na bingwa wa zamani wa [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alikimbilia na kupata uraia wa [[Israeli]]. Akiwa na jumla ya medali kumi za Olimpiki (tano za dhahabu, tatu za fedha, na mbili za shaba), anatajwa kama mmoja wa wanasarakasi wa kike wenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika historia ya mchezo huo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com |title=Agnes Keleti Profile |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Keleti anajulikana kama mshindi wa medali ya dhahabu ya Olimpiki mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi ambaye bado yupo hai duniani.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Mshindi mkongwe zaidi wa Olimpiki afikisha miaka 100 |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2021-01-09 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Maisha ya Awali na Athari za Vita ==
Keleti alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Alianza kujifunza mazoezi ya viungo (gymnastics) akiwa na umri wa miaka minne na alishinda ubingwa wake wa kwanza wa kitaifa wa Hungaria akiwa na umri wa miaka 16. Alikuwa tayari kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1940, lakini michezo hiyo ilifutwa kwa sababu ya mlipuko wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].
Wakati wa uvamizi wa Wanazi nchini Hungaria mnamo 1944, maisha ya Keleti yalikuwa hatarini kwa sababu ya asili yake ya Kiyahudi. Baba yake na ndugu wengine wa familia walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika kambi ya mateso ya Auschwitz ambako waliuawa. Keleti alinusurika kifo katika vita hivyo kwa kununua nyaraka za kughushi zilizomwonyesha kama msichana wa Kikristo kutoka vijanduni, na alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ndani wa nyumba na kiwanda cha silaha chini ya jina la siri la "Juhász Piroska".
== Mafanikio ya Olimpiki ==
Baada ya vita kwisha, Keleti alirudi kwenye mchezo huo. Alishiriki Olimpiki yake ya kwanza mnamo mwaka 1952 huko Helsinki akiwa na umri wa miaka 31 (umri mkubwa kwa mwanasarakasi) ambapo alishinda medali nne, ikiwa ni pamoja na dhahabu yake ya kwanza.
Kilele cha mafanikio yake kilikuja katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1956 huko Melbourne, [[Australia]], ambapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 35, alishinda medali sita kwa pamoja ikiwa ni pamoja na medali nne za dhahabu. Alikuwa mwanamichezo mwenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika Olimpiki hiyo ya mwaka 1956.
== Ukimbizi na Kuhamia Israeli ==
Wakati Keleti akiwa huko Melbourne mnamo Novemba 1956, jeshi la Urusi (Soviet Union) lilivamia mji wa Budapest nchini Hungaria [[Mapinduzi ya Hungaria ya 1956]]. Kutokana na hofu ya kiusalama na kisiasa nyumbani kwao, Keleti pamoja na wanamichezo wengine 44 wa Hungaria walikataa kurejea nchini mwao na kuomba ukimbizi wa kisiasa nchini Australia.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=International Journal of the History of Sport |title=The 1956 Olympic Defections: A Cold War Case Study |year=2012 |journal=Sports History Studies}}</ref>
Mnamo mwaka 1957, Keleti alihama Australia na kuelekea Israeli, ambako alipewa uraia. Nchini Israeli, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu mkuu wa elimu ya viungo katika Taasisi ya Wingate na akawa kocha mkuu wa timu ya kitaifa ya sarakasi ya Israeli, akichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuanzisha na kukuza mchezo huo nchini humo.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Yad Vashem |title=Agnes Keleti: Survival and Triumph |url=https://www.yadvashem.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{BD|1921|2025}}
[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Hungaria]]
[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Israeli]]
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'''Ágnes Keleti''' (alifahamika awali kwa jina la '''Klein Ágnes'''; 9 Januari 1921 - 2 Januari 2025) alikuwa mwanasarakasi mkongwe na bingwa wa zamani wa [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alikimbilia na kupata uraia wa [[Israeli]]. Akiwa na jumla ya medali kumi za Olimpiki (tano za dhahabu, tatu za fedha, na mbili za shaba), anatajwa kama mmoja wa wanasarakasi wa kike wenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika historia ya mchezo huo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com |title=Agnes Keleti Profile |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Keleti anajulikana kama mshindi wa medali ya dhahabu ya Olimpiki mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi ambaye bado yupo hai duniani.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Mshindi mkongwe zaidi wa Olimpiki afikisha miaka 100 |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2021-01-09 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Maisha ya Awali na Athari za Vita ==
Keleti alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Alianza kujifunza mazoezi ya viungo (gymnastics) akiwa na umri wa miaka minne na alishinda ubingwa wake wa kwanza wa kitaifa wa Hungaria akiwa na umri wa miaka 16. Alikuwa tayari kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1940, lakini michezo hiyo ilifutwa kwa sababu ya mlipuko wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].
Wakati wa uvamizi wa Wanazi nchini Hungaria mnamo 1944, maisha ya Keleti yalikuwa hatarini kwa sababu ya asili yake ya Kiyahudi. Baba yake na ndugu wengine wa familia walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika kambi ya mateso ya Auschwitz ambako waliuawa. Keleti alinusurika kifo katika vita hivyo kwa kununua nyaraka za kughushi zilizomwonyesha kama msichana wa Kikristo kutoka vijanduni, na alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ndani wa nyumba na kiwanda cha silaha chini ya jina la siri la "Juhász Piroska".
== Mafanikio ya Olimpiki ==
Baada ya vita kwisha, Keleti alirudi kwenye mchezo huo. Alishiriki Olimpiki yake ya kwanza mnamo mwaka 1952 huko Helsinki akiwa na umri wa miaka 31 (umri mkubwa kwa mwanasarakasi) ambapo alishinda medali nne, ikiwa ni pamoja na dhahabu yake ya kwanza.
Kilele cha mafanikio yake kilikuja katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1956 huko Melbourne, [[Australia]], ambapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 35, alishinda medali sita kwa pamoja ikiwa ni pamoja na medali nne za dhahabu. Alikuwa mwanamichezo mwenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika Olimpiki hiyo ya mwaka 1956.
== Ukimbizi na Kuhamia Israeli ==
Wakati Keleti akiwa huko Melbourne mnamo Novemba 1956, jeshi la Urusi (Soviet Union) lilivamia mji wa Budapest nchini Hungaria [[Mapinduzi ya Hungaria ya 1956]]. Kutokana na hofu ya kiusalama na kisiasa nyumbani kwao, Keleti pamoja na wanamichezo wengine 44 wa Hungaria walikataa kurejea nchini mwao na kuomba ukimbizi wa kisiasa nchini Australia.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=International Journal of the History of Sport |title=The 1956 Olympic Defections: A Cold War Case Study |year=2012 |journal=Sports History Studies}}</ref>
Mnamo mwaka 1957, Keleti alihama Australia na kuelekea Israeli, ambako alipewa uraia. Nchini Israeli, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu mkuu wa elimu ya viungo katika Taasisi ya Wingate na akawa kocha mkuu wa timu ya kitaifa ya sarakasi ya Israeli, akichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuanzisha na kukuza mchezo huo nchini humo.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Yad Vashem |title=Agnes Keleti: Survival and Triumph |url=https://www.yadvashem.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{BD|1921|2025}}
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Hungaria]]
[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Israeli]]
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'''Ágnes Keleti''' (alifahamika awali kwa jina la '''Klein Ágnes'''; 9 Januari 1921 - 2 Januari 2025) alikuwa mwanasarakasi mkongwe na bingwa wa zamani wa [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] kutoka nchini [[Hungaria]] ambaye baadaye alikimbilia na kupata uraia wa [[Israeli]]. Akiwa na jumla ya medali kumi za Olimpiki (tano za dhahabu, tatu za fedha, na mbili za shaba), anatajwa kama mmoja wa wanasarakasi wa kike wenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika historia ya mchezo huo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.olympics.com |title=Agnes Keleti Profile |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Keleti anajulikana kama mshindi wa medali ya dhahabu ya Olimpiki mwenye umri mkubwa zaidi ambaye bado yupo hai duniani.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Mshindi mkongwe zaidi wa Olimpiki afikisha miaka 100 |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2021-01-09 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Maisha ya Awali na Athari za Vita ==
Keleti alizaliwa katika familia ya Kiyahudi huko Budapest, Hungaria. Alianza kujifunza mazoezi ya viungo (gymnastics) akiwa na umri wa miaka minne na alishinda ubingwa wake wa kwanza wa kitaifa wa Hungaria akiwa na umri wa miaka 16. Alikuwa tayari kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1940, lakini michezo hiyo ilifutwa kwa sababu ya mlipuko wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]].
Wakati wa uvamizi wa Wanazi nchini Hungaria mnamo 1944, maisha ya Keleti yalikuwa hatarini kwa sababu ya asili yake ya Kiyahudi. Baba yake na ndugu wengine wa familia walikamatwa na kupelekwa katika kambi ya mateso ya Auschwitz ambako waliuawa. Keleti alinusurika kifo katika vita hivyo kwa kununua nyaraka za kughushi zilizomwonyesha kama msichana wa Kikristo kutoka vijanduni, na alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ndani wa nyumba na kiwanda cha silaha chini ya jina la siri la "Juhász Piroska".
== Mafanikio ya Olimpiki ==
Baada ya vita kwisha, Keleti alirudi kwenye mchezo huo. Alishiriki Olimpiki yake ya kwanza mnamo mwaka 1952 huko Helsinki akiwa na umri wa miaka 31 (umri mkubwa kwa mwanasarakasi) ambapo alishinda medali nne, ikiwa ni pamoja na dhahabu yake ya kwanza.
Kilele cha mafanikio yake kilikuja katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1956 huko Melbourne, [[Australia]], ambapo akiwa na umri wa miaka 35, alishinda medali sita kwa pamoja ikiwa ni pamoja na medali nne za dhahabu. Alikuwa mwanamichezo mwenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi katika Olimpiki hiyo ya mwaka 1956.
== Ukimbizi na Kuhamia Israeli ==
Wakati Keleti akiwa huko Melbourne mnamo Novemba 1956, jeshi la Urusi (Soviet Union) lilivamia mji wa Budapest nchini Hungaria [[Mapinduzi ya Hungaria ya 1956]]. Kutokana na hofu ya kiusalama na kisiasa nyumbani kwao, Keleti pamoja na wanamichezo wengine 44 wa Hungaria walikataa kurejea nchini mwao na kuomba ukimbizi wa kisiasa nchini Australia.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=International Journal of the History of Sport |title=The 1956 Olympic Defections: A Cold War Case Study |year=2012 |journal=Sports History Studies}}</ref>
Mnamo mwaka 1957, Keleti alihama Australia na kuelekea Israeli, ambako alipewa uraia. Nchini Israeli, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu mkuu wa elimu ya viungo katika Taasisi ya Wingate na akawa kocha mkuu wa timu ya kitaifa ya sarakasi ya Israeli, akichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuanzisha na kukuza mchezo huo nchini humo.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Yad Vashem |title=Agnes Keleti: Survival and Triumph |url=https://www.yadvashem.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
{{BD|1921|2025}}
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Hungaria]]
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Maporomoko ya Tinkisso
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tinkisso|picha=Chutes du Tinkisso (Guinée).jpg}} '''Maporomoko ya Tinkisso''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto]] Tinkisso karibu na mji wa Dabola katikati mwa [[Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/roughguidetowest0000hudg|title=The rough guide to West Africa|last=Hudgens|first=Jim|date=2003|publisher=London : Rough Guides|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-84353-118-0}}</ref> Maporomoko haya y...'
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tinkisso|picha=Chutes du Tinkisso (Guinée).jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Tinkisso''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto]] Tinkisso karibu na mji wa Dabola katikati mwa [[Guinea]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/roughguidetowest0000hudg|title=The rough guide to West Africa|last=Hudgens|first=Jim|date=2003|publisher=London : Rough Guides|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-84353-118-0}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yana upana wa takribani [[mita]] 70 na urefu wa mita 45.
Kiasi cha maji kinachopita katika maporomoko haya huwa kikubwa zaidi wakati wa msimu wa [[mvua]], ambapo mtiririko wa Mto Tinkisso unaweza kuwa karibu mara kumi zaidi ya kiwango chake cha msimu wa kiangazi. Hali hii husababisha maporomoko hayo kuwa na [[nguvu]] na kuvutia zaidi katika kipindi cha mvua.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Guinea]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced.
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tinkisso|picha=Chutes du Tinkisso (Guinée).jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Tinkisso''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto]] Tinkisso karibu na mji wa Dabola katikati mwa [[Guinea]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/roughguidetowest0000hudg|title=The rough guide to West Africa|last=Hudgens|first=Jim|date=2003|publisher=London : Rough Guides|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-84353-118-0}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yana upana wa takribani [[mita]] 70 na urefu wa mita 45.
Kiasi cha maji kinachopita katika maporomoko haya huwa kikubwa zaidi wakati wa msimu wa [[mvua]], ambapo mtiririko wa Mto Tinkisso unaweza kuwa karibu mara kumi zaidi ya kiwango chake cha msimu wa kiangazi. Hali hii husababisha maporomoko hayo kuwa na [[nguvu]] na kuvutia zaidi katika kipindi cha mvua.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Guinea]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Tinkisso|picha=Chutes du Tinkisso (Guinée).jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Tinkisso''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto Tinkisso]] karibu na mji wa Dabola katikati mwa [[Guinea]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/roughguidetowest0000hudg|title=The rough guide to West Africa|last=Hudgens|first=Jim|date=2003|publisher=London : Rough Guides|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-1-84353-118-0}}</ref>
Maporomoko haya yana upana wa takribani [[mita]] 70 na urefu wa mita 45.
Kiasi cha maji kinachopita katika maporomoko haya huwa kikubwa zaidi wakati wa msimu wa [[mvua]], ambapo mtiririko wa Mto Tinkisso unaweza kuwa karibu mara kumi zaidi ya kiwango chake cha msimu wa kiangazi. Hali hii husababisha maporomoko hayo kuwa na [[nguvu]] na kuvutia zaidi katika kipindi cha mvua.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Guinea]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane|picha=Maletsunyanefalls.JPG}} '''Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yenye urefu wa mita 192 yaliyopo nchini [[Lesotho]], kusini mwa Afrika. Yanapatikana karibu na mji wa Semonkong, ambalo jina lake linamaanisha ''“mahali pa moshi”'', na mji huo pia umepewa jina kutokana na maporomoko hayo. Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye Mto Maletsunyane na [[maji]] yake huanguka kutoka kwenye ukingo wa miamba ya...'
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane|picha=Maletsunyanefalls.JPG}}
'''Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yenye urefu wa mita 192 yaliyopo nchini [[Lesotho]], kusini mwa Afrika.
Yanapatikana karibu na mji wa Semonkong, ambalo jina lake linamaanisha ''“mahali pa moshi”'', na mji huo pia umepewa jina kutokana na maporomoko hayo. Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye Mto Maletsunyane na [[maji]] yake huanguka kutoka kwenye ukingo wa miamba ya basalt iliyoundwa katika kipindi cha Triassic-Jurassic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maletsunyane Falls {{!}} Wondermondo|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Lesotho/Maseru/Maletsunyane.htm|work=www.wondermondo.com|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
Maji yanapoanguka kwenye bwawa lililo chini ya maporomoko hayo huzalisha mwangwi mkubwa unaosikika kwa mbali. Kulingana na simulizi za wenyeji, sauti hiyo hutokana na vilio vya watu waliowahi kuzama katika maporomoko hayo.
Mnamo Desemba 2017, kituo cha YouTube cha [[Australia]] kiitwacho How Ridiculous kilivunja rekodi ya dunia ya mpira wa kikapu uliorushwa kutoka sehemu ya juu zaidi duniani katika Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane. Rekodi hiyo ilidumu hadi Mei 2023, ilipovunjwa na kundi la Dude Perfect kwa mpira uliorushwa kutoka urefu wa futi 885 katika jengo la The Strat mjini Las Vegas, Marekani.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Dude Perfect' Breaks World Record For Highest Basketball Shot|url=https://sports.ksl.com/sports/instant-replay-dude-perfect-breaks-world-record-for-highest-basketball-shot/501536|work=KSL Sports|date=2023-05-21|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en-us|author=Kyle Ireland}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane ni miongoni mwa vivutio maarufu vya [[utalii]] nchini Lesotho kutokana na mandhari yake ya kuvutia na urefu wake mkubwa.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Lesotho]]
ez1gmv66n9v65oh1jm5c5wblmik0ad6
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane|picha=Maletsunyanefalls.JPG}}
'''Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yenye urefu wa mita 192 yaliyopo nchini [[Lesotho]], kusini mwa Afrika.
Yanapatikana karibu na mji wa Semonkong, ambalo jina lake linamaanisha ''“mahali pa moshi”'', na mji huo pia umepewa jina kutokana na maporomoko hayo. Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye Mto Maletsunyane na [[maji]] yake huanguka kutoka kwenye ukingo wa miamba ya basalt iliyoundwa katika kipindi cha Triassic-Jurassic.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Maletsunyane Falls {{!}} Wondermondo|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Lesotho/Maseru/Maletsunyane.htm|work=www.wondermondo.com|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
Maji yanapoanguka kwenye bwawa lililo chini ya maporomoko hayo huzalisha mwangwi mkubwa unaosikika kwa mbali. Kulingana na simulizi za wenyeji, sauti hiyo hutokana na vilio vya watu waliowahi kuzama katika maporomoko hayo.
Mnamo Desemba 2017, kituo cha YouTube cha [[Australia]] kiitwacho How Ridiculous kilivunja rekodi ya dunia ya mpira wa kikapu uliorushwa kutoka sehemu ya juu zaidi duniani katika Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane. Rekodi hiyo ilidumu hadi Mei 2023, ilipovunjwa na kundi la Dude Perfect kwa mpira uliorushwa kutoka urefu wa futi 885 katika jengo la The Strat mjini Las Vegas, Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title='Dude Perfect' Breaks World Record For Highest Basketball Shot|url=https://sports.ksl.com/sports/instant-replay-dude-perfect-breaks-world-record-for-highest-basketball-shot/501536|work=KSL Sports|date=2023-05-21|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en-us|author=Kyle Ireland}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane ni miongoni mwa vivutio maarufu vya [[utalii]] nchini Lesotho kutokana na mandhari yake ya kuvutia na urefu wake mkubwa.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Lesotho]]
ofpoyn52b4hcq681kwc7tspije6oenk
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Riccardo Riccioni
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane|picha=Maletsunyanefalls.JPG}}
'''Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yenye urefu wa mita 192 yaliyopo nchini [[Lesotho]], [[kusini mwa Afrika]].
Yanapatikana karibu na mji wa Semonkong, ambalo jina lake linamaanisha ''“mahali pa moshi”'', na mji huo pia umepewa jina kutokana na maporomoko hayo. Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye Mto Maletsunyane na [[maji]] yake huanguka kutoka kwenye ukingo wa miamba ya basalt iliyoundwa katika kipindi cha Triassic-Jurassic.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Maletsunyane Falls {{!}} Wondermondo|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/Lesotho/Maseru/Maletsunyane.htm|work=www.wondermondo.com|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
Maji yanapoanguka kwenye bwawa lililo chini ya maporomoko hayo huzalisha mwangwi mkubwa unaosikika kwa mbali. Kulingana na simulizi za wenyeji, sauti hiyo hutokana na vilio vya watu waliowahi kuzama katika maporomoko hayo.
Mnamo Desemba 2017, kituo cha YouTube cha [[Australia]] kiitwacho How Ridiculous kilivunja rekodi ya dunia ya mpira wa kikapu uliorushwa kutoka sehemu ya juu zaidi duniani katika Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane. Rekodi hiyo ilidumu hadi Mei 2023, ilipovunjwa na kundi la Dude Perfect kwa mpira uliorushwa kutoka urefu wa futi 885 katika jengo la The Strat mjini Las Vegas, Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title='Dude Perfect' Breaks World Record For Highest Basketball Shot|url=https://sports.ksl.com/sports/instant-replay-dude-perfect-breaks-world-record-for-highest-basketball-shot/501536|work=KSL Sports|date=2023-05-21|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en-us|author=Kyle Ireland}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Maletsunyane ni miongoni mwa vivutio maarufu vya [[utalii]] nchini Lesotho kutokana na mandhari yake ya kuvutia na urefu wake mkubwa.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Lesotho]]
aca5h93fss1vuuoim9moksi8krix2xy
Maporomoko ya Derna
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2026-06-19T02:53:52Z
Don Malya
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maporomoko ya Derna''' (Kiarabu: شلال درنة) ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji safi yaliyopo katika Milima ya Jebel Akhdar, kusini mwa [[mji]] wa Derna, katika eneo la Cyrenaica ya kaskazini mashariki mwa [[Libya]]. Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa takribani mita 20 (futi 70). Yapata umbali wa [[kilomita]] 7 kutoka katikati ya mji wa Derna, katika Wilaya ya Derna.<ref>{{Citation|last=Olorenshaw|first=Alex|title=Destruction of Derna: why was flooding so bad...'
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'''Maporomoko ya Derna''' (Kiarabu: شلال درنة) ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji safi yaliyopo katika Milima ya Jebel Akhdar, kusini mwa [[mji]] wa Derna, katika eneo la Cyrenaica ya kaskazini mashariki mwa [[Libya]].
Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa takribani mita 20 (futi 70). Yapata umbali wa [[kilomita]] 7 kutoka katikati ya mji wa Derna, katika Wilaya ya Derna.<ref>{{Citation|last=Olorenshaw|first=Alex|title=Destruction of Derna: why was flooding so bad in Libyan port city?|date=2023-09-14|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/14/destruction-derna-flooding-libya-port-city|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-06-19|last2=Ali|first2=Faisal|last3=Symons|first3=Harvey|last4=Swann|first4=Glenn}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Derna yapo kwenye kijito cha msimu kilicho upande wa kulia wa kingo za Derna, katika sehemu ambapo kijito hicho kinaungana na Derna. Kutokana na kutegemea maji ya msimu, kiwango cha maji katika maporomoko haya hubadilika kulingana na mvua zinazonyesha katika eneo hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Derna waterfalls|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search|work=OpenStreetMap|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
st2afx6r2t2c1uroq9gxl70e1a7e0qv
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Don Malya
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[[Faili:Derna waterfalls 1.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Derna]]
'''Maporomoko ya Derna''' (Kiarabu: شلال درنة) ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji safi yaliyopo katika Milima ya Jebel Akhdar, kusini mwa [[mji]] wa Derna, katika eneo la Cyrenaica ya kaskazini mashariki mwa [[Libya]].
Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa takribani mita 20 (futi 70). Yapata umbali wa [[kilomita]] 7 kutoka katikati ya mji wa Derna, katika Wilaya ya Derna.<ref>{{Citation|last=Olorenshaw|first=Alex|title=Destruction of Derna: why was flooding so bad in Libyan port city?|date=2023-09-14|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/14/destruction-derna-flooding-libya-port-city|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-06-19|last2=Ali|first2=Faisal|last3=Symons|first3=Harvey|last4=Swann|first4=Glenn}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Derna yapo kwenye kijito cha msimu kilicho upande wa kulia wa kingo za Derna, katika sehemu ambapo kijito hicho kinaungana na Derna. Kutokana na kutegemea maji ya msimu, kiwango cha maji katika maporomoko haya hubadilika kulingana na mvua zinazonyesha katika eneo hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Derna waterfalls|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search|work=OpenStreetMap|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
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[[Faili:Derna waterfalls 1.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Derna]]
'''Maporomoko ya Derna''' (Kiarabu: شلال درنة) ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji safi yaliyopo katika Milima ya Jebel Akhdar, kusini mwa [[mji]] wa Derna, katika eneo la Cyrenaica ya kaskazini mashariki mwa [[Libya]].
Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa takribani mita 20 (futi 70). Yapata umbali wa [[kilomita]] 7 kutoka katikati ya mji wa Derna, katika Wilaya ya Derna.<ref>{{Citation|last=Olorenshaw|first=Alex|title=Destruction of Derna: why was flooding so bad in Libyan port city?|date=2023-09-14|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/14/destruction-derna-flooding-libya-port-city|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-06-19|last2=Ali|first2=Faisal|last3=Symons|first3=Harvey|last4=Swann|first4=Glenn}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Derna yapo kwenye kijito cha msimu kilicho upande wa kulia wa kingo za Derna, katika sehemu ambapo kijito hicho kinaungana na Derna. Kutokana na kutegemea maji ya msimu, kiwango cha maji katika maporomoko haya hubadilika kulingana na mvua zinazonyesha katika eneo hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Derna waterfalls|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search|work=OpenStreetMap|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
rsl0j7affj2jjyqriue88dzdp61z6fw
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[[Faili:Derna waterfalls 1.jpg|thumb|Maporomoko ya Derna]]
'''Maporomoko ya Derna''' (Kiarabu: شلال درنة) ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] safi yaliyopo katika Milima ya Jebel Akhdar, kusini mwa [[mji]] wa Derna, katika eneo la Cyrenaica ya kaskazini mashariki mwa [[Libya]].
Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa takribani mita 20 (futi 70). Yapata umbali wa [[kilomita]] 7 kutoka katikati ya mji wa Derna, katika Wilaya ya Derna.<ref>{{Citation|last=Olorenshaw|first=Alex|title=Destruction of Derna: why was flooding so bad in Libyan port city?|date=2023-09-14|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/14/destruction-derna-flooding-libya-port-city|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2026-06-19|last2=Ali|first2=Faisal|last3=Symons|first3=Harvey|last4=Swann|first4=Glenn}}</ref>
Maporomoko ya Derna yapo kwenye kijito cha msimu kilicho upande wa kulia wa kingo za Derna, katika sehemu ambapo kijito hicho kinaungana na Derna. Kutokana na kutegemea maji ya msimu, kiwango cha maji katika maporomoko haya hubadilika kulingana na mvua zinazonyesha katika eneo hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Derna waterfalls|url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/search|work=OpenStreetMap|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}}
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Libya]]
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
6djve1l6beb7kfs3qqrkkq9z1box05u
Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka|picha=Ranomafana - Andriamamovoka falls.jpg}} '''Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyopo katikati mwa [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andriamamovoka Falls near Ranomafana in the Namorona river, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar {{!}} Boris Kester|url=https://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/ranomafana-national-park01.html|work=www.traveladventures.org|accessdate=2026-06-1...'
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka|picha=Ranomafana - Andriamamovoka falls.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyopo katikati mwa [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andriamamovoka Falls near Ranomafana in the Namorona river, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar {{!}} Boris Kester|url=https://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/ranomafana-national-park01.html|work=www.traveladventures.org|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Yapo kwenye [[Mto]] Namorona katika Mkoa wa Vatovavy, karibu na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ranomafana. Eneo hili linajulikana kwa misitu yake ya mvua, viumbe hai wa kipekee na mandhari ya asili inayovutia watalii.
Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka ni sehemu ya mfumo wa maji wa Mto Namorona na ni mojawapo ya vivutio vya [[asili]] vinavyopatikana karibu na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ranomafana.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka|picha=Ranomafana - Andriamamovoka falls.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yaliyopo katikati mwa [[Madagascar]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Andriamamovoka Falls near Ranomafana in the Namorona river, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar {{!}} Boris Kester|url=https://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/ranomafana-national-park01.html|work=www.traveladventures.org|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Yapo kwenye [[Mto]] Namorona katika Mkoa wa Vatovavy, karibu na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ranomafana. Eneo hili linajulikana kwa misitu yake ya mvua, viumbe hai wa kipekee na mandhari ya asili inayovutia watalii.
Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka ni sehemu ya mfumo wa maji wa Mto Namorona na ni mojawapo ya vivutio vya [[asili]] vinavyopatikana karibu na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ranomafana.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka|picha=Ranomafana - Andriamamovoka falls.jpg}}
'''Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyopo katikati mwa [[Madagaska]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Andriamamovoka Falls near Ranomafana in the Namorona river, Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar {{!}} Boris Kester|url=https://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/ranomafana-national-park01.html|work=www.traveladventures.org|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref>
Yapo kwenye [[Mto]] Namorona katika Mkoa wa Vatovavy, karibu na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ranomafana. Eneo hili linajulikana kwa misitu yake ya mvua, viumbe hai wa kipekee na mandhari ya asili inayovutia watalii.
Maporomoko ya Andriamamovoka ni sehemu ya mfumo wa maji wa Mto Namorona na ni mojawapo ya vivutio vya [[asili]] vinavyopatikana karibu na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Ranomafana.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
fivfdn60h6a27lq0n8dqsxox28u1gnm
Maporomoko ya Humbert
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Don Malya
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maporomoko ya Humbert''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo katika Hifadhi ya [[Taifa]] ya Marojejy kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Madagascar]]. Maporomoko haya yapo takribani [[mita]] 800 kutoka Kambi ya Mantella na kilomita 4.3 kutoka lango la kuingilia hifadhi hiyo. Yakiwa ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Marojejy, maporomoko ya Humbert ni sehemu ya [[mazingira]] ya asili yenye misitu ya [[mvua]] na viumbe hai wengi wa kipekee wanaopatikana nchini Madagasca...'
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'''Maporomoko ya Humbert''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo katika Hifadhi ya [[Taifa]] ya Marojejy kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yapo takribani [[mita]] 800 kutoka Kambi ya Mantella na kilomita 4.3 kutoka lango la kuingilia hifadhi hiyo.
Yakiwa ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Marojejy, maporomoko ya Humbert ni sehemu ya [[mazingira]] ya asili yenye misitu ya [[mvua]] na viumbe hai wengi wa kipekee wanaopatikana nchini Madagascar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Humbert Falls in Antsirabe|url=https://kaa.advisor.travel/poi/Humbert-Falls-18577|work=Advisor.Travel|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
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{{Mto|picha=CascadeHumbert.jpg|jina=Maporomoko ya Humbert}}
'''Maporomoko ya Humbert''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo katika Hifadhi ya [[Taifa]] ya Marojejy kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yapo takribani [[mita]] 800 kutoka Kambi ya Mantella na kilomita 4.3 kutoka lango la kuingilia hifadhi hiyo.
Yakiwa ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Marojejy, maporomoko ya Humbert ni sehemu ya [[mazingira]] ya asili yenye misitu ya [[mvua]] na viumbe hai wengi wa kipekee wanaopatikana nchini Madagascar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Humbert Falls in Antsirabe|url=https://kaa.advisor.travel/poi/Humbert-Falls-18577|work=Advisor.Travel|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
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{{Mto|picha=CascadeHumbert.jpg|jina=Maporomoko ya Humbert}}
'''Maporomoko ya Humbert''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo katika Hifadhi ya [[Taifa]] ya Marojejy kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yapo takribani [[mita]] 800 kutoka Kambi ya Mantella na kilomita 4.3 kutoka lango la kuingilia hifadhi hiyo.
Yakiwa ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Marojejy, maporomoko ya Humbert ni sehemu ya [[mazingira]] ya asili yenye misitu ya [[mvua]] na viumbe hai wengi wa kipekee wanaopatikana nchini Madagascar.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Humbert Falls in Antsirabe|url=https://kaa.advisor.travel/poi/Humbert-Falls-18577|work=Advisor.Travel|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
exk5rn63zbf4vd1kzyl7fs168z0nwuq
1574689
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2026-06-19T08:57:56Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
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{{Mto|picha=CascadeHumbert.jpg|jina=Maporomoko ya Humbert}}
'''Maporomoko ya Humbert''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyopo katika [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Marojejy]] kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[Madagaska]].
Maporomoko haya yapo takribani [[mita]] 800 kutoka Kambi ya Mantella na kilomita 4.3 kutoka lango la kuingilia hifadhi hiyo.
Yakiwa ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Marojejy, maporomoko ya Humbert ni sehemu ya [[mazingira]] ya asili yenye misitu ya [[mvua]] na viumbe hai wengi wa kipekee wanaopatikana nchini Madagascar.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Humbert Falls in Antsirabe|url=https://kaa.advisor.travel/poi/Humbert-Falls-18577|work=Advisor.Travel|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
4bw5kaq6at6zph9a7o5dkckbj1ja4vr
Maporomoko ya Mahamanina
0
241175
1574651
2026-06-19T03:16:20Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mahamanina|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|eneo=|mkondo=Mto Mirahavavyse|nchi=Ambanja, Diana, Madagascar}} '''Maporomoko ya Mahamanina''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yenye urefu wa mita 60 yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Diana kaskazini mwa [[Madagascar]]. Maporomoko haya yanapatikana takribani [[kilomita]] 15 kutoka mji wa Ambanja kupitia Barabara ya Taifa namba 6 (Route Nationale 6). Maporomoko mengine mawili ya maji pia yanapatikana...'
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mahamanina|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|eneo=|mkondo=Mto Mirahavavyse|nchi=Ambanja, Diana, Madagascar}}
'''Maporomoko ya Mahamanina''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yenye urefu wa mita 60 yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Diana kaskazini mwa [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yanapatikana takribani [[kilomita]] 15 kutoka mji wa Ambanja kupitia Barabara ya Taifa namba 6 (Route Nationale 6).
Maporomoko mengine mawili ya maji pia yanapatikana kwenye [[Mto]] Mirahavavyse, umbali wa kilomita 14 kwenye barabara inayoelekea Sambirano.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mahamanina Falls in Andelankaka|url=https://en.advisor.travel/poi/Mahamanina-Falls-18578|work=Advisor.Travel|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
f8pr73ey958jemf8092eun3ibwpwjdz
1574662
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2026-06-19T06:47:17Z
Gayle-Bot
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced.
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mahamanina|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|eneo=|mkondo=Mto Mirahavavyse|nchi=Ambanja, Diana, Madagascar}}
'''Maporomoko ya Mahamanina''' ni maporomoko ya [[maji]] yenye urefu wa mita 60 yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Diana kaskazini mwa [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yanapatikana takribani [[kilomita]] 15 kutoka mji wa Ambanja kupitia Barabara ya Taifa namba 6 (Route Nationale 6).
Maporomoko mengine mawili ya maji pia yanapatikana kwenye [[Mto]] Mirahavavyse, umbali wa kilomita 14 kwenye barabara inayoelekea Sambirano.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mahamanina Falls in Andelankaka|url=https://en.advisor.travel/poi/Mahamanina-Falls-18578|work=Advisor.Travel|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
s2x7eggkoo9hp8le7kngcn2s33x7vfx
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2026-06-19T08:58:50Z
Riccardo Riccioni
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mahamanina|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|eneo=|mkondo=Mto Mirahavavyse|nchi=Ambanja, Diana, Madagascar}}
'''Maporomoko ya Mahamanina''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yenye urefu wa mita 60 yaliyopo katika [[Diana (mkoa)|Mkoa wa Diana]] kaskazini mwa [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yanapatikana takribani [[kilomita]] 15 kutoka mji wa [[Ambanja]] kupitia Barabara ya Taifa namba 6 (Route Nationale 6).
Maporomoko mengine mawili ya maji pia yanapatikana kwenye [[Mto]] Mirahavavyse, umbali wa kilomita 14 kwenye barabara inayoelekea Sambirano.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mahamanina Falls in Andelankaka|url=https://en.advisor.travel/poi/Mahamanina-Falls-18578|work=Advisor.Travel|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
j4kt810kf0jg72x20t89xs6l7quyd3o
Maporomoko ya Mandraka
0
241176
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2026-06-19T03:22:23Z
Don Malya
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mandraka|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|urefu=Mita 30}} '''Maporomoko ya Mandraka''' ni kundi dogo la [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto]] Mandraka, takribani [[kilomita]] 65 kutoka mji wa Antananarivo, mji mkuu wa Madagascar. Jumla ya urefu wa maporomoko hayo ni takribani mita 30. Maporomoko ya Mandraka hutumika kama chanzo cha kuzalisha [[umeme]] wa maji kwa Bwawa la Mandraka. Tangu mwaka 1956, kituo cha kuzalisha...'
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mandraka|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|urefu=Mita 30}}
'''Maporomoko ya Mandraka''' ni kundi dogo la [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto]] Mandraka, takribani [[kilomita]] 65 kutoka mji wa Antananarivo, mji mkuu wa Madagascar.
Jumla ya urefu wa maporomoko hayo ni takribani mita 30.
Maporomoko ya Mandraka hutumika kama chanzo cha kuzalisha [[umeme]] wa maji kwa Bwawa la Mandraka. Tangu mwaka 1956, kituo cha kuzalisha umeme katika eneo hilo kimekuwa kikipokea maji kutoka [[Bwawa]] la Mantasoa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Discover the Majestic Mandraka Falls|url=https://evendo.com/locations/madagascar/mandrare-river/attraction/mandraka-falls|work=Evendo|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
oylaj3zj6ormcoc239mbcdy2ym4gg3l
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2026-06-19T06:47:37Z
Gayle-Bot
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced.
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mandraka|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|urefu=Mita 30}}
'''Maporomoko ya Mandraka''' ni kundi dogo la [[maporomoko]] ya maji yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto]] Mandraka, takribani [[kilomita]] 65 kutoka mji wa Antananarivo, mji mkuu wa Madagascar.
Jumla ya urefu wa maporomoko hayo ni takribani mita 30.
Maporomoko ya Mandraka hutumika kama chanzo cha kuzalisha [[umeme]] wa maji kwa Bwawa la Mandraka. Tangu mwaka 1956, kituo cha kuzalisha umeme katika eneo hilo kimekuwa kikipokea maji kutoka [[Bwawa]] la Mantasoa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Discover the Majestic Mandraka Falls|url=https://evendo.com/locations/madagascar/mandrare-river/attraction/mandraka-falls|work=Evendo|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
kf4vojonlk4e6e5cgclotjtbjyqoba6
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2026-06-19T08:59:39Z
Riccardo Riccioni
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{{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Mandraka|picha=Madagascar physical map.svg|urefu=Mita 30}}
'''Maporomoko ya Mandraka''' ni kundi dogo la [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyopo kwenye [[Mto Mandraka]], takribani [[kilomita]] 65 kutoka mji wa [[Antananarivo]], mji mkuu wa Madagaska.
Jumla ya urefu wa maporomoko hayo ni takribani mita 30.
Maporomoko ya Mandraka hutumika kama chanzo cha kuzalisha [[umeme]] wa maji kwa Bwawa la Mandraka. Tangu mwaka 1956, kituo cha kuzalisha umeme katika eneo hilo kimekuwa kikipokea maji kutoka [[Bwawa]] la Mantasoa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Discover the Majestic Mandraka Falls|url=https://evendo.com/locations/madagascar/mandrare-river/attraction/mandraka-falls|work=Evendo|accessdate=2026-06-19|language=en}}</ref>
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
hknhe6l1jvjc0027omdowpjz1suimkn
Maporomoko ya Maningory
0
241177
1574653
2026-06-19T04:13:56Z
Don Malya
61486
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Maporomoko ya Maningory''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yenye urefu wa mita 90 yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Analanjirofo nchini [[Madagascar]]. Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye [[Mto]] Maningory, takribani kilomita 20 kutoka mji wa Imerimandroso.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madagascar Guide|url=http://madagascar-guide.com/|work=madagascar-guide.com|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ni mojawapo ya vivutio vya [[asili]] katika eneo hilo na sehemu ya mfumo wa maji wa Mto Maningo...'
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'''Maporomoko ya Maningory''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yenye urefu wa mita 90 yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Analanjirofo nchini [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye [[Mto]] Maningory, takribani kilomita 20 kutoka mji wa Imerimandroso.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Madagascar Guide|url=http://madagascar-guide.com/|work=madagascar-guide.com|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ni mojawapo ya vivutio vya [[asili]] katika eneo hilo na sehemu ya mfumo wa maji wa Mto Maningory.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
9v3d7e9n52nvtjzux09l42rn0mcne6m
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Gayle-Bot
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#2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced.
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'''Maporomoko ya Maningory''' ni [[maporomoko]] ya maji yenye urefu wa mita 90 yaliyopo katika Mkoa wa Analanjirofo nchini [[Madagascar]].
Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye [[Mto]] Maningory, takribani kilomita 20 kutoka mji wa Imerimandroso.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Madagascar Guide|url=http://madagascar-guide.com/|work=madagascar-guide.com|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ni mojawapo ya vivutio vya [[asili]] katika eneo hilo na sehemu ya mfumo wa maji wa Mto Maningory.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Mbegu za jiografia ya Madagaska]]
h11q15nv67mn2psljkpfeyuwfkmwuyu
1574692
1574665
2026-06-19T09:00:24Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
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'''Maporomoko ya Maningory''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yenye urefu wa mita 90 yaliyopo katika [[Analanjirofo|Mkoa wa Analanjirofo]] nchini [[Madagaska]].
Maporomoko haya yapo kwenye [[Mto]] Maningory, takribani kilomita 20 kutoka mji wa Imerimandroso.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Madagascar Guide|url=http://madagascar-guide.com/|work=madagascar-guide.com|accessdate=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ni mojawapo ya vivutio vya [[asili]] katika eneo hilo na sehemu ya mfumo wa maji wa Mto Maningory.
== Marejeo ==
<references />
{{Mbegu-jio-Madagaska}}
[[Jamii:AWC 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Madagaska]]
[[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]]
i9s05pot5dq8meqzxmmxujupq39jygq
Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kutupalong
0
241178
1574670
2026-06-19T08:13:32Z
Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju
69361
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kutupalong''' ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi duniani inayopatikana Ukhia, nchini [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org |title=Kutupalong: The world's largest refugee settlement |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Bangladesh kupitia Kamishna wa Usaidizi na Urejesho wa Wakimbizi (RRRC) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wa...'
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kutupalong''' ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi duniani inayopatikana Ukhia, nchini [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org |title=Kutupalong: The world's largest refugee settlement |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Bangladesh kupitia Kamishna wa Usaidizi na Urejesho wa Wakimbizi (RRRC) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]) pamoja na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa.
Kambi hii inahifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 600,000 katika eneo lake kuu, lakini ikijumuishwa na maeneo mengine yanayoizunguka (Kutupalong RC Expansion Site), idadi ya wakazi inazidi watu 900,000, wengi wao wakiwa ni watu wa jamii ya [[Warohingya]] waliokimbia mateso na ukiukwaji mkubwa wa haki za binadamu nchini [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Bangladesh: Rohingya Refugee Crisis Overview |year=2020 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Kutupalong ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwaka 1992 kufuatia wimbi la kwanza la Warohingya takribani 250,000 waliokimbia operesheni za kijeshi za serikali ya Myanmar katika Jimbo la Rakhine. Mwanzo ilikuwa kambi ndogo iliyosajiliwa rasmi ikilinganishwa na makazi yasiyo rasmi yaliyochipuka pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
Mabadiliko makubwa yalizuka mnamo mwezi Agosti mwaka 2017, kufuatia kuanza kwa kile kilichotajwa na Umoja wa Mataifa kama "mauaji ya kimbari yenye lengo la kusafisha kabila" (ethnic cleansing) yaliyofanywa na jeshi la Myanmar dhidi ya Warohingya.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Warohingya ni akina nani na kwa nini wanajiriwa nchini Myanmar? |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2017-09-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ndani ya miezi michache tu, zaidi ya Warohingya 740,000 walivuka mpaka na kuingia Bangladesh, wengi wao wakielekea Kutupalong. Ili kukabiliana na hali hiyo, Serikali ya Bangladesh iliunganisha kambi kadhaa zilizokuwepo na maeneo mapya ya misitu na kutengeneza eneo kubwa lililopewa jina la "Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site."
== Demografia ==
Wakazi wa kambi ya Kutupalong ni Waislamu wa jamii ya Warohingya kutoka Myanmar. Jamii hii inazungumza lugha ya Kirohingya, ambayo ina mfanano wa karibu sana na lugha ya Kichittagong inayozungumzwa kusini mwa Bangladesh, jambo linalorahisisha mawasiliano ya msingi na wenyeji.
Demografia ya kambi hiyo ina idadi kubwa sana ya watoto na wanawake. Zaidi ya asilimia 50 ya wakazi wote wa kambi hiyo ni watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 18, wengi wao wakiwa wamezaliwa ndani ya kambi tangu mgogoro wa mwaka 2017 uanze, jambo linalotengeneza changamoto kubwa ya upatikanaji wa haki za msingi kama elimu.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=UNICEF |title=A Generation at Risk: Rohingya Refugee Children in Kutupalong |year=2022 |journal=UNICEF Humanitarian Reports}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kutokana na ukubwa wake, Kutupalong imekuwa kama mji mkubwa unaojitegemea ukiwa umegawanywa katika kambi ndogo ndogo zilizopewa namba (Camps 1 hadi 27).
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi nchini Bangladesh]]
[[Jamii:Warohingya]]
[[Jamii:Makazi makubwa ya watu duniani]]
qtdzptq0btkrvl4oy3gxgtlaf9m5tk4
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Riccardo Riccioni
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kutupalong''' ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya [[Mkimbizi|wakimbizi]] duniani inayopatikana Ukhia, nchini [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org |title=Kutupalong: The world's largest refugee settlement |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Bangladesh kupitia Kamishna wa Usaidizi na Urejesho wa Wakimbizi (RRRC) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]) pamoja na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa.
Kambi hii inahifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 600,000 katika eneo lake kuu, lakini ikijumuishwa na maeneo mengine yanayoizunguka (Kutupalong RC Expansion Site), idadi ya wakazi inazidi watu 900,000, wengi wao wakiwa ni watu wa jamii ya [[Warohingya]] waliokimbia mateso na ukiukwaji mkubwa wa haki za binadamu nchini [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Bangladesh: Rohingya Refugee Crisis Overview |year=2020 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Kutupalong ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwaka 1992 kufuatia wimbi la kwanza la Warohingya takribani 250,000 waliokimbia operesheni za kijeshi za serikali ya Myanmar katika Jimbo la Rakhine. Mwanzo ilikuwa kambi ndogo iliyosajiliwa rasmi ikilinganishwa na makazi yasiyo rasmi yaliyochipuka pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
Mabadiliko makubwa yalizuka mnamo mwezi Agosti mwaka 2017, kufuatia kuanza kwa kile kilichotajwa na Umoja wa Mataifa kama "mauaji ya kimbari yenye lengo la kusafisha kabila" (ethnic cleansing) yaliyofanywa na jeshi la Myanmar dhidi ya Warohingya.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Warohingya ni akina nani na kwa nini wanajiriwa nchini Myanmar? |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2017-09-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ndani ya miezi michache tu, zaidi ya Warohingya 740,000 walivuka mpaka na kuingia Bangladesh, wengi wao wakielekea Kutupalong. Ili kukabiliana na hali hiyo, Serikali ya Bangladesh iliunganisha kambi kadhaa zilizokuwepo na maeneo mapya ya misitu na kutengeneza eneo kubwa lililopewa jina la "Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site."
== Demografia ==
Wakazi wa kambi ya Kutupalong ni Waislamu wa jamii ya Warohingya kutoka Myanmar. Jamii hii inazungumza lugha ya Kirohingya, ambayo ina mfanano wa karibu sana na lugha ya Kichittagong inayozungumzwa kusini mwa Bangladesh, jambo linalorahisisha mawasiliano ya msingi na wenyeji.
Demografia ya kambi hiyo ina idadi kubwa sana ya watoto na wanawake. Zaidi ya asilimia 50 ya wakazi wote wa kambi hiyo ni watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 18, wengi wao wakiwa wamezaliwa ndani ya kambi tangu mgogoro wa mwaka 2017 uanze, jambo linalotengeneza changamoto kubwa ya upatikanaji wa haki za msingi kama elimu.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=UNICEF |title=A Generation at Risk: Rohingya Refugee Children in Kutupalong |year=2022 |journal=UNICEF Humanitarian Reports}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kutokana na ukubwa wake, Kutupalong imekuwa kama mji mkubwa unaojitegemea ukiwa umegawanywa katika kambi ndogo ndogo zilizopewa namba (Camps 1 hadi 27).
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:jiografia ya Bangladesh]]
c5vhzex21nhb3zsitqy014co8v7fqmd
1574718
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kutupalong''' ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya [[Mkimbizi|wakimbizi]] duniani inayopatikana Ukhia, nchini [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unhcr.org |title=Kutupalong: The world's largest refugee settlement |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Bangladesh kupitia Kamishna wa Usaidizi na Urejesho wa Wakimbizi (RRRC) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]) pamoja na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa.
Kambi hii inahifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 600,000 katika eneo lake kuu, lakini ikijumuishwa na maeneo mengine yanayoizunguka (Kutupalong RC Expansion Site), idadi ya wakazi inazidi watu 900,000, wengi wao wakiwa ni watu wa jamii ya [[Warohingya]] waliokimbia mateso na ukiukwaji mkubwa wa haki za binadamu nchini [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Bangladesh: Rohingya Refugee Crisis Overview |year=2020 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Kutupalong ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwaka 1992 kufuatia wimbi la kwanza la Warohingya takribani 250,000 waliokimbia operesheni za kijeshi za serikali ya Myanmar katika Jimbo la Rakhine. Mwanzo ilikuwa kambi ndogo iliyosajiliwa rasmi ikilinganishwa na makazi yasiyo rasmi yaliyochipuka pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
Mabadiliko makubwa yalizuka mnamo mwezi Agosti mwaka 2017, kufuatia kuanza kwa kile kilichotajwa na Umoja wa Mataifa kama "mauaji ya kimbari yenye lengo la kusafisha kabila" (ethnic cleansing) yaliyofanywa na jeshi la Myanmar dhidi ya Warohingya.<ref>{{Cite news |author=BBC Swahili |title=Warohingya ni akina nani na kwa nini wanajiriwa nchini Myanmar? |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2017-09-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ndani ya miezi michache tu, zaidi ya Warohingya 740,000 walivuka mpaka na kuingia Bangladesh, wengi wao wakielekea Kutupalong. Ili kukabiliana na hali hiyo, Serikali ya Bangladesh iliunganisha kambi kadhaa zilizokuwepo na maeneo mapya ya misitu na kutengeneza eneo kubwa lililopewa jina la "Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site."
== Demografia ==
Wakazi wa kambi ya Kutupalong ni Waislamu wa jamii ya Warohingya kutoka Myanmar. Jamii hii inazungumza lugha ya Kirohingya, ambayo ina mfanano wa karibu sana na lugha ya Kichittagong inayozungumzwa kusini mwa Bangladesh, jambo linalorahisisha mawasiliano ya msingi na wenyeji.
Demografia ya kambi hiyo ina idadi kubwa sana ya watoto na wanawake. Zaidi ya asilimia 50 ya wakazi wote wa kambi hiyo ni watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 18, wengi wao wakiwa wamezaliwa ndani ya kambi tangu mgogoro wa mwaka 2017 uanze, jambo linalotengeneza changamoto kubwa ya upatikanaji wa haki za msingi kama elimu.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=UNICEF |title=A Generation at Risk: Rohingya Refugee Children in Kutupalong |year=2022 |journal=UNICEF Humanitarian Reports}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kutokana na ukubwa wake, Kutupalong imekuwa kama mji mkubwa unaojitegemea ukiwa umegawanywa katika kambi ndogo ndogo zilizopewa namba (Camps 1 hadi 27).
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:jiografia ya Bangladesh]]
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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'''Kambi ya Wakimbizi ya Kutupalong''' ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya [[Mkimbizi|wakimbizi]] duniani inayopatikana Ukhia, nchini [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.unhcr.org |title=Kutupalong: The world's largest refugee settlement |publisher=UNHCR |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Kambi hii inasimamiwa na Serikali ya Bangladesh kupitia Kamishna wa Usaidizi na Urejesho wa Wakimbizi (RRRC) kwa ushirikiano wa karibu na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa linaloshughulikia Wakimbizi ([[UNHCR]]) pamoja na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa.
Kambi hii inahifadhi zaidi ya wakimbizi 600,000 katika eneo lake kuu, lakini ikijumuishwa na maeneo mengine yanayoizunguka (Kutupalong RC Expansion Site), idadi ya wakazi inazidi watu 900,000, wengi wao wakiwa ni watu wa jamii ya [[Warohingya]] waliokimbia mateso na ukiukwaji mkubwa wa haki za binadamu nchini [[Myanmar]].<ref>{{Cite report |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Bangladesh: Rohingya Refugee Crisis Overview |year=2020 |url=https://www.hrw.org |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref>
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Kutupalong ilianzishwa rasmi mnamo mwaka 1992 kufuatia wimbi la kwanza la Warohingya takribani 250,000 waliokimbia operesheni za kijeshi za serikali ya Myanmar katika Jimbo la Rakhine. Mwanzo ilikuwa kambi ndogo iliyosajiliwa rasmi ikilinganishwa na makazi yasiyo rasmi yaliyochipuka pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
Mabadiliko makubwa yalizuka mnamo mwezi Agosti mwaka 2017, kufuatia kuanza kwa kile kilichotajwa na Umoja wa Mataifa kama "mauaji ya kimbari yenye lengo la kusafisha kabila" (ethnic cleansing) yaliyofanywa na jeshi la Myanmar dhidi ya Warohingya.<ref>{{Rejea habari |author=BBC Swahili |title=Warohingya ni akina nani na kwa nini wanajiriwa nchini Myanmar? |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili |date=2017-09-05 |access-date=2026-06-19}}</ref> Ndani ya miezi michache tu, zaidi ya Warohingya 740,000 walivuka mpaka na kuingia Bangladesh, wengi wao wakielekea Kutupalong. Ili kukabiliana na hali hiyo, Serikali ya Bangladesh iliunganisha kambi kadhaa zilizokuwepo na maeneo mapya ya misitu na kutengeneza eneo kubwa lililopewa jina la "Kutupalong-Balukhali Expansion Site."
== Demografia ==
Wakazi wa kambi ya Kutupalong ni Waislamu wa jamii ya Warohingya kutoka Myanmar. Jamii hii inazungumza lugha ya Kirohingya, ambayo ina mfanano wa karibu sana na lugha ya Kichittagong inayozungumzwa kusini mwa Bangladesh, jambo linalorahisisha mawasiliano ya msingi na wenyeji.
Demografia ya kambi hiyo ina idadi kubwa sana ya watoto na wanawake. Zaidi ya asilimia 50 ya wakazi wote wa kambi hiyo ni watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 18, wengi wao wakiwa wamezaliwa ndani ya kambi tangu mgogoro wa mwaka 2017 uanze, jambo linalotengeneza changamoto kubwa ya upatikanaji wa haki za msingi kama elimu.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=UNICEF |title=A Generation at Risk: Rohingya Refugee Children in Kutupalong |year=2022 |journal=UNICEF Humanitarian Reports}}</ref>
== Miundombinu na Maisha ya Kambini ==
Kutokana na ukubwa wake, Kutupalong imekuwa kama mji mkubwa unaojitegemea ukiwa umegawanywa katika kambi ndogo ndogo zilizopewa namba (Camps 1 hadi 27).
== Marejeo ==
{{reflist}}
[[Jamii:jiografia ya Bangladesh]]
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:jiografia ya Tanzania]]'
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kambi ya Yarmouk''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم اليرموك) ni moja ya kambi kubwa jijini [[Damascus]], nchini [[Syria]], iliyotengwa mahususi kwa ajili ya wakimbizi wa Palestina. Ingawa kiutawala inatambuliwa kama kambi ya wakimbizi, Yarmouk imeendelea na kuwa wilaya yenye majengo ya ghorofa, shule, na hospitali, ikipatikana umbali wa kilomita 8 tu kutoka katikati ya jiji la Damascus. Hadi kufikia mwaka 2011, kambi hii ilikuwa ndiyo makazi makubwa...'
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'''Kambi ya Yarmouk''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم اليرموك) ni moja ya kambi kubwa jijini [[Damascus]], nchini [[Syria]], iliyotengwa mahususi kwa ajili ya wakimbizi wa Palestina. Ingawa kiutawala inatambuliwa kama kambi ya wakimbizi, Yarmouk imeendelea na kuwa wilaya yenye majengo ya ghorofa, shule, na hospitali, ikipatikana umbali wa kilomita 8 tu kutoka katikati ya jiji la Damascus.
Hadi kufikia mwaka 2011, kambi hii ilikuwa ndiyo makazi makubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini Syria, ikihifadhi zaidi ya watu 160,000 waliosajiliwa.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi hiyo ilianzishwa rasmi mwaka 1957 na Serikali ya Syria kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]). Madhumuni yake yalikuwa kuwapa makazi ya kudumu zaidi wakimbizi waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka katika ardhi zao wakati wa Vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Nakba'').
Tofauti na kambi nyingine za mahema, Yarmouk ilijengwa kwa saruji na matofali, na wakimbizi waliruhusiwa kufanya biashara, kumiliki nyumba, na kupata fursa za ajira sawa na raia wa Syria, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kitovu cha utamaduni na siasa za Wapalestina walioko uhamishoni.
== Athari za Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Syria ==
Kufuatia mlipuko wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Syria mnamo mwaka 2011, Yarmouk ikawa uwanja mkuu wa mapigano makali kati ya majeshi ya serikali, vikundi vya upinzani, na baadaye kikundi cha kigaidi cha ISIS mnamo mwaka 2015.
Kati ya mwaka 2012 na 2018, kambi hiyo ilizingirwa vibaya, hali iliyosababisha njaa kali, ukosefu wa maji safi, na huduma za matibabu. Maelfu ya wakimbizi walilazimika kukimbilia maeneo salama ndani ya Syria au kukimbilia nchi jirani kama [[Lebanon]] na mataifa ya [[Ulaya]]. Mnamo Mei 2018, Jeshi la Syria lilichukua udhibiti kamili wa kambi hiyo, baada ya sehemu kubwa ya miundombinu yake kuwa imesawazishwa na mabomu.
== Huduma za UNRWA ==
Kabla ya uharibifu wa vita, UNRWA ilikuwa ikiongoza huduma za kijamii kambini hapo kupitia:
* '''Elimu:''' Shule za msingi na sekondari zilizokuwa zikifanya kazi kwa zamu (double-shift).
* '''Afya:''' Vituo vya afya vikiwemo kliniki za mama na mtoto.
* '''Misaada ya Kijamii:''' Programu za kupunguza umaskini na kutoa mikopo midogo midogo (microfinance).
Kwa sasa, UNRWA kwa ushirikiano na mamlaka za ndani inafanya juhudi ndogo za ukarabati ili kuruhusu idadi ndogo ya familia zilizoanza kurejea kupata huduma za kimsingi.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[UNRWA]]
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
1. [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/yarmouk-official-camp UNRWA - Yarmouk Official Camp Profile], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
2. Reports on the Siege of Yarmouk (2014-2018), Amnesty International & Human Rights Watch.
[[Jamii:Wiki kwa ajili ya Wakimbizi 2026]]
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Syria]]
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Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya yarmouk]] hadi [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Yarmouk]]: usahihi wa jina
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'''Kambi ya Yarmouk''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم اليرموك) ni moja ya kambi kubwa jijini [[Damascus]], nchini [[Syria]], iliyotengwa mahususi kwa ajili ya wakimbizi wa Palestina. Ingawa kiutawala inatambuliwa kama kambi ya wakimbizi, Yarmouk imeendelea na kuwa wilaya yenye majengo ya ghorofa, shule, na hospitali, ikipatikana umbali wa kilomita 8 tu kutoka katikati ya jiji la Damascus.
Hadi kufikia mwaka 2011, kambi hii ilikuwa ndiyo makazi makubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini Syria, ikihifadhi zaidi ya watu 160,000 waliosajiliwa.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi hiyo ilianzishwa rasmi mwaka 1957 na Serikali ya Syria kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]). Madhumuni yake yalikuwa kuwapa makazi ya kudumu zaidi wakimbizi waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka katika ardhi zao wakati wa Vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Nakba'').
Tofauti na kambi nyingine za mahema, Yarmouk ilijengwa kwa saruji na matofali, na wakimbizi waliruhusiwa kufanya biashara, kumiliki nyumba, na kupata fursa za ajira sawa na raia wa Syria, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kitovu cha utamaduni na siasa za Wapalestina walioko uhamishoni.
== Athari za Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Syria ==
Kufuatia mlipuko wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Syria mnamo mwaka 2011, Yarmouk ikawa uwanja mkuu wa mapigano makali kati ya majeshi ya serikali, vikundi vya upinzani, na baadaye kikundi cha kigaidi cha ISIS mnamo mwaka 2015.
Kati ya mwaka 2012 na 2018, kambi hiyo ilizingirwa vibaya, hali iliyosababisha njaa kali, ukosefu wa maji safi, na huduma za matibabu. Maelfu ya wakimbizi walilazimika kukimbilia maeneo salama ndani ya Syria au kukimbilia nchi jirani kama [[Lebanon]] na mataifa ya [[Ulaya]]. Mnamo Mei 2018, Jeshi la Syria lilichukua udhibiti kamili wa kambi hiyo, baada ya sehemu kubwa ya miundombinu yake kuwa imesawazishwa na mabomu.
== Huduma za UNRWA ==
Kabla ya uharibifu wa vita, UNRWA ilikuwa ikiongoza huduma za kijamii kambini hapo kupitia:
* '''Elimu:''' Shule za msingi na sekondari zilizokuwa zikifanya kazi kwa zamu (double-shift).
* '''Afya:''' Vituo vya afya vikiwemo kliniki za mama na mtoto.
* '''Misaada ya Kijamii:''' Programu za kupunguza umaskini na kutoa mikopo midogo midogo (microfinance).
Kwa sasa, UNRWA kwa ushirikiano na mamlaka za ndani inafanya juhudi ndogo za ukarabati ili kuruhusu idadi ndogo ya familia zilizoanza kurejea kupata huduma za kimsingi.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[UNRWA]]
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
1. [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/yarmouk-official-camp UNRWA - Yarmouk Official Camp Profile], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
2. Reports on the Siege of Yarmouk (2014-2018), Amnesty International & Human Rights Watch.
[[Jamii:Wiki kwa ajili ya Wakimbizi 2026]]
[[Jamii:Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Syria]]
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'''Kambi ya Yarmouk''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم اليرموك) ni moja ya kambi kubwa jijini [[Damasko]], nchini [[Syria]], iliyotengwa mahususi kwa ajili ya wakimbizi wa Palestina. Ingawa kiutawala inatambuliwa kama kambi ya wakimbizi, Yarmouk imeendelea na kuwa wilaya yenye majengo ya ghorofa, shule, na hospitali, ikipatikana umbali wa kilomita 8 tu kutoka katikati ya jiji la Damasko.
Hadi kufikia mwaka 2011, kambi hii ilikuwa ndiyo makazi makubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini Syria, ikihifadhi zaidi ya watu 160,000 waliosajiliwa.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi hiyo ilianzishwa rasmi mwaka 1957 na Serikali ya Syria kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]). Madhumuni yake yalikuwa kuwapa makazi ya kudumu zaidi wakimbizi waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka katika ardhi zao wakati wa Vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Nakba'').
Tofauti na kambi nyingine za mahema, Yarmouk ilijengwa kwa saruji na matofali, na wakimbizi waliruhusiwa kufanya biashara, kumiliki nyumba, na kupata fursa za ajira sawa na raia wa Syria, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kitovu cha utamaduni na siasa za Wapalestina walioko uhamishoni.
== Athari za Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Syria ==
Kufuatia mlipuko wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Syria mnamo mwaka 2011, Yarmouk ikawa uwanja mkuu wa mapigano makali kati ya majeshi ya serikali, vikundi vya upinzani, na baadaye kikundi cha kigaidi cha ISIS mnamo mwaka 2015.
Kati ya mwaka 2012 na 2018, kambi hiyo ilizingirwa vibaya, hali iliyosababisha njaa kali, ukosefu wa maji safi, na huduma za matibabu. Maelfu ya wakimbizi walilazimika kukimbilia maeneo salama ndani ya Syria au kukimbilia nchi jirani kama [[Lebanon]] na mataifa ya [[Ulaya]]. Mnamo Mei 2018, Jeshi la Syria lilichukua udhibiti kamili wa kambi hiyo, baada ya sehemu kubwa ya miundombinu yake kuwa imesawazishwa na mabomu.
== Huduma za UNRWA ==
Kabla ya uharibifu wa vita, UNRWA ilikuwa ikiongoza huduma za kijamii kambini hapo kupitia:
* '''Elimu:''' Shule za msingi na sekondari zilizokuwa zikifanya kazi kwa zamu (double-shift).
* '''Afya:''' Vituo vya afya vikiwemo kliniki za mama na mtoto.
* '''Misaada ya Kijamii:''' Programu za kupunguza umaskini na kutoa mikopo midogo midogo (microfinance).
Kwa sasa, UNRWA kwa ushirikiano na mamlaka za ndani inafanya juhudi ndogo za ukarabati ili kuruhusu idadi ndogo ya familia zilizoanza kurejea kupata huduma za kimsingi.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[UNRWA]]
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
* [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/yarmouk-official-camp UNRWA - Yarmouk Official Camp Profile], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
* Reports on the Siege of Yarmouk (2014-2018), Amnesty International & Human Rights Watch.
[[Jamii:Wiki kwa ajili ya Wakimbizi 2026]]
[[Jamii:Historia ya Palestina]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Syria]]
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'''Kambi ya Yarmouk''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم اليرموك) ni moja ya kambi kubwa jijini [[Damasko]], nchini [[Syria]], iliyotengwa mahususi kwa ajili ya wakimbizi wa Palestina. Ingawa kiutawala inatambuliwa kama kambi ya wakimbizi, Yarmouk imeendelea na kuwa wilaya yenye majengo ya ghorofa, shule, na hospitali, ikipatikana umbali wa kilomita 8 tu kutoka katikati ya jiji la Damasko.
Hadi kufikia mwaka 2011, kambi hii ilikuwa ndiyo makazi makubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini Syria, ikihifadhi zaidi ya watu 160,000 waliosajiliwa.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi hiyo ilianzishwa rasmi mwaka 1957 na Serikali ya Syria kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]). Madhumuni yake yalikuwa kuwapa makazi ya kudumu zaidi wakimbizi waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka katika ardhi zao wakati wa Vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Nakba'').
Tofauti na kambi nyingine za mahema, Yarmouk ilijengwa kwa saruji na matofali, na wakimbizi waliruhusiwa kufanya biashara, kumiliki nyumba, na kupata fursa za ajira sawa na raia wa Syria, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kitovu cha utamaduni na siasa za Wapalestina walioko uhamishoni.
== Athari za Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Syria ==
Kufuatia mlipuko wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Syria mnamo mwaka 2011, Yarmouk ikawa uwanja mkuu wa mapigano makali kati ya majeshi ya serikali, vikundi vya upinzani, na baadaye kikundi cha kigaidi cha ISIS mnamo mwaka 2015.
Kati ya mwaka 2012 na 2018, kambi hiyo ilizingirwa vibaya, hali iliyosababisha njaa kali, ukosefu wa maji safi, na huduma za matibabu. Maelfu ya wakimbizi walilazimika kukimbilia maeneo salama ndani ya Syria au kukimbilia nchi jirani kama [[Lebanon]] na mataifa ya [[Ulaya]]. Mnamo Mei 2018, Jeshi la Syria lilichukua udhibiti kamili wa kambi hiyo, baada ya sehemu kubwa ya miundombinu yake kuwa imesawazishwa na mabomu.
== Huduma za UNRWA ==
Kabla ya uharibifu wa vita, UNRWA ilikuwa ikiongoza huduma za kijamii kambini hapo kupitia:
* '''Elimu:''' Shule za msingi na sekondari zilizokuwa zikifanya kazi kwa zamu (double-shift).
* '''Afya:''' Vituo vya afya vikiwemo kliniki za mama na mtoto.
* '''Misaada ya Kijamii:''' Programu za kupunguza umaskini na kutoa mikopo midogo midogo (microfinance).
Kwa sasa, UNRWA kwa ushirikiano na mamlaka za ndani inafanya juhudi ndogo za ukarabati ili kuruhusu idadi ndogo ya familia zilizoanza kurejea kupata huduma za kimsingi.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[UNRWA]]
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
* [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/yarmouk-official-camp UNRWA - Yarmouk Official Camp Profile], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
* Reports on the Siege of Yarmouk (2014-2018), Amnesty International & Human Rights Watch.
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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'''Kambi ya Yarmouk''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم اليرموك) ni moja ya kambi kubwa jijini [[Damasko]], nchini [[Syria]], iliyotengwa mahususi kwa ajili ya wakimbizi wa Palestina. Ingawa kiutawala inatambuliwa kama kambi ya wakimbizi, Yarmouk imeendelea na kuwa wilaya yenye majengo ya ghorofa, shule, na hospitali, ikipatikana umbali wa kilomita 8 tu kutoka katikati ya jiji la Damasko.
Hadi kufikia mwaka 2011, kambi hii ilikuwa ndiyo makazi makubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini Syria, ikihifadhi zaidi ya watu 160,000 waliosajiliwa.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi hiyo ilianzishwa rasmi mwaka 1957 na Serikali ya Syria kwa ushirikiano na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]). Madhumuni yake yalikuwa kuwapa makazi ya kudumu zaidi wakimbizi waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka katika ardhi zao wakati wa Vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Nakba'').
Tofauti na kambi nyingine za mahema, Yarmouk ilijengwa kwa saruji na matofali, na wakimbizi waliruhusiwa kufanya biashara, kumiliki nyumba, na kupata fursa za ajira sawa na raia wa Syria, jambo lililoifanya kuwa kitovu cha utamaduni na siasa za Wapalestina walioko uhamishoni.
== Athari za Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Syria ==
Kufuatia mlipuko wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Syria mnamo mwaka 2011, Yarmouk ikawa uwanja mkuu wa mapigano makali kati ya majeshi ya serikali, vikundi vya upinzani, na baadaye kikundi cha kigaidi cha ISIS mnamo mwaka 2015.
Kati ya mwaka 2012 na 2018, kambi hiyo ilizingirwa vibaya, hali iliyosababisha njaa kali, ukosefu wa maji safi, na huduma za matibabu. Maelfu ya wakimbizi walilazimika kukimbilia maeneo salama ndani ya Syria au kukimbilia nchi jirani kama [[Lebanon]] na mataifa ya [[Ulaya]]. Mnamo Mei 2018, Jeshi la Syria lilichukua udhibiti kamili wa kambi hiyo, baada ya sehemu kubwa ya miundombinu yake kuwa imesawazishwa na mabomu.
== Huduma za UNRWA ==
Kabla ya uharibifu wa vita, UNRWA ilikuwa ikiongoza huduma za kijamii kambini hapo kupitia:
* '''Elimu:''' Shule za msingi na sekondari zilizokuwa zikifanya kazi kwa zamu (double-shift).
* '''Afya:''' Vituo vya afya vikiwemo kliniki za mama na mtoto.
* '''Misaada ya Kijamii:''' Programu za kupunguza umaskini na kutoa mikopo midogo midogo (microfinance).
Kwa sasa, UNRWA kwa ushirikiano na mamlaka za ndani inafanya juhudi ndogo za ukarabati ili kuruhusu idadi ndogo ya familia zilizoanza kurejea kupata huduma za kimsingi.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[UNRWA]]
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
* [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/syria/yarmouk-official-camp UNRWA - Yarmouk Official Camp Profile], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
* Reports on the Siege of Yarmouk (2014-2018), Amnesty International & Human Rights Watch.
[[Jamii:Historia ya Palestina]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Syria]]
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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#REDIRECT [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Yarmouk]]
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#REDIRECT [[Maporomoko ya Kamalo]]
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{{Commonscat|Musicians from Mexico}}
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Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kambi ya Rafah''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم رفح au مخيم كندا) ni kambi ya Wakimbizi wa Palestina iliyopo katika mji wa [[Rafah]], kusini mwa Ukingo wa Gaza karibu na mpaka wa [[Misri]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa mwaka 1949 na ni miongoni mwa kambi nane za kihistoria zinazosimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]). Baada ya muda, kambi hii ilikua kwa kasi na kuungana na kuwa sehemu ya mji wa Rafah, i...'
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'''Kambi ya Rafah''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم رفح au مخيم كندا) ni kambi ya Wakimbizi wa Palestina iliyopo katika mji wa [[Rafah]], kusini mwa Ukingo wa Gaza karibu na mpaka wa [[Misri]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa mwaka 1949 na ni miongoni mwa kambi nane za kihistoria zinazosimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]).
Baada ya muda, kambi hii ilikua kwa kasi na kuungana na kuwa sehemu ya mji wa Rafah, ikawa moja ya maeneo yenye msongamano mkubwa zaidi wa watu duniani.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Rafah ilianzishwa mara baada ya vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 ili kuwapa hifadhi ya dharura maelfu ya Wapalestina waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka miji na vijiji vyao vilivyotekwa, hususan maeneo ya kusini mwa Palestina (kama vile Negev, Jaffa, na Ashkelon).
Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwake, kambi hii ilikuwa na maelfu ya mahema, ambayo baadaye katika miaka ya 1950 na 1960 yalibadilishwa na kuwa majengo madogo ya zege na tofali yaliyojengwa kwa usaidizi wa UNRWA.
== Mgawanyiko wa Kambi ya Canada ==
Kufuatia Mkataba wa Amani wa Camp David kati ya Misri na Israeli mwaka 1979, mpaka rasmi uliondolewa katikati ya mji wa Rafah. Hatua hii ilisababisha sehemu ya kambi hiyo, inayojulikana kama "Kambi ya Canada" (Canada Camp), kujikuta upande wa Misri (Rasi ya Sinai), wakati sehemu kubwa ikibaki upande wa Gaza.
Mamia ya familia za Kipalestina zilitenganishwa na kuishi chini ya mamlaka ya Misri hadi makubaliano ya baadaye yaliporuhusu baadhi yao kurejea upande wa Gaza katika vitongoji vipya kama vile Tel al-Sultan.
== Hali ya Miundombinu na Changamoto ==
Kambi ya Rafah inakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za kijamii na kiuchumi:
* '''Msongamano:''' Nyumba zimejengwa karibu sana na mara nyingi barabara ni nyembamba kiasi cha kutoingilika kwa urahisi na magari makubwa ya dharura.
* '''Maji na Usafi:''' Zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya maji ya chini ya ardhi katika eneo hili hayafai kwa matumizi ya binadamu kutokana na kuingiliwa na maji ya chumvi ya bahari na maji taka.
* '''Umaskini na Ajira:''' Kutokana na changamoto za muda mrefu za kiuchumi katika Ukingo wa Gaza, viwango vya ukosefu wa ajira kambini hapo ni vya juu sana, huku idadi kubwa ya wakazi wakitegemea kabisa misaada ya chakula ya UNRWA.
== Athari za Migogoro ya Kijeshi ==
Kwa sababu ya kambi hii kuwa karibu na mpaka wa Misri, imekuwa mstari wa mbele katika migogoro mingi kati ya vikosi vya Israeli na vikundi vya Kipalestina. Katika miaka ya mapema ya 2000 (wakati wa Intifada ya Pili), mamia ya nyumba za kambi hiyo zilibomolewa ili kujenga ukanda wa usalama wa kijeshi (Philadelphia Corridor).
Wakati wa vita vilivyofuata, pamoja na mapigano makali ya hivi karibuni, kambi ya Rafah ilishuhudia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi wa ndani kutoka kaskazini na katikati ya Gaza waliokimbilia kusini kutafuta usalama, jambo lililopelekea kuongezeka kwa mahema mapya ya dharura pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
1. [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/rafah-camp UNRWA Official Profile: Rafah Camp], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
2. B'Tselem - Reports on home demolitions in Rafah Refugee Camp.
3. Gaza Strip Camp Assessment Profiles, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
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'''Kambi ya Rafah''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم رفح au مخيم كندا) ni kambi ya Wakimbizi wa Palestina iliyopo katika mji wa [[Rafah]], kusini mwa Ukingo wa Gaza karibu na mpaka wa [[Misri]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa mwaka 1949 na ni miongoni mwa kambi nane za kihistoria zinazosimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]).
Baada ya muda, kambi hii ilikua kwa kasi na kuungana na kuwa sehemu ya mji wa Rafah, ikawa moja ya maeneo yenye msongamano mkubwa zaidi wa watu duniani.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Rafah ilianzishwa mara baada ya vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 ili kuwapa hifadhi ya dharura maelfu ya Wapalestina waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka miji na vijiji vyao vilivyotekwa, hususan maeneo ya kusini mwa Palestina (kama vile Negev, Jaffa, na Ashkelon).
Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwake, kambi hii ilikuwa na maelfu ya mahema, ambayo baadaye katika miaka ya 1950 na 1960 yalibadilishwa na kuwa majengo madogo ya zege na tofali yaliyojengwa kwa usaidizi wa UNRWA.
== Mgawanyiko wa Kambi ya Canada ==
Kufuatia Mkataba wa Amani wa Camp David kati ya Misri na Israeli mwaka 1979, mpaka rasmi uliondolewa katikati ya mji wa Rafah. Hatua hii ilisababisha sehemu ya kambi hiyo, inayojulikana kama "Kambi ya Canada" (Canada Camp), kujikuta upande wa Misri (Rasi ya Sinai), wakati sehemu kubwa ikibaki upande wa Gaza.
Mamia ya familia za Kipalestina zilitenganishwa na kuishi chini ya mamlaka ya Misri hadi makubaliano ya baadaye yaliporuhusu baadhi yao kurejea upande wa Gaza katika vitongoji vipya kama vile Tel al-Sultan.
== Hali ya Miundombinu na Changamoto ==
Kambi ya Rafah inakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za kijamii na kiuchumi:
* '''Msongamano:''' Nyumba zimejengwa karibu sana na mara nyingi barabara ni nyembamba kiasi cha kutoingilika kwa urahisi na magari makubwa ya dharura.
* '''Maji na Usafi:''' Zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya maji ya chini ya ardhi katika eneo hili hayafai kwa matumizi ya binadamu kutokana na kuingiliwa na maji ya chumvi ya bahari na maji taka.
* '''Umaskini na Ajira:''' Kutokana na changamoto za muda mrefu za kiuchumi katika Ukingo wa Gaza, viwango vya ukosefu wa ajira kambini hapo ni vya juu sana, huku idadi kubwa ya wakazi wakitegemea kabisa misaada ya chakula ya UNRWA.
== Athari za Migogoro ya Kijeshi ==
Kwa sababu ya kambi hii kuwa karibu na mpaka wa Misri, imekuwa mstari wa mbele katika migogoro mingi kati ya vikosi vya Israeli na vikundi vya Kipalestina. Katika miaka ya mapema ya 2000 (wakati wa Intifada ya Pili), mamia ya nyumba za kambi hiyo zilibomolewa ili kujenga ukanda wa usalama wa kijeshi (Philadelphia Corridor).
Wakati wa vita vilivyofuata, pamoja na mapigano makali ya hivi karibuni, kambi ya Rafah ilishuhudia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi wa ndani kutoka kaskazini na katikati ya Gaza waliokimbilia kusini kutafuta usalama, jambo lililopelekea kuongezeka kwa mahema mapya ya dharura pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
1. [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/rafah-camp UNRWA Official Profile: Rafah Camp], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
2. B'Tselem - Reports on home demolitions in Rafah Refugee Camp.
3. Gaza Strip Camp Assessment Profiles, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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'''Kambi ya Rafah''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم رفح au مخيم كندا) ni kambi ya Wakimbizi wa Palestina iliyopo katika mji wa [[Rafah]], kusini mwa Ukingo wa Gaza karibu na mpaka wa [[Misri]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa mwaka 1949 na ni miongoni mwa kambi nane za kihistoria zinazosimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]).
Baada ya muda, kambi hii ilikua kwa kasi na kuungana na kuwa sehemu ya mji wa Rafah, ikawa moja ya maeneo yenye msongamano mkubwa zaidi wa watu duniani.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Rafah ilianzishwa mara baada ya vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 ili kuwapa hifadhi ya dharura maelfu ya Wapalestina waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka miji na vijiji vyao vilivyotekwa, hususan maeneo ya kusini mwa Palestina (kama vile Negev, Jaffa, na Ashkelon).
Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwake, kambi hii ilikuwa na maelfu ya mahema, ambayo baadaye katika miaka ya 1950 na 1960 yalibadilishwa na kuwa majengo madogo ya zege na tofali yaliyojengwa kwa usaidizi wa UNRWA.
== Mgawanyiko wa Kambi ya Canada ==
Kufuatia Mkataba wa Amani wa Camp David kati ya Misri na Israeli mwaka 1979, mpaka rasmi uliondolewa katikati ya mji wa Rafah. Hatua hii ilisababisha sehemu ya kambi hiyo, inayojulikana kama "Kambi ya Canada" (Canada Camp), kujikuta upande wa Misri (Rasi ya Sinai), wakati sehemu kubwa ikibaki upande wa Gaza.
Mamia ya familia za Kipalestina zilitenganishwa na kuishi chini ya mamlaka ya Misri hadi makubaliano ya baadaye yaliporuhusu baadhi yao kurejea upande wa Gaza katika vitongoji vipya kama vile Tel al-Sultan.
== Hali ya Miundombinu na Changamoto ==
Kambi ya Rafah inakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za kijamii na kiuchumi:
* '''Msongamano:''' Nyumba zimejengwa karibu sana na mara nyingi barabara ni nyembamba kiasi cha kutoingilika kwa urahisi na magari makubwa ya dharura.
* '''Maji na Usafi:''' Zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya maji ya chini ya ardhi katika eneo hili hayafai kwa matumizi ya binadamu kutokana na kuingiliwa na maji ya chumvi ya bahari na maji taka.
* '''Umaskini na Ajira:''' Kutokana na changamoto za muda mrefu za kiuchumi katika Ukingo wa Gaza, viwango vya ukosefu wa ajira kambini hapo ni vya juu sana, huku idadi kubwa ya wakazi wakitegemea kabisa misaada ya chakula ya UNRWA.
== Athari za Migogoro ya Kijeshi ==
Kwa sababu ya kambi hii kuwa karibu na mpaka wa Misri, imekuwa mstari wa mbele katika migogoro mingi kati ya vikosi vya Israeli na vikundi vya Kipalestina. Katika miaka ya mapema ya 2000 (wakati wa Intifada ya Pili), mamia ya nyumba za kambi hiyo zilibomolewa ili kujenga ukanda wa usalama wa kijeshi (Philadelphia Corridor).
Wakati wa vita vilivyofuata, pamoja na mapigano makali ya hivi karibuni, kambi ya Rafah ilishuhudia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi wa ndani kutoka kaskazini na katikati ya Gaza waliokimbilia kusini kutafuta usalama, jambo lililopelekea kuongezeka kwa mahema mapya ya dharura pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
1. [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/rafah-camp UNRWA Official Profile: Rafah Camp], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
2. B'Tselem - Reports on home demolitions in Rafah Refugee Camp.
3. Gaza Strip Camp Assessment Profiles, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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'''Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Rafah''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم رفح au مخيم كندا) ni kambi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina iliyopo katika mji wa [[Rafah]], kusini mwa Ukingo wa Gaza karibu na mpaka wa [[Misri]]. Kambi hii ilianzishwa mwaka 1949 na ni miongoni mwa kambi nane za kihistoria zinazosimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]).
Baada ya muda, kambi hii ilikua kwa kasi na kuungana na kuwa sehemu ya mji wa Rafah, ikawa moja ya maeneo yenye msongamano mkubwa zaidi wa watu duniani.
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Kambi ya Rafah ilianzishwa mara baada ya vita vya waarabu na waisraeli vya 1948 ili kuwapa hifadhi ya dharura maelfu ya Wapalestina waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka miji na vijiji vyao vilivyotekwa, hususan maeneo ya kusini mwa Palestina (kama vile Negev, Jaffa, na Ashkelon).
Wakati wa kuanzishwa kwake, kambi hii ilikuwa na maelfu ya mahema, ambayo baadaye katika miaka ya 1950 na 1960 yalibadilishwa na kuwa majengo madogo ya zege na tofali yaliyojengwa kwa usaidizi wa UNRWA.
== Mgawanyiko wa Kambi ya Kanada ==
Kufuatia Mkataba wa Amani wa Camp David kati ya Misri na Israeli mwaka 1979, mpaka rasmi uliondolewa katikati ya mji wa Rafah. Hatua hii ilisababisha sehemu ya kambi hiyo, inayojulikana kama "Kambi ya Kanada" (Canada Camp), kujikuta upande wa Misri (Rasi ya Sinai), wakati sehemu kubwa ikibaki upande wa Gaza.
Mamia ya familia za Kipalestina zilitenganishwa na kuishi chini ya mamlaka ya Misri hadi makubaliano ya baadaye yaliporuhusu baadhi yao kurejea upande wa Gaza katika vitongoji vipya kama vile Tel al-Sultan.
== Hali ya Miundombinu na Changamoto ==
Kambi ya Rafah inakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa za kijamii na kiuchumi:
* '''Msongamano:''' Nyumba zimejengwa karibu sana na mara nyingi barabara ni nyembamba kiasi cha kutoingilika kwa urahisi na magari makubwa ya dharura.
* '''Maji na Usafi:''' Zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya maji ya chini ya ardhi katika eneo hili hayafai kwa matumizi ya binadamu kutokana na kuingiliwa na maji ya chumvi ya bahari na maji taka.
* '''Umaskini na Ajira:''' Kutokana na changamoto za muda mrefu za kiuchumi katika Ukingo wa Gaza, viwango vya ukosefu wa ajira kambini hapo ni vya juu sana, huku idadi kubwa ya wakazi wakitegemea kabisa misaada ya chakula ya UNRWA.
== Athari za Migogoro ya Kijeshi ==
Kwa sababu ya kambi hii kuwa karibu na mpaka wa Misri, imekuwa mstari wa mbele katika migogoro mingi kati ya vikosi vya Israeli na vikundi vya Kipalestina. Katika miaka ya mapema ya 2000 (wakati wa Intifada ya Pili), mamia ya nyumba za kambi hiyo zilibomolewa ili kujenga ukanda wa usalama wa kijeshi (Philadelphia Corridor).
Wakati wa vita vilivyofuata, pamoja na mapigano makali ya hivi karibuni, kambi ya Rafah ilishuhudia wimbi kubwa la wakimbizi wa ndani kutoka kaskazini na katikati ya Gaza waliokimbilia kusini kutafuta usalama, jambo lililopelekea kuongezeka kwa mahema mapya ya dharura pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo.
== Tazama Pia ==
* [[Kambi za wakimbizi wa Palestina]]
== Marejeo ==
* [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip/rafah-camp UNRWA Official Profile: Rafah Camp], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
* B'Tselem - Reports on home demolitions in Rafah Refugee Camp.
* Gaza Strip Camp Assessment Profiles, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
[[Jamii:historia ya Palestina]]
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
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[[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko|C]]
[[Jamii:Wachoraji nchi kwa nchi|Meksiko]]
brgaxnvdth951f6jtlml4b5he5eifid
Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Meksiko
14
241188
1574727
2026-06-19T09:46:58Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko|B]] [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia nchi kwa nchi|Meksiko]]'
1574727
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko|B]]
[[Jamii:Wanabiolojia nchi kwa nchi|Meksiko]]
aj850j96befr1j6utw335kdolcfbbkk
Kigezo:Wiki for Refugees
10
241189
1574728
2026-06-19T09:47:05Z
Said Mfaume
68307
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| style="font-size:90%; width: 65%; padding: 3px; margin: 0 auto;" class=toccolours |- | [[Picha:Flag of the United Nations.svg|40px| ]] |Makala hii kuhusu wakimbizi au masuala ya ukimbizi bado ni '''mbegu'''. <br> Je, unajua kitu kuhusu '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' kama historia yake, uenezi au maendeleo yake? <br />Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? <br />Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa [{{SERVER}...'
1574728
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{| style="font-size:90%; width: 65%; padding: 3px; margin: 0 auto;" class=toccolours
|-
| [[Picha:Flag of the United Nations.svg|40px| ]]
|Makala hii kuhusu wakimbizi au masuala ya ukimbizi bado ni '''mbegu'''. <br> Je, unajua kitu kuhusu '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' kama historia yake, uenezi au maendeleo yake? <br />Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? <br />Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa [{{SERVER}}/w/index.php?stub&title={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}&action=edit kuihariri na kuongeza habari]''.
|}[[Jamii:Mbegu za ukimbizi<noinclude>| </noinclude>]][[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026<noinclude>| </noinclude>]]<noinclude>
</noinclude><noinclude>
[[Jamii:Vigezo vya mbegu]]
</noinclude>
5leutcsukp3h06ij3btdd8bmffvspsx
1574730
1574728
2026-06-19T09:48:14Z
Said Mfaume
68307
1574730
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{| style="font-size:90%; width: 65%; padding: 3px; margin: 0 auto;" class=toccolours
|-
| [[Picha:Flag of the United Nations.svg|45px| ]]
|Makala hii kuhusu wakimbizi au masuala ya ukimbizi bado ni '''mbegu'''. <br> Je, unajua kitu kuhusu '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' kama historia yake, uenezi au maendeleo yake? <br />Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? <br />Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa [{{SERVER}}/w/index.php?stub&title={{FULLPAGENAMEE}}&action=edit kuihariri na kuongeza habari]''.
|}[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026<noinclude>| </noinclude>]]<noinclude>
</noinclude><noinclude>
[[Jamii:Vigezo vya mbegu]]
</noinclude>
5l6ruiv60qmkrbg37obq4a7yye9oo8c
Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Meksiko
14
241190
1574729
2026-06-19T09:47:53Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko|F]] [[Jamii:Wanafizikia nchi kwa nchi|Meksiko]]'
1574729
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Jamii:Watu wa Meksiko|F]]
[[Jamii:Wanafizikia nchi kwa nchi|Meksiko]]
9osu2wtf9xthxb8vxjuuj2him5h4svs
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Phlins Chen
3
241191
1574731
2026-06-19T09:48:19Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574731
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
6dwf47xfp4qpk7lh5jdk9kf40f5jl7x
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:River.discharge
3
241192
1574732
2026-06-19T09:48:29Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574732
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
6dwf47xfp4qpk7lh5jdk9kf40f5jl7x
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Xander has fun
3
241193
1574733
2026-06-19T09:48:39Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574733
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
6dwf47xfp4qpk7lh5jdk9kf40f5jl7x
Kigezo:WFR
10
241194
1574734
2026-06-19T09:48:46Z
Said Mfaume
68307
Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Kigezo:Wiki for Refugees]]
1574734
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#REDIRECT [[Kigezo:Wiki for Refugees]]
sy4zd401cv6yupfl2ebwspqptyj1yk5
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Minuspyre
3
241195
1574735
2026-06-19T09:48:49Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574735
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
6dwf47xfp4qpk7lh5jdk9kf40f5jl7x
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eisenstein Integer
3
241196
1574736
2026-06-19T09:48:59Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574736
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
6dwf47xfp4qpk7lh5jdk9kf40f5jl7x
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Godifrey evordy
3
241197
1574737
2026-06-19T09:49:09Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574737
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
duyli0yjbd6lfrqu9oxhmvt1it549an
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Shushan22
3
241198
1574738
2026-06-19T09:49:19Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574738
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
duyli0yjbd6lfrqu9oxhmvt1it549an
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Papagein
3
241199
1574739
2026-06-19T09:49:29Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574739
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
duyli0yjbd6lfrqu9oxhmvt1it549an
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ryanjameshanley
3
241200
1574740
2026-06-19T09:49:39Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574740
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
duyli0yjbd6lfrqu9oxhmvt1it549an
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jonas Thumbs
3
241201
1574741
2026-06-19T09:49:49Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574741
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
duyli0yjbd6lfrqu9oxhmvt1it549an
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bonny256
3
241202
1574742
2026-06-19T09:49:59Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574742
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
duyli0yjbd6lfrqu9oxhmvt1it549an
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Muhmdfhd
3
241203
1574743
2026-06-19T09:50:09Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574743
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
ktwkesia5y9a0gtahqdrhy7z5ku5z61
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Neme244
3
241204
1574744
2026-06-19T09:50:19Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574744
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
ktwkesia5y9a0gtahqdrhy7z5ku5z61
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AugustEquinox
3
241205
1574745
2026-06-19T09:50:29Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574745
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
ktwkesia5y9a0gtahqdrhy7z5ku5z61
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Artik tech solutions
3
241206
1574746
2026-06-19T09:50:39Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574746
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
ktwkesia5y9a0gtahqdrhy7z5ku5z61
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:OndiekiK
3
241207
1574747
2026-06-19T09:50:49Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574747
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
ktwkesia5y9a0gtahqdrhy7z5ku5z61
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Thorwald C. Franke
3
241208
1574748
2026-06-19T09:51:00Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574748
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
5votuk5rgayq16j6f5rxsb2ra129hls
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ŏm Junsik
3
241209
1574749
2026-06-19T09:51:09Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574749
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
5votuk5rgayq16j6f5rxsb2ra129hls
Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lauri Hommi
3
241210
1574750
2026-06-19T09:51:19Z
AmmarBot
81277
Karibu
1574750
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%">
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p>
Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine.
Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto.
Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br>
* [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]]
* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small>
* [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]]
Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi.
<big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big>
* usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]].
* usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo).
* usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]].
* usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja.
Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana!
<p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p>
We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]].
And, please:
* '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili)
* nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site!
* do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising.
* do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves.
As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems.
</div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 19 Juni 2026 (UTC)
5votuk5rgayq16j6f5rxsb2ra129hls
Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Baqa'a
0
241211
1574785
2026-06-19T10:31:38Z
Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju
69361
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kambi ya Baqa'a''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم البقعة) ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini [[Yordani]]. Kambi hii ipo umbali wa kilomita 20 kaskazini mwa mji mkuu [[Amman]], kando ya barabara kuu inayoelekea Irbid. Ni moja kati ya kambi sita za "dharura" zilizoanzishwa haraka kufuatia migogoro ya kikanda. Kambi hii inasifika kwa kuwa kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi nchini Yordani kwa upande wa idadi ya watu waliosajiliwa ikisimami...'
1574785
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Kambi ya Baqa'a''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم البقعة) ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini [[Yordani]]. Kambi hii ipo umbali wa kilomita 20 kaskazini mwa mji mkuu [[Amman]], kando ya barabara kuu inayoelekea Irbid. Ni moja kati ya kambi sita za "dharura" zilizoanzishwa haraka kufuatia migogoro ya kikanda.
Kambi hii inasifika kwa kuwa kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi nchini Yordani kwa upande wa idadi ya watu waliosajiliwa ikisimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]).
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Tofauti na kambi kongwe zilizoundwa mwaka 1949, Baqa'a ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1968 kufuatia [[Vita vya Siku Sita vya 1967]] (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Naksa''). Kambi hii ilitumiwa kuwahifadhi Wapalestina waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka [[Ukingo wa Magharibi]] na [[Ukingo wa Gaza]] wakati wa mashambulizi ya kijeshi ya Israeli.
Wakati inaanzishwa, kambi ilianza na mahema ya dharura 5,000 kwa ajili ya wakimbizi 26,000 katika eneo lenye ukubwa wa kilomita za mraba 1.4 tu. Kati ya mwaka 1969 na 1971, kwa sababu ya baridi kali na mvua za msimu, UNRWA ilibadilisha mahema hayo na kujenga makazi madogo 8,000 ya zege na bati kwa msaada wa michango ya kimataifa.
== Idadi ya Watu na Hali ya Maisha ==
Kwa miaka mingi, kambi hiyo imekua na kuwa mji mdogo wenye msongamano mkubwa sana wa majengo yaliyojengwa kwa saruji. Idadi ya wakazi waliosajiliwa rasmi inazidi watu 131,000, ingawa idadi halisi inayoishi ndani na pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo inakadiriwa kuwa kubwa zaidi.
Changamoto kuu zinazowakabili wakazi wa Baqa'a ni pamoja na:
* '''Umaskini na Ukosefu wa Ajira:''' Viwango vya umaskini vipo juu sana tofauti na maeneo mengine ya Yordani, na fursa za kiuchumi ni chache.
== Huduma za Kijamii ==
UNRWA inasimamia miundombinu mikubwa ya kijamii ndani ya kambi hiyo, ikijumuisha:
* '''Shule:''' UNRWA inaendesha shule takriban 16 hapo Baqa'a ili kutoa elimu ya msingi na sekondari kwa maelfu ya wanafunzi, huku shule nyingi zikilazimika kufanya kazi kwa zamu mbili (double-shift) kwa siku kwa sababu ya uhaba wa majengo.
* '''Afya:''' Kuna vituo viwili vikubwa vya afya vinavyotoa huduma za matibabu ya msingi, ikiwemo kliniki ya meno na huduma za afya ya uzazi.
* '''Usambazaji wa Misaada:''' Programu maalum za usaidizi kwa ajili ya familia maskini zaidi (Social Safety Net).
== Marejeo ==
1. [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/baqaa-camp UNRWA Official Profile: Baqa'a Refugee Camp], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
2. Achilli, L. (2015). *Palestinian Refugees in Jordan: Identity, Space and Integration in the Baqa'a Camp*.
3. Jordan Department of Palestinian Affairs (DPA) Annual Reports.
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Yordani]]
prik315kp8bcb2xomnd530w997n9wpp
1574788
1574785
2026-06-19T10:34:19Z
Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju
69361
Tumaini Mwenda Ruleju alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Rafah Camp]] hadi [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Baqa'a]]
1574785
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Kambi ya Baqa'a''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم البقعة) ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini [[Yordani]]. Kambi hii ipo umbali wa kilomita 20 kaskazini mwa mji mkuu [[Amman]], kando ya barabara kuu inayoelekea Irbid. Ni moja kati ya kambi sita za "dharura" zilizoanzishwa haraka kufuatia migogoro ya kikanda.
Kambi hii inasifika kwa kuwa kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi nchini Yordani kwa upande wa idadi ya watu waliosajiliwa ikisimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]).
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Tofauti na kambi kongwe zilizoundwa mwaka 1949, Baqa'a ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1968 kufuatia [[Vita vya Siku Sita vya 1967]] (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Naksa''). Kambi hii ilitumiwa kuwahifadhi Wapalestina waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka [[Ukingo wa Magharibi]] na [[Ukingo wa Gaza]] wakati wa mashambulizi ya kijeshi ya Israeli.
Wakati inaanzishwa, kambi ilianza na mahema ya dharura 5,000 kwa ajili ya wakimbizi 26,000 katika eneo lenye ukubwa wa kilomita za mraba 1.4 tu. Kati ya mwaka 1969 na 1971, kwa sababu ya baridi kali na mvua za msimu, UNRWA ilibadilisha mahema hayo na kujenga makazi madogo 8,000 ya zege na bati kwa msaada wa michango ya kimataifa.
== Idadi ya Watu na Hali ya Maisha ==
Kwa miaka mingi, kambi hiyo imekua na kuwa mji mdogo wenye msongamano mkubwa sana wa majengo yaliyojengwa kwa saruji. Idadi ya wakazi waliosajiliwa rasmi inazidi watu 131,000, ingawa idadi halisi inayoishi ndani na pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo inakadiriwa kuwa kubwa zaidi.
Changamoto kuu zinazowakabili wakazi wa Baqa'a ni pamoja na:
* '''Umaskini na Ukosefu wa Ajira:''' Viwango vya umaskini vipo juu sana tofauti na maeneo mengine ya Yordani, na fursa za kiuchumi ni chache.
== Huduma za Kijamii ==
UNRWA inasimamia miundombinu mikubwa ya kijamii ndani ya kambi hiyo, ikijumuisha:
* '''Shule:''' UNRWA inaendesha shule takriban 16 hapo Baqa'a ili kutoa elimu ya msingi na sekondari kwa maelfu ya wanafunzi, huku shule nyingi zikilazimika kufanya kazi kwa zamu mbili (double-shift) kwa siku kwa sababu ya uhaba wa majengo.
* '''Afya:''' Kuna vituo viwili vikubwa vya afya vinavyotoa huduma za matibabu ya msingi, ikiwemo kliniki ya meno na huduma za afya ya uzazi.
* '''Usambazaji wa Misaada:''' Programu maalum za usaidizi kwa ajili ya familia maskini zaidi (Social Safety Net).
== Marejeo ==
1. [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/baqaa-camp UNRWA Official Profile: Baqa'a Refugee Camp], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
2. Achilli, L. (2015). *Palestinian Refugees in Jordan: Identity, Space and Integration in the Baqa'a Camp*.
3. Jordan Department of Palestinian Affairs (DPA) Annual Reports.
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Yordani]]
prik315kp8bcb2xomnd530w997n9wpp
1574833
1574788
2026-06-19T11:12:20Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
1574833
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Baqa'a''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: مخيم البقعة) ni kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi wa Palestina nchini [[Yordani]]. Kambi hii ipo umbali wa kilomita 20 kaskazini mwa mji mkuu [[Amman]], kando ya barabara kuu inayoelekea Irbid. Ni moja kati ya kambi sita za "dharura" zilizoanzishwa haraka kufuatia migogoro ya kikanda.
Kambi hii inasifika kwa kuwa kambi kubwa zaidi ya wakimbizi nchini Yordani kwa upande wa idadi ya watu waliosajiliwa ikisimamiwa na Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Kuhudumia Wakimbizi wa Palestina ([[UNRWA]]).
== Historia na Kuanzishwa ==
Tofauti na kambi kongwe zilizoundwa mwaka 1949, Baqa'a ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1968 kufuatia [[Vita vya Siku Sita vya 1967]] (tukio linalojulikana kama ''Naksa''). Kambi hii ilitumiwa kuwahifadhi Wapalestina waliokimbia au kufukuzwa kutoka [[Ukingo wa Magharibi]] na [[Ukingo wa Gaza]] wakati wa mashambulizi ya kijeshi ya Israeli.
Wakati inaanzishwa, kambi ilianza na mahema ya dharura 5,000 kwa ajili ya wakimbizi 26,000 katika eneo lenye ukubwa wa kilomita za mraba 1.4 tu. Kati ya mwaka 1969 na 1971, kwa sababu ya baridi kali na mvua za msimu, UNRWA ilibadilisha mahema hayo na kujenga makazi madogo 8,000 ya zege na bati kwa msaada wa michango ya kimataifa.
== Idadi ya Watu na Hali ya Maisha ==
Kwa miaka mingi, kambi hiyo imekua na kuwa mji mdogo wenye msongamano mkubwa sana wa majengo yaliyojengwa kwa saruji. Idadi ya wakazi waliosajiliwa rasmi inazidi watu 131,000, ingawa idadi halisi inayoishi ndani na pembezoni mwa kambi hiyo inakadiriwa kuwa kubwa zaidi.
Changamoto kuu zinazowakabili wakazi wa Baqa'a ni pamoja na:
* '''Umaskini na Ukosefu wa Ajira:''' Viwango vya umaskini vipo juu sana tofauti na maeneo mengine ya Yordani, na fursa za kiuchumi ni chache.
== Huduma za Kijamii ==
UNRWA inasimamia miundombinu mikubwa ya kijamii ndani ya kambi hiyo, ikijumuisha:
* '''Shule:''' UNRWA inaendesha shule takriban 16 hapo Baqa'a ili kutoa elimu ya msingi na sekondari kwa maelfu ya wanafunzi, huku shule nyingi zikilazimika kufanya kazi kwa zamu mbili (double-shift) kwa siku kwa sababu ya uhaba wa majengo.
* '''Afya:''' Kuna vituo viwili vikubwa vya afya vinavyotoa huduma za matibabu ya msingi, ikiwemo kliniki ya meno na huduma za afya ya uzazi.
* '''Usambazaji wa Misaada:''' Programu maalum za usaidizi kwa ajili ya familia maskini zaidi (Social Safety Net).
== Marejeo ==
* [https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/jordan/baqaa-camp UNRWA Official Profile: Baqa'a Refugee Camp], ilitazamwa Juni 2026.
* Achilli, L. (2015). *Palestinian Refugees in Jordan: Identity, Space and Integration in the Baqa'a Camp*.
* Jordan Department of Palestinian Affairs (DPA) Annual Reports.
[[Jamii:Wiki for Refugees 2026]]
[[Jamii:Jiografia ya Yordani]]
[[Jamii:historia ya Palestina]]
fdacxbb0as45xw422gttsp3ssi6mucu
Jamii:Waliofariki 1138
14
241213
1574791
2026-06-19T10:35:40Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 12]] [[Jamii:1138]]'
1574791
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 12]]
[[Jamii:1138]]
ssam8mg5ynd2gyo2zk9nu6d3j9f3c02
Jamii:Waliofariki 976
14
241214
1574792
2026-06-19T10:36:24Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 10]] [[Jamii:976]]'
1574792
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Jamii:waliofariki karne ya 10]]
[[Jamii:976]]
k801enondvd7e1kqfbf6mzk0d8jfo9p
Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27
10
241215
1574809
2026-06-19T10:50:24Z
Justine Msechu
45962
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Portal navigation | portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 | portalicon = | headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20; | wrc = no | themecolor = #2D9B68 | active = {{{active|}}} | tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Monthly Edit-thon 2026-27 in Tanzania/Session 1|{{uc:Monthly Edit-thon}}]] | icon1 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]] | tab2 = Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikiHealth 2026-27 in Tan...'
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Portal navigation
| portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27
| portalicon =
| headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20;
| wrc = no
| themecolor = #2D9B68
| active = {{{active|}}}
| tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Monthly Edit-thon 2026-27 in Tanzania/Session 1|{{uc:Monthly Edit-thon}}]]
| icon1 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikiHealth 2026-27 in Tanzania/Event 1|{{uc:WikiHealth}}]]
| icon2 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimalkia 2026-27 in Tanzania/Session 1|{{uc:Wikimalkia}}]]
| icon3 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab4 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania/Event 1|{{uc:Let's Connect}}]]
| icon4 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab5 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Error and Fix Campaign 2026-27 in Tanzania/Event 1|{{uc:Error and Fix Campaign}}]]
| icon5 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab6 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania/Activity 1|{{uc:Kiwix for Schools}}]]
| icon6 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab7 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania/Event 1|{{uc:Community Gathering}}]]
| icon7 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab8 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Conference Participation 2026-27 in Tanzania/Participant Slot 1|{{uc:Conference Participation}}]]
| icon8 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab9 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27 in Tanzania/Event 1|{{uc:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania}}]]
| icon9 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
}}
s96mw8m9y1nm98qeox31dfxo982kncd
1574832
1574809
2026-06-19T11:07:42Z
Justine Msechu
45962
1574832
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Portal navigation
| portalname = Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27
| portalicon =
| headerstyle = border-bottom:solid 0.15em #11689B; padding-center:0.1em; color:#231F20;
| wrc = no
| themecolor = #2D9B68
| active = {{{active|}}}
| tab1 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Monthly Edit-thon 2026-27 in Tanzania|{{uc:Monthly Edit-thon}}]]
| icon1 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab2 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikiHealth 2026-27 in Tanzania|{{uc:WikiHealth}}]]
| icon2 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab3 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikimalkia 2026-27 in Tanzania|{{uc:Wikimalkia}}]]
| icon3 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab4 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|{{uc:Let's Connect}}]]
| icon4 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab5 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Error and Fix Campaign 2026-27 in Tanzania|{{uc:Error and Fix Campaign}}]]
| icon5 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab6 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|{{uc:Kiwix for Schools}}]]
| icon6 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab7 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|{{uc:Community Gathering}}]]
| icon7 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab8 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|{{uc:Conference Participation}}]]
| icon8 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
| tab9 = [[Special:MyLanguage/Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|{{uc:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania}}]]
| icon9 = [[File:Community group icon.svg|26px]]
}}
ebecd9ba6tbhk4y8pomcve21bymduqd
Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities
0
241216
1574823
2026-06-19T11:01:19Z
Justine Msechu
45962
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}} == Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities == '''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi. === Orodha ya Mipango === {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Mpango !Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka...'
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{{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}}
== Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities ==
'''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi.
=== Orodha ya Mipango ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Na.
!Mpango
!Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka
!Maelezo
|-
|1
|[[Event:Monthly Edit-thon 2026-27 in Tanzania|Monthly Edit-thon]]
|5
|Hii ni shughuli yetu ya kawaida inayolenga kuimarisha uzoefu na ujuzi wa wahariri katika kuchangia miradi ya Wikimedia.
|-
|2
|[[Event:WikiHealth 2026-27 in Tanzania|WikiHealth]]
|2
|Huu ni mpango mpya unaolenga kuboresha maudhui yanayohusiana na afya.
|-
|3
|[[Event:Wikimalkia 2026-27 in Tanzania|Wikimalkia]]
|5
|Mpango huu ulizinduliwa mwaka jana kuweka nafasi maalum kwa wanawake ndani ya jamii yetu, ili kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.
|-
|4
|[[Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|Let's Connect]]
|2
|Mwaka huu, mpango utatekelezwa kwa mtazamo tofauti ukilinganisha na miaka miwili iliyopita, ukijielekeza zaidi katika ujenzi wa uwezo wa ndani.
|-
|5
|[[Event:Error and Fix Campaign 2026-27 in Tanzania|Error and Fix Campaign]]
|4
|Mpango huu unalenga kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa katika makala zilizopo.
|-
|6
|[[Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|Kiwix for Schools]]
|10
|Wikipedia kama rasilimali ya kitaaluma inayoaminika, mpango huu unatoa upatikanaji wa Wikipedia bila mtandao kwa shule.
|-
|7
|[[Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|Community Gathering]]
|1
|Tukio hili la mwaka linalenga kuimarisha mahusiano na umoja ndani ya jamii ya Wikimedia Kilimanjaro.
|-
|8
|[[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|Conference Participation]]
|Ripoti ya ushiriki
|Taarifa ya watakaopata nafasi ya luhudhuria milkutano ya kimataifa ya Wikimedia kama WikiIndaba au Wikimania.
|-
|9
|[[Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|Feminism and Folklore Tanzania]]
|1
|Kampeni ya kuandika historia za kijinsia na hadithi za asili za Kitanzania, ikijumuisha edit-a-thons, Upigaji picha, na shughuli za uandishi, ikishirikisha wanawake.
|}
i0xuiau2ukfjlsog07kshdznvqggztl
1574825
1574823
2026-06-19T11:02:09Z
Justine Msechu
45962
1574825
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Kigezo:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27}}
== Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27 GSF Activities ==
'''Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro''' inawasilisha mipango na shughuli za mwaka 2026–27 chini ya General Support Fund (GSF). Ukurasa huu ni kituo kikuu cha kupata taarifa za mipango yote ya Wikimedia community kilimanjaro, ratiba zake, na matukio binafsi.
=== Orodha ya Mipango ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Na.
!Mpango
!Idadi ya matukio kwa mwaka
!Maelezo
|-
|1
|[[Event:Monthly Edit-thon 2026-27 in Tanzania|Monthly Edit-thon]]
|5
|Hii ni shughuli yetu ya kawaida inayolenga kuimarisha uzoefu na ujuzi wa wahariri katika kuchangia miradi ya Wikimedia.
|-
|2
|[[Event:WikiHealth 2026-27 in Tanzania|WikiHealth]]
|2
|Huu ni mpango mpya unaolenga kuboresha maudhui yanayohusiana na afya.
|-
|3
|[[Event:Wikimalkia 2026-27 in Tanzania|Wikimalkia]]
|5
|Mpango huu ulizinduliwa mwaka jana kuweka nafasi maalum kwa wanawake ndani ya jamii yetu, ili kupunguza pengo la kijinsia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.
|-
|4
|[[Event:Let's Connect 2026-27 in Tanzania|Let's Connect]]
|2
|Mwaka huu, mpango utatekelezwa kwa mtazamo tofauti ukilinganisha na miaka miwili iliyopita, ukijielekeza zaidi katika ujenzi wa uwezo wa ndani.
|-
|5
|[[Event:Error and Fix Campaign 2026-27 in Tanzania|Error and Fix Campaign]]
|4
|Mpango huu unalenga kuboresha ubora na uaminifu wa maudhui ya Wikipedia kwa kutambua na kurekebisha makosa katika makala zilizopo.
|-
|6
|[[Event:Kiwix for Schools 2026-27 in Tanzania|Kiwix for Schools]]
|10
|Wikipedia kama rasilimali ya kitaaluma inayoaminika, mpango huu unatoa upatikanaji wa Wikipedia bila mtandao kwa shule.
|-
|7
|[[Event:Community Gathering 2026-27 in Tanzania|Community Gathering]]
|1
|Tukio hili la mwaka linalenga kuimarisha mahusiano na umoja ndani ya jamii ya Wikimedia Kilimanjaro.
|-
|8
|[[Wikipedia:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27/Conference Participation|Conference Participation]]
|Ripoti ya ushiriki
|Taarifa ya watakaopata nafasi ya luhudhuria milkutano ya kimataifa ya Wikimedia kama WikiIndaba au Wikimania.
|-
|9
|[[Event:Feminism and Folklore Tanzania 2026-27|Feminism and Folklore Tanzania]]
|1
|Kampeni ya kuandika historia za kijinsia na hadithi za asili za Kitanzania, ikijumuisha edit-a-thons, Upigaji picha, na shughuli za uandishi, ikishirikisha wanawake.
|}
[[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]]
nwji6r8zf0mludtosst2ohtxmk42n8z
Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27
14
241217
1574827
2026-06-19T11:02:35Z
Justine Msechu
45962
Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]]'
1574827
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Jamii:Wikimedia Community Kilimanjaro 2026-27]]
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Kambi ya wakimbizi ya rafah
0
241218
1574829
2026-06-19T11:04:52Z
Riccardo Riccioni
452
Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya rafah]] hadi [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Rafah]]: usahihi wa jina
1574829
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#REDIRECT [[Kambi ya wakimbizi ya Rafah]]
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