Raiva

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    <title>Raiva</title>
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      <text bytes="23854" sha1="3ji3fcnhe4urrsl9d5b06s6183tcc7f" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Rabid_dog.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Asu ne'ebé maka moras ho paralizia no salivasaun]]

'''Raiva''' ka '''Rabies''' maka moras infesioza aguda ida ne'ebé kauza hosi vírus raiva/rabies, ne'ebé kauza estragu fatal iha kakutak iha animál sira ho raan-manas no normalmente transmite hosi pelumenus animál ida ne'ebé maka moras.

Maioria animál mamíferu sira no espésie manu barak bele hetan infesaun ho vírus rabies. Raposa, asu, busa, morsa, furu, texu, rakun no asu-fuik sira maka portadór klásiku sira moras-asu nian to'o moras ne'e halakon iha [[Europa]]. Iha Europa nia liur, espésie sira seluk konsidera hanesan vetor importante sira; porezemplu, iha Índia, asu lakon sira maka fonte prinsipál ba infesaun.

Tuir estimativa OMS nian iha tinan 2018, ema na'in 59,000 maka mate tanba moras-raiva/rabies kada tinan, ne'ebé maka na'in 60 % iha [[Ázia]] no 36 % iha [[Áfrika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;whorabiesreport2005&quot;&gt;[[World Health Organisation]]: [https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272364/9789241210218-eng.pdf ''WHO Technical Report Series 1012, WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies (Geneva), Third Report''], 2018&lt;/ref&gt; Índia maka nasaun ho mate barak liu tanba moras rabies, nia iha 35 % husi kazu hotu-hotu iha mundu tomak.&lt;ref name=&quot;DOI10.1371/journal.pntd.0003709&quot;&gt;K. Hampson, L. Coudeville, T. Lembo, M. Sambo, A. Kieffer, M. Attlan, J. Barrat, J. D. Blanton, D. J. Briggs, S. Cleaveland, P. Costa, C. M. Freuling, E. Hiby, L. Knopf, F. Leanes, F. X. Meslin, A. Metlin, M. E. Miranda, T. Müller, L. H. Nel, S. Recuenco, C. E. Rupprecht, C. Schumacher, L. Taylor, M. A. Vigilato, J. Zinsstag, J. Dushoff; Global Alliance for Rabies Control Partners for Rabies Prevention: ''Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies.'' In: ''PLoS Negl Trop Dis.'' Band 9, Nr. 4, 16. Apr 2015, S. e0003709. [[doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003709]]&lt;/ref&gt; Iha mundu tomak, ema liu millaun 15 maka hetan vasinasaun tinan-tinan ba suspeitu infesaun raiva/rabies, hodi prevene estimativa mate relasionadu ho moras-raiva/rabies hamutuk 327,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;whorabies&quot;&gt;WHO: [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/index.html ''Fact Sheet No 99: Rabies''], 2011-09.&lt;/ref&gt; La ho vasinasaun, infesaun raiva/rabies akontese iha loron 15 to'o 90 nia laran –&amp;nbsp;aleinde kazu individuál sira ne'ebé raru tebes&lt;ref&gt;R. E. Willoughby Jr., K. S. Tieves, G. M. Hoffman, N. S. Ghanayem, C. M. Amlie-Lefond, M. J. Schwabe, M. J. Chusid, C. E. Rupprecht: ''Survival after Treatment of Rabies with Induction of Coma'', The New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 2005, p. 2508–2514 [https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa050382#t=articleTop]&lt;nowiki&gt;, PMID: 15958806}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;- fatal.&lt;ref&gt;F. H. Kayser: ''Taschenlehrbuch Medizinische Mikrobiologie'', 11. Auflage, Thieme Verlag, 2005, ISBN= 3-13-444811-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Vasinasaun maka efetivu de'it iha oras 24 nia laran hafoin infesaun; lalais liu di'ak liu.

== Patojéniu ==
[[Imajen:Rabies_Virus_EM_PHIL_1876.JPG|miniaturadaimagem|Virus sira raiva nian iha sélula ida. Negri nia isin-lolon sira bele haree ho klaru.]]

Raiva/Rabies kauza hosi vírus sira hosi jéneru [[vírus Lyssa]] hosi família [[Rhabdoviridae]]. Hirak-ne'e maka vírus sira ne'ebé envolve ho forma silíndriku ne'ebé nia jenoma prezente hanesan RNA ho fita ida de'it ho polaridade negativu . Ida-ne'e kontrariu ho virus sira seluk ne'ebé infeta ema, ne'ebé normalmente iha simetria kúbiku.

== Transmisaun ==
99 % husi kazu umanu globál sira transmite husi asu. Iha [[Estadu Naklibur Sira Amérika Nian|EUA]], maibé, kazu barak liu iha tinan hirak ikus ne'e kauza hosi morsa nia tata, no sira-ne'e mós hamosu risku saúde nian iha [[Austrália]], [[Amérika|Amérika Latina]] no Europa Osidentál. Kontaktu ho predadór fuik sira ne'ebé infetadu ho rabies, hanesan raposa, rakun, skunk, jacal, coyote, asu-fuik, ka mangusta, bele mós hamosu moras ida-ne'e iha ema.&lt;ref name=&quot;whorabies2&quot;&gt;WHO: [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/index.html ''Fact Sheet No 99: Rabies''], 2011-09.&lt;/ref&gt;

Virus ne'e prezente iha saliva hosi animál ne'ebé maka moras no infesaun normalmente akontese liuhosi tata ka kose. Transmisaun mós posivel liuhosi kontaktu diretu hosi saliva infetadu ho membrana mukoza sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;whorabies3&quot;&gt;WHO: [http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/index.html ''Fact Sheet No 99: Rabies''], 2011-09.&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[In vitro]]'', transmisaun liuhosi membrana mukoza sira akontese ona. Iha posibilidade katak transmisaun iha forma ida-ne'e akontese iha ema sira ne'ebé esplora gruta sira ne'ebé populadu ho [[morcegos]]. Transmisaun ema ba ema liuhosi mordida, maski iha prinsípiu posivel, to'o ohin loron seidauk observa.

== Kursu moras nian no sintoma sira ==
=== Kursu moras nian iha ema ===
Hafoin ema ida hetan infesaun hosi animál infetadu ida nia tata, vírus ne'e hela besik pontu entrada nian durante loron tolu resin, multiplika iha ne'ebá no hafoin ne'e la'o liuhosi fibra nervoza sira hosi nervu perifériku sira ba medula espinál no ikusmai ba kakutak . Husi sistema nervozu sentrál, vírus ne'e hada'et tuir nervu perifériku sira no nervu kraniál sira, inklui ba glándula salivar sira no glándula lakrimál sira, no hasai ho sira nia sekresaun sira. &lt;ref name=&quot;medmikro&quot;&gt;H. Hof, R. Dörries ''Medizinische Mikrobiologie'', Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 2005, ISBN=3-13-125313-4, p. 221.&lt;/ref&gt; Maibé, se virus ne'e tama diretamente iha raan liuhosi mordida, nia to'o iha sistema nervozu sentrál lalais liu. Bainhira virus ne'e to'o ona iha sistema nervozu sentrál, vasinasaun la efetivu ona, nune'e [[vasinasaun]] pós-espozisaun tenke administra lalais liután (iha oras balun nia laran). Maibé, tanba períodu inkubasaun bele naruk tebes, vasinasaun pós-espozisaun bele sai nafatin efetivu maski fulan hirak liutiha, bainhira moras ne'e seidauk mosu.&lt;ref&gt;C. Roth [[et al.]]: [https://www.dtg.org/images/Startseite-Download-Box/2022_DTG_Empfehlungen_Reiseimpfungen.pdf ''2022 DTG Empfehlungen Reiseimpfungen.pdf''], Deutsche Gesellschaft für Tropenmedizin, Reisemedizin und Globale Gesundheit e.&amp;nbsp;V., 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Rabies_patient.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pasiente moras-raiva/rabies]]

Períodu inkubasaun nian –&amp;nbsp;i.e. períodu entre infesaun no sintoma dahuluk sira hanesan isin-manas&amp;nbsp;– varia husi loron lima to'o tinan balun, normalmente fulan rua to'o tolu. Durasaun depende ba fatin ne'ebé tata, sub-espésie vírus nian no sistema imunidade ema ne'ebé afetadu nian.&lt;ref&gt;Merkblatt: ''Tollwut.'' RKI-Ratgeber, Stand November 2020, online abrufbar als [https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Merkblaetter/Ratgeber_Tollwut.html html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127214614/https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Merkblaetter/Ratgeber_Tollwut.html |date=2025-01-27 }}; zuletzt abgerufen am 4. Juni 2021&lt;/ref&gt;

Virus ne'e kauza inflamasaun iha kakutak, ne'ebé maka sai hanesan razaun ba sintoma típiku sira. Medula espinál mós bele hetan afetadu, hodi rezulta iha inflamasaun medula espinál. Bainhira transmite liuhosi tata iha liman ka ain, moras dala barak mosu uluk iha parte ne'ebé tata. Lakon sensibilidade ne'ebé koresponde ba dermatomas kulit nian observa ona beibeik. Lakleur depois, sintoma sira sistema nervozu sentrál nian aumenta, hanesan paralizasaun, ansiedade, [[Verworrenheit|konfuzaun]], emosaun, no progresu liután ba delíriu, hahalok la normál, halusinasaun sira, no insomnia . Paralizasaun husi nervu kraniál posterior sira ( nervu glossofaringeal, nervu vágu) lori ba paralizasaun faríngea, asosiadu ho inkapasidade atu ko'alia ka tolan&amp;nbsp;– ida-ne'e maka típiku durante faze ikus sira moras nian.
[[Imajen:Hydrophobia_in_rabies.webm|miniaturadaimagem|Hidrofobia iha mane ida ne'ebé deskonfia iha moras rabies]]
Haree bee bele hamosu atake sira hidrofobia nian ho espasmu sira iha kakorok no laringe. Fluxu saliva ne'ebé aumenta maka'as ( hipersalivasaun ) lakleur labele ko'us ona no forma espuma iha ibun nia oin. Difikuldade atu ko'us prevene virus atu labele dilui, ne'ebé aumenta nia virulénsia. Estímulu ambientál ki'ik liu hanesan korrente ne'ebé hamosu anemofobia, n.e.&amp;nbsp;B. husi ventilador,&lt;ref&gt;Raphael Veicht: [https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/html/10.1055/s-2007-963736#N65979 ''Rabies – intensivmedizinische und intensivpflegerische Herausforderung – Teil 1.''] In: ''[[Intensiv (Zeitschrift)]].'' Band 16, Nr. 1, 2008. Abruf 21.&amp;nbsp;Juni 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; ka barullu no naroman hamosu hirus, hakilar, baku no morde, ikusmai transmite virus ne'ebé konsentradu tebes.

Moras ne’e mós bele akontese iha forma “silensiu”, iha ne’ebé sintoma balun ne’ebé temi laiha. Mate pratikamente sempre akontese loron rua to'o sanulu hafoin sintoma dahuluk sira, no sobrevivente uitoan de'it normalmente sofre estragu maka'as iha kakutak.

=== Kursu moras nian iha animál fuik sira no animál doméstiku sira ===
Mamíferu hotu-hotu no, to'o pontu limitadu, manu sira bele hetan infesaun ho raiva/rabies. Períodu inkubasaun normalmente semana rua to'o ualu. Moras ne'e dura entre loron ida no semana ida no sempre fatal. Sintoma dahuluk sira normalmente inklui mudansa sira iha personalidade.

[[Asu|Asu doméstiku sira]] ne'ebé afetadu bele sai partikularmente agresivu no tata, sente emosionadu liu, hatudu aumentu iha hakarak seksuál no hakilar lahó razaun (&quot;hirus maka'as&quot;). Tuir mai, paralizasaun mosu, hodi hamosu hakilar maka'as, difikuldade atu ko'us (salivasaun maka'as, espuma iha ibun), nanál ne'ebé namlele, no paralizasaun iha ain kotuk, hodi rezulta asu ne'e sai metin. Faze &quot;hirus ne'ebé maka'as&quot; bele mós laiha no rabies bele hahú kedas ho sintoma sira paralizia nian (&quot;hirus nonook&quot;). Kursu atípiku sira mós akontese, ne'ebé inisialmente hanesan ho inflamasaun iha tratu gastrointestinál.&lt;ref&gt;Tiermedizin Portal: [https://www.tiermedizinportal.de/tierkrankheiten/hundekrankheiten/tollwut-rabies-lyssa-beim-hund/163916 ''Tollwut (Rabies, Lyssa) beim Hund''.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha [[Busa|busa doméstiku sira]], imajen klíniku hanesan ho asu sira. Busa ida ne'ebé moras dalabarak hadook-an, miau beibeik no reajen ho agresivu ba irritasaun. Iha faze ikus, mosu paralizia.

Iha [[Karau|karau doméstiku sira,]] rabies normalmente manifesta uluk iha moras dijestiva, atonia no bubu iha rumen no diarea. Liuliu iha to'os iha pastura, moras-asin tenke konsidera nafatin hanesan kauza posivel ida ba moras dijestiva sira. Tuir mai, muskulu sira nakdedar, bee-been, hakilar beibeik no paralizasaun iha ain-kotuk sira akontese. Iha animál ki'ik sira hanesan [[bibi|bibi]] no [[Bibi-malae|bibi-malae]], &quot;hirus nonook&quot; maka domina, maibé la hakmatek, hakilar beibeik no aumentu iha dezeju seksuál bele mós akontese.

Iha [[Kuda|kuda doméstiku sira,]] rabies bele mosu hanesan &quot;hirus ne'ebé maka'as&quot; ho halai hasoru parede sira ne'ebé maka'as no kóliku, ka hanesan &quot;hirus ne'ebé maka nonook&quot; ho apatia. &quot;Hirus nonook&quot; bele konfunde ho moras Borna.

Iha [[Fahi|fahi doméstiku sira]], emosaun, lian maka'as beibeik, movimentu kompulsivu sira no frenézia morde nian maka dominante.

Moras ne'e raru tebes iha [[Manu|manu sira]] no manifesta iha hakilar ansi, dezorden movimentu no paralizia.

Iha animál fuik sira, rabies dala barak lori ba lakon tauk ba ema. Maibé, tenke nota katak animál fuik urbanizadu barak hanesan raposa no rakun sira laiha ona buat sira-ne'e.

== Diagnóstiku ==
Diagnóstiku ne'e halo bazeia ba sintoma klíniku sira, kontaktu ho fonte patojéniu (normalmente animál infetadu) no istória médiku. Diagnóstiku laboratóriu nian susar no la'ós sempre konkluzivu, liuliu iha kazu suspeitu sira iha ema.

=== Diagnóstiku virus nian iha animál sira ===
Iha animál sira ne'ebé mate ka mate, deteksaun vírus nian hala'o liuhosi ezamina tesidu kakutak nian ne'ebé fresku.

=== Diagnóstiku sira iha ema ===
Diagnóstiku ne'ebé deskonfia ba posivel infesaun raiva/rabies nian halo liuhosi istória médiku ida ne'ebé kuidadu, partikularmente kona-ba hela iha rai-li'ur, kontaktu ho animál sira, kontaktu ho sekresaun sira hanesan saliva ka raan iha membrana mukosa ka kanek nakloke, insidente tata nian, hahalok no tipu animál nian no kualkér deteksaun vírus pozitivu iha animál. Moras ida hetan diagnóstiku prinsipál klinikamente bazeia ba sintoma neurolójiku típiku sira. Faze inisiál infesaun nian maka partikularmente problematiku, tanba teste virolójiku sira dalabarak nafatin negativu no sintoma sira seidauk pronunsia. Imediatamente hafoin espozisaun, laiha ezame virolójiku ida maka bele prova ka esklui infesaun, maski desizaun atu hahú imunoprofilaxia tenke halo ho loloos iha tempu badak hafoin espozisaun.

Laiha métodu teste virolójiku ne'ebé koñesidu to'o ohin loron ne'ebé bele esklui ho konfiável infesaun rabies iha indivíduu moris sira. Só deteksaun direta pozitivu posivel ida hosi patójenu ka serokonversaun sertu entre amostra sérum rua ne'ebé haketak hosi semana sira (se vasinasaun foin lalais ida maka esklui) maka bele prova infesaun ida. Maibé, deteksaun sira-ne'e susar, primeiru tanba propagasaun latente hosi vírus iha tesidu nervozu, nune'e laiha vírus ne'ebé prezente iha materiál teste nian, no segundu tanba vírus ne'e inativa lalais iha liur isin nian, ne'ebé limita prosedimentu sira teste nian ho replikasaun vírus nian. Métodu deteksaun direta ba vírus rabies nian rezerva ba laboratóriu espesiál sira.

== Tratamentu ==
[[Imajen:Joseph_Meister.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Joseph Meister maka ema dahuluk ne'ebé hetan vasina ho susesu hasoru moras-asin iha tinan 1885.]]

Iha tinan 1885, [[Louis Pasteur]] introdús tratamentu ba moras-raiva/rabies liuhosi vasinasaun ativu.&lt;ref&gt;[[Paul Diepgen]], [[Heinz Goerke]]: ''[[Ludwig Aschoff|Aschoff]]/Diepgen/Goerke: Kurze Übersichtstabelle zur Geschichte der Medizin.'' 7., neubearbeitete Auflage. Springer, Berlin/Göttingen/Heidelberg 1960, S. 49.&lt;/ref&gt; Laiha tratamentu bazeia ba evidénsia ne'ebé disponivel aleinde vasinasaun pós-espozisaun. Susesu sira tratamentu nian ne'ebé publika ona ho sobrevivénsia pasiente nian maka polémika tebes. Tratamentu tenke hala'o iha unidade kuidadu intensivu, karik uza sedativu sira hodi hamenus sintoma sira.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Merkblaetter/Ratgeber_Tollwut.html#doc2392880bodyText12 RKI-Ratgeber: Tollwut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127214614/https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Merkblaetter/Ratgeber_Tollwut.html#doc2392880bodyText12 |date=2025-01-27 }}, 29. September 2022.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vasinasaun preventiva ===
Surtu moras nian bele prevene liuhosi vasinasaun preventiva (pré-espozisaun). Agora daudaun, vasina ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé halo hosi vírus rabies ne'ebé la ativa ona injeta iha liman-fuan. Hanesan baibain ho imunizasaun ativu, doze oioin tenke administra iha intervalu loron oioin to'o semana sira. Oráriu vasinasaun loloos depende ba preparasaun; vasinasaun baibain fó iha loron 0, 7 no 28. Hafoin injesaun, ema ne'ebé hetan vasina produz antikorpu protesaun hasoru virus sira. Protesaun kompletu hetan maizumenus semana ida hafoin vasinasaun ikus. Ba grupu risku sira hanesan pesoál laboratóriu ka gamekeepers, númeru antikorpu sira iha raan hetan verifikasaun hafoin tinan 1 to'o 2 no vasinasaun hetan atualizasaun bainhira nesesáriu.

=== Vasinasaun pós-espozisaun ===
Karik deskonfia iha infesaun raiva/rabies, vasinasaun simultáneu normalmente hala'o.

Imunizasaun pasivu kompostu hosi administrasaun ida de'it hosi antikorpu sira hasoru moras-asu. Pelumenus metade hosi antikorpu sira injeta iha kanek ne'ebé hamoos no dezinfeta ona, restu fó intraglutealmente.&lt;ref&gt;[[Marianne Abele-Horn]]: ''Antimikrobielle Therapie. Entscheidungshilfen zur Behandlung und Prophylaxe von Infektionskrankheiten.'' Unter Mitarbeit von Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz und August Stich. 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4, S. 318 f.&lt;/ref&gt; Injesaun ho imunizasaun ativu hala'o dook liu hosi kanek ne'ebé posivel atu nune'e bele mantein neutralizasaun mútua hosi vasina rua ne'e ki'ik liu. [[Ständige Impfkommission|STIKO]] [[alemanha]] halo rekomendasaun tuirmai ba imunoprofilaxia pós-espozisaun.&lt;ref&gt;Aktuelle Empfehlungen der STIKO. In: ''Epidemiologisches Bulletin.'' 34/2013, S. 343; [http://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Archiv/2013/Ausgaben/34_13.pdf?__blob=publicationFile rki.de] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808023920/https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/Infekt/EpidBull/Archiv/2013/Ausgaben/34_13.pdf?__blob=publicationFile |date=2024-08-08 }} (PDF; 211&amp;nbsp;kB)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Habelar no kontrola ==
[[Imajen:Rabies_Free_Countries_Sourced_2010.svg|miniaturadaimagem|Mapa hosi nasaun sira ne'ebé livre hosi moras-raiva (2010)]]
Raiva/Rabies maka enzoótiku iha parte barak iha mundu, ho nasaun balun de'it maka livre hosi raiva/rabies. Kona-ba transmisaun, epidemiolojia no uma-na'in rezervatóriu nian, halo distinsaun entre ''raiva/rabies urbana'' ne'ebé transmite hosi animál doméstiku sira (maioria asu), ''raiva/rabies silvátika'' ne'ebé transmite hosi animál fuik sira (depende ba fatin, porezemplu, [[Rotfuchs|raposa]], [[Waschbär|rakun]], manu [[Stachelschwein|-fuik]], [[Wolf|asu-fuik]]) no moras-raiva/rabies ne'ebé transmite hosi [[morcegos]].
[[Imajen:The_distribution_of_the_global_burden_of_rabies_B.TIF|miniaturadaimagem|Mate anuál sira tanba moras-raiva kada abitante 100,000]]
Virus rabies moris iha rezervatóriu animál fuik sira ne'ebé luan, oioin no rurál. Vasinasaun obrigatóriu ba animál sira ladún efetivu iha área rurál sira. Vasina orál sira bele fahe iha issu, ne'ebé maka konsege hamenus moras-asu iha área rurál sira iha Fransa, Ontário, Texas, Florida, no fatin sira seluk.

Iha mundu tomak, asu doméstiku sira maka fonte importante liu ba infesaun raiva/rabies nian iha ema; Sira maka kontribui ba pursentu 99 hosi mate sira. Iha infesaun rejistadu besik 50,000 iha ema sira hosi asu sira kada tinan. Kampaña vasinasaun no kontrolu populasaun asu nian maka dalan úniku atu kombate ho efetivu moras-asu urbanu.&lt;ref&gt;WHO: [https://www.who-rabies-bulletin.org/site-page/epidemiology-rabies Rabies Bulletin – Epidemiology] (abgerufen am 3. Juni 2019)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Timor-Leste ===
Governu Timor-Leste relata kazu fatal konfirmadu dahuluk ba moras rabies iha ema ba OMS iha loron 22 fulan-marsu tinan 2024. Feto ho tinan 19 hosi [[Pásabe (postu administrativu)|Postu Pasabe]] ([[Oe-Cusse Ambeno]]), ne'ebé hetan sofre asu tata iha loron 26 fulan-dezembru tinan 2023, lori ba sentru saúde lokál iha loron 20 fulan-marsu no mate iha tinan 2020, tinan 2024. Iha totál tinan ida. Kazu 95 iha asu mak relata iha munisípiu Oecusse to’o loron 24 fulan Abril Asu sanulu pozitivu moras raiva/rabies uza teste diagnóstiku rápidu. Husi asu 95 ne'ebé hetan espozisaun, hitu hetan sona hosi asu sira ne'ebé konfirmadu ho raiva/rabies. Autoridade saúde sira vasina asu sira, informa públiku, treinu pesoál médiku sira, hala'o vijilánsia ativu, no fornese vasina no imunoglobulina hasoru moras-asu iha ema. Bazeia ba informasaun ne'ebé iha daudaun, OMS avalia risku ne'ebé hamosu hosi eventu ne'e hanesan aas iha nivel nasionál no hanesan ki'ik iha nivel rejionál no globál.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2024-DON513 WHO: Rabies - Timor-Leste]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nusa Tenggara Timur/Indonézia ===
Iha [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]] (NTT, [[Indonézia]]), ema na'in neen mate tanba moras-asu-been maka rejista entre loron 1 Janeiru no 15 Marsu 2024. Iha tinan 2023, totál ema na'in-30 maka mate tanba moras-asu-been maka relata iha Provínsia NTT.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== [[Bali]]/Indonézia ===
Iha 2009, ema mate oioin maka relata ona hosi illa feriadu nian. Antes ne'e, illa ne'e konsidera livre hosi moras rabies.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.focus.de/gesundheit/ticker/ratgeber-vor-bali-reise-tollwutimpfung-empfohlen_aid_388505.html ''Vor Bali-Reise Tollwutimpfung empfohlen''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415141429/http://www.focus.de/gesundheit/ticker/ratgeber-vor-bali-reise-tollwutimpfung-empfohlen_aid_388505.html |date=2016-04-15 }}, 2009-04-08.&lt;/ref&gt; Desde inísiu surtu raiva/rabies nian iha 2008, pasiente na'in 45 vizita ona fasilidade sira GeoSentinel ka EuroTravNet nian ba profilaxe pós-espozisaun. Ne'e maka 12.6 % hosi viajante sira ne'ebé maka tuir klínika rede nian ba profilaxe pós-espozisaun. Dadus ne'ebé halibur hatudu katak maioria kanek sira hosi animál sira la'ós kauza hosi tata ka kose hosi asu sira, maibé hosi samea sira.&lt;ref&gt;P. Gautret, P. L. Lim, M. Shaw, K. Leder: ''Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Travellers Returning from Bali, Indonesia'', November 2008 to March 2010, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 17, , 2011, p. 445–447, DOI=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03271.x, PMID 20491825&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Austrália ===
[[Austrália]] maka parte ida hosi parte uitoan iha mundu ne'ebé maka rabies nunka hetan introdús. Maibé, lyssavirus morcego australianu mosu naturalmente iha maioria nasaun kontinentál sira. Ida-ne'e afeta tantu morsa insektivór sira hosi espésie ''Saccolaimus flaviventris'' no espésie haat ne'ebé han ai-horis hosi [[Flughunde|morsa ai-fuan nian]] ne'ebé nativa hosi Austrália.&lt;ref&gt;Banyard u.&amp;nbsp;a.: ''Bats and Lyssaviruses.''&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Repúblika Populár Xina ===
Aleinde [[Índia]], [[Xina]] maka nasaun ne'ebé afetadu liu hosi moras rabies. Entre tinan 1960 no 2014, rejista kazu 120.913 hosi raiva/rabies umanu iha Repúblika Populár Xina, koresponde ba média ida hosi kazu 2.198 kada tinan. Iha dékada entre 2004 no 2014 iha kazu hamutuk 32.932. Tinan ho insidénsia no númeru kazu aas liu maka 1981 (0.7/100,000, 7037 kazu). Insidénsia moras rabies nian inisialmente tun maka'as hosi dékada 1980 ba oin tanba medida ofisiál sira hanesan kontensaun ba asu la'o-rai sira, vasinasaun ba asu sira no profilaxia pós-espozisaun, atinji mínimu absoluta iha tinan 1996 ho kazu 159 ne'ebé maka relata (insidénsia 0.01/1000), maibé aumenta fali iha pontu aas liu iha segundu. 2007 ho kazu 3.300 (insidensia 0.3/100.000). Hahú hosi ne'ebá, númeru sira tuun fali no iha tinan 2014 iha kazu hamutuk 924 ho taxa mortalidade hamutuk 92 %.&lt;ref name=&quot;PLoS&quot;&gt;H. Zhou, S. Vong, K. Liu, Y. Li, D. Mu, L. Wang, W. Yin, H. Yu: ''Human Rabies in China, 1960–2014: A Descriptive Epidemiological Study'', PLoS Negl Trop Dis, Vol. 10, no. 8, p, e0004874, DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004874.&lt;/ref&gt; Iha 2014, rabies maka kauza prinsipál datoluk ba mate (depois SIDA no tuberkuloze) entre moras infesioza sira hotu ne'ebé bele notifika iha Repúblika Populár Xina.&lt;ref&gt;中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会: [http://www.moh.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/201502/847c041a3bac4c3e844f17309be0cabd.shtml ''2014年度全国法定传染病疫情情况''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209114211/http://www.moh.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/201502/847c041a3bac4c3e844f17309be0cabd.shtml |date=2019-02-09 }}, 2018-05-17, 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会: [http://www.moh.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/201502/847c041a3bac4c3e844f17309be0cabd.shtml ''2014年度全国法定传染病疫情情况''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209114211/http://www.moh.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/201502/847c041a3bac4c3e844f17309be0cabd.shtml |date=2019-02-09 }}, 2018-05-17.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun Web ==
* [https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/ Rabies] – Informasaun detallu husi Sentru Kontrolu no Prevensaun Moras (Inglés).
* [https://www.oie.int/en/animal-health-in-the-world/rabies-portal/about-rabies/ Rabies Portal.] WHO (Inglés).

== Referénsia individuál sira ==
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:450%;&quot;&gt;&lt;center&gt;𝕶𝖆𝖓𝖙𝖚 𝕹𝖔𝖙𝖎𝖘𝖎𝖆&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;warta-body-align to-left&quot;&gt;'''&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Edisaun&lt;/span&gt; [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip {{#time:Y}}|&lt;span class=&quot;warta-link&quot;&gt;'{{#time:y}}&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;warta-body-align to-right&quot;&gt;'''&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Dalan:&lt;/span&gt; [[WP:KMG|&lt;span class=&quot;warta-link&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;WP:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;KMG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;warta-tagline&quot;&gt;''Notísia Projetu Wikimédia''&lt;/span&gt;
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{{clear}}

== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 ==

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| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar &amp; Auckland Museum student update
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12h58min de 12 de Janeiru de 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]]

* Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]]

* Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]]

* WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15h19min de 15 de Janeiru de 2026 (UTC)
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== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19h45min de 16 de Janeiru de 2026 (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;pt&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Revisão anual do Código de Conduta Universal e das Diretrizes de Aplicação&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;pt&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Esta mensagem é para lhe informar que o período de revisão anual do Código de Conduta Universal (UCoC) e das Diretrizes de Aplicação acabou de abrir. Será possível fazer suas sugestões sobre o que deve mudar até 9 de fevereiro de 2026. Esta é a primeira de várias etapas que comporão a revisão anual. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Saiba mais e junte-se à conversa na página do UCoC no Meta]].

O [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Comitê de Coordenação do Código de Conduta Universal]] (U4C) é um grupo global dedicado a entregar uma implementação equitativa e consistente do UCoC. Essa revisão anual foi planejada e implementada pelo U4C. Para mais informações sobre as responsabilidades do U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|confira a Carta do U4C]].

Por favor, ajude-nos compartilhando essas informações com outros membros da sua comunidade nos lugares apropriados.

-- Em cooperação com o U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|discussão]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21h02min de 19 de Janeiru de 2026 (UTC)
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== ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]]

* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]]

* News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 06h31min de 29 de Janeiru de 2026 (UTC)
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
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{| align=&quot;center&quot;
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&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08h34min de 11 de Fevereiru de 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]]

* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]]

* Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]]

* Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]]

* Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 08h03min de 17 de Fevereiru de 2026 (UTC)
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&lt;!-- Mensagem enviada por User:JPxG@metawiki utilizando a lista em https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30039447 --&gt;

== ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]]

* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]]

* Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]]

* Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]]

* Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]]

* Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is &quot;Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes&quot; cited in &quot;List of tallest buildings in Chicago&quot;?]]

* Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]]

* In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]]

* WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]]

* Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|&quot;It will never happen&quot;]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 04h15min de 10 de Marsu de 2026 (UTC)
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&lt;!-- Mensagem enviada por User:JPxG@metawiki utilizando a lista em https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30121359 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion &amp; a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 00h52min de 12 de Marsu de 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]].

We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community.
* Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently &lt;code&gt;&quot;:n&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;:0&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;:1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;book_reference-1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).
* Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name.
* Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation).
* Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. &quot;title&quot; or &quot;last&quot;+&quot;first&quot;) – defined by the community.

=== Feedback ===
[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]].

'''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism.
We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic.

Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings.

Thank you for participating!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|diskusaun]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 11h15min de 19 de Marsu de 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Mensagem enviada por User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki utilizando a lista em https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&amp;oldid=30281362 --&gt;

== ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]]

* WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]]

* Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]]

* Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10h08min de 31 de Marsu de 2026 (UTC)
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Uza-na'in:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Diskusaun Uza-na'in:MediaWiki message delivery|discussão]]) 17h09min de 3 de Abríl de 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Mensagem enviada por User:ZI Jony@metawiki utilizando a lista em https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29905755 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nv3bfvdfv8witixnka50oh1nyobnfkt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>