Ekuadór

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    <title>Ekuadór</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-14T23:24:14Z</timestamp>
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        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
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      <text bytes="1169" sha1="4qhu4n79cn7v4baw98z6dlgv0xu2557" xml:space="preserve">'''Artigu ida-ne'e deskreve kona-ba nasaun Ekuadór. Ba liña haleu Rai, haree [[liña ekuadór]].'''

{{Repúblika
| rai                 = República del Ecuador&lt;br&gt;Ikwayur Runaq Imayka
| tetum-name          = Ekuadór
| imajen-bandeira     = Flag of Ecuador.svg
| imajen-brazaun      = Coat of arms of Ecuador original version.svg
| lema                = Dios, Patria y Libertad
| image-location      = LocationEcuador.svg
| lia                 = españól
| sidade-kapital      = Kitu
| prezidente          = Guillermo Lasso
| primeiru-ministru   = 
| area                = {{formatnum:283561}}
| rai hosi populasaun = 55
| populasaun-total    = {{formatnum:16815320}}
| tinan               = 2018
| densidade           = 59,08
| osan                = Dólar amerikanu
| fuzu-orariu         = -5 ([[Galápagus]]:[[UTC]]-6)
| fuzu-orariu-summer  = 
| inu-nasional        = ¡Salve, oh patria!
| internet-tld        = ec
| kódigu              = 593
}}
'''Ekuadór''' (iha españól: ''Ecuador'') maka rai [[Amérika Súl]] nian.

===Istória===

===Polítika===

===Jeografia===

===Ekonomia===

===Ligasaun ba li'ur===

{{Amérika Súl}}

[[Kategoria:Amérika Súl]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eslovénia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-14T19:13:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>7926</id>
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|+&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;'''Republika Slovenija'''&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;135px&quot; | [[Imajen:Flag of Slovenia.svg|130 px|Bandeira Eslovénia nian]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;135px&quot; | [[Imajen:Coat_of_Arms_of_Slovenia.svg|100px|Brazaun Eslovénia nian]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Imajen:SVN_highlighted_map.png]]
|-
| [[Lian ofisiál]]
| [[Lia-eslovenu|eslovenu]]
|-
| [[Sidade kapitál]]
| [[Lubiana]]
|-
| [[Prezidente Repúblika]]
| [[Nataša Pirc Musar]]
|-
| [[Primeiru ministru]]
| [[Janez Janša]]
|-
| [[Área]]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total
| [[Lista de países por área|154º boot liuhotu]] &lt;br /&gt; 20 273 [[quilómetro quadrado|km&amp;sup2;]]
|-
| [[Populasaun]]
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total ([[2017]])
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- [[Densidade populasional|Densidade]]
| [[Lista rai hosi populasaun|populasaun 144º boot liuhotu]]
&lt;br /&gt; 2 065 895
&lt;br /&gt; 102/km&amp;sup2;
|-
| [[Fuzu oráriu]]
| [[Tempu Universál ho Koordenasaun|UTC]] +1 ([[Tempu Universál ho Koordenasaun|UTC]] +2)
|-
| [[Inu nasionál]]
| ''Zdravljica''
|-
| [[TLD (Internet)]]
| .si
|}

'''Eslovénia''' (iha [[Lia-eslovenu|eslovenu]]: ''Slovenija'') maka rai [[Europa]] nian.

Nia ohin estadu membru [[Uniaun Europeia]] no [[OTAN]] nian.

{{Europa}}
{{Uniaun Europeia}}
{{OTAN}}

[[Kategoria:Europa]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-14T19:14:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martin Macha 2111</username>
        <id>7926</id>
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      <comment>/* */</comment>
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|+&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;'''Republika Slovenija'''&lt;/font&gt;
|-
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;135px&quot; | [[Imajen:Coat_of_Arms_of_Slovenia.svg|100px|Brazaun Eslovénia nian]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Imajen:SVN_highlighted_map.png]]
|-
| [[Lian ofisiál]]
| [[Lia-eslovenu|eslovenu]]
|-
| [[Sidade kapitál]]
| [[Lubiana]]
|-
| [[Prezidente Repúblika]]
| [[Nataša Pirc Musar]]
|-
| [[Primeiru ministru]]
| [[Janez Janša]]
|-
| [[Área]]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total
| [[Lista de países por área|150º boot liuhotu]] &lt;br /&gt; 20 273 [[quilómetro quadrado|km&amp;sup2;]]
|-
| [[Populasaun]]
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total ([[2026]])
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- [[Densidade populasional|Densidade]]
| [[Lista rai hosi populasaun|populasaun 150º boot liuhotu]]
&lt;br /&gt; 2 136 385
&lt;br /&gt; 105,4/km&amp;sup2;
|-
| [[Fuzu oráriu]]
| [[Tempu Universál ho Koordenasaun|UTC]] +1 ([[Tempu Universál ho Koordenasaun|UTC]] +2)
|-
| [[Inu nasionál]]
| ''Zdravljica''
|-
| [[TLD (Internet)]]
| .si
|}

'''Eslovénia''' (iha [[Lia-eslovenu|eslovenu]]: ''Slovenija'') maka rai [[Europa]] nian.

Nia ohin estadu membru [[Uniaun Europeia]] no [[OTAN]] nian.

{{Europa}}
{{Uniaun Europeia}}
{{OTAN}}

[[Kategoria:Europa]]</text>
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        <id>7926</id>
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|+&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;'''Republika Slovenija'''&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;135px&quot; | [[Imajen:Flag of Slovenia.svg|130 px|Bandeira Eslovénia nian]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;135px&quot; | [[Imajen:Coat_of_Arms_of_Slovenia.svg|100px|Brazaun Eslovénia nian]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Imajen:SVN_highlighted_map.png]]
|-
| [[Lian ofisiál]]
| [[Lia-eslovenu|eslovenu]]
|-
| [[Sidade kapitál]]
| [[Lubiana]]
|-
| [[Prezidente Repúblika]]
| [[Nataša Pirc Musar]]
|-
| [[Primeiru ministru]]
| [[Janez Janša]]
|-
| [[Área]]&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total
| [[Lista de países por área|144º boot liuhotu]] &lt;br /&gt; 20 273 [[quilómetro quadrado|km&amp;sup2;]]
|-
| [[Populasaun]]
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total ([[2026]])
&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- [[Densidade populasional|Densidade]]
| [[Lista rai hosi populasaun|populasaun 150º boot liuhotu]]
&lt;br /&gt; 2 136 385
&lt;br /&gt; 105,4/km&amp;sup2;
|-
| [[Fuzu oráriu]]
| [[Tempu Universál ho Koordenasaun|UTC]] +1 ([[Tempu Universál ho Koordenasaun|UTC]] +2)
|-
| [[Inu nasionál]]
| ''Zdravljica''
|-
| [[TLD (Internet)]]
| .si
|}

'''Eslovénia''' (iha [[Lia-eslovenu|eslovenu]]: ''Slovenija'') maka rai [[Europa]] nian.

Nia ohin estadu membru [[Uniaun Europeia]] no [[OTAN]] nian.

{{Europa}}
{{Uniaun Europeia}}
{{OTAN}}

[[Kategoria:Europa]]</text>
      <sha1>ll59mdilzykaf2hkzdqywvl2l8cxof9</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Uza-na'in:J. Patrick Fischer</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>1875</id>
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      <parentid>74697</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T23:39:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Artigu */</comment>
      <origin>74718</origin>
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      <text bytes="3217" sha1="hp4o4qiu0qkgdib21sc47x027sq5u20" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg|138px]][[Imajen:Flag of Germany.svg|138px]][[Imajen:Flag of Portugal.svg|125px]][[Imajen:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|125px]][[Imajen:Flag of East Timor.svg|165px]][[Imajen:Flag of Japan.svg|125px]]

&lt;table style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 242px; border: #99B3FF solid 1px&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;center&gt;'''Personal'''&lt;/center&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;[[Imajen:Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg|50px]] Ami hosi '''[[Baviera]]'''
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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{{#babel:de|en-2|fr-1|pt-1|tet-0}}
Olá,

I was born 1973. I am a Chemical engineer and working in a lab for proteine analysis. Vexillology, ethnology and geography have been my hobbies since I was a kid. I travelled with my backpack, when I was a student and visited 50 countries in all five continents. I posted some comments and images at [http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/ Flags of the world]. I am at the [http://www.osttimor.org/ Osttimorforum e.V.] [[Imajen:Flag of East Timor.svg|25px]] since 2006, who wants to  make [[Timor-Leste]] more popular and help for connections between German speaking countries and Timor-Leste.

I want to '''help building up Tetun Wikipedia''' for Timorese people and I want to '''help Timorese editors'''. If you need suport, you can ask me. If you are needing datas or sources about Timor-Leste, just have a look to the articles at [[:de:Portal:Osttimor]] in German Wikipedia. There are a lot of sources in English, Portuguese and even Tetun.

'''I am very interested on informations about East Timor. If you have some new sources or find mistakes in my articles, please tell me! ;-)'''

'''If you want to contact me''', you can use my German account, too, which is checked frequently: [[:de:Benutzer:J. Patrick Fischer]] or '''send me an eMail''' via Wikipedia (look to the left).

== Artigu ==
{|
|style=&quot;background:#008B00; color:#FFFFFF; border: 1px solid #000000; text-align:center; padding:0.5em; width:100%;&quot;|
'''Artigu sira ne'ebé ha'u hakerek ona'''
|-
|style=&quot;border: 1px solid #4F4F4F;&quot;|
[[Ai-kameli]], [[Átomu]], [[Baviera]], [[Baviera Leten]], [[Baviera Kraik]], [[Dengue]], [[Eleisaun parlamentar, Timór Lorosa'e 2017]], [[Eleisaun parlamentar, Timór Lorosa'e 2018]], [[Elementu kímiku]], [[Emília Pires]], [[FC Bayern München]], [[Funu Rúsia-Ukránia]], [[Halo Solar]], [[Ikthyosaurus]], [[Iktiosauru]], [[Jesus Cristo]], [[João Felgueiras]], [[Kloru]], [[Konrad Adenauer]], [[Lesululi]], [[Liña ekuadór]], [[Ludwig II. (Baviera)]], [[Nipah]], [[Pterosauru]], [[Rama dama]], [[Raiva]], [[Same]], [[Sódiu]], [[Stille Nacht]], [[Yohan Goutt Goncalves]], ''artigu oioin Eskritóriu administrativu sira Timór-Leste nian''.
|}

== Things ==
* [[Uza-na'in:J. Patrick Fischer/suku|suku model article]]
* [[:Template:Halakon]] (Delete)
* [[:Template:Disambig]] (Begriffsklärungsseite) 
* [[:Template:Artigu seluk]] (Begriffsklärungshinweis)
* [[Uza-na'in:J. Patrick Fischer/Reptilia hosi Timor]]
* [[Utilizador:J. Patrick Fischer/Istória Timor Leste nian]]
* [[Utilizador:J. Patrick Fischer/Be'e Manas Marobo]]

[[de:Benutzer:J. Patrick Fischer]]
[[ca:Usuari:J. Patrick Fischer]]
[[en:User:J. Patrick Fischer]]
[[pt:Usuário:J. Patrick Fischer]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Meligo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>74738</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-15T08:36:59Z</timestamp>
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        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
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      <text bytes="2444" sha1="3sc8j74zgehhp0qqdxz9deix5rjbhuw" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;
| border=&quot;1&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center style=&quot;background:#000000; color:white&quot; |'''Meligo'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot;|[[Imajen:Meligo suco.png|300px]]
|-
| '''Área'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |42,82 km²&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2015&quot;&gt;[[Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste|Direcção-Geral de Estatística]]: {{Webarchiv|url=http://www.statistics.gov.tl/category/publications/census-publications/2015-census-publications/ |wayback=20190923100642 |text=''Census 2015''}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Populasaun'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2909 &lt;small&gt;(tinan 2022)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot;&gt;Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste: [https://inetl-ip.gov.tl/2023/05/18/main-report-timor-leste-population-and-housing-census-2022/ ''Final Main Report Census 2022''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Xefe Suku'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Luís Soares Goncalves&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Eleisaun 2009)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stae.tl/elections/2009/community/results/ Secretariado Técnico de Administração Eleitoral STAE: Eleições para Liderança Comunitária 2009 – Resultados]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

'''Meligo''' (iha [[lia-portugés]]: ''Meligo'') suku ida iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]]. Suku ne'e iha postu administrativu [[Kailaku (postu administrativu)|Kailaku]] (munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaru]]). Iha tinan 2022 total populasaun hamutuk 2909.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot; /&gt; Área 42,82 km².&lt;ref name=Census2015 /&gt;

Suku Meligo iha aldeia rua mak hanesan: Berleu, Daulelo, Liabote, Mude.&lt;ref name=JdR&gt;[http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf Jornal da Républica mit dem Diploma Ministerial n.° 199/09] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} (Portugiesisch; PDF; 323 kB)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
* [http://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bobonaro-meligo-fo-fila-fali-Tetun-FINAL.pdf Sensus Fo Fila Fali 2010] ([[Tetun]]; PDF; 8,6 MB)
* Seeds of Life: [https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B13RUdSV85KfOE82NmxwVFZfYTg&amp;usp=sharing&amp;tid=0B13RUdSV85KfU0tDQ2ctV09Eb1U Suco information sheets Cailaco] (Tetun)

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Suku Kailaku postu administrativu}}

[[Kategoria:Bobonaru (munisípiu)]]
[[Kategoria:Suku Timor-Leste nian]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-15T08:39:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
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| border=&quot;1&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center style=&quot;background:#000000; color:white&quot; |'''Meligo'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Imajen:2021-03-31 Meligo.jpg|300px|Vizaun husi norte. Iha Lesululi nia kotuk mosu Leolaco]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Imajen:Meligo suco.png|300px]]
|-
| '''Área'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |42,82 km²&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2015&quot;&gt;[[Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste|Direcção-Geral de Estatística]]: {{Webarchiv|url=http://www.statistics.gov.tl/category/publications/census-publications/2015-census-publications/ |wayback=20190923100642 |text=''Census 2015''}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Populasaun'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2909 &lt;small&gt;(tinan 2022)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot;&gt;Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste: [https://inetl-ip.gov.tl/2023/05/18/main-report-timor-leste-population-and-housing-census-2022/ ''Final Main Report Census 2022''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Xefe Suku'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Luís Soares Goncalves&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Eleisaun 2009)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stae.tl/elections/2009/community/results/ Secretariado Técnico de Administração Eleitoral STAE: Eleições para Liderança Comunitária 2009 – Resultados]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

'''Meligo''' (iha [[lia-portugés]]: ''Meligo'') suku ida iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]]. Suku ne'e iha postu administrativu [[Kailaku (postu administrativu)|Kailaku]] (munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaru]]). Iha tinan 2022 total populasaun hamutuk 2909.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot; /&gt; Área 42,82 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2015&quot; /&gt;

Suku Meligo iha aldeia rua mak hanesan: Berleu, Daulelo, Liabote, Mude.&lt;ref name=JdR&gt;[http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf Jornal da Républica mit dem Diploma Ministerial n.° 199/09] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} (Portugiesisch; PDF; 323 kB)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
* [http://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bobonaro-meligo-fo-fila-fali-Tetun-FINAL.pdf Sensus Fo Fila Fali 2010] ([[Tetun]]; PDF; 8,6 MB)
* Seeds of Life: [https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B13RUdSV85KfOE82NmxwVFZfYTg&amp;usp=sharing&amp;tid=0B13RUdSV85KfU0tDQ2ctV09Eb1U Suco information sheets Cailaco] (Tetun)

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Suku Kailaku postu administrativu}}

[[Kategoria:Bobonaru (munisípiu)]]
[[Kategoria:Suku Timor-Leste nian]]</text>
      <sha1>q6dg1ak9ok6njkx3lobalub0og753mg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74740</id>
      <parentid>74739</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T08:40:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>74740</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2492" sha1="99an9sveprei3pgaxd6nvy5ugz09r6o" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;
| border=&quot;1&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center style=&quot;background:#000000; color:white&quot; |'''Meligo'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Imajen:2021-03-31 Meligo.jpg|300px|Vizaun husi norte. Iha Lesululi nia kotuk mosu Leolaco]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Imajen:Meligo suco.png|300px]]
|-
| '''Área'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |42,82 km²&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2015&quot;&gt;[[Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste|Direcção-Geral de Estatística]]: [http://www.statistics.gov.tl/category/publications/census-publications/2015-census-publications/ ''Census 2015''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Populasaun'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2909 &lt;small&gt;(tinan 2022)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot;&gt;Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste: [https://inetl-ip.gov.tl/2023/05/18/main-report-timor-leste-population-and-housing-census-2022/ ''Final Main Report Census 2022''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Xefe Suku'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Luís Soares Goncalves&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Eleisaun 2009)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.stae.tl/elections/2009/community/results/ Secretariado Técnico de Administração Eleitoral STAE: Eleições para Liderança Comunitária 2009 – Resultados]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

'''Meligo''' (iha [[lia-portugés]]: ''Meligo'') suku ida iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]]. Suku ne'e iha postu administrativu [[Kailaku (postu administrativu)|Kailaku]] (munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaru]]). Iha tinan 2022 total populasaun hamutuk 2909.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot; /&gt; Área 42,82 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2015&quot; /&gt;

Suku Meligo iha aldeia rua mak hanesan: Berleu, Daulelo, Liabote, Mude.&lt;ref name=JdR&gt;[http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf Jornal da Républica mit dem Diploma Ministerial n.° 199/09] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} (Portugiesisch; PDF; 323 kB)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
* [http://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bobonaro-meligo-fo-fila-fali-Tetun-FINAL.pdf Sensus Fo Fila Fali 2010] ([[Tetun]]; PDF; 8,6 MB)
* Seeds of Life: [https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B13RUdSV85KfOE82NmxwVFZfYTg&amp;usp=sharing&amp;tid=0B13RUdSV85KfU0tDQ2ctV09Eb1U Suco information sheets Cailaco] (Tetun)

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Suku Kailaku postu administrativu}}

[[Kategoria:Bobonaru (munisípiu)]]
[[Kategoria:Suku Timor-Leste nian]]</text>
      <sha1>99an9sveprei3pgaxd6nvy5ugz09r6o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74741</id>
      <parentid>74740</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T08:41:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>74741</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2309" sha1="jw5iziyd5nvj909fw4wuo83yrghonco" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable float-right&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;
| border=&quot;1&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=center style=&quot;background:#000000; color:white&quot; |'''Meligo'''
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Imajen:2021-03-31 Meligo.jpg|300px|Vizaun husi norte. Iha Lesululi nia kotuk mosu Leolaco]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Imajen:Meligo suco.png|300px]]
|-
| '''Área'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |42,82 km²&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2015&quot;&gt;[[Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste|Direcção-Geral de Estatística]]: [http://www.statistics.gov.tl/category/publications/census-publications/2015-census-publications/ ''Census 2015''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Populasaun'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2909 &lt;small&gt;(tinan 2022)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot;&gt;Institutu Nasionál Estatístika Timor-Leste: [https://inetl-ip.gov.tl/2023/05/18/main-report-timor-leste-population-and-housing-census-2022/ ''Final Main Report Census 2022''].&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''Xefe Suku'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |Duarte Pereira Soares&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Eleisaun 2023)&lt;/small&gt;
|}

'''Meligo''' (iha [[lia-portugés]]: ''Meligo'') suku ida iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]]. Suku ne'e iha postu administrativu [[Kailaku (postu administrativu)|Kailaku]] (munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaru]]). Iha tinan 2022 total populasaun hamutuk 2909.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2022&quot; /&gt; Área 42,82 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;Cen2015&quot; /&gt;

Suku Meligo iha aldeia rua mak hanesan: Berleu, Daulelo, Liabote, Mude.&lt;ref name=JdR&gt;[http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf Jornal da Républica mit dem Diploma Ministerial n.° 199/09] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203110707/http://www.jornal.gov.tl/public/docs/2009/serie_1/serie1_no33.pdf |date=2010-02-03 }} (Portugiesisch; PDF; 323 kB)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
* [http://www.mof.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bobonaro-meligo-fo-fila-fali-Tetun-FINAL.pdf Sensus Fo Fila Fali 2010] ([[Tetun]]; PDF; 8,6 MB)
* Seeds of Life: [https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B13RUdSV85KfOE82NmxwVFZfYTg&amp;usp=sharing&amp;tid=0B13RUdSV85KfU0tDQ2ctV09Eb1U Suco information sheets Cailaco] (Tetun)

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{Suku Kailaku postu administrativu}}

[[Kategoria:Bobonaru (munisípiu)]]
[[Kategoria:Suku Timor-Leste nian]]</text>
      <sha1>jw5iziyd5nvj909fw4wuo83yrghonco</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iktiosauru</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8920</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74719</id>
      <parentid>74683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T23:43:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>74719</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="5684" sha1="shidq791hmj23qgxfsl005oa8itt6d9" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristiku ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]

Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji baleia azul nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan ikan-belu, no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>shidq791hmj23qgxfsl005oa8itt6d9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74720</id>
      <parentid>74719</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T23:46:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>74720</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5758" sha1="2a7kxgb7rh9kyow4ebt5dn89m8kb5w0" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]].: [[Ictiossauro]], [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristiku ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]

Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji baleia azul nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan ikan-belu, no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <id>74721</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-14T23:47:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
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      <text bytes="5757" sha1="69keybbh1805zss17168j51x1ryrjo3" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristiku ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]

Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji baleia azul nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan ikan-belu, no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>74722</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-15T05:21:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
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      <text bytes="5761" sha1="3v4gveyeljbm22ykdp3wyb1gmv8bucg" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristiku ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]

Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan ikan-belu, no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>3v4gveyeljbm22ykdp3wyb1gmv8bucg</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Karakteristiku */</comment>
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      <text bytes="8379" sha1="fus977vik4rk2i67ovzn0p342n7b8og" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karakteristiku ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]

Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Ichthyosaurs labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>fus977vik4rk2i67ovzn0p342n7b8og</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74725</id>
      <parentid>74723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T06:13:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>74725</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9104" sha1="dif618e334l3cnrfmv3ir0n69mkq9zh" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru la'ós dinosauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diverje hosi dinosauru sira no réptil modernu sira iha faze inisiál.

* '''Reptilia'''
** [[Parareptilia]]
** [[*Diapsida]]
*** [[*Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[*Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Ichthyopterygia'''
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]] ([[Lafaek]], [[Dinosauru]], [[Manu]])

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>dif618e334l3cnrfmv3ir0n69mkq9zh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74726</id>
      <parentid>74725</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9103" sha1="rcszwnemnznvmin9ztot9no6r20pd04" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru la'ós dinosauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diverje hosi dinosauru sira no réptil modernu sira iha faze inisiál.

* '''Reptilia'''
** [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[*Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[*Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Ichthyopterygia'''
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]] ([[Lafaek]], [[Dinosauru]], [[Manu]])

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>rcszwnemnznvmin9ztot9no6r20pd04</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sistemátika */</comment>
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      <text bytes="9779" sha1="ff4pp51tp7k49tt0ls5cditk90ljfah" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru la'ós dinosauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diverje hosi dinosauru sira no réptil modernu sira iha faze inisiál.

* '''Reptilia'''
** [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Ichthyopterygia'''
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* Avesuchia
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[ArkosauruOrnithodira ]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** [[Ornithodira]]
*********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
*********** [[Dinosauromorpha]]
************ † Lagerpeton
************ [[Dinosauriformes]]
************* † Marasuchus
************* [[Dinosauru inklui [[Manu]])

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>ff4pp51tp7k49tt0ls5cditk90ljfah</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74728</id>
      <parentid>74727</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T07:14:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sistemátika */</comment>
      <origin>74728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9766" sha1="kfstbqhlh4c77uytfle2n33uqzkuwgz" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru la'ós dinosauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diverje hosi dinosauru sira no réptil modernu sira iha faze inisiál.

* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>kfstbqhlh4c77uytfle2n33uqzkuwgz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74731</id>
      <parentid>74728</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T07:25:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sistemátika */</comment>
      <origin>74731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9753" sha1="5gcr34jquxy5y2dz9cj3ossuaz8d419" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru sira la'ós dinozauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diferente hosi dinozauru sira no réptil sira seluk.

* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>5gcr34jquxy5y2dz9cj3ossuaz8d419</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74732</id>
      <parentid>74731</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T07:29:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sistemátika */</comment>
      <origin>74732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9757" sha1="jxx365wlmvatibbcfuopbnt61cdpg8u" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru sira la'ós dinozauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diferente hosi dinozauru sira no réptil sira seluk.

* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** † [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>jxx365wlmvatibbcfuopbnt61cdpg8u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74734</id>
      <parentid>74732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-15T07:40:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sistemátika */</comment>
      <origin>74734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9599" sha1="ezgljjbljlvkgr8vcdb19yxxizha6qp" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá, bainhira nível [[oksijéniu]] iha tasi tun. Eventu ida-ne'e hanaran [[eventu anóksiku oseániku]].

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru sira la'ós dinozauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diferente hosi dinozauru sira no réptil sira seluk.

* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** † [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Lenuk]] (Testudinata)
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** [[Sauria sensu]]
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]]), inklui [[Teki liras]], [[Teki]], [[Mamór]], [[Samea]] no [[Lafaek rai-mara]]
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <id>74735</id>
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        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
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      <text bytes="11998" sha1="at6xid8gsnierutc02gairrxzsevqer" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá.

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
Iktiosauru sira la'ós dinozauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diferente hosi dinozauru sira no réptil sira seluk.

* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** † [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Lenuk]] (Testudinata)
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** [[Sauria sensu]]
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]]), inklui [[Teki liras]], [[Teki]], [[Mamór]], [[Samea]] no [[Lafaek rai-mara]]
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Karakteristiku ==
Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Estinsaun==

Iktiosauru sai estintu iha faze rua. Iha inísiu [[Cenomanian]] nian (maizumenus tinan 100.5 to'o maizumenus tinan millaun 93.9 liubá), espesialista sira ba presa ne'ebé kmaan no omnívoru sira mate hotu. Predadór sira de'it maka hela.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Bardet|first2=N.|last3=Benson|first3=R. B. J.|last4=Arkhangelsky|first4=M. S.|last5=Friedman|first5=M.|title=Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility|journal=Nature Communications|volume=7|date=2016-03-08|article-number=10825|doi=10.1038/ncomms10825|pmid=26953824|pmc=4786747|bibcode=2016NatCo...710825F}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha períodu Cenomanian nia rohan, konteúdu oksijéniu iha tasi sira tun maka'as. Eventu ida-ne'e koñesidu hanesan [[eventu anoxia oseánika]]. ''[[Platypterygius hercynicus]]'' de'it maka moris iha eventu ne'e, maibé nia mós ikusmai sai estintu iha tinan millaun 93 liubá.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Maisch|first2=M.W.|last3=Naish|first3=D.|last4=Kosma|first4=R.|last5=Liston|first5=J.|last6=Joger|first6=U.|last7=Krüger|first7=F.J.|last8=Pardo Pérez|first8=J.|last9=Tainsh|first9=J.|last10=Appleby|first10=R.M.|year=2012|title=New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=1|article-number=e29234|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0029234|pmid=22235274|pmc=3250416|bibcode=2012PLoSO...729234F|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Razaun sira ba estinsaun inklui mudansa sira iha ambiente no klima.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/2012/01/03/cretaceous-ichthyosaur-revolution-part-i/|title='Rigid Swimmer' and the Cretaceous Ichthyosaur Revolution (part I)|journal=Cretaceous Research|date=2011|volume=32|pages=155–163|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Clément|first2=A.|last3=Guiomar|first3=M.|last4=Godefroit|first4=P.|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2010.11.005|hdl=2268/79923|s2cid=45794618|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kompetisaun husi grupu animál sira seluk provavelmente ladún sai razaun ida. Mudansa ekolojia sira afeta padraun migrasaun, disponibilidade ai-han, no fatin sira ba desova. Períodu ida-ne'e mós haree estinsaun ba animál tasi nian barak seluk, hanesan mikroplankton, amonita, belemnita, no bivalve sira ne'ebé harii tasi-ibun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot; /&gt; 

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <id>74736</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12786" sha1="29g10j1diy88yuas8izx9as7orr9wkl" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá.

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]

Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurus BW.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Ichthyosaurus communis'', Jurásiku uluk nian iha [[Inglaterra]]]]
[[Imajen:Caypullisaurus Dak1.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Caypullisaurus'' hetan ataka husi crocodylomorphoo ''Dakosaurus'']]
[[Imajen:Ophthalmosaurus icenicus updated reconstruction.png|miniaturadaimagem|''Ophthalmosaurus'']]

Iktiosauru sira la'ós dinozauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diferente hosi dinozauru sira no réptil sira seluk.

* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** † [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Lenuk]] (Testudinata)
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** [[Sauria sensu]]
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]]), inklui [[Teki liras]], [[Teki]], [[Mamór]], [[Samea]] no [[Lafaek rai-mara]]
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Karakteristiku ==
[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]
[[Imajen:Ichthyosaur paddle 1.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Iktiosauru nia liman (Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre)]]
[[Imajen:Hul - Ophthalmosaurus icenius 3.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Iha liman ida-ne'e hosi ''Ophthalmosaurus'' icenius, liña adisionál ida hosi elementu sira iha leten dezenvolve ona, ne'ebé remata iha leten iha ruin liman-fuan nian ida iha kraik.]]

Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Estinsaun==
[[Imajen:Athabascasaurus bitumineus holotype.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Athabascasauru'']]

Iktiosauru sai estintu iha faze rua. Iha inísiu [[Cenomanian]] nian (maizumenus tinan 100.5 to'o maizumenus tinan millaun 93.9 liubá), espesialista sira ba presa ne'ebé kmaan no omnívoru sira mate hotu. Predadór sira de'it maka hela.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Bardet|first2=N.|last3=Benson|first3=R. B. J.|last4=Arkhangelsky|first4=M. S.|last5=Friedman|first5=M.|title=Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility|journal=Nature Communications|volume=7|date=2016-03-08|article-number=10825|doi=10.1038/ncomms10825|pmid=26953824|pmc=4786747|bibcode=2016NatCo...710825F}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha períodu Cenomanian nia rohan, konteúdu oksijéniu iha tasi sira tun maka'as. Eventu ida-ne'e koñesidu hanesan [[eventu anoxia oseánika]]. ''[[Platypterygius hercynicus]]'' de'it maka moris iha eventu ne'e, maibé nia mós ikusmai sai estintu iha tinan millaun 93 liubá.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Maisch|first2=M.W.|last3=Naish|first3=D.|last4=Kosma|first4=R.|last5=Liston|first5=J.|last6=Joger|first6=U.|last7=Krüger|first7=F.J.|last8=Pardo Pérez|first8=J.|last9=Tainsh|first9=J.|last10=Appleby|first10=R.M.|year=2012|title=New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=1|article-number=e29234|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0029234|pmid=22235274|pmc=3250416|bibcode=2012PLoSO...729234F|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Razaun sira ba estinsaun inklui mudansa sira iha ambiente no klima.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/2012/01/03/cretaceous-ichthyosaur-revolution-part-i/|title='Rigid Swimmer' and the Cretaceous Ichthyosaur Revolution (part I)|journal=Cretaceous Research|date=2011|volume=32|pages=155–163|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Clément|first2=A.|last3=Guiomar|first3=M.|last4=Godefroit|first4=P.|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2010.11.005|hdl=2268/79923|s2cid=45794618|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kompetisaun husi grupu animál sira seluk provavelmente ladún sai razaun ida. Mudansa ekolojia sira afeta padraun migrasaun, disponibilidade ai-han, no fatin sira ba desova. Períodu ida-ne'e mós haree estinsaun ba animál tasi nian barak seluk, hanesan mikroplankton, amonita, belemnita, no bivalve sira ne'ebé harii tasi-ibun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot; /&gt; 

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>29g10j1diy88yuas8izx9as7orr9wkl</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>74737</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-15T08:31:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Sistemátika */</comment>
      <origin>74737</origin>
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      <text bytes="12774" sha1="2h8wp5usxudgxl0xuylogomc5qs8q5c" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Shastasaurus2DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun husi Shastasaurus ida, ne'ebé pertense ba Iktiosauru.]]

'''Iktiosauru''' ([[Lia-portugés]]: ''Ictiossauro'', [[Lia-inglés]]: ''Ichthyosauria'', [[Lia-latin]]: ''Ichthyopterygia'') sira maka grupu ida hosi réptil sira ne'ebé mate ona hosi Era [[Mezozóiku]]. Sira adapta kompletamente ba moris akuátiku no moris eskluzivamente iha tasi. Maizumenus espésie ualu-nulu maka deskreve ona. Iktiosauru dahuluk mosu iha tinan millaun 250 liubá iha períodu [[Triásiku]]. Ida ikus mate iha períodu [[Cenomanian]] nia rohan, tinan millaun 93 liubá.

[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Deskoberta fosil Iktiosauru iha [[Lesululi]]]]

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira hosi Iktiosauru ida hetan iha foho [[Lesululi]] (suco [[Meligo]], munisípiu [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|Bobonaro]]) iha [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', 19. Oktober 2024], abgerufen am 19. Oktober 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Ida-ne'e kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco'']. 2026-04-09, TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste.&lt;/ref&gt; no hanesan deskoberta dahuluk hosi iktiosauru ida iha súl hosi [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran nia orijen ==
[[Imajen:Stenopterygius quadriscissus.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil husi Stenopterygius quadriscissus iha Aquazoo – Muzeu Löbbecke]]

Iktiosauru mai hosi lian Gregu antigu no signifika lagartu ikan (ἰχθύς ichthys ‘ikan’ no σαῦρος sauros ‘lagartu’). Iktiosauru inklui forma hotu-hotu ne'ebé maka iha relasaun besik liu ho [[Ikthyosaurus]] duké ho [[Grippia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190205085011/http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/note.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Note], University of California, Berkeley&lt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sistemátika ==
[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurus BW.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Ichthyosaurus communis'', Jurásiku uluk nian iha [[Inglaterra]]]]
[[Imajen:Caypullisaurus Dak1.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Caypullisaurus'' hetan ataka husi crocodylomorphoo ''Dakosaurus'']]
[[Imajen:Platypterigius longmani DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Platypterigius australis'']]

Iktiosauru sira la'ós dinozauru sira. Sira nia bei'ala sira diferente hosi dinozauru sira no réptil sira seluk.

* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** † [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Lenuk]] (Testudinata)
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** [[Sauria sensu]]
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]]), inklui [[Teki liras]], [[Teki]], [[Mamór]], [[Samea]] no [[Lafaek rai-mara]]
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Karakteristiku ==
[[Imajen:Hul - Temnodontosaurus platyodon 2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Temnodontosaurus]] iha matan boot liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé koñesidu, ne'ebé indika kapasidade mergulhu ne'ebé di'ak.]]
[[Imajen:Ichthyosaur paddle 1.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Iktiosauru nia liman (Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre)]]
[[Imajen:Hul - Ophthalmosaurus icenius 3.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Iha liman ida-ne'e hosi ''Ophthalmosaurus'' icenius, liña adisionál ida hosi elementu sira iha leten dezenvolve ona, ne'ebé remata iha leten iha ruin liman-fuan nian ida iha kraik.]]

Iktiosauru sira maka reptil sira no uluk pertense ba vertebradu rai-maran sira. Maibé, sira nia bei-ala sira fila fali ba bee. Sira nia sintu oklu nian la fuze ba kakutak hanesan iha ikan, no sira nia aleta sira iha ruin liman-fuan leten no kraik ne'ebé bele distinge, ruin karpál, no ruin liman-fuan nian. Hanesan réptil diápsidu sira seluk, sira iha fenestra kraniál, fenestra temporál superiór. Fenestra temporál inferiór sira ne'ebé prezente iha diápsida sira seluk taka sekundáriamente.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motanis notes&quot; /&gt;

Iktiosauru bele sai naruk to'o metru ida (Mixosaurus) ka liu metru ruanulu (Shonisaurus). Fragmentu ruin ida ne'ebé deskobre iha tinan 2016 iha Triásiku Superiór hosi [[Lilstock]], Inglaterra, identifika hanesan parte hosi kidun kraik hosi Iktiosauru boot ida. Komprimentu totál hosi animál ne'ebé ruin ne'e pertense ba hetan estimasaun ho kuidadu maizumenus metru 20 to'o 25 iha publikasaun ida iha tinan 2018 uza métodu komparativu oioin, signifika katak Iktiosauru boot liu atinji [[baleia azul]] nia naruk.&lt;ref&gt;Dean R. Lomax, Paul De la Salle, Judy A. Massare, Ramues Gallois: ''A giant Late Triassic ichthyosaur from the UK and a reinterpretation of the Aust Cliff ‘dinosaurian’ bones'', p. e0194742, PLOS ONE, vol. 13, no. 4, 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194742.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iktiosauru hotu-hotu iha liman-ain hanesan aleta. Hirak-ne'e muda maka'as iha tempu hodi adapta ba sira nia ambiente akuátiku. Ruin sira hosi ain-fuan sira sai badak no luan nu'udar rezultadu hosi [[evolusaun]]. Iha tempu hanesan, númeru ruin liman-fuan nian aumenta. Depois liman-fuan dahuluk hosi liman-fuan lima (ne'ebé koresponde ba ema nia liman-fuan boot) lakon. Hafoin, númeru liman-fuan sira nian aumenta iha liman-fuan sira seluk nia sorin rua. Ain-fuan sira iha oin provavelmente uza de'it ba diresaun no muda diresaun, enkuantu propulsaun iha forma primitivu sira maka hamosu hosi movimentu isin nian ne'ebé maka hanesan [[ikan-belu]], no iha forma avansadu liu hosi baku sira iha ikun-ikun. [[Paleontólogu]] balu mós sujere propulsaun liuhosi liman-ain sira, maibé sintu oklu nian hosi iktiosauru sira ladún forte, tanba fraku liu duké vertebradu sira ne'ebé movimenta ho maneira ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Forefin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102115429/https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sira nia matan boot tebes no sira bele haree di'ak tebes iha nakukun laran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani: ''Räuber im Jurameer.'' Spektrum der Wissenschaft Dossier 1/05: ''Tiere der Urzeit.'' p. 24–31, ISSN 0947-7934.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho sira nia matan ne'ebé boot, sira bele buka ai-han iha tasi nia klean.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diving Behaviors of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diving.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dieta husi Iktiosauru avansadu balu hatene husi sira nia balada nia ruin ne'ebé hetan iha sira nia estómagu. Liuliu, kail sira iha [[belemnites]] nia tentakulu no [[ikan]] nia eskala sira prezerva ona. Iktiosauru ne'ebé boot tebes, hanesan [[Temnodontosaurus]] ho naruk metru sanulu, mós han vertebradu sira seluk. Iha fósil ida hosi Kretáseu Tarde [[Austrália]] nian, hetan [[lenuk]] joven barak no [[manu]] ida iha área estómagu nian.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/forefin.html Ryosuke Motanis Ichthyosaur Page – Diets of Ichthyosaurs] {{Webarchive|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/people/motani/ichthyo/diet.html |date=2018-01-02 }}, University of California, Berkeley.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;&gt;Michael J. Benton: ''Paläontologie der Wirbeltiere.''. p. 263f., 3. Aufl., Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2007, ISBN 3-89937-072-4.&lt;/ref&gt; Forma sira tuirmai, hanesan Ophthalmosaurus, iha kidan badak no maka'as, nehan ne'ebé mamuk, no provavelmente han animál sira ho kulit toos hanesan [[molusku]] ka [[ammonita]]. Ammonita sira ne'e kaer antes atu ko'us, no koncha sira soe sai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis, Seite 87&quot;&gt;Richard Ellis: ''Sea Dragons.'', p. 87, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence KS 2003, ISBN 0-7006-1269-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reprodusaun ==
[[Imajen:Maiaspondylus.png|miniaturadaimagem|Restaurasaun moris husi feto ''[[Maiaspondylus]]'' ne'ebé partu]]

Iktiosauru labele ona rasta ba rai no tau oan sira. Sira maka vivipar no provavelmente mai hosi bei'ala sira ne'ebé moris.&lt;ref name=&quot;Motani etal.&quot;&gt;Ryosuke Motani, Da-Yong Jiang, Andrea Tintori, Olivier Rieppel, Guan-Bao Chen: ''Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils.'' PLoS ONE. Vol.&amp;nbsp;9, No.&amp;nbsp;2, 2014, e88640, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640.&lt;/ref&gt; Hetan ona fósil liu 50, balun iha oan to'o sanulu-resin-ida iha inan nia ruin-kotuk. Hanesan ho [[golfinu]] sira, oan sira moris ho ikun uluk, hodi permite sira atu to'o lalais iha superfísie hodi dada iis dahuluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Benton&quot;/&gt;

== Estinsaun==
[[Imajen:Athabascasaurus bitumineus holotype.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Athabascasauru'']]

Iktiosauru sai estintu iha faze rua. Iha inísiu [[Cenomanian]] nian (maizumenus tinan 100.5 to'o maizumenus tinan millaun 93.9 liubá), espesialista sira ba presa ne'ebé kmaan no omnívoru sira mate hotu. Predadór sira de'it maka hela.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Bardet|first2=N.|last3=Benson|first3=R. B. J.|last4=Arkhangelsky|first4=M. S.|last5=Friedman|first5=M.|title=Extinction of fish-shaped marine reptiles associated with reduced evolutionary rates and global environmental volatility|journal=Nature Communications|volume=7|date=2016-03-08|article-number=10825|doi=10.1038/ncomms10825|pmid=26953824|pmc=4786747|bibcode=2016NatCo...710825F}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha períodu Cenomanian nia rohan, konteúdu oksijéniu iha tasi sira tun maka'as. Eventu ida-ne'e koñesidu hanesan [[eventu anoxia oseánika]]. ''[[Platypterygius hercynicus]]'' de'it maka moris iha eventu ne'e, maibé nia mós ikusmai sai estintu iha tinan millaun 93 liubá.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Maisch|first2=M.W.|last3=Naish|first3=D.|last4=Kosma|first4=R.|last5=Liston|first5=J.|last6=Joger|first6=U.|last7=Krüger|first7=F.J.|last8=Pardo Pérez|first8=J.|last9=Tainsh|first9=J.|last10=Appleby|first10=R.M.|year=2012|title=New Ophthalmosaurid Ichthyosaurs from the European Lower Cretaceous Demonstrate Extensive Ichthyosaur Survival across the Jurassic–Cretaceous Boundary|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=1|article-number=e29234|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0029234|pmid=22235274|pmc=3250416|bibcode=2012PLoSO...729234F|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Razaun sira ba estinsaun inklui mudansa sira iha ambiente no klima.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/2012/01/03/cretaceous-ichthyosaur-revolution-part-i/|title='Rigid Swimmer' and the Cretaceous Ichthyosaur Revolution (part I)|journal=Cretaceous Research|date=2011|volume=32|pages=155–163|last1=Fischer|first1=V.|last2=Clément|first2=A.|last3=Guiomar|first3=M.|last4=Godefroit|first4=P.|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2010.11.005|hdl=2268/79923|s2cid=45794618|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kompetisaun husi grupu animál sira seluk provavelmente ladún sai razaun ida. Mudansa ekolojia sira afeta padraun migrasaun, disponibilidade ai-han, no fatin sira ba desova. Períodu ida-ne'e mós haree estinsaun ba animál tasi nian barak seluk, hanesan mikroplankton, amonita, belemnita, no bivalve sira ne'ebé harii tasi-ibun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fischer2016&quot; /&gt; 

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Ichthyosauria|Iktiosauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>2h8wp5usxudgxl0xuylogomc5qs8q5c</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lesululi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8924</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74707</id>
      <parentid>74698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T13:45:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>74707</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3969" sha1="ma2lstdbxr2gcmsll0v8nk1lhbzkx8r" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:2022-08-29 Poerema, Cailaco.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Lesululi hanesan haree hosi Poerema (husi parte súl)]]
[[Imajen:2021-03-31 Meligo.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Vizaun husi norte. Iha Lesululi nia kotuk mosu Leolaco]]
[[Imajen:Ichthyosaurier am Lesululi 1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Fósil sira Ichthyosaur nian iha Lesululi]]

'''Foho Lesululi''' maka foho ida iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]] nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;PV&quot;&gt;Peakvisor: [https://peakvisor.com/peak/foho-lesoluli.html ''Foho Lesoluli''].&lt;/ref&gt; Nia hela iha parte leste husi suku [[Meligo]] (distritu administrativu [[Kailaku (postu administrativu)|Kailaku]] nian), iha fronteira entre aldeias [[Mude (Meligo)|Mude]] no [[Liabote]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlas Bobonaro&quot;&gt;Direcção-Geral de Estatística: [https://www.statistics.gov.tl/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Bobonaro_Aldeia_AtlasCont-x-7.pdf ''Atlas munisípiu Bobonaro nian''].&lt;/ref&gt; Kilómetru ida ba lorosa'e maka [[Foho Leolaco]] (Lesoluli) ho aas 1913 m, ho [[Foho Mude]] (1088 m) iha entre.&lt;ref name=&quot;PV&quot; /&gt; Povoasaun [[Poerema]] (suku [[Goulolo (Kailaku)|Goulolo]]) hela entre foho sira. Liu tan ba parte oeste mak povoasaun [[Lesuaben]] no [[Baleo]] (suku Meligo).&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlas Bobonaro&quot; /&gt; Kilómetru tolu ba parte leste suli [[Rio Marobo|Marobo]] (lokálmente hanaran Aitasio), ne'ebé forma bacia norte-súl to'o Lesululi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fatus&quot;&gt;Aaron Benincasa: [https://api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/5338890/Benincasa_Aaron_2015.pdf ''The 'fatus' of East Timor: stratigraphy and structure''].&lt;/ref&gt;

Foho ne'e iha forma kuaze triangular no oin norte ne'ebé nakloke uitoan, maibé fatuk-kuak aas iha nia ninin súl no oeste. Ninia simeira lokaliza iha parte leste foho nian, ne'ebé naruk maizumenus kilómetru 2,5 hosi oeste ba leste, iha aldeia Liabote, no iha elevasaun metru 1242.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fatus&quot; /&gt;

Iha tinan 2021, fósil sira husi [[iktiosauru]] ida hetan iha foho Lesululi.&lt;ref&gt;IGTL - Instituto de Geociências de Timor-Leste: [https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122217410630066492&amp;set=a.122117862176066492 ''𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚çã𝐨 𝐛𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐡𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐨, 𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜í𝐩𝐢𝐨 𝐁𝐨𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐨, 𝐬𝐨𝐛𝐫𝐞 𝐟ó𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐫é𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐡𝐨𝐬 (𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐭𝐡𝐲𝐨𝐬𝐚𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬)'', Loron 19 fulan-Outubru tinan 2024].&lt;/ref&gt; Sira kalkula katak iha tinan millaun 208&lt;ref&gt;Filomeno Martins: [https://en.tatoli.tl/2026/04/09/president-ramos-horta-visits-208-million-year-old-ichthyosaurus-fossil-in-cailaco/10/ ''President Ramos-Horta visits 208-million-year-old Ichthyosaurus fossil in Cailaco''], TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste, Loron 9 fulan-Abril tinan 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; no maka fósil iktiosauru dahuluk ne'ebé hetan iha súl [[liña ekuadór]].&lt;ref&gt;Arminda Fonseca Pinto: [https://tatoli.tl/2026/08/08/xanana-halao-vizita-haree-direta-fosil-iktosauru-iha-foho-lesululi-kailaku/ ''Xanana hala’o vizita-haree direta Fósil Iktosauru iha Foho Lesululi Kailaku''], Tatoli.&lt;/ref&gt; Ho naruk metru 25, animál ne'e fiar katak hanesan entre iktiosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu ne'ebé koñesidu. Iha fatin hanesan, ruin liras [[pterosauru]] nian mós deskobre iha fulan-Jullu 2026. Tanba fósil sira-ne'e, iha esforsu sira ne'ebé hala'o hela atu dezigna área ne'e hanesan [[Jeoparke Globál UNESCO]] nian.&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Lesululi|Lesululi}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Foho Timór Lorosa'e]]</text>
      <sha1>ma2lstdbxr2gcmsll0v8nk1lhbzkx8r</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pterosauru</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74703</id>
      <parentid>74701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T12:23:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>74703</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11424" sha1="b6crihi0zr8sorfpcdja29y87ncc8y4" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[Ornithodira]] iha [[Archosauria]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha baliza [[Kretáseu]]-[[Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|left|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]], prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="13027" sha1="3xihkzbkjwefo2q9gbkxlzim1trc02z" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[Ornithodira]] iha [[Archosauria]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha baliza [[Kretáseu]]-[[Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]], prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <id>74705</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-14T13:03:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira */</comment>
      <origin>74705</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="13095" sha1="b6yt5vdclxpts6kl2q7g1k0lc0fof9m" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[Ornithodira]] iha [[Archosauria]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha baliza [[Kretáseu]]-[[Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]], prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Dimorphodon.png|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira */</comment>
      <origin>74706</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="14688" sha1="e3627fbs70jqx47g3c1m28abkwyoyyj" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[Ornithodira]] iha [[Archosauria]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha baliza [[Kretáseu]]-[[Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]], prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
Pterosauru sira mai hosi [[arkosauru]] sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi [[krokodil]] no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak Azteca Quetzalcoatl) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Dimorphodon.png|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
AnurognathusDB.jpg|''[[Anurognathus]]''
Dorygn DB.jpg|''[[Dorygnathus]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16173" sha1="i4kji0wqwyd38j46cji9nkm7g9s4py4" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, asteróide ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]], prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[krokodil]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi krokodil no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak Azteca Quetzalcoatl) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Dimorphodon.png|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
AnurognathusDB.jpg|''[[Anurognathus]]''
Dorygn DB.jpg|''[[Dorygnathus]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16307" sha1="52dwicaaz14ee6h92jam1dvz3byizra" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, asteróide ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]] ([[Alemaña]]), prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Pterodactylus micronyx - IMG 0677.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterodactyloid joven husi [[Solnhofen]] (Alemaña)]]

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[krokodil]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi krokodil no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak Azteca Quetzalcoatl) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Dimorphodon.png|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
AnurognathusDB.jpg|''[[Anurognathus]]''
Dorygn DB.jpg|''[[Dorygnathus]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16311" sha1="1w6lbutpyh6xin0pc5mkyzd4nh9kq90" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, asteróide ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]] ([[Alemaña]]), prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Pterodactylus micronyx - IMG 0677.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Pterodactyloid]] joven husi [[Solnhofen]] (Alemaña)]]

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[krokodil]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi krokodil no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak Azteca Quetzalcoatl) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Dimorphodon.png|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
AnurognathusDB.jpg|''[[Anurognathus]]''
Dorygn DB.jpg|''[[Dorygnathus]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16315" sha1="muww1qtmgpend6ngknf9a2ozxkn6pxb" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, [[asteróide]] ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]] ([[Alemaña]]), prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Pterodactylus micronyx - IMG 0677.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Pterodactyloid]] joven husi [[Solnhofen]] (Alemaña)]]

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[krokodil]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi krokodil no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak Azteca Quetzalcoatl) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Dimorphodon.png|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
AnurognathusDB.jpg|''[[Anurognathus]]''
Dorygn DB.jpg|''[[Dorygnathus]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="16311" sha1="gi6t18jss7pkusfh54mzk9t7qv89wxw" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, [[asteróide]] ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]] ([[Alemaña]]), prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Pterodactylus micronyx - IMG 0677.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Pterodactyloid]] joven husi [[Solnhofen]] (Alemaña)]]

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[lafaek]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi lafaek no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak Azteca Quetzalcoatl) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Dimorphodon mount.jpg|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]].
Dimorphodon.png|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida
Quetzscale1.png|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida
AnurognathusDB.jpg|''[[Anurognathus]]''
Dorygn DB.jpg|''[[Dorygnathus]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;


== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17656" sha1="84acjt91hj1dpro4vxhxy4nondpi904" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, [[asteróide]] ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]] ([[Alemaña]]), prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Pterodactylus micronyx - IMG 0677.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Pterodactyloid]] joven husi [[Solnhofen]] (Alemaña)]]

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[lafaek]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
[[Imagem:Quetzscale1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida]]
[[Imagem:Dimorphodon mount.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]]]]
[[Imagem:Dimorphodon.png|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida]]
[[Imagem:AnurognathusDB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''[[Anurognathus]]'']]
[[Imagem:Dorygn DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''[[Dorygnathus]]'']]

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak [[Azteca]] [[Quetzalcoatl]]) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi lafaek no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

=== Sistemátika ===
* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † '''Iktiosauru''' (Ichthyopterygia)
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † [[Pterosauru]] (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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        <id>73</id>
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      <comment>/* Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira */</comment>
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      <text bytes="17656" sha1="h2o3t83tf4c4ri9417n0ukx34deh1no" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, [[asteróide]] ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]] ([[Alemaña]]), prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Pterodactylus micronyx - IMG 0677.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Pterodactyloid]] joven husi [[Solnhofen]] (Alemaña)]]

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[lafaek]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
[[Imagem:Quetzscale1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida]]
[[Imagem:Dimorphodon mount.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]]]]
[[Imagem:Dimorphodon.png|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida]]
[[Imagem:AnurognathusDB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''[[Anurognathus]]'']]
[[Imagem:Dorygn DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''[[Dorygnathus]]'']]

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak [[Azteca]] [[Quetzalcoatl]]) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi lafaek no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

=== Sistemátika ===
* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † [[Iktiosauru]] (Ichthyopterygia)
**** Sauria sensu&lt;ref&gt;Jacques A. Gauthier, Arnold G. Kluge, Timothy Rowe: ''The early evolution of the Amniota.'' p. 103–155, Michael J. Benton (publisher): ''The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods'', Vol. 1: amphibians, reptiles, birds. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1988.&lt;/ref&gt;
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]])
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † '''Pterosauru''' (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
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      <text bytes="17503" sha1="ttdlyaumf5abw15mghj1mkbjcy5wppp" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Pterosauria-collage-01.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosauru]]

'''Pterosauru''' sira maka reptil sira ne'ebé mate ona ne'ebé moris iha tempu hanesan ho [[dinozauru|dinosauru]] sira (dinosauru sira ne'ebé la'ós manu) no, hanesan dinosauru sira, pertense ba grupu [[ornithodira]] iha [[arkosauru]] nia laran. Sira maka vertebradu dahuluk sira ne'ebé bele semo ho ativu, tanba sira nia membrana boot, hanesan liras.

Fósil sira pterosauru nian ne'ebé uluk liu maka iha inísiu períodu [[Triásiku]] Tarde (Carnian), besik tinan millaun 228 liubá. Sira prezente iha Rai to'o estinsaun boot iha [[baliza Kretáseu-Paleojéniu]], besik tinan millaun 66 liubá. Iha tempu ne'ebá, [[asteróide]] ida kona Rai, no 75% hosi espésie animál no ai-horis sira sai estintu.

Iha fulan-Jullu 2026, ruin hosi liras pterosauru nian hetan deskoberta iha foho [[Lesululi]] iha [[Bobonaru (munisípiu)|munisípiu Bobonaru]], [[Timór Lorosa'e]].&lt;ref&gt;Afonso do Rosário, Isaura Lemos de Deus: [https://pt.tatoli.tl/2026/08/11/descoberta-de-fosseis-raros-reforca-potencial-geologico-de-timor-leste/ ''Descoberta de fósseis raros reforça potencial geológico de Timor-Leste |hrsg=TATOLI Agência Noticiosa de Timor-Leste''], Loron 11 fulan Agostu tinan 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estilu moris ==
=== Lokomosaun no habitat ===
[[Imajen:Anhanguera piscator jconway.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Anhanguera piscator]] husi períodu Kretáseu Inferiór provavelmente han ikan.]]

Oinsá maka pterosauru sira bele semo ho di'ak? Espésie ki'ik sira provavelmente bele semo ho ativu. Pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu iha períodu Kretáseu hanoin katak sira maka planeador sira. Ohin loron, [[manu-fuik]] boot sira presiza anin-sa'e atu hetan altitude. [[Albatros]] sira semo hasoru anin horizontál oioin hodi kobre distánsia ne'ebé dook ho gastu enerjia ne'ebé mínimu. Tanba pterosauru barak maka moris besik tasi, sira provavelmente uza téknika voo semo dinámiku ida-ne'e, hanesan albatros sira.

Atu semo, pterosauru sira provavelmente lansa sira-nia an hosi rai hanesan katapulta ida.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |date=16 November 2010 |title=Did giant pterosaurs vault aloft like vampire bats? |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19724-did-giant-pterosaurs-vault-aloft-like-vampire-bats.html |access-date=2 March 2012 |newspaper=NewScientist}}&lt;/ref&gt; Forsa boot tebes hosi sira nia ain-oin ne'ebé iha ala halo sira bele semo ho fasil.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iha voo, pterozauru sira bele atinji velosidade to'o 120 km/h no kobre kilómetru rihun sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;wittonhabibnews&quot; /&gt; Iha asumsaun katak espésie sira ho ulun boot hatudu sira nia liras ba oin hodi mantein di'ak liután ekilíbriu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The wingtips of the pterosaurs: Anatomy, aeronautical function and 3 ecological implications |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/10947/Hone%20The%20wingtips%20of%20the%20pterosaurs%202015%20Accepted.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |access-date=25 June 2022 |website=Qmro.qmul.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski maioria fósil pterosauru nian to'o agora mai hosi habitat sira besik bee-matan boot sira, agora laiha disputa katak espésie barak mós moris iha rai-laran, porezemplu iha ai-laran, foho sira, ka mezmu iha rai-maran sira. Fósil uitoan de'it maka eziste hosi área sira-ne'e tanba ruin mihis sira hosi pterosauru sira la prezerva ho di'ak iha ne'ebá.

[[Imajen:Life restoration of a group of giant azhdarchids, Quetzalcoatlus northropi, foraging on a Cretaceous fern prairie.png|miniaturadaimagem|Grupu ida husi [[Quetzalcoatlus]] la'o ho ain haat no buka hahán.]]

Tanba semo presiza enerjia barak, pterosauru sira provavelmente iha raan manas no barak liu taka ho fuuk. Hetan ona fósil sira ho imprime hanesan fuuk, hanesan sira hosi ''[[Sordes pilosus]]'' (&quot;Diabu ho fulun&quot;).

Pterosauru nia ain-kotuk sira maka'as, maibé ki'ik liu duké manu sira-nian.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 91, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; Ohin loron, ema hanoin katak pterosauru sira, hanesan morsa modernu sira, la'o ho ain no liman. Liras nia rohan sira kurva ba kotuk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20051109111824/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/dinosaur/Anhanguerastick.gif Modelu animadu husi ''Anhanguera santanae'' ne'ebé tama]&lt;/ref&gt; Hanoin katak membrana sira ala nian habelar ba ain kotuk sira. Estudu sira kona-ba ruin pélviku sira husi [[Anhanguera]] no [[Campylognathoides]] hatudu katak pterosauru sira labele tau sira nia ain kotuk vertikál iha sira nia isin okos,&lt;ref&gt;Peter Wellnhofer: ''An Illustrated Natural History of the Flying Reptiles of the Mesozoic Era'', p. 76–77 &amp; 126, Crescent Books 1991. ISBN 978-0-517-03701-0.&lt;/ref&gt; no katak pterosauru sira ne'ebé boot liu, liuliu, sei iha difikuldade boot atu movimenta de'it ho sira nia ain kotuk. Iha posibilidade katak espésie oioin movimenta ho maneira oioin iha rai. Espésie ki'ik sira hosi pterosauru ho ikun naruk bele movimenta ho sira nia ain kotuk, maibé pterosauru boot sira hosi Kretáseu Tarde provavelmente la'e. Tuir loloos, postura liman-ain ne'ebé hamriik loos bele sai jeneralizadu entre pterosauru sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.7717/peerj.1018|pmid=26157605|pmc=4476129|title=Were early pterosaurs inept terrestrial locomotors?|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|article-number=e1018|year=2015|last1=Witton|first1=Mark P.|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015PeerJ...3e1018W}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Lot Plage aux ptérosaures 7 traces Dimitri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Pterosaur fósil sira, Pterosaur Beach ([[Fransa]])]]

Agora deskobre ona pista pterosauru barak, ho marka karakterístika sira hosi ain-kotuk ho ain-fuan haat no ain-oin ho ain-fuan tolu. Ida-ne'e indika katak sira la'o ho liman-ain haat hotu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Padian K|title=Pterosaur Stance and Gait and the Interpretation of Trackways|journal=Ichnos|volume=10|issue=2–4|pages=115–26|year=2003|doi=10.1080/10420940390255501|bibcode=2003Ichno..10..115P|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/15320/files/PAL_E2625.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Hwang K, Huh M, Lockley MG, Unwin DM, Wright JL|title=New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea|journal=Geological Magazine|volume=139|issue=4|pages=421–35|year=2002|doi=10.1017/S0016756802006647|bibcode=2002GeoM..139..421H|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/28485}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira hamriik ho sira nia ain tomak iha rai, hanesan ho [[animál mamália]] barak (hanesan ema no [[ursu]] sira). Vestuáriu sira hosi azhdarchids no espésie oioin ne'ebé deskoñesidu hatudu katak pterosauru sira la'o iha postura ida ne'ebé loos, ho sira nia liman-ain haat ne'ebé kaer kuaze vertikál iha sira nia isin okos. Ida-ne'e maka postura ida ne'ebé efisiente iha enerjia, hanesan ho ida ne'ebé hetan iha maioria manu no mamíferu modernu sira, iha kontraste ho pozisaun liman-ain ne'ebé namkari hosi réptil modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;wittongrauniad2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=11 August 2013 |title=Why pterosaurs weren't so scary after all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/11/pterosaurs-fossils-research-mark-witton |access-date=12 August 2013 |work=The Observer newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maski sira tradisionalmente hatudu hanesan ema ne'ebé maka ladún di'ak no ladún di'ak iha rai, anatomia hosi pterosauru balu (liuliu pterodaktilóide sira) sujere katak sira maka ema ne'ebé la'o no halai ne'ebé ágil.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton&amp;naish20082&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Witton MP, Naish D|title=A reappraisal of azhdarchid pterosaur functional morphology and paleoecology|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=3|issue=5|article-number=e2271|year=2008|pmc=2386974|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0002271|pmid=18509539|editor1-last=McClain|editor1-first=Craig R.|bibcode=2008PLoSO...3.2271W|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru sira uluk konsidera kleur ona hanesan partikularmente todan atu movimenta tanba sira nia cruropatages ne'ebé boot (membrana ala nian entre sira nia ain kotuk), maibé sira mós parese movimenta ho efisiente iha rai iha jerál.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot; /&gt;

[[Imagem:Quetzscale1.png|miniaturadaimagem|Quetzalcoatlus, komparasaun ho medida]]

Vestuáriu sira hosi [[ctenochasmatoids]] indika katak pterosauru sira-ne'e nani uza sira nia liman-ain kotuk. Jeralmente, sira iha ain kotuk ne'ebé boot no isin-lolon ne'ebé naruk, sujere katak sira provavelmente adapta di'ak liu ba natasaun duké pterosauru sira seluk.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Witton |first=Mark |year=2013 |title=Pterosaurs: Natural History, Evolution, Anatomy|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-15061-1}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pteranodonts]], iha parte seluk, hatudu karakterístika espesífiku sira iha sira nia ruin úmeru nian ne'ebé maka interpreta hanesan evidénsia hosi variante akuátiku ida hosi dezlokasaun quadrupedal típiku. Aleinde ne'e, grupu balu, hanesan [[boreopterids]], tenke kaza sira nia balada liuhosi nani, tanba sira aparentemente labele kaza iha semo.&lt;ref name=&quot;witton2013&quot;/&gt; Adaptasaun sira hanesan ne'e mós hetan iha pterosauru terrestre sira hanesan [[azhdarchids]], ne'ebé provavelmente mós tenke bele sai hosi bee laran karik sira monu. [[Nyctosauridae|Nyctosaurid]] ''[[Alcione elainus]]'' bele iha adaptasaun ba mergulhu ho liras, hanesan ho manu modernu sira.&lt;ref name=&quot;longrichetal2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | last1 = Longrich | first1 = N.R. | last2 = Martill | first2 = D.M. | last3 = Andres | first3 = B. | year = 2018 | title = Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary | journal = PLOS Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 3| article-number = e2001663 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663 | pmid = 29534059 | pmc = 5849296 | doi-access = free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Quetzalcoatlus]] (ne'ebé hanaran tuir maromak [[Azteca]] [[Quetzalcoatl]]) karik iha liras nia naruk metru 10 to'o 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Spannweite&quot;&gt;Brian Andres, Wann Langston Jr.: ''Morphology and taxonomy of Quetzalcoatlus Lawson 1975 (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea)'', Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Vol. 41, 2021, p. 46–202, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1907587.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{Mark P. Witton, Michael B. Habib: ''On the Size and Flight Diversity of Giant Pterosaurs, the Use of Birds as Pterosaur Analogues and Comments on Pterosaur Flightlessness'', PLoS ONE, Vol. 5, No. 11, 2010, p. 1–18, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013982.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hatzegopteryx]] husi [[Roménia]] ho medida ne'ebé hanesan.&lt;ref name=&quot;10.7717/peerj.2908&quot;&gt;Darren Naish, Mark P. Witton: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170130110343/https://peerj.com/articles/2908.pdf|Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators]'', Jan. 2017, PeerJ, Vol. 27, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2908.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nutrisaun no reprodusaun ===
[[Imajen:Rhamphorhynchus munsteri.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Espesímen ida-ne'e (réplika fósil) hosi [[Rhamphorhynchus muensteri]], ne'ebé deskobre besik [[Eichstätt]] ([[Alemaña]]), prezerva ona impresaun sira hosi membrana ala nian.]]

Pterosauru sira provavelmente predadór no karnívoru hotu. Pterosauru ho ikun-naruk uluk nian buka liuliu invertebradu sira. Tuir mai, forma oioin mosu. Balun provavelmente kaza ikan, seluk vertebradu sira iha rai-maran. [[Dimorphodon]] provavelmente han vertebradu sira, [[Austriadactylus]] espesializadu iha invertebradu sira ho kulit toos, [[Coloborhynchus]] no [[Rhamphorhynchus]] han ikan sira, no [[Pterodactylus]] han invertebradu oioin.&lt;ref&gt;Jordan Bestwick, David M. Unwin, Richard J. Butler &amp; Mark A. Purnell: ''Dietary Diversity and Evolution of the earliest Flying Vertebrates revealed by Dental Microwear Texture Analysis'', Nature Communications 2020, 11, 5293. [[DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19022-2]].&lt;/ref&gt; Pterosauru ida ne'ebé ladún baibain hosi [[Amérika Súl]] ne'ebé hanaran [[Pterodaustro]] iha nehan ne'ebé naruk tebes no mihis tebes ne'ebé sai hanesan armadilha ikan nian. Nia uza sira-ne'e atu filtra tasi-been no han plankton, hanesan ho [[flamingo]] sira ohin-loron nian.

Pterozauru sira hetan kaza hosi dinosauru sira, [[tubaraun]] sira, no [[iktiosauru]] sira. Marka mordida nian iha eskeletu sira prova ida-ne'e.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Buffetaut E, Martill D, Escuillié F|title=Pterosaurs as part of a spinosaur diet|journal=Nature|volume=430|issue=6995|page=33|date=July 2004|pmid=15229562|doi=10.1038/430033a|bibcode=2004Natur.429...33B|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 3, 2018 |title=Prehistoric sharks feasted on flying reptiles, fossil reveals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003163916/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/10/news-sharks-eating-pterosaurs-fossils-cretaceous-paleontology/ |archive-date=October 3, 2018 |website=Science &amp; Innovation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Imajen:Pterodactylus micronyx - IMG 0677.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|[[Pterodactyloid]] joven husi [[Solnhofen]] (Alemaña)]]

Pterosauru sira, hanesan [[arkosauru]] sira hotu, maka animál sira ne'ebé tau oan. Relatóriu ida iha tinan 2004 deskreve ovo fosilizadu ida hosi períodu Kretáseu Inisiál, besik tinan millaun 121 liubá. Manu-tolun ne'e, ho medida hanesan manu-tolun, hetan iha Provínsia [[Liaoning]] (nordeste [[Xina]] nian). Iha ne'ebá iha eskeletu ida ne'ebé prezerva ho di'ak. Impresaun sira hosi embrio nia kulit no tesidu liras nian mós vizivel. Nia luan ho medida 27 sentímetru. Oan ne'ebé moris provavelmente mosu ho dezenvolvidu no lakleur bele fó han nia an rasik.&lt;ref&gt;Xiaolin Wang, Zhonghe Zhou: ''Palaeontology: Pterosaur embryo from the Early Cretaceous.'' In: ''[[Nature]].'' Vol. 429, No. 6992, 2004, p. 621, {{DOI|10.1038/429621a}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;David Michael Unwin, D. Charles Deeming: ''Prenatal development in pterosaurs and its implications for their postnatal locomotory ability.'' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2019; 286 (1904): 20190409 [[DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0409]].&lt;/ref&gt; Estrutura no kompozisaun kímika hosi pterosaur nia kulit sujere katak animál sira-ne'e provavelmente hakoi sira nia oan, hanesan [[lafaek]] no [[tarutu]] sira ohin-loron nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;grellet-tinneretal2007&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|vauthors=Grellet-Tinner G, Wroe S, Thompson MB, Ji Q|title=A note on pterosaur nesting behavior|journal=Historical Biology|volume=19|issue=4|pages=273–77|year=2007|doi=10.1080/08912960701189800|bibcode=2007HBio...19..273G}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha rai-fuik [[Atacama]] iha [[Xile]], hetan restu sira hosi pterozauru joven barak iha área ki'ik tebes, ne'ebé lori ba asumsaun katak espésie ida-ne'e moris iha grupu boot sira.

== Evolusaun husi pterozauru sira ==
[[Imagem:Dimorphodon mount.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Eskeletu rekonstruidu husi [[Dimorphodon]]]]
[[Imagem:Dimorphodon.png|miniaturadaimagem|Rekonstrusaun artístika husi Dimorphodon ​​ida]]
[[Imagem:AnurognathusDB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''[[Anurognathus]]'']]
[[Imagem:Dorygn DB.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''[[Dorygnathus]]'']]

Pterosauru sira mai hosi arkosauru sira uluk nian, ne'ebé maka mós bei'ala sira hosi lafaek no dinosauru sira. Evidénsia fósil ba liñajen pterosauru nian laiha, nune'e desendensia ida-ne'e bele estabelese de'it liuhosi komparasaun karakterístika sira. [[Plesiosauru]] sira, [[iktiosauru]] sira, [[lagartu]] sira, no [[samea]] sira diverje hosi [[réptil]] sira seluk antes arkosauru sira. [[Manu]] modernu sira la'ós mai hosi pterosauru sira; sira maka dinosauru úniku ne'ebé maka sei moris.

=== Sistemátika ===
* '''[[Réptil]]''' (Reptilia)
** † [[Parareptilia]]
** [[Diapsida]]
*** [[Lenuk]] (Testudinata)
*** [[Neodiapsida]]
**** † [[Younginiformes]]
**** † [[Iktiosauru]] (Ichthyopterygia)
**** [[Sauria sensu]]
***** [[Lepidosauromorpha]] ([[Squamates]], [[Tuataras]]), inklui [[Teki liras]], [[Teki]], [[Mamór]], [[Samea]] no [[Lafaek rai-mara]]
***** [[Archosauromorpha]]
****** [[Archosauriformes]]
******* † [[Proterosuchidae]]
******* † [[Erythrosuchidae]]
******* † [[Euparkeriidae]]
******* [[Avesuchia]]
******** † Turfanosuchus
******** † Proterochampsidae
******** [[Arkosauru]] (Archosauria)
********* [[Crurotarsi]]
********** † Phytosauridae
********** † Stagonolepididae
********** † Ornithosuchidae
********** † Rauisuchia
********** [[Crocodylomorpha]], inklui [[Lafaek]] (Crocodylia)
********* [[Ornithodira]]
********** † '''Pterosauru''' (Pterosauria)
********* [[Dinosauromorpha]]
*********** † Lagerpeton
*********** [[Dinosauriformes]]
************ † Marasuchus
************ [[Dinosauru]], inklui [[Manu]]

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Pterosauria|Pterozauru}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Zoolojia]]
[[Kategoria:Istória]]</text>
      <sha1>ttdlyaumf5abw15mghj1mkbjcy5wppp</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Liña ekuadór</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74716</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T23:37:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pájina foun: '[[Imajen:World map with equator.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Ekuadór iha mapa mundu nian lokaliza iha klaran entre Ártiku (iha norte, iha leten) no Antártiku (iha súl, iha kraik).]]  '''Ekuadór''' maka sírkulu latitude nian ne'ebé fahe Rai ba [[Hemisfériu]] Norte no Súl. Ida-ne'e maka liña imajináriu ida ne'ebé lokaliza iha 0 grau latitude, besik kilómetru 40,075 iha sirkunferénsia, ne'ebé lokaliza iha metade entre [[Pólu Norte]] no [[Pólu Súl]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Nationa...'</comment>
      <origin>74716</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1208" sha1="s4bd2s2k2viwduqqmoizmpaduncy904" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:World map with equator.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Ekuadór iha mapa mundu nian lokaliza iha klaran entre Ártiku (iha norte, iha leten) no Antártiku (iha súl, iha kraik).]]

'''Ekuadór''' maka sírkulu latitude nian ne'ebé fahe Rai ba [[Hemisfériu]] Norte no Súl. Ida-ne'e maka liña imajináriu ida ne'ebé lokaliza iha 0 grau latitude, besik kilómetru 40,075 iha sirkunferénsia, ne'ebé lokaliza iha metade entre [[Pólu Norte]] no [[Pólu Súl]].&lt;ref name=&quot;National&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/equator/|title=Equator|website=National Geographic - Education|date=6 September 2011|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=9 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509053220/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/equator/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Termu ne'e bele mós uza ba kualkér korpu selestiál seluk ne'ebé maizumenus esfériku.

Naran &quot;equator&quot; mai hosi lian Latin no signifika &quot;atu halo hanesan&quot;.

[[Timór Lorosa'e|Timor-Leste]] maka nasaun úniku iha Ázia ne'ebé hale'u tomak iha parte súl ekuadór nian.

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Equator|Ekuadór}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Jeografia]]</text>
      <sha1>s4bd2s2k2viwduqqmoizmpaduncy904</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>74717</id>
      <parentid>74716</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-14T23:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J. Patrick Fischer</username>
        <id>73</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Referensia */</comment>
      <origin>74717</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1216" sha1="3v9q7i3mv57tryxgyry75odlisvsq1y" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:World map with equator.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Ekuadór iha mapa mundu nian lokaliza iha klaran entre Ártiku (iha norte, iha leten) no Antártiku (iha súl, iha kraik).]]

'''Ekuadór''' maka sírkulu latitude nian ne'ebé fahe Rai ba [[Hemisfériu]] Norte no Súl. Ida-ne'e maka liña imajináriu ida ne'ebé lokaliza iha 0 grau latitude, besik kilómetru 40,075 iha sirkunferénsia, ne'ebé lokaliza iha metade entre [[Pólu Norte]] no [[Pólu Súl]].&lt;ref name=&quot;National&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/equator/|title=Equator|website=National Geographic - Education|date=6 September 2011|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=9 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509053220/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/equator/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Termu ne'e bele mós uza ba kualkér korpu selestiál seluk ne'ebé maizumenus esfériku.

Naran &quot;equator&quot; mai hosi lian Latin no signifika &quot;atu halo hanesan&quot;.

[[Timór Lorosa'e|Timor-Leste]] maka nasaun úniku iha Ázia ne'ebé hale'u tomak iha parte súl ekuadór nian.

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
{{Commons|Category:Equator|Ekuadór}}

== Referensia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Jeografia|ekuador]]</text>
      <sha1>3v9q7i3mv57tryxgyry75odlisvsq1y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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