Wiktionary thwiktionary https://th.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81 MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.21 case-sensitive สื่อ พิเศษ พูดคุย ผู้ใช้ คุยกับผู้ใช้ วิกิพจนานุกรม คุยเรื่องวิกิพจนานุกรม ไฟล์ คุยเรื่องไฟล์ มีเดียวิกิ คุยเรื่องมีเดียวิกิ แม่แบบ คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ วิธีใช้ คุยเรื่องวิธีใช้ หมวดหมู่ คุยเรื่องหมวดหมู่ ภาคผนวก คุยเรื่องภาคผนวก ดัชนี คุยเรื่องดัชนี สัมผัส คุยเรื่องสัมผัส อรรถาภิธาน คุยเรื่องอรรถาภิธาน TimedText TimedText talk มอดูล คุยเรื่องมอดูล Event Event talk 0 4130 5714192 5649317 2026-03-30T05:31:54Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714192 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === คำนาม === {{nl-noun|f|-en|+}} # {{lb|nl|dated}} {{superseded spelling of|nl|biografie}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === รากศัพท์ === {{etymon|fr|:uder|la:biographia}} จาก{{affix|fr|bio-|-graphie}}, จาก{{uder|fr|la|biographia}}, จาก{{uder|fr|grc|βιογραφία}}, จาก {{m|grc|βίος||ชีวิต}} + {{m|grc|γράφω||เขียน}} === การออกเสียง === * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-biographie.ogg|a=Paris}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-biographie.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Paris>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-biographie.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Vosges>>)}} * {{homophones|fr|biographient|biographies}} * {{hyphenation|fr|bio|gra|phie}} === คำนาม === {{fr-noun|f}} # [[ชีวประวัติ]] ==== คำลูกกลุ่ม ==== * {{l|fr|autobiographie}} * {{l|fr|curriculum vitae}}, {{l|fr|curriculum vitæ}} * {{l|fr|hagiographie}}, {{l|fr|agiographie}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|fr|autobiographie}} * {{l|fr|biographique}} === คำกริยา === {{head|fr|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|fr|biographier||1//3|s|pres|ind//sub|;|2|s|impr}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:fr:TLFi}} 6gigsx9l0ybr1clnwzshom5rtnkn4kr 0 4768 5714271 5687110 2026-03-30T10:18:39Z Octahedron80 267 /* รูปแบบอื่น */ 5714271 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == {{wp|ประเทศกัมพูชา}} [[File:Cambodia in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศกัมพูชา]] [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศกัมพูชา]] === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|th|กัมพุช|กัมโพช|กัมโพชา||เลิกใช้}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|km|កម្ពុជា}}; เทียบ{{cog|sa|काम्बोज}} และ{{cog|okz|កម្ពុជ}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กำ-พู-ชา}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{lang|th|([[ประเทศ]]~)}} ประเทศในเอเซียตะวันออกเชียงใต้ ซึ่งอยู่ติดกับด้านตะวันออกของ[[ประเทศไทย]] ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|th|เขมร}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศในเอเซียตะวันออกเชียงใต้}} * กรีก: {{t+|el|Καμπότζη|f}} * กาตาลา: {{t+|ca|Cambodja|f}}, {{t|ca|Cambotja|f}} * กาลิเซีย: {{t+|gl|Cambodja|f}}, {{t+|gl|Camboxa|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^캄보디아}}, {{t+|ko|^캄보쟈}} {{q|เกาหลีเหนือ}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|កម្ពុជា}}, {{t+|km|កម្ពុជ}}, {{t+|km|កម្ពុជរដ្ឋ}}, {{t|km|ខេមររដ្ឋ}}, {{t|km|ស្រុកខ្មែរ}} * เขมรเหนือ: {{t|kxm|คแมร}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|კამბოჯა}} * จีน: *: กวางตุ้ง: {{t+|yue|柬埔寨|tr=gaan2 bou3 zaai6}} *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|柬埔寨}}, {{t+|cmn|高棉}} *: อู๋: {{t|wuu|柬埔寨}} * เช็ก: {{t+|cs|Kambodža|f}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|カンボジア|tr=Kambojia}}, {{t+|ja|カンボディア|tr=Kambodia}} * ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Cambodja|n}} * เดนมาร์ก: {{t+|da|Cambodja|n}} * ตุรกี: {{t+|tr|Kamboçya}} * ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪀꪱꪫ‌ꪹꪢꪸꪙ}} * ไทลื้อ: {{t|khb|ᦶᦋᧃᦘᦴᦈᦻᧈ}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t|shn|ၵမ်ႇပေႃးတီးယိူဝ်း}} * บัลแกเรีย: {{t+|bg|Камбо́джа|f}} * เบลารุส: {{t|be|Камбо́джа|f}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|Camboja|m}} * โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|Kambodża|f}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Cambodge|m}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|alt=ကမ္ဘောဒီးယားနိုင်ငံ}} * ฟินแลนด์: {{t+|fi|Kambodža}} * แฟโร: {{t|fo|Kambodja|n}} * ยูเครน: {{t+|uk|Камбо́джа|f}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Kambodscha|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|Камбо́джа|f}} * โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|Cambodgia|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ກຳພູຊາ|alt=ປະເທດກຳພູຊາ}}, {{t+|lo|ກຳປູເຈຍ|alt=ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ}} * เวลส์: {{t|cy|Cambodia}} * เวียดนาม: {{t+|vi|Cam-pu-chia}}, {{t|vi|Căm Bốt}}, {{t+|vi|Cao Miên}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|Camboya|f}} * สวีเดน: {{t+|sv|Kambodja|n}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Cambodia|tr=แคมโบเดีย}} * อาฟรีกานส์: {{t|af|Kambodja}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Կամբոջա}} * อาหรับ: {{t|ar|كَامْبُودِيَا|f}}, {{t|ar|كَمْبُودِيَا|f}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Cambogia|f}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|Kamboja}} * เอสเปรันโต: {{t+|eo|Kamboĝo}} * ฮังการี: {{t+|hu|Kambodzsa}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|कम्बोडिया|m}}, {{t+|hi|कंबोडिया|m}} * ฮีบรู: {{t|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} gn43sx4w7dy7ssupnm716k5vlz0m6lc 5714272 5714271 2026-03-30T10:19:47Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714272 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == {{wp|ประเทศกัมพูชา}} [[File:Cambodia in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศกัมพูชา]] [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศกัมพูชา]] === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|th|กัมพุช|กัมโพช|กัมโพชา||เลิกใช้}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|km|កម្ពុជា}}; เทียบ{{cog|sa|काम्बोज}} และ{{cog|okz|កម្ពុជ}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กำ-พู-ชา}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{sid|en|Q424}}{{place|th|ประเทศ|r/เอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|official=ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา|capital=พนมเปญ}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|th|เขมร}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศในเอเซียตะวันออกเชียงใต้}} * กรีก: {{t+|el|Καμπότζη|f}} * กาตาลา: {{t+|ca|Cambodja|f}}, {{t|ca|Cambotja|f}} * กาลิเซีย: {{t+|gl|Cambodja|f}}, {{t+|gl|Camboxa|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^캄보디아}}, {{t+|ko|^캄보쟈}} {{q|เกาหลีเหนือ}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|កម្ពុជា}}, {{t+|km|កម្ពុជ}}, {{t+|km|កម្ពុជរដ្ឋ}}, {{t|km|ខេមររដ្ឋ}}, {{t|km|ស្រុកខ្មែរ}} * เขมรเหนือ: {{t|kxm|คแมร}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|კამბოჯა}} * จีน: *: กวางตุ้ง: {{t+|yue|柬埔寨|tr=gaan2 bou3 zaai6}} *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|柬埔寨}}, {{t+|cmn|高棉}} *: อู๋: {{t|wuu|柬埔寨}} * เช็ก: {{t+|cs|Kambodža|f}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|カンボジア|tr=Kambojia}}, {{t+|ja|カンボディア|tr=Kambodia}} * ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Cambodja|n}} * เดนมาร์ก: {{t+|da|Cambodja|n}} * ตุรกี: {{t+|tr|Kamboçya}} * ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪀꪱꪫ‌ꪹꪢꪸꪙ}} * ไทลื้อ: {{t|khb|ᦶᦋᧃᦘᦴᦈᦻᧈ}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t|shn|ၵမ်ႇပေႃးတီးယိူဝ်း}} * บัลแกเรีย: {{t+|bg|Камбо́джа|f}} * เบลารุส: {{t|be|Камбо́джа|f}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|Camboja|m}} * โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|Kambodża|f}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Cambodge|m}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|alt=ကမ္ဘောဒီးယားနိုင်ငံ}} * ฟินแลนด์: {{t+|fi|Kambodža}} * แฟโร: {{t|fo|Kambodja|n}} * ยูเครน: {{t+|uk|Камбо́джа|f}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Kambodscha|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|Камбо́джа|f}} * โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|Cambodgia|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ກຳພູຊາ|alt=ປະເທດກຳພູຊາ}}, {{t+|lo|ກຳປູເຈຍ|alt=ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ}} * เวลส์: {{t|cy|Cambodia}} * เวียดนาม: {{t+|vi|Cam-pu-chia}}, {{t|vi|Căm Bốt}}, {{t+|vi|Cao Miên}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|Camboya|f}} * สวีเดน: {{t+|sv|Kambodja|n}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Cambodia|tr=แคมโบเดีย}} * อาฟรีกานส์: {{t|af|Kambodja}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Կամբոջա}} * อาหรับ: {{t|ar|كَامْبُودِيَا|f}}, {{t|ar|كَمْبُودِيَا|f}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Cambogia|f}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|Kamboja}} * เอสเปรันโต: {{t+|eo|Kamboĝo}} * ฮังการี: {{t+|hu|Kambodzsa}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|कम्बोडिया|m}}, {{t+|hi|कंबोडिया|m}} * ฮีบรู: {{t|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} 93zy8tf48muzgjs796q7fo5nd3yos74 5714275 5714272 2026-03-30T10:21:26Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714275 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == {{wp|ประเทศกัมพูชา}} [[File:Cambodia in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศกัมพูชา]] [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศกัมพูชา]] === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|th|กัมพุช|กัมโพช|กัมโพชา||เลิกใช้}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|km|កម្ពុជា}}; เทียบ{{cog|sa|काम्बोज}} และ{{cog|okz|កម្ពុជ}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กำ-พู-ชา}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{sid|th|Q424}}{{place|th|ประเทศ|r/เอเชียตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|official=ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา|capital=พนมเปญ}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|th|เขมร}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศในเอเซียตะวันออกเชียงใต้}} * กรีก: {{t+|el|Καμπότζη|f}} * กาตาลา: {{t+|ca|Cambodja|f}}, {{t|ca|Cambotja|f}} * กาลิเซีย: {{t+|gl|Cambodja|f}}, {{t+|gl|Camboxa|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^캄보디아}}, {{t+|ko|^캄보쟈}} {{q|เกาหลีเหนือ}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|កម្ពុជា}}, {{t+|km|កម្ពុជ}}, {{t+|km|កម្ពុជរដ្ឋ}}, {{t|km|ខេមររដ្ឋ}}, {{t|km|ស្រុកខ្មែរ}} * เขมรเหนือ: {{t|kxm|คแมร}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|კამბოჯა}} * จีน: *: กวางตุ้ง: {{t+|yue|柬埔寨|tr=gaan2 bou3 zaai6}} *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|柬埔寨}}, {{t+|cmn|高棉}} *: อู๋: {{t|wuu|柬埔寨}} * เช็ก: {{t+|cs|Kambodža|f}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|カンボジア|tr=Kambojia}}, {{t+|ja|カンボディア|tr=Kambodia}} * ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Cambodja|n}} * เดนมาร์ก: {{t+|da|Cambodja|n}} * ตุรกี: {{t+|tr|Kamboçya}} * ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪀꪱꪫ‌ꪹꪢꪸꪙ}} * ไทลื้อ: {{t|khb|ᦶᦋᧃᦘᦴᦈᦻᧈ}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t|shn|ၵမ်ႇပေႃးတီးယိူဝ်း}} * บัลแกเรีย: {{t+|bg|Камбо́джа|f}} * เบลารุส: {{t|be|Камбо́джа|f}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|Camboja|m}} * โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|Kambodża|f}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Cambodge|m}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|alt=ကမ္ဘောဒီးယားနိုင်ငံ}} * ฟินแลนด์: {{t+|fi|Kambodža}} * แฟโร: {{t|fo|Kambodja|n}} * ยูเครน: {{t+|uk|Камбо́джа|f}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Kambodscha|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|Камбо́джа|f}} * โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|Cambodgia|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ກຳພູຊາ|alt=ປະເທດກຳພູຊາ}}, {{t+|lo|ກຳປູເຈຍ|alt=ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ}} * เวลส์: {{t|cy|Cambodia}} * เวียดนาม: {{t+|vi|Cam-pu-chia}}, {{t|vi|Căm Bốt}}, {{t+|vi|Cao Miên}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|Camboya|f}} * สวีเดน: {{t+|sv|Kambodja|n}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Cambodia|tr=แคมโบเดีย}} * อาฟรีกานส์: {{t|af|Kambodja}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Կամբոջա}} * อาหรับ: {{t|ar|كَامْبُودِيَا|f}}, {{t|ar|كَمْبُودِيَا|f}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Cambogia|f}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|Kamboja}} * เอสเปรันโต: {{t+|eo|Kamboĝo}} * ฮังการี: {{t+|hu|Kambodzsa}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|कम्बोडिया|m}}, {{t+|hi|कंबोडिया|m}} * ฮีบรู: {{t|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} mku2s4t6cezjn7imsh400xonff1zw77 0 6130 5714329 1638653 2026-03-30T11:05:48Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาลาว */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714329 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาลาว == {{wp|lo:ປະເທດ+}} === รูปแบบอื่น === {{lo-alt|o=ກຳປູເຈັຽ}} === การออกเสียง === {{lo-pron|ກຳ-ປູ-ເຈຍ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{lo-proper noun}} # {{tcl|lo|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} a8959pn7tytufy5ycxrem2cmjyvsuu7 0 7555 5714330 1241223 2026-03-30T11:07:34Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาอังกฤษ */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714330 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาละติน == {{wp|la:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{la-proper noun|Cambodia<1>}} # {{lb|la|New Latin}} {{tcl|la|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{la-ndecl|Cambodia<1>}} {{cln|la|exonyms}} == ภาษาเวลส์ == {{wp|cy:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|cy|/kamˈbɔdja/}} * {{rhymes|cy|ɔdja|s=3}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{cy-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|cy|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== Coordinate terms ==== {{list:countries in Asia/cy}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|cy|Teyrnas Cambodia||ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiad}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiaidd}} === การกลายรูป === {{cy-mut}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{wp|en:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|en|Cambogia||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === {{dercat|en|xhm|sa}} {{bor+|en|fr|Cambodge}} และ{{bor|en|pt|Camboja}}; {{dbt|en|Kampuchea|gamboge}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/kæmˈboʊdi.ə/|a=US}} * {{audio|en|En-us-Cambodia.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Cambodia.wav|a=UK}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-prop}} # {{tcl||กัมพูชา|id=Q424|official=Kingdom of Cambodia|capital=Phnom Penh}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|bor=1}} * {{desc|dv|ކެމްބޯޑިއާ|bor=1}} * {{desc|haw|bor=1|Kamabodia}} * {{desc|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|bor=1}} * {{desc|hi|कंबोडिया|कम्बोडिया|bor=1}} * {{desc|ja|bor=1|カンボジア|tr=Kanbojia}} * {{desc|ko|bor=1|^캄보디아}} * {{desc|tl|Kambodya|bor=1}} * {{desc|ur|کَمْبوڈِیا|bor=1}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|en|Kampuchea}} {{q|shortlived historical name during Khmer Rouge regime}} * {{pedia|lang=en}} * [[ภาคผนวก:Countries of the world|Countries of the world]] {{list:countries in Asia/en}} {{cln|en|terms suffixed with -ia (place)|exonyms}} hd33oedew1kpsi3lqw5rxs2672rjzez 5714331 5714330 2026-03-30T11:07:56Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714331 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาละติน == {{wp|la:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{la-proper noun|Cambodia<1>}} # {{lb|la|New Latin}} {{tcl|la|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{la-ndecl|Cambodia<1>}} {{cln|la|exonyms}} == ภาษาเวลส์ == {{wp|cy:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|cy|/kamˈbɔdja/}} * {{rhymes|cy|ɔdja|s=3}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{cy-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|cy|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== Coordinate terms ==== {{list:countries in Asia/cy}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|cy|Teyrnas Cambodia||ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiad}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiaidd}} === การกลายรูป === {{cy-mut}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{wp|en:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|en|Cambogia||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === {{dercat|en|xhm|sa}} {{bor+|en|fr|Cambodge}} และ{{bor|en|pt|Camboja}}; {{dbt|en|Kampuchea|gamboge}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/kæmˈboʊdi.ə/|a=US}} * {{audio|en|En-us-Cambodia.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Cambodia.wav|a=UK}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-prop}} # {{tcl|en|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|official=Kingdom of Cambodia|capital=Phnom Penh}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|bor=1}} * {{desc|dv|ކެމްބޯޑިއާ|bor=1}} * {{desc|haw|bor=1|Kamabodia}} * {{desc|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|bor=1}} * {{desc|hi|कंबोडिया|कम्बोडिया|bor=1}} * {{desc|ja|bor=1|カンボジア|tr=Kanbojia}} * {{desc|ko|bor=1|^캄보디아}} * {{desc|tl|Kambodya|bor=1}} * {{desc|ur|کَمْبوڈِیا|bor=1}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|en|Kampuchea}} {{q|shortlived historical name during Khmer Rouge regime}} * {{pedia|lang=en}} * [[ภาคผนวก:Countries of the world|Countries of the world]] {{list:countries in Asia/en}} {{cln|en|terms suffixed with -ia (place)|exonyms}} e07cq1ra00lmzl9vpfgf5ltl1n1gi6z 5714332 5714331 2026-03-30T11:09:47Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714332 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาละติน == {{wp|la:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{la-proper noun|Cambodia<1>}} # {{lb|la|New Latin}} {{tcl|la|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{la-ndecl|Cambodia<1>}} {{cln|la|exonyms}} == ภาษาเวลส์ == {{wp|cy:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|cy|/kamˈbɔdja/}} * {{rhymes|cy|ɔdja|s=3}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{cy-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|cy|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== Coordinate terms ==== {{list:countries in Asia/cy}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|cy|Teyrnas Cambodia||ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiad}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiaidd}} === การกลายรูป === {{cy-mut}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{wp|en:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|en|Cambogia||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === {{dercat|en|xhm|sa}} {{bor+|en|fr|Cambodge}} และ{{bor|en|pt|Camboja}}; {{dbt|en|Kampuchea|gamboge}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/kæmˈboʊdi.ə/|a=US}} * {{audio|en|En-us-Cambodia.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Cambodia.wav|a=UK}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-prop}} # {{tcl|en|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_official=Kingdom of Cambodia|place_capital=Phnom Penh}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|bor=1}} * {{desc|dv|ކެމްބޯޑިއާ|bor=1}} * {{desc|haw|bor=1|Kamabodia}} * {{desc|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|bor=1}} * {{desc|hi|कंबोडिया|कम्बोडिया|bor=1}} * {{desc|ja|bor=1|カンボジア|tr=Kanbojia}} * {{desc|ko|bor=1|^캄보디아}} * {{desc|tl|Kambodya|bor=1}} * {{desc|ur|کَمْبوڈِیا|bor=1}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|en|Kampuchea}} {{q|shortlived historical name during Khmer Rouge regime}} * {{pedia|lang=en}} * [[ภาคผนวก:Countries of the world|Countries of the world]] {{list:countries in Asia/en}} {{cln|en|terms suffixed with -ia (place)|exonyms}} ipeustd4z64ci1jlyw2biqy7wuim30t 5714333 5714332 2026-03-30T11:10:27Z Octahedron80 267 /* ดูเพิ่ม */ 5714333 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาละติน == {{wp|la:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{la-proper noun|Cambodia<1>}} # {{lb|la|New Latin}} {{tcl|la|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{la-ndecl|Cambodia<1>}} {{cln|la|exonyms}} == ภาษาเวลส์ == {{wp|cy:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|cy|/kamˈbɔdja/}} * {{rhymes|cy|ɔdja|s=3}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{cy-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|cy|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== Coordinate terms ==== {{list:countries in Asia/cy}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|cy|Teyrnas Cambodia||ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiad}} * {{l|cy|Cambodiaidd}} === การกลายรูป === {{cy-mut}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{wp|en:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|en|Cambogia||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === {{dercat|en|xhm|sa}} {{bor+|en|fr|Cambodge}} และ{{bor|en|pt|Camboja}}; {{dbt|en|Kampuchea|gamboge}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/kæmˈboʊdi.ə/|a=US}} * {{audio|en|En-us-Cambodia.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Cambodia.wav|a=UK}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-prop}} # {{tcl|en|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_official=Kingdom of Cambodia|place_capital=Phnom Penh}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|bor=1}} * {{desc|dv|ކެމްބޯޑިއާ|bor=1}} * {{desc|haw|bor=1|Kamabodia}} * {{desc|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|bor=1}} * {{desc|hi|कंबोडिया|कम्बोडिया|bor=1}} * {{desc|ja|bor=1|カンボジア|tr=Kanbojia}} * {{desc|ko|bor=1|^캄보디아}} * {{desc|tl|Kambodya|bor=1}} * {{desc|ur|کَمْبوڈِیا|bor=1}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|en|Kampuchea}} {{q|ชื่อทางประวัติศาสตร์ที่ใช้เพียงช่วงสั้นๆ ในสมัยระบอบเขมรแดง}} * {{pedia|lang=en}} * [[ภาคผนวก:Countries of the world|Countries of the world]] {{list:countries in Asia/en}} {{cln|en|terms suffixed with -ia (place)|exonyms}} he9p9iz7qxkl39m8s9zt88vr30sdgi2 0 8379 5714295 4840099 2026-03-30T10:41:37Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714295 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|th|แขม|แขมร์||ร้อยกรอง}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|xhm|ខ្មេរ}}, {{m|xhm|ខ្មែរ}} หรือ{{der|th|okz-pre|ក្មេរ៑}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|km|ខ្មែរ}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|ขะ-เหฺมน}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{lb|th|proscribed}} {{tcl||กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} j14iab2vi0f5criyki86g5jfakoca48 5714296 5714295 2026-03-30T10:41:44Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714296 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|th|แขม|แขมร์||ร้อยกรอง}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|xhm|ខ្មេរ}}, {{m|xhm|ខ្មែរ}} หรือ{{der|th|okz-pre|ក្មេរ៑}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|km|ខ្មែរ}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|ขะ-เหฺมน}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{lb|th|proscribed}} {{tcl|th|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} 60lq3guzwkxev28uavfqotuhrx4e1f2 5714297 5714296 2026-03-30T10:43:48Z Octahedron80 267 5714297 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|th|แขม|แขมร์||ร้อยกรอง}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|xhm|ខ្មេរ}}, {{m|xhm|ខ្មែរ}} หรือ{{der|th|okz-pre|ក្មេរ៑}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|km|ខ្មែរ}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|ขะ-เหฺมน}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{lb|th|proscribed}} {{tcl|th|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} # ชื่อภาษาของกัมพูชา === คำนาม === {{th-noun}} # กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ที่ส่วนใหญ่อาศัยอยู่ในกัมพูชา s69aw75526k2q0xsqxf1imx2c9d1z9d 5714298 5714297 2026-03-30T10:45:15Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714298 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|th|แขม|แขมร์||ร้อยกรอง}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|xhm|ខ្មេរ}}, {{m|xhm|ខ្មែរ}} หรือ{{der|th|okz-pre|ក្មេរ៑}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|km|ខ្មែរ}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|ขะ-เหฺมน}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{lb|th|proscribed}} [[กัมพูชา]] ({{tcl|th|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}}) # ชื่อภาษาของกัมพูชา === คำนาม === {{th-noun}} # กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ที่ส่วนใหญ่อาศัยอยู่ในกัมพูชา k5u9no7i2mr7b1fgzy78lszkghbaefb 0 10482 5713844 5627206 2026-03-29T18:56:06Z Alifshinobi 397 /* คำแปลภาษาอื่น */ 5713844 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == [[ไฟล์:Eastern Grey Squirrel in St James's Park, London - Nov 2006 edit.jpg|thumb|กระรอก]] {{wp}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|th|tai-pro|*roːkᴰ}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|lo|ຮອກ}} หรือ {{m|lo|ກະຮອກ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦣᦸᧅ}} หรือ {{m|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{cog|aho|𑜍𑜨𑜀𑜫}}, {{cog|zzj|rog}}, {{cog|za|rog}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺระ-รอก}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun|ตัว}} # ชื่อ[[สัตว์เลี้ยง]]ลูกด้วยน้ำนม สกุล {{species|Sciuridae}} มี[[ฟัน]]แทะ ใช้ชีวิตส่วนมากอยู่บน[[ต้นไม้]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * [[กลันทะ]], [[กลันทก์]] ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ชื่อสัตว์}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|다람쥐}} * กฺ๋อง: {{t|ugo|พู๋วุ่ก}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|កំប្រុក}}, {{t+|km|កង្ហែន}} * คาซัค: {{t|kk|тиін}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t|ka|ციყვი}} * จีน: *: กวางตุ้ง: {{t|yue|松鼠|tr=cung4 syu2}} *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|松鼠|tr=sōngshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|灰鼠|tr=huīshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|栗鼠|tr=lìshǔ}} * เจียเม่า: {{t|jio|ləːn⁵}} * ซาคา: {{t|sah|тииҥ}} * ซามี: *: เหนือ: {{t|se|oarˈri}} * เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย: *: ซีริลลิก: {{t|sh|ве̏верица|f}}, {{t|sh|вје̏верица|f}} *: ละติน: {{t+|sh|vȅverica|f}}, {{t+|sh|vjȅverica|f}} * ญัฮกุร: {{t|cbn|โปรก}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|栗鼠|tr=りす, risu}}, {{t+|ja|リス|tr=risu}} * ตากาล็อก: {{t|tl|ardilya}}, {{t|tl|buot}} * ทิเบต: {{t|bo|ནགས་བྱི།}} * ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{t|blt|ꪶꪔꪭꪮꪀ}} * ไทใต้คง: {{t|tdd|ᥓᥩᥢᥲ}} * ไทลื้อ: {{t|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t+|shn|ၼႆႇ}}, {{t+|shn|ၸွၼ်ႈ}} * นอร์เวย์: *: บุ๊กมอล: {{t+|nb|ekorn|m|n}} *: นือนอสก์: {{t|nn|ekorn|n}}, {{t|nn|ikorn|n}}, {{t|nn|trebjørn|m}} * แบชเคียร์: {{t|ba|тейен}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|esquilo|m}} * โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|wiewiórka|f}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|écureuil|m}}, {{t+|fr|écureuille|f}} * มลายูแบบปัตตานี: {{t|mfa|توڤا}}, {{t|mfa|توڤٍي}} * มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|tupai}}, {{t|ms|bajing}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Eichhörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Hörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Eichhorn|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|бе́лка|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́верица|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́кша|f}}, {{t|ru|вевёрка|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ຮອກ}}, {{t+|lo|ກະຮອກ}} * เลอเวือะตะวันตก: {{t|lcp|ʼลา-แอ}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|ardilla|f}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|squirrel|tr=สเกวอเริล}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|scoiattolo|m}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|bajing}}, {{t+|id|tupai}} * อีสาน: {{t|tts|กะฮอก}} * อูรักลาโวยจ: {{t|urk|ตูปัย}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|गिलहरी|f}}, {{t+|hi|चिखुर|m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม|สัตว์ฟันแทะ}} krtx32qhzz3ko8hg3cqfv34nfmq02vt 5713845 5713844 2026-03-29T18:59:46Z Alifshinobi 397 /* คำนาม */ 5713845 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == [[ไฟล์:Eastern Grey Squirrel in St James's Park, London - Nov 2006 edit.jpg|thumb|กระรอก]] {{wp}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|th|tai-pro|*roːkᴰ}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|lo|ຮອກ}} หรือ {{m|lo|ກະຮອກ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦣᦸᧅ}} หรือ {{m|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{cog|aho|𑜍𑜨𑜀𑜫}}, {{cog|zzj|rog}}, {{cog|za|rog}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺระ-รอก}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun|ตัว}} # ชื่อ[[สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม]] สกุล {{species|Sciuridae}} มี[[ฟัน]]แทะ ใช้ชีวิตส่วนมากอยู่บน[[ต้นไม้]] #: {{syn|th|กลันทะ|กลันทก์}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ชื่อสัตว์}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|다람쥐}} * กฺ๋อง: {{t|ugo|พู๋วุ่ก}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|កំប្រុក}}, {{t+|km|កង្ហែន}} * คาซัค: {{t|kk|тиін}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t|ka|ციყვი}} * จีน: *: กวางตุ้ง: {{t|yue|松鼠|tr=cung4 syu2}} *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|松鼠|tr=sōngshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|灰鼠|tr=huīshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|栗鼠|tr=lìshǔ}} * เจียเม่า: {{t|jio|ləːn⁵}} * ซาคา: {{t|sah|тииҥ}} * ซามี: *: เหนือ: {{t|se|oarˈri}} * เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย: *: ซีริลลิก: {{t|sh|ве̏верица|f}}, {{t|sh|вје̏верица|f}} *: ละติน: {{t+|sh|vȅverica|f}}, {{t+|sh|vjȅverica|f}} * ญัฮกุร: {{t|cbn|โปรก}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|栗鼠|tr=りす, risu}}, {{t+|ja|リス|tr=risu}} * ตากาล็อก: {{t|tl|ardilya}}, {{t|tl|buot}} * ทิเบต: {{t|bo|ནགས་བྱི།}} * ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{t|blt|ꪶꪔꪭꪮꪀ}} * ไทใต้คง: {{t|tdd|ᥓᥩᥢᥲ}} * ไทลื้อ: {{t|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t+|shn|ၼႆႇ}}, {{t+|shn|ၸွၼ်ႈ}} * นอร์เวย์: *: บุ๊กมอล: {{t+|nb|ekorn|m|n}} *: นือนอสก์: {{t|nn|ekorn|n}}, {{t|nn|ikorn|n}}, {{t|nn|trebjørn|m}} * แบชเคียร์: {{t|ba|тейен}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|esquilo|m}} * โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|wiewiórka|f}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|écureuil|m}}, {{t+|fr|écureuille|f}} * มลายูแบบปัตตานี: {{t|mfa|توڤا}}, {{t|mfa|توڤٍي}} * มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|tupai}}, {{t|ms|bajing}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Eichhörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Hörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Eichhorn|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|бе́лка|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́верица|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́кша|f}}, {{t|ru|вевёрка|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ຮອກ}}, {{t+|lo|ກະຮອກ}} * เลอเวือะตะวันตก: {{t|lcp|ʼลา-แอ}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|ardilla|f}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|squirrel|tr=สเกวอเริล}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|scoiattolo|m}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|bajing}}, {{t+|id|tupai}} * อีสาน: {{t|tts|กะฮอก}} * อูรักลาโวยจ: {{t|urk|ตูปัย}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|गिलहरी|f}}, {{t+|hi|चिखुर|m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม|สัตว์ฟันแทะ}} pxl4itf75u6fcy30os0ei35windzsn2 5713847 5713845 2026-03-29T23:20:23Z Alifshinobi 397 /* คำแปลภาษาอื่น */ 5713847 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == [[ไฟล์:Eastern Grey Squirrel in St James's Park, London - Nov 2006 edit.jpg|thumb|กระรอก]] {{wp}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|th|tai-pro|*roːkᴰ}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|lo|ຮອກ}} หรือ {{m|lo|ກະຮອກ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦣᦸᧅ}} หรือ {{m|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{cog|aho|𑜍𑜨𑜀𑜫}}, {{cog|zzj|rog}}, {{cog|za|rog}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺระ-รอก}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun|ตัว}} # ชื่อ[[สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม]] สกุล {{species|Sciuridae}} มี[[ฟัน]]แทะ ใช้ชีวิตส่วนมากอยู่บน[[ต้นไม้]] #: {{syn|th|กลันทะ|กลันทก์}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ชื่อสัตว์}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|다람쥐}} * กฺ๋อง: {{t|ugo|พู๋วุ่ก}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|កំប្រុក}}, {{t+|km|កង្ហែន}} * คาซัค: {{t|kk|тиін}} * คำเมือง: {{t+|nod|ᩋᩦ᩵ᩁᩬᨠ}}, {{t+|nod|ᩁᩬᨠ}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t|ka|ციყვი}} * จีน: *: กวางตุ้ง: {{t|yue|松鼠|tr=cung4 syu2}} *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|松鼠|tr=sōngshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|灰鼠|tr=huīshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|栗鼠|tr=lìshǔ}} * เจียเม่า: {{t|jio|ləːn⁵}} * ซาคา: {{t|sah|тииҥ}} * ซามี: *: เหนือ: {{t|se|oarˈri}} * เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย: *: ซีริลลิก: {{t|sh|ве̏верица|f}}, {{t|sh|вје̏верица|f}} *: ละติน: {{t+|sh|vȅverica|f}}, {{t+|sh|vjȅverica|f}} * ญัฮกุร: {{t|cbn|โปรก}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|栗鼠|tr=りす, risu}}, {{t+|ja|リス|tr=risu}} * ตากาล็อก: {{t|tl|ardilya}}, {{t|tl|buot}} * ทิเบต: {{t|bo|ནགས་བྱི།}} * ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{t|blt|ꪶꪔꪭꪮꪀ}} * ไทใต้คง: {{t|tdd|ᥓᥩᥢᥲ}} * ไทลื้อ: {{t|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t+|shn|ၼႆႇ}}, {{t+|shn|ၸွၼ်ႈ}} * นอร์เวย์: *: บุ๊กมอล: {{t+|nb|ekorn|m|n}} *: นือนอสก์: {{t|nn|ekorn|n}}, {{t|nn|ikorn|n}}, {{t|nn|trebjørn|m}} * แบชเคียร์: {{t|ba|тейен}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|esquilo|m}} * โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|wiewiórka|f}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|écureuil|m}}, {{t+|fr|écureuille|f}} * มลายูแบบปัตตานี: {{t|mfa|توڤا}}, {{t|mfa|توڤٍي}} * มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|tupai}}, {{t|ms|bajing}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Eichhörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Hörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Eichhorn|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|бе́лка|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́верица|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́кша|f}}, {{t|ru|вевёрка|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ຮອກ}}, {{t+|lo|ກະຮອກ}} * เลอเวือะตะวันตก: {{t|lcp|ʼลา-แอ}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|ardilla|f}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|squirrel|tr=สเกวอเริล}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|scoiattolo|m}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|bajing}}, {{t+|id|tupai}} * อีสาน: {{t|tts|กะฮอก}} * อูรักลาโวยจ: {{t|urk|ตูปัย}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|गिलहरी|f}}, {{t+|hi|चिखुर|m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม|สัตว์ฟันแทะ}} jufwctn04rio9pwfm5oelnj7y33ts5j 5713849 5713847 2026-03-29T23:25:07Z Alifshinobi 397 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5713849 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == [[ไฟล์:Eastern Grey Squirrel in St James's Park, London - Nov 2006 edit.jpg|thumb|กระรอก]] {{wp}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|th|tai-pro|*roːkᴰ}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|lo|ຮອກ}} หรือ {{m|lo|ກະຮອກ}}, {{cog|nod|ᩁᩬᨠ}} หรือ {{m|nod|ᩋᩦ᩵ᩁᩬᨠ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦣᦸᧅ}} หรือ {{m|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{cog|aho|𑜍𑜨𑜀𑜫}}, {{cog|zzj|rog}}, {{cog|za|rog}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺระ-รอก}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun|ตัว}} # ชื่อ[[สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม]] สกุล {{species|Sciuridae}} มี[[ฟัน]]แทะ ใช้ชีวิตส่วนมากอยู่บน[[ต้นไม้]] #: {{syn|th|กลันทะ|กลันทก์}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ชื่อสัตว์}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|다람쥐}} * กฺ๋อง: {{t|ugo|พู๋วุ่ก}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|កំប្រុក}}, {{t+|km|កង្ហែន}} * คาซัค: {{t|kk|тиін}} * คำเมือง: {{t+|nod|ᩋᩦ᩵ᩁᩬᨠ}}, {{t+|nod|ᩁᩬᨠ}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t|ka|ციყვი}} * จีน: *: กวางตุ้ง: {{t|yue|松鼠|tr=cung4 syu2}} *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|松鼠|tr=sōngshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|灰鼠|tr=huīshǔ}}, {{t+|cmn|栗鼠|tr=lìshǔ}} * เจียเม่า: {{t|jio|ləːn⁵}} * ซาคา: {{t|sah|тииҥ}} * ซามี: *: เหนือ: {{t|se|oarˈri}} * เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย: *: ซีริลลิก: {{t|sh|ве̏верица|f}}, {{t|sh|вје̏верица|f}} *: ละติน: {{t+|sh|vȅverica|f}}, {{t+|sh|vjȅverica|f}} * ญัฮกุร: {{t|cbn|โปรก}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|栗鼠|tr=りす, risu}}, {{t+|ja|リス|tr=risu}} * ตากาล็อก: {{t|tl|ardilya}}, {{t|tl|buot}} * ทิเบต: {{t|bo|ནགས་བྱི།}} * ไทดำ: {{t|blt|ꪭꪮꪀ}}, {{t|blt|ꪶꪔꪭꪮꪀ}} * ไทใต้คง: {{t|tdd|ᥓᥩᥢᥲ}} * ไทลื้อ: {{t|khb|ᦀᦲᦰᦣᦸᧅ}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t+|shn|ၼႆႇ}}, {{t+|shn|ၸွၼ်ႈ}} * นอร์เวย์: *: บุ๊กมอล: {{t+|nb|ekorn|m|n}} *: นือนอสก์: {{t|nn|ekorn|n}}, {{t|nn|ikorn|n}}, {{t|nn|trebjørn|m}} * แบชเคียร์: {{t|ba|тейен}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|esquilo|m}} * โปแลนด์: {{t+|pl|wiewiórka|f}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|écureuil|m}}, {{t+|fr|écureuille|f}} * มลายูแบบปัตตานี: {{t|mfa|توڤا}}, {{t|mfa|توڤٍي}} * มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|tupai}}, {{t|ms|bajing}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Eichhörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Hörnchen|n}}, {{t+|de|Eichhorn|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|бе́лка|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́верица|f}}, {{t+|ru|ве́кша|f}}, {{t|ru|вевёрка|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ຮອກ}}, {{t+|lo|ກະຮອກ}} * เลอเวือะตะวันตก: {{t|lcp|ʼลา-แอ}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|ardilla|f}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|squirrel|tr=สเกวอเริล}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|scoiattolo|m}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|bajing}}, {{t+|id|tupai}} * อีสาน: {{t|tts|กะฮอก}} * อูรักลาโวยจ: {{t|urk|ตูปัย}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|गिलहरी|f}}, {{t+|hi|चिखुर|m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|สัตว์เลี้ยงลูกด้วยน้ำนม|สัตว์ฟันแทะ}} h049w6hsaugqdbdzlw66ws0i6w506d4 0 11417 5714334 772299 2026-03-30T11:11:24Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาสเปน */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714334 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|nhn|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาสเปน == {{wp|es:}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Rodelar-Camboya.wav>}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{es-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|es|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|es|camboyano|camboyana}} {{cln|es|exonyms}} == ภาษาอัสตูเรียส == {{wp|ast:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ast-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|ast|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == Central Huasteca Nahuatl == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|nch|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|nch|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} luieob7z1h2i1zmpi3or87fd0ed3thc 5714335 5714334 2026-03-30T11:11:37Z Octahedron80 267 /* Central Huasteca Nahuatl */ 5714335 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|nhn|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาสเปน == {{wp|es:}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Rodelar-Camboya.wav>}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{es-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|es|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|es|camboyano|camboyana}} {{cln|es|exonyms}} == ภาษาอัสตูเรียส == {{wp|ast:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ast-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|ast|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} kfsb1cr6viml9tz7ydajxd3t9wbksg4 0 11443 5714254 772942 2026-03-30T09:55:25Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714254 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากาลิเซีย == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|gl|Grécia||AGAL}} === รากศัพท์ === {{lbor|gl|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|gl|grc|Γραικός}} === การออกเสียง === {{gl-pr|Grècia<audio:Gl-Grecia.ogg>}} * {{hyph|gl|Gre|cia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{gl-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|gl|กรีซ|id=Q41|place_official=República Helénica}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|gl|grego}} == ภาษาซิซิลี == {{wp|scn:}} [[ไฟล์:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb|250px|La bannera dâ Grecia]] === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|scn|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|scn|grc|Γραικός}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|scn|/ˈɡrɛ.c̟ja/|[ˈɡr̺ɛː.ʃʲɑ̝]|[ˈɡr̺ɛː.ɕɑ̝]}} * {{hyphenation|scn|Grè|cia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|scn|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f}} # {{tcl|scn|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|scn|grecu}}, {{l|scn|greca}} * {{l|scn|Grecia Antica}} * {{l|scn|Magna Grecia}} == ภาษานาวัตล์ตอนกลาง == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|nhn|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|nhn|กรีซ|id=Q41}} == ภาษาโรมาเนีย == {{wp|ro:}} [[ไฟล์:LocationGreece.png|thumb|Grecia]] === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|ro|Гречия||new cyrl}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ro|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|ro|grc|Γραικός}}; เทียบเท่า{{affix|ro|grec|-ia}}; เทียบ{{cog|rup|Gãrtsia}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|ro|/ˈɡre.t͡ʃi.a/}} * {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Grecia.wav}} * {{rhyme|ro|et͡ʃia|s=3}} * {{hyph|ro|Gre|ci|a}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ro-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|ro|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ro-noun-f-ie|Greci|n=sg}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ro|grec}} / {{l|ro|greacă}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/ro}} == ภาษาสเปน == {{wp|es:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|es|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|es|grc|Γραικός}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-Rodelar-Grecia.wav>}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{es-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|es|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Europe/es}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{es-proper noun|f}} # {{given name|es|female}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|es|Grecia Antigua}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|es|griego}}/{{l|es|griega}} {{cln|es|exonyms}} == ภาษาอัสตูเรียส == {{wp|ast:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ast|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|ast|grc|Γραικός}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ast-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|ast|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ast|griegu}} == ภาษาอิตาลี == {{wp|it:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|it|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|it|grc|Γραικός}} === การออกเสียง === {{it-pr|Grècia<audio:LL-Q652_(ita)-LangPao-Grecia.wav>}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{it-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|it|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|it |greca |grecale |grecheggiare |grecità |grecizzare |greco }} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/it}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{anagrams|it|a=acegir|Geraci|i greca}} {{cln|it|exonyms}} == ภาษาอินเทอร์ลิงกวา == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|ia|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|ia|กรีซ|id=Q41}} pd8gwlbrb30j40qdl70hh9bgi57aqe3 0 11883 5714211 5713545 2026-03-30T05:51:07Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714211 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == {{wp|ประเทศบัลแกเรีย}} [[File:Bulgaria in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศบัลแกเรีย]] [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศบัลแกเรีย]] === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|en|Bulgaria}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|บัน-แก-เรีย|บัล-แก-เรีย}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{place|th|ประเทศ|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|official=สาธารณัรฐบัลแกเรีย|caplc=โซเฟีย}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศในยุโรป}} * กาลิเซีย: {{t+|gl|Bulgaria|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^불가리아}}, {{t+|ko|^벌가리아}} {{q|เกาหลีเหนือ}} * เขมร: {{t|km|ប៊ុលហ្គារី}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|ბულგარეთი}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|ブルガリア|tr=Burugaria}} * บัลแกเรีย: {{t+|bg|Бълга́рия|f}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ဘူဂေးရီးယား}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Bulgarien|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|Болга́рия|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ບຸນກາຣີ}}, {{t|lo|ບູນກາລີ}} * เวียดนาม: {{t|vi|Bun-ga-ri}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Bulgaria}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Բուլղարիա}} * อาหรับ: {{t|ar|بُلْغَارِيَا|f}}, {{t|ar|بَلْغَارْيَا|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} 0k58dnri9oidaeba1b4inobi92esgxw 5714212 5714211 2026-03-30T05:51:52Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714212 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == {{wp|ประเทศบัลแกเรีย}} [[File:Bulgaria in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศบัลแกเรีย]] [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศบัลแกเรีย]] === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|en|Bulgaria}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|บัน-แก-เรีย|บัล-แก-เรีย}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{place|th|ประเทศ|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|official=สาธารณัรฐบัลแกเรีย|caplc=โซเฟีย}} # ชื่อภาษาที่พูดโดยคนในประเทศดังกล่าว ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศในยุโรป}} * กาลิเซีย: {{t+|gl|Bulgaria|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^불가리아}}, {{t+|ko|^벌가리아}} {{q|เกาหลีเหนือ}} * เขมร: {{t|km|ប៊ុលហ្គារី}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|ბულგარეთი}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|ブルガリア|tr=Burugaria}} * บัลแกเรีย: {{t+|bg|Бълга́рия|f}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ဘူဂေးရီးယား}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Bulgarien|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|Болга́рия|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ບຸນກາຣີ}}, {{t|lo|ບູນກາລີ}} * เวียดนาม: {{t|vi|Bun-ga-ri}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Bulgaria}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Բուլղարիա}} * อาหรับ: {{t|ar|بُلْغَارِيَا|f}}, {{t|ar|بَلْغَارْيَا|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} 8h84j69pdyfnwkzuc4il54uof507yhr 5714213 5714212 2026-03-30T05:52:56Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714213 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == {{wp|ประเทศบัลแกเรีย}} [[File:Bulgaria in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศบัลแกเรีย]] [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศบัลแกเรีย]] === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|th|en|Bulgaria}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|บัน-แก-เรีย|บัล-แก-เรีย}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{th-proper noun}} # {{place|th|ประเทศ|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|official=สาธารณรัฐบัลแกเรีย|caplc=โซเฟีย}} # ชื่อภาษาที่พูดโดยคนในประเทศดังกล่าว ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศในยุโรป}} * กาลิเซีย: {{t+|gl|Bulgaria|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^불가리아}}, {{t+|ko|^벌가리아}} {{q|เกาหลีเหนือ}} * เขมร: {{t|km|ប៊ុលហ្គារី}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|ბულგარეთი}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|ブルガリア|tr=Burugaria}} * บัลแกเรีย: {{t+|bg|Бълга́рия|f}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ဘူဂေးရီးယား}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Bulgarien|n}} * รัสเซีย: {{t+|ru|Болга́рия|f}} * ลาว: {{t|lo|ບຸນກາຣີ}}, {{t|lo|ບູນກາລີ}} * เวียดนาม: {{t|vi|Bun-ga-ri}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Bulgaria}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Բուլղարիա}} * อาหรับ: {{t|ar|بُلْغَارِيَا|f}}, {{t|ar|بَلْغَارْيَا|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} fwub594ojwzm9mjjnclffy1yor5h3bh 0 11901 5714217 5703356 2026-03-30T08:39:14Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714217 wikitext text/x-wiki ==ภาษาไทย== {{wp|ประเทศกรีซ}} [[File:Greece in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศกรีซ]] [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศกรีซ]] ===รากศัพท์=== {{bor+|th|en|Greece}}, จาก{{der|th|enm|Grece}}, จาก{{der|th|fro|Grece}}, จาก{{der|th|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|th|grc|Γραικός}} ===การออกเสียง=== {{th-pron|กฺรีส|กฺรี๊ส}} ===คำวิสามานยนาม=== {{th-proper noun}} # {{place|th|country|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|caplc=เอเธนส์|official=สาธารณรัฐเฮลเลนิก}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศหนึ่งในยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้}} * กรีก: {{t+|el|Ελλάδα|f}} *: กรีกโบราณ: {{t|grc|Ἑλλάς|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^그리스}}, {{t|ko|^엘라다}}, {{t+|ko|^희랍(希臘)}} {{q|ล้าสมัย}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|ក្រិក|alt=ស្រុកក្រិក}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|საბერძნეთი}} * จีน: *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|希臘}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|ギリシャ|tr=Girisha}}, {{t+|ja|ギリシア|tr=Girishia}}, {{t+|ja|希臘|tr=ギリシャ, Girisha, ギリシア, Girishia}} {{q|เลิกใช้}} * ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Griekenland|n|tr=ฅรีเกอน์ลันด์}} * ตากาล็อก: {{t+|tl|Gresya}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t+|shn|ႁေႇလသႃႉ|alt=မိူင်းႁေႇလသႃႉ}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|Grécia|f|tr=แกรซียา}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Grèce|f}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ဂရိ|alt=ဂရိနိုင်ငံ}} * มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|Yunani}}, {{t|ms|Greece}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Griechenland|n}} * โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|Grecia|f}} * ลาว: {{t+|lo|ເກຣັກ|alt=ປະເທດເກຣັກ}}, {{t+|lo|ກຣີກ|alt=ປະເທດກຣີກ}} * เวียดนาม: {{t+|vi|Hy Lạp}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|Grecia|f}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Greece|tr=กรีส}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Հունաստան}} * อาหรับ: {{t+|ar|الْيُونَان|f}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Grecia|f}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|Yunani}}, {{t+|id|Greece}} {{q|ไม่เป็นมาตรฐาน}} * เอสเปรันโต: {{t|eo|Grekio}}, {{t|eo|Grekujo}}, {{t|eo|Greklando}}, {{t|eo|Helenujo}}, {{t|eo|La Helena Respubliko}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|यूनान|m}}, {{t+|hi|ग्रीस|m}} * ฮีบรู: {{t+|he|יוון|alt=יָוָן|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} tcjycttedeumyrg4mnxyil0odc2b1eq 5714218 5714217 2026-03-30T08:39:26Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714218 wikitext text/x-wiki ==ภาษาไทย== {{wp|ประเทศกรีซ}} [[File:Greece in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศกรีซ]] [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศกรีซ]] ===รากศัพท์=== {{bor+|th|en|Greece}}, จาก{{der|th|enm|Grece}}, จาก{{der|th|fro|Grece}}, จาก{{der|th|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|th|grc|Γραικός}} ===การออกเสียง=== {{th-pron|กฺรีส|กฺรี๊ส}} ===คำวิสามานยนาม=== {{th-proper noun}} # {{place|th|ประเทศ|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|caplc=เอเธนส์|official=สาธารณรัฐเฮลเลนิก}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศหนึ่งในยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้}} * กรีก: {{t+|el|Ελλάδα|f}} *: กรีกโบราณ: {{t|grc|Ἑλλάς|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^그리스}}, {{t|ko|^엘라다}}, {{t+|ko|^희랍(希臘)}} {{q|ล้าสมัย}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|ក្រិក|alt=ស្រុកក្រិក}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|საბერძნეთი}} * จีน: *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|希臘}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|ギリシャ|tr=Girisha}}, {{t+|ja|ギリシア|tr=Girishia}}, {{t+|ja|希臘|tr=ギリシャ, Girisha, ギリシア, Girishia}} {{q|เลิกใช้}} * ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Griekenland|n|tr=ฅรีเกอน์ลันด์}} * ตากาล็อก: {{t+|tl|Gresya}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t+|shn|ႁေႇလသႃႉ|alt=မိူင်းႁေႇလသႃႉ}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|Grécia|f|tr=แกรซียา}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Grèce|f}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ဂရိ|alt=ဂရိနိုင်ငံ}} * มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|Yunani}}, {{t|ms|Greece}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Griechenland|n}} * โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|Grecia|f}} * ลาว: {{t+|lo|ເກຣັກ|alt=ປະເທດເກຣັກ}}, {{t+|lo|ກຣີກ|alt=ປະເທດກຣີກ}} * เวียดนาม: {{t+|vi|Hy Lạp}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|Grecia|f}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Greece|tr=กรีส}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Հունաստան}} * อาหรับ: {{t+|ar|الْيُونَان|f}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Grecia|f}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|Yunani}}, {{t+|id|Greece}} {{q|ไม่เป็นมาตรฐาน}} * เอสเปรันโต: {{t|eo|Grekio}}, {{t|eo|Grekujo}}, {{t|eo|Greklando}}, {{t|eo|Helenujo}}, {{t|eo|La Helena Respubliko}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|यूनान|m}}, {{t+|hi|ग्रीस|m}} * ฮีบรู: {{t+|he|יוון|alt=יָוָן|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} 5s0d6fwlevhfh8rg8rli85zkwbghelv 5714220 5714218 2026-03-30T08:49:07Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714220 wikitext text/x-wiki ==ภาษาไทย== {{wp|ประเทศกรีซ}} [[File:Greece in its region.svg|thumb|ประเทศกรีซ]] [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb|ธงชาติของประเทศกรีซ]] ===รากศัพท์=== {{bor+|th|en|Greece}}, จาก{{der|th|enm|Grece}}, จาก{{der|th|fro|Grece}}, จาก{{der|th|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|th|grc|Γραικός}} ===การออกเสียง=== {{th-pron|กฺรีส|กฺรี๊ส}} ===คำวิสามานยนาม=== {{th-proper noun}} # {{senseid|th|Q41}}{{place|th|ประเทศ|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|caplc=เอเธนส์|official=สาธารณรัฐเฮลเลนิก}} ==== คำแปลภาษาอื่น ==== {{trans-top|ประเทศหนึ่งในยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้}} * กรีก: {{t+|el|Ελλάδα|f}} *: กรีกโบราณ: {{t|grc|Ἑλλάς|f}} * เกาหลี: {{t+|ko|^그리스}}, {{t|ko|^엘라다}}, {{t+|ko|^희랍(希臘)}} {{q|ล้าสมัย}} * เขมร: {{t+|km|ក្រិក|alt=ស្រុកក្រិក}} * จอร์เจีย: {{t+|ka|საბერძნეთი}} * จีน: *: จีนกลาง: {{t+|cmn|希臘}} * ญี่ปุ่น: {{t+|ja|ギリシャ|tr=Girisha}}, {{t+|ja|ギリシア|tr=Girishia}}, {{t+|ja|希臘|tr=ギリシャ, Girisha, ギリシア, Girishia}} {{q|เลิกใช้}} * ดัตช์: {{t+|nl|Griekenland|n|tr=ฅรีเกอน์ลันด์}} * ตากาล็อก: {{t+|tl|Gresya}} * ไทใหญ่: {{t+|shn|ႁေႇလသႃႉ|alt=မိူင်းႁေႇလသႃႉ}} * โปรตุเกส: {{t+|pt|Grécia|f|tr=แกรซียา}} * ฝรั่งเศส: {{t+|fr|Grèce|f}} * พม่า: {{t|my|ဂရိ|alt=ဂရိနိုင်ငံ}} * มาเลเซีย: {{t+|ms|Yunani}}, {{t|ms|Greece}} * เยอรมัน: {{t+|de|Griechenland|n}} * โรมาเนีย: {{t+|ro|Grecia|f}} * ลาว: {{t+|lo|ເກຣັກ|alt=ປະເທດເກຣັກ}}, {{t+|lo|ກຣີກ|alt=ປະເທດກຣີກ}} * เวียดนาม: {{t+|vi|Hy Lạp}} * สเปน: {{t+|es|Grecia|f}} * อังกฤษ: {{t+|en|Greece|tr=กรีส}} * อาร์มีเนีย: {{t+|hy|Հունաստան}} * อาหรับ: {{t+|ar|الْيُونَان|f}} * อิตาลี: {{t+|it|Grecia|f}} * อินโดนีเซีย: {{t+|id|Yunani}}, {{t+|id|Greece}} {{q|ไม่เป็นมาตรฐาน}} * เอสเปรันโต: {{t|eo|Grekio}}, {{t|eo|Grekujo}}, {{t|eo|Greklando}}, {{t|eo|Helenujo}}, {{t|eo|La Helena Respubliko}} * ฮินดี: {{t+|hi|यूनान|m}}, {{t+|hi|ग्रीस|m}} * ฮีบรู: {{t+|he|יוון|alt=יָוָן|f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{topics|th|ประเทศ}} e4mj6yd15ubkfdl648njisi625gk8sn 0 12573 5714214 1875843 2026-03-30T06:47:36Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย */ 5714214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาเซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|sh|it|ciao}} === การออกเสียง === * {{sh-IPA|ćȃo}} === คำอุทาน === {{sh-intj|ćȃo}} # {{lb|sh|ไม่ทางการ}} [[สวัสดี]]! # {{lb|sh|ไม่ทางการ}} [[ลาก่อน]]! ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|sh|zdravo}} {{cln|sh|คำทักทาย|คำอำลา}} 654b9s112zwfx1ft526qc8b4o89dbcv 0 12919 5713900 2187946 2026-03-30T03:33:41Z Octahedron80 267 เก็บกวาด 5713900 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไอริช == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|ga|/bʲiə/}} === รากศัพท์ 1 === {{inh+|ga|sga|bíad}} (เทียบ{{cog|gd|biadh}}), จาก{{inh|ga|cel-pro|*bētom}} (เทียบ{{cog|cy|bwyd}}) ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{alt|ga|biadh||superseded}} ==== คำนาม ==== {{ga-noun|m|~|~nna}} # [[อาหาร]] #* {{RQ:ga:Finck|II|43}} #*: ''īmšə gax ilə hōŕc '''biə'''.'' #*:: {{quote|ga|q=conventional orthography|Ithimse gach uile shórt '''bia'''. |I eat every kind of food.}} #* {{RQ:ga:Finck|II|43}} #*: ''ńȧrtr̥ gax dinə lē '''biə''' mŭȧ.'' #*:: {{quote|ga|q=conventional orthography|Neartar gach duine le '''bia''' maith. |Everyone is strengthened by good food.}} # ส่วนในของเปลือก, เปลือก, อาหาร # [[สสาร]] ===== การผันรูป ===== {{ga-decl-m4|b|ia|ianna}} ===== ลูกคำ ===== {{col4|ga |bia-eolaí |bia-eolaíocht |bia stáin |biachlár |bia éanáin |biafhachtóir |biamhar |biadhamhail |banc bia |aiste bia |réim bia }} === รากศัพท์ 2 === {{inh+|ga|sga|·bia}} ==== คำกริยา ==== {{head|ga|รูปกริยา}} # {{lb|ga|obsolete}} {{inflection of|ga|bí||futr|analytic|dependent}} === การเปลี่ยนรูป === {{ga-mut}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:ga:Ó Dónaill}} * {{R:DIL|5813|head=biad}} {{topics|ga|Food and drink}} == ภาษาเวียดนาม == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|vi|fr|bière}}, จาก{{der|vi|en|beer}} === การออกเสียง === {{vi-pron}} === คำนาม === {{vi-noun}} # [[เบียร์]] dce7lz16ftcj9hfqnviiuoxxsc3i8ak 0 14826 5714219 1915588 2026-03-30T08:42:33Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาอังกฤษ */ เก็บกวาด 5714219 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Europe}} {{wp|en:}} [[ไฟล์:LocationGreece.png|thumb|Greece]] === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|en|enm|Grece}}, จาก{{der|en|fro|Grece}}, จาก{{der|en|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|en|grc|Γραικός}}; แทนที่{{ncog|ang|Grēcland}} ซึ่งมาจากละตินคำเดียวกัน === การออกเสียง === * {{enPR|grēs}}, {{IPA|en|/ɡɹiːs/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-Greece.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Greece.wav|a=UK}} * {{rhymes|en|iːs|s=1}} * {{homophones|en|grease}} {{qualifier|in some accents}}<!--some accents pronounce this word /gri:z/ for the verb--> === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-proper noun}} # [[กรีซ]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|en|Greekland}} {{q|พบได้ยาก, ตอนนี้ไม่เป็นมาตรฐาน}} * {{l|en|Hellas}} * {{l|en|Hellenic Republic}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|en|Western Greece}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|iba|Gerika|bor=1}} * {{desc|ko|^그리스|bor=1}} * {{desc|te|గ్రీసు|గ్రీస్|bor=1}} * {{desc|th|กรีซ|bor=1}} * {{desc|tum|Grisi|bor=1}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Europe/en}} {{cln|en|eponyms|exonyms}} ar98ww45gnemcqcghrm7vdng8l2v6ch 5714224 5714219 2026-03-30T08:54:58Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714224 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/en:map/Europe}} {{wp|en:}} [[ไฟล์:LocationGreece.png|thumb|Greece]] === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|en|enm|Grece}}, จาก{{der|en|fro|Grece}}, จาก{{der|en|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|en|grc|Γραικός}}; แทนที่{{ncog|ang|Grēcland}} ซึ่งมาจากละตินคำเดียวกัน === การออกเสียง === * {{enPR|grēs}}, {{IPA|en|/ɡɹiːs/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-Greece.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Soundguys-Greece.wav|a=UK}} * {{rhymes|en|iːs|s=1}} * {{homophones|en|grease}} {{qualifier|in some accents}}<!--some accents pronounce this word /gri:z/ for the verb--> === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-proper noun}} # {{tcl|en|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|en|Greekland}} {{q|พบได้ยาก, ตอนนี้ไม่เป็นมาตรฐาน}} * {{l|en|Hellas}} * {{l|en|Hellenic Republic}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|en|Western Greece}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|iba|Gerika|bor=1}} * {{desc|ko|^그리스|bor=1}} * {{desc|te|గ్రీసు|గ్రీస్|bor=1}} * {{desc|th|กรีซ|bor=1}} * {{desc|tum|Grisi|bor=1}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Europe/en}} {{cln|en|eponyms|exonyms}} 0cd3gkcakjzddtlblbadzvpdtyvt18n 0 14845 5714249 1916327 2026-03-30T09:44:43Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฝรั่งเศส */ เก็บกวาด 5714249 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|fr|Græce||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|fr|fro|Grece}}, จาก{{der|fr|la|Graecia}} <!-- not sure if inh or slb --> === การออกเสียง === * {{fr-IPA}} * {{IPA|fr|/ɡʁɛːs/|a=Belgium}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-la Grèce-fr BE.ogg|a=Belgium}} * {{IPA|fr|[ɡʁaɛ̯s]|a=Quebec}} * {{audio|fr|Qc-Grèce.ogg|a=Quebec}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Fhala.K-Grèce.wav}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-Grèce.wav|a=<<Switzerland>> (<<Valais>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Grèce.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Paris>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-Grèce.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Vosges>>)}} * {{rhymes|fr|ɛs|s=1}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fr-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|fr|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|fr|Grèce antique}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|fr|Grec}}/ {{l|fr|Grecque}} * {{l|fr|grec}} / {{l|fr|grecque}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/fr}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{l|fr|gercé}} {{cln|fr|exonyms}} 8o7g4utk087vccg9ee6r2yde826mmud 0 14846 5714320 1916322 2026-03-30T11:01:36Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฝรั่งเศส */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714320 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษานอร์มัน == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|nrf|fr|Cambodge}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{nrf-proper noun|f}} # {{lb|nrf|Jersey}} {{tcl|nrf|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|nrf|Cambodia}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == {{wp|fr:}} === รากศัพท์ === ยืมมาจาก{{w|เขมรกลาง}} ''Kambuja'' ({{der|fr|km|កម្ពុជា}}) === การออกเสียง === * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Cambodge.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Paris>>)}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fr-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|fr|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|en|bor=1|Cambodia}} ** {{desc|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား|bor=1}} ** {{desc|dv|ކެމްބޯޑިއާ|bor=1}} ** {{desc|haw|bor=1|Kamabodia}} ** {{desc|he|קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|bor=1}} ** {{desc|hi|कंबोडिया|कम्बोडिया|bor=1}} ** {{desc|ja|bor=1|カンボジア|tr=Kanbojia}} ** {{desc|ko|bor=1|^캄보디아}} ** {{desc|tl|Kambodya|bor=1}} ** {{desc|ur|کَمْبوڈِیا|bor=1}} * {{desc|fa|bor=1|کامبوج|tr=kâmboj}} * {{desctree|ru|bor=1|Камбоджа}} * {{desc|vi|bor=1|Cam Bốt}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|fr|Kampuchéa}} {{list:countries in Asia/fr}} {{cln|fr|exonyms}} rydvu06zz02q8qkt1xnh5wlystznpti 0 14854 5714227 1916586 2026-03-30T08:56:35Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714227 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|ko|en|Greece}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-proper noun}} # {{tcl|ko|กรีซ|id=Q41}} {{topics|ko|ประเทศ}} da55neg0zpi9m2kid9hvwiz9uogs340 0 14855 5714281 1916648 2026-03-30T10:30:10Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714281 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ko|en|Cambodia}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} {{ko-regional|^캄보디아|^캄보쟈}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-pos|proper noun}} # {{tcl||กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #* {{quote-av|ko|year=2005|author=w:Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|actor=w:Jung Ho-keun|role=Cha Ji-chul|title={{w|5th Republic (TV series)|5th Republic}}|season=|number=1|time=|text=}} #*: {{ux|ko|[[각하]], [[맞다|맞]][[-습니다]]. [[^캄보디아]][[-에서]][[-도]] 3[[백만]] [[명]][[-을]] [[죽다|죽였다]][[-는데]] [[우리]][[-가]] 백만[[-이나]] 2백만 [[정도]] [[희생]][[시키다|시키는]] [[거]][[-야]] [[뭐]]-가 [[문제]]-가 되겠[[-습니까]]?|{{w|Park Chung-hee|Mr. President}}, you're right. {{w|Cambodian genocide|3 million were killed in '''Cambodia'''}}, so what's the matter if we {{w|Busan–Masan Uprising|sacrifice 1 million or 2 million}}?}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|ko|^캄푸치아}} ==== Coordinate terms ==== {{list:countries in Asia/ko}} glpieo2hyo0y3a0cgb0vbhz3koyk6n3 5714282 5714281 2026-03-30T10:30:26Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714282 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ko|en|Cambodia}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} {{ko-regional|^캄보디아|^캄보쟈}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-pos|proper noun}} # {{tcl|ko|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #* {{quote-av|ko|year=2005|author=w:Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation|actor=w:Jung Ho-keun|role=Cha Ji-chul|title={{w|5th Republic (TV series)|5th Republic}}|season=|number=1|time=|text=}} #*: {{ux|ko|[[각하]], [[맞다|맞]][[-습니다]]. [[^캄보디아]][[-에서]][[-도]] 3[[백만]] [[명]][[-을]] [[죽다|죽였다]][[-는데]] [[우리]][[-가]] 백만[[-이나]] 2백만 [[정도]] [[희생]][[시키다|시키는]] [[거]][[-야]] [[뭐]]-가 [[문제]]-가 되겠[[-습니까]]?|{{w|Park Chung-hee|Mr. President}}, you're right. {{w|Cambodian genocide|3 million were killed in '''Cambodia'''}}, so what's the matter if we {{w|Busan–Masan Uprising|sacrifice 1 million or 2 million}}?}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|ko|^캄푸치아}} ==== Coordinate terms ==== {{list:countries in Asia/ko}} 3e6qbs9wdnfzqts90p8hwwbtsa3tx6b 0 14868 5714300 4910242 2026-03-30T10:48:02Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714300 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|gloss=-|ss=𫠣埔𰌻|alt=*東埔寨-รูปสะกดผิด}} {{wp|zh:,yue:,lzh:,gan:,hak:Kampuchea,cdo:Kampuchea,nan:Kán-po͘-chē,wuu:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|zh|xhm|kambuja}}, {{m|xhm|kambujja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃbūjja}}, {{m|xhm|kumvuja}}, {{m|xhm|kāmabūja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃmbujja}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|zh|sa|कम्बोज}}; เทียบ{{cog|km|កម្ពុជ}}, {{cog|km|កម្ពុជា}} {{rfe|zh|via Min? especially considering usage of 埔}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=Jiǎnpǔzhài |c=gaan2 bou3 zaai6,gaan2 pou4 zaai6 |h=pfs=Kián-phû-chhai |mn=xm,tw:Kán-po͘-chē/xm,qz:Kán-phó͘-chē/zz:Kán-pho͘-chēe |mn-t=gang2 bou1 zê7 |w=sh:5ci phu za |cat=pn }} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|zh|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|zh|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #* {{quote-book|zh|year=1618||author=w:zh:張燮|title=w:zh:東西洋考 |volume=3|page=8|pageurl=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHarvard_drs_23514044_東西洋考_v.2.pdf&page=9}} #*: {{zh-q|'''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨>，即 古 ^真臘 國 也。其 國 自 呼 ^甘-孛-智，後 訛 為{wéi} ^甘-破-蔗，今 云 '''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨> 者，又 ^甘-破-蔗 之 訛 也。||CL}} #* {{quote-book|zh|year=1730|author=w:zh:陳倫烱|title=w:zh:海國聞見錄|volume=zh:上卷|page=21|pageurl=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ANLC403-312001062971-17438_海國聞見錄_卷一.pdf&page=36}} #*: {{zh-q|^廣南 沿 山海 至 ^占{Zhān}城、^祿賴，繞 西 而 至 '''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨>。^廈{xià}門 至 ^占{Zhān}城，水程 一百 更{gēng}；至 '''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨>，水程 一百 一 十 三 更{gēng}。||CL}} ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== Commonly misrendered as {{zh-l|*東埔寨}} in pre-modern texts. ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{q|รูปสั้น}} {{zh-l|柬國}} * {{q|ล้าสมัย หรือภาษาถิ่น}} {{zh-l|高棉}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|zh|柬埔寨人|柬埔寨語}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|khb|ᦶᦋᧃᦘᦴᦈᦻᧈ|bor=1}} * {{desc|za|Genjbujcai|bor=1}} == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|かん|ほ|k2=ぼ||yomi=irr}} === รากศัพท์ === รูปคันจินี้เป็นตัวอย่างหนึ่งของ {{ateji|sort=かんほしあ}}, จาก{{bor|ja|zh|sort=かんほしあ|柬埔寨}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper|カンボジア}} # {{dated spelling of|ja|カンボジア|tr=Kanbojia}}: {{tcl|ja|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} 88dmdhuvqj2c0z1xwq0d51k2ftpmhnr 5714301 5714300 2026-03-30T10:49:12Z Octahedron80 267 /* หมายเหตุการใช้ */ 5714301 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|gloss=-|ss=𫠣埔𰌻|alt=*東埔寨-รูปสะกดผิด}} {{wp|zh:,yue:,lzh:,gan:,hak:Kampuchea,cdo:Kampuchea,nan:Kán-po͘-chē,wuu:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|zh|xhm|kambuja}}, {{m|xhm|kambujja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃbūjja}}, {{m|xhm|kumvuja}}, {{m|xhm|kāmabūja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃmbujja}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|zh|sa|कम्बोज}}; เทียบ{{cog|km|កម្ពុជ}}, {{cog|km|កម្ពុជា}} {{rfe|zh|via Min? especially considering usage of 埔}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=Jiǎnpǔzhài |c=gaan2 bou3 zaai6,gaan2 pou4 zaai6 |h=pfs=Kián-phû-chhai |mn=xm,tw:Kán-po͘-chē/xm,qz:Kán-phó͘-chē/zz:Kán-pho͘-chēe |mn-t=gang2 bou1 zê7 |w=sh:5ci phu za |cat=pn }} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|zh|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|zh|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #* {{quote-book|zh|year=1618||author=w:zh:張燮|title=w:zh:東西洋考 |volume=3|page=8|pageurl=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHarvard_drs_23514044_東西洋考_v.2.pdf&page=9}} #*: {{zh-q|'''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨>，即 古 ^真臘 國 也。其 國 自 呼 ^甘-孛-智，後 訛 為{wéi} ^甘-破-蔗，今 云 '''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨> 者，又 ^甘-破-蔗 之 訛 也。||CL}} #* {{quote-book|zh|year=1730|author=w:zh:陳倫烱|title=w:zh:海國聞見錄|volume=zh:上卷|page=21|pageurl=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ANLC403-312001062971-17438_海國聞見錄_卷一.pdf&page=36}} #*: {{zh-q|^廣南 沿 山海 至 ^占{Zhān}城、^祿賴，繞 西 而 至 '''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨>。^廈{xià}門 至 ^占{Zhān}城，水程 一百 更{gēng}；至 '''柬埔寨\^東埔寨''' <sic:柬埔寨>，水程 一百 一 十 三 更{gēng}。||CL}} ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== มักเขียนผิดเป็น {{zh-l|*東埔寨}} ในตำราสมัยก่อน ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{q|รูปสั้น}} {{zh-l|柬國}} * {{q|ล้าสมัย หรือภาษาถิ่น}} {{zh-l|高棉}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|zh|柬埔寨人|柬埔寨語}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|khb|ᦶᦋᧃᦘᦴᦈᦻᧈ|bor=1}} * {{desc|za|Genjbujcai|bor=1}} == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|かん|ほ|k2=ぼ||yomi=irr}} === รากศัพท์ === รูปคันจินี้เป็นตัวอย่างหนึ่งของ {{ateji|sort=かんほしあ}}, จาก{{bor|ja|zh|sort=かんほしあ|柬埔寨}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper|カンボジア}} # {{dated spelling of|ja|カンボジア|tr=Kanbojia}}: {{tcl|ja|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} jaiuk6we3hii3uquenf5pgek0gzs0r9 0 14919 5714305 1915038 2026-03-30T10:52:25Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714305 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|alt=柬埔寨:dated,柬蒲寨:dated,柬蒲塞:dated}} {{wp|ja:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{ja-r|^カンボディア}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ja|en|Cambodia}};<ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref>{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> {{dbt|ja|南瓜<tr:kabocha>}} === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|カンボジア|acc=0}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper|hkata=カンボヂア}} # {{tcl|ja|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{ja-r|カンボジア王%国|^カンボジア ^おう%こく}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{ja-r|南瓜|カボチャ|[[squash]]}} * {{ja-r|カンプチア|^カンプチア|[[Kampuchea]]}} === อ้างอิง === <references/> {{cln|ja|exonyms}} 0mcyzx8iv8eww3bzfh7mbg6cnrxi34j 5714306 5714305 2026-03-30T10:52:44Z Octahedron80 267 /* ดูเพิ่ม */ 5714306 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|alt=柬埔寨:dated,柬蒲寨:dated,柬蒲塞:dated}} {{wp|ja:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{ja-r|^カンボディア}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ja|en|Cambodia}};<ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref>{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> {{dbt|ja|南瓜<tr:kabocha>}} === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|カンボジア|acc=0}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper|hkata=カンボヂア}} # {{tcl|ja|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{ja-r|カンボジア王%国|^カンボジア ^おう%こく}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{ja-r|南瓜|カボチャ|[[squash]]}} * {{ja-r|カンプチア|^カンプチア|[[กัมปูเจีย]]}} === อ้างอิง === <references/> {{cln|ja|exonyms}} tlcqi8t82ysenrf75ns2m5ouapudb2a 5714310 5714306 2026-03-30T10:55:31Z Octahedron80 267 /* ดูเพิ่ม */ 5714310 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|alt=柬埔寨:dated,柬蒲寨:dated,柬蒲塞:dated}} {{wp|ja:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{ja-r|^カンボディア}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ja|en|Cambodia}};<ref>{{R:Daijisen}}</ref><ref>{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> {{dbt|ja|南瓜<tr:kabocha>}} === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|カンボジア|acc=0}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper|hkata=カンボヂア}} # {{tcl|ja|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{ja-r|カンボジア王%国|^カンボジア ^おう%こく}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{ja-r|南瓜|カボチャ|[[ฟักทองญี่ปุ่น]]}} * {{ja-r|カンプチア|^カンプチア|[[กัมปูเจีย]]}} === อ้างอิง === <references/> {{cln|ja|exonyms}} ef8t926w4iu43wsidljmb980hc6ffty 0 14938 5714351 1549416 2026-03-30T11:22:41Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฮินดี */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714351 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮินดี == {{wp|hi:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alter|hi|कम्बोडिया}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|hi|en|Cambodia}}, จาก{{der|hi|km|កម្ពុជា}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|hi|sa|कम्बोज}}; {{doublet|hi|कंबोज}}. === การออกเสียง === * {{hi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hi-proper noun|m|ur=کمبوڈیا}} # {{tcl|hi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hi-ndecl|<M.unmarked.sg>}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|hi|कंबोडियाई}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Asia/hi}} ejzi6gqpshyunu0lmce3y06skt4m8cc 5714352 5714351 2026-03-30T11:22:50Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5714352 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮินดี == {{wp|hi:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alter|hi|कम्बोडिया}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|hi|en|Cambodia}}, จาก{{der|hi|km|កម្ពុជា}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|hi|sa|कम्बोज}}; {{doublet|hi|कंबोज}} === การออกเสียง === * {{hi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hi-proper noun|m|ur=کمبوڈیا}} # {{tcl|hi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hi-ndecl|<M.unmarked.sg>}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|hi|कंबोडियाई}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Asia/hi}} hnd8qmnqfwzm2ts6cs1yxol1iv33fa3 0 14946 5714280 1243166 2026-03-30T10:28:47Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714280 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเติร์กเมน == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|tk|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|tk|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{wp|en:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{uder|en|sa|कम्बोज|कम्बोज~काम्बोज}}, but {{unc|en|unclear}}. The word is supposed by some scholars<!--Dr C. Lassen, Dr M. Witzel and numerous others--> to be related to [[Kambujiya]], although "there are also scholars who denounce a connection between Kamboja and Kambujiya [...] and who defend another etymology".<ref>{{R:ira:Tavernier|page=19}}, citing Benveniste 1958: 48n.1</ref> Compare {{m|en|Cambodia}}, {{m|en|Kampuchea}}, {{m|en|Kambuja}}, {{m|en|Kamboj}} and {{w|Kamboja (name)|''Kamboja''}}. === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/kɑmˈboʊ.d͡ʒə/|a=GA}} * {{IPA|en|/kɒmˈbəʊ.d͡ʒə/|a=RP}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Sapaa-Kamboja.wav|a=US}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-proper noun}} # ภูมิภาคโบราณใน[[อิหร่าน]] ซึ่งเดิมทีตั้งอยู่ใน[[เอเชียกลาง]] #* {{quote-text|en|year=1995|author=Narendra K Wagle|title=Society at the time of the Buddha|page=35 |passage=Denying this claim, the Buddha tells Assalayana how in Yona and '''Kamboja''' and other outlying regions there are two ''vannas'', the master and the slave, and that it is possible for a master to become a slave or for a slave to become a master.}} === คำนาม === {{en-noun|s|*}} # สมาชิกของชนชาติอิหร่านจากภูมิภาคดังกล่าว #* {{quote-book|en|author=Barbara A. West|date=19 May 2010|title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=359|ISBN=978-1-4381-1913-7|passage=Some Kshatriya Tribes of Ancient India, B C Law, 124, P. 230-31 "... in a list of ancient Vedic teachers given in the Vamsa Brahmana of the Samveda..we find one of the teachers in the line to be Kamboja Aupamanyava, that is, Kamboja, the son of Upamanyu....the fact stands out without any possible doubt that a sage from among the '''Kamboja''' people, had found a place in the list of the great ancient teachers by whom the Vedic lore was kept up and handed on, and there is no room for any hesitation in saying that the '''Kambojas''' in Vedic times formed an important section of the Vedic Indian people.}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|en|Cambodia}} * {{l|en|Camboj}}, {{l|en|Kambhoj}}, {{l|en|Kambhoja}}, {{l|en|Kampuchea}} * {{l|en|Kamboj}}, {{l|en|Kamboh}} * {{l|pgd|𐨐𐨨𐨂𐨁𐨀}} === อ้างอิง === <references/> == ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย == {{wp|id:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|id|km|កម្ពុជា}}, จาก{{der|id|pi|kamboja|t=}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|id|sa|काम्बोज|pos=the name of a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture}}; {{doublet|id|kemboja}} === การออกเสียง === {{id-pr}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|id|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|id|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{alt|ms|Kemboja||Brunei|Malaysia|Singapore}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Asia/id}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:KBBI Daring}} h2hr6u1qdc8gq7jewe7d6ih6m60r0hx 0 14953 5714315 1916119 2026-03-30T10:58:21Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษารัสเซีย */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714315 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคาซัค == {{kk-alt}} {{wp|kk:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{kk-proper noun}} # {{tcl|kk|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาบัลแกเรีย == {{wp|bg:}} === การออกเสียง === {{bg-pr|Камбо́джа|a=[KK]}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{bg-proper noun|Камбо́джа|f|adj=камбоджа́нски}} # {{tcl|bg|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{bg-ndecl|Камбо́джа<(v)/n:sg>}} == ภาษาเบลารุส == {{wp|be:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{be-IPA|Камбо́джа}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{be-proper noun|Камбо́джа<sg>}} # {{tcl|be|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{be-ndecl|Камбо́джа<sg>}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:be:slounik.org}} == ภาษาแบชเคียร์ == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ba-proper noun}} # {{tcl|ba|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษายูเครน == {{wp|uk:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{uk-IPA|Камбо́джа}} * {{audio|uk|LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-Камбоджа.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{uk-proper noun|Камбо́джа<sg>|adj=камбоджі́йський}} # {{tcl|uk|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_official=uk:Королі́вство Камбо́джа}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{uk-ndecl|Камбо́джа<sg>}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|uk|камбоджі́єць|g=m}}, {{l|uk|камбоджі́йка|g=f}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Asia/uk}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:uk:Horokh}} == ภาษารัสเซีย == {{wp|ru:}} === รากศัพท์ === Possibly via {{bor|ru|de|Kambodscha}} from {{bor|ru|fr|Cambodge}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|ru|km|កម្ពុជា}}, จาก{{der|ru|sa|काम्बोज}}. === การออกเสียง === * {{ru-IPA|Камбо́джа}} * {{audio|ru|Ru-Камбоджа.ogg}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ru-proper noun+|Камбо́джа|adj=камбоджи́йский}} # {{tcl|ru|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #: {{syn|ru|Кампучи́я}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ru-noun-table|Камбо́джа|n=sg}} {{ru-noun-table|Камбо́джа|n=sg|old=1}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ru|камбоджи́ец}}, {{l|ru|камбоджи́йка}} * {{l|ru|камбоджи́йский}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|tk|Kamboja|bor=1}} * {{desc|tg|Камбоҷа|bor=1}} * {{desc|ug|كامبودژا|bor=1}} * {{desc|ky|Камбожа|bor=1}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|ru|Пномпе́нь}} * {{l|ru|кхмер}}, {{l|ru|кхме́рка}} * {{l|ru|кхме́рский}} {{list:countries in Asia/ru}} {{cln|ru|exonyms}} l4astjrxm89357cvtav5jregq97z4i5 5714318 5714315 2026-03-30T10:59:45Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5714318 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคาซัค == {{kk-alt}} {{wp|kk:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{kk-proper noun}} # {{tcl|kk|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาบัลแกเรีย == {{wp|bg:}} === การออกเสียง === {{bg-pr|Камбо́джа|a=[KK]}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{bg-proper noun|Камбо́джа|f|adj=камбоджа́нски}} # {{tcl|bg|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{bg-ndecl|Камбо́джа<(v)/n:sg>}} == ภาษาเบลารุส == {{wp|be:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{be-IPA|Камбо́джа}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{be-proper noun|Камбо́джа<sg>}} # {{tcl|be|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{be-ndecl|Камбо́джа<sg>}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:be:slounik.org}} == ภาษาแบชเคียร์ == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ba-proper noun}} # {{tcl|ba|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษายูเครน == {{wp|uk:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{uk-IPA|Камбо́джа}} * {{audio|uk|LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-Камбоджа.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{uk-proper noun|Камбо́джа<sg>|adj=камбоджі́йський}} # {{tcl|uk|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_official=uk:Королі́вство Камбо́джа}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{uk-ndecl|Камбо́джа<sg>}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|uk|камбоджі́єць|g=m}}, {{l|uk|камбоджі́йка|g=f}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Asia/uk}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:uk:Horokh}} == ภาษารัสเซีย == {{wp|ru:}} === รากศัพท์ === เป็นไปได้ว่าผ่าน{{bor|ru|de|Kambodscha}}, จาก{{bor|ru|fr|Cambodge}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|ru|km|កម្ពុជា}}, จาก{{der|ru|sa|काम्बोज}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ru-IPA|Камбо́джа}} * {{audio|ru|Ru-Камбоджа.ogg}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ru-proper noun+|Камбо́джа|adj=камбоджи́йский}} # {{tcl|ru|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #: {{syn|ru|Кампучи́я}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ru-noun-table|Камбо́джа|n=sg}} {{ru-noun-table|Камбо́джа|n=sg|old=1}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ru|камбоджи́ец}}, {{l|ru|камбоджи́йка}} * {{l|ru|камбоджи́йский}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|tk|Kamboja|bor=1}} * {{desc|tg|Камбоҷа|bor=1}} * {{desc|ug|كامبودژا|bor=1}} * {{desc|ky|Камбожа|bor=1}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|ru|Пномпе́нь}} * {{l|ru|кхмер}}, {{l|ru|кхме́рка}} * {{l|ru|кхме́рский}} {{list:countries in Asia/ru}} {{cln|ru|exonyms}} 2kqbbdksx1x3yi5hlee51nec9lzze20 0 14964 5714274 1757326 2026-03-30T10:20:57Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714274 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากรีก == {{wp|el:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|el|fr|Cambodge}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|el|/kamˈbo.d͡zi/}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{el-noun-proper|f}} # {{tcl|el|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{el-nF-η-2b|Καμπότζ}} caqoim0lozlvfu8t0a805f00x5cupvo 0 14974 5714341 5029694 2026-03-30T11:15:12Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาอาหรับ */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714341 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|كَمْبُودِيَا<tr:kambōdiyā>|f}} # {{alternative form of|ar|كَامْبُودِيَا||กัมพูชา|tr=kambōdiyā}} ay1wy0iimxfnm67xghvvle2sm66gjry 5714342 5714341 2026-03-30T11:15:24Z Octahedron80 267 5714342 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|كَمْبُودِيَا|f}} # {{alternative form of|ar|كَامْبُودِيَا||กัมพูชา|tr=kambōdiyā}} 6mci2z82qj4i6fwm4nrjze66vml9r6m 5714343 5714342 2026-03-30T11:15:34Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาอาหรับ */ 5714343 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|كَمْبُودِيَا|f}} # {{alternative form of|ar|كَامْبُودِيَا||กัมพูชา}} 76sjei4ocq5f60hz1i8hhj8d2liy1em 0 14985 5714353 1916299 2026-03-30T11:24:48Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฮีบรู */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714353 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮีบรู == {{wp|he:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|he|en|Cambodia}} และคำร่วมเชื้อสายต่าง ๆ === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|he|LL-Q9288 (heb)-Uziel302-קמבודיה.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{he-proper noun|wv=קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|g=f}} # {{tcl|he|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}}, ชื่อทางการ {{m|he||[[ממלכה#Hebrew|מַמְלֶכֶת]]־קַמְבּוֹדְיָה|ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา}}, ชื่อเดิม {{m|he|קַמְפּוּצִ׳יאָה||กัมปูเจีย}} ih81cl85s4q2orr20uzr6pqscxv3oq4 0 14994 5714326 1915831 2026-03-30T11:04:55Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเยอรมัน */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714326 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเยอรมัน == {{wp|de:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alter|de|Cambodscha||obsolete}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|de|/kamˈbɔdʒa/|aa=prescriptive standard}} * {{IPA|de|/kamˈbɔtʃa/|aa=predominant}} ** {{audio|de|De-Kambodscha.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} * The predominance of the {{IPAchar|/tʃ/}}-form even in speakers who do have a phonemic {{IPAchar|/ʒ/}} is due to the preceding stressed short vowel (cf. {{m|de|Maharadscha}}). === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{de-proper noun|toponym}} # {{tcl|de|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|de|Kambodschaner}} * {{l|de|kambodschanisch}} * {{l|de|Kambodschanisch}} {{cln|de|exonyms}} shh2gqstqapdo30jk8lw6t4itlypgir 0 14998 5714311 1331231 2026-03-30T10:56:01Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาตุรกี */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714311 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาตุรกี == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|tr|LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-Kamboçya.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{tr-proper noun}} # {{tcl|tr|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{tr-decl-noun |Kamboçya|- |Kamboçya'yı|- |Kamboçya'ya|- |Kamboçya'da|- |Kamboçya'dan|- |Kamboçya'nın|- }} {{tr-poss-prop-v-aı}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Asia/tr}} ea3ask0mmvfcn9z4529feiuphbgnmnm 0 15004 5714319 1874478 2026-03-30T11:00:21Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาโปแลนด์ */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาโปแลนด์ == === การออกเสียง === {{pl-pr|a=Pl-Kambodża.ogg}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|pl|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f}} # {{tcl|pl|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{pl-decl-noun-sing |Kambodża |Kambodży |Kambodży |Kambodżę |Kambodżą |Kambodży |Kambodżo }} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|pl|title=adjective|kambodżański}} {{col|pl|title=nouns|Kambodżanin|Kambodżanka}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:pl:PWN}} 8qh8zivnymcpmg3k0ftm8uk35clvt9s 0 15012 5714322 1243152 2026-03-30T11:03:17Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาสวีเดน */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714322 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาฟรีกานส์ == {{wp|af:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|af|Cambodja||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{m|af|Cambodja}}, {{inh+|af|nl|Cambodja|nocap=1}}, จาก{{der|af|fr|Cambodge}} หรือ{{der|af|pt|Camboja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{af-proper noun}} # {{tcl|af|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_capital=af:Phnom Penh}} #: {{syn|af|Kambodië|q=nonstandard}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|af|Kambodjaan}} * {{l|af|Kambodjaans}} == ภาษาแฟโร == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|fo|fr|Cambodge}} และ{{der|fo|pt|Camboja}}; Both these words are derived from Middle {{der|fo|km|-}} ''Kambuja'' (Modern Khmer, ''Kampuchea''); แรกสุดจาก{{der|fo|sa|काम्बोज|tr=kāmbōja||a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n}} # {{tcl|fo|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาสวีเดน == {{wp|sv:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Kambodja.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{sv-proper noun|n}} # {{tcl|sv|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|sv|kambodjan}} * {{l|sv|kambodjansk}} * {{l|sv|kambodjanska}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Asia/sv}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:svenska.se|saol}} * [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D002160/cambodia Svensk MeSH] 9zuyu64u47w6strode2i349215gul7r 5714323 5714322 2026-03-30T11:03:25Z Octahedron80 267 เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714323 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาแฟโร == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|fo|fr|Cambodge}} และ{{der|fo|pt|Camboja}}; Both these words are derived from Middle {{der|fo|km|-}} ''Kambuja'' (Modern Khmer, ''Kampuchea''); แรกสุดจาก{{der|fo|sa|काम्बोज|tr=kāmbōja||a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n}} # {{tcl|fo|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาสวีเดน == {{wp|sv:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Kambodja.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{sv-proper noun|n}} # {{tcl|sv|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|sv|kambodjan}} * {{l|sv|kambodjansk}} * {{l|sv|kambodjanska}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Asia/sv}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:svenska.se|saol}} * [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D002160/cambodia Svensk MeSH] == ภาษาอาฟรีกานส์ == {{wp|af:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|af|Cambodja||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{m|af|Cambodja}}, {{inh+|af|nl|Cambodja|nocap=1}}, จาก{{der|af|fr|Cambodge}} หรือ{{der|af|pt|Camboja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{af-proper noun}} # {{tcl|af|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_capital=af:Phnom Penh}} #: {{syn|af|Kambodië|q=nonstandard}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|af|Kambodjaan}} * {{l|af|Kambodjaans}} fpq3qub7235y1dkpu1ajr1rqmkedh4f 5714324 5714323 2026-03-30T11:04:05Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5714324 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาแฟโร == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|fo|fr|Cambodge}} และ{{der|fo|pt|Camboja}}; ทั้งคู่รับมาจากเขมรกลาง ''Kambuja'' (เขมร ''Kampuchea''); แรกสุดจาก{{der|fo|sa|काम्बोज|tr=kāmbōja||a tribe mentioned in Hindu scripture}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|fo|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=n}} # {{tcl|fo|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} == ภาษาสวีเดน == {{wp|sv:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|sv|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Kambodja.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{sv-proper noun|n}} # {{tcl|sv|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|sv|kambodjan}} * {{l|sv|kambodjansk}} * {{l|sv|kambodjanska}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Asia/sv}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:svenska.se|saol}} * [https://mesh.kib.ki.se/term/D002160/cambodia Svensk MeSH] == ภาษาอาฟรีกานส์ == {{wp|af:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|af|Cambodja||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{m|af|Cambodja}}, {{inh+|af|nl|Cambodja|nocap=1}}, จาก{{der|af|fr|Cambodge}} หรือ{{der|af|pt|Camboja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{af-proper noun}} # {{tcl|af|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_capital=af:Phnom Penh}} #: {{syn|af|Kambodië|q=nonstandard}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|af|Kambodjaan}} * {{l|af|Kambodjaans}} s30lx6a70e3fqcdcdfnbjvrxrw8wz49 0 15016 5714276 2187665 2026-03-30T10:22:39Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714276 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากาตาลา == {{wp|ca:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|ca|Cambotja}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ca-IPA|ò}} * {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Cambodja.wav|a=Valencia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ca-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|ca|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ca|cambodjà}} == ภาษากาลิเซีย == {{wp|gl:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|gl|Camboja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{gl-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|gl|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|gl|cambodjano}} == ภาษาดัตช์ == === รากศัพท์ === {{rfe|nl}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nl|/kɑmˈbɔ.tjaː/|[kɑmˈbɔca]}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-Cambodja.ogg}} * {{hyph|nl|Cam|bod|ja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{nl-proper noun|n}} # {{tcl|nl|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|nl|Cambodjaan}} == ภาษาเดนมาร์ก == {{wp|da:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{da-proper noun}} # {{tcl|da|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|da|cambodjaner}} * {{l|da|cambodjansk}} * {{l|da|cambodjanskhed}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == {{pt-proper noun|m}} # {{alternative form of|pt|Camboja}} == ภาษาอาฟรีกานส์ == === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|af|nl|Cambodja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{af-proper noun}} # {{obsolete spelling of|af|Kambodja}}: {{tcl|af|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} l5nm5ssk70fsh81oirfappdyzkr9zjq 5714277 5714276 2026-03-30T10:23:34Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาโปรตุเกส */ 5714277 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากาตาลา == {{wp|ca:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|ca|Cambotja}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ca-IPA|ò}} * {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Cambodja.wav|a=Valencia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ca-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|ca|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ca|cambodjà}} == ภาษากาลิเซีย == {{wp|gl:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|gl|Camboja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{gl-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|gl|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|gl|cambodjano}} == ภาษาดัตช์ == === รากศัพท์ === {{rfe|nl}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nl|/kɑmˈbɔ.tjaː/|[kɑmˈbɔca]}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-Cambodja.ogg}} * {{hyph|nl|Cam|bod|ja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{nl-proper noun|n}} # {{tcl|nl|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|nl|Cambodjaan}} == ภาษาเดนมาร์ก == {{wp|da:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{da-proper noun}} # {{tcl|da|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|da|cambodjaner}} * {{l|da|cambodjansk}} * {{l|da|cambodjanskhed}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{pt-proper noun|m}} # {{alternative form of|pt|Camboja}} == ภาษาอาฟรีกานส์ == === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|af|nl|Cambodja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{af-proper noun}} # {{obsolete spelling of|af|Kambodja}}: {{tcl|af|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} amxch49o6gjxajej02ml6dgsmgnhcff 0 15022 5714303 2187745 2026-03-30T10:51:22Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเช็ก */ เก็บกวาด 5714303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาเช็ก == {{wp|cs:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{cs-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{cs-proper noun|f|adj=kambodžský|dem=Kambodžan|fdem=Kambodžanka}} # {{tcl|cs|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{cs-ndecl|f.sg.dati.loci}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:cs:KNLA}} * {{R:cs:SSJC}} * {{R:cs:IJP}} == ภาษาฟินแลนด์ == {{wikipedia|lang=fi}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fi-proper noun}} # [[กัมพูชา]] #: {{ux|fi|'''Kambodžan''' kuningaskunta|ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา|inline=1}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Kambodž|||a}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|fi|Kamputsea}} {{q|ล้า}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|fi|[[Kambodža|kambodža]][[-lainen|lainen]]||ชาวกัมพูชา}} k2n2b8984g1r9yix3emh7fyy9atewfz 5714304 5714303 2026-03-30T10:51:44Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฟินแลนด์ */ เก็บกวาด 5714304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาเช็ก == {{wp|cs:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{cs-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{cs-proper noun|f|adj=kambodžský|dem=Kambodžan|fdem=Kambodžanka}} # {{tcl|cs|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{cs-ndecl|f.sg.dati.loci}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:cs:KNLA}} * {{R:cs:SSJC}} * {{R:cs:IJP}} == ภาษาฟินแลนด์ == {{wp|fi:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|fi|fr|Cambodge}} === การออกเสียง === {{fi-p}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fi-proper noun}} # {{tcl|fi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #: {{ux|fi|'''Kambodžan''' kuningaskunta|[[Kingdom of Cambodia|Kingdom of '''Cambodia''']]|inline=1}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{fi-decl-kala|n=sg|Kambodž|||a}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|fi|Kamputsea}} {{q|ล้าสมัย}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|fi|kambodžalainen}} op9lh90x6zpln9xvr6u5vxvqlbl5hs6 0 15028 5714349 1375045 2026-03-30T11:20:48Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714349 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮังการี == {{swp|hu:}} [[ไฟล์:LocationCambodia.png|thumb|Kambodzsa]] === การออกเสียง === * {{hu-IPA|phon=kamboddzsa}} * {{hyphenation|hu|Kam|bo|dzsa}} * {{rhymes|hu|d͡ʒɒ|s=3}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|hu|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|hu|กัมพูชา|id=Q424|place_official=hu:Kambodzsai Királyság}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hu-infl-nom|Kambodzsá|o|n=sg}}{{hu-pos-tok|Kambodzsá|n=sg}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * [[ภาคผนวก:Hungarian words with dzs]] {{list:countries in Asia/hu}} a07dolw166rj67k0ra5zht4tham4ah9 0 15040 5714278 1999064 2026-03-30T10:24:51Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714278 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == {{wp|pt:}} === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA|Cambója}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-NMaia-Camboja.wav|a=BR}} * {{rhyme|pt|ɔʒɐ|s=3}} * {{hyph|pt|Cam|bo|ja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{wp|pt:}} [[ไฟล์:Flag of Cambodia.svg|thumb|Bandeira do Camboja.]] === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{pt-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|pt|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|pt|cambodjano}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|pt|cambojano}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desctree|en|bor=1|กัมพูชา}} * {{desc|ja|bor=1|カボチャ|tr=kabocha}} {{cln|pt|exonyms}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{rfquote|en}} === รากศัพท์ === {{rfe|en}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/kɑmˈboʊ.d͡ʒə/|a=GA}} * {{IPA|en|/kɒmˈbəʊ.d͡ʒə/|a=RP}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Camboja.wav|a=Southern England}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-proper noun}} # {{alternative form of|en|Kamboja}} === คำนาม === {{en-noun|s|*}} # {{alternative form of|en|Kamboja}} 7da9qvlh1rp0alc0tcpbcju15246o5y 5714279 5714278 2026-03-30T10:25:58Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาโปรตุเกส */ 5714279 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == {{wp|pt:}} [[ไฟล์:Flag of Cambodia.svg|thumb|Bandeira do Camboja.]] === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA|Cambója}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-NMaia-Camboja.wav|a=BR}} * {{rhyme|pt|ɔʒɐ|s=3}} * {{hyph|pt|Cam|bo|ja}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{pt-proper noun|m}} # {{tcl|pt|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|pt|cambodjano}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|pt|cambojano}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desctree|en|bor=1|กัมพูชา}} * {{desc|ja|bor=1|カボチャ|tr=kabocha}} {{cln|pt|exonyms}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == {{rfquote|en}} === รากศัพท์ === {{rfe|en}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/kɑmˈboʊ.d͡ʒə/|a=GA}} * {{IPA|en|/kɒmˈbəʊ.d͡ʒə/|a=RP}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Camboja.wav|a=Southern England}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-proper noun}} # {{alternative form of|en|Kamboja}} === คำนาม === {{en-noun|s|*}} # {{alternative form of|en|Kamboja}} p5durstchj8q0y36qt2gmdktbykkapx 0 15046 5714347 2187666 2026-03-30T11:17:06Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714347 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{en-proper noun}} # {{obsolete form of|en|Cambodia}} == ภาษาอิตาลี == {{wp|it:}} === การออกเสียง === {{it-pr|Cambògia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{it-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|it|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|it|cambogiano}} === คำนาม === {{it-noun|f|-}} # {{lb|it|Rome|especially|humorous}} [[ความวุ่นวาย]], [[ความโกลาหล]] #: {{syn|it|caciara|cagnara|trambusto}} #: {{ux|it|È na '''Cambogia'''!|It's a mess!}} {{cln|it|exonyms}} mi3lo0f3wctmqr1ld2ru42qtbfzw0dh 0 15055 5714327 1241222 2026-03-30T11:05:17Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาโรมาเนีย */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714327 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาโรมาเนีย == {{wp|ro:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|ro|[kamˈbo.d͡ʒi.a]}} * {{audio|ro|LL-Q7913 (ron)-KlaudiuMihaila-Cambodgia.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|ro|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f}} # {{tcl|ro|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ro-country|Cambodgiei}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|ro|cambodgian}} ent6xyzemjkakj4yrjvwdc3qc961qrc 0 16057 5713815 1879455 2026-03-29T12:34:31Z ~2026-19486-86 18794 5713815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาไทย == ===รากศัพท์=== จาก{{der|th|km|ក្រុត}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺลด}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun}} # เครื่องกั้นกันแดดหรือฝน ลักษณะคล้ายร่มขนาดใหญ่ ขอบมีระบาย คันยาว ใช้ถือกั้นเจ้านาย, ราชาศัพท์ว่า พระกลด, เรียกร่มขนาดใหญ่มีด้ามสำหรับ[[พระ]][[ธุดงค์]]โดยเฉพาะ, ร่มขนาดใหญ่ใช้กั้นเวลา[[แห่]][[นาค]] # {{lb|th|พราหมณ์}} [[หม้อน้ำ]][[เทพมนตร์]]ของ[[พราหมณ์]] 6vz1z9j66st90agw68ht4qsls3zum8f 5713819 5713815 2026-03-29T13:12:51Z ~2026-19486-86 18794 5713819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาไทย == ===รากศัพท์=== จาก{{der|th|km|ក្រុត}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺลด}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun}} # เครื่องกั้นกันแดดหรือฝน ลักษณะคล้ายร่มขนาดใหญ่ ขอบมีระบาย คันยาว ใช้ถือกั้นเจ้านาย, ราชาศัพท์ว่า พระกลด, เรียกร่มขนาดใหญ่มีด้ามสำหรับ[[พระ]][[ธุดงค์]]โดยเฉพาะ, เรียกดวงอาทิตย์หรือดวงจันทร์ที่มีแสงสีรุ้งเป็นวงกลมล้อมรอบ ว่า ดวงอาทิตย์ทรงกลด ดวงจันทร์ทรงกลด # {{lb|th|พราหมณ์}} [[หม้อน้ำ]][[เทพมนตร์]]ของ[[พราหมณ์]] kmvav4mws048ugao7xdorpqbav7yu7r 5713820 5713819 2026-03-29T13:13:20Z ~2026-19486-86 18794 5713820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาไทย == ===รากศัพท์=== จาก{{der|th|km|ក្រុត}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺลด}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun}} # เครื่องกั้นกันแดดหรือฝน ลักษณะคล้ายร่มขนาดใหญ่ ขอบมีระบาย คันยาว ใช้ถือกั้นเจ้านาย, ราชาศัพท์ว่า พระกลด, เรียกร่มขนาดใหญ่มีด้าม สำหรับ[[พระ]][[ธุดงค์]]โดยเฉพาะ, เรียกดวงอาทิตย์หรือดวงจันทร์ที่มีแสงสีรุ้งเป็นวงกลมล้อมรอบ ว่า ดวงอาทิตย์ทรงกลด ดวงจันทร์ทรงกลด # {{lb|th|พราหมณ์}} [[หม้อน้ำ]][[เทพมนตร์]]ของ[[พราหมณ์]] ru23btga02evgykln6m0q3iugvke45v 5713850 5713820 2026-03-30T00:07:20Z ~2026-19486-86 18794 5713850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาไทย == ===รากศัพท์=== จาก{{der|th|km|ក្រុត}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|กฺลด}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun}} # เครื่องกั้นกันแดดหรือฝน ลักษณะคล้ายร่มขนาดใหญ่ ขอบมีระบาย คันยาว ใช้ถือกั้นเจ้านาย, ราชาศัพท์ว่า พระกลด, เรียกร่มขนาดใหญ่มีด้าม สำหรับ[[พระ]][[ธุดงค์]]โดยเฉพาะ, เรียกดวงอาทิตย์หรือดวงจันทร์ที่มีแสงสีรุ้งเป็นวงกลมล้อมรอบ ว่า ดวงอาทิตย์ทรงกลด ดวงจันทร์ทรงกลด # {{lb|th|โบ}} กลศ, [[หม้อน้ำ]][[เทพมนตร์]]ของ[[พราหมณ์]] ลักษณะเหมือนคนโท มีฝาปิด มีพวยอย่างกาน้ำ 9te3f7cw4z4nb1a9zv0j7dpmio7j3v5 0 19520 5714252 1915824 2026-03-30T09:52:54Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเยอรมัน */ เก็บกวาด 5714252 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === รากศัพท์ === {{com|de|Grieche|Land|t1=กรีก}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|gmh|Kriechenlant}}, {{cog|nds|Grekenland}}, {{cog|nl|Griekenland}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡʁiːçənˌlant/|[ˈɡʁiːçn̩ˌlantʰ]}} * {{audio|de|De-Griechenland.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{de-proper noun|toponym}} # {{tcl|de|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|de|Grieche}} * {{l|de|Griechin}} * {{l|de|griechisch}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|de|Hellas}} * {{l|de|Hellenische Republik}} {{list:countries in Europe/de}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{pedia|lang=de}} {{cln|de|exonyms}} 34t0cqj77qwqgbhkobcply2snkqcboz 0 21486 5714056 1994636 2026-03-30T04:30:08Z ~2026-19477-36 18795 5714056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{สารบัญขวา}} {{audio|en|En-us-sorcery.ogg|เสียง}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == ===การออกเสียง=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈsɔːsərɪ/}} * คำอ่านภาษาไทย: เซาะ เซอะ ริ ==={{หน้าที่|en|นาม}}=== {{pn}} # {{lb|en|นับไม่ได้}} การใช้[[อำนาจ]][[เวทมนต์]]ในทางร้าย, เวทมนต์, [[เสน่ห์]] szmywvpzv9ocrnptm235kbphnzl4ypu 5714059 5714056 2026-03-30T04:30:38Z ~2026-19477-36 18795 5714059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{สารบัญขวา}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == ===การออกเสียง=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈsɔːsərɪ/}} * คำอ่านภาษาไทย: เซาะ เซอะ ริ ==={{หน้าที่|en|นาม}}=== {{pn}} # {{lb|en|นับไม่ได้}} การใช้[[อำนาจ]][[เวทมนต์]]ในทางร้าย, เวทมนต์, [[เสน่ห์]] mxeih81bcx1ler91thi6ntpklp2csh2 5714061 5714059 2026-03-30T04:31:03Z ~2026-19477-36 18795 /* การออกเสียง */ 5714061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{สารบัญขวา}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == ===การออกเสียง=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈsɔːsərɪ/}} * {{audio|en|En-us-sorcery.ogg|เสียง}} * คำอ่านภาษาไทย: เซาะ เซอะ ริ ==={{หน้าที่|en|นาม}}=== {{pn}} # {{lb|en|นับไม่ได้}} การใช้[[อำนาจ]][[เวทมนต์]]ในทางร้าย, เวทมนต์, [[เสน่ห์]] 8bccy96yysy875sn6e074kuegtewo57 0 36554 5714269 1549515 2026-03-30T10:14:04Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฮินดี */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714269 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮินดี == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|hi|en|Greece}} === การออกเสียง === * {{hi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hi-proper noun|m|ur=گریس}} # {{tcl|hi|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|hi|यूनान}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hi-ndecl|<M.sg>}} 2ticjhg6ftp3ka4mvi0wfk18ial4kk5 0 37220 5713868 2192248 2026-03-30T02:37:07Z Octahedron80 267 /* เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน */ 5713868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info|❕}} {{character info|❗}} {{character info|❢}} {{character info|❣}} {{character info|︕}} {{character info|﹗}} {{character info|！}} {{wikipedia}} == ภาษาร่วม == === รากศัพท์ === ภาษาละติน Io โดยที่ I เขียนอยู่เหนือ o ซึ่งอาจย่อมาจาก [[interiectiō]] (การอุทาน) หรือ [[Iō]] (เฮ้!) <ref>Alexander Humez, 1987, ''A B C et cetera: the life & times of the Roman alphabet''</ref> === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark}} ''(ชื่อเรียก ดูที่หมายเหตุการใช้)'' # [[ใช้]][[แสดง]][[ความตื่นเต้น]] [[ตกใจ]] [[หรือ]][[ประหลาดใจ]] [[มัก]][[เขียน]][[ต่อ]][[ท้าย]][[คำ]][[อุทาน]] [[สามารถ]]ใช้[[ซ้ำ]][[ได้]] หรือใช้[[ร่วม]][[กับ]] [[?]] [[ก็]]ได้ {{ตย|คุณพระช่วย!}} === สัญลักษณ์ === {{mul-symbol|name=อัศเจรีย์|name2=เครื่องหมายตกใจ}} # {{lb|mul|คณิต}} [[แฟกทอเรียล]], [[จำนวนนับ]][[ที่]][[คูณ]][[กัน]][[โดย]][[ลดหลั่น]][[ที]][[ละ]][[หนึ่ง]][[จน]][[ถึง]]หนึ่ง [[ยกเว้น]] 0! = 1 {{ตย|5! {{=}} 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 {{=}} 120}} # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[นิเสธ]][[ของ]][[ค่า]][[ตรรกะ]][[ใน]][[ภาษา]][[โปรแกรม]][[บาง]]ภาษา # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[เคย]][[ใช้]][[เป็น]][[ตัว]][[คั่น]]ใน[[ที่อยู่อีเมล]] โดยคั่น[[ระหว่าง]][[ชื่อ]][[โฮสต์]][[เพื่อ]]ใช้[[จัด]][[เส้นทาง]][[การส่ง]][[ข้อความ]] # {{lb|mul|คอม}} ใช้เป็นตัวคั่นระหว่าง[[ชื่อเล่น]][[กับ]][[ไอดี]]ของ[[ผู้ใช้]][[ไออาร์ซี]] # ใช้[[แสดง]][[บันทึก]][[ตา]][[เดิน]][[หมากรุกสากล]]ที่[[ดี]] === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} 7otbnsmd02i8y57d52m8400fhlds8s5 5713869 5713868 2026-03-30T02:43:50Z Octahedron80 267 /* อ้างอิง */ เก็บกวาด 5713869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info|❕}} {{character info|❗}} {{character info|❢}} {{character info|❣}} {{character info|︕}} {{character info|﹗}} {{character info|！}} {{wikipedia}} == ภาษาร่วม == === รากศัพท์ === ภาษาละติน Io โดยที่ I เขียนอยู่เหนือ o ซึ่งอาจย่อมาจาก [[interiectiō]] (การอุทาน) หรือ [[Iō]] (เฮ้!) <ref>Alexander Humez, 1987, ''A B C et cetera: the life & times of the Roman alphabet''</ref> === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark}} ''(ชื่อเรียก ดูที่หมายเหตุการใช้)'' # [[ใช้]][[แสดง]][[ความตื่นเต้น]] [[ตกใจ]] [[หรือ]][[ประหลาดใจ]] [[มัก]][[เขียน]][[ต่อ]][[ท้าย]][[คำ]][[อุทาน]] [[สามารถ]]ใช้[[ซ้ำ]][[ได้]] หรือใช้[[ร่วม]][[กับ]] [[?]] [[ก็]]ได้ {{ตย|คุณพระช่วย!}} === สัญลักษณ์ === {{mul-symbol|name=อัศเจรีย์|name2=เครื่องหมายตกใจ}} # {{lb|mul|คณิต}} [[แฟกทอเรียล]], [[จำนวนนับ]][[ที่]][[คูณ]][[กัน]][[โดย]][[ลดหลั่น]][[ที]][[ละ]][[หนึ่ง]][[จน]][[ถึง]]หนึ่ง [[ยกเว้น]] 0! = 1 {{ตย|5! {{=}} 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 {{=}} 120}} # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[นิเสธ]][[ของ]][[ค่า]][[ตรรกะ]][[ใน]][[ภาษา]][[โปรแกรม]][[บาง]]ภาษา # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[เคย]][[ใช้]][[เป็น]][[ตัว]][[คั่น]]ใน[[ที่อยู่อีเมล]] โดยคั่น[[ระหว่าง]][[ชื่อ]][[โฮสต์]][[เพื่อ]]ใช้[[จัด]][[เส้นทาง]][[การส่ง]][[ข้อความ]] # {{lb|mul|คอม}} ใช้เป็นตัวคั่นระหว่าง[[ชื่อเล่น]][[กับ]][[ไอดี]]ของ[[ผู้ใช้]][[ไออาร์ซี]] # ใช้[[แสดง]][[บันทึก]][[ตา]][[เดิน]][[หมากรุกสากล]]ที่[[ดี]] ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ชื่อภาษาอังกฤษของเครื่องหมายนี้มีหลายอย่าง เช่น [[exclamation mark]], [[exclamation point]], [[exclamation]], [[ecphoneme]] หรือในบริบททางคอมพิวเตอร์คือ [[shriek]], [[bang]] หรือ [[pling]] * ชื่อภาษาไทยเรียก [[อัศเจรีย์]] หรือ [[เครื่องหมายตกใจ]] * ในการใช้เพื่อแสดงความตื่นเต้น ความประหลาดใจ หรือความตกใจ บางครั้งอาจมีการใช้ซ้ำเพื่อเน้นย้ำเพิ่มเติม เช่น "!!", "!!!", "??!!!" หรือคำอื่นๆ ที่คล้ายกัน === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} rab7661c4b9xiii6unr1h49ja6el1sx 5713870 5713869 2026-03-30T02:46:02Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5713870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info|❕}} {{character info|❗}} {{character info|❢}} {{character info|❣}} {{character info|︕}} {{character info|﹗}} {{character info|！}} {{wikipedia}} == ภาษาร่วม == === คำอธิบาย === จุดและเส้นแนวตั้งเหนือจุดนั้น ในบางแบบอักษร เส้นแนวตั้งจะทำมุมแหลมบางๆ โดยส่วนบนจะใหญ่กว่าส่วนล่างเล็กน้อย และอาจเป็นมุมโค้งมนที่ส่วนบนด้วย === รากศัพท์ === มาจากคำว่า <math>\overset{I}{o}</math> ซึ่งเป็นคำย่อ {{der|mul|la|-}} ของ {{m|la|interiectiō||การอุทาน}} หรือคำอุทาน {{m|la|iō||เฮ้!}} ที่วางไว้ท้ายคำอุทานเพื่อบ่งบอกว่าเป็นการอุทาน<ref>{{cite-book|en|year=1987|author=Alexander Humez|title=A B C et cetera: the life & times of the Roman alphabet|publisher=David R. Godine|location=Boston|isbn=9781567921007|oclc=44669442}}</ref> มันแสดงถึงความเกรงขาม ความประหลาดใจ ({{m+|la|admīrātiō}}) ในประโยค === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark}} ''(ชื่อเรียก ดูที่หมายเหตุการใช้)'' # [[ใช้]][[แสดง]][[ความตื่นเต้น]] [[ตกใจ]] [[หรือ]][[ประหลาดใจ]] [[มัก]][[เขียน]][[ต่อ]][[ท้าย]][[คำ]][[อุทาน]] [[สามารถ]]ใช้[[ซ้ำ]][[ได้]] หรือใช้[[ร่วม]][[กับ]] [[?]] [[ก็]]ได้ {{ตย|คุณพระช่วย!}} === สัญลักษณ์ === {{mul-symbol|name=อัศเจรีย์|name2=เครื่องหมายตกใจ}} # {{lb|mul|คณิต}} [[แฟกทอเรียล]], [[จำนวนนับ]][[ที่]][[คูณ]][[กัน]][[โดย]][[ลดหลั่น]][[ที]][[ละ]][[หนึ่ง]][[จน]][[ถึง]]หนึ่ง [[ยกเว้น]] 0! = 1 {{ตย|5! {{=}} 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 {{=}} 120}} # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[นิเสธ]][[ของ]][[ค่า]][[ตรรกะ]][[ใน]][[ภาษา]][[โปรแกรม]][[บาง]]ภาษา # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[เคย]][[ใช้]][[เป็น]][[ตัว]][[คั่น]]ใน[[ที่อยู่อีเมล]] โดยคั่น[[ระหว่าง]][[ชื่อ]][[โฮสต์]][[เพื่อ]]ใช้[[จัด]][[เส้นทาง]][[การส่ง]][[ข้อความ]] # {{lb|mul|คอม}} ใช้เป็นตัวคั่นระหว่าง[[ชื่อเล่น]][[กับ]][[ไอดี]]ของ[[ผู้ใช้]][[ไออาร์ซี]] # ใช้[[แสดง]][[บันทึก]][[ตา]][[เดิน]][[หมากรุกสากล]]ที่[[ดี]] ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ชื่อภาษาอังกฤษของเครื่องหมายนี้มีหลายอย่าง เช่น [[exclamation mark]], [[exclamation point]], [[exclamation]], [[ecphoneme]] หรือในบริบททางคอมพิวเตอร์คือ [[shriek]], [[bang]] หรือ [[pling]] * ชื่อภาษาไทยเรียก [[อัศเจรีย์]] หรือ [[เครื่องหมายตกใจ]] * ในการใช้เพื่อแสดงความตื่นเต้น ความประหลาดใจ หรือความตกใจ บางครั้งอาจมีการใช้ซ้ำเพื่อเน้นย้ำเพิ่มเติม เช่น "!!", "!!!", "??!!!" หรือคำอื่นๆ ที่คล้ายกัน === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} 2hebtsm13127n4je9zxe60xead3jg8c 5713871 5713870 2026-03-30T02:47:02Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5713871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info|❕}} {{character info|❗}} {{character info|❢}} {{character info|❣}} {{character info|︕}} {{character info|﹗}} {{character info|！}} {{wikipedia}} == ภาษาร่วม == === คำอธิบาย === จุดและเส้นแนวตั้งเหนือจุดนั้น ในบางแบบอักษร เส้นแนวตั้งจะทำมุมแหลมบางๆ โดยส่วนบนจะใหญ่กว่าส่วนล่างเล็กน้อย และอาจเป็นมุมโค้งมนที่ส่วนบนด้วย === รากศัพท์ === มาจากคำว่า <math>\overset{I}{o}</math> ซึ่งเป็นคำย่อ{{der|mul|la|-}}ของ {{m|la|interiectiō||การอุทาน}} หรือคำอุทาน {{m|la|iō||เฮ้!}} ที่วางไว้ท้ายคำอุทานเพื่อบ่งบอกว่าเป็นการอุทาน<ref>{{cite-book|en|year=1987|author=Alexander Humez|title=A B C et cetera: the life & times of the Roman alphabet|publisher=David R. Godine|location=Boston|isbn=9781567921007|oclc=44669442}}</ref> มันแสดงถึงความเกรงขาม ความประหลาดใจ ({{m+|la|admīrātiō}}) ในประโยค === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark}} ''(ชื่อเรียก ดูที่หมายเหตุการใช้)'' # [[ใช้]][[แสดง]][[ความตื่นเต้น]] [[ตกใจ]] [[หรือ]][[ประหลาดใจ]] [[มัก]][[เขียน]][[ต่อ]][[ท้าย]][[คำ]][[อุทาน]] [[สามารถ]]ใช้[[ซ้ำ]][[ได้]] หรือใช้[[ร่วม]][[กับ]] [[?]] [[ก็]]ได้ {{ตย|คุณพระช่วย!}} === สัญลักษณ์ === {{mul-symbol|name=อัศเจรีย์|name2=เครื่องหมายตกใจ}} # {{lb|mul|คณิต}} [[แฟกทอเรียล]], [[จำนวนนับ]][[ที่]][[คูณ]][[กัน]][[โดย]][[ลดหลั่น]][[ที]][[ละ]][[หนึ่ง]][[จน]][[ถึง]]หนึ่ง [[ยกเว้น]] 0! = 1 {{ตย|5! {{=}} 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 {{=}} 120}} # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[นิเสธ]][[ของ]][[ค่า]][[ตรรกะ]][[ใน]][[ภาษา]][[โปรแกรม]][[บาง]]ภาษา # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[เคย]][[ใช้]][[เป็น]][[ตัว]][[คั่น]]ใน[[ที่อยู่อีเมล]] โดยคั่น[[ระหว่าง]][[ชื่อ]][[โฮสต์]][[เพื่อ]]ใช้[[จัด]][[เส้นทาง]][[การส่ง]][[ข้อความ]] # {{lb|mul|คอม}} ใช้เป็นตัวคั่นระหว่าง[[ชื่อเล่น]][[กับ]][[ไอดี]]ของ[[ผู้ใช้]][[ไออาร์ซี]] # ใช้[[แสดง]][[บันทึก]][[ตา]][[เดิน]][[หมากรุกสากล]]ที่[[ดี]] ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ชื่อภาษาอังกฤษของเครื่องหมายนี้มีหลายอย่าง เช่น [[exclamation mark]], [[exclamation point]], [[exclamation]], [[ecphoneme]] หรือในบริบททางคอมพิวเตอร์คือ [[shriek]], [[bang]] หรือ [[pling]] * ชื่อภาษาไทยเรียก [[อัศเจรีย์]] หรือ [[เครื่องหมายตกใจ]] * ในการใช้เพื่อแสดงความตื่นเต้น ความประหลาดใจ หรือความตกใจ บางครั้งอาจมีการใช้ซ้ำเพื่อเน้นย้ำเพิ่มเติม เช่น "!!", "!!!", "??!!!" หรือคำอื่นๆ ที่คล้ายกัน === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} ga6ynre2e4dgixndnnsqskk2o0su9kv 5713872 5713871 2026-03-30T02:48:25Z Octahedron80 267 /* หมายเหตุการใช้ */ 5713872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info|❕}} {{character info|❗}} {{character info|❢}} {{character info|❣}} {{character info|︕}} {{character info|﹗}} {{character info|！}} {{wikipedia}} == ภาษาร่วม == === คำอธิบาย === จุดและเส้นแนวตั้งเหนือจุดนั้น ในบางแบบอักษร เส้นแนวตั้งจะทำมุมแหลมบางๆ โดยส่วนบนจะใหญ่กว่าส่วนล่างเล็กน้อย และอาจเป็นมุมโค้งมนที่ส่วนบนด้วย === รากศัพท์ === มาจากคำว่า <math>\overset{I}{o}</math> ซึ่งเป็นคำย่อ{{der|mul|la|-}}ของ {{m|la|interiectiō||การอุทาน}} หรือคำอุทาน {{m|la|iō||เฮ้!}} ที่วางไว้ท้ายคำอุทานเพื่อบ่งบอกว่าเป็นการอุทาน<ref>{{cite-book|en|year=1987|author=Alexander Humez|title=A B C et cetera: the life & times of the Roman alphabet|publisher=David R. Godine|location=Boston|isbn=9781567921007|oclc=44669442}}</ref> มันแสดงถึงความเกรงขาม ความประหลาดใจ ({{m+|la|admīrātiō}}) ในประโยค === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark}} ''(ชื่อเรียก ดูที่หมายเหตุการใช้)'' # [[ใช้]][[แสดง]][[ความตื่นเต้น]] [[ตกใจ]] [[หรือ]][[ประหลาดใจ]] [[มัก]][[เขียน]][[ต่อ]][[ท้าย]][[คำ]][[อุทาน]] [[สามารถ]]ใช้[[ซ้ำ]][[ได้]] หรือใช้[[ร่วม]][[กับ]] [[?]] [[ก็]]ได้ {{ตย|คุณพระช่วย!}} === สัญลักษณ์ === {{mul-symbol|name=อัศเจรีย์|name2=เครื่องหมายตกใจ}} # {{lb|mul|คณิต}} [[แฟกทอเรียล]], [[จำนวนนับ]][[ที่]][[คูณ]][[กัน]][[โดย]][[ลดหลั่น]][[ที]][[ละ]][[หนึ่ง]][[จน]][[ถึง]]หนึ่ง [[ยกเว้น]] 0! = 1 {{ตย|5! {{=}} 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 {{=}} 120}} # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[นิเสธ]][[ของ]][[ค่า]][[ตรรกะ]][[ใน]][[ภาษา]][[โปรแกรม]][[บาง]]ภาษา # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[เคย]][[ใช้]][[เป็น]][[ตัว]][[คั่น]]ใน[[ที่อยู่อีเมล]] โดยคั่น[[ระหว่าง]][[ชื่อ]][[โฮสต์]][[เพื่อ]]ใช้[[จัด]][[เส้นทาง]][[การส่ง]][[ข้อความ]] # {{lb|mul|คอม}} ใช้เป็นตัวคั่นระหว่าง[[ชื่อเล่น]][[กับ]][[ไอดี]]ของ[[ผู้ใช้]][[ไออาร์ซี]] # ใช้[[แสดง]][[บันทึก]][[ตา]][[เดิน]][[หมากรุกสากล]]ที่[[ดี]] ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ชื่อภาษาอังกฤษของเครื่องหมายนี้มีหลายอย่าง เช่น [[exclamation mark]], [[exclamation point]], [[exclamation]], [[ecphoneme]] หรือในบริบททางคอมพิวเตอร์คือ [[shriek]], [[bang]] หรือ [[pling]] * ชื่อภาษาไทยเรียก [[อัศเจรีย์]] หรือ [[เครื่องหมายตกใจ]] * ในการใช้เพื่อแสดงความตื่นเต้น ความประหลาดใจ หรือความตกใจ บางครั้งอาจมีการใช้ซ้ำเพื่อเน้นย้ำเพิ่มเติม เช่น "!!", "!!!", "??!!!" หรือตัวอื่น ๆ ที่คล้ายกัน === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} pw9pm7g1o5czx6r109vbdoyswjejzsk 5713873 5713872 2026-03-30T02:57:02Z Octahedron80 267 /* สัญลักษณ์ */ 5713873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info|❕}} {{character info|❗}} {{character info|❢}} {{character info|❣}} {{character info|︕}} {{character info|﹗}} {{character info|！}} {{wikipedia}} == ภาษาร่วม == === คำอธิบาย === จุดและเส้นแนวตั้งเหนือจุดนั้น ในบางแบบอักษร เส้นแนวตั้งจะทำมุมแหลมบางๆ โดยส่วนบนจะใหญ่กว่าส่วนล่างเล็กน้อย และอาจเป็นมุมโค้งมนที่ส่วนบนด้วย === รากศัพท์ === มาจากคำว่า <math>\overset{I}{o}</math> ซึ่งเป็นคำย่อ{{der|mul|la|-}}ของ {{m|la|interiectiō||การอุทาน}} หรือคำอุทาน {{m|la|iō||เฮ้!}} ที่วางไว้ท้ายคำอุทานเพื่อบ่งบอกว่าเป็นการอุทาน<ref>{{cite-book|en|year=1987|author=Alexander Humez|title=A B C et cetera: the life & times of the Roman alphabet|publisher=David R. Godine|location=Boston|isbn=9781567921007|oclc=44669442}}</ref> มันแสดงถึงความเกรงขาม ความประหลาดใจ ({{m+|la|admīrātiō}}) ในประโยค === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark}} ''(ชื่อเรียก ดูที่หมายเหตุการใช้)'' # [[ใช้]][[แสดง]][[ความตื่นเต้น]] [[ตกใจ]] [[หรือ]][[ประหลาดใจ]] [[มัก]][[เขียน]][[ต่อ]][[ท้าย]][[คำ]][[อุทาน]] [[สามารถ]]ใช้[[ซ้ำ]][[ได้]] หรือใช้[[ร่วม]][[กับ]] [[?]] [[ก็]]ได้ {{ตย|คุณพระช่วย!}} === สัญลักษณ์ === {{mul-symbol}} # {{lb|mul|คณิต}} [[แฟกทอเรียล]], [[จำนวนนับ]][[ที่]][[คูณ]][[กัน]][[โดย]][[ลดหลั่น]][[ที]][[ละ]][[หนึ่ง]][[จน]][[ถึง]]หนึ่ง [[ยกเว้น]] 0! = 1 {{ตย|5! {{=}} 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 {{=}} 120}} # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[นิเสธ]][[ของ]][[ค่า]][[ตรรกะ]][[ใน]][[ภาษา]][[โปรแกรม]][[บาง]]ภาษา # {{lb|mul|คอม}} [[เคย]][[ใช้]][[เป็น]][[ตัว]][[คั่น]]ใน[[ที่อยู่อีเมล]] โดยคั่น[[ระหว่าง]][[ชื่อ]][[โฮสต์]][[เพื่อ]]ใช้[[จัด]][[เส้นทาง]][[การส่ง]][[ข้อความ]] # {{lb|mul|คอม}} ใช้เป็นตัวคั่นระหว่าง[[ชื่อเล่น]][[กับ]][[ไอดี]]ของ[[ผู้ใช้]][[ไออาร์ซี]] # ใช้[[แสดง]][[บันทึก]][[ตา]][[เดิน]][[หมากรุกสากล]]ที่[[ดี]] ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ชื่อภาษาอังกฤษของเครื่องหมายนี้มีหลายอย่าง เช่น [[exclamation mark]], [[exclamation point]], [[exclamation]], [[ecphoneme]] หรือในบริบททางคอมพิวเตอร์คือ [[shriek]], [[bang]] หรือ [[pling]] * ชื่อภาษาไทยเรียก [[อัศเจรีย์]] หรือ [[เครื่องหมายตกใจ]] * ในการใช้เพื่อแสดงความตื่นเต้น ความประหลาดใจ หรือความตกใจ บางครั้งอาจมีการใช้ซ้ำเพื่อเน้นย้ำเพิ่มเติม เช่น "!!", "!!!", "??!!!" หรือตัวอื่น ๆ ที่คล้ายกัน === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} 5w7ykke9rf1441kmt5sovjrgq76rs4n 10 44913 5713853 1561280 2026-03-30T02:09:54Z Octahedron80 267 5713853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{head|mul|เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน|head={{{head|}}}|head2={{{head2|}}}|head3={{{head3|}}}|head4={{{head4|}}}|sc={{{sc|Zsym}}}|sort={{{sort|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|ชื่อเรียก}}|{{{name|}}}|f1nolink={{{namenolink|}}}|f1lang=th<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name2|}}}|f2nolink={{{name2nolink|}}}|f2lang=th<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name3|}}}|f3nolink={{{name3nolink|}}}|f3lang=th<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name4|}}}|f4nolink={{{name4nolink|}}}|f4lang=th<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 8bhhb6chcsyinpd7f8iig4clvzjurte 5713861 5713853 2026-03-30T02:24:48Z Octahedron80 267 ใส่แค่ชื่อเรียกเพราะจะได้ใส่ได้หลายภาษา 5713861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{head|mul|เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน|head={{{head|}}}|head2={{{head2|}}}|sc={{{sc|}}}|sort={{{sort|}}}|cat2={{{cat2|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{plural|}}}|plural}}|[[{{{plural|}}}#ภาษาร่วม|{{{plural|}}}]]<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|ชื่อเรียก}}|{{{name|}}}|f1nolink={{{namenolink|}}}|f1lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name2|}}}|f2nolink={{{name2nolink|}}}|f2lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name3|}}}|f3nolink={{{name3nolink|}}}|f3lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name4|}}}|f4nolink={{{name4nolink|}}}|f4lang=mul<!-- -->}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 43z5j83xb9m6sf1jp4v65imarpg1o78 5713862 5713861 2026-03-30T02:25:19Z Octahedron80 267 5713862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{head|mul|เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน|head={{{head|}}}|head2={{{head2|}}}|sc={{{sc|}}}|sort={{{sort|}}}|cat2={{{cat2|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{plural|}}}|พหูพจน์}}|[[{{{plural|}}}#ภาษาร่วม|{{{plural|}}}]]<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|ชื่อเรียก}}|{{{name|}}}|f1nolink={{{namenolink|}}}|f1lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name2|}}}|f2nolink={{{name2nolink|}}}|f2lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name3|}}}|f3nolink={{{name3nolink|}}}|f3lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name4|}}}|f4nolink={{{name4nolink|}}}|f4lang=mul<!-- -->}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 2n2f71jxjztmfchd7f6v7o0vkh3kzhq 0 46954 5714321 1916055 2026-03-30T11:02:23Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาพม่า */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714321 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาพม่า == === รากศัพท์ === {{dercat|my|sa}} {{bor+|my|en|Cambodia}}; {{dbt|my|ကမ္ဗောဇ}} === การออกเสียง === * {{my-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{my-proper noun}} # {{tcl|my|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} #: {{ux|my|ကမ္ဘောဒီးယား[[နိုင်ငံ]]|ประเทศกัมพูชา|inline=y}} # [[ชาว]]กัมพูชา cstxqmix40n1drd1zbsgort1udzyrxq 828 47192 5713995 5633711 2026-03-30T04:17:58Z Octahedron80 267 5713995 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Capital parents must begin with หมวดหมู่: -- แม่แบบภาษา... labels["แม่แบบ"] = { description = "[[Wiktionary:Templates|แม่แบบ]]{{{langcat}}}ซึ่งมีโค้ดวิกิที่ใช้ซ้ำได้ ซึ่งช่วยในการสร้างและจัดการรายการต่าง ๆ", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบ", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "แบ่งตามภาษา", }, parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["templates"] = labels["แม่แบบ"] labels["auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain {{{langname}}} tables generated automatically.", additional = "They use the <code>table:</code> prefix. For example, see [[Template:table:chess pieces/en]].", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate descriptions and categorization for category pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["แม่แบบการแปลง"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to convert between different orthographic or numeral representations.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["conversion templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการแปลง"] labels["definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] of {{{langname}}} entries to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["แม่แบบรายการ"] = { description = "Templates used to help in the creation of {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบรายการ"}, parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["entry templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรายการ"] labels["แม่แบบรากศัพท์"] = { description = "Templates used in the etymology section of {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["etymology templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรากศัพท์"] labels["แม่แบบทดลอง"] = { description = "Templates used to test possible content for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["experimental templates"] = labels["แม่แบบทดลอง"] labels["แม่แบบรูปผัน"] = { description = "Templates used on the definition line of entries for inflected forms of words in {{{langname}}}, to link back to the main form.", parents = {"definition templates", "แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["form-of templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรูปผัน"] labels["แม่แบบบรรทัดคำหลัก"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to display lines containing headwords.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["headword-line templates"] = labels["แม่แบบบรรทัดคำหลัก"] labels["แม่แบบดัชนี"] = { description = "Templates used to organize {{{langname}}} indexes.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["index templates"] = labels["แม่แบบดัชนี"] labels["แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป"] = { description = "Templates used to show inflection tables for {{{langname}}} terms.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["inflection-table templates"] = labels["แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป"] -- Do particular types of inflection-table templates. for _, pos in ipairs({ "คำคุณศัพท์", "คำกริยาวิเศษณ์", "ตัวกำหนด", "nominal", "คำนาม", "เลข", "รูปกริยาขยาย", "คำปัจฉบท", "คำอนุภาค", "คำบุพบท", "คำสรรพนาม", "คำกริยา", }) do labels["แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป" .. pos] = { description = "Templates used to show declension tables for {{{langname}}} " .. pos .. "s.", parents = {"แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป"}, } end labels["แม่แบบลิงก์"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create links to other entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["link templates"] = labels["แม่แบบลิงก์"] labels["แม่แบบรายชื่อ"] = { description = "แม่แบบต่าง ๆ ที่มีรายชื่อใน{{{langcat}}}", additional = "แม่แบบเหล่านี้ใช้คำขึ้นต้น <code>รายชื่อ:</code> ตัวอย่างเช่น [[แม่แบบ:รายชื่อ:ตัวอักษรในอักษรละติน/en]]<br />" .. "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:List templates]].", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["list templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรายชื่อ"] labels["แม่แบบการกลายรูป"] = { description = "Templates used to show mutation of {{{langname}}} words.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["mutation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการกลายรูป"] labels["แม่แบบการนำทาง"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", additional = "Examples are all the members of a given class (e.g. personal pronouns, interrogatives, demonstratives), cardinal numbers up to 100, category TOC (table-of-contents) templates, etc.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["navigation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการนำทาง"] labels["แม่แบบการออกเสียง"] = { description = "Templates used to generate IPA pronunciation, rhymes, hyphenation, etc. for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["pronunciation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการออกเสียง"] labels["sign production templates"] = { description = "Templates used in describing and showing the production of {{{langname}}} signs.", parents = {"แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, } labels["แม่แบบการยกข้อความ"] = { description = "Templates used to generate quotations for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการอ้างอิง"}, parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["quotation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการยกข้อความ"] labels["quotation navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the documentation of {{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Quotations/Templates|quotation templates]] in order to link to quotation templates for other works by the same author.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการนำทาง", "หมวดหมู่:Quotation templates by language"}, parents = {"แม่แบบการยกข้อความ", "แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } -- reference=แหล่งอ้างอิง ; citation=การอ้างอิง labels["แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"] = { topright = function(data) if data.lang and data.lang:getCode() == "ine-pro" then return "{{shortcut|WT:RTINE}}" end end, umbrella = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง}}\n{{also|Template:refcat}}", parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"}, breadcrumb = "แบ่งตามภาษา", }, description = "Templates used to generate reference footnotes for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["reference templates"] = labels["แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"] labels["แม่แบบเสริม"] = { description = "Templates used to keep contents for other {{{langname}}} templates.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["supplementary templates"] = labels["แม่แบบเสริม"] -- สำหรับ usage note labels["แม่แบบการใช้"] = { description = "Templates used to show usage notes in {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["usage templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการใช้"] for key, data in pairs(labels) do -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. if not data.umbrella and not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา" end -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = "^" .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(parent) if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if labels[parent] then parent = labels[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["แม่แบบ"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:T}}", description = "An organizing category intended for all templates in use on Wiktionary.", additional = "''See also: [[Wiktionary:Templates]], [[meta:Help:Template]]''", parents = {"วิกิพจนานุกรม"}, } raw_categories["Administration templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the administration of Wiktionary.", additional = "They are only used outside of mainspace and are distinct from [[:หมวดหมู่:Maintenance templates|maintenance templates]], which are used in maintaining entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Archive templates"] = { description = "Templates used on archived or otherwise inactive pages.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["CheckUser templates"] = { description = "Templates related to [[Wiktionary:Requests for checkuser|checkuser requests]].", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["Editnotices"] = { description = "Templates used to display notices in edit mode.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบภาคผนวก"] = { description = "Templates used in appendices or to link to appendices.", parents = {"หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบ", "หมวดหมู่:ภาคผนวก"}, } raw_categories["Swadesh list templates"] = { description = "Templates used on pages that contain [[w:Swadesh list]]s.", parents = {"แม่แบบภาคผนวก"}, } raw_categories["Astrology templates"] = { description = "Templates that display astrology-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบเสียง"] = { description = "Templates used to play or request audio files.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate word tables (like [[Template:table:seasons]]).", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:Auto-table templates by language]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Box templates"] = { description = "General purpose box templates.", additional = "If you're considering making a template that looks like a box, look here first!", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Categorization templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|:หมวดหมู่:Category modules}}", description = "Templates used to categorize terms or entries.", additional = "([[:หมวดหมู่:Category templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used in the category namespace.)", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบหมวดหมู่"] = { description = "Templates used in the category namespace.", additional = "([[:หมวดหมู่:Categorization templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used to categorize pages.)", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate the text of category pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบหมวดหมู่"}, } raw_categories["TOC templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate a list of linked letters to navigate the pages listed in categories.", parents = {"แม่แบบหมวดหมู่", "แม่แบบการนำทาง"}, } raw_categories["Character info templates"] = { description = "Templates that utilize {{temp|character info}}.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Character insertion templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Templates for generating characters used in wiki code"] = { description = "Templates used to generate characters that are reserved for specific wiki code functions and cannot be directly entered.", additional = "An alternative to using these templates is to use an HTML entity such as <code>&amp;#91</code> " .. "for a left bracket.<br />" .. "Note that the templates below are sorted by the first character of the wikicode that each template generates.", parents = {"Character insertion templates"}, } raw_categories["Chemistry templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chemistry-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Chess templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chess diagrams.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } -- reference=แหล่งอ้างอิง ; citation=การอ้างอิง raw_categories["แม่แบบการอ้างอิง"] = { preceding = "{{ombox|type=speedy|text=Some templates may be marked '''FOR TESTING ONLY'''. Do not use these in entries, if requested on the template page itself. Take a look at the template page before using it.}}", description = "Templates used to generate citations and quotations.", additional = [=[ {{citation templates}} ==See also== * [[Wiktionary:Quotations]] * [[:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง]] for specific templates to well-known and widely used sources.]=], parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } -- Skipped: Concordance templates raw_categories["Control flow templates"] = { description = "Templates to aid in control-flow constructs, which the template language is normally limited in.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Cross reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to create cross-references between sections.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Dating templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying dates.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรูปผัน"] = { description = "Templates used in defining inflections or variants of a given lemma.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammar form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that stand in a particular grammatical relation to a given lemma.", parents = {"แม่แบบรูปผัน"}, } raw_categories["Conjugation form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular verb forms (e.g. past participle) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Declension form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular noun or adjective forms (e.g. masculine plural) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบชื่อ"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions for names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Object usage templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to show case and adposition usage for verb objects and similar constructs.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบชื่อสถานที่"] = { description = "Templates used in defining place names or demonyms that refer to place names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรายการ"] = { description = "Templates used to help create new entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรากศัพท์"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to define the etymology of a term.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Foreign derivation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to indicate derivation from a different language than the language of the current entry.", parents = {"แม่แบบรากศัพท์"}, } raw_categories["Morphology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to specify the morphology of a term.", parents = {"แม่แบบรากศัพท์"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific morphology templates"] = { description = "Specialized morphology templates used in the etymology sections of terms in particular languages.", parents = {"Morphology templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบบรรทัดคำหลัก"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Headword-line templates}}", description = "Templates used to define the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#headword line|headword line]] of a term.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Discussion templates"] = { description = "Templates intended for use only in discussions and documentation of templates and modules.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Monthly-subpages discussion room infrastructure"] = { description = "Templates used in generating and maintaining monthly discussion forums such as the [[Wiktionary:Grease pit|Grease pit]] and [[Wiktionary:Beer parlour|Beer parlour]].", parents = {"Discussion templates"}, } raw_categories["Documentation templates"] = { description = "Templates used on template and module documentation pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบไฟล์"] = { description = "Templates used in the File namespace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Language attestation warning templates"] = { description = "Templates that warn users about the attestation status of entries or senses from a language.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Layout templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating specific layouts within entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Collapsible box templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating collapsible boxes.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบสดมภ์"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Templates#Columns}}", description = "Templates used in laying out lists in columns.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบตาราง"] = { description = "Templates used in formatting tables.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์"] = { description = "Templates used to link to other terms, to other MediaWiki projects or to external websites.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Disambiguation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to disambiguate multiple similar terms.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์ภายนอก"] = { description = "Templates that link to websites outside of the MediaWiki Foundation purview.", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการอ้างอิง]] for others.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์ภายใน"] = { description = "Templates that link between Wiktionary entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific internal link templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that link between Wiktionary entries in particular languages.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ภายใน"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"] = { description = "Templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["Inline interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["Sidebar interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Sidebar templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์วิกิสนเทศ"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to Wikidata.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์วิกิซอร์ซ"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to Wikisource.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรายชื่อ"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists.", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:List templates by language]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Character list templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of characters.", parents = {"แม่แบบรายชื่อ"}, } raw_categories["Lua-free templates"] = { description = "Lua-free (i.e. \"lite\") versions of templates that use Lua.", additional = "Lua-free templates are used on long pages to avoid [[Wiktionary:Lua memory errors|Lua memory errors]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Maintenance templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Maintenance templates}}", description = "Templates used in the maintenance of Wiktionary entries and other pages.", additional = "They are distinct from [[:หมวดหมู่:Administration templates|administration templates]], which are only used outside of mainspace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "หมวดหมู่:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["Cleanup templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request cleanup of entries.", additional = "Some of these templates are used when entries are batch-imported from another source.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "แม่แบบการร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Deletion templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request deletion of entries.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "แม่แบบการร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Verification templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request verification of entries that may be incorrect.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "แม่แบบการร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบวิกิพจนานุกรม"] = { description = "Templates used in the internal operation of Wiktionary.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "วิกิพจนานุกรม"}, } raw_categories["Metatemplates"] = { description = "Templates used in other templates or to create other templates.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["String manipulation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to manipulate strings.", additional = "See also [[Module:string/templates]], which can be invoked from templates to do string manipulation.", parents = {"Metatemplates"}, } ------------ NAVIGATION TEMPLATES ------------ raw_categories["แม่แบบการนำทาง"] = { description = "Templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific number templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate number boxes or lists for a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Number templates}}, which contains general (language-agnostic) templates for converting numbers or generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"แม่แบบการนำทาง"}, } raw_categories["Pro-form box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate navigation boxes for displaying pro-forms (pronouns, determiners, pronominal adverbs, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"แม่แบบการนำทาง"}, } raw_categories["Demonstrative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate demonstrative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammatical article box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate grammatical article boxes (definite, indefinite, partitive, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Interrogative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate interrogative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Personal pronoun box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate personal pronoun boxes for a given language.", additional = [=[ The standard format for these templates is: * Where the language is uninflected (e.g. Samoan {{tl|sm-personal pronouns}}) or the language is inflected but the box shows only the lemma forms of the pronoun (e.g. Basque {{tl|eu-personal pronouns}}), the '''numbers''' (singular/plural) run across the top and the '''persons''' (1st/2nd/3rd) run down the left side. * Where the language is inflected, the '''cases''' run across the top. Down the left side, the headers (from left to right) are '''number''', '''person''', then any subform if applicable. Example: Middle High German {{tl|gmh-personal pronouns}} ** Exceptions: *** If there are too many cases to fit on the screen as columns, the template can be transposed so that cases run vertically. Example: Northern Yukaghir {{tl|ykg-personal pronouns}} *** If the singular and plural forms are very similar, consider placing the person headers outside number instead. Example: Punjabi {{tl|pa-personal pronouns}} ]=], parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Possessive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate possessive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Reflexive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate reflexive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Relative pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate relative pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Number templates"] = { description = "General (language-agnostic) templates used to convert numbers or generate boxes or lists of the numbers in a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Language-specific number templates}}, which contains language-specific templates for generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Orthographic and regional variant templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of links to alternative forms of a term, either across orthographic systems, scripts, or regional or dialectal variation.", parents = {"แม่แบบอักษร", "แม่แบบลิงก์ภายใน"}, } raw_categories["Preloaded templates"] = { description = "Templates not meant to be transcluded, but instead, whether through URL parameters or modules, have their contents preloaded into edit fields.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบการออกเสียง"] = { description = "Templates used to format pronunciation sections and the characters they use.", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบอักษร]] and [[Wiktionary:Pronunciation]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบสัมผัส"] = { description = "Templates used to format [[Wiktionary:Rhymes|rhyme pages]], links to them from pronunciation sections, etc.", parents = {"แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, } raw_categories["Sign language templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format sign-language pronunciation charts.", parents = {"แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, } raw_categories["Qualifier and gloss templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying qualifiers, glosses and the like.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Redirect templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format redirect pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } -- reference=แหล่งอ้างอิง ; citation=การอ้างอิง raw_categories["แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง|:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิงแบ่งตามภาษา}}", description = "Templates used to format references.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Religion templates"] = { description = "Templates that display religion-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบการร้องขอ"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:RT}}", description = "Request templates for dictionary entries in the main namespace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "การร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Sandbox templates"] = { description = "Sandbox versions of templates used for testing purposes.", additional = "'''NOTE:''' The use of sandbox templates in mainspace is strongly dispreferred. Please place all sandbox templates in your userspace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบอักษร"] = { preceding = "{{mainwikt|Scripts}}", description = "Templates used for converting between scripts or displaying text in a specific script.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Semantic relation templates"] = { description = "Templates that are placed below the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]], to indicate other terms semantically related to a particular sense.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Single-page-use templates"] = { description = "Templates used only on a single page and unlikely to find re-use elsewhere.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Supplementary templates"] = { description = "A grab bag of templates used to assist other templates.", additional = "These should be recategorized according to function.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomy templates"] = { description = "Templates used in Translingual taxonomy entries and in reference to those entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic hypernym templates"] = { description = "Templates and subcategories containing such templates. The templates contain text to appear under the Hypernyms header for taxonomic name entries.", additional = "Each template has the name of the taxon from which it begins. The templates in this category at present are the many templates that begin with the names of taxonomic families. Others are in subcategories", breadcrumb = "Hypernym", parents = {"Taxonomy templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic name templates"] = { description = "Templates used for the presentation of taxonomic names on a definition line.", breadcrumb = "Name", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format references for taxonomic names.", breadcrumb = "Reference", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"}, } raw_categories["Templates that must be substituted"] = { description = "Templates that are not intended for transclusion with <code><nowiki>{{ }}</nowiki></code>, " .. "and must be substituted with <code><nowiki>{{subst: }}</nowiki></code>wherever they exist.", additional = "Some of the members of this category are permanent, as the template was written in such a way that " .. "it must be substituted to function properly. There may also be templates in this category that are deprecated, " .. "in which case their content has been replaced with the preferred code.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "การร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Templates with acceleration"] = { description = "Templates can be added to this category by adding {{tl|isAccelerated}} to their documentation pages.", additional = "Presence in this category indicates that at least some of the \"form-of\" entries for the word can be generated semi-automatically by users with [[Wiktionary:ACCEL|accelerated]] editing enabled.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Text format templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide shortcuts for formatting ordinary text.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบอรรถาภิธาน"] = { description = "Templates for linking to or formatting thesaurus entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบคำแปล"] = { description = "Templates used to format entries in and parts of translation tables.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบผู้ใช้"] = { description = "Templates meant to be used in userspace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["User sandbox templates"] = { description = "Templates that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.", additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several " .. "sandbox templates are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These templates should not be used in real " .. "Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.", parents = { "Sandbox templates", "แม่แบบ" }, } raw_categories["Authority control subtemplates"] = { description = "Subtemplates used in conjunction with {{tl|authority control}}.", parents = {"แม่แบบผู้ใช้"}, } raw_categories["User competency templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given natural language, script or programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"แม่แบบผู้ใช้"}, } raw_categories["Coder user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Language user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in speaking a given language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Script user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in reading a given script.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["WOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Word of the Day.", parents = {"แม่แบบวิกิพจนานุกรม"}, } raw_categories["FWOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Foreign Word of the Day.", parents = {"WOTD templates"}, } raw_categories["Non-production templates and modules"] = { description = "Templates and modules not currently used in production.", additional = "{{also|พิเศษ:UnusedTemplates|หมวดหมู่:Unused templates}}", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "มอดูล", "หมวดหมู่:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to templates.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "หมวดหมู่ใหญ่รวมหัวข้อ", {name = "แม่แบบ", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. for key, data in pairs(raw_categories) do if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = "^" .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(parent)) if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if raw_categories[parent] then parent = raw_categories[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} 3zvfytuo7z9baaqunns4z89fflfnmm4 5713996 5713995 2026-03-30T04:19:43Z Octahedron80 267 5713996 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} local raw_categories = {} ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- LABELS -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Capital parents must begin with หมวดหมู่: -- แม่แบบภาษา... labels["แม่แบบ"] = { description = "[[Wiktionary:Templates|แม่แบบ]]{{{langcat}}}ซึ่งมีโค้ดวิกิที่ใช้ซ้ำได้ ซึ่งช่วยในการสร้างและจัดการรายการต่าง ๆ", umbrella = { parents = {{name = "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบ", sort = " "}}, breadcrumb = "แบ่งตามภาษา", }, parents = {{name = "{{{langcat}}}", raw = true}}, } labels["templates"] = labels["แม่แบบ"] labels["auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates that contain {{{langname}}} tables generated automatically.", additional = "They use the <code>table:</code> prefix. For example, see [[Template:table:chess pieces/en]].", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate descriptions and categorization for category pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["แม่แบบการแปลง"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to convert between different orthographic or numeral representations.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["conversion templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการแปลง"] labels["definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] of {{{langname}}} entries to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["แม่แบบรายการ"] = { description = "Templates used to help in the creation of {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบรายการ"}, parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["entry templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรายการ"] labels["แม่แบบรากศัพท์"] = { description = "Templates used in the etymology section of {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["etymology templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรากศัพท์"] labels["แม่แบบทดลอง"] = { description = "Templates used to test possible content for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["experimental templates"] = labels["แม่แบบทดลอง"] labels["แม่แบบรูปผัน"] = { description = "Templates used on the definition line of entries for inflected forms of words in {{{langname}}}, to link back to the main form.", parents = {"definition templates", "แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["form-of templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรูปผัน"] labels["แม่แบบบรรทัดคำหลัก"] = { description = "Templates used in {{{langname}}} entries to display lines containing headwords.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["headword-line templates"] = labels["แม่แบบบรรทัดคำหลัก"] labels["แม่แบบดัชนี"] = { description = "Templates used to organize {{{langname}}} indexes.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["index templates"] = labels["แม่แบบดัชนี"] labels["แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป"] = { description = "Templates used to show inflection tables for {{{langname}}} terms.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["inflection-table templates"] = labels["แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป"] -- Do particular types of inflection-table templates. for _, pos in ipairs({ "คำคุณศัพท์", "คำกริยาวิเศษณ์", "ตัวกำหนด", "nominal", "คำนาม", "เลข", "รูปกริยาขยาย", "คำปัจฉบท", "คำอนุภาค", "คำบุพบท", "คำสรรพนาม", "คำกริยา", }) do labels["แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป" .. pos] = { description = "Templates used to show declension tables for {{{langname}}} " .. pos .. "s.", parents = {"แม่แบบตารางการผันรูป"}, } end labels["แม่แบบลิงก์"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create links to other entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["link templates"] = labels["แม่แบบลิงก์"] labels["แม่แบบรายชื่อ"] = { description = "แม่แบบต่าง ๆ ที่มีรายชื่อใน{{{langcat}}}", additional = "แม่แบบเหล่านี้ใช้คำขึ้นต้น <code>รายชื่อ:</code> ตัวอย่างเช่น [[แม่แบบ:รายชื่อ:ตัวอักษรในอักษรละติน/en]]<br />" .. "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:List templates]].", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["list templates"] = labels["แม่แบบรายชื่อ"] labels["แม่แบบการกลายรูป"] = { description = "Templates used to show mutation of {{{langname}}} words.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["mutation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการกลายรูป"] labels["แม่แบบการนำทาง"] = { description = "{{{langname}}} templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", additional = "Examples are all the members of a given class (e.g. personal pronouns, interrogatives, demonstratives), cardinal numbers up to 100, category TOC (table-of-contents) templates, etc.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["navigation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการนำทาง"] labels["แม่แบบการออกเสียง"] = { description = "Templates used to generate IPA pronunciation, rhymes, hyphenation, etc. for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["pronunciation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการออกเสียง"] labels["sign production templates"] = { description = "Templates used in describing and showing the production of {{{langname}}} signs.", parents = {"แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, } labels["แม่แบบการยกข้อความ"] = { description = "Templates used to generate quotations for {{{langname}}} entries.", umbrella_parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการอ้างอิง"}, parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["quotation templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการยกข้อความ"] labels["quotation navigation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the documentation of {{{langname}}} [[Wiktionary:Quotations/Templates|quotation templates]] in order to link to quotation templates for other works by the same author.", umbrella_parents = {"Templates subcategories by language", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการนำทาง", "หมวดหมู่:Quotation templates by language"}, parents = {"แม่แบบการยกข้อความ", "แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } -- reference=แหล่งอ้างอิง ; citation=การอ้างอิง labels["แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"] = { topright = function(data) if data.lang and data.lang:getCode() == "ine-pro" then return "{{shortcut|WT:RTINE}}" end end, umbrella = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง}}\n{{also|Template:refcat}}", parents = {"หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา", "หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"}, breadcrumb = "แบ่งตามภาษา", }, description = "Templates used to generate reference footnotes for {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } labels["reference templates"] = labels["แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"] labels["แม่แบบเสริม"] = { description = "Templates used to keep contents for other {{{langname}}} templates.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["supplementary templates"] = labels["แม่แบบเสริม"] -- สำหรับ usage note labels["แม่แบบการใช้"] = { description = "Templates used to show usage notes in {{{langname}}} entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } labels["usage templates"] = labels["แม่แบบการใช้"] for key, data in pairs(labels) do -- Add 'umbrella_parents' key if not already present. if not data.umbrella and not data.umbrella_parents then data.umbrella_parents = "หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา" end -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = "^" .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(parent) if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if labels[parent] then parent = labels[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- -- RAW CATEGORIES -- -- -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- raw_categories["แม่แบบ"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:T}}", description = "An organizing category intended for all templates in use on Wiktionary.", additional = "''See also: [[Wiktionary:Templates]], [[meta:Help:Template]]''", parents = {"วิกิพจนานุกรม"}, } raw_categories["Administration templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the administration of Wiktionary.", additional = "They are only used outside of mainspace and are distinct from [[:หมวดหมู่:Maintenance templates|maintenance templates]], which are used in maintaining entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Archive templates"] = { description = "Templates used on archived or otherwise inactive pages.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["CheckUser templates"] = { description = "Templates related to [[Wiktionary:Requests for checkuser|checkuser requests]].", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["Editnotices"] = { description = "Templates used to display notices in edit mode.", parents = {"Administration templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบภาคผนวก"] = { description = "Templates used in appendices or to link to appendices.", parents = {"หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบ", "หมวดหมู่:ภาคผนวก"}, } raw_categories["Swadesh list templates"] = { description = "Templates used on pages that contain [[w:Swadesh list]]s.", parents = {"แม่แบบภาคผนวก"}, } raw_categories["Astrology templates"] = { description = "Templates that display astrology-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบเสียง"] = { description = "Templates used to play or request audio files.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Auto-table templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate word tables (like [[Template:table:seasons]]).", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:Auto-table templates by language]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Box templates"] = { description = "General purpose box templates.", additional = "If you're considering making a template that looks like a box, look here first!", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Categorization templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|:หมวดหมู่:Category modules}}", description = "Templates used to categorize terms or entries.", additional = "([[:หมวดหมู่:Category templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used in the category namespace.)", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบหมวดหมู่"] = { description = "Templates used in the category namespace.", additional = "([[:หมวดหมู่:Categorization templates]], on the other hand, contains templates used to categorize pages.)", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Category boilerplate templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate the text of category pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบหมวดหมู่"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบสารบัญ"] = { description = "Templates used to generate a list of linked letters to navigate the pages listed in categories.", parents = {"แม่แบบหมวดหมู่", "แม่แบบการนำทาง"}, } raw_categories["Character info templates"] = { description = "Templates that utilize {{temp|character info}}.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Character insertion templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide easier ways to type characters that are not found in most keyboard layouts.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Templates for generating characters used in wiki code"] = { description = "Templates used to generate characters that are reserved for specific wiki code functions and cannot be directly entered.", additional = "An alternative to using these templates is to use an HTML entity such as <code>&amp;#91</code> " .. "for a left bracket.<br />" .. "Note that the templates below are sorted by the first character of the wikicode that each template generates.", parents = {"Character insertion templates"}, } raw_categories["Chemistry templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chemistry-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Chess templates"] = { description = "Templates that display chess diagrams.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } -- reference=แหล่งอ้างอิง ; citation=การอ้างอิง raw_categories["แม่แบบการอ้างอิง"] = { preceding = "{{ombox|type=speedy|text=Some templates may be marked '''FOR TESTING ONLY'''. Do not use these in entries, if requested on the template page itself. Take a look at the template page before using it.}}", description = "Templates used to generate citations and quotations.", additional = [=[ {{citation templates}} ==See also== * [[Wiktionary:Quotations]] * [[:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง]] for specific templates to well-known and widely used sources.]=], parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } -- Skipped: Concordance templates raw_categories["Control flow templates"] = { description = "Templates to aid in control-flow constructs, which the template language is normally limited in.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Cross reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to create cross-references between sections.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Dating templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying dates.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Definition templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรูปผัน"] = { description = "Templates used in defining inflections or variants of a given lemma.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammar form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that stand in a particular grammatical relation to a given lemma.", parents = {"แม่แบบรูปผัน"}, } raw_categories["Conjugation form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular verb forms (e.g. past participle) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["Declension form-of templates"] = { description = "Templates used in defining terms that represent particular noun or adjective forms (e.g. masculine plural) of given lemma.", parents = {"Grammar form-of templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบชื่อ"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to help in creating definitions for names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Object usage templates"] = { description = "Templates used in the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]] to show case and adposition usage for verb objects and similar constructs.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบชื่อสถานที่"] = { description = "Templates used in defining place names or demonyms that refer to place names.", parents = {"Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรายการ"] = { description = "Templates used to help create new entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรากศัพท์"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to define the etymology of a term.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Foreign derivation templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to indicate derivation from a different language than the language of the current entry.", parents = {"แม่แบบรากศัพท์"}, } raw_categories["Morphology templates"] = { description = "Templates used in etymology sections to specify the morphology of a term.", parents = {"แม่แบบรากศัพท์"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific morphology templates"] = { description = "Specialized morphology templates used in the etymology sections of terms in particular languages.", parents = {"Morphology templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบบรรทัดคำหลัก"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Headword-line templates}}", description = "Templates used to define the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#headword line|headword line]] of a term.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Discussion templates"] = { description = "Templates intended for use only in discussions and documentation of templates and modules.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Monthly-subpages discussion room infrastructure"] = { description = "Templates used in generating and maintaining monthly discussion forums such as the [[Wiktionary:Grease pit|Grease pit]] and [[Wiktionary:Beer parlour|Beer parlour]].", parents = {"Discussion templates"}, } raw_categories["Documentation templates"] = { description = "Templates used on template and module documentation pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบไฟล์"] = { description = "Templates used in the File namespace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Language attestation warning templates"] = { description = "Templates that warn users about the attestation status of entries or senses from a language.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Layout templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating specific layouts within entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Collapsible box templates"] = { description = "Templates used in creating collapsible boxes.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบสดมภ์"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Templates#Columns}}", description = "Templates used in laying out lists in columns.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบตาราง"] = { description = "Templates used in formatting tables.", parents = {"Layout templates"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์"] = { description = "Templates used to link to other terms, to other MediaWiki projects or to external websites.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Disambiguation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to disambiguate multiple similar terms.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์ภายนอก"] = { description = "Templates that link to websites outside of the MediaWiki Foundation purview.", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบการอ้างอิง]] for others.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์ภายใน"] = { description = "Templates that link between Wiktionary entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific internal link templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that link between Wiktionary entries in particular languages.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ภายใน"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"] = { description = "Templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์"}, } raw_categories["Inline interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["Sidebar interwiki link templates"] = { description = "Sidebar templates that link to other Wikimedia projects.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์วิกิสนเทศ"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to Wikidata.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบลิงก์วิกิซอร์ซ"] = { description = "Inline templates that link to Wikisource.", parents = {"แม่แบบลิงก์ข้ามวิกิ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบรายชื่อ"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists.", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:List templates by language]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Character list templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of characters.", parents = {"แม่แบบรายชื่อ"}, } raw_categories["Lua-free templates"] = { description = "Lua-free (i.e. \"lite\") versions of templates that use Lua.", additional = "Lua-free templates are used on long pages to avoid [[Wiktionary:Lua memory errors|Lua memory errors]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Maintenance templates"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:Maintenance templates}}", description = "Templates used in the maintenance of Wiktionary entries and other pages.", additional = "They are distinct from [[:หมวดหมู่:Administration templates|administration templates]], which are only used outside of mainspace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "หมวดหมู่:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["Cleanup templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request cleanup of entries.", additional = "Some of these templates are used when entries are batch-imported from another source.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "แม่แบบการร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Deletion templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request deletion of entries.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "แม่แบบการร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Verification templates"] = { description = "Templates used to request verification of entries that may be incorrect.", parents = {"Maintenance templates", "แม่แบบการร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบวิกิพจนานุกรม"] = { description = "Templates used in the internal operation of Wiktionary.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "วิกิพจนานุกรม"}, } raw_categories["Metatemplates"] = { description = "Templates used in other templates or to create other templates.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["String manipulation templates"] = { description = "Templates used to manipulate strings.", additional = "See also [[Module:string/templates]], which can be invoked from templates to do string manipulation.", parents = {"Metatemplates"}, } ------------ NAVIGATION TEMPLATES ------------ raw_categories["แม่แบบการนำทาง"] = { description = "Templates used to create navigation boxes for easily linking to other similar pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Language-specific number templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate number boxes or lists for a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Number templates}}, which contains general (language-agnostic) templates for converting numbers or generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"แม่แบบการนำทาง"}, } raw_categories["Pro-form box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate navigation boxes for displaying pro-forms (pronouns, determiners, pronominal adverbs, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"แม่แบบการนำทาง"}, } raw_categories["Demonstrative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate demonstrative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Grammatical article box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate grammatical article boxes (definite, indefinite, partitive, etc.) for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Interrogative box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate interrogative pronoun, determiner and adverb boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Personal pronoun box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate personal pronoun boxes for a given language.", additional = [=[ The standard format for these templates is: * Where the language is uninflected (e.g. Samoan {{tl|sm-personal pronouns}}) or the language is inflected but the box shows only the lemma forms of the pronoun (e.g. Basque {{tl|eu-personal pronouns}}), the '''numbers''' (singular/plural) run across the top and the '''persons''' (1st/2nd/3rd) run down the left side. * Where the language is inflected, the '''cases''' run across the top. Down the left side, the headers (from left to right) are '''number''', '''person''', then any subform if applicable. Example: Middle High German {{tl|gmh-personal pronouns}} ** Exceptions: *** If there are too many cases to fit on the screen as columns, the template can be transposed so that cases run vertically. Example: Northern Yukaghir {{tl|ykg-personal pronouns}} *** If the singular and plural forms are very similar, consider placing the person headers outside number instead. Example: Punjabi {{tl|pa-personal pronouns}} ]=], parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Possessive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate possessive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Reflexive pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate reflexive pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Relative pronoun and determiner box templates"] = { description = "Language-specific templates that generate relative pronoun and determiner boxes for a given language.", parents = {"Pro-form box templates"}, } raw_categories["Number templates"] = { description = "General (language-agnostic) templates used to convert numbers or generate boxes or lists of the numbers in a given language.", additional = "Contrast {{catlink|Language-specific number templates}}, which contains language-specific templates for generating number boxes or lists in a given language.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Orthographic and regional variant templates"] = { description = "Templates used to generate lists of links to alternative forms of a term, either across orthographic systems, scripts, or regional or dialectal variation.", parents = {"แม่แบบอักษร", "แม่แบบลิงก์ภายใน"}, } raw_categories["Preloaded templates"] = { description = "Templates not meant to be transcluded, but instead, whether through URL parameters or modules, have their contents preloaded into edit fields.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบการออกเสียง"] = { description = "Templates used to format pronunciation sections and the characters they use.", additional = "See also [[:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบอักษร]] and [[Wiktionary:Pronunciation]].", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบสัมผัส"] = { description = "Templates used to format [[Wiktionary:Rhymes|rhyme pages]], links to them from pronunciation sections, etc.", parents = {"แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, } raw_categories["Sign language templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format sign-language pronunciation charts.", parents = {"แม่แบบการออกเสียง"}, } raw_categories["Qualifier and gloss templates"] = { description = "Templates for displaying qualifiers, glosses and the like.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Redirect templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format redirect pages.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } -- reference=แหล่งอ้างอิง ; citation=การอ้างอิง raw_categories["แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"] = { preceding = "{{also|Wiktionary:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง|:หมวดหมู่:แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิงแบ่งตามภาษา}}", description = "Templates used to format references.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Religion templates"] = { description = "Templates that display religion-related diagrams or boxes.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบการร้องขอ"] = { topright = "{{shortcut|WT:RT}}", description = "Request templates for dictionary entries in the main namespace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "การร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Sandbox templates"] = { description = "Sandbox versions of templates used for testing purposes.", additional = "'''NOTE:''' The use of sandbox templates in mainspace is strongly dispreferred. Please place all sandbox templates in your userspace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบอักษร"] = { preceding = "{{mainwikt|Scripts}}", description = "Templates used for converting between scripts or displaying text in a specific script.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Semantic relation templates"] = { description = "Templates that are placed below the [[Wiktionary:Glossary#definition line|definition line]], to indicate other terms semantically related to a particular sense.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Single-page-use templates"] = { description = "Templates used only on a single page and unlikely to find re-use elsewhere.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Supplementary templates"] = { description = "A grab bag of templates used to assist other templates.", additional = "These should be recategorized according to function.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomy templates"] = { description = "Templates used in Translingual taxonomy entries and in reference to those entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic hypernym templates"] = { description = "Templates and subcategories containing such templates. The templates contain text to appear under the Hypernyms header for taxonomic name entries.", additional = "Each template has the name of the taxon from which it begins. The templates in this category at present are the many templates that begin with the names of taxonomic families. Others are in subcategories", breadcrumb = "Hypernym", parents = {"Taxonomy templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic name templates"] = { description = "Templates used for the presentation of taxonomic names on a definition line.", breadcrumb = "Name", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "Definition templates"}, } raw_categories["Taxonomic reference templates"] = { description = "Templates used to format references for taxonomic names.", breadcrumb = "Reference", parents = {"Taxonomy templates", "แม่แบบแหล่งอ้างอิง"}, } raw_categories["Templates that must be substituted"] = { description = "Templates that are not intended for transclusion with <code><nowiki>{{ }}</nowiki></code>, " .. "and must be substituted with <code><nowiki>{{subst: }}</nowiki></code>wherever they exist.", additional = "Some of the members of this category are permanent, as the template was written in such a way that " .. "it must be substituted to function properly. There may also be templates in this category that are deprecated, " .. "in which case their content has been replaced with the preferred code.", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "การร้องขอ"}, } raw_categories["Templates with acceleration"] = { description = "Templates can be added to this category by adding {{tl|isAccelerated}} to their documentation pages.", additional = "Presence in this category indicates that at least some of the \"form-of\" entries for the word can be generated semi-automatically by users with [[Wiktionary:ACCEL|accelerated]] editing enabled.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["Text format templates"] = { description = "Templates that provide shortcuts for formatting ordinary text.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบอรรถาภิธาน"] = { description = "Templates for linking to or formatting thesaurus entries.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบคำแปล"] = { description = "Templates used to format entries in and parts of translation tables.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["แม่แบบผู้ใช้"] = { description = "Templates meant to be used in userspace.", parents = {"แม่แบบ"}, } raw_categories["User sandbox templates"] = { description = "Templates that are for personal use and testing by individual editors.", additional = "These should all begin with <code>User:</code> followed by the user's name. If several " .. "sandbox templates are needed by a single user, subpages can be created. These templates should not be used in real " .. "Wiktionary content pages, as all content on those pages should be editable by anyone and, if necessary, edit protected.", parents = { "Sandbox templates", "แม่แบบ" }, } raw_categories["Authority control subtemplates"] = { description = "Subtemplates used in conjunction with {{tl|authority control}}.", parents = {"แม่แบบผู้ใช้"}, } raw_categories["User competency templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given natural language, script or programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"แม่แบบผู้ใช้"}, } raw_categories["Coder user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in a given programming language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Language user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in speaking a given language.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["Script user templates"] = { description = "Templates used for to indicate a user's competency in reading a given script.", additional = "These are used in conjunction with {{tl|Babel}}, which invokes these templates as necessary.", parents = {"User competency templates"}, } raw_categories["WOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Word of the Day.", parents = {"แม่แบบวิกิพจนานุกรม"}, } raw_categories["FWOTD templates"] = { description = "Templates used to support the Foreign Word of the Day.", parents = {"WOTD templates"}, } raw_categories["Non-production templates and modules"] = { description = "Templates and modules not currently used in production.", additional = "{{also|พิเศษ:UnusedTemplates|หมวดหมู่:Unused templates}}", parents = {"แม่แบบ", "มอดูล", "หมวดหมู่:Wiktionary maintenance"}, } raw_categories["หมวดหมู่ย่อยของแม่แบบแบ่งตามภาษา"] = { description = "Umbrella categories covering topics related to templates.", additional = "{{{umbrella_meta_msg}}}", parents = { "หมวดหมู่ใหญ่รวมหัวข้อ", {name = "แม่แบบ", is_label = true, sort = " "}, }, } -- Add breadcrumb by chopping off the parent (or the parent's parent, etc.) from the end of the label, if possible. for key, data in pairs(raw_categories) do if not data.breadcrumb then local parent = data.parents[1] while true do if type(parent) == "string" then local parent_re = "^" .. require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape(mw.getContentLanguage():lcfirst(parent)) if key:find(parent_re) then data.breadcrumb = key:gsub(parent_re, "") break end if raw_categories[parent] then parent = raw_categories[parent].parents[1] else break end else break end end end end return {LABELS = labels, RAW_CATEGORIES = raw_categories} 2xzk63o1f1josf8f6ycymanh7hvsvo2 0 47330 5714355 1916074 2026-03-30T11:28:00Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาพม่า */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาพม่า == === การออกเสียง === * {{my-IPA|ဂ'*ရိ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{my-proper noun}} # {{tcl|my|กรีซ|id=Q41}}; [[กรีก]] #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[နိုင်ငံ]]|ประเทศกรีซ|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[စာ]]|ภาษากรีก (เขียน)|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[ဘာသာ]]|ภาษากรีก|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[စကား]]|ภาษากรีก|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[အက္ခရာ]]|อักษรกรีก, ตักอักษรกรีก|inline=y}} 84m64ssotwmmcvmm3755a2x0nnknde7 5714356 5714355 2026-03-30T11:28:11Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาพม่า == === การออกเสียง === * {{my-IPA|ဂ'*ရိ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{my-proper noun}} # {{tcl|my|กรีซ|id=Q41}}; [[กรีก]] #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[နိုင်ငံ]]|ประเทศกรีซ|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[စာ]]|ภาษากรีก (เขียน)|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[ဘာသာ]]|ภาษากรีก|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[စကား]]|ภาษากรีก|inline=y}} #: {{ux|my|ဂရိ[[အက္ခရာ]]|อักษรกรีก, ตัวอักษรกรีก|inline=y}} hx0aecb0ec3t7vkovrb325kwqcbdf69 0 47948 5713958 3432119 2026-03-30T04:07:53Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713958 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === การออกเสียง === * {{fr-IPA}} === คำกริยา === {{head|fr|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|fr|primer||2|s|simple|futr}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{anagrams|fr|a=aeimprrs|réprimas}} == ภาษาสเปน == === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|es|รูปคุณศัพท์}} # {{adj form of|es|primero||f|p}} === คำนาม === {{head|es|รูปนาม|g=f-p}} # {{plural of|es|primera}} t1nx40udyemowbs99j7yhuyccflncml 0 49598 5714299 1580954 2026-03-30T10:46:24Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714299 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจอร์เจีย == {{wp|ka:}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ka-IPA}} * {{ka-hyphen}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ka-proper noun}} # {{tcl|ka|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ka-decl-noun|-}} mijwu6m27glicxqvipi17bevuy38grq 0 50641 5714288 1914636 2026-03-30T10:37:29Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเขมร */ เก็บกวาด 5714288 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเขมร == {{wp|km:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|km|xhm|kambuja}}, {{m|xhm|kambujja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃbūjja}}, {{m|xhm|kumvuja}}, {{m|xhm|kāmabūja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃmbujja||[[kingdom]] of the [[Kambuja]]}}, ซึ่งทั้งหมดยืมมาจาก{{bor|km|pi|kamboja|t=}} หรือ {{bor|km|sa|काम्बोज}} หรือ {{bor|km|sa|कम्बोज}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|my|ကမ္ဗောဇ}} === การออกเสียง === {{km-IPA|ក័មពុជា}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{km-proper noun}} # {{tcl|km|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}}; [[กัมปูเจีย]] #: {{km-x|ប្រទេស កម្ពុជា|ประเทศกัมพูชา}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|km|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា}} * {{l|km|ស្រុកខ្មែរ}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|en|Kampuchea|bor=1}} * {{desc|fr|Kampuchéa|bor=1}} * {{desc|ja|-|bor=1}} {{ja-r|カンプチア|^カンプチア}} * {{desc|ko|^캄푸치아|bor=1}} * {{desc|ru|Кампучи́я|bor=1}} * {{desc|vi|Cam-pu-chia|bor=1}} 6rsrmeuwvivcpbtlnfc1p4qfiomg7b6 5714289 5714288 2026-03-30T10:38:00Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5714289 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเขมร == {{wp|km:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|km|xhm|kambuja}}, {{m|xhm|kambujja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃbūjja}}, {{m|xhm|kumvuja}}, {{m|xhm|kāmabūja}}, {{m|xhm|kaṃmbujja}}, ซึ่งทั้งหมดยืมมาจาก{{bor|km|pi|kamboja|t=}} หรือ {{bor|km|sa|काम्बोज}} หรือ {{bor|km|sa|कम्बोज}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|my|ကမ္ဗောဇ}} === การออกเสียง === {{km-IPA|ក័មពុជា}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{km-proper noun}} # {{tcl|km|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}}; [[กัมปูเจีย]] #: {{km-x|ប្រទេស កម្ពុជា|ประเทศกัมพูชา}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|km|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា}} * {{l|km|ស្រុកខ្មែរ}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|en|Kampuchea|bor=1}} * {{desc|fr|Kampuchéa|bor=1}} * {{desc|ja|-|bor=1}} {{ja-r|カンプチア|^カンプチア}} * {{desc|ko|^캄푸치아|bor=1}} * {{desc|ru|Кампучи́я|bor=1}} * {{desc|vi|Cam-pu-chia|bor=1}} 0vv8ae0vmrtf7z6y1wz4q406pro70gl 0 51138 5714336 1641683 2026-03-30T11:12:30Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714336 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเวียดนาม == {{wp|vi:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{vi-l|Campuchia}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|vi|km|កម្ពុជា}} === การออกเสียง === {{vi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-propn}} # {{tcl|vi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{sense|กัมพูชา}} {{vi-l|Căm Bốt}}, {{vi-l|Cao Miên}}, {{vi-l|Chân Lạp}}, {{vi-l|Cần-vọt}} {{qualifier|ทั้งหมดเลิกใช้}}; {{vi-l|Cam}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== {{list:countries in Asia/vi}} {{C|vi|กัมพูชา|Countries in Asia}} f9vcim6ub0ihzvkftja7fkhp9hdywyx 0 52054 5714246 1915167 2026-03-30T09:27:46Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาญี่ปุ่น */ เก็บกวาด 5714246 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|alt=希臘:obsolete}} {{swp|ja:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{ja-r|^ギリシア}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|ja|pt|Grécia}}<ref>{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref><ref>{{R:Kojien}}</ref><ref>{{R:Daijirin}}</ref> === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|acc=1}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{tcl|ja|กรีซ|id=Q41}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{ja-r|ギリシャ共%和%国|^ギリシャ ^きょう%わ%こく}} * {{ja-r|ギリシャ語|^ギリシャ-ご|ภาษากรีก}} * {{ja-r|ギリシャ人|^ギリシャ-じん|ชาวกรีก}} === อ้างอิง === <references/> {{cln|ja|eponyms|exonyms}} ja5sx1h895vyob1c92aq779x3ynrx9n 0 135143 5714231 4910139 2026-03-30T09:09:33Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาจีน */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714231 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|s=希腊|alt=希獵-Cantonese; obsolete|gloss=-}} {{wp|zh:,lzh:,yue:,gan:,wuu:希腊,cdo:Hĭ-lé-nà̤,hak:Hî-lia̍p,nan:Hi-lia̍p}} === รากศัพท์ === แรกสุดจาก{{der|zh|grc|Ἑλλάς}}; ปรากฏครั้งแรกเท่าที่ทราบใน ค.ศ. 1837 ใน ''{{w|Eastern Western Monthly Magazine}}''; เทียบ{{cog|en|Hellas}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=Xīlà |c=hei1 laap6,hei1 lip6 |h=pfs=Hî-lia̍p;gd=hi1 lab6 |md=Hĭ-lăk |mn=ml:Hi-la̍h/tw:Hi-lia̍p |mn-t=hi1 lah8 |w=sh:1shi laq |cat=pn }} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|zh|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|zh|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #* {{quote-book|zh|year=1838|author=w:Karl Gützlaff|publisher=zh:堅夏書院|location=Singapore|title=zh:古今萬國綱鑑|volume=5|page=61|pageurl=https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHarvard_drs_430439032_古今萬國綱鑑.pdf&page=122}} #*: {{zh-q|^馬基頓 國，乃 ^希臘 北方，在 ^希臘 國，民人 攝 權 設官 也，在 ^馬基頓 國，國王 操權 矣。|Macedonia is located north of '''Greece'''. In '''Greece''', the people hold power and appoint officials; in Macedonia, the king hold power.|CL}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|zh|古希臘|希臘人|希臘語|希臘正教會|希臘文|希臘火|大希臘}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== {{CJKV|||^희랍|Hi Lạp}} ''Others'': * {{desc|za|Hihlaz|bor=1}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{zh-l|希利尼}} == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=juku2|ギリシャ2}} === รากศัพท์ === The spelling is an example of {{juku|sort=きりしあ'}}, จาก{{der|ja|sort=きりしあ'|zh|希臘}} which derives from {{ncog|grc|Ἑλλάς}}, not {{cog|la|Graecia}} from which {{cog|ja|ギリシャ|tr=Girisha}}/{{m|ja|ギリシア|tr=Girishia}} derives. === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|ギリシャ|ギリシア}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper|ギリシャ|ギリシア}} # {{obsolete spelling of|ja|ギリシャ|sort=きりしゃ'||[[กรีซ]]}} # {{obsolete spelling of|ja|ギリシア|sort=きりしあ'||กรีซ}} ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== The first character as an abbreviation ({{m|ja|希}}) is more common than the full kanji spelling. === อ้างอิง === * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0001196100|〈希^▲臘〉}} == ภาษาเกาหลี == {{ko-hanjatab}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-proper noun|hangeul=희랍}} # {{hanja form of|희랍|กรีซ}} == ภาษาเวียดนาม == {{vi-hantutab}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}} # {{vi-Han form of|Hi Lạp|กรีซ}} l7hpqrl4ebvan6dds9qa0ilhb9fi083 828 135442 5714207 5713714 2026-03-30T05:47:12Z Octahedron80 267 5714207 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} -- For testing local force_cat = false local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local links_module = "Module:links" local pron_qualifier_module = "Module:pron qualifier" local table_module = "Module:table" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local new_title = mw.title.new local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function format_qualifiers(...) format_qualifiers = require(pron_qualifier_module).format_qualifiers return format_qualifiers(...) end local function full_link(...) full_link = require(links_module).full_link return full_link(...) end local function get_language_data_module_name(...) get_language_data_module_name = require(languages_module).getDataModuleName return get_language_data_module_name(...) end local function get_link_page(...) get_link_page = require(links_module).get_link_page return get_link_page(...) end local function language_link(...) language_link = require(links_module).language_link return language_link(...) end local function serial_comma_join(...) serial_comma_join = require(table_module).serialCommaJoin return serial_comma_join(...) end local function shallow_copy(...) shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy return shallow_copy(...) end local function track(page, code) local tracking_page = "etymology/" .. page debug_track(tracking_page) if code then debug_track(tracking_page .. "/" .. code) end end local function join_segs(segs, conj) if not segs[2] then return segs[1] elseif conj == "and" or conj == "or" then return serial_comma_join(segs, {conj = conj}) end local sep if conj == "," or conj == ";" then sep = conj .. " " elseif conj == "/" then sep = "/" elseif conj == "~" then sep = " ~ " elseif conj then error(("Internal error: Unrecognized conjunction \"%s\""):format(conj)) else error(("Internal error: No value supplied for conjunction"):format(conj)) end return concat(segs, sep) end -- Returns true if `lang` is the same as `source`, or a variety of it. local function lang_is_source(lang, source) return lang:getCode() == source:getCode() or lang:hasParent(source) end --[==[ Format one or more links as specified in `termobjs`, a list of term objects of the format accepted by `full_link()` in [[Module:links]], additionally with optional qualifiers, labels and references. `conj` is used to join multiple terms and must be specified if there is more than one term. `template_name` is the template name used in debug tracking and must be specified. Optional `sourcetext` is text to prepend to the concatenated terms, separated by a space if the concatenated terms are non-empty (which is always the case unless there is a single term with the value "-"). If `qualifiers_labels_on_outside` is given, any qualifiers, labels or references specified in the first term go on the outside of (i.e before) `sourcetext`; otherwise they will end up on the inside. ]==] function export.format_links(termobjs, conj, template_name, sourcetext, qualifiers_labels_on_outside) if not template_name then error("Internal error: Must specify `template_name` to format_links()") end for i, termobj in ipairs(termobjs) do if termobj.lang:hasType("family") or termobj.lang:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then if termobj.term and termobj.term ~= "-" then debug_track(template_name .. "/family-with-term") end termobj.term = "-" end if termobj.term == "-" then --[=[ [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/cognate/no-term]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/derived/no-term]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/borrowed/no-term]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/calque/no-term]] ]=] debug_track(template_name .. "/no-term") termobjs[i] = i == 1 and sourcetext or "" else if i == 1 and qualifiers_labels_on_outside and sourcetext then termobj.pretext = sourcetext .. " " sourcetext = nil end termobjs[i] = (i == 1 and sourcetext and sourcetext .. " " or "") .. full_link(termobj, "term", nil, "show qualifiers") end end return join_segs(termobjs, conj) end function export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, raw) local display, cat_name if source:getCode() == "und" then display = "ยังไม่กำหนด" cat_name = "ภาษาอื่น" elseif source:getCode() == "mul" then display = raw and "ร่วม" or "[[w:ภาษาร่วม|ภาษาร่วม]]" cat_name = "ภาษาร่วม" elseif source:getCode() == "mul-tax" then display = raw and "ชื่ออนุกรมวิธาน" or "[[w:การตั้งชื่อทวินาม|ชื่ออนุกรมวิธาน]]" cat_name = "ชื่ออนุกรมวิธาน" else display = raw and source:getCanonicalName() or source:makeWikipediaLink() cat_name = "ภาษา" .. source:getDisplayForm() end return display, cat_name end function export.insert_source_cat_get_display(data) local categories, lang, source = data.categories, data.lang, data.source local display, cat_name = export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, data.raw) if lang and not data.nocat then -- Add the category, but only if there is a current language if not categories then categories = {} end local langname = lang:getFullName() -- If `lang` is an etym-only language, we need to check both it and its parent full language against `source`. -- Otherwise if e.g. `lang` is Medieval Latin and `source` is Latin, we'll end up wrongly constructing a -- category 'Latin terms derived from Latin'. --insert(categories, langname .. ( -- lang_is_source(lang, source) and " terms borrowed back into " .. cat_name or -- " " .. (data.borrowing_type or "terms derived") .. " from " .. cat_name --)) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. langname .. ( lang_is_source(lang, source) and "ที่ยืมกลับไปยัง" .. cat_name or "ที่" .. (data.borrowing_type or "รับมา") .. "จาก" .. cat_name )) end return display, categories end function export.format_source(data) local lang, sort_key = data.lang, data.sort_key -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/etymology/sortkey]] if sort_key then track("sortkey") end local display, categories = export.insert_source_cat_get_display(data) if lang and not data.nocat then -- Format categories, but only if there is a current language; {{cog}} currently gets no categories categories = format_categories(categories, lang, sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat) else categories = "" end return "<span class=\"etyl\">" .. display .. categories .. "</span>" end --[==[ Format sources for etymology templates such as {{tl|bor}}, {{tl|der}}, {{tl|inh}} and {{tl|cog}}. There may potentially be more than one source language (except currently {{tl|inh}}, which doesn't support it because it doesn't really make sense). In that case, all but the last source language is linked to the first term, but only if there is such a term and this linking makes sense, i.e. either (1) the term page exists after stripping diacritics according to the source language in question, or (2) the result of stripping diacritics according to the source language in question results in a different page from the same process applied with the last source language. For example, {{m|ru|соля́нка}} will link to [[солянка]] but {{m|en|соля́нка}} will link to [[соля́нка]] with an accent, and since they are different pages, the use of English as a non-final source with term 'соля́нка' will link to [[соля́нка]] even though it doesn't exist, on the assumption that it is merely a redlink that might exist. If none of the above criteria apply, a non-final source language will be linked to the Wikipedia entry for the language, just as final source languages always are. `data` contains the following fields: * `lang`: The destination language object into which the terms were borrowed, inherited or otherwise derived. Used for categorization and can be nil, as with {{tl|cog}}. * `sources`: List of source objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple, the non-final ones are handled specially; see above. * `terms`: List of term objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple source objects as well as multiple term objects, the non-final source objects link to the first term object. * `sort_key`: Sort key for categories. Usually nil. * `categories`: Categories to add to the page. Additional categories may be added to `categories` based on the source languages ('''in which case `categories` is destructively modified'''). If `lang` is nil, no categories will be added. * `nocat`: Don't add any categories to the page. * `sourceconj`: Conjunction used to separate multiple source languages. Defaults to {"and"}. Currently recognized values are `and`, `or`, `,`, `;`, `/` and `~`. * `borrowing_type`: Borrowing type used in categories, such as {"learned borrowings"}. Defaults to {"terms derived"}. * `force_cat`: Force category generation on non-mainspace pages. ]==] function export.format_sources(data) local lang, sources, terms, borrowing_type, sort_key, categories, nocat = data.lang, data.sources, data.terms, data.borrowing_type, data.sort_key, data.categories, data.nocat local term1, sources_n, source_segs = terms[1], #sources, {} local final_link_page local term1_term, term1_sc = term1.term, term1.sc if sources_n > 1 and term1_term and term1_term ~= "-" then final_link_page = get_link_page(term1_term, sources[sources_n], term1_sc) end for i, source in ipairs(sources) do local seg, display_term if i < sources_n and term1_term and term1_term ~= "-" then local link_page = get_link_page(term1_term, source, term1_sc) display_term = (link_page ~= final_link_page) or (link_page and not not new_title(link_page):getContent()) end -- TODO: if the display forms or transliterations are different, display the terms separately. if display_term then local display, this_cats = export.insert_source_cat_get_display{ lang = lang, source = source, borrowing_type = borrowing_type, raw = true, categories = categories, nocat = nocat, } seg = language_link { lang = source, term = term1_term, alt = display, tr = "-", } if lang and not nocat then -- Format categories, but only if there is a current language; {{cog}} currently gets no categories this_cats = format_categories(this_cats, lang, sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat) else this_cats = "" end seg = "<span class=\"etyl\">" .. seg .. this_cats .. "</span>" else seg = export.format_source{ lang = lang, source = source, borrowing_type = borrowing_type, sort_key = sort_key, categories = categories, nocat = nocat, } end insert(source_segs, seg) end return join_segs(source_segs, data.sourceconj or "and") end -- Internal implementation of {{cognate}}/{{cog}} template. function export.format_cognate(data) return export.format_derived { sources = data.sources, terms = data.terms, sort_key = data.sort_key, sourceconj = data.sourceconj, conj = data.conj, template_name = "cognate", force_cat = data.force_cat, } end --[==[ Internal implementation of {{derived}}/{{der}} template. This dispThis is called externally from [[Module:affix]], [[Module:affixusex]] and [[Module:see]] and needs to support qualifiers, labels and references on the outside of the sources for use by those modules. `data` contains the following fields: * `lang`: The destination language object into which the terms were derived. Used for categorization and can be nil, as with {{tl|cog}}; in this case, no categories are added. * `sources`: List of source objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple, the non-final ones are handled specially; see `format_sources()`. * `terms`: List of term objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple source objects as well as multiple term objects, the non-final source objects link to the first term object. * `conj`: Conjunction used to separate multiple terms. '''Required'''. Currently recognized values are `and`, `or`, `,`, `;`, `/` and `~`. * `sourceconj`: Conjunction used to separate multiple source languages. Defaults to {"and"}. Currently recognized values are as for `conj` above. * `qualifiers_labels_on_outside`: If specified, any qualifiers, labels or references in the first term in `terms` will be displayed on the outside of (before) the source language(s) in `sources`. Normally this should be specified if there is only one term possible in `terms`. * `template_name`: Name of the template invoking this function. Must be specified. Only used for tracking pages. * `sort_key`: Sort key for categories. Usually nil. * `categories`: Categories to add to the page. Additional categories may be added to `categories` based on the source languages ('''in which case `categories` is destructively modified'''). If `lang` is nil, no categories will be added. * `nocat`: Don't add any categories to the page. * `borrowing_type`: Borrowing type used in categories, such as {"learned borrowings"}. Defaults to {"terms derived"}. * `force_cat`: Force category generation on non-mainspace pages. ]==] function export.format_derived(data) local terms = data.terms local sourcetext = export.format_sources(data) return export.format_links(terms, data.conj, data.template_name, sourcetext, data.qualifiers_labels_on_outside) end function export.insert_borrowed_cat(categories, lang, source) if lang_is_source(lang, source) then return end -- If both are the same, we want e.g. [[:Category:English terms borrowed back into English]] not -- [[:Category:English terms borrowed from English]]; the former is inserted automatically by format_source(). -- The second parameter here doesn't matter as it only affects `display`, which we don't use. --insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " terms borrowed from " .. select(2, export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, "raw"))) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. "ที่ยืมมาจาก" .. select(2, export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, "raw"))) end -- Internal implementation of {{borrowed}}/{{bor}} template. function export.format_borrowed(data) local categories = {} if not data.nocat then local lang = data.lang for _, source in ipairs(data.sources) do export.insert_borrowed_cat(categories, lang, source) end end data = shallow_copy(data) data.categories = categories return export.format_links(data.terms, data.conj, "borrowed", export.format_sources(data)) end do -- Generate the non-ancestor error message. local function show_language(lang) local retval = ("%s (%s)"):format(lang:makeCategoryLink(), lang:getCode()) if lang:hasType("etymology-only") then retval = retval .. (" (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is %s)"):format( show_language(lang:getParent())) end return retval end -- Check that `lang` has `otherlang` (which may be an etymology-only language) as an ancestor. Throw an error if -- not. When `lang` is a family, verifies that `otherlang` is a language in that family. function export.check_ancestor(lang, otherlang) -- When `lang` is a family, verify `otherlang` is in that family or in its parent family. if lang.hasType and lang:hasType("family") then local family_code = lang:getCode() local function in_family_code(fcode, other) if not fcode or fcode == "" then return false end if other.inFamily and other:inFamily(fcode) then return true end if other.getFamilyCode and other:getFamilyCode() == fcode then return true end return false end local in_family = in_family_code(family_code, otherlang) if not in_family then local parent_code if lang.getParent then local parent_family = lang:getParent() if parent_family and parent_family.getCode then parent_code = parent_family:getCode() end end if not parent_code and family_code:find("-", 1, true) then parent_code = family_code:match("^(.+)-[^-]+$") end if parent_code then in_family = in_family_code(parent_code, otherlang) end end if not in_family then local other_display = (otherlang.getCanonicalName and otherlang:getCanonicalName()) or (otherlang.getCode and otherlang:getCode()) or tostring(otherlang) local fam_display = (lang.getCanonicalName and lang:getCanonicalName()) or family_code error(("%s is not in family %s; inherited ancestor under a family must be a language in that family or its parent family.") :format(other_display, fam_display)) end return end -- FIXME: I don't know if this function works correctly with etym-only languages in `lang`. I have fixed up -- the module link code appropriately (June 2024) but the remaining logic is untouched. if lang:hasAncestor(otherlang) then -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/etymology/variety]] -- Track inheritance from varieties of Latin that shouldn't have any descendants (everything except Old Latin, Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin). if otherlang:getFullCode() == "la" then otherlang = otherlang:getCode() if not (otherlang == "itc-ola" or otherlang == "la-cla" or otherlang == "la-vul") then track("bad ancestor", otherlang) end end return end local ancestors, postscript = lang:getAncestors() local etym_module_link = lang:hasType("etymology-only") and "[[Module:etymology languages/data]] or " or "" local module_link = "[[" .. get_language_data_module_name(lang:getFullCode()) .. "]]" if not ancestors[1] then postscript = show_language(lang) .. " has no ancestors." else local ancestor_list = {} for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do insert(ancestor_list, show_language(ancestor)) end postscript = ("The ancestor%s of %s %s %s."):format( ancestors[2] and "s" or "", lang:getCanonicalName(), ancestors[2] and "are" or "is", concat(ancestor_list, " and ")) end error(("%s is not set as an ancestor of %s in %s%s. %s") :format(show_language(otherlang), show_language(lang), etym_module_link, module_link, postscript)) end end -- Internal implementation of {{inherited}}/{{inh}} template. function export.format_inherited(data) local lang, terms, nocat = data.lang, data.terms, data.nocat local source = terms[1].lang local categories = {} if not nocat then --table.insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " terms inherited from " .. source:getCanonicalName()) table.insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. "ที่สืบทอดจากภาษา" .. source:getCanonicalName()) end export.check_ancestor(lang, source) data = shallow_copy(data) data.categories = categories data.source = source return export.format_links(terms, data.conj, "inherited", export.format_source(data)) end -- Internal implementation of "misc variant" templates such as {{abbrev}}, {{clipping}}, {{reduplication}} and the like. function export.format_misc_variant(data) local lang, notext, terms, cats, parts = data.lang, data.notext, data.terms, data.cats, {} if not notext then insert(parts, data.text) end if terms[1] then if not notext then -- FIXME: If term is given as '-', we should consider displaying just "Clipping" not "Clipping of". insert(parts, data.oftext or "ของ") --th end local termparts = {} -- Make links out of all the parts. for _, termobj in ipairs(terms) do local result if termobj.lang then result = export.format_derived { lang = lang, terms = {termobj}, sources = termobj.termlangs or {termobj.lang}, template_name = "misc_variant", qualifiers_labels_on_outside = true, force_cat = data.force_cat, } else termobj.lang = lang result = export.format_links({termobj}, nil, "misc_variant") end table.insert(termparts, result) end local linktext = join_segs(termparts, data.conj) if not notext and linktext ~= "" then insert(parts, " ") end insert(parts, linktext) end local categories = {} if not data.nocat and cats then for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do --insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " " .. cat) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. mw.ustring.sub(cat, 6)) end end if categories[1] then insert(parts, format_categories(categories, lang, data.sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat)) end return concat(parts) end -- Implementation of miscellaneous templates such as {{unknown}} and {{onomatopoeia}} that have no associated terms. function export.format_misc_variant_no_term(data) local parts = {} if not data.notext then insert(parts, data.title) end if not data.nocat and data.cat then local lang, categories = data.lang, {} --insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " " .. data.cat) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. mw.ustring.sub(data.cat, 6)) insert(parts, format_categories(categories, lang, data.sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat)) end return concat(parts) end return export bhsdng9foz21oe1x8urvindkr8jlsu1 5714209 5714207 2026-03-30T05:48:27Z Octahedron80 267 5714209 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} -- For testing local force_cat = false local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local links_module = "Module:links" local pron_qualifier_module = "Module:pron qualifier" local table_module = "Module:table" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local new_title = mw.title.new local function debug_track(...) debug_track = require(debug_track_module) return debug_track(...) end local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function format_qualifiers(...) format_qualifiers = require(pron_qualifier_module).format_qualifiers return format_qualifiers(...) end local function full_link(...) full_link = require(links_module).full_link return full_link(...) end local function get_language_data_module_name(...) get_language_data_module_name = require(languages_module).getDataModuleName return get_language_data_module_name(...) end local function get_link_page(...) get_link_page = require(links_module).get_link_page return get_link_page(...) end local function language_link(...) language_link = require(links_module).language_link return language_link(...) end local function serial_comma_join(...) serial_comma_join = require(table_module).serialCommaJoin return serial_comma_join(...) end local function shallow_copy(...) shallow_copy = require(table_module).shallowCopy return shallow_copy(...) end local function track(page, code) local tracking_page = "etymology/" .. page debug_track(tracking_page) if code then debug_track(tracking_page .. "/" .. code) end end local function join_segs(segs, conj) if not segs[2] then return segs[1] elseif conj == "และ" or conj == "หรือ" then return serial_comma_join(segs, {conj = conj}) end local sep if conj == "," or conj == ";" then sep = conj .. " " elseif conj == "/" then sep = "/" elseif conj == "~" then sep = " ~ " elseif conj then error(("Internal error: Unrecognized conjunction \"%s\""):format(conj)) else error(("Internal error: No value supplied for conjunction"):format(conj)) end return concat(segs, sep) end -- Returns true if `lang` is the same as `source`, or a variety of it. local function lang_is_source(lang, source) return lang:getCode() == source:getCode() or lang:hasParent(source) end --[==[ Format one or more links as specified in `termobjs`, a list of term objects of the format accepted by `full_link()` in [[Module:links]], additionally with optional qualifiers, labels and references. `conj` is used to join multiple terms and must be specified if there is more than one term. `template_name` is the template name used in debug tracking and must be specified. Optional `sourcetext` is text to prepend to the concatenated terms, separated by a space if the concatenated terms are non-empty (which is always the case unless there is a single term with the value "-"). If `qualifiers_labels_on_outside` is given, any qualifiers, labels or references specified in the first term go on the outside of (i.e before) `sourcetext`; otherwise they will end up on the inside. ]==] function export.format_links(termobjs, conj, template_name, sourcetext, qualifiers_labels_on_outside) if not template_name then error("Internal error: Must specify `template_name` to format_links()") end for i, termobj in ipairs(termobjs) do if termobj.lang:hasType("family") or termobj.lang:getFamilyCode() == "qfa-sub" then if termobj.term and termobj.term ~= "-" then debug_track(template_name .. "/family-with-term") end termobj.term = "-" end if termobj.term == "-" then --[=[ [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/cognate/no-term]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/derived/no-term]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/borrowed/no-term]] [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/calque/no-term]] ]=] debug_track(template_name .. "/no-term") termobjs[i] = i == 1 and sourcetext or "" else if i == 1 and qualifiers_labels_on_outside and sourcetext then termobj.pretext = sourcetext .. " " sourcetext = nil end termobjs[i] = (i == 1 and sourcetext and sourcetext .. " " or "") .. full_link(termobj, "term", nil, "show qualifiers") end end return join_segs(termobjs, conj) end function export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, raw) local display, cat_name if source:getCode() == "und" then display = "ยังไม่กำหนด" cat_name = "ภาษาอื่น" elseif source:getCode() == "mul" then display = raw and "ร่วม" or "[[w:ภาษาร่วม|ภาษาร่วม]]" cat_name = "ภาษาร่วม" elseif source:getCode() == "mul-tax" then display = raw and "ชื่ออนุกรมวิธาน" or "[[w:การตั้งชื่อทวินาม|ชื่ออนุกรมวิธาน]]" cat_name = "ชื่ออนุกรมวิธาน" else display = raw and source:getCanonicalName() or source:makeWikipediaLink() cat_name = "ภาษา" .. source:getDisplayForm() end return display, cat_name end function export.insert_source_cat_get_display(data) local categories, lang, source = data.categories, data.lang, data.source local display, cat_name = export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, data.raw) if lang and not data.nocat then -- Add the category, but only if there is a current language if not categories then categories = {} end local langname = lang:getFullName() -- If `lang` is an etym-only language, we need to check both it and its parent full language against `source`. -- Otherwise if e.g. `lang` is Medieval Latin and `source` is Latin, we'll end up wrongly constructing a -- category 'Latin terms derived from Latin'. --insert(categories, langname .. ( -- lang_is_source(lang, source) and " terms borrowed back into " .. cat_name or -- " " .. (data.borrowing_type or "terms derived") .. " from " .. cat_name --)) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. langname .. ( lang_is_source(lang, source) and "ที่ยืมกลับไปยัง" .. cat_name or "ที่" .. (data.borrowing_type or "รับมา") .. "จาก" .. cat_name )) end return display, categories end function export.format_source(data) local lang, sort_key = data.lang, data.sort_key -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/etymology/sortkey]] if sort_key then track("sortkey") end local display, categories = export.insert_source_cat_get_display(data) if lang and not data.nocat then -- Format categories, but only if there is a current language; {{cog}} currently gets no categories categories = format_categories(categories, lang, sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat) else categories = "" end return "<span class=\"etyl\">" .. display .. categories .. "</span>" end --[==[ Format sources for etymology templates such as {{tl|bor}}, {{tl|der}}, {{tl|inh}} and {{tl|cog}}. There may potentially be more than one source language (except currently {{tl|inh}}, which doesn't support it because it doesn't really make sense). In that case, all but the last source language is linked to the first term, but only if there is such a term and this linking makes sense, i.e. either (1) the term page exists after stripping diacritics according to the source language in question, or (2) the result of stripping diacritics according to the source language in question results in a different page from the same process applied with the last source language. For example, {{m|ru|соля́нка}} will link to [[солянка]] but {{m|en|соля́нка}} will link to [[соля́нка]] with an accent, and since they are different pages, the use of English as a non-final source with term 'соля́нка' will link to [[соля́нка]] even though it doesn't exist, on the assumption that it is merely a redlink that might exist. If none of the above criteria apply, a non-final source language will be linked to the Wikipedia entry for the language, just as final source languages always are. `data` contains the following fields: * `lang`: The destination language object into which the terms were borrowed, inherited or otherwise derived. Used for categorization and can be nil, as with {{tl|cog}}. * `sources`: List of source objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple, the non-final ones are handled specially; see above. * `terms`: List of term objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple source objects as well as multiple term objects, the non-final source objects link to the first term object. * `sort_key`: Sort key for categories. Usually nil. * `categories`: Categories to add to the page. Additional categories may be added to `categories` based on the source languages ('''in which case `categories` is destructively modified'''). If `lang` is nil, no categories will be added. * `nocat`: Don't add any categories to the page. * `sourceconj`: Conjunction used to separate multiple source languages. Defaults to {"and"}. Currently recognized values are `and`, `or`, `,`, `;`, `/` and `~`. * `borrowing_type`: Borrowing type used in categories, such as {"learned borrowings"}. Defaults to {"terms derived"}. * `force_cat`: Force category generation on non-mainspace pages. ]==] function export.format_sources(data) local lang, sources, terms, borrowing_type, sort_key, categories, nocat = data.lang, data.sources, data.terms, data.borrowing_type, data.sort_key, data.categories, data.nocat local term1, sources_n, source_segs = terms[1], #sources, {} local final_link_page local term1_term, term1_sc = term1.term, term1.sc if sources_n > 1 and term1_term and term1_term ~= "-" then final_link_page = get_link_page(term1_term, sources[sources_n], term1_sc) end for i, source in ipairs(sources) do local seg, display_term if i < sources_n and term1_term and term1_term ~= "-" then local link_page = get_link_page(term1_term, source, term1_sc) display_term = (link_page ~= final_link_page) or (link_page and not not new_title(link_page):getContent()) end -- TODO: if the display forms or transliterations are different, display the terms separately. if display_term then local display, this_cats = export.insert_source_cat_get_display{ lang = lang, source = source, borrowing_type = borrowing_type, raw = true, categories = categories, nocat = nocat, } seg = language_link { lang = source, term = term1_term, alt = display, tr = "-", } if lang and not nocat then -- Format categories, but only if there is a current language; {{cog}} currently gets no categories this_cats = format_categories(this_cats, lang, sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat) else this_cats = "" end seg = "<span class=\"etyl\">" .. seg .. this_cats .. "</span>" else seg = export.format_source{ lang = lang, source = source, borrowing_type = borrowing_type, sort_key = sort_key, categories = categories, nocat = nocat, } end insert(source_segs, seg) end return join_segs(source_segs, data.sourceconj or "และ") end -- Internal implementation of {{cognate}}/{{cog}} template. function export.format_cognate(data) return export.format_derived { sources = data.sources, terms = data.terms, sort_key = data.sort_key, sourceconj = data.sourceconj, conj = data.conj, template_name = "cognate", force_cat = data.force_cat, } end --[==[ Internal implementation of {{derived}}/{{der}} template. This dispThis is called externally from [[Module:affix]], [[Module:affixusex]] and [[Module:see]] and needs to support qualifiers, labels and references on the outside of the sources for use by those modules. `data` contains the following fields: * `lang`: The destination language object into which the terms were derived. Used for categorization and can be nil, as with {{tl|cog}}; in this case, no categories are added. * `sources`: List of source objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple, the non-final ones are handled specially; see `format_sources()`. * `terms`: List of term objects. Most commonly there is only one. If there are multiple source objects as well as multiple term objects, the non-final source objects link to the first term object. * `conj`: Conjunction used to separate multiple terms. '''Required'''. Currently recognized values are `and`, `or`, `,`, `;`, `/` and `~`. * `sourceconj`: Conjunction used to separate multiple source languages. Defaults to {"and"}. Currently recognized values are as for `conj` above. * `qualifiers_labels_on_outside`: If specified, any qualifiers, labels or references in the first term in `terms` will be displayed on the outside of (before) the source language(s) in `sources`. Normally this should be specified if there is only one term possible in `terms`. * `template_name`: Name of the template invoking this function. Must be specified. Only used for tracking pages. * `sort_key`: Sort key for categories. Usually nil. * `categories`: Categories to add to the page. Additional categories may be added to `categories` based on the source languages ('''in which case `categories` is destructively modified'''). If `lang` is nil, no categories will be added. * `nocat`: Don't add any categories to the page. * `borrowing_type`: Borrowing type used in categories, such as {"learned borrowings"}. Defaults to {"terms derived"}. * `force_cat`: Force category generation on non-mainspace pages. ]==] function export.format_derived(data) local terms = data.terms local sourcetext = export.format_sources(data) return export.format_links(terms, data.conj, data.template_name, sourcetext, data.qualifiers_labels_on_outside) end function export.insert_borrowed_cat(categories, lang, source) if lang_is_source(lang, source) then return end -- If both are the same, we want e.g. [[:Category:English terms borrowed back into English]] not -- [[:Category:English terms borrowed from English]]; the former is inserted automatically by format_source(). -- The second parameter here doesn't matter as it only affects `display`, which we don't use. --insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " terms borrowed from " .. select(2, export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, "raw"))) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. "ที่ยืมมาจาก" .. select(2, export.get_display_and_cat_name(source, "raw"))) end -- Internal implementation of {{borrowed}}/{{bor}} template. function export.format_borrowed(data) local categories = {} if not data.nocat then local lang = data.lang for _, source in ipairs(data.sources) do export.insert_borrowed_cat(categories, lang, source) end end data = shallow_copy(data) data.categories = categories return export.format_links(data.terms, data.conj, "borrowed", export.format_sources(data)) end do -- Generate the non-ancestor error message. local function show_language(lang) local retval = ("%s (%s)"):format(lang:makeCategoryLink(), lang:getCode()) if lang:hasType("etymology-only") then retval = retval .. (" (an etymology-only language whose regular parent is %s)"):format( show_language(lang:getParent())) end return retval end -- Check that `lang` has `otherlang` (which may be an etymology-only language) as an ancestor. Throw an error if -- not. When `lang` is a family, verifies that `otherlang` is a language in that family. function export.check_ancestor(lang, otherlang) -- When `lang` is a family, verify `otherlang` is in that family or in its parent family. if lang.hasType and lang:hasType("family") then local family_code = lang:getCode() local function in_family_code(fcode, other) if not fcode or fcode == "" then return false end if other.inFamily and other:inFamily(fcode) then return true end if other.getFamilyCode and other:getFamilyCode() == fcode then return true end return false end local in_family = in_family_code(family_code, otherlang) if not in_family then local parent_code if lang.getParent then local parent_family = lang:getParent() if parent_family and parent_family.getCode then parent_code = parent_family:getCode() end end if not parent_code and family_code:find("-", 1, true) then parent_code = family_code:match("^(.+)-[^-]+$") end if parent_code then in_family = in_family_code(parent_code, otherlang) end end if not in_family then local other_display = (otherlang.getCanonicalName and otherlang:getCanonicalName()) or (otherlang.getCode and otherlang:getCode()) or tostring(otherlang) local fam_display = (lang.getCanonicalName and lang:getCanonicalName()) or family_code error(("%s is not in family %s; inherited ancestor under a family must be a language in that family or its parent family.") :format(other_display, fam_display)) end return end -- FIXME: I don't know if this function works correctly with etym-only languages in `lang`. I have fixed up -- the module link code appropriately (June 2024) but the remaining logic is untouched. if lang:hasAncestor(otherlang) then -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/etymology/variety]] -- Track inheritance from varieties of Latin that shouldn't have any descendants (everything except Old Latin, Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin). if otherlang:getFullCode() == "la" then otherlang = otherlang:getCode() if not (otherlang == "itc-ola" or otherlang == "la-cla" or otherlang == "la-vul") then track("bad ancestor", otherlang) end end return end local ancestors, postscript = lang:getAncestors() local etym_module_link = lang:hasType("etymology-only") and "[[Module:etymology languages/data]] or " or "" local module_link = "[[" .. get_language_data_module_name(lang:getFullCode()) .. "]]" if not ancestors[1] then postscript = show_language(lang) .. " has no ancestors." else local ancestor_list = {} for _, ancestor in ipairs(ancestors) do insert(ancestor_list, show_language(ancestor)) end postscript = ("The ancestor%s of %s %s %s."):format( ancestors[2] and "s" or "", lang:getCanonicalName(), ancestors[2] and "are" or "is", concat(ancestor_list, " and ")) end error(("%s is not set as an ancestor of %s in %s%s. %s") :format(show_language(otherlang), show_language(lang), etym_module_link, module_link, postscript)) end end -- Internal implementation of {{inherited}}/{{inh}} template. function export.format_inherited(data) local lang, terms, nocat = data.lang, data.terms, data.nocat local source = terms[1].lang local categories = {} if not nocat then --table.insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " terms inherited from " .. source:getCanonicalName()) table.insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. "ที่สืบทอดจากภาษา" .. source:getCanonicalName()) end export.check_ancestor(lang, source) data = shallow_copy(data) data.categories = categories data.source = source return export.format_links(terms, data.conj, "inherited", export.format_source(data)) end -- Internal implementation of "misc variant" templates such as {{abbrev}}, {{clipping}}, {{reduplication}} and the like. function export.format_misc_variant(data) local lang, notext, terms, cats, parts = data.lang, data.notext, data.terms, data.cats, {} if not notext then insert(parts, data.text) end if terms[1] then if not notext then -- FIXME: If term is given as '-', we should consider displaying just "Clipping" not "Clipping of". insert(parts, data.oftext or "ของ") --th end local termparts = {} -- Make links out of all the parts. for _, termobj in ipairs(terms) do local result if termobj.lang then result = export.format_derived { lang = lang, terms = {termobj}, sources = termobj.termlangs or {termobj.lang}, template_name = "misc_variant", qualifiers_labels_on_outside = true, force_cat = data.force_cat, } else termobj.lang = lang result = export.format_links({termobj}, nil, "misc_variant") end table.insert(termparts, result) end local linktext = join_segs(termparts, data.conj) if not notext and linktext ~= "" then insert(parts, " ") end insert(parts, linktext) end local categories = {} if not data.nocat and cats then for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do --insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " " .. cat) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. mw.ustring.sub(cat, 6)) end end if categories[1] then insert(parts, format_categories(categories, lang, data.sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat)) end return concat(parts) end -- Implementation of miscellaneous templates such as {{unknown}} and {{onomatopoeia}} that have no associated terms. function export.format_misc_variant_no_term(data) local parts = {} if not data.notext then insert(parts, data.title) end if not data.nocat and data.cat then local lang, categories = data.lang, {} --insert(categories, lang:getFullName() .. " " .. data.cat) insert(categories, "ศัพท์ภาษา" .. lang:getFullName() .. mw.ustring.sub(data.cat, 6)) insert(parts, format_categories(categories, lang, data.sort_key, nil, data.force_cat or force_cat)) end return concat(parts) end return export 0aqzgungkk5t3ppetvjhi607lout6t5 2 136140 5713960 5647622 2026-03-30T04:13:27Z Octahedron80 267 5713960 javascript text/javascript /* <source lang="javascript"> */ var wikiNamespace = { 'file':'ไฟล์', 'image':'ไฟล์', 'ภาพ':'ไฟล์', 'media':'สื่อ', 'category':'หมวดหมู่', 'template':'แม่แบบ', 'appendix':'ภาคผนวก', 'index':'ดัชนี', 'thesaurus':'อรรถาภิธาน' }; var wikiNamespaceKeys = Object.keys(wikiNamespace); var replaceHeading = { 'Glyph origin':'ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ', 'Kanji':'คันจิ', 'Pronunciation':'การออกเสียง', 'Reading':'การออกเสียง', 'Readings':'การออกเสียง', 'Etymology':'รากศัพท์', 'ศัพทมูลวิทยา':'รากศัพท์', 'ศัพท์มูลวิทยา':'รากศัพท์', 'นิรุกติศาสตร์':'รากศัพท์', 'Alternative form':'รูปแบบอื่น', 'Alternative forms':'รูปแบบอื่น', 'Romanization':'การถอดเป็นอักษรโรมัน', 'อักษรโรมัน':'การถอดเป็นอักษรโรมัน', 'Inflection':'การผันรูป', 'Inflections':'การผันรูป', 'Declension':'การผันรูป', 'Declensions':'การผันรูป', 'รูปผัน':'การผันรูป', 'Conjugation':'การผันรูป', 'Conjugations':'การผันรูป', 'Mutation':'การกลายรูป', 'Mutations':'การกลายรูป', // cy only 'Antonym':'คำตรงข้าม', 'Antonyms':'คำตรงข้าม', 'คำตรงกันข้าม':'คำตรงข้าม', 'ปฏิพจน์':'คำตรงข้าม', 'Synonym':'คำพ้องความ', 'Synonyms':'คำพ้องความ', 'คำพ้องความหมาย':'คำพ้องความ', 'ไวพจน์':'คำพ้องความ', 'Hypernym':'คำจ่ากลุ่ม', 'Hypernyms':'คำจ่ากลุ่ม', 'Hyponym':'คำลูกกลุ่ม', 'Hyponyms':'คำลูกกลุ่ม', 'Related term':'คำเกี่ยวข้อง', 'Related terms':'คำเกี่ยวข้อง', 'Derived term':'ลูกคำ', 'Derived terms':'ลูกคำ', 'Compound':'ลูกคำ', 'Compounds':'ลูกคำ', 'Descendant':'คำสืบทอด', 'Descendants':'คำสืบทอด', 'หลาน':'คำสืบทอด', 'ลูกหลาน':'คำสืบทอด', 'หลานคำ':'คำสืบทอด', 'Translation':'คำแปลภาษาอื่น', 'Translations':'คำแปลภาษาอื่น', 'คำแปล':'คำแปลภาษาอื่น', 'Anagram':'คำสลับอักษร', 'Anagrams':'คำสลับอักษร', 'Usage note':'หมายเหตุการใช้', 'Usage notes':'หมายเหตุการใช้', 'การใช้':'หมายเหตุการใช้', 'See also':'ดูเพิ่ม', 'Further reading':'อ่านเพิ่ม', 'Reference':'อ้างอิง', 'References':'อ้างอิง', 'บรรณานุกรม':'อ้างอิง', 'Definition':'ความหมาย', 'Definitions':'ความหมาย', 'Noun':'คำนาม', 'Nouns':'คำนาม', 'Article':'คำกำกับนาม', 'Articles':'คำกำกับนาม', 'Proper noun':'คำวิสามานยนาม', 'Proper nouns':'คำวิสามานยนาม', 'Classifier':'คำลักษณนาม', 'Classifiers':'คำลักษณนาม', 'Determiner':'ตัวกำหนด', 'Determiners':'ตัวกำหนด', 'Pronoun':'คำสรรพนาม', 'Pronouns':'คำสรรพนาม', 'Verb':'คำกริยา', 'Verbs':'คำกริยา', 'Participle':'รูปกริยาขยาย', 'Participles':'รูปกริยาขยาย', 'Adjective':'คำคุณศัพท์', 'Adjectives':'คำคุณศัพท์', 'Adjectival noun':'คำคุณศัพท์', 'Adjectival nouns':'คำคุณศัพท์', // ja only 'Adverb':'คำกริยาวิเศษณ์', 'Adverbs':'คำกริยาวิเศษณ์', 'Preposition':'คำบุพบท', 'Prepositions':'คำบุพบท', 'Postposition':'คำปัจฉบท', 'Postpositions':'คำปัจฉบท', 'Conjunction':'คำสันธาน', 'Conjunctions':'คำสันธาน', 'Interjection':'คำอุทาน', 'Interjections':'คำอุทาน', 'Particle':'คำอนุภาค', 'Particles':'คำอนุภาค', 'Numeral':'เลข', 'Numerals':'เลข', 'Phrase':'วลี', 'Phrases':'วลี', 'Prefix':'อุปสรรค', 'Prefixes':'อุปสรรค', 'Suffix':'ปัจจัย', 'Suffixes':'ปัจจัย', 'Letter':'ตัวอักษร', 'Letters':'ตัวอักษร', 'Symbol':'สัญลักษณ์', 'Symbols':'สัญลักษณ์', 'Punctuation mark':'เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน', 'Punctuation marks':'เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน' }; var replaceHeadingKeys = Object.keys(replaceHeading); var replaceHeadword = { 'noun':'คำนาม', 'article':'คำกำกับนาม', 'proper noun':'คำวิสามานยนาม', 'classifier':'คำลักษณนาม', 'determiner':'ตัวกำหนด', 'pronoun':'คำสรรพนาม', 'verb':'คำกริยา', 'participle':'รูปกริยาขยาย', 'past participle':'รูปกริยาขยายอดีตกาล', 'present participle':'รูปกริยาขยายปัจจุบันกาล', 'adjective':'คำคุณศัพท์', 'adverb':'คำกริยาวิเศษณ์', 'preposition':'คำบุพบท', 'postposition':'คำปัจฉบท', 'conjunction':'คำสันธาน', 'interjection':'คำอุทาน', 'particle':'คำอนุภาค', 'numeral':'เลข', 'phrase':'วลี', 'prefix':'อุปสรรค', 'suffix':'ปัจจัย', 'letter':'ตัวอักษร', 'symbol':'สัญลักษณ์', 'punctuation mark':'เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน', 'noun form':'รูปนาม','nounf':'รูปนาม','nf':'รูปนาม','noun forms':'รูปนาม', 'proper noun form':'รูปวิสามานยนาม', 'pronoun form':'รูปสรรพนาม', 'verb form':'รูปกริยา','verbf':'รูปกริยา','vf':'รูปกริยา','verb forms':'รูปกริยา', 'gerund':'รูปกริยาเป็นนาม', 'participle form':'รูปผันรูปกริยาขยาย', 'past participle form':'รูปผันรูปกริยาขยายอดีตกาล', 'present participle form':'รูปผันรูปกริยาขยายปัจจุบันกาล', 'adjective form':'รูปคุณศัพท์', 'comparative adjective':'คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นกว่า', 'superlative adjective':'คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด', 'comparative adjective form':'รูปคุณศัพท์ขั้นกว่า', 'superlative adjective form':'รูปคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด', 'adverb form':'รูปกริยาวิเศษณ์', 'comparative adverb':'คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นกว่า', 'superlative adverb':'คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นสุด', 'comparative adverb form':'รูปกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นกว่า', 'superlative adverb form':'รูปกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นสุด', 'numeral form':'รูปเลข', 'misspelling':'รูปสะกดผิด' }; var replaceHeadwordKeys = Object.keys(replaceHeadword); var posLang = [ 'th', 'nod', 'tts', 'sou', 'lo', 'khb', 'blt', 'shn', 'skb', 'km', 'mnw', 'cog', 'vi', 'my', 'dz', 'bo', 'zh', 'ko', 'hy', 'ta', 'pa' ]; // {{xx-___}} var posTemplate = { 'นาม':'noun', 'อาการนาม':'noun', 'วิสามานยนาม':'proper noun', 'ลักษณนาม':'cls', 'สรรพนาม':'pronoun', 'กริยา':'verb', 'วิเศษณ์':'�CHECK�', 'คุณศัพท์':'adj', 'กริยาวิเศษณ์':'adv', 'บุพบท':'prep', 'ปัจฉบท':'post', 'สันธาน':'con', 'อุทาน':'interj', 'อนุภาค':'part', 'เลข':'num', /*'ตัวเลข':'numsym',*/ 'ตัวอักษร':'letter', }; // will be checked by order var categoryPattern = [ // language-specific { 'pattern':'^ศัพท์ภาษาญี่ปุ่นที่สะกดด้วย (.) ออกเสียง (.+)$', 'content':'{{ja-readingcat|$M1|$M2}}' }, { 'pattern':'^ศัพท์ภาษาญี่ปุ่นที่สะกดด้วยคันจิออกเสียง ([^ ]+)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, { 'pattern':'^ศัพท์ภาษา(.+)ที่สะกดด้วย (.)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, { 'pattern':'^คำนามภาษาจีนที่ใช้คำลักษณนาม (.+)$', 'content':'{{zh-classifier-cat}}' }, { 'pattern':'^คำนามภาษา(.+)ที่ใช้คำลักษณนาม (.+)$', 'content':'[[หมวดหมู่:คำนามภาษา$M1แบ่งตามคำลักษณนาม|$M2]]' }, // generic { 'pattern':'^([a-z-]+):(.+)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, // topic { 'pattern':'^ศัพท์ที่(รับมา|ยืมมา|สืบทอด|แปลตรงตัว)จาก(กลุ่ม)?ภาษา(.+)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, // der|inh|bor|calque { 'pattern':'^ศัพท์ภาษา(.+)แบ่ง', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, { 'pattern':'^ศัพท์ภาษา(.+)ที่', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, { 'pattern':'^(วลี|อุปสรรค|ปัจจัย|หน่วยคำ|สัญลักษณ์|เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน|ตัวเลข|เลข|คำ.+|รูป.+|พาลินโดรม)ภาษา(.+)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, // pos { 'pattern':'^(การบำรุงรักษาข้อมูล|แม่แบบ.*)ภาษา(.+)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, { 'pattern':'^ภาษาอักษร(.+)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' }, { 'pattern':'^อักษร(.+)$', 'content':'{{auto cat}}' } ]; /* </source> */ euf7hk2wokoo3tx0y9544muk9zdvjuh 0 138338 5714201 1424657 2026-03-30T05:36:15Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 /* ภาษาไทลื้อ */ 5714201 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทลื้อ == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|khb|cmn|-}} {{zh-l|柬埔寨}} === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦶᦋᧃ-ᦘᦴ-ᦈᦻᧈ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{khb-proper noun}} # [[กัมพูชา]] i8p6hmmlwe3pswv2bqxb79l13a8i30u 5714313 5714201 2026-03-30T10:57:03Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาไทลื้อ */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714313 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทลื้อ == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|khb|zh|柬埔寨}}, จาก{{der|khb|xhm|kambuja}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|khb|sa|काम्बोज}} === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦶᦋᧃ-ᦘᦴ-ᦈᦻᧈ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{khb-proper noun}} # {{tcl|khb|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} m3plhvhqd4mru7cwkmyr5ejcttgryfz 0 142605 5713904 1994732 2026-03-30T03:35:12Z Octahedron80 267 เก็บกวาด 5713904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาไอริช == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alter|ga|thá||วอเทอร์ฟอร์ด}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|ga|/t̪ˠɑː/|ref={{R:ga:SjPh|93|section=185}}|a=มันสเตอร์,คอนนอต}} * {{IPA|ga|/t̪ˠaː/|a=อัลสเตอร์,รอสคอมมอน,สไลโก,ลีทริม,ก่อนภาษาถิ่นดั้งเดิมสูญไป}} === คำกริยา === {{head|ga|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|ga|bí||pres|indc|independent|affirmative|progressive|analytic}}; "เป็น" == ภาษาจีนกลาง == === การถอดเป็นอักษรโรมัน === {{cmn-pinyin}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|蹹}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|𨓬}} pdt6lz1pll5ow3t3nygyrdsmwbywdx6 0 145338 5714314 1416669 2026-03-30T10:57:27Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาไทใหญ่ */ 5714314 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทใหญ่ == === การออกเสียง === {{shn-pron|ၵမ်ႇ-ပေႃး-တီး-ယိူဝ်း}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{shn-proper noun}} # {{tcl|shn|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} p3fe0jkilgy4gffozyqtzm2kxvin6ex 10 148188 5713874 5650921 2026-03-30T02:58:13Z Octahedron80 267 5713874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{head|mul|สัญลักษณ์|nolinkhead={{{nolinkhead|}}}|head={{{head|}}}|head2={{{head2|}}}|head3={{{head3|}}}|head4={{{head4|}}}|sc={{{sc|{{mul-symbol/script|{{bestscript|mul|{{{head|{{pagename}}}}}}}}}}}}|image={{{image|}}}|sort={{{sort|}}}|cat2={{{cat2|}}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{name|}}}|ชื่อเรียก}}|{{{name|}}}|f1nolink={{{namenolink|}}}|f1lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name2|}}}|f2nolink={{{name2nolink|}}}|f2lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name3|}}}|f3nolink={{{name3nolink|}}}|f3lang=mul<!-- -->|หรือ|{{{name4|}}}|f4nolink={{{name4nolink|}}}|f4lang=mul<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> h7shwj5hs7bhw60mvpuysmoysx4ghxi 0 167412 5713846 1379683 2026-03-29T19:42:09Z Alifshinobi 397 5713846 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทย == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor|th|en|utopia}} === การออกเสียง === {{th-pron|ยู-โท-เปีย}} === คำนาม === {{th-noun}} # [[อุตมรัฐ]], [[สถานที่]][[หรือ]][[ดินแดน]][[ใน]][[อุดมคติ]] [[ซึ่ง]] [[มี]][[แต่]][[ความ]][[สงบ]][[สุข]] #: {{syn|th|อุตมรัฐ}} # {{lb|th|วรรณ}} [[รูปแบบ]][[ของ]][[วรรณกรรม]] [[ที่]][[พรรณนา]][[โลก]][[ใน]][[อุดมคติ]] [[หรือ]][[ใน]][[จินตนาการ]] 9jxh53q4wtq67gzyeqy30chl3yh7crz 0 174765 5714225 1643276 2026-03-30T08:55:26Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714225 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาลาว == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|lo|ເກັກ}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|lo|fr|Grec}} === การออกเสียง === {{lo-pron|ເກັກ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{lo-proper noun}} # {{tcl|lo|กรีซ|id=Q41}} eum1vlj4syk4xu876eny20no82xp29o 0 214886 5714267 1549594 2026-03-30T10:13:01Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฮินดี */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714267 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮินดี == {{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/hi:map/Balkans}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|hi|fa-cls|یونان|tr=yūnān}}, จาก{{der|hi|peo|𐎹𐎢𐎴|ts=yauna||ไอโอเนีย}}, จาก{{der|hi|grc|Ἰωνία||ไอโอเนีย}}; อาจได้รับอิทธิพลจากคำร่วมเชื้อสาย {{doublet|hi|यवन|notext=1|t1=ชาวกรีก}} ซึ่งยืมมาจากสันสกฤต, และ{{cog|ar|اَلْيُونَان}}; เทียบ{{cog|bn|ইউনান}} === การออกเสียง === * {{hi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hi-proper noun|m|ur=یونان}} # {{tcl|hi|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|hi|ग्रीस}} # {{lbl|hi|historical}} {{place|hi|ancient region|r/Southeast Europe|home of the [[Greek]]s|t=Ancient Greece}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hi-ndecl|<M.sg>}} fm6fz44qflqwqidfhirvizvvsmqqg9i 5714268 5714267 2026-03-30T10:13:34Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714268 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮินดี == {{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/hi:map/Balkans}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|hi|fa-cls|یونان|tr=yūnān}}, จาก{{der|hi|peo|𐎹𐎢𐎴|ts=yauna||ไอโอเนีย}}, จาก{{der|hi|grc|Ἰωνία||ไอโอเนีย}}; อาจได้รับอิทธิพลจากคำร่วมเชื้อสาย {{doublet|hi|यवन|notext=1|t1=ชาวกรีก}} ซึ่งยืมมาจากสันสกฤต, และ{{cog|ar|اَلْيُونَان}}; เทียบ{{cog|bn|ইউনান}} === การออกเสียง === * {{hi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hi-proper noun|m|ur=یونان}} # {{tcl|hi|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|hi|ग्रीस}} # {{lbl|hi|historical}} {{place|hi|ภูมิภาคโบราณ|r/ยุโรปตะวันตกเฉียงใต้|บ้านของชาวกรีก|t=กรีซโบราณ}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hi-ndecl|<M.sg>}} hgo7mbdv9ugv1glpzhzu5j0vm4h1bhs 0 215045 5714348 5693173 2026-03-30T11:19:17Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเอสเปรันโต */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714348 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเอสเปรันโต == {{wp|eo:}} [[ไฟล์:Cambodia in its region.svg|thumb|450px|'''Kamboĝo''']] === การออกเสียง === {{eo-pr|a=Eo-Kamboĝo.ogg;LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-Kamboĝo.wav;LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Kamboĝo.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{eo-head}} # {{tcl|eo|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{compass|eo|e=Vjetnamio|n=Laoso|nw=Tajlando|sw=Sudĉina Maro}} ae604pjp9k6zz8lb6rnhnx8adnd64di 0 215123 5714264 5693253 2026-03-30T10:10:01Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเอสเปรันโต */ เก็บกวาด 5714264 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเอสเปรันโต == {{wp|eo:}} [[ไฟล์:Greece in its region.svg|300px|thumb|right|Grekio]] === การออกเสียง === {{eo-pr|a=Eo-Grekio.ogg;LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-Grekio.wav;LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Grekio.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{eo-head}} # {{tcl|eo|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|eo|Grekujo}} ==== Meronyms ==== * {{l|eo|Ateno|t=Athens}} * {{l|eo|greko|t=a Grecian}} ==== Holonyms ==== * {{l|eo|Eŭropo|t=Europe}} * {{l|eo|Eŭropa Unio|t=European Union}} * {{l|eo|Unuiĝintaj Nacioj|t=United Nations}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|eo|greka|t=Greek}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{compass|eo|ne=Turkio|e=Egea Maro|s=Mediteraneo|w=Ionia Maro|n=Albanio,Makedonio,Bulgario}} dcpal5upog1s1cvfm2jtrg16t99nuxs 0 215125 5714265 5693255 2026-03-30T10:10:52Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเอสเปรันโต */ เก็บกวาด 5714265 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเอสเปรันโต == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{affix|eo|greko|t1=ชาวกรีก|-ujo|t2=ประเทศของ|id2=place}} === การออกเสียง === {{eo-pr|a=LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-Grekujo.wav;LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Grekujo.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{eo-head}} # {{tcl|eo|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|eo|Grekio}} dudri0uy097hmp4f8dk4zqsisz6zcup 5714266 5714265 2026-03-30T10:11:09Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5714266 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเอสเปรันโต == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{affix|eo|greko|t1=ชาวกรีก|-ujo|t2=ประเทศของ|id2=สถานที่}} === การออกเสียง === {{eo-pr|a=LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-Grekujo.wav;LL-Q143 (epo)-Robin van der Vliet-Grekujo.wav}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{eo-head}} # {{tcl|eo|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|eo|Grekio}} 04pk3y3s0ychiucwp24s0enuhcwaz5c 10 237898 5713860 1108151 2026-03-30T02:22:23Z Octahedron80 267 5713860 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="NavFrame floatright" style="width:25em;max-width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;margin-bottom:7px;font-size:100%;"> <div class="NavHead">อักขระแบบอื่น</div> <div class="NavContent"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{character info|{{{1}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{character info|{{{2}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{character info|{{{3}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{character info|{{{4}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{character info|{{{5}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{character info|{{{6}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{7|}}}|{{character info|{{{7}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{character info|{{{8}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{9|}}}|{{character info|{{{9}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{10|}}}|{{character info|{{{10}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{11|}}}|{{character info|{{{11}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{12|}}}|{{character info|{{{12}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{13|}}}|{{character info|{{{13}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{14|}}}|{{character info|{{{14}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{15|}}}|{{character info|{{{15}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{16|}}}|{{character info|{{{16}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{17|}}}|{{character info|{{{17}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{18|}}}|{{character info|{{{18}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{19|}}}|{{character info|{{{19}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{20|}}}|{{character info|{{{20}}}}}}}<!-- --></div></div><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> oimlvuzr9zvux5zenur5stjeeka9y3f 10 238558 5714206 1598775 2026-03-30T05:42:22Z Octahedron80 267 5714206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:etymology/templates|misc_variant_multiple_terms|text=[[ภาคผนวก:อภิธานศัพท์#ร่วมราก|ร่วมราก]]กับ|cat=ศัพท์ที่ร่วมราก}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 0s9zjt3qjxnqwkp7zyvn2q1srdfvx74 5714208 5714206 2026-03-30T05:47:22Z Octahedron80 267 5714208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:etymology/templates|misc_variant_multiple_terms|text=[[ภาคผนวก:อภิธานศัพท์#ร่วมราก|ร่วมราก]]|oftext=กับ|cat=ศัพท์ที่ร่วมราก}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3ed9ul1xkx4q9zgjb0l0qu2e1d17eop 10 241746 5714109 1149539 2026-03-30T04:38:32Z Octahedron80 267 5714109 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;">{{IPA|{{{1<noinclude>|und</noinclude>}}}<includeonly>|{{{3}}}</includeonly>}}</span> <!-- --><table class="audiotable" style="vertical-align: top; display:inline-block; list-style:none;line-height: 1em;"><tr><td class="audiofile">[[Image:{{{2|Example.ogg}}}|noicon]]</td></tr></table><!-- --> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo">^{[[w:Wikipedia:Media help (Ogg)|help]]}</span><!-- --><includeonly><!-- -->{{#if:{{{1|}}}||{{#invoke:debug|error|Missing language code.}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||<!-- -->[[หมวดหมู่:ศัพท์{{#invoke:languages/templates|getByCode|{{{1}}}|getCategoryName}}ที่มีไฟล์เสียง]]<!-- -->{{#if:{{{dial|}}}|<!-- -->{{categorize<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->|Terms with audio pronunciation in {{{dial}}} dialect<!-- -->|sort={{{sort|}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> q8jjtxegn6l0is7u91y6e6bz9amvnli 10 246444 5714205 1601183 2026-03-30T05:39:40Z Octahedron80 267 5714205 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:etymology/templates|noncognate}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{ncog|und|test}}{{documentation}}</noinclude> 6usuogmoqkiqxrzxwbdpktoowwrk8p1 10 248703 5714198 1062631 2026-03-30T05:34:40Z Octahedron80 267 5714198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{deftempboiler|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{t|{{{3|}}}}}}|pos={{{pos|}}}|tr={{{tr|}}}|sc={{{sc|}}}|lang={{{lang|}}}|sort={{{sort|}}}|cap={{{cap|}}}|dot={{{dot|NONE}}}|nocap={{{nocap|}}}|nodot={{{nodot|}}}|form=การสะกดที่ถูกแทนที่|def=การสะกดที่ถูกแทนที่ของ}}<noinclude>[[Category:Form-of templates]]</noinclude> {{ {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|check deprecated lang param usage|no deprecated lang param usage}}|lang={{{lang|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:form of/templates|form_of_t|[[ภาคผนวก:อภิธานศัพท์#ถูกแทนที่|รูปสะกดถูกแทนที่]]ของ|cat=รูปสะกดถูกแทนที่|withencap=1|posttext={{#if:{{{use|}}}|{{#invoke:superseded spelling of|parse_use_param|{{{use}}}}}}}|ignore=use}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:Form-of templates]]</noinclude> dfa0h5ivirh8824psaijwmbizb8x5e9 5714199 5714198 2026-03-30T05:34:51Z Octahedron80 267 5714199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|check deprecated lang param usage|no deprecated lang param usage}}|lang={{{lang|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:form of/templates|form_of_t|[[ภาคผนวก:อภิธานศัพท์#ถูกแทนที่|รูปสะกดถูกแทนที่]]ของ|cat=รูปสะกดถูกแทนที่|withencap=1|posttext={{#if:{{{use|}}}|{{#invoke:superseded spelling of|parse_use_param|{{{use}}}}}}}|ignore=use}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:Form-of templates]]</noinclude> raw9qyiagq4zxxhcyc8twfnwyvbj4yc 0 260802 5713831 4909926 2026-03-29T16:21:16Z Ponpan 693 /* คำคุณศัพท์ */ 5713831 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|many; much|few; little}} === การออกเสียง 1 === {{zh-pron |m=duōshao,duōshǎo,1nb=จีนแผ่นดินใหญ่,2nb=ไต้หวัน |c=do1 siu2 |mn=qz:to͘-siáu/tw,xm,zz:to-siáu |ma=zh-duōshao.ogg |w=1tu sau |cat=a }} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{zh-adj}} # {{lb|zh|คำถาม}} [[เท่าไร]], [[กี่มากน้อย]] #: {{zh-x|你 要 多少{shǎo}？|เธอต้องการ'''เท่าไร'''}} #: {{zh-x|這 個 班 有 多少{shǎo} 男生？|ห้องเรียนนี้มีนักเรียนชาย'''เท่าไร'''}} # {{lb|zh|คำถาม}} [[อะไร]] (ใช้กับคำตอบที่เป็นตัวเลข) #: {{zh-x|你 的 電話.號碼 是 多少{shǎo}？|เบอร์โทรศัพท์ของเธอคืออะไร}} #: {{zh-x|你 的 電子.郵件 是 多少{shǎo}？|อีเมล์ของเธอคืออะไร (อีเมล์ที่ใช้ในประเทศจีนมักเป็นตัวเลขล้วน)}} # {{lb|zh|ใช้ซ้ำกันในประโยค}} [[มาก]][[เท่าที่]]; เท่าไร…[[เท่านั้น]] #: {{zh-x|你 要 多少{shǎo} 就 拿 多少{shǎo}。|หยิบไป'''เท่าที่'''เธอต้องการ, เธอต้องการ'''เท่าไร'''ก็หยิบ'''เท่านั้น'''}} ===== คำพ้องความ ===== {{zh-dial}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{zh-l|幾個}} * {{zh-l|幾}} === การออกเสียง 2 === {{zh-pron |m=duōshǎo |c=do1 siu2 |h=pfs=tô-séu |mn=qz:to͘-siáu/tw,xm,zz:to-siáu |cat=adv,n }} ==== คำนาม ==== {{zh-noun}} # [[เท่าไร]], [[เท่าใด]] #: {{zh-x|所得稅 的 多少{shǎo} 取決 於 你 的 收入。|ภาษีเงินได้จะมีค่า'''เท่าใด'''ขึ้นอยู่กับรายได้ของเธอ}} ==== คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ ==== {{zh-adv}} # [[ค่อนข้าง]]; [[ไม่มากก็น้อย]] #: {{zh-x|這 種 描述 多少{shǎo} 有 點 準確性。|คำอธิบายอันนี้ค่อนข้างมีความแม่นยำ}} {{zh-cat|Beginning}} == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|た|しょう|yomi=on}} === คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ === {{ja-pos|たしょう|adverb}} # [[บ้าง]]; [[ค่อนข้าง]] === คำนาม === {{ja-noun|たしょう}} # [[จำนวน]], [[ปริมาณ]] dndjpejcmv72y7kh896k2kvkgg9awf4 5713832 5713831 2026-03-29T16:23:19Z Ponpan 693 /* ภาษาญี่ปุ่น */ 5713832 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|many; much|few; little}} === การออกเสียง 1 === {{zh-pron |m=duōshao,duōshǎo,1nb=จีนแผ่นดินใหญ่,2nb=ไต้หวัน |c=do1 siu2 |mn=qz:to͘-siáu/tw,xm,zz:to-siáu |ma=zh-duōshao.ogg |w=1tu sau |cat=a }} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{zh-adj}} # {{lb|zh|คำถาม}} [[เท่าไร]], [[กี่มากน้อย]] #: {{zh-x|你 要 多少{shǎo}？|เธอต้องการ'''เท่าไร'''}} #: {{zh-x|這 個 班 有 多少{shǎo} 男生？|ห้องเรียนนี้มีนักเรียนชาย'''เท่าไร'''}} # {{lb|zh|คำถาม}} [[อะไร]] (ใช้กับคำตอบที่เป็นตัวเลข) #: {{zh-x|你 的 電話.號碼 是 多少{shǎo}？|เบอร์โทรศัพท์ของเธอคืออะไร}} #: {{zh-x|你 的 電子.郵件 是 多少{shǎo}？|อีเมล์ของเธอคืออะไร (อีเมล์ที่ใช้ในประเทศจีนมักเป็นตัวเลขล้วน)}} # {{lb|zh|ใช้ซ้ำกันในประโยค}} [[มาก]][[เท่าที่]]; เท่าไร…[[เท่านั้น]] #: {{zh-x|你 要 多少{shǎo} 就 拿 多少{shǎo}。|หยิบไป'''เท่าที่'''เธอต้องการ, เธอต้องการ'''เท่าไร'''ก็หยิบ'''เท่านั้น'''}} ===== คำพ้องความ ===== {{zh-dial}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{zh-l|幾個}} * {{zh-l|幾}} === การออกเสียง 2 === {{zh-pron |m=duōshǎo |c=do1 siu2 |h=pfs=tô-séu |mn=qz:to͘-siáu/tw,xm,zz:to-siáu |cat=adv,n }} ==== คำนาม ==== {{zh-noun}} # [[เท่าไร]], [[เท่าใด]] #: {{zh-x|所得稅 的 多少{shǎo} 取決 於 你 的 收入。|ภาษีเงินได้จะมีค่า'''เท่าใด'''ขึ้นอยู่กับรายได้ของเธอ}} ==== คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ ==== {{zh-adv}} # [[ค่อนข้าง]]; [[ไม่มากก็น้อย]] #: {{zh-x|這 種 描述 多少{shǎo} 有 點 準確性。|คำอธิบายอันนี้ค่อนข้างมีความแม่นยำ}} {{zh-cat|Beginning}} == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|た|しょう|yomi=on}} === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|たしょう|acc=0}} === คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ === {{ja-pos|adverb|たしょう}} # [[บ้าง]]; [[ค่อนข้าง]] === คำนาม === {{ja-noun|たしょう}} # [[จำนวน]], [[ปริมาณ]] === อ้างอิง === * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0004399300}} 892lnin1wzs9wifatpg8ncd7cmuu7vr 0 260934 5713906 5040152 2026-03-30T03:37:29Z Octahedron80 267 เก็บกวาด นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5713906 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === รากศัพท์ === เป็นไปได้ว่ารับมาจาก{{inh|nl|dum|rinsc||จากแม่น้ำไรน์}}, จาก{{suffix|dum|rijn|-sc|nocat=1}}; ไวน์จากแคว้นไรน์แลนด์ถูกเรียกว่า {{m|nl|rinsche wijn}} จนถึงช่วงปี 1830 และคำนี้น่าจะถูกนำไปใช้กับผลิตภัณฑ์อื่น ๆ ที่มีรสชาติเปรี้ยวเล็กน้อยหรือน่าพึงพอใจ === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|nl|Nl-rins.ogg}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{nl-adj}} # ที่มีรสชาติ[[เปรี้ยว]]เล็กน้อยหรือน่าพึงพอใจ ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|pap|rens|bor=1}} {{q|dated}} {{C|nl|รสชาติ}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA}} * {{hyphenation|pt|rins}} === คำนาม === {{head|pt|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|pt|rim}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำกริยา === {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|en|rin||s-verb-form}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{anagrams|en|a=inrs|NIRS|NRIs|RNIs|SNRI}} 2c0orxjtrdvaz3gpd7zs7sgsjl0xylr 828 261904 5713909 5688326 2026-03-30T03:41:03Z Octahedron80 267 5713909 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} -- This file is split into two sections: topical labels and labels for set-type categories. -- Each section is sorted alphabetically. -- Topical labels labels["ABDL"] = { display = "[[ABDL]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["ศาสนาอับราฮัม"] = { aliases = {"Abrahamism", "อับราฮัม"}, display = "[[ศาสนาอับราฮัม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การบัญชี"] = { aliases = {"accounting", "acc", "บัญชี"}, display = "[[การบัญชี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สวนศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"acoustics"}, display = "[[สวนศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["acting"] = { display = "[[acting#Noun|acting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การโฆษณา"] = { aliases = {"advertising"}, display = "[[การโฆษณา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อากาศยานศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"aeronautics"}, display = "[[อากาศยานศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["aerospace"] = { display = "[[aerospace]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["aesthetic"] = { aliases = {"aesthetics"}, display = "[[aesthetic]]", topical_categories = "Aesthetics", } labels["เกษตรกรรม"] = { aliases = {"agriculture", "farming", "เกษตร", "กสิกรรม", "กสิ"}, display = "[[เกษตรกรรม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Ahmadiyya"] = { aliases = {"Ahmadiyyat", "Ahmadi"}, display = "[[Ahmadiyya]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อากาศยาน"] = { aliases = {"aircraft"}, display = "[[อากาศยาน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การเล่นแร่แปรธาตุ"] = { aliases = {"alchemy", "รสายนเวท", "รสายนวิทยา", "เล่นแร่แปรธาตุ", "การแปรธาตุ", "แปรธาตุ"}, display = "[[การเล่นแร่แปรธาตุ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์"] = { aliases = {"alcoholic beverages", "alcohol"}, display = "[[เครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["โรคพิษสุรา"] = { aliases = {"alcoholism"}, display = "[[โรคพิษสุรา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["พีชคณิต"] = { aliases = {"algebra"}, display = "[[พีชคณิต]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เรขาคณิตเชิงพีชคณิต"] = { aliases = {"algebraic geometry"}, display = "[[เรขาคณิตเชิงพีชคณิต]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ทอพอโลยีเชิงพีชคณิต"] = { aliases = {"algebraic topology"}, display = "[[ทอพอโลยีเชิงพีชคณิต]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["alt-right"] = { aliases = {"Alt-right", "altright", "Altright"}, display = "[[alt-right]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["แพทยศาสตร์ทางเลือก"] = { aliases = {"alternative medicine"}, display = "[[แพทยศาสตร์ทางเลือก]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยุสมัครเล่น"] = { aliases = {"amateur radio", "ham radio"}, display = "[[วิทยุสมัครเล่น]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อเมริกันฟุตบอล"] = { aliases = {"American football"}, display = "[[อเมริกันฟุตบอล]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["analytic geometry"] = { display = "[[analytic geometry]]", topical_categories = "Geometry", } labels["เคมีวิเคราะห์"] = { aliases = {"analytical chemistry"}, display = "เคมีวิเคราะห์", topical_categories = true, } labels["อนาธิปไตย"] = { aliases = {"anarchism"}, display = "[[อนาธิปไตย]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กายวิภาคศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"anatomy", "กายวิภาค"}, display = "[[กายวิภาคศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กรีซโบราณ"] = { aliases = {"Ancient Greece"}, display = "[[กรีซโบราณ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["โรมโบราณ"] = { aliases = {"Ancient Rome"}, display = "[[โรมโบราณ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Anglicanism"] = { aliases = {"Anglican"}, display = "[[Anglicanism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["แอนิเมชัน"] = { aliases = {"animation"}, display = "[[แอนิเมชัน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อะนิเมะ"] = { aliases = {"anime"}, display = "[[อะนิเมะ]]", topical_categories = "บันเทิงคดีญี่ปุ่น", } labels["มานุษยวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"anthropology"}, display = "[[มานุษยวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาแมงมุม"] = { aliases = {"arachnology", "แมงมุม"}, display = "[[วิทยาแมงมุม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Arabian god"] = { display = "[[Arabian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Arabian deities", } labels["archaeological culture"] = { aliases = {"archeological culture", "archaeological cultures", "archeological cultures"}, display = "[[archaeology]]", topical_categories = "Archaeological cultures", } labels["โบราณคดี"] = { aliases = {"archaeology", "archeology"}, display = "[[โบราณคดี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การยิงธนู"] = { aliases = {"ยิงธนู", "ธนู", "archery"}, display = "[[การยิงธนู]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สถาปัตยกรรม"] = { aliases = {"architecture", "สถาปัตย์"}, display = "[[สถาปัตยกรรม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เลขคณิต"] = { aliases = {"arithmetic"}, display = "[[เลขคณิต]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Armenian mythology"] = { display = "[[Armenian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศิลปะ"] = { aliases = {"art", "arts", "ศิลป์", "ศิลปกรรม"}, display = "[[ศิลปะ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ปัญญาประดิษฐ์"] = { aliases = {"artificial intelligence", "AI", "เอไอ"}, display = "[[ปัญญาประดิษฐ์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["artillery"] = { display = "[[weaponry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Arthurian legend"] = { aliases = {"Arthurian mythology"}, display = "[[w:Arthurian legend|Arthurian legend]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = "Arthurian mythology", } labels["โหราศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"astrology", "โหร", "โหรา", "horoscope", "ดวงชะตา", "ดวง", "zodiac", "ราศี"}, display = "[[โหราศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อวกาศยานศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"astronautics", "rocketry"}, display = "[[อวกาศยานศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ดาราศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"astronomy", "ดารา"}, display = "[[ดาราศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ฟิสิกส์ดาราศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"astrophysics"}, display = "[[ฟิสิกส์ดาราศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Asturian mythology"] = { display = "[[Asturian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กรีฑา"] = { aliases = {"athletics"}, display = "[[กรีฑา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Australian Aboriginal mythology"] = { display = "[[w:Australian Aboriginal mythology|Australian Aboriginal mythology]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Australian rules football"] = { display = "[[Australian rules football]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["autism"] = { display = "[[autism]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["ยานยนต์"] = { aliases = {"automotive", "automotives"}, display = "[[ยานยนต์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["auto parts"] = { display = "[[ยานยนต์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การบิน"] = { aliases = {"aviation", "air transport"}, display = "[[การบิน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["backgammon"] = { display = "[[backgammon]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["แบคทีเรีย"] = { aliases = {"bacteria"}, display = "[[วิทยาแบคทีเรีย]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาแบคทีเรีย"] = { aliases = {"bacteriology"}, display = "[[วิทยาแบคทีเรีย]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["แบดมินตัน"] = { aliases = {"badminton"}, display = "[[แบดมินตัน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["baking"] = { display = "[[baking#Noun|baking]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กีฬาใช้บอล"] = { aliases = {"ball games", "ball sports"}, display = "[[กีฬาใช้บอล]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ballet"] = { display = "[[ballet]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Bangladeshi politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi politics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การธนาคาร"] = { aliases = {"banking"}, display = "[[การธนาคาร]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เบสบอล"] = { aliases = {"baseball"}, display = "[[เบสบอล]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["บาสเกตบอล"] = { aliases = {"basketball"}, display = "[[บาสเกตบอล]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["บีดีเอสเอ็ม"] = { aliases = {"BDSM"}, display = "[[บีดีเอสเอ็ม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["beekeeping"] = { display = "[[beekeeping]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เบียร์"] = { aliases = {"beer"}, display = "[[เบียร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["betting"] = { display = "[[gambling#Noun|gambling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ไบเบิล"] = { aliases = {"biblical", "Bible", "bible", "Biblical"}, display = "[[ไบเบิล]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["billiards"] = { display = "[[billiards]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["บิงโก"] = { aliases = {"bingo"}, display = "[[บิงโก]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ชีวเคมี"] = { aliases = {"biochemistry", "biochem"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ชีววิทยา"] = { aliases = {"ชีว", "biology", "bio"}, display = "[[ชีววิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เทคโนโลยีชีวภาพ"] = { aliases = {"ไบโอเทค", "biotechnology", "biotech"}, display = "[[biotechnology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["birdwatching"] = { display = "[[birdwatching#Noun|birdwatching]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["blacksmithing"] = { display = "[[blacksmithing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["blogging"] = { display = "[[blogging#Noun|blogging]]", topical_categories = "Internet", } labels["เกมกระดาน"] = { aliases = {"board games", "board game"}, display = "[[เกมกระดาน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["board sports"] = { display = "[[boardsport|board sports]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["bodybuilding"] = { display = "[[bodybuilding#Noun|bodybuilding]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["พฤกษศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"botany", "พฤกษ"}, display = "[[พฤกษศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["bowling"] = { display = "[[bowling#Noun|bowling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["bowls"] = { aliases = {"lawn bowls", "crown green bowls"}, display = "[[bowls]]", topical_categories = "Bowls (game)", } labels["มวย"] = { aliases = {"boxing"}, display = "[[มวย]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["brewing"] = { display = "[[brewing#Noun|brewing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["bridge"] = { display = "[[bridge#English:_game|bridge]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["broadcasting"] = { display = "[[broadcasting#Noun|broadcasting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ไบรโอโลยี"] = { aliases = {"bryology"}, display = "[[ไบรโอโลยี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศาสนาพุทธ"] = { aliases = {"Buddhism", "พุทธศาสนา", "พระพุทธศาสนา", "พุทธ"}, display = "[[ศาสนาพุทธ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Buddhist deity"] = { aliases = {"Buddhist goddess", "Buddhist god"}, display = "[[ศาสนาพุทธ]]", topical_categories = "Buddhist deities", } labels["bullfighting"] = { display = "[[bullfighting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ธุรกิจ"] = { aliases = {"business", "professional"}, display = "[[ธุรกิจ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Byzantine Empire"] = { display = "[[Byzantine Empire]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["แคลคูลัส"] = { aliases = {"calculus"}, display = "[[แคลคูลัส]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["calligraphy"] = { display = "[[calligraphy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Canadian football"] = { display = "[[Canadian football]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["canoeing"] = { display = "[[canoeing#Noun|canoeing]]", topical_categories = "Water sports", } labels["ทุนนิยม"] = { aliases = {"capitalism"}, display = "[[ทุนนิยม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เกมไพ่"] = { aliases = {"card games", "card game", "เกมการ์ด", "cards", "ไพ่", "การ์ด", "playing card", "ไพ่ป๊อก"}, display = "[[ไพ่|เกมไพ่]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["หทัยวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"cardiology", "วิทยาหัวใจ", "วิทยาโรคหัวใจ", "หัวใจ"}, display = "[[หทัยวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["carpentry"] = { display = "[[carpentry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การทำแผนที่"] = { aliases = {"cartography", "map", "แผนที่"}, display = "[[การทำแผนที่]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cartomancy"] = { display = "[[cartomancy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["castells"] = { display = "[[castells]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["category theory"] = { display = "[[category theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Catholicism"] = { aliases = {"catholicism", "Catholic", "catholic"}, display = "[[Catholicism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["caving"] = { display = "[[caving#Noun|caving]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cellular automata"] = { display = "[[cellular automata]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Celtic mythology"] = { display = "[[Celtic]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ceramics"] = { display = "[[ceramics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cheerleading"] = { display = "[[cheerleading#Noun|cheerleading]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ธาตุเคมี"] = { aliases = {"chemical element", "ธาตุ"}, display = "[[เคมี]]", topical_categories = {"ธาตุเคมี"}, } labels["chemical engineering"] = { display = "[[chemical engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เคมี"] = { aliases = {"chemistry", "chem"}, display = "[[เคมี]]", topical_categories = {"เคมี"}, } labels["หมากรุกสากล"] = { aliases = {"chess", "หมากรุกฝรั่ง"}, display = "[[หมากรุกสากล]]", topical_categories = {"หมากรุกสากล"}, } labels["children's games"] = { display = "[[children|children's]] [[game]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["Church of England"] = { aliases = {"C of E", "CofE"}, Wikipedia = "Church of England", topical_categories = true, } labels["ดาราศาสตร์จีน"] = { aliases = {"Chinese astronomy"}, display = "[[ดาราศาสตร์]][[จีน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Chinese calligraphy"] = { display = "[[Chinese]] [[calligraphy]]", topical_categories = "Calligraphy", } labels["Chinese constellation"] = { display = "[[Chinese]] [[astronomy]]", topical_categories = "Constellations", } labels["Chinese folk religion"] = { display = "[[Chinese]] [[folk religion]]", topical_categories = "Religion", } labels["ภาษาศาสตร์จีน"] = { aliases = {"Chinese linguistics"}, display = "[[ภาษาศาสตร์]][[จีน]]", topical_categories = "ภาษาศาสตร์", } labels["ปรัมปราวิทยาจีน"] = { aliases = {"Chinese mythology"}, display = "[[ปรัมปราวิทยา]][[จีน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ปรัชญาจีน"] = { aliases = {"Chinese philosophy"}, display = "[[ปรัชญา]][[จีน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สัทศาสตร์จีน"] = { aliases = {"Chinese phonetics"}, display = "[[สัทศาสตร์]][[จีน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Chinese religion"] = { display = "[[Chinese]] [[religion]]", topical_categories = "Religion", } labels["Chinese star"] = { display = "[[Chinese]] [[astronomy]]", topical_categories = "Stars", } labels["ศาสนาคริสต์"] = { aliases = {"Christianity", "christianity", "คริสตศาสนา", "คริสต์ศาสนา", "คริสต์"}, display = "[[ศาสนาคริสต์]]", topical_categories = {"ศาสนาคริสต์"}, } labels["Church of the East"] = { display = "[[Church of the East]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การถ่ายภาพยนตร์"] = { aliases = {"cinematography", "filmology", "การถ่ายทำภาพยนตร์", "วิชาการภาพยนตร์"}, display = "[[การถ่ายภาพยนตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cladistics"] = { display = "[[cladistics]]", topical_categories = "Taxonomy", } labels["classical mechanics"] = { display = "[[classical mechanics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["classical studies"] = { display = "[[classical studies]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["climatology"] = { display = "[[climatology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["climate change"] = { display = "[[climate change]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["climbing"] = { aliases = {"rock climbing"}, display = "[[climbing#Noun|climbing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["จิตวิทยาคลินิก"] = { aliases = {"clinical psychology"}, display = "[[จิตวิทยาคลินิก]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เครื่องนุ่งห่ม"] = { aliases = {"clothing", "เสื้อผ้า"}, display = "[[เครื่องนุ่งห่ม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cloud computing"] = { display = "[[cloud computing]]", topical_categories = "Computing", } labels["collectible card games"] = { aliases = {"trading card games", "collectible cards", "trading cards"}, display = "collectible card games", topical_categories = true, } labels["combinatorics"] = { display = "[[combinatorics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["comedy"] = { display = "[[comedy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["commercial law"] = { display = "[[commercial#Adjective|commercial]] [[law]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["comics"] = { display = "[[comics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["communication"] = { aliases = {"communications"}, display = "[[communication]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["communism"] = { aliases = {"Communism"}, display = "[[communism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["compilation"] = { aliases = {"compiler"}, display = "[[software]] [[compilation]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["complex analysis"] = { display = "[[complex analysis]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ภาษาศาสตร์คอมพิวเตอร์"] = { aliases = {"computational linguistics"}, display = "[[ภาษาศาสตร์คอมพิวเตอร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["computer chess"] = { display = "[[computer chess]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เกมคอมพิวเตอร์"] = { aliases = {"computer games", "computer game", "computer gaming", "เกมคอม"}, display = "[[เกมคอมพิวเตอร์]]", topical_categories = "วิดีโอเกม", } labels["computer graphics"] = { display = "[[computer graphics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["computer hardware"] = { display = "[[computer]] [[hardware]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ภาษาคอมพิวเตอร์"] = { aliases = {"computer languages", "programming language", "ภาษาโปรแกรม"}, display = "[[ภาษาคอมพิวเตอร์]]", topical_categories = {"ภาษาคอมพิวเตอร์"}, } labels["วิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์"] = { aliases = {"computer science", "comp sci", "CompSci", "compsci"}, display = "[[วิทยาการคอมพิวเตอร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["computer security"] = { display = "[[computer security]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การคอมพิวเตอร์"] = { aliases = {"computing", "computer", "computers", "คอมพิวเตอร์", "คอม"}, display = "[[การคอมพิวเตอร์]]", topical_categories = {"การคอมพิวเตอร์"}, } labels["computing theory"] = { aliases = {"comptheory"}, display = "[[computing#Noun|computing]] [[theory]]", topical_categories = "Theory of computing", } labels["conchology"] = { display = "[[conchology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศาสนาขงจื๊อ"] = { aliases = {"Confucianism", "ขงจื๊อ"}, display = "[[ศาสนาขงจื๊อ]]", topical_categories = {"ศาสนาขงจื๊อ"}, } labels["conlanging"] = { aliases = {"constructed languages", "constructed language"}, display = "[[conlanging]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["conservatism"] = { display = "[[conservatism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["construction"] = { display = "[[construction]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การทำอาหาร"] = { aliases = {"culinary", "cuisine", "cookery", "gastronomy", "การปรุงอาหาร"}, display = "[[การทำอาหาร]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["copyright"] = { aliases = {"copyright law", "intellectual property", "intellectual property law", "IP law"}, display = "[[copyright]] [[law]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cosmetics"] = { aliases = {"cosmetology"}, display = "[[cosmetics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["จักรวาลวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"cosmology"}, display = "[[จักรวาลวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["creationism"] = { aliases = {"baraminology"}, display = "[[creationism#English|creationism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cribbage"] = { display = "[[cribbage]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["คริกเกต"] = { aliases = {"คริกเก็ต", "cricket"}, display = "[[คริกเกต]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อาชญากรรม"] = { aliases = {"crime"}, display = "[[อาชญากรรม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กฎหมายอาญา"] = { aliases = {"criminal law"}, display = "[[กฎหมายอาญา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อาชญาวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"criminology"}, display = "[[criminology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["crochet"] = { display = "[[crochet]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["croquet"] = { display = "[[croquet]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["crosswording"] = { aliases = {"crosswords","cruciverbalism","cryptic crosswords", "crossword puzzles"}, display = "[[crosswording]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cryptocurrencies"] = { aliases = {"cryptocurrency"}, display = "[[cryptocurrency|cryptocurrencies]]", topical_categories = "Cryptocurrency", } labels["วิทยาการรหัสลับ"] = { aliases = {"cryptography", "วิทยาการเข้ารหัสลับ"}, display = "[[วิทยาการรหัสลับ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cryptozoology"] = { display = "[[cryptozoology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["crystallography"] = { display = "[[crystallography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cultural anthropology"] = { display = "[[cultural anthropology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["curling"] = { display = "[[curling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cybernetics"] = { display = "[[cybernetics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cybersecurity"] = { display = "[[cybersecurity]]", topical_categories = "Networking", } labels["cycle racing"] = { display = "[[w:cycle sport|cycle racing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["cycling"] = { aliases = {"bicycling"}, display = "[[cycling#Noun|cycling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาเซลล์"] = { aliases = {"เซลล์วิทยา", "ชีววิทยาเซลล์", "cytology", "cell biology", "cellular biology"}, display = "[[วิทยาเซลล์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["dance"] = { aliases = {"dancing"}, display = "[[dance#Noun|dance]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["darts"] = { display = "[[darts]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["data management"] = { display = "[[data management]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["data modeling"] = { display = "[[data modeling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["databases"] = { aliases = {"database"}, display = "[[database]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["decision theory"] = { display = "[[decision theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["deltiology"] = { display = "[[deltiology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["demography"] = { display = "[[demography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["demoscene"] = { topical_categories = true, } labels["ทันตแพทยศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"dentistry", "ทันตแพทย์", "ทันตะ", "ทันต", "หมอฟัน"}, display = "[[ทันตแพทยศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ตัจวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"dermatology", "ตจวิทยา", "ผิวหนัง", "วิทยาผิวหนัง", "วิทยาโรคผิวหนัง"}, display = "[[ตัจวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["design"] = { display = "[[design#Noun|design]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["dice games"] = { aliases = {"dice"}, display = "[[dice game]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["dictation"] = { display = "[[dictation]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["differential geometry"] = { display = "[[differential geometry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["diplomacy"] = { display = "[[diplomacy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["disc golf"] = { display = "[[disc golf]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["divination"] = { display = "[[divination]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["diving"] = { display = "[[diving#Noun|diving]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["dominoes"] = { display = "[[dominoes]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["dou dizhu"] = { display = "[[w:Dou dizhu|dou dizhu]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["drama"] = { display = "[[drama]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["dressage"] = { display = "[[dressage]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["earth science"] = { display = "[[earth science]]", topical_categories = "Earth sciences", } labels["Eastern Catholicism"] = { aliases = {"Eastern Catholic"}, display = "[[w:Eastern Catholicism]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Eastern Orthodoxy"] = { aliases = {"Eastern Orthodox"}, display = "[[Eastern Orthodoxy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["eating disorders"] = { aliases = {"eating disorder"}, display = "[[eating disorder]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["ecclesiastical"] = { display = "[[ecclesiastical]]", topical_categories = "Christianity", } labels["ecology"] = { display = "[[ecology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เศรษฐศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"economics", "เศรษฐ"}, display = "[[เศรษฐศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การศึกษา"] = { aliases = {"education", "ศึกษา"}, display = "[[การศึกษา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Egyptian god"] = { aliases = {"Egyptian goddess", "Egyptian deity"}, display = "[[Egyptian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Egyptian deities", } labels["Egyptian mythology"] = { display = "[[Egyptian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Egyptology"] = { display = "[[Egyptology]]", topical_categories = "Ancient Egypt", } labels["electrencephalography"] = { display = "[[electrencephalography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["electrical engineering"] = { display = "[[electrical engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ไฟฟ้า"] = { aliases = {"electricity", "electric"}, display = "[[ไฟฟ้า]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["electrodynamics"] = { display = "[[electrodynamics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["แม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า"] = { aliases = {"electromagnetism", "แม่เหล็ก"}, display = "[[แม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อิเล็กทรอนิกส์"] = { aliases = {"electronics", "electronic"}, display = "[[อิเล็กทรอนิกส์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["embryology"] = { display = "[[embryology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["emergency services"] = { display = "[[emergency services]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["emergency medicine"] = { display = "[[emergency medicine]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["endocrinology"] = { display = "[[endocrinology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["engineering"] = { display = "[[engineering#Noun|engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["enterprise engineering"] = { display = "[[enterprise engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["entomology"] = { display = "[[entomology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["epidemiology"] = { display = "[[epidemiology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["epistemology"] = { display = "[[epistemology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["equestrianism"] = { aliases = {"equestrian", "horses", "horsemanship"}, display = "[[equestrianism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["espionage"] = { display = "[[espionage]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["จริยศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"ethics", "จริยธรรม", "จริย"}, display = "[[จริยศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ethnography"] = { display = "[[ethnography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ethology"] = { display = "[[ethology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["European folklore"] = { display = "[[European]] [[folklore]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["European Union"] = { aliases = {"EU"}, display = "[[European Union]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["evolutionary theory"] = { aliases = {"evolutionary biology"}, display = "[[evolutionary theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การออกกำลังกาย"] = { aliases = {"ออกกำลังกาย", "ออกกำลัง", "การออกกำลัง", "กายบริหาร", "exercise"}, display = "[[การออกกำลังกาย]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["eye color"] = { display = "[[eye]] [[color]]", topical_categories = "Eye colors", } labels["falconry"] = { display = "[[falconry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fantasy"] = { display = "[[fantasy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["farriery"] = { display = "[[farriery]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fascism"] = { display = "[[fascism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fashion"] = { display = "[[fashion]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["feminism"] = { display = "[[feminism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fencing"] = { display = "[[fencing#Noun|fencing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["feudalism"] = { display = "[[feudalism|feudalism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["บันเทิงคดี"] = { aliases = {"fiction", "fictional"}, display = "[[บันเทิงคดี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["field hockey"] = { display = "[[field hockey]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["figure skating"] = { display = "[[figure skating]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["file format"] = { display = "[[file format]]", topical_categories = "File formats", } labels["film"] = { display = "[[film#Noun|film]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ประเภทภาพยนตร์"] = { aliases = {"cinema", "film genre"}, display = "[[ภาพยนตร์]]", topical_categories = "ประเภทภาพยนตร์", } labels["การเงิน"] = { aliases = {"finance"}, display = "[[การเงิน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Finnic mythology"] = { aliases = {"Finnish mythology"}, display = "[[Finnic]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["firearms"] = { aliases = {"firearm"}, display = "[[firearm]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["firefighting"] = { display = "[[firefighting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การตกปลา"] = { aliases = {"fishing", "angling"}, display = "[[การตกปลา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["flamenco"] = { display = "[[flamenco]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fluid dynamics"] = { display = "[[fluid dynamics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fluid mechanics"] = { display = "[[fluid mechanics]]", topical_categories = "Mechanics", } labels["folklore"] = { display = "[[folklore]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["forestry"] = { display = "[[forestry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Forteana"] = { display = "[[Forteana]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Freemasonry"] = { aliases = {"freemasonry"}, display = "[[Freemasonry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["functional analysis"] = { display = "[[functional analysis]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["furniture"] = { display = "[[furniture]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["furry fandom"] = { display = "[[furry#Noun|furry]] [[fandom]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fuzzy logic"] = { display = "[[fuzzy logic]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Gaelic football"] = { display = "[[Gaelic football]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การพนัน"] = { aliases = {"gambling", "พนัน"}, display = "[[การพนัน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["game theory"] = { display = "[[game theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["games"] = { aliases = {"game"}, display = "[[game#Noun|games]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["gaming"] = { display = "[[gaming#Noun|gaming]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["genealogy"] = { display = "[[genealogy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["general semantics"] = { display = "[[general semantics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["พันธุศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"genetics"}, display = "[[พันธุศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ภูมิศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"geography", "ภูมิ"}, display = "[[ภูมิศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ธรณีวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"geology", "ธรณี"}, display = "[[ธรณีวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["geological period"] = { Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = "Geological periods", } labels["เรขาคณิต"] = { aliases = {"geometry", "geometric", "geometrical", "เรขา"}, display = "[[เรขาคณิต]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["geomorphology"] = { display = "[[geomorphology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ภูมิรัฐศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"geopolitics"}, display = "[[ภูมิรัฐศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["gerontology"] = { display = "[[gerontology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["gladiatorial combat"] = { Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["glassblowing"] = { display = "[[glassblowing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Gnosticism"] = { aliases = {"gnosticism"}, display = "[[Gnosticism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["go"] = { aliases = {"Go", "game of go", "game of Go"}, display = "{{l|en|go|id=game}}", topical_categories = true, } labels["กอล์ฟ"] = { aliases = {"golf"}, display = "[[กอล์ฟ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["government"] = { display = "[[government]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ไวยากรณ์"] = { aliases = {"grammar", "ไว"}, display = "[[ไวยากรณ์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["grammatical case"] = { display = "[[grammar]]", topical_categories = "Grammatical cases", } labels["grammatical mood"] = { display = "[[grammar]]", topical_categories = "Grammatical moods", } labels["graph theory"] = { display = "[[graph theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["graphic design"] = { display = "[[graphic design]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["graphical user interface"] = { aliases = {"GUI"}, display = "[[graphical user interface]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Greek mythology"] = { display = "[[Greek]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["group theory"] = { display = "[[group theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["gun mechanisms"] = { aliases = {"firearm mechanism", "firearm mechanisms", "gun mechanism"}, display = "[[firearm]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["gun sports"] = { aliases = {"shooting sports"}, display = "[[gun]] [[sport]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["gymnastics"] = { display = "[[gymnastics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["gynaecology"] = { aliases = {"gynecology"}, display = "[[gynaecology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["hair color"] = { display = "[[hair]] [[color]]", topical_categories = "Hair colors", } labels["hairdressing"] = { display = "[[hairdressing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["handball"] = { display = "[[handball]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Hawaiian mythology"] = { display = "[[Hawaiian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เครื่องสวมหัว"] = { aliases = {"headwear"}, display = "เครื่องนุ่งห่ม", topical_categories = true, } labels["healthcare"] = { display = "[[healthcare]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["helminthology"] = { display = "[[helminthology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["โลหิตวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"hematology", "haematology"}, display = "[[โลหิตวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["มุทราศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"heraldry"}, display = "[[มุทราศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["herbalism"] = { display = "[[herbalism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["herpetology"] = { display = "[[herpetology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศาสนาฮินดู"] = { aliases = {"Hinduism", "ฮินดู", "Brahmanism", "พราหมณ์", "ศาสนาพราหมณ์"}, display = "[[ศาสนาฮินดู]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Hindutva"] = { display = "[[Hindutva]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["historiography"] = { display = "[[historiography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["history"] = { display = "[[history]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["historical linguistics"] = { display = "[[historical linguistics]]", topical_categories = "Linguistics", } labels["hockey"] = { display = "[[field hockey]] or [[ice hockey]]", topical_categories = {"Field hockey", "Ice hockey"}, } labels["homeopathy"] = { display = "[[homeopathy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["horse color"] = { display = "[[horse]] [[color]]", topical_categories = "Horse colors", } labels["horse racing"] = { display = "[[horse racing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["horticulture"] = { aliases = {"gardening"}, display = "[[horticulture]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["HTML"] = { display = "[[Hypertext Markup Language|HTML]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["human resources"] = { display = "[[human resources]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["humanities"] = { display = "[[humanities]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["hunting"] = { display = "[[hunting#Noun|hunting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["hurling"] = { display = "[[hurling#Noun|hurling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["hydroacoustics"] = { Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["อุทกวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"hydrology"}, display = "[[อุทกวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ice hockey"] = { display = "[[ice hockey]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ichthyology"] = { display = "[[ichthyology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["idol fandom"] = { display = "[[idol]] [[fandom]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["immunochemistry"] = { display = "[[immunochemistry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["immunology"] = { display = "[[immunology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["import/export"] = { display = "[[import#Noun|import]]/[[export#Noun|export]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Indo-European studies"] = { aliases = {"indo-european studies"}, display = "[[Indo-European studies]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["information science"] = { display = "[[information science]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["information theory"] = { display = "[[information theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ"] = { aliases = {"information technology", "IT", "ไอที"}, display = "[[เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ]]", topical_categories = "การคอมพิวเตอร์", } labels["inheritance law"] = { display = "[[inheritance law]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["inorganic chemistry"] = { display = "[[inorganic chemistry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["insurance"] = { display = "[[insurance]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กฎหมายระหว่างประเทศ"] = { aliases = {"international law", "กฎหมายนานาชาติ"}, display = "[[กฎหมายระหว่างประเทศ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["international relations"] = { display = "[[international relations]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["international standards"] = { aliases = {"international standard", "ISO", "International Organization for Standardization", "International Organisation for Standardisation"}, Wikipedia = "International standard", } labels["อินเทอร์เน็ต"] = { aliases = {"Internet", "internet", "online", "ออนไลน์"}, display = "[[อินเทอร์เน็ต]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Iranian mythology"] = { display = "[[Iranian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Irish mythology"] = { display = "[[Irish]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศาสนาอิสลาม"] = { aliases = {"Islam", "islam", "Islamic", "อิสลาม", "Muslim", "มุสลิม"}, display = "[[ศาสนาอิสลาม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การเงินอิสลาม"] = { aliases = {"Islamic finance", "Islamic banking", "Muslim finance", "Muslim banking", "Sharia-compliant finance"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["กฎหมายอิสลาม"] = { aliases = {"Islamic law", "Islamic legal", "Sharia"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Jainism"] = { display = "[[Jainism]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["บันเทิงคดีญี่ปุ่น"] = { -- aliases = {"anime", "manga", "anime and manga", "manga and anime"}, aliases = {"Japanese fiction"}, display = "[[บันเทิงคดี]][[ญี่ปุ่น]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Japanese god"] = { display = "[[Japanese#Adjective|Japanese]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Japanese deities", } labels["Japanese mythology"] = { display = "[[Japanese#Adjective|Japanese]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Japanese pornography"] = { aliases = {"Japanese porn", "hentai", "adult anime", "erotic anime", "ero anime"}, display = "[[Japanese#Adjective|Japanese]] [[pornography]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Java programming language"] = { aliases = {"JavaPL", "Java PL"}, display = "[[w:Java (programming language)|Java programming language]]", Wikipedia = "Java (programming language)", topical_categories = true, } labels["jazz"] = { display = "[[jazz#Noun|jazz]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["jewelry"] = { aliases = {"jewellery"}, display = "[[jewelry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Jewish law"] = { aliases = {"Halacha", "Halachah", "Halakha", "Halakhah", "halacha", "halachah", "halakha", "halakhah", "Jewish Law", "jewish law"}, display = "[[Jewish]] [[law]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Germanic paganism"] = { aliases = {"Asatru", "Ásatrú", "Germanic neopaganism", "Germanic Paganism", "Heathenry", "heathenry", "Norse neopaganism", "Norse paganism"}, display = "[[Germanic#Adjective|Germanic]] [[paganism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["journalism"] = { display = "[[journalism]]", topical_categories = "Mass media", } labels["Judaism"] = { display = "[[Judaism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["judo"] = { display = "[[judo]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["juggling"] = { display = "[[juggling#Noun|juggling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["karuta"] = { display = "[[karuta]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["kendo"] = { display = "[[kendo]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["knitting"] = { display = "[[knitting#Noun|knitting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["labour"] = { aliases = {"labor", "labour movement", "labor movement"}, display = "[[labour]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["lacrosse"] = { display = "[[lacrosse]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กฎหมาย"] = { aliases = {"law", "legal", "กฎ"}, display = "[[กฎหมาย]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["law enforcement"] = { aliases = {"police", "policing"}, display = "[[law enforcement]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["leatherworking"] = { display = "[[leatherworking]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["leftism"] = { display = "[[leftism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["letterpress"] = { aliases = {"metal type", "metal typesetting"}, display = "[[letterpress]] [[typography]]", topical_categories = "การเรียงพิมพ์", } labels["ศัพทานุกรมศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"ศัพทานุกรม", "lexicography"}, display = "[[ศัพทานุกรมศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["แอลจีบีทีคิว"] = { aliases = {"แอลจีบีที", "แอลจีบีทีคิวไอเอ", "LGBT", "LGBT+", "LGBT*", "LGBTQ", "LGBTQ+", "LGBTQ*", "LGBTQIA", "LGBTQIA+", "LGBTQIA*"}, display = "[[แอลจีบีทีคิว]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["liberalism"] = { display = "[[liberalism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["บรรณารักษศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"library science"}, display = "[[บรรณารักษศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["lichenology"] = { display = "[[lichenology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["limnology"] = { display = "[[limnology]]", topical_categories = "Ecology", } labels["ลิพิด"] = { aliases = {"lipid"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["linear algebra"] = { aliases = {"vector algebra"}, display = "[[linear algebra]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["linguistic morphology"] = { display = "[[linguistic]] [[morphology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ภาษาศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"linguistics", "linguistic", "philology", "นิรุกติศาสตร์", "นิรุกติ"}, display = "[[ภาษาศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วรรณกรรม"] = { aliases = {"literature", "วรรณ", "วรรณคดี"}, display = "[[วรรณกรรม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ตรรกศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"logic", "ตรรก", "ตรรกะ", "ลอจิก"}, display = "[[ตรรกศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["logistics"] = { display = "[[logistics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["luge"] = { display = "[[luge]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["machining"] = { display = "[[machining#Noun|machining]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["machine learning"] = { aliases = {"ML"}, display = "[[machine learning]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["macroeconomics"] = { display = "[[macroeconomics]]", topical_categories = "Economics", } labels["mahjong"] = { display = "[[mahjong]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["malacology"] = { display = "[[malacology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mammalogy"] = { display = "[[mammalogy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["management"] = { display = "[[management]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["มังงะ"] = { aliases = {"manga"}, display = "[[มังงะ]]", topical_categories = "บันเทิงคดีญี่ปุ่น", } labels["manhua"] = { display = "[[manhua]]", topical_categories = "บันเทิงคดีจีน", } labels["manhwa"] = { display = "[[manhwa]]", topical_categories = "บันเทิงคดีเกาหลี", } labels["Manichaeism"] = { display = "[[Manichaeism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["manufacturing"] = { display = "[[manufacturing#Noun|manufacturing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Maoism"] = { display = "[[Maoism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["marching"] = { display = "[[marching#Noun|marching]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["marine biology"] = { aliases = {"coral science"}, display = "[[marine biology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["marketing"] = { display = "[[marketing#Noun|marketing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศิลปะการต่อสู้ป้องกันตัว"] = { aliases = {"martial arts", "martial art", "ศิลปะการป้องกันตัว", "ศิลปะการต่อสู้"}, display = "[[ศิลปะการต่อสู้ป้องกันตัว]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Marxism"] = { display = "[[Marxism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["masonry"] = { display = "[[masonry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["massage"] = { display = "[[massage]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["materials science"] = { display = "[[materials science]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mathematical analysis"] = { aliases = {"analysis"}, display = "[[mathematical analysis]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["คณิตศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"mathematics", "math", "maths", "คณิต"}, display = "[[คณิตศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["measure theory"] = { display = "[[measure theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mechanical engineering"] = { display = "[[mechanical engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mechanics"] = { display = "[[mechanics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["media"] = { display = "[[media]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mediaeval folklore"] = { aliases = {"medieval folklore"}, display = "[[mediaeval]] [[folklore]]", topical_categories = "European folklore", } labels["medical genetics"] = { display = "[[medical]] [[genetics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["medical sign"] = { display = "[[medicine]]", topical_categories = "Medical signs and symptoms", } labels["แพทยศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"medicine", "medical", "แพทย์", "การแพทย์"}, display = "[[แพทยศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Meitei god"] = { display = "[[Meitei]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Meitei deities", } labels["mental health"] = { display = "[[mental health]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Mesopotamian mythology"] = { display = "[[Mesopotamian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["metadata"] = { display = "[[metadata]]", topical_categories = "Data management", } labels["โลหวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"metallurgy"}, display = "[[โลหวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["metalworking"] = { display = "[[metalworking]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["metaphysics"] = { display = "[[metaphysics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อุตุนิยมวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"meteorology", "อุตุนิยม", "อุตุ"}, display = "[[อุตุนิยมวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Methodism"] = { aliases = {"Methodist", "methodism", "methodist"}, display = "[[Methodism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["มาตรวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"metrology", "มาตร"}, display = "[[มาตรวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["microbiology"] = { display = "[[microbiology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["microelectronics"] = { display = "[[microelectronics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["micronationalism"] = { display = "[[micronationalism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["microscopy"] = { display = "[[microscopy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["milling"] = { display = "[[milling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การทหาร"] = { aliases = {"military", "ทหาร"}, display = "[[การทหาร]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Minecraft"] = { display = "''[[Minecraft]]''", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาแร่"] = { aliases = {"mineralogy", "แร่วิทยา"}, display = "[[วิทยาแร่]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mining"] = { display = "[[mining#Noun|mining]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["molecular biology"] = { display = "[[molecular biology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ราชาธิปไตย"] = { aliases = {"monarchy"}, display = "[[ราชาธิปไตย]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["money"] = { display = "[[money]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Mormonism"] = { display = "[[Mormonism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["motorcycling"] = { aliases = {"motorcycle", "motorcycles", "motorbike"}, display = "[[motorcycling#Noun|motorcycling]]", topical_categories = "Motorcycles", } -- There are other types of racing, but 99% of the time "racing" on its own refers to motorsports labels["motor racing"] = { aliases = {"motor sport", "motorsport", "motorsports", "racing"}, display = "[[motor racing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["multiplicity"] = { display = "{{l|en|multiplicity|id=multiple personalities}}", topical_categories = "Multiplicity (psychology)", } labels["ดนตรี"] = { aliases = {"music"}, display = "[[ดนตรี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["music industry"] = { Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["musicology"] = { display = "[[musicology]]", topical_categories = "ดนตรี", } labels["mycology"] = { display = "[[mycology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mythology"] = { display = "[[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["นาโนเทคโนโลยี"] = { aliases = {"nanotechnology", "nanotech", "nano", "เทคโนโลยีนาโน", "นาโนเทค", "นาโน"}, display = "[[นาโนเทคโนโลยี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["narratology"] = { display = "[[narratology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การเดินเรือ"] = { aliases = {"nautical"}, display = "[[การเดินเรือ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["navigation"] = { display = "[[navigation]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ลัทธินาซี"] = { -- see also Neo-Nazism aliases = {"Nazism", "nazism", "Nazi", "nazi", "Nazis", "nazis", "นาซี"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["nematology"] = { display = "[[nematology]]", topical_categories = "Zoology", } labels["ลัทธินีโอ-นาซี"] = { -- Often used to indicate Nazi-used jargon; compare "white supremacist ideology" aliases = {"neo-Nazism", "Neo-Nazism", "Neo-nazism", "neo-nazism", "Neo-Nazi", "Neo-nazi", "neo-Nazi", "neo-nazi", "Neo-Nazis", "Neo-nazis", "neo-Nazis", "neo-nazis", "NeoNazism", "Neonazism", "neoNazism", "neonazism", "NeoNazi", "Neonazi", "neoNazi", "neonazi", "NeoNazis", "Neonazis", "neoNazis", "neonazis", "ลัทธินีโอนาซี", "นีโอ-นาซี", "นีโอนาซี"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["netball"] = { display = "[[netball]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["networking"] = { display = "[[networking#Noun|networking]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["neuroanatomy"] = { display = "[[neuroanatomy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["neurology"] = { display = "[[neurology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["neuroscience"] = { display = "[[neuroscience]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["neurosurgery"] = { display = "[[neurosurgery]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["หนังสือพิมพ์"] = { aliases = {"newspapers", "newspaper", "นสพ"}, display = "[[หนังสือพิมพ์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Norse god"] = { aliases = {"Norse goddess", "Norse deity"}, display = "[[Norse]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Norse deities", } labels["Norse mythology"] = { display = "[[Norse]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["nuclear energy"] = { display = "[[nuclear energy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["nuclear physics"] = { display = "[[nuclear physics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["number theory"] = { display = "[[number theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กษาปณวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"numismatics", "กษาปณ์"}, display = "[[กษาปณวิทยา]]", topical_categories = "Currency", } labels["โภชนาการ"] = { aliases = {"nutrition", "โภชนศาสตร์", "โภชนวิทยา", "โภชน์"}, display = "[[โภชนาการ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["object-oriented programming"] = { aliases = {"object-oriented", "OOP"}, display = "[[object-oriented programming]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["obstetrics"] = { aliases = {"obstetric"}, display = "[[obstetrics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["occult"] = { display = "[[occult]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["oceanography"] = { display = "[[oceanography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["oenology"] = { display = "[[oenology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["oil industry"] = { aliases = {"oil drilling"}, display = "[[w:Petroleum industry|oil industry]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["oncology"] = { display = "[[oncology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เกมออนไลน์"] = { aliases = {"online gaming", "online games", "MMO", "MMORPG", "เอ็มเอ็มโอ", "เอ็มเอ็มโออาร์พีจี"}, display = "[[เกม]][[ออนไลน์]]", topical_categories = "วิดีโอเกม", } labels["นามศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"onomastics"}, display = "[[นามศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["opera"] = { display = "[[opera]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ระบบปฏิบัติการ"] = { aliases = {"operating systems", "OS", "โอเอส"}, display = "[[ระบบปฏิบัติการ]]", topical_categories = "ซอฟต์แวร์", } labels["ophthalmology"] = { display = "[[ophthalmology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ทัศนศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"optics", "ทัศน"}, display = "[[ทัศนศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = {"ทัศนศาสตร์"}, } labels["organic chemistry"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ornithology"] = { display = "[[ornithology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["orthodontics"] = { display = "[[orthodontics]]", topical_categories = "Dentistry", } labels["orthography"] = { display = "[[orthography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["paganism"] = { aliases = {"pagan", "neopagan", "neopaganism", "neo-pagan", "neo-paganism"}, display = "[[paganism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pain"] = { display = "[[medicine]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["paintball"] = { display = "[[paintball]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["painting"] = { display = "[[painting#Noun|painting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อักขรวิทยาโบราณ"] = { aliases = {"palaeography", "paleography"}, display = "[[อักขรวิทยาโบราณ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["paleontology"] = { aliases = {"palaeontology"}, display = "[[paleontology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["palmistry"] = { display = "[[palmistry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["palynology"] = { display = "[[palynology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ปรจิตวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"parapsychology"}, display = "[[ปรจิตวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["parasitology"] = { display = "[[parasitology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["particle physics"] = { display = "[[particle physics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pasteurisation"] = { display = "[[pasteurisation]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["patent law"] = { aliases = {"patents"}, display = "[[patent#Noun|patent]] [[law]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["พยาธิวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"พยาธิ", "pathology"}, display = "[[พยาธิวิทยา]]", topical_categories = {"พยาธิวิทยา"}, } labels["pensions"] = { display = "[[pension]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["pesäpallo"] = { aliases = {"pesapallo"}, display = "[[pesäpallo]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["petrochemistry"] = { display = "[[petrochemistry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["petrology"] = { display = "[[petrology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เภสัชวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"pharmacology"}, display = "[[เภสัชวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pharmacy"] = { display = "[[pharmacy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pharyngology"] = { display = "[[pharyngology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["philately"] = { display = "[[philately]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ปรัชญา"] = { aliases = {"philosophy"}, display = "[[ปรัชญา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สัทศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"phonetics"}, display = "[[สัทศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สัทวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"phonology"}, display = "[[สัทวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การถ่ายรูป"] = { aliases = {"photography", "การถ่ายภาพ", "ถ่ายรูป", "ถ่ายภาพ"}, display = "[[การถ่ายรูป]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["phrenology"] = { display = "[[phrenology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เคมีเชิงฟิสิกส์"] = { aliases = {"physical chemistry"}, display = "[[เคมีเชิงฟิสิกส์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ฟิสิกส์"] = { aliases = {"physics"}, display = "[[ฟิสิกส์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สรีรวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"physiology", "สรีร"}, display = "[[สรีรวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["phytopathology"] = { display = "[[phytopathology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pinball"] = { display = "[[pinball]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาดาวเคราะห์"] = { aliases = {"planetology", "ดาวเคราะห์"}, display = "[[วิทยาดาวเคราะห์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["playground games"] = { aliases = {"playground game"}, display = "[[playground]] [[game]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["poetry"] = { display = "[[poetry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["โปเกมอน"] = { aliases = {"Pokémon", "Pokemon"}, display = "''[[w:โปเกมอน|โปเกมอน]]''", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["poker"] = { display = "[[poker]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["poker slang"] = { display = "[[poker]] [[slang]]", topical_categories = "Poker", } labels["political science"] = { display = "[[political science]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การเมือง"] = { aliases = {"politics", "political"}, display = "[[การเมือง]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Australian politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Australia|Australian politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Australia", topical_categories = true, } labels["Bangladeshi politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Bangladesh|Bangladeshi politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Bangladesh", topical_categories = true, } labels["Canadian politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Canada|Canadian politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Canada", topical_categories = true, } labels["European politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Europe|European politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Europe", topical_categories = true, } labels["EU politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of the European Union|EU politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of the European Union", topical_categories = true, } labels["French politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of France|French politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of France", topical_categories = true, } labels["German politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Germany|German politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Germany", topical_categories = true, } labels["Hong Kong politics"] = { aliases = {"HK politics"}, display = "[[w:Politics of Hong Kong|HK politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Hong Kong", topical_categories = true, } labels["Indian politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of India|Indian politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of India", topical_categories = true, } labels["Indonesian politics"] = { aliases = {"Indonesia politics"}, display = "[[w:Politics of Indonesia|Indonesian politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Indonesia", topical_categories = true, } labels["Irish politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of the Republic of Ireland|Irish politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of the Republic of Ireland", topical_categories = true, } labels["Malaysian politics"] = { aliases = {"Malaysia politics"}, display = "[[w:Politics of Malaysia|Malaysian politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Malaysia", topical_categories = true, } labels["New Zealand politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of New Zealand|New Zealand politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of New Zealand", topical_categories = true, } labels["Pakistani politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Pakistan|Pakistani politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Pakistan", topical_categories = true, } labels["Palestinian politics"] = { aliases = {"Palestine politics"}, display = "[[w:Politics of the Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of the Palestinian National Authority", topical_categories = true, } labels["Philippine politics"] = { aliases = {"Filipino politics"}, display = "[[w:Politics of the Philippines|Philippine politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of the Philippines", topical_categories = true, } labels["Spanish politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Spain|Spanish politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of Spain", topical_categories = true, } labels["Swiss politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of Switzerland|Swiss politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of the Switzerland", topical_categories = true, } labels["UK politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of the United Kingdom|UK politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of the United Kingdom", topical_categories = true, } labels["US politics"] = { display = "[[w:Politics of the United States|US politics]]", Wikipedia = "Politics of the United States", topical_categories = true, } labels["Philmont Scout Ranch"] = { aliases = {"Philmont"}, display = "[[w:Philmont Scout Ranch|Philmont Scout Ranch]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["สื่อลามก"] = { aliases = {"pornography", "porn", "porno", "สื่อลามกอนาจาร", "หนังผู้ใหญ่"}, display = "[[สื่อลามก]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Portuguese folklore"] = { display = "[[Portuguese#Adjective|Portuguese]] [[folklore]]", topical_categories = "European folklore", } labels["post"] = { display = "[[post#Etymology 2|post]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["potential theory"] = { display = "[[potential theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pottery"] = { display = "[[pottery]]", topical_categories = "Ceramics", } labels["pragmatics"] = { display = "[[pragmatics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การพิมพ์"] = { aliases = {"printing"}, display = "[[การพิมพ์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["probability theory"] = { display = "[[probability theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["professional wrestling"] = { aliases = {"pro wrestling"}, display = "[[professional wrestling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การเขียนโปรแกรม"] = { aliases = {"programming", "computer programming"}, display = "[[การเขียนโปรแกรม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["property law"] = { aliases = {"land law", "real estate law"}, display = "[[property law]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สัทสัมพันธ์"] = { aliases = {"prosody", "ฉันทลักษณ์"}, display = "[[สัทสัมพันธ์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Protestantism"] = { aliases = {"protestantism", "Protestant", "protestant"}, display = "[[Protestantism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pseudoscience"] = { display = "[[pseudoscience]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["psychiatry"] = { display = "[[psychiatry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["psychoanalysis"] = { display = "[[psychoanalysis]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["จิตวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"psychology"}, display = "[[จิตวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["จิตบำบัด"] = { aliases = {"psychotherapy"}, display = "[[จิตบำบัด]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["publishing"] = { display = "[[publishing#Noun|publishing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pulmonology"] = { display = "[[pulmonology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pyrotechnics"] = { display = "[[pyrotechnics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["QAnon"] = { aliases = {"Qanon"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Quakerism"] = { display = "[[Quakerism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["quantum computing"] = { display = "[[quantum computing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["quantum mechanics"] = { aliases = {"quantum physics"}, display = "[[quantum mechanics]]", topical_categories = true, } -- TODO: What kind of topic is "radiation"? Is it specific kinds of radiation? That would be a set-type category. labels["radiation"] = { display = "[[physics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["radio"] = { display = "[[radio]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Raëlism"] = { display = "[[Raëlism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rail transport"] = { aliases = {"rail", "railroading", "railroads"}, display = "[[rail transport]]", topical_categories = "Rail transportation", } labels["Rastafari"] = { aliases = {"Rasta", "rasta", "Rastafarian", "rastafarian", "Rastafarianism"}, display = "[[Rastafari]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["real estate"] = { display = "[[real estate]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["real tennis"] = { display = "[[real tennis]]", topical_categories = "Tennis", } labels["recreational mathematics"] = { display = "[[recreational mathematics]]", topical_categories = "Mathematics", } labels["Reddit"] = { display = "[[Reddit]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["regular expressions"] = { aliases = {"regex"}, display = "[[regular expression]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["relativity"] = { display = "[[relativity]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศาสนา"] = { aliases = {"religion", "ศาสนศาสตร์", "ศาสน"}, display = "[[ศาสนา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rhetoric"] = { display = "[[rhetoric]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["road transport"] = { aliases = {"roads"}, display = "[[w:road transport|road transport]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาการหุ่นยนต์"] = { aliases = {"robotics"}, display = "[[วิทยาการหุ่นยนต์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rock paper scissors"] = { topical_categories = true, } labels["roleplaying games"] = { aliases = {"role playing games", "role-playing games", "RPG", "RPGs"}, display = "[[roleplaying game]]s", topical_categories = "Role-playing games", } labels["roller derby"] = { display = "[[roller derby]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Roman Catholicism"] = { aliases = {"Roman Catholic", "Roman Catholic Church"}, display = "[[Roman Catholicism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Roman Empire"] = { display = "[[Roman Empire]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Roman mythology"] = { display = "[[Roman]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Roman numerals"] = { display = "[[Roman numeral]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["roofing"] = { display = "[[roofing#Noun|roofing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rosiculture"] = { display = "[[rosiculture]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rowing"] = { display = "[[rowing#Noun|rowing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Rubik's Cube"] = { aliases = {"Rubik's cubes"}, display = "[[Rubik's Cube]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rugby"] = { display = "[[rugby]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rugby league"] = { display = "[[rugby league]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rugby union"] = { display = "[[rugby union]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sailing"] = { display = "[[sailing#Noun|sailing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["บันเทิงคดีแนววิทยาศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"science fiction", "scifi", "sci fi", "sci-fi", "นิยายวิทยาศาสตร์", "นิยายไซไฟ", "นิยายไซ-ไฟ", "ไซไฟ", "ไซ-ไฟ"}, display = "[[บันเทิงคดีแนววิทยาศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"sciences", "science", "scientific", "วิทย์", "วิทยา"}, display = "[[วิทยาศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Scientology"] = { display = "[[Scientology]]", topical_categories = true, } -- Note: this is the usual term, not "Scottish law". labels["Scots law"] = { aliases = {"Scottish law", "Scotland law", "Scots Law", "Scottish Law", "Scotland Law"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Scouting"] = { aliases = {"scouting"}, display = "[[scouting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Scrabble"] = { display = "''[[Scrabble]]''", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["scrapbooks"] = { display = "[[scrapbook]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["sculpture"] = { display = "[[sculpture]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["seduction community"] = { aliases = {"pickup artist", "pickup artists", "pickup artistry", "pickup community"}, display = "[[w:Seduction community|seduction community]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาแผ่นดินไหว"] = { aliases = {"seismology"}, display = "[[วิทยาแผ่นดินไหว]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["semantics"] = { display = "[[semantics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["semiotics"] = { display = "[[semiotics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["semiconductors"] = { display = "[[semiconductor]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["set theory"] = { display = "[[set theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sewing"] = { display = "[[sewing#Noun|sewing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sex"] = { display = "[[sex]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sexology"] = { display = "[[sexology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sex position"] = { display = "[[sex]]", topical_categories = "Sex positions", } labels["เพศวิถี"] = { aliases = {"sexuality"}, display = "[[เพศวิถี]]", topical_categories = {"เพศวิถี"}, } labels["Shaivism"] = { display = "[[Shaivism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["shamanism"] = { aliases = {"Shamanism"}, display = "[[shamanism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Shi'ism"] = { aliases = {"Shia", "Shi'ite", "Shi'i"}, display = "[[Shia Islam]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Shinto"] = { display = "[[Shinto]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ship parts"] = { display = "[[การเดินเรือ]]", topical_categories = "Ship parts", } labels["shipping"] = { display = "[[shipping#Noun|shipping]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["shoemaking"] = { display = "[[shoemaking]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["shogi"] = { display = "[[shogi]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["signal processing"] = { display = "[[w:Signal processing|signal processing]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Sikhism"] = { display = "[[Sikhism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["singing"] = { display = "[[singing#Noun|singing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["skateboarding"] = { display = "[[skateboarding#Noun|skateboarding]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["skating"] = { display = "[[skating#Noun|skating]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["skiing"] = { display = "[[skiing#Noun|skiing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["skydiving"] = { display = "[[skydiving#Noun|skydiving]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Slavic god"] = { display = "[[Slavic]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Slavic deities", } labels["Slavic mythology"] = { display = "[[Slavic]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["smoking"] = { display = "[[smoking#Noun|smoking]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["snooker"] = { display = "[[snooker#Noun|snooker]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["snowboarding"] = { display = "[[snowboarding#Noun|snowboarding]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ซอกเกอร์"] = { aliases = {"ฟุตบอล", "soccer", "football", "association football"}, display = "[[ซอกเกอร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สังคมศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"social sciences", "social science", "สังคม"}, display = "[[สังคมศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["socialism"] = { display = "[[socialism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["social media"] = { display = "[[social media]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ภาษาศาสตร์สังคม"] = { aliases = {"sociolinguistics"}, display = "[[ภาษาศาสตร์สังคม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สังคมวิทยา"] = { aliases = {"sociology"}, display = "[[สังคมวิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["softball"] = { display = "[[softball]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ซอฟต์แวร์"] = { aliases = {"software"}, display = "[[ซอฟต์แวร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["software architecture"] = { display = "[[software architecture]]", topical_categories = {"Software engineering", "การเขียนโปรแกรม"}, } labels["software engineering"] = { aliases = {"software development"}, display = "[[software engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["soil science"] = { display = "[[soil science]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sound"] = { display = "[[sound#Noun|sound]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sound engineering"] = { display = "[[sound engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["South Korean idol fandom"] = { display = "[[South Korean]] [[idol]] [[fandom]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["South Park"] = { display = "''[[w:South Park|South Park]]''", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Soviet Union"] = { aliases = {"USSR"}, display = "[[Soviet Union]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["space flight"] = { aliases = {"spaceflight", "space travel"}, display = "[[space flight]]", topical_categories = "Space", } labels["space science"] = { aliases = {"space"}, display = "[[space science]]", topical_categories = "Space", } labels["spectroscopy"] = { display = "[[spectroscopy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["speedrunning"] = { aliases = {"speedrun", "speedruns"}, display = "[[speedrunning]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["spinning"] = { display = "[[spinning]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["spiritualism"] = { display = "[[spiritualism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["กีฬา"] = { aliases = {"sports", "sport"}, display = "[[กีฬา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["square dancing"] = { aliases = {"square dance"}, display = "[[square dancing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["squash"] = { display = "[[w:squash (sport)|squash]]", Wikipedia = "Squash (sport)", topical_categories = true, } labels["statistical mechanics"] = { display = "[[statistical mechanics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สถิติศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"statistics", "สถิติ"}, display = "[[สถิติศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Star Wars"] = { display = "''[[Star Wars]]''", topical_categories = true, } labels["stock market"] = { display = "[[stock market]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["stock ticker symbol"] = { aliases = {"stock symbol"}, display = "[[stock ticker symbol]]", topical_categories = "Stock symbols for companies", } labels["subculture"] = { display = "[[subculture]]", topical_categories = "Culture", } labels["Sufism"] = { aliases = {"Sufi Islam"}, display = "[[w:Sufism|Sufism]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["sumo"] = { display = "[[sumo]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["supply chain"] = { display = "[[supply chain]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["surfing"] = { display = "[[surfing#Noun|surfing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["surgery"] = { display = "[[surgery]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["surveying"] = { display = "[[surveying#Noun|surveying]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["sushi"] = { display = "[[sushi]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["swimming"] = { display = "[[swimming#Noun|swimming]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["swords"] = { display = "[[sword]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["systematics"] = { display = "[[systematics]]", topical_categories = "Taxonomy", } labels["systems engineering"] = { display = "[[systems engineering]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["systems theory"] = { display = "[[systems theory]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["table tennis"] = { display = "[[table tennis]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ศาสนาเต๋า"] = { aliases = {"Taoism", "Daoism", "เต๋า"}, display = "[[ศาสนาเต๋า]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["tarot"] = { display = "[[tarot]]", topical_categories = "Cartomancy", } labels["ภาษีอากร"] = { aliases = {"taxation", "tax", "taxes", "ภาษี", "อากร"}, display = "[[ภาษีอากร]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["อนุกรมวิธาน"] = { aliases = {"taxonomy"}, display = "[[อนุกรมวิธาน]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เทคโนโลยี"] = { aliases = {"technology"}, display = "[[เทคโนโลยี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["telecommunications"] = { aliases = {"telecommunication", "telecom"}, display = "[[telecommunications]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["telegraphy"] = { display = "[[telegraphy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["telephony"] = { aliases = {"telephone", "telephones"}, display = "[[telephony]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["television"] = { aliases = {"TV"}, display = "[[television]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Tumblr aesthetic"] = { display = "[[Tumblr]] aesthetic", topical_categories = "Aesthetics", } labels["tennis"] = { display = "[[tennis]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["teratology"] = { display = "[[teratology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Tetris"] = { display = "[[Tetris]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["textiles"] = { display = "[[textiles]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["theater"] = { aliases = {"theatre"}, display = "[[theater]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["theology"] = { display = "[[theology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["thermodynamics"] = { display = "[[thermodynamics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Tibetan Buddhism"] = { display = "[[Tibetan Buddhism]]", topical_categories = "ศาสนาพุทธ", } labels["tiddlywinks"] = { display = "[[tiddlywinks]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["TikTok aesthetic"] = { display = "[[TikTok]] aesthetic", topical_categories = "Aesthetics", } labels["เวลา"] = { aliases = {"time"}, display = "[[เวลา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["topology"] = { display = "[[topology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["tort law"] = { display = "[[tort law]]", topical_categories = "Law", } labels["tourism"] = { display = "[[tourism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["toxicology"] = { display = "[[toxicology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["trading"] = { display = "[[trading#Noun|trading]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["trading cards"] = { display = "[[trading card]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["traditional Chinese medicine"] = { aliases = {"TCM", "Chinese medicine"}, display = "[[traditional Chinese medicine]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["traditional Korean medicine"] = { aliases = {"Korean medicine"}, display = "{{w|traditional Korean medicine}}", topical_categories = true, } labels["transgender"] = { display = "[[transgender]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["translation studies"] = { display = "[[translation studies]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["transport"] = { aliases = {"transportation"}, display = "[[transport]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["traumatology"] = { display = "[[traumatology]]", topical_categories = "Emergency medicine", } labels["travel"] = { display = "[[travel]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["trigonometry"] = { display = "[[trigonometry]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["trigonometric function"] = { display = "[[trigonometry]]", topical_categories = "Trigonometric functions", } labels["trust law"] = { display = "[[trust law]]", topical_categories = "Law", } labels["two-up"] = { display = "[[two-up]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Twitter"] = { aliases = {"twitter"}, display = "[[Twitter#Proper noun|Twitter]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["การเรียงพิมพ์"] = { aliases = {"การจัดตัวอักษร", "typography", "typesetting"}, display = "[[การเรียงพิมพ์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ufology"] = { display = "[[ufology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["underwater diving"] = { aliases = {"scuba", "scuba diving"}, display = "[[underwater]] [[diving#Noun|diving]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สหประชาชาติ"] = { aliases = {"United Nations", "UN", "ยูเอ็น"}, display = "[[สหประชาชาติ]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["ยูนิโคด"] = { aliases = {"Unicode", "Unicode standard"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["urban studies"] = { aliases = {"urbanism", "urban planning"}, display = "[[urban studies]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["urology"] = { display = "[[urology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Vaishnavism"] = { display = "[[Vaishnavism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Valentinianism"] = { aliases = {"valentinianism"}, display = "[[w:Valentinianism|Valentinianism]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["Vedic religion"] = { aliases = {"Vedic Hinduism", "Ancient Hinduism", "ancient Hinduism", "Vedism", "Vedicism"}, display = "[[w:Historical Vedic religion|Vedic religion]]", Wikipedia = "Historical Vedic religion", topical_categories = true, } labels["ผัก"] = { aliases = {"vegetable", "vegetables"}, display = "[[ผัก]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["vehicles"] = { aliases = {"vehicle"}, display = "[[vehicle]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["สัตวแพทยศาสตร์"] = { aliases = {"veterinary medicine", "vet", "สัตวแพทย์"}, display = "[[สัตวแพทยศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["video compression"] = { display = "[[w:Video compression|video compression]]", Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = true, } labels["วิดีโอเกม"] = { aliases = {"video games", "video game", "video gaming"}, display = "[[วิดีโอเกม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["วิทยาไวรัส"] = { aliases = {"virology", "ไวรัสวิทยา"}, display = "[[วิทยาไวรัส]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ไวรัส"] = { aliases = {"virus"}, display = "[[วิทยาไวรัส]]", topical_categories = "ไวรัส", } labels["viticulture"] = { display = "[[viticulture]]", topical_categories = {"Horticulture", "Wine"}, } labels["วิทยาภูเขาไฟ"] = { aliases = {"volcanology", "vulcanology", "ภูเขาไฟ"}, display = "[[วิทยาภูเขาไฟ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["volleyball"] = { display = "[[volleyball]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["voodoo"] = { display = "[[voodoo]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["water sports"] = { aliases = {"watersport", "watersports", "water sport"}, display = "[[watersport|water sports]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["weather"] = { topical_categories = true, } labels["weaving"] = { display = "[[weaving#Noun|weaving]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["web design"] = { display = "[[web design]]", topical_categories = true, aliases = {"Web design"} } labels["web development"] = { display = "[[web development]]", topical_categories = {"การเขียนโปรแกรม", "Web design"}, } labels["weightlifting"] = { display = "[[weightlifting]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["white supremacy"] = { -- Often used to indicate Nazi-used jargon; compare "neo-Nazism" aliases = {"white nationalism", "white nationalist", "white power", "white racism", "white supremacist ideology", "white supremacism", "white supremacist"}, Wikipedia = true, topical_categories = "White supremacist ideology", } labels["ไวน์"] = { aliases = {"wine"}, display = "[[ไวน์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["winemaking"] = { display = "[[winemaking]]", topical_categories = "Wine", } labels["woodworking"] = { display = "[[woodworking]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สงครามโลกครั้งที่หนึ่ง"] = { aliases = {"World War I", "World War 1", "WWI", "WW I", "WW1", "WW 1"}, Wikipedia = "สงครามโลกครั้งที่หนึ่ง", topical_categories = true, } labels["สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง"] = { aliases = {"World War II", "World War 2", "WWII", "WW II", "WW2", "WW 2"}, Wikipedia = "สงครามโลกครั้งที่สอง", topical_categories = true, } labels["winter sports"] = { display = "[[winter sport]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["wrestling"] = { display = "[[wrestling#Noun|wrestling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["writing"] = { display = "[[writing#Noun|writing]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Yazidism"] = { aliases = {"Yezidism"}, display = "[[Yazidism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["yoga"] = { display = "[[yoga]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["สัตววิทยา"] = { aliases = {"zoology"}, display = "[[สัตววิทยา]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["zootomy"] = { display = "[[zootomy]]", topical_categories = "Animal body parts", } labels["Zoroastrianism"] = { display = "[[Zoroastrianism]]", topical_categories = true, } -- Labels with set-type categories -- TODO: These are probably misuses of the label template, and should be deprecated labels["กรดอะมิโน"] = { aliases = {"amino acid"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["architectural element"] = { aliases = {"architectural elements"}, display = "[[architecture]]", topical_categories = "Architectural elements", } labels["งานศิลปะ"] = { aliases = {"artistic work", "งานศิลป์", "งานศิลปกรรม"}, display = "[[ศิลปะ]]", topical_categories = "งานศิลปะ", } labels["asterism"] = { display = "[[uranography]]", topical_categories = "Asterisms", } labels["biblical character"] = { aliases = {"Biblical character", "biblical figure", "Biblical figure"}, display = "[[Bible|biblical]]", topical_categories = "Biblical characters", } labels["bibliography"] = { display = "[[bibliography]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["bicycle parts"] = { display = "[[w:List of bicycle parts|cycling]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["book of the bible"] = { display = "[[Bible|biblical]]", topical_categories = "Books of the Bible", } labels["brass instruments"] = { aliases = {"brass instrument"}, display = "[[music]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["canid"] = { display = "[[zoology]]", topical_categories = "Canids", } labels["คาร์โบไฮเดรต"] = { aliases = {"carbohydrate"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["carboxylic acid"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Carboxylic acids", } labels["โคเอนไซม์"] = { aliases = {"coenzyme"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["conspiracy theories"] = { aliases = {"conspiracy theory", "conspiracy"}, display = "[[conspiracy theory#Noun|conspiracy theories]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["constellation"] = { display = "[[astronomy]]", topical_categories = "Constellations", } labels["cookware"] = { aliases = {"bakeware"}, display = "[[cooking#Noun|cooking]]", topical_categories = "Cookware and bakeware", } labels["copyright license"] = { aliases = {"copyright licenses", "license", "copyright licence", "copyright licences", "licence"}, display = "[[w:Copyright license|copyright law]]", topical_categories = "Copyright licenses", } labels["currencies"] = { -- Do not merge with "numismatics", as the category is different. aliases = {"currency"}, display = "[[numismatics]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["dances"] = { display = "[[dance#Noun|dance]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ประชานาม"] = { aliases = {"demonym"}, display = "[[ประชานาม]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["disease"] = { aliases = {"diseases"}, display = "[[pathology]]", topical_categories = "Diseases", } labels["E number"] = { display = "[[food]] [[manufacture]]", plain_categories = "European food additive numbers", } labels["Egyptian god"] = { display = "[[Egyptian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Egyptian deities", } -- Compare "systematic element symbol" and "obsolete element symbol" labels["element symbol"] = { display = "[[chemistry]]", plain_categories = "Symbols for chemical elements", } labels["เอนไซม์"] = { aliases = {"enzyme"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["fatty acid"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Fatty acids", } labels["felid"] = { aliases = {"cat"}, display = "[[zoology]]", topical_categories = "Felids", } labels["ตัวละครในบันเทิงคดี"] = { aliases = {"fictional character"}, display = "[[บันเทิงคดี]]", topical_categories = "ตัวละครในบันเทิงคดี", } labels["figure of speech"] = { display = "[[rhetoric]]", topical_categories = "Figures of speech", } labels["fish"] = { display = "[[zoology]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["เครื่องสวมเท้า"] = { aliases = {"footwear"}, display = "[[เครื่องสวมเท้า]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["functional group prefix"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Functional group prefixes", } labels["functional group suffix"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Functional group suffixes", } labels["functional programming"] = { display = "[[functional programming]]", topical_categories = "การเขียนโปรแกรม", } labels["galaxy"] = { display = "[[astronomy]]", topical_categories = "Galaxies", } labels["genetic disorder"] = { display = "[[medical]] [[genetics]]", topical_categories = "Genetic disorders", } labels["gender critical"] = { aliases = {"gender-critical", "gender critical feminism", "gender-critical feminism", "GC", "GCF", "trans-exclusionary radical feminism", "TERF", "TERFism"}, display = "[[gender-critical#Adjective|gender critical]]", Wikipedia = "Gender-critical feminism", topical_categories = "Gender-critical feminism", } labels["Greek god"] = { aliases = {"Greek goddess"}, display = "[[Greek]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Greek deities", } labels["hand games"] = { aliases = {"hand game"}, display = "[[hand]] [[game]]s", topical_categories = true, } labels["heraldic charge"] = { aliases = {"heraldiccharge"}, display = "[[มุทราศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = "Heraldic charges", } labels["Hindu god"] = { display = "[[Hinduism]]", topical_categories = "Hindu deities", } labels["historical currencies"] = { aliases = {"historical currency"}, display = "[[numismatics]]", sense_categories = "historical", topical_categories = "Historical currencies", } labels["historical period"] = { aliases = {"historical periods"}, display = "[[history]]", topical_categories = "Historical periods", } labels["ฮอร์โมน"] = { aliases = {"hormone"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["hydrocarbon chain prefix"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Hydrocarbon chain prefixes", } labels["hydrocarbon chain suffix"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Hydrocarbon chain suffixes", } labels["incoterm"] = { display = "[[Incoterm]]", topical_categories = "Incoterms", } labels["inorganic compound"] = { display = "[[inorganic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Inorganic compounds", } labels["isotope"] = { display = "[[physics]]", topical_categories = "Isotopes", } labels["labour law"] = { display = "[[labour law]]", topical_categories = "Law", } labels["ธรณีสัณฐาน"] = { aliases = {"landform", "landforms"}, display = "[[ภูมิศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["logical fallacy"] = { display = "[[rhetoric]]", topical_categories = "Logical fallacies", } labels["lutherie"] = { display = "[[lutherie]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["Mesopotamian god"] = { display = "[[Mesopotamian]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Mesopotamian deities", } labels["metamaterial"] = { display = "[[physics]]", topical_categories = "Metamaterials", } labels["military ranks"] = { aliases = {"military rank"}, display = "[[military]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["military unit"] = { display = "[[military]]", topical_categories = "Military units", } labels["แร่"] = { aliases = {"mineral"}, display = "[[วิทยาแร่]]", topical_categories = "แร่", } labels["mobile phones"] = { aliases = {"cell phone", "cell phones", "mobile phone", "mobile telephony"}, display = "[[mobile telephone|mobile telephony]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["muscle"] = { display = "[[anatomy]]", topical_categories = "Muscles", } labels["mushroom"] = { aliases = {"mushrooms"}, display = "[[mycology]]", topical_categories = "Mushrooms", } labels["เครื่องดนตรี"] = { aliases = {"musical instruments", "musical instrument"}, display = "[[ดนตรี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ประเภทดนตรี"] = { aliases = {"music genre"}, display = "[[ดนตรี]]", topical_categories = "ประเภทดนตรี", } labels["musician"] = { display = "[[music]]", topical_categories = "Musicians", } labels["mysticism"] = { display = "[[mysticism]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["mythological creature"] = { aliases = {"mythological creatures"}, display = "[[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Mythological creatures", } labels["neurotoxin"] = { display = "[[neurotoxicology]]", topical_categories = "Neurotoxins", } labels["สารสื่อประสาท"] = { aliases = {"neurotransmitter"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["obsolete element symbol"] = { display = "[[chemistry]], [[obsolete]]", plain_categories = "Obsolete symbols for chemical elements", } labels["organic compound"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Organic compounds", } labels["part of speech"] = { display = "[[grammar]]", topical_categories = "Parts of speech", } labels["particle"] = { display = "[[physics]]", topical_categories = "Subatomic particles", } labels["percussion instruments"] = { aliases = {"percussion instrument"}, display = "[[music]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["pharmaceutical drug"] = { display = "[[pharmacology]]", topical_categories = "Pharmaceutical drugs", } labels["pharmaceutical effect"] = { display = "[[pharmacology]]", topical_categories = "Pharmaceutical effects", } labels["พืช"] = { aliases = {"plant"}, display = "[[พฤกษศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["plant disease"] = { display = "[[phytopathology]]", topical_categories = "Plant diseases", } labels["พิษ"] = { aliases = {"poison", "poisons"}, display = "[[พิษ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["political subdivision"] = { display = "[[government]]", topical_categories = "Political subdivisions", } labels["โปรตีน"] = { aliases = {"protein", "proteins"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["rock"] = { display = "[[petrology]]", topical_categories = "Rocks", } labels["Roman god"] = { aliases = {"Roman goddess"}, display = "[[Roman]] [[mythology]]", topical_categories = "Roman deities", } labels["schools"] = { display = "[[education]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["self-harm"] = { aliases = {"selfharm", "self harm", "self-harm community"}, display = "[[self-harm]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["SEO"] = { display = "[[search engine optimization|SEO]]", topical_categories = {"Internet", "Marketing"}, } labels["skeleton"] = { display = "[[anatomy]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["standard of identity"] = { display = "[[standard of identity|standards of identity]]", topical_categories = "Standards of identity", } labels["star"] = { display = "[[astronomy]]", topical_categories = "Stars", } labels["สเตอรอยด์"] = { aliases = {"steroid", "สเตียรอยด์"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["ฮอร์โมนสเตอรอยด์"] = { aliases = {"steroid hormone", "steroid drug", "ฮอร์โมนสเตียรอยด์", "ยาสเตอรอยด์", "ยาสเตียรอยด์"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]], [[สเตอรอยด์]]", topical_categories = "ฮอร์โมน", } labels["string instruments"] = { aliases = {"string instrument"}, display = "[[music]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["surface feature"] = { display = "[[วิทยาดาวเคราะห์]]", topical_categories = "Planetary nomenclature", } labels["sugar acid"] = { display = "[[organic chemistry]]", topical_categories = "Sugar acids", } labels["symptom"] = { display = "[[medicine]]", topical_categories = "Medical signs and symptoms", } labels["systematic element symbol"] = { display = "[[chemistry]]", plain_categories = "Systematic chemical symbols", } labels["taxonomic name"] = { display = "[[taxonomy]]", topical_categories = "Taxonomic names", } labels["tincture"] = { display = "[[มุทราศาสตร์]]", topical_categories = "Heraldic tinctures", } labels["veterinary disease"] = { display = "[[veterinary medicine]]", topical_categories = "Veterinary diseases", } labels["ประเภทวิดีโอเกม"] = { aliases = {"video game genre"}, display = "[[วิดีโอเกม]]", topical_categories = "ประเภทวิดีโอเกม", } labels["วิตามิน"] = { aliases = {"vitamin", "ไวตามิน"}, display = "[[ชีวเคมี]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["นาวายาน"] = { aliases = {"เรือ", "watercraft"}, display = "[[การเดินเรือ]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["weaponry"] = { aliases = {"weapon", "weapons"}, display = "[[weaponry]]", topical_categories = "Weapons", } labels["Wicca"] = { display = "[[Wicca]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["wiki jargon"] = { aliases = {"wiki"}, display = "[[wiki]] [[jargon]]", topical_categories = "Wiki", } labels["Wikimedia jargon"] = { aliases = {"WMF", "WMF jargon", "Wiktionary", "Wiktionary jargon", "Wikipedia", "Wikipedia jargon"}, display = "[[w:Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia]] [[jargon]]", topical_categories = "Wikimedia", } labels["wind instruments"] = { aliases = {"wind instrument"}, display = "[[music]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["woodwind instruments"] = { aliases = {"woodwind instrument"}, display = "[[music]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["xiangqi"] = { aliases = {"Chinese chess"}, display = "[[xiangqi]]", topical_categories = true, } labels["yoga pose"] = { aliases = {"asana"}, display = "[[yoga]]", topical_categories = "Yoga poses", } labels["zodiac constellations"] = { display = "[[astronomy]]", topical_categories = "Constellations in the zodiac", } -- Deprecated/do not use warning (ambiguous, unsuitable etc) labels["deprecated label"] = { aliases = {"emergency", "greekmyth", "industry", "morphology", "musici", "quantum", "vector"}, display = "<span style=\"color:red;\"><b>deprecated label</b></span>", deprecated = true, } return require("Module:labels").finalize_data(labels) rv1jzrnhv44krtliy6khnpwecy5cvg5 0 262964 5714255 1916132 2026-03-30T09:56:24Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714255 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเวียดนาม == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-propn|head=[[hy|Hy]] [[lạp|Lạp]]}} # {{vi-alternative spelling of|Hi Lạp}}: {{tcl|vi|กรีซ|id=Q41}} 5jjf5itmuxif74stj12uc6etrxggwk3 5714256 5714255 2026-03-30T09:56:54Z Octahedron80 267 5714256 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเวียดนาม == === การออกเสียง === {{vi-pron}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-propn|head=[[hy|Hy]] [[lạp|Lạp]]}} # {{vi-alternative spelling of|Hi Lạp}}: {{tcl|vi|กรีซ|id=Q41}} j6stpqqyzrgz9q9pm5apvnrxzbcvzqi 0 262972 5714339 1916129 2026-03-30T11:14:10Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเวียดนาม */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714339 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเวียดนาม == === รากศัพท์ === {{vi-etym-sino|高綿}}, รูปแบบอื่นของ {{zh-l|高棉}} === การออกเสียง === {{vi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-propn|head=[[cao|Cao]] [[miên|Miên]]}} # {{lb|vi|dated}} {{tcl|vi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{vi-l|Cam Bốt}} * {{vi-l|Chân Lạp}} * {{vi-l|Cao Man}} * {{vi-l|Campuchia}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|blt|ꪀꪱꪫꪹꪢꪸꪙ}} {{c|vi|Nicknames for countries}} choospv4wa3mvpbbi6yyk1xo5g3wjsr 10 263644 5713859 1573508 2026-03-30T02:21:45Z Octahedron80 267 5713859 sanitized-css text/css .character-sample { display: inline-block; min-width: 1em; font-size: 300%; text-align: center; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); /* fallback */ background: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.15); } .character-sample > :only-child { display: block; } .character-sample-primary { display: inline-table; min-width: 1.1em; font-size: 300%; line-height: 110%; text-align: center; background: rgb(0, 0, 0); /* fallback */ background: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.15); height: 1.1em; } .character-sample-secondary { display: inline-block; min-width: 1em; text-align: center; } mvorztor75pjnulb646i4py0hzy8f5w 0 268441 5713923 5645506 2026-03-30T03:51:02Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713923 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === รากศัพท์ === การทำให้เป็นคำนามของ {{m|de|freiwillig||สมัครใจ}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|de|[ˈfʁaɪ̯ˌvɪlɪɡə]}} * {{audio|de|De-Freiwillige.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} * {{hyphenation|de|Frei|wil|li|ge}} === คำนาม === {{de-noun|+|m=+}} # {{female equivalent of|de|Freiwilliger}}: [[อาสาสมัคร]][[หญิง]] ==== การผันรูป ==== {{de-ndecl|+}} === คำนาม === {{head|de|รูปนาม|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Freiwilliger||str|nom//acc|p|;|wk|nom|s}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} lnpbwigargihlnp80pzxue2encnmsj4 0 269496 5713926 2185259 2026-03-30T03:52:27Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|de|De-at-Tomaten.ogg|a=Austria}} * {{audio|de|De-Tomaten.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} * {{rhymes|de|aːtn̩|s=3}} === คำนาม === {{head|de|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|de|Tomate}} p8efffmeny608x7xveji11q7a9lzycj 0 270922 5713922 2182308 2026-03-30T03:49:55Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|de|/eleˈfantn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-Elefanten.ogg}} * {{audio|de|De-Elefanten2.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} * {{hyphenation|de|Ele|fan|ten}} * {{rhyme|de|antən|s=4}} === คำนาม === {{head|de|รูปนาม|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Elefant||nom|gen|dat|acc|p}} # {{inflection of|de|Elefant||gen|dat|acc|s}} bdp30ji3k8nbfnxsvxvvi9ec2u6jlos 0 283262 5714110 1997749 2026-03-30T04:41:24Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาฝรั่งเศส */ เก็บกวาด 5714110 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|fr|fro|tard}}, {{m|fro|tart}}, จาก{{inh|fr|la|tarde}} === การออกเสียง === * {{fr-IPA|a=France}} ** {{audio|fr|Fr-tard.ogg}} * {{IPA|fr|/tɑːʁ/|a=Quebec,formal}} * {{IPA|fr|/tɑɔ̯ʁ̥/|a=Quebec,Gaspésie,informal}} ** {{audio|fr|FR-Tard (Gaspésie).ogg}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-tard.wav|a=<<Switzerland>> (<<Valais>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-tard.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Paris>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-tard.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Vosges>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-tard.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Lyon>>)}} * {{rhymes|fr|aʁ|s=1}} === คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ === {{fr-adv}} # [[สาย]] #: {{ant|fr|tôt}} #* {{quote-text|fr|year=2018|author=Zaz|title=Plume |passage=Je ne pense qu'à aujourd'hui. C'est trop '''tard''' pour hier.|t=I'm thinking only of today. It's too '''late''' for yesterday.}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|fr |à plus tard |au plus tard |couche-tard |mieux vaut tard que jamais |sur le tard |tôt ou tard }} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col3|fr |attardé |attarder |retard |retarder |tarder |tardif }} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:fr:TLFi}} g4p7k363u6g1x8kk6m0yddpkvuesjfn 5714111 5714110 2026-03-30T04:42:16Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ */ 5714111 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|fr|fro|tard}}, {{m|fro|tart}}, จาก{{inh|fr|la|tarde}} === การออกเสียง === * {{fr-IPA|a=France}} ** {{audio|fr|Fr-tard.ogg}} * {{IPA|fr|/tɑːʁ/|a=Quebec,formal}} * {{IPA|fr|/tɑɔ̯ʁ̥/|a=Quebec,Gaspésie,informal}} ** {{audio|fr|FR-Tard (Gaspésie).ogg}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-tard.wav|a=<<Switzerland>> (<<Valais>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-tard.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Paris>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-tard.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Vosges>>)}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-tard.wav|a=<<France>> (<<Lyon>>)}} * {{rhymes|fr|aʁ|s=1}} === คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ === {{fr-adv}} # [[สาย]], [[หลัง]] #: {{ant|fr|tôt}} #* {{quote-text|fr|year=2018|author=Zaz|title=Plume |passage=Je ne pense qu'à aujourd'hui. C'est trop '''tard''' pour hier.|t=I'm thinking only of today. It's too '''late''' for yesterday.}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|fr |à plus tard |au plus tard |couche-tard |mieux vaut tard que jamais |sur le tard |tôt ou tard }} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col3|fr |attardé |attarder |retard |retarder |tarder |tardif }} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:fr:TLFi}} rgl920tcsbhaaw16skn2o6398rzxs6e 828 283922 5714216 5632918 2026-03-30T08:36:24Z Octahedron80 267 5714216 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local force_cat = false -- set to true for testing local m_placetypes = require("Module:place/placetypes") local m_links = require("Module:links") local memoize = require("Module:memoize") local m_strutils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local en_utilities_module = "Module:en-utilities" local form_of_module = "Module:form of" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local parse_interface_module = "Module:parse interface" local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local parameter_utilities_module = "Module:parameter utilities" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local enlang = require(languages_module).getByCode("en") local rmatch = m_strutils.match local rfind = m_strutils.find local ulen = m_strutils.len local split = m_strutils.split local dump = mw.dumpObject local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local pluralize = require(en_utilities_module).pluralize local extend = m_table.extend local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local internal_error = m_placetypes.internal_error local process_error = m_placetypes.process_error local placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data --[==[ intro: ===Introduction=== This module implements {{tl|place}}, which is a template for standardizing the description and categorization of toponyms (terms that refer to locations such as cities, countries, rivers, etc.). The following modules support this template: * [[Module:place]]: The main module. * [[Module:place/placetypes]]: A module containing data on placetypes, as well as utilities for working with placetypes; category generation handlers for adding categories based on placetypes; and display handlers for displaying holonyms (i.e. containing locations) of a specific type. FIXME: Maybe split out the code from the data. * [[Module:place/locations]]: A module containing data on known locations, as well as utilities for working with such locations. FIXME: Maybe split out the code from the data. * [[Module:category tree/topic/Places]]: A category tree module for generating the descriptions of all categories generated by {{tl|place}}. * [[Module:place doc]]: A module that generates documentation tables describing known placetypes and locations. ===Basic terminology=== The basic terminology used in this and associated {{tl|place}} modules is: * A ''location'' (or equivalently, a ''place'') is any geographic feature (either natural or geopolitical), either on the surface of the Earth or elsewhere. Examples of types of natural places are rivers, mountains, seas and moons; examples of types of geopolitical places are cities, countries, neighborhoods and roads. A ''known location'' is specifically a location whose properties are specified in the {{tl|place}} modules; more on them below. * Specific places are identified by names, referred to as ''toponyms'' or ''placenames''. A given place will often have multiple names, and a given toponym may be ambiguous, referring to multiple possible locations. Specifically: ** There may be names including different amounts of disambiguating information (`Tucson` vs. `Tucson, Arizona` vs. `Tucson, Arizona, USA` or `New York` vs. `New York City` vs. `New York, New York`); abbreviations (`NYC` for `New York City`, `USA` for `United States of America`); ''official'' vs. ''short'' names (e.g. `Union of Soviet Socialist Republics` vs. `Soviet Union`); spelling variations (`Cracow` vs. `Krakow` vs. `Kraków`); current vs. former names (`Saint Petersburg` vs. `Leningrad` vs. `Petrograd`); [[exonym]]s vs. [[endonym]]s (e.g. `Tavastia Proper` vs. `Kanta-Häme`, both referring to the same administrative region in Finland); alternative names not due to any of the above reasons (`Bashkiria` vs. `Bashkortostan`); etc. In addition, each language that has an opportunity to refer to the place will have its own name, with the same sorts of variations as exist in English. ** Examples of ambiguous toponyms are `New York` (either a city or a state); `Georgia` (either a state of the US or an independent country in the Caucasus Mountains); `Paris` (either the capital of France or various small cities and towns in the US); `Mexico` (either a country, a state of that country, or the capital city of that country); and `San Antonio` (besides being a major city in Texas, it is the name of dozens of settlements of all sorts throughout the US and Latin America, and a least 181 distinct [[barangay]]s in the Philippines). * A ''placetype'' is the (or a) type that a location belongs to (e.g. `city`, `state`, `river`, `administrative region`, `[[regional county municipality]]`, etc.). ** It is common for locations to be described using multiple placetypes, and even sometimes known locations have multiple placetypes that they may be identified by (e.g. American Samoa can be identified either as an `unincorporated territory`, an `overseas territory` or just a `territory`). Both the {{tl|place}} template and the known location data allow a given location to be identified by multiple placetypes. When in doubt as to the correct placetype or placetypes for a given location, generally follow how Wikipedia describes the place. ** Some placetypes themselves are ambiguous; e.g. an ''area'' can variously refer to a top-level administrative division (specifically of Kuwait); a geographic region, generally without unambiguously defined borders; or a section of a city, similar to a neighborhood. The term ''district'' is similarly ambiguous. A ''[[prefecture]]'' in the context of Japan is similar to a province, but a prefecture in France is the capital of a ''[[department]]'' (which is similar to a county). Some of this ambiguity is currently handled automatically; e.g. the ambiguity of areas and districts is handled by looking at the ''holonyms'', or containing locations, specified for a given place. But sometimes it is necessary to use a qualifier before the placetype to disambiguate; for example to refer to a French prefecture, use the placetype `French prefecture` instead of just `prefecture`. (FIXME: Handle this automatically.) * A ''holonym'', in the context of a description of a place, is a placename that refers to a larger-sized entity that contains the location being described. For example, `Arizona` and `United States` are holonyms of `Tucson`, and `United States` is a holonym of `Arizona`. * A ''place invocation'' consists of the invocation of {{tl|place}}, including all its parameters. Place invocations may contain one or more ''place descriptions'', each of which provides a description of the location, including its placetype or types, any holonyms, and any additional raw text needed to properly explain the place in context. Place invocations may also contain named parameters specifying zero or more English ''glosses'' or translations (for foreign-language toponyms) and any attached ''extra information'' such as the capital, largest city, official name, modern name or full name. Multiple place descriptions in a single invocation are separated by a numbered parameter starting with a semicolon, and are used when it is necessary to provide two or more definitions of a single location for proper categorization. For example, [[Vatican City]] is defined both as a city-state in Southern Europe and as an enclave within the city of Rome, follows: : {{tl|place|en|city-state|r/Southern Europe|;,|an <<enclave>> within the city of [[Rome]], [[Italy]]|cat=Places in Rome|official=Vatican City State}}. Similar things need to be done for places like [[Crimea]] that are claimed by two different countries with different definitions and administrative structures. ** There are two types of place descriptions, ''new-style'' and ''old-style''. (The use of the terms "new" and "old" indicates chronological precedence in the development of {{tl|place}}, but is not meant to pass any value judgments on the two types, and does not indicate any intent to deprecate old-style descriptions. Both types of descriptions are useful; for example, old-style descriptions are generally more succinct but less flexible.) The above invocation shows both types: an old-style description followed by a new-style description. Old style descriptions use multiple numbered parameters, where the first parameter (after the language code) specifies the placetype or types, and following parameters specify either holonyms (which are always of the form ` ``placetype``/``placename`` `) or raw text (which is identifiable by not having a slash in it). New-style descriptions use a single parameter, where both placetypes and holonyms are surrounded by double angle brackets, and all remaining text is raw (displayed as-is). In both types of descriptions, holonyms include a slash in them to separate the placetype (which is mandatory and often abbreviated) from the placename. ** In the context of a place description, there are two types of placetypes. The ''entry placetypes'' are the placetypes of the place being described, while the ''holonym placetypes'' are the placetypes of the holonyms that the place being described is located within. Currently, a given place can have multiple placetypes specified (e.g. [[Normandy]] is specified using the ''compound placetype'' `administrative region/former province/and/medieval kingdom`) while a given holonym can have only one placetype associated with it. Holonym placetypes are frequently abbreviated (e.g. `r` for `region`, `s` for `state`, `co` for `county`, etc.), while stylistically it is preferred to spell out the entry placetype (except for some long placetypes with well-known abbreviations, such as `CDP` or `cdp` for `[[census-designated place]]`). ** All holonyms in place descriptions are automatically linked as if surrounded by {{tl|l|en|...}}; i.e. if double brackets do not occur in the holonym, the entire holonym will be linked to the corresponding Wiktionary article. For this reason, the holonym should generally be in the same format as the canonical Wiktionary article describing the location; see below). * A ''known location'' is a location whose properties are specifically defined in the {{tl|place}} modules. Generally each such location has an associated category, and known locations exist in a containment hierarchy, where the immediately containing known location is known as the ''container'' of the location and the chain of successive containing locations is known as the ''container trail''. Generally the location's container corresponds to the first parent of its category. Note that some known locations belong to more than one immediate container; for example, Russia belongs to both Europe and Asia. ===More about placetypes=== # The following general categories of placetypes exist: ## ''Natural features'' such as lakes, mountains, mountain ranges, islands, archipelagoes, moons, stars, asteroids, etc. ## ''Continents'', ''supercontinents'' (groupings of continents where it makes sense, such as `America` and `Eurasia`) and ''continent-level regions'' (grouping of countries in a given continent, such as `Central America` and `Polynesia`). ## ''Political entities'', which are generally classified as either ''polities'' (top-level entities such as countries), ''subpolities'' or ''political divisions'' (non-sovereign divisions, often specifically ''administrative divisions'', of a polity, where an administrative division has a governmental or statistical function and almost always has unambiguously defined boundaries), or ''settlements'' (e.g. cities; towns; villages; and divisions of a city such as neighborhoods, wards, [[barrio]]s and [[barangay]]s, which may or may not be formal administrative divisions and may or may not have unambiguous boundaries). ## ''Geographic regions'', which refer to recognized areas of the Earth (either with a natural geographic, political or cultural significance, often of a historical nature). Such regions can be of greatly varying size, may exist either within a single country or spanning multiple countries or (more often) parts of multiple countries, and may not have well-defined boundaries. They should be distinguished from ''administrative regions'', which exist within a single country and have well-defined boundaries and a political or administrative function. Geographic regions are categorized using the generic term ''geographic and cultural areas'' to emphasize that (a) they have no administrative significance; (b) they may vary greatly in size; and (c) their cohesion is due either to natural geographic boundaries, such as rivers or mountain ranges, or to sharing some cultural characteristics. ## ''Man-made structures'' below the level of a settlement or neighborhood, such as airports, roads, individual buildings, and the like. (Note that such structures, even if named, often do not meet the [[WT:CFI]] criteria; this is particularly the case for roads.) # Placetypes support aliases, and the mapping to canonical form happens early on in the processing. For example, `state` can be abbreviated as `s`; `administrative region` as `adr`; `regional county municipality` as `rcomun`; etc. Some placetype aliases handle alternative spellings rather than abbreviations. For example, `departmental capital` maps to `department capital`, and `home-rule city` maps to `home rule city`. Placetype abbreviations are particularly useful in holonym specs, because every holonym must be accompanied by its placetype, for disambiguation purposes. # A ''placetype qualifier'' is an adjective prepended to the placetype to give additional information about the place being described. For example, a given place may be described as a `small city`; logically this is still a city, but the qualifier `small` gives additional information about the place. Multiple qualifiers can be stacked, e.g. `small affluent beachfront unincorporated community`, where `unincorporated community` is a recognized placetype and `small`, `affluent` and `beachfront` are qualifiers. (As shown here, it may not always be obvious where the qualifiers end and the placetype begins.) For the most part, placetype qualifiers do not affect categorization; a `small city` is still a city and an `affluent beachfront unincorporated community` is still an unincorporated community, and both should still be categorized as such. But some qualifiers do change the categorization. In particular, a `former province` is no longer a province and should not be categorized in e.g. [[:Category:Provinces of Italy]], but instead in a different set of categories, e.g. [[:Category:Historical political subdivisions]]. There are several terms treated as equivalent for this purpose: `abandoned` `ancient`, `extinct`, `historic(al)`, `medi(a)eval` and `traditional`. Another set of qualifiers that change categorization are `fictional` and `mythological`, which cause any term using the qualifier to be categorized respectively into [[:Category:Fictional locations]] and [[:Category:Mythological locations]]. ===More about toponyms=== # Toponyms may be: ## ''simple'' (not including any containing location in its name, such as `Tucson`) or ''multipart'' (including one or more containing locations, such as `Tucson, Arizona` or `Tucson, USA` or even `Tucson, Arizona, USA`); ## ''bare'' (not including the word `the` if the location normally requires this article when following a preposition, such as `United States`, `Gambia` or 'Community of Madrid') or ''prefixed'' (including the word `the` as needed, such as `the United States`, `the Gambia` or `the Community of Madrid`); ## ''elliptical'' (just the placename without any disambiguating placetype, such as `Durham`, `New York` or `Mexico`) or ''full'' (containing a disambiguating placetype or similar identifier if one is commonly included, such as the city of `Durham` (in England) vs. its containing county `County Durham`; the US city `New York City` vs. its containing state `New York`; or the three-way distinction between `Mexico` (the country), `Mexico City` (the capital of this country) and `(the) State of Mexico` (one of the states of the country Mexico, mostly surrounding but not including Mexico City)). # The ''canonical Wiktionary article'' is the main article on Wiktionary where a location is described. Canonical articles, per the above terminology, are generally ''simple'' and ''bare'', but may be either ''full'' or ''elliptical''. The fact that a given article is canonical is often identifiable by the fact that translations are housed there an not somewhere else. For example, most counties of the US and Canada include the word `County` in their canonical article name, but most counties elsewhere do not. `Washington, D.C.` is one of the few cases where a non-simple toponym is used as the canonical article; this is based on common usage, especially by residents of the city in question (who commonly refer to it as "D.C." but rarely just as "Washington"). ===More about known locations=== # The following types of known locations are defined in this module: ## Continents, supercontinents and continent-level regions, into which countries are grouped. Specifically: ### At the top level below `Earth` are the supercontinents `America` and `Eurasia` and the continents `Africa`, `Oceania` and `Antartica`. ### `America` is further broken down into the continents `North America` (in turn containing the continental regions `Central America` and `Caribbean`, with the United States, Canada and Mexico directly under North America) and `South America`. ### `Eurasia` is further broken down into the continents `Europe` and `Asia`. ### `Oceania` is further broken down into the continental regions `Melanesia`, `Micronesia` and `Polynesia`, with Australia` directly under `Oceania. ### Under the above-specified divisions are countries. Some countries are placed in more than one continent or continent-level region, either because they actually span two continents (e.g. Russia, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Egypt) or because they are politically considered to belong to a continent different from the one they are geographically in (Cyprus, Georgia, Armenia, etc.). ## Political entities, including: ### Top-level political entities, which includes: #### Countries, with a fairly liberal definition, notably including all UN-recognized countries plus some others that are commonly considered countries, even if not all other countries recognize them as such or consider them completely independent (notably, Kosovo, Palestine, Taiwan, Western Sahara, Niue and the Cook Islands). #### Pseudo-countries, which include areas calling themselves countries that are de-facto not under the control of the country that they are internationally considered part of (e.g. Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria); dependent/external/etc. territories of countries (e.g. American Samoa [US], Bermuda [UK], Christmas Island [Australia], Easter Island [Chile]); constituent countries, autonomous territories and the like (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten of the Netherlands; Greenland and the Faroe Islands of Denmark; etc.; but notably not including England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, which are treated as regular countries); and a grab bag of other entities that have a semi-independent existence, such as Hong Kong, Macau, Guadeloupe, Martinique and the like. Currently, the actual distinction in treatment between "countries" and "country-like entities" is minimal, but in the future we might restrict the sorts of subcategories of country-like entities more than regular countries. #### Former countries, e.g. the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, West Germany and the Roman Empire. These are much more limited in the sorts of subcategories allowed, because generally locations, especially cities, should be described from the perspective of which political entity they are currently located in (e.g. "an ancient Roman town in modern Syria") and categorized as such. ### Subpolities. Generally we only list top-level administrative divisions of countries (and only fairly major countries are usually included), but sometimes we list second-level administrative divisions, as in the case of the United Kingdom (where the top-level administrative divisions of the four constituent countries are listed) and China (where major prefecture-level cities are listed, and are considered administrative divisions rather than cities). ### Cities. Only major cities get categories, with the definition of "major" varying by country but often including those where the city population itself (sometimes the metro area) is >= 1,000,000 people. # A distinction should be made in the {{tl|place}} modules between ''keys'' and ''placenames''. Placenames are as the location appears in a holonym, and are generally in the same format as the canonical Wiktionary article describing the location so that when formatted as a link, the link goes to the right article; i.e. they are simple and bare, and may be full or elliptical according to Wiktionary conventions. The ''canonical key'' of a location is how the location's category is named, and always uniquely identifies the location from among the known locations in this module (but not necessarily among all possible locations). In particular, subpolities usually have multipart keys that include the containing location, such as `Anhui, China` (not just `Anhui`); `Arizona, USA` (not just `Arizona`, and also not `Arizona, United States`); and `Herefordshire, England` (not just `Herefordshire`, and also in this case not `Herefordshire, UK` or `Herefordshire, England, UK` or any other possible variation). Cities are normally simple, but some cities are multipart for disambiguation purposes (e.g. `Newcastle, New South Wales` for the city in Australia vs. `Newcastle upon Tyne` for the identically-named city in England). Canonical keys may have ''key aliases'', other ways of referring to the location that are not necessarily unique (e.g. `Newcastle` is a key alias for both of the above-mentioned cities), and city keys with diacritics generally have diacriticless aliases, such as canonical key `Düsseldorf` vs. key alias `Dusseldorf`, or canonical key `Łódź` vs. key alias `Lodz`. # Known locations are gathered into ''groups'' with similar properties, such as all the states of the United States; all the (ceremonial) counties of England (see below); and all the "sufficiently major" prefecture-level cities in China (where a prefecture-level city is a prefecture surrounding a major city with a unified government and is more like a prefecture, i.e. a major administrative division just underneath a province, than like a city, and where "sufficiently major" is defined according to the population of either the total prefecture or the urban area of the city). Note that there are multiple types of counties in England, with overlapping but non-identical names and boundaries; there are, in particular, ''ceremonial counties'', ''local government counties'' and ''historic counties''; ''ceremonial counties'' have only ceremonial administrative functionality but unlike local government counties (a) don't frequently change their boundaries or nature, (b) correspond more closely to historic county boundaries and names, and (c) are what Englanders usually identify themselves with, and so they are used as top-level divisions rather than local government counties. # Some known locations have ''aliases'' defined, which are of two types. ''Display aliases'' map holonyms to their canonical form near the beginning of processing (in particular before the displayed output is formatted). For example, `US`, `U.S.`, `USA`, `U.S.A.` and `United States of America` are all canonicalized to `United States` (if identified as a country), and display as `United States`. Similarly, the foreign forms `Occitanie` (as a region or administrative region) and `Noord-Brabant` (as a province) are mapped to `Occitania` and `North Brabant` for display purposes. There are also ''category aliases'', so that if e.g. `Republic of Macedonia` is encountered, it will display as such but categorize as `North Macedonia`. (This is because, among other reasons, `Republic of Macedonia` is normally preceded by `"the"` while `North Macedonia` is not, so a call {{tl|place|en|a <<city>> in the <<c/Republic of Macedonia>>}} would look wrong if `Republic of Macedonia` were converted to `North Macedonia` during display, as the result would be `a city in the North Macedonia`. There are also frequently political connotations to different category aliases, e.g. `Burma` vs. `Myanmar`.) All of these aliases are sensitive to the placetype specified. For example, `Mexico` as a state is categorized under `State of Mexico, Mexico` but `Mexico` the country is categorized as just `Mexico`. ===Categories=== There are two main types of categories: # Categories for known locations, divided into: ## Top-level polity categories (e.g. [[:Category:United States]], [[:Category:Taiwan]], [[:Category:South Ossetia]], [[:Category:Bermuda]], [[:Category:Soviet Union]], [[:Category:West Germany]]). ## Subpolity categories ([[:Category:Arizona, USA]], [[:Category:Hunan]], [[:Category:Kagoshima Prefecture]], [[:Category:Cluj County, Romania]]). For historical reasons, different formats are used for the subpolities of different polities. Increasingly, we are moving towards always including the polity name in the subpolity category, but whether the subpolity type is included and where it is included (cf. [[:Category:Cluj County, Romania]] vs. [[:Category:County Cork, Ireland]] is still inconsistent and will probably remain that way, based on how the subpolity is normally referred to. ## City categories ([[:Category:Tokyo]], [[:Category:New York City]], [[:Category:Jaipur]]). Normally these do not include the containing subpolity, but may do so in order to disambiguate. # Categories for placetypes, divided into: ## "Immediate" political and non-political division categories ([[:Category:States of the United States]], [[:Category:Municipalities of Tocantins, Brazil]], [[:Category:Ghost towns in Arizona, USA]]). These are name categories, whose purpose is to contain locations of the specified type. "Immediate" here refers to the fact that the location in the category name is the immediately-containing polity. Usually these categories use the preposition "of", but sometimes "in". (Specifically, "of" typically implies that the placetype in question has an official or semi-official status, whereas "in" implies there is no such official status, but common usage may override this.) The form of the toponym appearing in these categories is always the same as that of the corresponding toponym category except that the word "the" may appear (e.g. [[:Category:States of the United States]]), whereas it doesn't appear in the toponym category itself ([[:Category:United States]], no "the"). ## "Skip-polity" categories for second-level political and non-political divisions of a country or other top-level polity (e.g. [[:Category:Counties of the United States]], [[:Category:Municipalities of Brazil]] and [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]]). These have several purposes: * They group the immediate division categories mentioned previously. * They categorize "straggler" topoynms that (often improperly) fail to mention the subpolity they belong to, but only the top-level polity. * If categories do not exist for the first-level divisions of a country (and sometimes even when they do), they group all toponyms of the specified type for the specified country. For example, Lithuania is divided into first-level counties and second-level municipalities, but since we don't currently have categories for Lithuanian counties, all municipalities go under [[:Category:Municipalities of Lithuania]] rather than under a category for a specific county. In addition, even though we do have categories for Japanese prefectures (a first-level division), all subprefectures (a second-level division) go under [[:Category:Subprefectures of Japan]] because there aren't very many of them (see below). ## "Generic placetype" categories, both of the immediate and skip-polity type (immediate [[:Category:Cities in California, USA]] and [[:Category:Neighborhoods of the Bronx]]; skip-polity [[:Category:Villages in Ivory Coast]], [[:Category:Geographic and cultural areas of England]], [[:Category:Rivers in Egypt]] and [[:Category:Places in the Philippines]]). As mentioned above, "generic" placetypes occur in every polity (although the set of generic placetypes allowed for cities is a subset of those allowed for top-level polities and subpolities). Usually these categories use the preposition "in", but sometimes "of". As above, skip-polity categories group immediate categories, and in addition there are various reasons a toponym entry is categorized into a skip-polity category. (For example, as a general rule, geographic and cultural areas only categorize at the country level, not the subpolity level, both because there often aren't very many in a given country and because they often span multiple subpolities.) The parent categories of a given category depend on its type. Generally, location categories have placetype categories as their first parent, and vice-versa. Specifically: # Top-level country categories have as their parent e.g. [[:Category:Countries in Europe]], [[:Category:Countries in Central America]] or [[:Category:Countries in Polynesia]], using the most specific continental-level region the country is contained in. # Pseudo-countries are under [[:Category:Country-like entities]] as a neutral designation. There aren't enough of them to subcategorize under continent-level regions. # Former countries are under [[:Category:Former countries and country-like entities]]. # Subpolity categories are usually under a placetype category whose placetype is the canonical (first-listed) placetype of the subpolity and whose toponym is the immediately containing polity, but there are exceptions. Specifically, sometimes if a polity has multiple types of subpolities, they are combined (e.g. [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]], [[:Category:Federal subjects of Russia]]). In addition, sometimes a less specific but more identifiable placetype is used instead of the canonical one (e.g. [[:Category:Regions of France]] when the canonical placetype is "administrative region"). The same rules and exceptions generally apply when categorizing subpolities themselves; e.g. both the Australian state of Queensland and territory of Northern Territory go under [[:Category:en:States and territories of Australia]] rather than separately under [[:Category:en:States of Australia]] and [[:Category:en:Territories of Australia]]. In addition, sometimes subpolities may "skip a level" if there aren't very many. For example, there are only 26 subprefectures of Japan (14 under Hokkaido and 12 more scattered under five other prefectures). Rather than have e.g. [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Kagoshima Prefecture]] containing at most two entries and [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Miyazaki Prefecture]] containing at most one, they are all grouped under the so-called "skip-subpolity category" [[:Category:en:Subprefectures of Japan]]. # City categories are always under e.g. [[:Category:Cities in the United States]] (e.g. [[:Category:New York City]] is so-placed, even though [[:Category:Cities in New York, USA]] exists). However, they may have a second, more-specific parent (e.g. [[:Category:Cities in New York, USA]] in the case of New York City). The city entries themselves will go under the more specific parent if it exists. # Immediate placetype categories for second-level divisions of a country generally have, respectively, a "toponym parent" that is the toponym mentioned in the category and a "skip-polity parent" that groups all subpolity placetype categories of a specific type and containing polity. For example, [[:Category:Counties of Arizona, USA]] has toponym parent [[:Category:en:Arizona, USA]] and skip-polity parent [[:Category:en:Counties of the United States]]. Sometimes the default skip-polity parent is overridden or disabled entirely. For example, in the US, most states are divided into counties but Louisiana is divided into parishes and Alaska into boroughs. It would make no sense to put [[:Category:Parishes of Louisiana, USA]] under [[:Category:Parishes of the United States]] (which would only have one subcategory), so we include them under [[:Category:Counties of the United States]]. An alternative would be to name the skip-polity category to explicitly include parishes and boroughs; this would get awkward here but is done in some cases. Similarly, [[:Category:Regional county municipalities of Quebec]] is placed under [[:Category:Regional municipalities of Canada]] since that name is used in other provinces. Meanwhile, [[:Category:Regional districts of British Columbia]] disables its skip-polity category since no other province or territory of Canada has regional districts or comparable subpolities under a different name (an alternative would be to place them under [[:Category:Counties of Canada]], since they are sort of comparable to counties). # Placetype categories for first-level divisions of a country similarly (e.g. [[:Category:States of the United States]]) have a toponym parent (in this case [[:Category:United States]]), but in place of the skip-polity parent they have two other parents: a "bare placetype" parent (in this case [[:Category:States]]) and the "generic" parent [[:Category:Political divisions of specific countries]]. (There is also a bare [[:Category:Political divisions]] that groups "bare placetype" categories.) Skip-polity placetype categories for second-level divisions of a country (e.g. [[:Category:Counties of the United States]]) work the same. Placetype categories for countries work likewise except they are missing the generic parent. ===Place descriptions=== A given place description is defined internally in a table of the following form: ```{ placetypes = {"``placetype``", "``placetype``", ...}, holonyms = { { -- holonym object; see below placetype = "``placetype``" or nil, display_placename = "``placename``", unlinked_placename = "``placename``", langcode = "``langcode``" or nil, no_display = BOOLEAN, needs_article = BOOLEAN, force_the = BOOLEAN, affix_type = "``affix_type``" or nil, pluralize_affix = BOOLEAN, suppress_affix = BOOLEAN, continue_cat_loop = BOOLEAN, }, ... }, order = { ``order_item``, ``order_item``, ... }, -- (only for new-style place descriptions), joiner = "``joiner_string``" or nil, holonyms_by_placetype = { ``holonym_placetype`` = {"``placename``", "``placename``", ...}, ``holonym_placetype`` = {"``placename``", "``placename``", ...}, ... }, }``` Holonym objects have the following fields: * `placetype`: The canonicalized placetype if specified as e.g. `c/Australia`; nil if no slash is present (in which case the placename in `display_placename` refers to raw text). * `display_placename`: The placename or raw text, in the format to be displayed. Placename display aliases have already been resolved. It is raw text if `placetype` is nil. * `unlinked_placename`: Same as `display_placename` but with links and HTML removed. * `langcode`: The language code prefix if specified as e.g. `c/fr:Australie`; otherwise nil. * `no_display`: If true (holonym prefixed with !), don't display the holonym but use it for categorization. * `needs_article`: If true, prepend an article if the placename needs one (e.g. `United States`). * `force_the`: If true, always prepend the article `the`. Example use: holoynm 'city:pref:the/Gold Coast', which gets formatted as `(the) city of the [[Gold Coast]]`. * `affix_type`: Type of affix to prepend (values `pref` or `Pref`) or append (values `suf` or `Suf`). The actual affix added is the placetype (capitalized if values `Pref` or `Suf` are given), or its plural if `pluralize_affix` is given. Note that some placetypes (e.g. `district` and `department`) have inherent affixes displayed after (or sometimes before) them. * `pluralize_affix`: Pluralize any displayed affix. Used for holonyms like `c:pref/Canada,US`, which displays as `the countries of Canada and the United States`. * `suppress_affix`: Don't display any affix even if the placetype has an inherent affix. Used for the non-last placenames when there are multiple and a suffix is present, and for the non-first placenames when there are multiple and a prefix is present. * `continue_cat_loop`: If true (holonym used :also), continue producing categories starting with this holonym when preceding holonyms generated categories. Note that new-style place descs (those specified as a single argument using <<...>> to denote placetypes, placetype qualifiers and holonyms) have an additional `order` field to properly capture the raw text surrounding the items denoted in double angle brackets. The ``order_item`` items in the `order` field are objects of the following form: ```{ type = "``order_type``", value = "STRING" or INDEX, }``` Here, the ``order_type`` is one of `"raw"`, `"qualifier"`, `"placetype"` or `"holonym"`: * `"raw"` is used for raw text surrounding `<<...>>` specs. * `"qualifier"` is used for `<<...>>` specs without slashes in them that consist only of qualifiers (e.g. the spec `<<former>>` in `<<former>> French <<colony>>`). * `"placetype"` is used for `<<...>>` `specs without slashes that do not consist only of qualifiers. * `"holonym"` is used for holonyms, i.e. `<<...>>` specs with a slash in them. For all types but `"holonym"`, the value is a string, specifying the text in question. For `"holonym"`, the value is a numeric index into the `holonyms` field. It should be noted that placetypes and placenames occurring inside the holonyms structure are canonicalized, but placetypes inside the placetypes structure are as specified by the user. Stripping off of qualifiers and canonicalization of qualifiers and bare placetypes happens later. The information under `holonyms_by_placetype` is redundant to the information in holonyms but makes categorization easier. The holonym placenames listed here already have category aliases applied. For example, the call {{tl|place|en|city|s/Pennsylvania|c/US}} will result in the return value ```{ placetypes = {"city"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania" }, { placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Pennsylvania"}, country = {"United States"}, }, }``` Here, the placetype aliases `s` and `c` have been expanded into `state` and `country` respectively, and the placename display alias `US` has been expanded into `United States`. PLACETYPES is a list because there may be more than one. For example, the call {{tl|place|en|city/and/municipality|p/[[Kwango]] Province|c/Congo}} will result in the return value ``` { placetypes = {"city", "and", "municipality"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "province", display_placename = "[[Kwango]] Province", unlinked_placename = "Kwango Province" }, { placetype = "country", display_placename = "Congo", unlinked_placename = "Congo" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { country = {"Congo"}, }, }``` Here, the `unlinked_placename` field has removed links from `display_placename`. The value in the key/value pairs is likewise a list; e.g. the call {{tl|place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri}} will return ``` { placetypes = {"city"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Kansas", unlinked_placename = "Kansas" }, { display_placename = "and", unlinked_placename = "and" }, { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Missouri", unlinked_placename = "Missouri" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Kansas", "Missouri"}, }, } ``` Note that in `get_cats()` (which runs after the display form has been generated), further changes to the holonym structure are made to aid in categorization. For example, after `handle_category_implications()` and `augment_holonyms_with_container()` are called, the above structure will look more like ``` { placetypes = {"city"}, holonyms = { { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Kansas", unlinked_placename = "Kansas" }, { placetype = "country", unlinked_placename = "United States" }, { display_placename = "and", unlinked_placename = "and" }, { placetype = "state", display_placename = "Missouri", unlinked_placename = "Missouri" }, { placetype = "country", unlinked_placename = "United States" }, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Kansas", "Missouri"}, country = {"United States"} }, } ``` ===Overall place specs=== The overall place spec parsed by `parse_overall_place_spec` has the following fields: * `lang`: The language object (from {{para|1}}). * `args`: The parsed arguments from the {{tl|place}} call. * `directives`: List of form-of directives (starting with `@`) parsed from the numeric args beginning with {{para|2}}. Each directive contains fields `directive` (the directive as specified by the user, e.g. `"former name of"`); `terms` (list of term objects for the terms specified by the user); `conj` (conjunction specified by the user using inline modifier `<conj:...>`, or {nil}); `spec` (the corresponding directive spec from `all_form_of_directives`); `pretext` (the text to display directly before the directive); `posttext` (the text to display directly after the directive; {nil} except for the last directive). * `descs`: List of one or more place description objects parsed from the numeric args beginning with {{para|2}}, as described above. * `extra_info`: List of extra-info objects for extra info specified using arguments such as {{para|capital}}, {{para|modern}}, etc. Objects are in the order they should be displayed, and each object contains fields `spec` (the spec for the type of extra info, taken from `export.extra_info_args`), `terms` (list of term objects for the terms specified by the user); and `conj` (conjunction specified by the user using inline modifier `<conj:...>`, or {nil}). ===Category determination=== The algorithm to find the categories to which a given place belongs works off of a place description (which specifies the entry placetype(s) and holonym(s); see above). If there are multiple place descriptions, each is processed independently to generate categories. Likewise, if there are multiple entry placetypes in a given place description, each is processed independently with all the holonyms of the description to generate categories. Furthermore, before the category-generation algorithm runs, earlier steps have modified the holonyms of the place description (inserting containing polities whenever possible; see the description above of `handle_category_implications()` and `augment_holonyms_with_container()`). Given a single entry placetype and a place description, the algorithm to generate categories processes holonyms from left to right until it finds one that "matches" in that it produces one or more categories. At that point it attempts to generate categories for all other holonyms in the place description of the same placetype. Normally, it then stops processing holonyms, but if a holonym is marked using the `:also` modifier, the category generation process starts over starting with that holonym (or the leftmost such remaining holonym, if there is more than one marked with `:also`). This makes it possible, for example, to specify the description of a river that passes through two different types of political divisions (e.g. Alberta and the Northwest Territories), or categorize a geographic region at both the continent and country level, such as this: <pre> {{place|en|historical region|r/Eastern Europe|located in southeastern|c:also/Poland|*and western|c/Ukraine}} </pre> Here, `r/Eastern Europe` has a category implication that adds `cont/Europe` as a holonym directly after it, which causes the page to be categorized into [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Europe]]. The category generation process would normally stop at this point, but the presence of `:also` causes it to restart with `c/Poland` and generate the category [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Poland]]. After doing this, it looks for other holonyms of the same placetype as `c/Poland` (i.e. other countries), which causes it to process `c/Ukraine` and generate the category [[:Category:en:Geographic and cultural areas of Ukraine]]. The category generation process works off of the `placetype_data` table, which specifies various properties for placetypes, such as how to display a holonym of that placetype as well as how to categorize certain pages where the {{tl|place}} call contains the specified placetype as an entry placetype. For example, the entry for `city-state` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] might look like ``` ["city-state"] = { link = true, category_link = "[[sovereign]] [[microstate]]s consisting of a single [[city]] and [[w:dependent territory|dependent territories]]", has_neighborhoods = true, class = "settlement", ["continent/*"] = {"City-states", "Cities", "Countries", "Countries in +++", "National capitals"}, default = {"City-states", "Cities", "Countries", "National capitals"}, }, ``` Here, the keys specify, respectively: # If `city-state` occurs as an entry placetype, link it to the corresponding Wiktionary entry (that is what `true` means in `link = true`). # Use the specified `category_link` text for categories such as [[:Category:City-states]]. # City-states are "city-like", i.e. they have neighborhoods; this controls the handling of entry placetypes such as `neighborhood`, `district`, `area`, etc. # City-states should be treated as settlements for determining how to handle the placetype `former city-state` and for categorizing the bare category [[:Category:City-states]] and language-specific equivalents such as [[:Category:en:City-states]]. # When the entry placetype `city-state` occurs along with a continent holonym, categorize into the specified categories under `continent/*`. Here, `+++` stands for the holonym in question. # When the entry placetype `city-state` occurs in any other context, categorize into the specified categories under `default`. It's important to realize that the only categorization keys under a given placetype entry that are specified explicitly in [[Module:place/placetypes]] are certain wildcard keys such as `continent/*` above (i.e. containing a slash followed by `*`) and under the key `default`. All the remaining categorization happens through category handlers, based on the information on known locations in [[Module:place/locations]]. For example, [[Module:place/locations]] has an "England group" specified similarly to the following: ``` export.england_group = { default_container = {key = "England", placetype = "constituent country"}, default_placetype = "county", default_divs = { "districts", {type = "local government districts", cat_as = "districts"}, { type = "local government districts with borough status", cat_as = {"districts", "boroughs"}, }, {type = "boroughs", cat_as = {"districts", "boroughs"}}, "civil parishes", }, default_british_spelling = true, data = export.england_counties, } ``` The `default_divs` key here specifies the divisions that exist for each of the counties listed under the `data` key (unless the key overrides them). Here, the entry `{type = "boroughs", cat_as = {"districts", "boroughs"}}` directs the category handler `political_division_cat_handler` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] (which is one of two category handlers that run for all entry placetypes, along with `generic_place_cat_handler`) to categorize boroughs specified under any of the counties listed under `data` as both districts and boroughs. Now, the categorization process proceeds as follows, given an entry placetype and place description, which specifies a set of holonyms (the code to do this is in `get_placetype_cats()`): # First, look up the entry placetype and any equivalent placetypes in `placetype_data`, which is defined in [[Module:place/placetypes]]. Note that the entry in `placetype_data` that specifies the placetype information that is used to determine the category or categories may not directly correspond to the entry placetype as specified in the place description. For example, if the entry placetype is `small town`, the placetype whose data is fetched will be `town` since `small` is a recognized qualifier and there is no entry in `placetype_data` for `small town`. As another example, if the entry placetype is `administrative capital`, the code will first look up `administrative capital` and then look up `capital city`, which is where the category handler is found, because `administrative capital` specifies `capital city` as its fallback. # Then, iterate over holonyms from left to right, as described above. For each holonym, we proceed as follows: ## First, call `political_division_cat_handler` to check if the entry placetype and holonym match a division in the `locations` data in [[Module:place/locations]], as in the example above. Note that when doing this, holonyms are canonicalized so that e.g. `co/Bedfordshire` gets mapped to `county/Bedfordshire` (because there is an entry in `placetype_aliases` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] that maps `co` to `county`) and `c/USA` gets mapped to `country/United States` (because there is an entry in the location data for the list of countries that maps `country/USA` to `country/United States` for both display and categorization purposes). This category handler, as with all such handlers, is passed the entry placetype and holonym being processed, but is also passed the entire place description, so it can look at other specified holonyms (particularly those that follow). It either returns {nil} or a list of category specs (which are the actual categories minus the preceding language code). ## If `political_division_cat_handler` doesn't generate any categories, check if there is a category handler defined using the `cat_handler` key for the entry placetype. If so, call it to generate the categories (if any). ## If the category handler returns {nil}, or there is no category handler, look for a ''wildcard key'' of the format e.g. `country/*`, which matches any holonym of placetype `country`. If found, the value is a list of category specs, which are processed as above. ## If we get this far without generating any categories, move to the next holonym. ## If we do generate any categories, process all other holonyms of the same placetype. For example, if the user says {{tl|place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri}}, when we get to the holonym `s/Kansas`, we generate the category [[:Category:en:Cities in Kansas, USA]]. This causes us to look for other holonyms of the same placetype `state`, and process them accordingly, generating a category [[:Category:en:Cities in Missouri, USA]] as well. The same thing happens in an invocation like {{tl|place|pl|river|c/Poland,Ukraine,Belarus}}. # Once we generate categories for a holonym and any other holonyms of the same placetype, we normally stop processing holonyms. But if a holonym has the `:also` modifier, we restart the left-to-right loop at that holonym. For example, in the invocation {{tl|place|en|river|flowing through|p/Alberta|p/British Columbia|and the|terr/Northwest Territories}}, we will generate a category [[:Category:en:Rivers in Alberta, Canada]] as well as [[:Category:en:Rivers in British Columbia, Canada]] (because British Columbia is of the same placetype as Alberta); but no category will be generated for the Northwest Territories, which is of a different placetype. To fix this, write {{tl|place|en|river|flowing through|p/Alberta|p/British Columbia|and the|terr:also/Northwest Territories}}. The use of `:also` will cause holonym processing to resume at `Northwest Territories` after `Alberta` is processed, leading to an additional category [[:Category:en:Rivers in the Northwest Territories, Canada]]. (The presence of `the` in this last category is because `Northwest Territories` is a known location with a spec indicating that it should be preceded by `the`; it has nothing to do with the raw text `and the` in the invocation.) # Finally, if we process all holonyms and don't end up producing any categories, we check the entry placetype's data for a `default` key. If found, it lists category specs, which are processed to generate categories. This is used, for example, in the placetype `city-state`, as described above. # It should be noted that the above process runs independently for each combination of entry placetype and place description. Thus, for example, an invocation {{tl|place|en|city/and/county|s/Kansas,Missouri|c/USA}} will generate categories for both cities and counties in both Kansas and Missouri. # Two additional sources of categories are ''bare location'' categories and ''generic place'' categories. These categories are added by appropriate calls in the outer function `get_cats`, which iterates over placetypes and place descriptions, calling `get_placetype_cats` on each combination. ## Bare location categories are categories like [[:Category:Arizona, USA]] that are related-to categories containing terms related to the specified location. The bare location code, for example, adds the term [[Arizona]], and its equivalents in other languages, to [[:Category:Arizona, USA]]. When looking for terms to consider, it checks the pagename, the glosses specified using {{para|t}}, and the terms specified using {{para|modern}}, {{para|short}} and {{para|full}}. It looks to see if any of these parameters match any known locations, but only adds them to a bare location category if (a) the specified entry placetype matches, so that for example Russian `[[Джорджия]]` goes into [[:Category:Georgia, USA]] while `[[Грузия]]` goes into [[:Category:Georgia]] (the country), even though both have a gloss `Georgia`; and (b) there are no conflicting holonyms, so that for example the Old English term [[Munucceaster]] if defined similarly to {{tl|place|ang|city|in modern|cc/England|t=Newcastle}} won't get added to [[:Category:Newcastle, New South Wales]] (even though it is also a city) because the latter city is known to be in Australia, which conflicts with the country `United Kingdom` (added internally to the Old English place description through the holonym augmentation process, based on the holonym `cc/England`). ## Generic place categories are categories like [[:Category:Places in Kansas, USA]] and [[:Category:Places in England]] that contain places of arbitrary placetype. These are added through a special category handler that operates like other category handlers but is run for all placetypes, rather than only for the specified one(s). ]==] --[=[ TODO/FIXME: 1. [DONE] Neighborhoods should categorize at the city level. Categories like [[:Category:Places in Los Angeles]] exist but not [[:Category:Neighborhoods in Los Angeles]]; we can refactor the code in generic_cat_handler() to support this use case. 2. Display handlers should be smarter. For example, 'co/Travis' as a holonym should display as 'Travis County' in the United States, but (I think) display handlers don't currently have the full context of holonyms passed in to allow this to happen. 3. Connected to this, we have various display handlers that add the name of the holonym after or (sometimes) before the placename if it's not already there. An example is the county_display_handler() in [[Module:place/placetypes]], which adds "County" before Ireland and Northern Ireland counties and after Taiwan and Romania counties. This should be integrated into the polity group for these respective polities through a setting rather than requiring a separate handler that has special casing for various polities. 4. Placetypes for toponyms should also have display handlers rather than just fixed text. This should allow us to dispense with the need for special types for "fpref" = "French prefecture" (which displays as "prefecture" but links to the appropriate Wikipedia article on Frenc prefectures, which are completely different from the more general concept of prefecture). Similarly for "Polish colony" and "Welsh community". ("Israeli settlement" should probably stay as-is because it displays as "Israeli settlement" not just "settlement".) 5. [DONE] Currently, categories for e.g. states and territories of Australia go into [[:Category:States and territories of Australia]] but terms for states and territories of Australia go into (respectively) [[:Category:States of Australia]] and [[:Category:Territories of Australia]]. We should fix this; maybe this is as easy as setting cat_as in the respective divs definitions. 6. Probably cat_as should support raw categories as well as category types; raw categories would be indicated by being prefixed with "Category:". 7. [MOSTLY DONE] Update documentation. 8. [DONE] Rename remaining political division categories to include name of country in them. 9. [DONE] Add Pakistan provinces and territories. 10. [DONE] Add a polity group for continents and continent-level regions instead of special-casing. This should make it possible e.g. to have Jerusalem as a city under "Asia". 11. [DONE] Add better handling of cities that are their own states, like Mexico City. 12. [DONE] Breadcrumb for e.g. [[Category:Aguascalientes, Mexico]] is "Aguascalientes, Mexico" instead of just "Aguascalientes". 13. [DONE] Unify aliasing system; cities have a completely different mechanism (alias_of) vs. polities/subpolities (which use`placename_cat_aliases` and `placename_display_aliases` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]). 14. [DONE] More generally, cities should be unified into the polity grouping system to the extent possible; this would allow for divs of cities (see #17 below). 15. [DONE] We have `no_containing_polity_cat` set for Lebanon, Malta and Saudi Arabia to prevent country-level implications from being added due to generically-named divisions like "North Governorate", "Central Region" and "Eastern Province" but (a) this setting seems to do multiple things and should be split, (b) it should be possible to set this at the division level instead of the country level. 16. Split out the data from the handlers so we can use loadData() on the data because it's becoming very big. 17. [DONE] Cities like Tokyo have special wards; "prefecture-level cities" like Wuhan (which aren't really cities but we treat them as such) have districts, subdistricts, etc. We need to support divs for cities and even named divisions of cities (such as we already have for boroughs of New York City). 18. [DONE] It should be allowed to set 'true' to any qualifier (which links it) and have it work correctly; qualifier lookup in [[Module:place]] needs to remove links first. 19. [DONE] Categories 'Historical polities' and 'Historical political subdivisions' should be renamed 'Former ...' since "historic(al)" is ambiguous (cf. "historic counties" in England which are not former, but still have a legal definition). 20. [PARTLY DONE; SUPPORT IS THERE BUT FORMER PROVINCES NOT YET CATEGORIZED] It should be possible to categorize former subpolities of certain polities; cf. [[:Category:ja:Provinces of Japan]], which contains former provinces. 21. [DONE] In subpolity_keydesc(), we need to generate the correct indefinite article and have a huge hack to check specifically for "union territory", which is the only placetype that shows up in this function where the default indefinite article generating function fails. To fix this properly, we need to separate out the non-category placetype data from `cat_data` in [[Module:place/placetypes]] and move it to [[Module:place/locations]], because we don't have access to the data in [[Module:place/placetypes]], and that data indicates the correct article for placetypes like "union territory". 22. [DONE] Simplify the specs in `cat_data`, eliminating the distinction between "inner" and "outer" matching. There should not be two levels, just one. For example, in "district", instead of ["country/Portugal"] = { ["itself"] = {"Districts and autonomous regions of +++"}, } we should just have ["country/Portugal"] = {"Districts and autonomous regions of +++"}, And in "dependent territory", instead of ["default"] = { ["itself"] = {true}, ["country"] = {true}, }, we should just have ["itself"] = {true}, ["country/*"] = {true}, It appears the only remaining spec that can't be easily converted in this fashion is for "subdistrict": ["country/Indonesia"] = { ["municipality"] = {true}, }, This seems to be specifically for Jakarta and doesn't seem to work anyway, as the two entries in [[:Category:en:Subdistricts of Jakarta]] and the one entry in [[:Category:id:Subdistricts of Jakarta]] are manually categorized. 23. [DONE] Consolidate the remaining stuff in [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Earth]] into [[Module:category tree/topic cat/data/Places]]. 24. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` that categorizes into `Places in FOO` is smart enough not to categorize cities that are in different polities from the specified containing polity/polities of the city, but doesn't do the same for larger-level divisions. Likewise for the `city_type_cat_handler`. There are some sufficiently generically-named divisions that this issue can occur; for example, [[Koforidua]], the capital city of Eastern Region, Ghana, is incorrectly categorized under [[:Category:en:Cities in Eastern Region, Malta]] and [[:Category:en:Places in Eastern Region, Malta]]. Note that the function `augment_holonyms_with_container` ''DOES'' do such checks, so we should be able to refactor the code out of that function and use it elsewhere. 25. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` that categorizes into `Places in FOO` is smart enough not to categorize cities that are in different polities from the specified containing polity/polities of the city; but how smart is it? It will successfully avoid categorizing a neighborhood in e.g. [[Columbus]], [[Georgia]] that doesn't explicitly mention the US (only `s/Georgia`) into [[:Category:en:Places in Columbus]], which is for Columbus, Ohio, but will it do the same for a hypothetical neighborhood of Columbus in say Merseyside, England? This should be investigated. It will probably work for a hypothetical Columbus in [[Canada]] because `augment_holonyms_with_container` would auto-add Canada as an additional holonym once say `p/Ontario` is mentioned, but I think there's a setting preventing this augmentation from happening for the UK. (This relates to FIXME #15. `no_containing_polity_cat` is set on England, Scotland, etc. to prevent the toponyms from being added to [[:Category:en:Places in the United Kingdom]], but this same setting is used to prevent augmentation, which it should not be; there should be different settings.) 26. [DONE] The `generic_cat_handler` (or more specifically `find_holonym_keys_for_categorization`) checks for city holonyms by looking specifically for holonym type `city`. But some cities (particularly those in China) can be specified using different holonym types, e.g. `prefecture-level city`, `subprovincial city`, etc. We should allow these when appropriate (which means the cities in China need to have a `placetype` set that indicates their regional-level status as well as just `city`). I'm not sure if cities support specifying a custom `placetype` at the moment; this relates to FIXME #14 above concerning unifying cities and political divisions internally. 27. [DONE] The bare category handler (`get_bare_categories` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]) is not smart enough to avoid overcategorizing cities or other divisions that are of the right placetype but in the wrong containing polity. For example, Asturian [[Llión]] "León (city in Spain)" gets put in [[:Category:ast:León]] even though the latter is supposed to refer to a city in Mexico. We can borrow the check-containing-polity code from `generic_cat_handler`. 28. [DONE] Redo handling of singular and plural to respect overrides specified in placetype_data. Check more carefully for things that may not singularize correctly, e.g. 'passes' -> 'passe'? Definitely 'headquarters' and variants. 29. [DONE] Combine placetype_equivs and other placetype data into `placetype_data`. Figure out if we need the distinction between `placetype_equivs` and `fallback`. 30. `has_neighborhoods` may need to be a function that can look at the containing holonyms to determine whether the entity in question is city-like. 31. [DONE] Bare placenames as they appear in holonyms (e.g. `Riau Islands`) instead of category keys (e.g. `the Riau Islands, Indonesia`) should appear in the polity data tables. As a first pass, the word "the" should not appear but should instead be a property of the polity. 32. [DONE] `capital_city_cat_handler` should use `get_holonyms_to_check()`. 33. [PARTLY DONE] The code to generate and parse the correct preposition ("in" or "of") is very convoluted, and the actual preposition used is specified in various locations with various defaults, sometimes hardcoded. This should be simplified. It is made more difficult by the fact that the in/of distinction occurs in several places: (a) when generating the {{place}} text in old-style descriptions where the preposition isn't explicitly given, which uses the `preposition` setting in placetype_data, defaulting to "in"; (b) when generating categories based on explicit category specs in placetype_data (which are gradually being deprecated), which likewise uses the `preposition` setting in placetype_data, defaulting to "in"; (c) when generating categories based on political_division_cat_handler, originating in the `divs` placetypes for specific known locations in [[Module:place/locations]], which uses the `prep` setting embedded in the `divs` specifications, defaulting to "of"; (d) when generating categories based on category handlers specified using the `cat_handler` property of entries in placetype_data, which tend to hardcode "in" or "of" depending on the specific category handler; (e) when generating category descriptions in [[Module:category tree/topic/Places]] for `divs` categories generated in (c), which (correctly) uses the same `prep` setting embedded in the `divs` settings that is used when generating the categories themselves; (f) when generating category descriptions for categories generated in (b) and (d) above, which relies on the `generic_before_non_cities` and `generic_before_cities` settings in placetype_data, which need to match the corresponding prepositions hardcoded in the category generation handlers. Instead of the hardcoding, the category generation handler should respect the `generic_before_*` settings. 34. [[Krakow]] defined as {{place|en|A <<city>> on the [[Vistula]] River, the <<capital>> of the <<voi/Lesser Poland Voivodeship>> in southern <<c/Poland>>}} categorizes under [[:Category:Voivodeship capitals]] when it should probably instead be under [[:Category:Voivodeship capitals of Poland]]. Possibly this is because the various voivodeships haven't yet been entered as known locations, but this should happen regardless of that. 35. {{tcl}} bugs: a. [DONE] Lowercase initial letter in new-style {{place}} descriptions in {{tcl}}. Maybe we can have a setting tcl_nolc=1 to prevent this from happening. b. [DONE] tcl= and probably new-style {{place}} descriptions in general should recognize ;; to separate distinct {{place}} descriptions, and similarly ;;and as the equivalent of regular `;and`, etc. c. [DONE] The value supplied in `modern=` should be displayed in {{tcl}} descriptions regardless of the setting that normally disables this, so that e.g. the foreign-language equivalent of [[British Honduras]] doesn't just say it's a former British colony in Central America but specifically identifies it as modern Belize. If the user gives, place_modern= in {{tcl}}, that should override the modern= value and still display. d. [DONE] The page supplied to {{tcl}} should be used for generating bare categories even if t= is supplied and overrides the English term displayed. [DONE] e. [DONE] If text follows {{place}} and begins with a semicolon, the semicolon isn't copied into {{tcl}}. 36. County boroughs used as holonyms currently display 'borough county borough' because there's an affix setting for 'county borough' and a fallback display handler for 'borough'. We need to rethink this; maybe merge the affix setting and display handlers. 37. Implement known-location groups and specs in a more standardly object-oriented way using metatables. 38. Implement caching of known location lookup in the holonym. This may have to be keyed by placetype, but we can have a special field for when the lookup placetype is the same as the user-specified placetype of the holonym. Use this known location in place of looking up known locations and store the appropriate known location there in `augment_holonyms_with_container()` instead of calling `key_to_placename`. 39. Bug fixes with 'the': (a) [DONE] [[Kazaň]] defined as {{place|cs|caplc|rep:Pref/Tatarstan|c/Russia|t1=Kazan}} displays as "Republic of the Tatarstan". (b) [[Valday]] defined as {{place|en|town/administrative center|dist:Suf/Valdaysky|obl/Novgorod|c/Russia}} displays as "a town, the administrative center of the Valdaysky District". Changing to `dist:suf/Valdaysky` displays as "... of Valdaysky district". 40. [DONE] Bug fix with 'the': [[Verkhoyansk]] defined as {{place|en|town|rep/Sakha|c/Russia}} displays as "a town in the Sakha". 41. [DONE] [[Category:Cities in Asia]] has [[Category:Cities in Eurasia]] as a parent, which in turn has [[Category:Cities in the Earth]] as a parent. Continents should not have the second parent like this. 42. [DONE] When checking `british_spelling`, it should check all containers as well; otherwise it's too hard to keep this in sync across cities, administrative divisions and countries. 43. [DONE] `skip_polity_parent_type` should be renamed to container_parent_type or similar. 44. There should be a flag to allow e.g. departments of France that are currently categorized as departments of their region to also be categorized as departments of France. 45. [DONE] Aliases are causing iterate_matching_holonym_location() to fail, e.g. if [[براق]] "Prague" is specified as {{place|acw|capital city|c/Czechia|t1=Prague}}, this fails add a bare category [[Category:acw:Prague]] because the code in iterate_matching_holonym_location() isn't resolving aliases when comparing the known container 'Czech Republic'. Probably we want to build an alias table to speed up these sorts of lookups. 46. [DONE; DUE TO TYPO IN HANDLER] The district cat handler is failing to work right, e.g. in [[Saint-Gaudérique]] defined as {{place|fr|district|city/Perpignan|in|dept/Pyrénées-Orientales|r/Occitania|c/France|t=Saint-Gaudérique}}, only the 'Places in ...' categories are getting triggered. 47. Suburbs of a given city aren't generally in the city and may not even be in the same country or country division, so they should not categorize as "Places in ..." based on the city and specified country and division. Same goes for "enclave" (within somewhere) and "exclave". 48. When converting display aliases, we should automatically convert full placenames to full placenames and elliptical placenames to elliptical placenames instead of always either doing elliptical or full placenames depending on the value of `display_as_full`. 49. `@obsolete form of` and `@archaic form of` should automatically trigger nocat=1. 50. The handler that adds bare categories should pick up values in <eq:...>. ]=] --[==[ var: List specifying the allowed form-of directives, used for former names, official names, abbreviations, etc. of places. The key is the form-of directive and the value is an object with the following properties: * `text`: The actual text displayed before the terms. If the value is `+`, the key is used as the text. If the value is a function, it is passed a single argument, the overall place spec (see comment at top of file) and should return the text to be displayed. * `type_prefix`: The prefix used to generate the placetype for looking up the appropriate category or categories in the placetype data structure. Can be omitted if there are no categories associated with the directive. * `conjunction`: The conjunction used to join multiple terms, defaulting to `and`. * `cat`: Additional category or categories to add the term to, whenever this particular directive is used. Normally the value is a topic-style category minus the langcode prefix, but if prefixed with `cln:`, it is a langname-style category. For example, the value `"Abbreviations"` would correspond to a category [[:Category:en:Abbreviations]] (assuming the language of the {{tl|place}} call is English), while the value `"cln:abbreviations"` corresponds to a category [[:Category:English abbreviations]]. Use a list of such specs for multiple categories. * `default_foreign`: If specified, the default language of terms given along with this directive is the language in {{para|1}}; otherwise it is English. ]==] export.all_form_of_directives = { ["former name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NAME_OF"}, ["fmr of"] = {alias_of = "former name of"}, ["ancient name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NAME_OF"}, ["official name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "OFFICIAL_NAME_OF"}, ["former official name of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_OFFICIAL_NAME_OF"}, ["long form of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "LONG_FORM_OF"}, ["former long form of"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_LONG_FORM_OF"}, ["nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["official nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "OFFICIAL_NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["former nickname for"] = {text = "+", type_prefix = "FORMER_NICKNAME_FOR"}, ["derogatory name for"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#derogatory|derogatory]] name for", type_prefix = "DEROGATORY_NAME_FOR"}, ["synonym of"] = {text = "+"}, ["syn of"] = {alias_of = "synonym of"}, ["abbreviation of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#abbreviation|abbreviation]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:abbreviations", default_foreign = true}, ["abbr of"] = {alias_of = "abbreviation of"}, ["abbrev of"] = {alias_of = "abbreviation of"}, ["initialism of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#initialism|initialism]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:initialisms", default_foreign = true}, ["init of"] = {alias_of = "initialism of"}, ["acronym of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#acronym|acronym]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:acronyms", default_foreign = true}, ["syllabic abbreviation of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#syllabic abbreviation|syllabic abbreviation]] of", type_prefix = "ABBREVIATION_OF", cat = "cln:syllabic abbreviations", default_foreign = true}, ["sylabbr of"] = {alias_of = "syllabic abbreviation of"}, ["sylabbrev of"] = {alias_of = "syllabic abbreviation of"}, ["ellipsis of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#ellipsis|ellipsis]] of", type_prefix = "ELLIPSIS_OF", cat = "cln:ellipses", default_foreign = true}, ["ellip of"] = {alias_of = "ellipsis of"}, ["clipping of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|clipping]] of", type_prefix = "CLIPPING_OF", cat = "cln:clippings", default_foreign = true}, ["clip of"] = {alias_of = "clipping of"}, ["alternative form of"] = {text = "+", default_foreign = true}, ["alt form"] = {alias_of = "alternative form of"}, ["alternative spelling of"] = {text = "+", default_foreign = true}, ["alt spell"] = {alias_of = "alternative spelling of"}, ["alt sp"] = {alias_of = "alternative spelling of"}, ["dated form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] form of", type_prefix = "DATED_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:dated forms", default_foreign = true}, ["dated form"] = {alias_of = "dated form of"}, ["dated spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#dated|dated]] spelling of", type_prefix = "DATED_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:dated forms", default_foreign = true}, ["dated spell"] = {alias_of = "dated spelling of"}, ["dated sp"] = {alias_of = "dated spelling of"}, ["archaic form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] form of", type_prefix = "ARCHAIC_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:archaic forms", default_foreign = true}, ["arch form"] = {alias_of = "archaic form of"}, ["archaic spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#archaic|archaic]] spelling of", type_prefix = "ARCHAIC_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:archaic forms", default_foreign = true}, ["arch spell"] = {alias_of = "archaic spelling of"}, ["arch sp"] = {alias_of = "archaic spelling of"}, ["obsolete form of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] form of", type_prefix = "OBSOLETE_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:obsolete forms", default_foreign = true}, ["obs form"] = {alias_of = "obsolete form of"}, ["obsolete spelling of"] = {text = "[[Appendix:Glossary#obsolete|obsolete]] spelling of", type_prefix = "OBSOLETE_FORM_OF", cat = "cln:obsolete forms", default_foreign = true}, ["obs spell"] = {alias_of = "obsolete spelling of"}, ["obs sp"] = {alias_of = "obsolete spelling of"}, } local function get_seat_text(overall_place_spec) local placetype = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes[1] if placetype == "county" or placetype == "counties" then return "county seat" elseif placetype == "parish" or placetype == "parishes" then return "parish seat" elseif placetype == "borough" or placetype == "boroughs" then return "borough seat" else return "seat" end end --[==[ var: List specifying the allowed arguments containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, largest city, modern name, official name, etc., along with associated properties; displayed in the order given. Each element is an object with the following properties: * `arg`: The argument name. * `text`: The actual text displayed before the terms. If the value is `+`, the argument name is used as the text. If the value is a function, it is passed a single argument, the overall place spec (see the comment at the top of the file) and should return the text to be displayed. * `conjunction`: The conjunction used to join multiple terms, defaulting to `and`. * `display_even_when_dropped`: Display this piece of extra info even when it would normally be dropped (e.g. in {{tl|tcl}} when the language is other than English). * `match_sentence_style`: If true, the text will be capitalized and preceded by a period when ''sentence style'' is in effect (essentially, when the language is English and there is no translation specified using {{para|t}} or similar parameter); otherwise, the text will be displayed as-is and preceded by a semicolon. If false, the semicolon style will always be used. * `auto_plural`: If true, pluralize the text when there is more than one term. * `with_colon`: If true, follow the text with a colon. (This colon cannot easily be included in the text itself because if pluralized, the pluralized text goes before the colon.) ]==] export.extra_info_args = { {arg = "modern", text = "+", conjunction = "หรือ", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "now", text = "now,", conjunction = "หรือ", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "full", text = "in full,", conjunction = "หรือ", display_even_when_dropped = true}, {arg = "short", text = "short form", conjunction = "หรือ"}, {arg = "abbr", text = "abbreviation", conjunction = "หรือ"}, {arg = "former", text = "formerly,"}, {arg = "official", text = "ชื่อทางการ", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "capital", text = "เมืองหลวง", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "largest city", text = "นครใหญ่สุด", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "caplc", text = "เมืองหลวงและนครใหญ่สุด", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "seat", text = get_seat_text, match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "shire town", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = true, with_colon = true}, {arg = "headquarters", text = "+", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "center", text = "administrative center", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, {arg = "centre", text = "administrative centre", match_sentence_style = true, auto_plural = false, with_colon = true}, } export.extra_info_arg_map = {} for _, spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do export.extra_info_arg_map[spec.arg] = spec end ----------- Wikicode utility functions -- Return a wikilink link {{l|language|text}} local function link(text, langcode, id) if not langcode then return text end return m_links.full_link( {term = text, lang = require(languages_module).getByCode(langcode, true, "allow etym"), id = id}, nil, "allow self link" ) end ---------- Basic utility functions -- Add the page to a tracking "category". To see the pages in the "category", -- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/PAGE]] and click on "What links here". local function track(page) require(debug_track_module)("place/" .. page) return true end local function ucfirst_all(text) if text:find(" ") then local parts = split(text, " ", true) for i, part in ipairs(parts) do parts[i] = m_strutils.ucfirst(part) end return concat(parts, " ") else return m_strutils.ucfirst(text) end end local function lc(text) return mw.getContentLanguage():lc(text) end ---------- Argument parsing functions and utilities -- Split an argument on comma, but not comma followed by whitespace. local function split_on_comma(val) if val:find(",") then return require(parse_interface_module).split_on_comma(val) else return {val} end end -- Split an argument on slash, but not slash occurring inside of HTML tags like </span> or <br />. local function split_on_slash(arg) if arg:find("<") then local m_parse_utilities = require(parse_utilities_module) -- We implement this by parsing balanced segment runs involving <...>, and splitting on slash in the remainder. -- The result is a list of lists, so we have to rejoin the inner lists by concatenating. local segments = m_parse_utilities.parse_balanced_segment_run(arg, "<", ">") local slash_separated_groups = m_parse_utilities.split_alternating_runs(segments, "/") for i, group in ipairs(slash_separated_groups) do slash_separated_groups[i] = concat(group) end return slash_separated_groups else return split(arg, "/", true) end end -- Implement "implications", i.e. where the presence of a given holonym causes additional holonym(s) to be added. -- Implications apply only to categorization. There used to be support for "general implications" that applied to both -- display and categorization, but there ended up not being any such implications, so we've removed the support. It is -- a bad idea in any case to have such implications; the user might purposely leave out a higher-level polity to avoid -- redundancy in several successive definitions, and we wouldn't want to override that. Note that in practice the -- mechanism implemented by this function is used specifically for non-administrative geographic regions such as -- Eastern Europe and the West Bank; there is a similar mechanism for administrative regions handled by -- `augment_holonyms_with_containing_polity` in [[Module:place/placetypes]]. -- -- `place_descriptions` is a list of place descriptions (see top of file, collectively describing the data passed to -- {{place}}). `implication_data` is the data used to implement the implications, i.e. a table indexed by holonym -- placetype, each value of which is a table indexed by holonym placename, each value of which is a list of -- "PLACETYPE/PLACENAME" holonyms to be added to the end of the list of holonyms. local function handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, implication_data) for i, desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do if desc.holonyms then local new_holonyms = {} for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do insert(new_holonyms, holonym) local imp_data = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym.placetype, function(pt) local implication = implication_data[pt] and implication_data[pt][holonym.unlinked_placename] if implication then return implication end end) if imp_data then for _, holonym_to_add in ipairs(imp_data) do local split_holonym = split_on_slash(holonym_to_add) if #split_holonym ~= 2 then internal_error("Invalid holonym in implications: %s", holonym_to_add) end local holonym_placetype, holonym_placename = unpack(split_holonym, 1, 2) local new_holonym = { -- By the time we run, the display has already been generated so we don't need to set -- display_placename. placetype = holonym_placetype, unlinked_placename = holonym_placename } insert(new_holonyms, new_holonym) m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(desc, new_holonym) end end end desc.holonyms = new_holonyms end end end -- Split a holonym (e.g. "continent/Europe" or "country/en:Italy" or "in southern" or "r:suf/O'Higgins" or -- "c/Austria,Germany,Czech Republic") into its components. Return a list of holonym objects (see top of file). Note -- that if there isn't a slash in the holonym (e.g. "in southern"), the `placetype` field of the holonym will be nil. -- Placetype aliases (e.g. "r" for "region") and placename aliases (e.g. "US" or "USA" for "United States") will be -- expanded. local function split_holonym(raw) local no_display, combined_holonym = raw:match("^(!)(.*)$") no_display = not not no_display combined_holonym = combined_holonym or raw local suppress_comma, combined_holonym_without_comma = combined_holonym:match("^(%*)(.*)$") suppress_comma = not not suppress_comma combined_holonym = combined_holonym_without_comma or combined_holonym local holonym_parts = split_on_slash(combined_holonym) if #holonym_parts == 1 then -- `unlinked_placename` should not be used. return {{display_placename = combined_holonym, no_display = no_display, suppress_comma = suppress_comma}} end -- Rejoin further slashes in case of slash in holonym placename, e.g. Admaston/Bromley. local placetype = holonym_parts[1] local placename = concat(holonym_parts, "/", 2) -- Check for modifiers after the holonym placetype. local split_holonym_placetype = split(placetype, ":", true) placetype = split_holonym_placetype[1] local affix_type local saw_also local saw_the for i = 2, #split_holonym_placetype do local modifier = split_holonym_placetype[i] if modifier == "also" then if saw_also then error(("Modifier ':also' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(combined_holonym)) end saw_also = true elseif modifier == "the" then if saw_the then error(("Modifier ':the' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(combined_holonym)) end saw_the = true elseif modifier == "pref" or modifier == "Pref" or modifier == "suf" or modifier == "Suf" or modifier == "noaff" then if affix_type then error(("Affix-type modifier ':%s' occurs twice in holonym '%s'"):format(modifier, combined_holonym)) end affix_type = modifier else error(("Unrecognized holonym placetype modifier '%s', should be one of " .. "'pref', 'Pref', 'suf', 'Suf', 'noaff', 'also' or 'the'"):format(modifier)) end end placetype = m_placetypes.resolve_placetype_aliases(placetype) local holonyms = split_on_comma(placename) local pluralize_affix = #holonyms > 1 local affix_holonym_index = (affix_type == "pref" or affix_type == "Pref") and 1 or affix_type == "noaff" and 0 or #holonyms for i, placename in ipairs(holonyms) do -- Check for langcode before the holonym placename, but don't get tripped up by Wikipedia links, which begin -- "[[w:...]]" or "[[wikipedia:]]". local langcode, placename_without_langcode = rmatch(placename, "^([^%[%]]-):(.*)$") if langcode then placename = placename_without_langcode end placename = m_placetypes.resolve_placename_display_aliases(placetype, placename) holonyms[i] = { placetype = placetype, display_placename = placename, unlinked_placename = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(placename), langcode = langcode, affix_type = i == affix_holonym_index and affix_type or nil, pluralize_affix = i == affix_holonym_index and pluralize_affix, suppress_affix = i ~= affix_holonym_index, no_display = no_display, suppress_comma = suppress_comma, continue_cat_loop = saw_also, force_the = i == 1 and saw_the, } end return holonyms end local get_param_mods = memoize(function() local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module) return m_param_utils.construct_param_mods { {group = {"link", "q", "l", "ref"}}, {param = "eq"}, -- FIXME: Finish [[Module:format utilities]]. --{param = "conj", set = require(format_utilities_module).allowed_conjs_for_join_segments, overall = true}, {param = "conj", set = {["and"] = true, ["or"] = true, ["and/or"] = true}, overall = true}, } end) local function parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(term, paramname, default_lang) -- FIXME: Finish changes to [[Module:parameter utilities]] and [[Module:parse utilities]] that support continuations -- and new-format generate_obj(). --local function generate_obj(data) -- local m_param_utils = require(parameter_utilities_module) -- data.parse_lang_prefix = true -- data.special_continuations = m_param_utils.default_special_continuations -- data.default_lang = default_lang -- return m_param_utils.generate_obj_maybe_parsing_lang_prefix(data) --end local function generate_obj(raw_term, parse_err) local obj = require(parameter_utilities_module).generate_obj_maybe_parsing_lang_prefix { term = raw_term, parse_err = parse_err, parse_lang_prefix = true, } obj.lang = obj.lang or default_lang return obj end return require(parse_interface_module).parse_inline_modifiers(term, { paramname = paramname, param_mods = get_param_mods(), generate_obj = generate_obj, -- FIXME: See above. --generate_obj_new_format = true, splitchar = ",", outer_container = {}, }) end local function parse_form_of_directive(arg, lang, form_of_overridden_args) local form_of_directive, raw_terms = arg:match("^@([a-z -]+):(.*)$") if not form_of_directive then error("Misformatted @-directive: " .. dump(arg)) end if not export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive] then local known_directives = {} for k, _ in pairs(export.all_form_of_directives) do insert(known_directives, '"' .. k .. '"') end table.sort(known_directives) error(("Unrecognized form-of directive %s in @-directive %s; recognized directives are %s"):format( dump(form_of_directive), dump(arg), concat(known_directives, ", "))) end local spec = export.all_form_of_directives[form_of_directive] local canonical_directive = form_of_directive if spec.alias_of then canonical_directive = spec.alias_of spec = export.all_form_of_directives[canonical_directive] if not spec then internal_error("Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is not a directive", "@" .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive) elseif spec.alias_of then internal_error("Form-of directive alias %s points to %s, which is also an alias", "@" .. form_of_directive, canonical_directive) end end local default_foreign = spec.default_foreign local directive_param = "@" .. form_of_directive if form_of_overridden_args and form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive] then raw_terms = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_value local new_directive = form_of_overridden_args[canonical_directive].new_directive local new_spec = export.all_form_of_directives[new_directive] if not new_spec then error(("Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in unrecognized replacement directive '@%s'"): format(new_directive)) end if new_spec.alias_of then error(("Internal error: [[Module:transclude]] passed in replacement directive alias '@%s', " .. "should be canonical"):format(new_directive)) end if new_directive ~= canonical_directive then directive_param = directive_param .. (" (replaced with @%s)"):format(new_directive) canonical_directive = new_directive spec = new_spec end default_foreign = true end local terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(raw_terms, directive_param, default_foreign and lang or enlang) return { directive = canonical_directive, terms = terms.terms, conj = terms.conj, spec = spec, } end -- Parse an argument containing extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, largest -- city, modern name, official name, etc. `args` is the value from the parsed argument structure and can be either nil, -- a string or a list (depending on whether it was declared as a single parameter or a list). `spec` is the extra info -- spec corresponding to the type of extra info. Each value in `args` can be a comma-separated list of terms with inline -- modifiers attached. [FIXME: we should switch to always using the comma-separated format and disallow list parameters -- such as |capital=, |capital2=, etc.] The return value is a structure containing fields `terms` (a list of term -- objects, each of which is in the format expected by full_link() in [[Module:links]]), `conj` (an explicit -- conjunction to join multiple terms, or nil if no explicit conjunction was given) and `spec` (the passed-in spec). local function parse_extra_info_arg(args, spec, default_lang) if not args then return nil end if type(args) ~= "table" then args = {args} end if not args[1] then return nil end local terms = nil local conj for i, arg in ipairs(args) do local this_terms = parse_term_with_inline_modifiers(arg, spec.arg .. (i == 1 and "" or i), default_lang) local thisconj = this_terms.conj if not conj then conj = thisconj elseif thisconj and conj ~= thisconj then error(("Two different conjunctions '%s' and '%s' specified for |%s=; you only need to specify the " .. "conjunction once"):format(conj, thisconj)) end if not terms then terms = this_terms.terms else m_table.extend(terms, this_terms.terms) end end return { spec = spec, terms = terms, conj = conj, } end --[==[ Parse a "new-style" place description, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>` amid otherwise raw text. Return value is a place description object as documented at the top of the file. Exported for use by [[Module:demonyms]]. ]==] function export.parse_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) local placetypes = {} local segments = split(text, "<<(.-)>>") local retval = {holonyms = {}, order = {}} local form_of_directives_already_present = form_of_directives and not not form_of_directives[1] for i, segment in ipairs(segments) do if i % 2 == 1 then insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = segment}) elseif segment:find("@") then if not form_of_directives then error(("Form-of directive '%s' not allowed in this context"):format(segment)) elseif form_of_directives_already_present then error(("Saw form-of directive '%s' in new-style place desc followed by direct (separate-parameter) form-of directives; not allowed"):format( segment)) elseif placetypes[1] or retval.holonyms[1] then error(("Form-of directive '%s' must come first, before placetypes and holonyms"):format(segment)) else local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(segment, lang, form_of_overridden_args) if not retval.order[1] or retval.order[1].type ~= "raw" or retval.order[2] then internal_error("`retval.order` should have a single raw element: %s", retval.order) end form_of_directive.pretext = retval.order[1].value retval.order[1] = nil insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive) end elseif segment:find("/") then local holonyms = split_holonym(segment) for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do if j > 1 then if not holonym.no_display then if j == #holonyms then insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = " and "}) else insert(retval.order, {type = "raw", value = ", "}) end end -- All but the first in a multi-holonym need an article. For the first one, the article is -- specified in the raw text if needed. (Currently, needs_article is only used when displaying the -- holonym, so it wouldn't matter when no_display is set, but we set it anyway in case we need it -- for something else.) holonym.needs_article = true end insert(retval.holonyms, holonym) if not holonym.no_display then insert(retval.order, {type = "holonym", value = #retval.holonyms}) end m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(retval, holonym) end else local treat_as, display = segment:match("^(..-):(.+)$") if treat_as then segment = treat_as else display = segment end -- see if the placetype segment is just qualifiers local only_qualifiers = true local split_segments = split(segment, " ", true) for _, split_segment in ipairs(split_segments) do if m_placetypes.placetype_qualifiers[split_segment] == nil then only_qualifiers = false break end end insert(placetypes, {placetype = segment, only_qualifiers = only_qualifiers}) if only_qualifiers then insert(retval.order, {type = "qualifier", value = display}) else insert(retval.order, {type = "placetype", value = display}) end end end if not form_of_directives_already_present and form_of_directives and form_of_directives[1] then form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext = "" end local final_placetypes = {} for i, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do if i > 1 and placetypes[i - 1].only_qualifiers then final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] = final_placetypes[#final_placetypes] .. " " .. placetypes[i].placetype else insert(final_placetypes, placetypes[i].placetype) end end retval.placetypes = final_placetypes return retval end --[==[ Parse one or more "new-style" place descriptions, with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>` amid otherwise raw text. Multiple descriptions are separated by two semicolons in a row. Return value is a list of place description objects as documented at the top of the file. ]==] local function parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(text, lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) local separate_specs = split(text, ";(;[^ ]*)") local descs = {} for i = 1, #separate_specs do if i % 2 == 1 then insert(descs, export.parse_new_style_place_desc(separate_specs[i], lang, form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args)) form_of_directives = nil else descs[#descs].separator = separate_specs[i] end end return descs end --[=[ Process numeric and "extra info" arguments into an overall place spec, as described at the top of the file. `data` is an object with the following fields: * `args`: The parsed arguments of {{tl|place}}. * `from_tcl`: True if we're being invoked from {{tl|tcl}}. * `extra_info_overridden_set`, `form_of_overridden_args`: Same as the corresponding fields in the `data` object passed to `export.format`. ]=] local function parse_overall_place_spec(data) local args, from_tcl, extra_info_overridden_set, form_of_overridden_args = data.args, data.from_tcl, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.form_of_overridden_args local descs = {} local this_desc -- Index of separate (semicolon-separated) place descriptions within `descs`. local desc_index = 1 -- Index of separate holonyms within a place description. 0 means we've seen no holonyms and have yet to process -- the placetypes that precede the holonyms. 1 means we've seen no holonyms but have already processed the -- placetypes. local holonym_index = 0 local in_place_desc = false local form_of_directives = {} local function set_desc_joiner(desc, separator) if separator == ";" then this_desc.joiner = "; " this_desc.include_following_article = true elseif separator == ";;" then this_desc.joiner = " " else local joiner = separator:sub(2) if rfind(joiner, "^%a") then this_desc.joiner = " " .. joiner .. " " else this_desc.joiner = joiner .. " " end end end for _, arg in ipairs(args[2]) do if arg:find("^@") then if not (desc_index == 1 and holonym_index == 0) then error("@-directives cannot follow place descriptions") end local form_of_directive = parse_form_of_directive(arg, args[1], form_of_overridden_args) if form_of_directives[1] then form_of_directive.pretext = ", " else form_of_directive.pretext = "" end insert(form_of_directives, form_of_directive) elseif arg == ";" or arg:find("^;[^ ]") then if not this_desc then error("Saw semicolon joiner without preceding place description") end set_desc_joiner(this_desc, arg) desc_index = desc_index + 1 holonym_index = 0 in_place_desc = false else if arg:find("<<") then if in_place_desc then error("New-style place description must come first or following a separator (semicolon or similar), not directly following another description") end in_place_desc = true local this_descs = parse_conjoined_new_style_place_desc(arg, args[1], form_of_directives, form_of_overridden_args) for j, desc in ipairs(this_descs) do this_desc = desc if holonym_index > 0 then desc_index = desc_index + 1 holonym_index = 0 end if j < #this_descs then set_desc_joiner(this_desc, this_desc.separator) end descs[desc_index] = this_desc last_was_new_style = true holonym_index = #this_desc.holonyms + 1 end else -- Old-style arguments can directly follow a new-style argument; they become additional holonyms -- tacked onto the end of the holonym list, and are displayed old-style except that there is no -- prefix before the first one following the new-style argument. in_place_desc = true if holonym_index == 0 then local entry_placetypes = split_on_slash(arg) this_desc = {placetypes = entry_placetypes, holonyms = {}} descs[desc_index] = this_desc holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 else local holonyms = split_holonym(arg) for j, holonym in ipairs(holonyms) do if j > 1 then -- All but the first in a multi-holonym need an article. Not for the first one because e.g. -- {{place|en|city|s/Arizona|c/United States}} should not display as "a city in Arizona, the -- United States". The overall first holonym in the place description gets an article if -- needed regardless of our setting here. holonym.needs_article = true -- Insert "and" before the last holonym. if j == #holonyms then this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = { -- Use the no_display value from the first holonym; it should be the same for all -- holonyms. `unlinked_placename` should not be used. display_placename = "and", no_display = holonyms[1].no_display } holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 end end this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] = holonym m_placetypes.key_holonym_into_place_desc(this_desc, this_desc.holonyms[holonym_index]) holonym_index = holonym_index + 1 end end end end end if form_of_directives[1] and not form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext then form_of_directives[#form_of_directives].posttext = (args.def and args.def ~= "-" or not args.def and descs[1]) and ": " or "" end -- Tracking code. This does nothing but add tracking for seen placetypes and qualifiers. The place will be linked to -- [[Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/PLACETYPE]] for all entry placetypes seen; in addition, if PLACETYPE -- has qualifiers (e.g. 'small city'), there will be links for the bare placetype minus qualifiers and separately -- for the qualifiers themselves: -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/BARE_PLACETYPE]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/QUALIFIER]] -- Note that if there are multiple qualifiers, there will be links for each possible split. For example, for -- 'small maritime city'), there will be the following links: -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/small maritime city]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/maritime city]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-placetype/city]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/small]] -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/entry-qualifier/maritime]] -- Finally, there are also links for holonym placetypes, e.g. if the holonym 'c/Italy' occurs, there will be the -- following link: -- [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/place/holonym-placetype/country]] for _, desc in ipairs(descs) do for _, entry_placetype in ipairs(desc.placetypes) do local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(entry_placetype, "no canon qualifiers") for _, split in ipairs(splits) do local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) track("entry-placetype/" .. bare_placetype) if this_qualifier then track("entry-qualifier/" .. this_qualifier) end end end for _, holonym in ipairs(desc.holonyms) do if holonym.placetype then track("holonym-placetype/" .. holonym.placetype) end end end local extra_info = {} for _, extra_info_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do local extra_info_terms = parse_extra_info_arg(args[extra_info_spec.arg], extra_info_spec, -- If called from {{tcl}} and extra info argument was set by {{tcl}}, interpret the argument -- according to the language in 1=; otherwise interpret as English. To override this, prefix -- with the appropriate language. from_tcl and extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_spec.arg] and args[1] or enlang) if extra_info_terms then insert(extra_info, extra_info_terms) end end return { lang = args[1], args = args, directives = form_of_directives, descs = descs, extra_info = extra_info, } end -------- Definition-generating functions -- Return a string with the wikilinks to the English translations of the word. local function get_translations(transl, ids) local ret = {} for i, t in ipairs(transl) do local arg_transls = split_on_comma(t) local arg_ids = ids[i] if arg_ids then arg_ids = split_on_comma(arg_ids) if #arg_transls ~= #arg_ids then error(("Saw %s translation%s in t%s=%s but %s ID%s in tid%s=%s"):format( #arg_transls, #arg_transls > 1 and "s" or "", i == 1 and "" or i, t, #arg_ids, #arg_ids > 1 and "'s" or "", i == 1 and "" or i, ids[i])) end end for j, arg_transl in ipairs(arg_transls) do insert(ret, link(arg_transl, "en", arg_ids and arg_ids[j] or nil)) end end return concat(ret, ", ") end -- Return the article (currently always `"the"`) to be prepended to the given placename, or nil. `decorated_placename` -- is the placename as specified by the user along with any affix added to it. `placename` is the raw unlinked -- placename, defaulting to the unlinked version of `decorated_placename` if not given. `placetypes` is a placetype or -- list of placetypes for the placename. `suppress_holonym_use_the_check` suppresses checking the placetypes for -- `holonym_use_the`. local function get_placename_article(decorated_placename, placetypes, placename, suppress_holonym_use_the_check) local unlinked_decorated_placename = m_placetypes.remove_links_and_html(decorated_placename) if unlinked_decorated_placename:find("^the ") then return nil end placename = placename or unlinked_decorated_placename if type(placetypes) == "string" then placetypes = {placetypes} end for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local art = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local art = m_placetypes.placename_article[pt] and m_placetypes.placename_article[pt][placename] if art then return art end end) if art then return art end end -- Get equivalent placetypes of the specified placetype so that e.g. -- {{place|en|@official name of:Bahamas|island country|r/Caribbean}} put 'the' before Bahamas ("Bahamas" is just -- specified as a country but "island country" falls back to "country"). local all_equiv_placetypes = {} for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local this_equiv_placetypes = m_placetypes.get_placetype_equivs(placetype) for _, this_equiv_placetype in ipairs(this_equiv_placetypes) do insert(all_equiv_placetypes, this_equiv_placetype.placetype) end end -- Look for a known location. We should be using find_matching_holonym_location() but that function doesn't -- currently work without alias resolution. Instead we check if any matching location has `the = true` set. -- In practice there aren't any cases where a given placename matches two locations, only one of which has -- `the = true` set. for group, key, spec in m_placetypes.iterate_matching_location { placetypes = all_equiv_placetypes, placename = placename, alias_resolution = "none", } do -- `iterate_holonym_location` doesn't initialize the spec if alias resolution is turned off, so check both -- the spec and group. Be careful in case `the = false` is explicitly given by the spec. if spec.the ~= nil then if spec.the then return "the" end elseif group.default_the then return "the" end end if not suppress_holonym_use_the_check then -- See if the placetype requests an article to be placed before the placename. This occurs e.g. with 'sea'. But -- if the user specifies e.g. "sea:pref/Cortez", we'll wrongly get "the sea of the Cortez", so in that case we -- need to ignore the holonym article specified along with the placetype. for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local holonym_use_the = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) return placetype_data[pt] and placetype_data[pt].holonym_use_the end) if holonym_use_the then return "the" end end end local universal_res = m_placetypes.placename_the_re["*"] for _, re in ipairs(universal_res) do if unlinked_decorated_placename:find(re) then return "the" end end for _, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do local matched = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local res = m_placetypes.placename_the_re[pt] if not res then return nil end for _, re in ipairs(res) do if unlinked_decorated_placename:find(re) then return true end end return nil end) if matched then return "the" end end return nil end -- Prepend the appropriate article if needed to `decorated_placename` (the user-specified placename with any affix -- added), where the underlying holonym object that generated `linked_placename` can be found at `holonym_index` in the -- holonyms in `place_desc`. local function get_holonym_article(decorated_placename, place_desc, holonym_index) local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] local holonym_placetype = holonym.placetype if not holonym_placetype then return nil end return get_placename_article(decorated_placename, holonym_placetype, holonym.unlinked_placename, not not holonym.affix_type) end -- Convert a holonym into display format. This adds wikilinks to holonyms and passes them through any display handlers, -- which may (e.g.) add the placetype to the holonym. If `needs_article` is true, prepend the article `"the"` if the -- holonym requires it (e.g. if the holonym is `United States`). `needs_article` is set to true we are processing the -- first specified holonym in an old-style place description (i.e. the holonym directly following the entry placetype, -- with no raw-text holonym in between). -- -- Examples: -- ({placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States"}, true) returns -- the template-expanded equivalent of "the {{l|en|United States}}". -- ({placetype = "region", display_placename = "O'Higgins", unlinked_placename = "O'Higgins", affix_type = "suf"}, false) -- returns the template-expanded equivalent of "{{l|en|O'Higgins}} region". -- ({display_placename = "in the southern"}, false) returns "in the southern" (without wikilinking because .placetype -- and .langcode are both nil). local function format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, needs_article) local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] if holonym.no_display then return "" end local orig_needs_article = needs_article needs_article = needs_article or holonym.needs_article or holonym.force_the local output = holonym.display_placename local placetype = holonym.placetype local affix_type_pt_data, affix_type, affix_is_prefix, affix, prefix, suffix, no_affix_strings local pt_equiv_for_affix_type, already_seen_affix, need_affix -- Implement display handlers. local display_handler = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) return placetype_data[pt] and placetype_data[pt].display_handler end) if display_handler then output = display_handler(placetype, output) end if not holonym.suppress_affix then -- Implement adding an affix (prefix or suffix) based on the holonym's placetype. The affix will be -- added either if the placetype's placetype_data spec says so (by setting 'affix_type'), or if the -- user explicitly called for this (e.g. by using 'r:suf/O'Higgins'). Before adding the affix, -- however, we check to see if the affix is already present (e.g. the placetype is "district" -- and the placename is "Mission District"). The placetype can override the affix to add (by setting -- `prefix`, `suffix` or `affix`) and/or override the strings used for checking if the affix is already -- present (by setting 'no_affix_strings', which defaults to the affix explicitly given through `prefix`, -- `suffix` or `affix` if any are given). `prefix` and `suffix` take precedence over `affix` if both are -- set, but only when the appropriate type of affix is requested. -- Search through equivalent placetypes for a setting of `affix_type`, `affix`, `prefix` or `suffix`. If we -- find any, use them. If `affix_type` is given, it is overridden by the user's explicitly specified affix -- type. If either an `affix_type` is found or the user explicitly specified an affix type, the affix is -- displayed according to the following: -- 1. If `prefix`, `suffix` or `affix` is given by the placetype or equivalent placetypes, use it (e.g. -- placetype `administrative region` requests suffix "region" but doesn't set affix type; if the user -- explicitly specifies `administrative region` as the placetype for a holonym and specifies a suffixal -- affix type, use "region"). In this search, we stop looking if we find an explicit `affix_type` -- setting; if this is found without an associated affix setting, the assumption is the associated -- placetype was intended as the affix, not some explicit affix setting associated with a fallback -- placetype. -- 2. Otherwise, if the user explicitly requested an affix type, use the actual placetype (principle of -- least surprise). -- 3. Finally, fall back to the placetype associated with an explicit `affix_type` setting (which will -- always exist if we get this far). affix_type_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix_type = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local cdpt = placetype_data[pt] return cdpt and cdpt.affix_type and cdpt or nil end ) affix_pt_data, pt_equiv_for_affix = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(placetype, function(pt) local cdpt = placetype_data[pt] return cdpt and (cdpt.affix_type or cdpt.affix or cdpt.prefix or cdpt.suffix) and cdpt or nil end ) if affix_type_pt_data then affix_type = affix_type_pt_data.affix_type need_affix = true end if affix_pt_data then prefix = affix_pt_data.prefix or affix_pt_data.affix suffix = affix_pt_data.suffix or affix_pt_data.affix need_affix = true end no_affix_strings = affix_pt_data and affix_pt_data.no_affix_strings or affix_type_pt_data and affix_type_pt_data.no_affix_strings if holonym.affix_type and placetype then affix_type = holonym.affix_type prefix = prefix or placetype suffix = suffix or placetype need_affix = true end if need_affix then -- At this point the affix_type has been determined and can't change any more, so we can figure out -- whether we need the calculated prefix or suffix. affix_is_prefix = affix_type == "pref" or affix_type == "Pref" if affix_is_prefix then affix = prefix else affix = suffix end if not affix then if not pt_equiv_for_affix_type then internal_error("Something wrong, `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` not set processing holonym: %s", holonym) end affix = pt_equiv_for_affix_type.placetype if not affix then internal_error("Something wrong, no affix could be located in `pt_equiv_for_affix_type` for " .. "holonym %s: %s", holonym, pt_equiv_for_affix_type) end end no_affix_strings = no_affix_strings or lc(affix) if holonym.pluralize_affix then affix = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(affix) end already_seen_affix = m_placetypes.check_already_seen_string(output, no_affix_strings) end end output = link(output, holonym.langcode or placetype and "en" or nil) if need_affix and not affix_is_prefix and not already_seen_affix then output = output .. " " .. (affix_type == "Suf" and ucfirst_all(affix) or affix) end if needs_article then local article = holonym.force_the and "the" or get_holonym_article(output, place_desc, holonym_index) if article then output = article .. " " .. output end end if affix_is_prefix and not already_seen_affix then output = (affix_type == "Pref" and ucfirst_all(affix) or affix) .. " of " .. output if orig_needs_article then -- Put the article before the added affix if we're the first holonym in the place description. This is -- distinct from the article added above for the holonym itself; cf. "c:pref/United States,Canada" -> -- "the countries of the United States and Canada". We need to use the value of `needs_article` passed -- in from the function, which indicates whether we're processing the first holonym. output = "the " .. output end end return output end -- Format a holonym for display, taking into account the entry's placetype (specifically, the last placetype if there -- are more than one, excluding conjunctions and parenthetical items); the holonym's index among the holonyms in the -- template (which specifies what the previous holonym is and whether it is the first holonym); and the full place -- description (which helps resolve ambiguities in holonyms when looking up known locations). This may involve putting a -- preposition ("in" or "of") before the formatted holonym, particularly if it is the first one, and may involve -- prepending a comma. If `holonym_no_prefix` is specified, nothing except a space is put before the holonym; used -- when formatting mixed new/old-style descriptions. local function format_holonym_in_context(entry_placetype, place_desc, holonym_index, holonym_no_prefix) local desc = "" -- If holonym.placetype is nil, the holonym is just raw text, e.g. 'in southern'. if holonym_no_prefix then desc = " " else local holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index] if not holonym.no_display then -- First compute the initial delimiter. if holonym_index == 1 then if holonym.placetype then desc = desc .. " " .. m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(entry_placetype) .. " " elseif not holonym.display_placename:find("^,") then desc = desc .. " " end else local prev_holonym = place_desc.holonyms[holonym_index - 1] if prev_holonym.placetype and not holonym.suppress_comma then local dname = holonym.display_placename if dname ~= "and" and dname ~= "in" and dname ~= "and the" and dname ~= "in the" then desc = desc .. "," end end if holonym.placetype or not holonym.display_placename:find("^,") then desc = desc .. " " end end end end return desc .. format_holonym(place_desc, holonym_index, not holonym_no_prefix and holonym_index == 1) end -- Return the linked description of a placetype. This splits off any qualifiers and displays them separately. local function get_placetype_description(placetype) local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(placetype) local prefix = "" for _, split in ipairs(splits) do local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) if this_qualifier then prefix = (prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. " " .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier) .. " " else prefix = "" end local display_form = m_placetypes.get_placetype_display_form(bare_placetype) if display_form then return prefix .. display_form end placetype = bare_placetype end return prefix .. placetype end -- Return the linked description of a qualifier (which may be multiple words). local function get_qualifier_description(qualifier) local splits = m_placetypes.split_qualifiers_from_placetype(qualifier .. " foo") local split = splits[#splits] local prev_qualifier, this_qualifier, bare_placetype = unpack(split, 1, 3) return prev_qualifier and prev_qualifier .. " " .. this_qualifier or this_qualifier end -- Format a set of form-of directive terms. local function format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl) local formatted_terms = {} local placetypes if not overall_place_spec.descs[2] then placetypes = overall_place_spec.descs[1].placetypes else placetypes = {} for _, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do m_table.extend(placetypes, desc.placetypes) end end for _, termobj in ipairs(directive_terms.terms) do local placename_article if not termobj.alt and termobj.term and not termobj.term:find("%[%[") then placename_article = get_placename_article(termobj.term, placetypes) end local linked_term = m_links.full_link(termobj, "term", nil, "show qualifiers") linked_term = "<span class='form-of-definition-link'>" .. linked_term .. "</span>" if termobj.eq then linked_term = linked_term .. " (= " .. m_links.full_link {term = termobj.eq, lang = enlang} .. ")" end if placename_article then linked_term = placename_article .. " " .. linked_term end insert(formatted_terms, linked_term) end local spec = directive_terms.spec local text = spec.text if type(text) == "function" then text = text(overall_place_spec) end if text == "+" then text = directive_terms.directive end if ucfirst then text = m_strutils.ucfirst(text) end if not from_tcl then local tracking_prefix = "form-of/" .. directive_terms.directive track(tracking_prefix) local langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getCode() local full_langcode = overall_place_spec.lang:getFullCode() track(tracking_prefix .. "/" .. langcode) if full_langcode ~= langcode then track(tracking_prefix .. "/" .. full_langcode) end if full_langcode ~= "en" then track(tracking_prefix .. "/non-english") end end return (require(form_of_module).format_form_of { text = text, lemmas = m_table.serialCommaJoin(formatted_terms, {conj = directive_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or "and"}), lemma_classes = false, -- text_classes = "place-text", }) end -- Format a set of extra-info terms for extra information that is sometimes added to a definition, such as the capital, -- largest city, modern name, official name, etc. `overall_place_spec` is the overall parsed {{tl|place}} spec (see -- comment at top of file); `extra_info_terms` is the terms spec for this type of extra-info (as returned by -- `parse_extra_info_arg`); and `sentence_style` indicates whether we're generating a sentence-style definition (as -- suitable for an English-language term without a translation specified using t=). local function format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style) local formatted_terms = {} for _, termobj in ipairs(extra_info_terms.terms) do insert(formatted_terms, m_links.full_link(termobj, nil, nil, "show qualifiers")) end local spec = extra_info_terms.spec local text = spec.text if type(text) == "function" then text = text(overall_place_spec) end if text == "+" then text = spec.arg end if spec.auto_plural and formatted_terms[2] then text = pluralize(text) end if spec.with_colon then text = text .. ":" end if sentence_style and spec.match_sentence_style then text = ". " .. m_strutils.ucfirst(text) else text = "; " .. text end -- FIME: Use joinSegments when available. -- return text .. " " .. -- m_table.joinSegments(formatted_terms, {conj = extra_info_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or "and"}) return text .. " " .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(formatted_terms, {conj = extra_info_terms.conj or spec.conjunction or "and"}) end -- Format an old-style place description (with separate arguments for the placetype and each holonym) for display and -- return the resulting string. local function format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, desc_index, with_article, ucfirst) -- The placetype used to determine whether "in" or "of" follows is the last placetype if there are -- multiple slash-separated placetypes, but ignoring "and", "or" and parenthesized notes -- such as "(one of 254)". local entry_placetype = nil local placetypes = place_desc.placetypes local function is_and_or(item) return item == "and" or item == "or" end local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end local function ins_space() if #parts > 0 then ins(" ") end end local and_or_pos for i, placetype in ipairs(placetypes) do if is_and_or(placetype) then and_or_pos = i -- no break here; we want the last in case of more than one end end local remaining_placetype_index if and_or_pos then track("multiple-placetypes-with-and") if and_or_pos == #placetypes then error("Conjunctions 'and' and 'or' cannot occur last in a set of slash-separated placetypes: " .. concat(placetypes, "/")) end local items = {} for i = 1, and_or_pos + 1 do local pt = placetypes[i] if is_and_or(pt) then -- skip elseif i > 1 and pt:find("^%(") then -- append placetypes beginning with a paren to previous item items[#items] = items[#items] .. " " .. pt else entry_placetype = pt insert(items, get_placetype_description(pt)) end end ins(m_table.serialCommaJoin(items, {conj = placetypes[and_or_pos]})) remaining_placetype_index = and_or_pos + 2 else remaining_placetype_index = 1 end for i = remaining_placetype_index, #placetypes do local pt = placetypes[i] -- Check for and, or and placetypes beginning with a paren (so that things like -- "{{place|en|county/(one of 254)|s/Texas}}" work). if m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(pt) then ins_space() ins(pt) else entry_placetype = pt -- Join multiple placetypes with comma unless placetypes are already -- joined with "and". We allow "the" to precede the second placetype -- if they're not joined with "and" (so we get "city and county seat of ..." -- but "city, the county seat of ..."). if i > 1 then ins(", ") local article = m_placetypes.get_placetype_article(pt) if article ~= "the" and i > remaining_placetype_index then -- Track cases where we are comma-separating multiple placetypes without the second one starting -- with "the", as they may be mistakes. The occurrence of "the" is usually intentional, e.g. -- {{place|zh|municipality/state capital|s/Rio de Janeiro|c/Brazil|t1=Rio de Janeiro}} -- for the city of [[Rio de Janeiro]], which displays as "a municipality, the state capital of ...". track("multiple-placetypes-without-and-or-the") end if article then ins(article) ins(" ") end end ins(get_placetype_description(pt)) end end if place_desc.holonyms then for holonym_index, _ in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do ins(format_holonym_in_context(entry_placetype, place_desc, holonym_index)) end end local gloss = concat(parts) if with_article then local article if desc_index == 1 then article = args.a else if not place_desc.holonyms then -- there isn't a following holonym; the place type given might be raw text as well, so don't add -- an article. with_article = false else local saw_placetype_holonym = false for _, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if holonym.placetype then saw_placetype_holonym = true break end end if not saw_placetype_holonym then -- following holonym(s)s is/are just raw text; the place type given might be raw text as well, -- so don't add an article. with_article = false end end if with_article then track("second-or-higher-description-with-added-article") else track("second-or-higher-description-suppressed-article") end end if with_article then article = article or m_placetypes.get_placetype_article(place_desc.placetypes[1], ucfirst) if article then gloss = article .. " " .. gloss elseif ucfirst then gloss = m_strutils.ucfirst(gloss) end end end return gloss end --[==[ Get the full gloss (English description) of a new-style place description. New-style place descriptions are specified with a single string containing raw text interspersed with placetypes and holonyms surrounded by `<<...>>`. Exported for use by [[Module:demonyms]]. ]==] function export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, place_desc, with_article) local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end if with_article and args.a then ins(args.a .. " ") end local max_holonym = 0 for _, order in ipairs(place_desc.order) do local segment_type, segment = order.type, order.value if segment_type == "raw" then ins(segment) elseif segment_type == "placetype" then ins(get_placetype_description(segment)) elseif segment_type == "qualifier" then ins(get_qualifier_description(segment)) elseif segment_type == "holonym" then ins(format_holonym(place_desc, segment, false)) if segment > max_holonym then max_holonym = segment end else internal_error("Unrecognized segment type %s", segment_type) end end if place_desc.holonyms and max_holonym < #place_desc.holonyms then local holonym_no_prefix = true for holonym_index = max_holonym + 1, #place_desc.holonyms do ins(format_holonym_in_context(nil, place_desc, holonym_index, holonym_no_prefix)) holonym_no_prefix = false end end return concat(parts) end -- Return a string with the gloss (the description of the place itself, as opposed to translations). If `ucfirst` is -- given, the gloss's first letter is made upper case. If `sentence_style` is given, the "extra info" (modern name, -- capital, largest city, etc.) is displayed as separated sentences; otherwise, it is displayed separated from the main -- definition by semicolons. local function get_display_form(data) local overall_place_spec, ucfirst, sentence_style, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = data.overall_place_spec, data.ucfirst, data.sentence_style, data.drop_extra_info, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.from_tcl local args = overall_place_spec.args local parts = {} local function ins(txt) table.insert(parts, txt) end if overall_place_spec.directives and overall_place_spec.directives[1] then for i, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do ins(directive_terms.pretext) if directive_terms.pretext ~= "" then ucfirst = false end if not args.def or args.def == "-" then ins(format_form_of_directive(overall_place_spec, directive_terms, ucfirst, from_tcl)) ucfirst = false if i == #overall_place_spec.directives and directive_terms.posttext then ins(directive_terms.posttext) end end end end if args.def == "-" then return concat(parts) end if args.def then if args.def:find("<<") then local def_desc = export.parse_new_style_place_desc(args.def, args[1]) ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display({}, def_desc, false)) else ins(args.def) end else local include_article = true for n, desc in ipairs(overall_place_spec.descs) do if desc.order then ins(export.format_new_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n == 1)) else ins(format_old_style_place_desc_for_display(args, desc, n, include_article, ucfirst)) end if desc.joiner then ins(desc.joiner) end include_article = desc.include_following_article ucfirst = false end end local addl = args.addl if addl then posttext = posttext or "" if addl:find("^[;:]") then ins(addl) elseif addl:find("^_") then ins(" " .. addl:sub(2)) else ins(", " .. addl) end end for _, extra_info_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.extra_info) do -- Include a given extra info term either when -- (1) drop_extra_info not set (it's set by {{tcl}}), or -- (2) the extra info term is marked as "display even when dropped" (e.g. modern= or full=, to help understand -- the term's sense), or -- (3) the term was overridden by a `place_*=` setting in {{tcl}}. if not drop_extra_info or extra_info_terms.spec.display_even_when_dropped or extra_info_overridden_set and extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_terms.spec.arg] then ins(format_extra_info(overall_place_spec, extra_info_terms, sentence_style)) end end return concat(parts) end -- Return the definition line. local function get_def(data) local overall_place_spec, from_tcl, drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set, translation_follows = data.overall_place_spec, data.from_tcl, data.drop_extra_info, data.extra_info_overridden_set, data.translation_follows local args = overall_place_spec.args local sentence_style = overall_place_spec.lang:getCode() == "en" local ucfirst = sentence_style and not args.nocap if #args.t > 0 then local gloss = get_display_form { overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec, ucfirst = false, sentence_style = false, drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = from_tcl, } if from_tcl and not args.tcl_nolc then gloss = m_strutils.lcfirst(gloss) end if translation_follows then return (gloss == "" and "" or gloss .. ": ") .. get_translations(args.t, args.tid) else return get_translations(args.t, args.tid) .. (gloss == "" and "" or " (" .. gloss .. ")") end else return get_display_form { overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec, ucfirst = ucfirst, sentence_style = sentence_style, drop_extra_info = drop_extra_info, extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set, from_tcl = from_tcl, } end end ---------- Functions for the category wikicode -- The code in this section finds the categories to which a given place belongs. See comment at top of file. --[=[ Find the appropriate category specs for a given place description and placetype. For example, for the template invocation {{tl|place|en|city/and/county|s/Pennsylvania|c/US}}, which results in the place description ``` { placetypes = {"city", "and", "county"}, holonyms = { {placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania"}, {placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States"}, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Pennsylvania"}, country = {"United States"}, }, } ``` the call ``` find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = "city", place_desc = { placetypes = {"city", "and", "county"}, holonyms = { {placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania"}, {placetype = "country", display_placename = "United States", unlinked_placename = "United States"}, }, holonyms_by_placetype = { state = {"Pennsylvania"}, country = {"United States"}, }, }, } ``` might produce the return value ``` { entry_placetype = "city", cat_specs = {"Cities in Pennsylvania, USA"}, triggering_holonym = {placetype = "state", display_placename = "Pennsylvania", unlinked_placename = "Pennsylvania"}, triggering_holonym_index = 1, } ``` See the comment at the top of the section for a description of category specs and the overall algorithm. On entry, `data` is an object with the following fields: * `entry_placetype`: the entry placetype (or equivalent) used to look up the category data in placetype_data, which must have already been resolved to a placetype with an entry in `placetype_data`; * `place_desc`: the full place description as documented at the top of the file (used only for its holonyms); * `first_holonym_index`: the index of the first holonym to consider when iterating through the holonyms (used to implement the `:also` holonym placetype modifier); * `overriding_holonym`: an optional overriding holonym to use, in place of iterating through the holonyms (used to implement categorizing other holonyms of the same type as the triggering holonym, so that e.g. {{tl|place|en|river|s/Kansas,Nebraska}}, or equivalently {{tl|place|en|river|s/Kansas|and|s/Nebraska}}, works); * `from_demonym`: we are called from {{tl|demonym-noun}} or {{tl|demonym-adj}} instead of {{tl|place}}, and should generate categories appropriate to those templates. * `form_of_directive`: A form-of directive prefix such as `FORMER_NAME_OF`. If specified, use that type prefix to generate categories appropriate to the form-of directive (in addition to the regular categories generated for the {{tl|place}} invocation, which happens in a separate call). The return value is {nil} if no category specs could be located, otherwise an object with the following fields: * `entry_placetype`: the placetype that should be used to construct categories when `true` is one of the returned category specs (normally the same as the `entry_placetype` passed in, but will be different when a "fallback" key exists and is used); * `cat_specs`: list of category specs as described above; * `triggering_holonym`: the triggering holonym (see the comment at the top of the section), or nil if there was no triggering holonym; * `triggering_holonym_index`: the index of the triggering holonym in the list of holonyms in `place_desc`, or nil if an overriding holonym was passed in or there was no triggering holonym. ]=] local function find_placetype_cat_specs(data) local entry_placetype, place_desc, first_holonym_index, overriding_holonym, from_demonym = data.entry_placetype, data.place_desc, data.first_holonym_index, data.overriding_holonym, data.from_demonym local form_of_directive = data.form_of_directive local function fetch_cat_specs(holonym_to_match, index, no_fallback) local holonym_placetype = holonym_to_match.placetype if not holonym_placetype then -- raw text in place of holonym return nil end local holonym_placename = holonym_to_match.unlinked_placename if not holonym_placename then internal_error("Missing unlinked_placename in holonym (index %s): %s", index, holonym_to_match) end local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return m_placetypes.political_division_cat_handler { entry_placetype = equiv_entry_pt, holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt, holonym_placename = holonym_placename, holonym_index = index, place_desc = place_desc, from_demonym = from_demonym, } end) end, {no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end local cat_handler, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt] if entry_placetype_data and entry_placetype_data.cat_handler then return entry_placetype_data.cat_handler end end, {no_fallback = no_fallback, form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_handler then local cat_specs = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return cat_handler { entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype, holonym_placetype = equiv_holonym_pt, holonym_placename = holonym_placename, holonym_index = index, place_desc = place_desc, from_demonym = from_demonym, } end) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end end if not no_fallback then local cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(equiv_entry_pt) local entry_placetype_data = m_placetypes.placetype_data[equiv_entry_pt] if entry_placetype_data then return m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(holonym_placetype, function(equiv_holonym_pt) return entry_placetype_data[equiv_holonym_pt .. "/*"] end) end end, {form_of_directive = form_of_directive} ) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return cat_specs, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype end end return nil end if overriding_holonym then -- FIXME, change the algorithm to eliminate overriding_holonym local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(overriding_holonym, nil) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = overriding_holonym, -- no triggering_holonym_index } end else -- We loop twice over holonyms, the first time setting `no_fallback` so that we process only category specs for -- the specifically given entry placetype (possibly with preceding qualifiers). The reason for this is to -- correctly handle cases like [[Poblacion IX]]: -- {{place|en|barangay|mun/Roxas|p/Capiz|c/Philippines}}. -- "barangay" falls back to "neighborhood", and without the `no_fallback` loop, the neighborhood cat handler run -- on the mun/Roxas holonym will take precedence over the barangay-specific setting for p/Capiz because we -- check, for each holonym in turn, first for a matching spec through political_division_cat_handler, then a cat -- handler, then a wildcard spec like country/*. During the first no-fallback loop, we disable checking for -- wildcard specs because it seems a fallback matching exactly or through a cat handler on an earlier holonym -- would be better than a wildcard match for the exact entry placetype at a later holonym. (FIXME: But I don't -- know for sure; maybe we should check wildcard holonyms on the exact entry placetype first, or contrariwise -- maybe we should check only exact-match holonyms through political_division_cat_handler on the exact entry -- placetype first, not even checking other cat handlers.) for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if first_holonym_index and i < first_holonym_index then -- continue else local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i, "no_fallback") if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = holonym, triggering_holonym_index = i, } end end end for i, holonym in ipairs(place_desc.holonyms) do if first_holonym_index and i < first_holonym_index then -- continue else local cat_specs, fetched_entry_placetype = fetch_cat_specs(holonym, i) if cat_specs and cat_specs[1] then return { entry_placetype = fetched_entry_placetype, cat_specs = cat_specs, triggering_holonym = holonym, triggering_holonym_index = i, } end end end end return nil end -- Turn a list of category specs (see comment at section top) into the corresponding categories (minus the language -- code prefix). The function is given the following arguments: -- (1) the category specs retrieved using find_placetype_cat_specs(); -- (2) the entry placetype used to fetch the entry in `placetype_data` -- (3) the triggering holonym (a holonym object; see comment at top of file) used to fetch the category specs -- (see top-of-section comment); or nil if no triggering holonym. -- The return value is constructed as described in the top-of-section comment. local function cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data) local all_cats = {} local cat_specs, entry_placetype, triggering_holonym, triggering_holonym_index = cat_data.cat_specs, cat_data.entry_placetype, cat_data.triggering_holonym, cat_data.triggering_holonym_index if triggering_holonym then for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do local cat if cat_spec == true then cat = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype, "ucfirst") .. " " .. m_placetypes.get_placetype_entry_preposition(entry_placetype) .. " +++" else cat = cat_spec end if cat:find("%+%+%+") then local group, key, spec, container_trail = m_placetypes.find_matching_holonym_location { holonym_placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype, holonym_placename = triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename, holonym_index = triggering_holonym_index, place_desc = place_desc, } if group then cat = cat:gsub("%+%+%+", m_strutils.replacement_escape(m_placetypes.get_prefixed_key(key, spec))) insert(all_cats, cat) else mw.log(("Unable to insert category for cat spec '%s' because holonym '%s/%s' did not match a " .. "known location"):format(cat, triggering_holonym.placetype, triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename)) track("cant-match-holonym-for-category-spec") end else insert(all_cats, cat) end end else for _, cat_spec in ipairs(cat_specs) do local cat if cat_spec == true then cat = m_placetypes.pluralize_placetype(entry_placetype, "ucfirst") else cat = cat_spec if cat:find("%+%+%+") then internal_error("Category %s contains +++ but there is no holonym to substitute", cat) end end insert(all_cats, cat) end end return all_cats end -- Return the categories (without initial lang code) that should be added to the entry, given the place description -- (which specifies the entry placetype(s) and holonym(s); see top of file) and a particular entry placetype (e.g. -- "city"). Note that only the holonyms from the place description are looked at, not the entry placetypes in the place -- description. local function get_placetype_cats(place_desc, entry_placetype, from_demonym, form_of_directive) local cats = {} local first_holonym_index = 1 while first_holonym_index <= #place_desc.holonyms do -- Find the category specs (see top-of-file comment) corresponding to the holonym(s) in the place description. local cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = entry_placetype, place_desc = place_desc, first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index, from_demonym = from_demonym, form_of_directive = form_of_directive, } -- Check if no category spec could be found. if not cat_data then break end local triggering_holonym = cat_data.triggering_holonym if not triggering_holonym then internal_error("find_placetype_cat_specs should have returned a triggering holonym: %s", cat_data) end -- Generate categories for the category specs found. extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, cat_data)) -- Also generate categories for other holonyms of the same placetype, so that e.g. -- {{place|en|city|s/Kansas|and|s/Missouri|c/USA}} generates both [[:Category:en:Cities in Kansas, USA]] and -- [[:Category:en:Cities in Missouri, USA]]. first_holonym_index = cat_data.triggering_holonym_index -- Loop over non-fallback equivalent placetypes to the triggering holonym's placetype, in case it is -- non-canonical (e.g. `cities/San Francisco`). This matches the loop over equivalent places in -- key_holonym_into_place_desc(). local equiv_triggering_placetypes = m_placetypes.get_placetype_equivs(triggering_holonym.placetype, {no_fallback = true}) for _, equiv in ipairs(equiv_triggering_placetypes) do local other_holonyms_of_same_type = place_desc.holonyms_by_placetype[equiv.placetype] if other_holonyms_of_same_type then for _, other_placename_of_same_type in ipairs(other_holonyms_of_same_type) do if other_placename_of_same_type ~= triggering_holonym.unlinked_placename then local overriding_holonym = { placetype = triggering_holonym.placetype, unlinked_placename = other_placename_of_same_type, } local other_cat_data = find_placetype_cat_specs { entry_placetype = entry_placetype, place_desc = place_desc, overriding_holonym = overriding_holonym, from_demonym = from_demonym, form_of_directive = form_of_directive, } if other_cat_data then extend(cats, cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, other_cat_data)) end end end end end -- If there are any later-specified holonyms that had the modifier :also, try to produce categories for them -- as well. first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1 while first_holonym_index <= #place_desc.holonyms do if place_desc.holonyms[first_holonym_index].continue_cat_loop then break end first_holonym_index = first_holonym_index + 1 end end if cats[1] then return cats end local entry_pt_default, equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier = m_placetypes.get_equiv_placetype_prop(entry_placetype, function(pt) return m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt] and m_placetypes.placetype_data[pt].default end, {form_of_directive = form_of_directive}) if entry_pt_default then return cat_specs_to_categories(place_desc, { cat_specs = entry_pt_default, entry_placetype = equiv_entry_placetype_and_qualifier.placetype, -- no triggering holonym }) end return {} end --[==[ Iterate through each type of place and return a list of the categories that need to be added to the entry. The returned categories need to be formatted using `format_cats`, as they can be either topic-style categories (by default) or langname-style categories (if prefixed with `cln:`). The function is passed the overall place spec, which contains all the parsed info on the {{tl|place}} call (see comment at top of file), the parsed arguments (needed for arguments not parsed by `parse_overall_place_spec` and used primarily to add "bare categories" corresponding to toponyms for known locations), and `from_demonym`, which is true if we're being called from {{tl|demonym-noun}} or {{tl|demonym-adj}} (in this case, we only want certain categories added, specifically bare categories corresponding to the specified holonym(s)). ]==] function export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec, from_demonym) local cats = {} local place_descriptions = overall_place_spec.descs handle_category_implications(place_descriptions, m_placetypes.cat_implications) m_placetypes.augment_holonyms_with_container(place_descriptions) if overall_place_spec.directives then -- not necessarily when called from [[Module:demonym]] for _, directive_terms in ipairs(overall_place_spec.directives) do local spec_cats = directive_terms.spec.cat if spec_cats then if type(spec_cats) == "string" then spec_cats = {spec_cats} end for _, spec_cat in ipairs(spec_cats) do insert(cats, spec_cat) end end if directive_terms.spec.type_prefix then for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype, from_demonym, directive_terms.spec.type_prefix)) end end end end end end if not from_demonym then local bare_categories = m_placetypes.get_bare_categories(args, overall_place_spec) extend(cats, bare_categories) end for _, place_desc in ipairs(place_descriptions) do if not from_demonym then for _, placetype in ipairs(place_desc.placetypes) do if not m_placetypes.placetype_is_ignorable(placetype) then extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, placetype)) end end end -- Also add generic place categories for the holonyms listed (e.g. a category like -- [[Category:Places in Merseyside, England]]). This is handled through the special placetype "*". extend(cats, get_placetype_cats(place_desc, "*", from_demonym)) end if args.cat then -- not necessarily when called from [[Module:demonym]] for _, cat in ipairs(args.cat) do local split_cats = split_on_comma(cat) extend(cats, split_cats) end end return cats end -- Return the category link for a category, given the language code and the name of the category. local function format_cats(lang, cats, sort_key) local full_cats = {} local langcode = lang:getFullCode() for _, cat in ipairs(cats) do -- 'cln' corresponds to {{cln}}, which generates lang-name categories like [[:Category:English abbreviations]] -- (as opposed to topic categories like [[:Category:en:Abbreviations of states of the United States]]). local cln_cat = cat:match("^cln:(.*)$") if cln_cat then insert(full_cats, lang:getFullName() .. " " .. cln_cat) else insert(full_cats, langcode .. ":" .. cat) end end return require(utilities_module).format_categories(full_cats, lang, sort_key, nil, force_cat or m_placetypes.get_force_cat()) end ----------- Main entry point --[==[ Implementation of {{tl|place}}. Meant to be callable from another module (specifically, [[Module:transclude]]). The single argument `data` is an object with the following fields: * `template_args`: Raw arguments specified by {{tl|place}}, possibly modified by {{tl|tcl}}. * `from_tcl`: True if we're being invoked from {{tl|tcl}}. * `drop_extra_info`: True if we should drop most of the "extra info" specified using extra info arguments (capital, largest city, etc.). Usually true when invoked from {{tl|tcl}}. Note that some extra info is still displayed even when `drop_extra_info` is set in order to establish the context (e.g. {{para|full}} and {{para|modern}}), and any extra info overridden at the {{tl|tcl}} level is displayed regardless. * `extra_info_overridden_set`: Set of booleans specifying, for each extra info arg, whether it was overridden at the {{tl|tcl}} level. This means, for example, that the values are interpreted according to the language in {{para|1}} instead of always defaulting to English, as is the case when {{tl|place}} is called directly. * `form_of_overridden_args`: Set of objects of the form `{new_directive = ``directive``, new_value = ``value``}` for overriding a given form-of directive (the key) with new directive ``directive`` and new unparsed value ``value``. Both the key and the replacing directive should be canonical. ``value`` will be parsed in the same way as a regular form-of directive except that all specified terms are interpreted in the language specified in {{para|1}}, never in English. This is present so that {{tl|tcl}} can be used on abbreviations like [[GDR]] and [[FYROM]], whose equivalents in a foreign language have language-specific expansions but where the rest of the call should stay the same. * `translation_follows`: If true, any translation specified using t= should follow the definition, after a colon, rather than preceding, with the definition in parens. ]==] function export.format(data) local template_args = data.template_args local list_param = {list = true} local boolean_param = {type = "boolean"} local params = { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und"}, [2] = {required = true, list = true}, ["t"] = list_param, ["tid"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["cat"] = list_param, ["nocat"] = boolean_param, ["nocap"] = boolean_param, ["sort"] = true, ["pagename"] = true, -- for testing or documentation purposes ["a"] = true, ["addl"] = true, ["def"] = true, -- params that are only used when transcluding using {{tcl}}/{{transclude}}, to transmit information to {{tcl}}. ["tcl"] = true, ["tcl_t"] = list_param, ["tcl_tid"] = list_param, ["tcl_nolb"] = true, ["tcl_nolc"] = boolean_param, ["tcl_noextratext"] = boolean_param, } -- add "extra info" parameters for _, extra_arg_spec in ipairs(export.extra_info_args) do params[extra_arg_spec.arg] = list_param end -- FIXME, once we've flushed out any uses, delete the following clause. That will cause def= to be ignored. if template_args.def == "" then error("Cannot currently pass def= as an empty parameter; use def=- if you want to suppress the definition display") end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(template_args, params) if args.a then track("a") if args.a:find("^[Aa]n?$") or args.a:find("^[Tt]he$") then track("a/article") else error("a= can only be used to specify a definite or indefinite article (and preferably use |nocap=1 instead to get the initial letter lowercase); see especially the documentation on the [[Template:place#Mixed format|mixed format]], which can be used to add arbitrary text before the placetype") end end data.args = args local overall_place_spec = parse_overall_place_spec(data) data.overall_place_spec = overall_place_spec return get_def(data) .. ( args.nocat and "" or format_cats(args[1], export.get_cats(args, overall_place_spec), args.sort)) end --[==[ Actual entry point of {{tl|place}}. ]==] function export.show(frame) return export.format { template_args = frame:getParent().args, } end return export kkc73mr0k729d998k8lsnuj78d9x18m 0 285500 5713816 1952772 2026-03-29T12:39:00Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 /* คำพ้องความ */ 5713816 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคำเมือง == === รูปแบบอื่น === {{nod-alt|~=ของ}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|nod|tai-pro|*χɔːŋᴬ}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|th|ของ}}, {{cog|lo|ຂອງ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦃᦸᧂ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪄꪮꪉ}}, {{cog|shn|ၶွင်}}, {{cog|za|hong}}, {{cog|zzj|kong}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/xɔːŋ˨˦/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำนาม === {{nod-noun}} # [[ของ]] === คำบุพบท === {{nod-prep}} # [[ของ]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== {{col4|nod|title=ของ |ᩉᩬᨦ |ᩉᩯ᩠᩵ᨦ |ᨣᩕᩫ᩠ᩅ }} hv0l7d2nkuc8onet47rx4nauxhgasy0 5713817 5713816 2026-03-29T12:45:46Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 /* ภาษาคำเมือง */ 5713817 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคำเมือง == === รูปแบบอื่น === {{nod-alt|~=ของ}} === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|nod|tai-pro|*χɔːŋᴬ}}; ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|th|ของ}}, {{cog|lo|ຂອງ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦃᦸᧂ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪄꪮꪉ}}, {{cog|shn|ၶွင်}}, {{cog|za|hong}}, {{cog|zzj|kong}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/xɔːŋ˨˦/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำนาม === {{nod-noun}} # [[ของ]] #: {{syn|nod|ᨣᩕ᩠ᩅᩫ}} === คำบุพบท === {{nod-prep}} # [[ของ]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== {{col4|nod|title=ของ |ᩉᩬᨦ |ᩉᩯ᩠᩵ᨦ }} o6orx9jyrrlzmxwxuobh6y8xw3ccx31 0 285962 5713818 1952842 2026-03-29T12:51:36Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 /* ภาษาคำเมือง */ 5713818 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคำเมือง == === รูปแบบอื่น === {{nod-alt|c=ᨤ᩠ᩅᩫ|s=คัว|l=ครัว}} === รากศัพท์ === ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|th|ครัว}}, {{cog|lo|ຄົວ}}, {{cog|kkh|ᨤ᩠ᩅᩫ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦷᦆ}}, {{cog|shn|ၶူဝ်း}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/xua˧˧/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำนาม === {{nod-noun}} # [[ของ]], [[สิ่งของ]], [[เครื่องใช้]] #: {{ux|nod|[[ᨻᩬᩴ᩵]][[ᨣ᩶ᩤ]][[ᨾᩯ᩵]][[ᨣ᩶ᩤ]][[ᨡᩣ᩠ᨿ]]'''ᨣᩕ᩠ᩅᩫ'''|พ่อค้าแม่ค้าขาย'''ครัว'''}} # [[ทรัพย์]][[มรดก]] #: {{ux|nod|[[ᩃᩪᨠ]][[ᩉᩖ᩶ᩣ]]'''ᨣᩕ᩠ᩅᩫ'''[[ᩁᩬᨾ]]|ลูกคนสุดท้องจะได้รับ'''ทรัพย์มรดก'''มากกว่าผู้อื่น}} #: {{ux|nod|[[ᨡᩣ᩠ᨿ]]'''ᨣᩕ᩠ᩅᩫ'''[[ᨾᩣ]][[ᩀᩣ]][[ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫ]]|ขาย'''ทรัพย์มรดก'''เพื่อมารักษาตัว}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|nod|ᨡᩬᨦ}} iak89h76olxswrcz79ea3pwmi1x0ic0 0 290042 5713828 4911558 2026-03-29T15:37:15Z Ponpan 693 5713828 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|s=互联网|type=21|lit=interconnected web}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=Hùliánwǎng |c=wu6 lyun4 mong5 |ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Justinrleung-互聯網.wav |mn-t=hu6 liang6 mang6 |cat=pn }} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|zh|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{lb|zh|chiefly|Mainland China|Hong Kong|คอมพิวเตอร์}} [[อินเทอร์เน็ต]] #: {{zh-x|互聯網 企業|บริษัท'''อินเทอร์เน็ต'''}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== {{col3|zh|因特網|網絡<tr:Wǎngluò><qq:จีนแผ่นดินใหญ่, ฮ่องกง, มาเก๊า>|網路<tr:Wǎnglù><qq:โดยหลักไต้หวัน>|英特網|網際網路<qq:โดยหลักไต้หวัน>|網際網絡<qq:จีนแผ่นดินใหญ่, ฮ่องกง>|網}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|zh|互聯網+|物聯網}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|za|hulenzvangj|bor=1}} {{zh-cat|อินเทอร์เน็ต}} oqhg65r7t3q3ictuc1izb0jqtar32w7 0 298229 5714294 1612359 2026-03-30T10:40:57Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเขมรเหนือ */ 5714294 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเขมรเหนือ == === รากศัพท์ === เทียบ{{cog|km|ខ្មែរ}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|kxm|/kʰᵊmɛːr/}} === คำนาม === {{kxm-noun}} # [[เขมร]] (กลุ่มชาติพันธุ์) #: {{ux|kxm|คแมรลฺือ|เขมรบน, เขมรเหนือ (ชนเขมรในไทย)}} #: {{ux|kxm|คแมรกรอม|เขมรล่าง, เขมรใต้ (ชนเขมรในกัมพูชา)}} scvcw7vhqm15k4cfrzncrkw9gwqqnc7 0 300884 5714226 1543675 2026-03-30T08:55:49Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714226 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาลาว == === การออกเสียง === {{lo-pron|ກີກ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{lo-proper noun}} # {{dated form of|lo|ກີກ}}; {{tcl|lo|กรีซ|id=Q41}} dmsx11tyfau8dmc6049n5nlflqtqs79 0 302227 5713949 5688274 2026-03-30T03:57:26Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาอังกฤษกลาง */ 5713949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{minitoc}} == ภาษาซามีเหนือ == === การออกเสียง === * {{se-IPA|bēste}} === คำกริยา === {{head|se|รูปกริยา|head=bēste}} # {{inflection of|se|beastit||1|d|pres|indc|;|3|p|past|indc}} == ภาษาดัตช์ == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|nl|Nl-beste.ogg}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|nl|รูปคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{inflection of|nl|best||infl|sup-of=goed}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{l|nl|beest}} == ภาษาดัตช์กลาง == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|dum|รูปคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{inflection of|dum|best||m|nom|s|;|f//n|nom//acc|s|;|nom//acc|p}} == ภาษาตุรกี == === รากศัพท์ === {{inh+|tr|ota|بسته|tr=beste}}, จาก{{der|tr|fa|بسته|tr=baste}}, รูปกริยาขยายอดีตกาลของ {{m|fa|بستن|tr=bastan|t=มัด, ผูก}} === การออกเสียง === * {{tr-IPA}} * {{hyph|tr|bes|te}} === คำนาม === {{tr-noun|yi|ler}} # {{lb|tr|music}} [[การประพันธ์]] ([[ดนตรี]]) ==== การผันรูป ==== {{tr-infl-noun-v|i|pred=1|poss=1}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|tr|besteci|bestelemek|bestekâr|bestenigâr|bestesiz|besteli|bestelik}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:tr:TDK}} * {{R:lugatim}} * {{R:tr:OTK|page=563}} * {{R:tr:Nişanyan}} == ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบนือนอสก์ == === รากศัพท์ 1 === เอกพจน์และพหูพจน์ชี้เฉพาะของ {{m|nn|best}} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{head|nn|รูปคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{inflection of|nn|best||def|s}} ## {{inflection of|nn||god||supd|def|s}} ## {{inflection of|nn||bra||supd|def|s}} # {{inflection of|nn|best||p}} ## {{inflection of|nn|god||supd|p}} ## {{inflection of|nn|bra||supd|p}} ===== ลูกคำ ===== * {{l|nn|bestefar}} * {{l|nn|bestemor}} * {{l|nn|besteven}}, {{l|nn|bestevenn}} * {{l|nn|besteveninne}}, {{l|nn|bestevenninne}} === รากศัพท์ 2 === {{clipping|nocap=1|nn|bestefar|g=m|t=ปู่, ตา}} และ {{m|nn|bestemor|g=f|t=ย่า, ยาย}}; ส่วนข้างหน้าก็มาจาก {{m|nn|best||ดีสุด}} ==== คำนาม ==== {{nn-noun-m1}} # [[ปู่]], [[ตา]] ==== คำนาม ==== {{nn-noun-f2}} # [[ย่า]], [[ยาย]] === รากศัพท์ 3 === การใช้ ''รากศัพท์ 1'' แทนคำนาม ==== คำนาม ==== {{head|nn|คำนาม|g=n}} # สิ่งที่[[ดี]][[สุด]] === รากศัพท์ 4 === จาก{{der|nn|gml|basten}}, {{m|gml|besten}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{alt|nn|besta||a-infinitive}} ==== คำกริยา ==== {{head|nn|คำกริยา|cat2=weak verbs|present tense|bestar|or|bester|past tense|besta|or|beste|supine and past participle|besta|or|best|present participle|bestande|imperative|best}} # [[เย็บ]][[อย่าง]][[หลวม]] ๆ, เย็บ[[เข้า]][[ด้วย]][[กัน]][[โดย]][[ปัก]][[ไม่]][[กี่]][[ครั้ง]] ===== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ===== * {{l|nn|baste}} == ภาษานอร์เวย์แบบบุ๊กมอล == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|nb|รูปคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{inflection of|nb|god||def|s|supd|;|p|supd}} # {{inflection of|nb|bra||def|s|supd|;|p|supd}} === คำนาม === {{head|nb|คำนาม|g=n}} # [[สิ่ง]][[ที่]][[ดีสุด]] ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|nb |bestefar |bestemor |bestevenn |bestevenninne |det beste fra to verdener }} == ภาษาบาสก์ == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|eu|euq-pro|*bertze}}, เป็นไปได้ว่ามาจากราก {{m|euq-pro|*beR-}};<ref>{{R:EDB|137|*berr-}}</ref> เทียบ {{m|eu|berri||ใหม่}} === การออกเสียง === {{eu-pr|+<audio:LL-Q8752 (eus)-Aioramu-beste.wav>}} === ตัวกำหนด === {{eu-det|b}} # [[อื่น]] ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|eu|bestea<t:the other one><pos:pronoun>|beste barik|beste bat arte|beste batean|beste behin|beste hainbat|beste hainbeste|beste honenbeste|beste horrenbeste|beste kuku batek jo|beste mundu|beste munduko<t:extraordinary>|beste munduko gauza|beste oilar batek kukurruku jo|beste orduz|besteak beste|besteetan|bestela<t:otherwise>|bestela baitakoan|bestela bezala|bestela esan|bestela esanda|bestela esateko|bestelako<t:different>|bestelakotasun|bestelakotu|bestelakotze|bestelan|bestelaz|bestenaz|bestengusina<t:younger female cousin>|bestengusu<t:younger male cousin>|bestera|besterako|besteratu|besterendu|besterenganatu|besterentzaile|besterentze|besterik ezean|besterik ezinean|besterik izan|bestetar|bestetara|bestetaratu|bestetasun|bestetik<t:on the other hand>|bestetxo|bestetzuk}} === อ้างอิง === <references/> === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:eu:EH}} * {{R:eu:OEH}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === คำกริยา === {{head|pt|รูปกริยา}} # {{pt-verb form of|bestar}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสกลาง == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|frm|fro|beste}}, จาก{{der|frm|la|bēstia}} === คำนาม === {{frm-noun|f}} # [[เดรัจฉาน]], [[สัตว์]] {{rfp|frm}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desctree|fr|bête}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า == === รากศัพท์ === Probably a semi-learned term borrowed partly from {{der|fro|la|bēstia}}; เทียบ{{m|fro|bisse}} (modern {{cog|fr|biche}}), which was popularly inherited from a variant ({{m|la|bīstia}}) of the same word. An alternative hypothesis derives ''beste'' from an unattested Vulgar Latin variant form *''bēsta'' (deduced through a supposed diminutive form {{m|la|bēstula}}), though this is unlikely as it would assume there was a second popular variant of {{m|la|bēstia}} ({{m|la|bīstia}} being well attested). === คำนาม === {{fro-noun|f}} # [[เดรัจฉาน]], [[สัตว์]] ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|frm|beste}} ** {{desc|fr|bête}} * {{desc|roa-gal|bestt}} * {{desc|nrf|baête}} {{qualifier|Cotentin}}, {{l|nrf|beyte}} {{qualifier|Pays de Caux, Pays de Rouen}}, {{l|nrf|beet}} {{qualifier|Sark}} * {{desc|bor=1|dum|beest}} ** {{desctree|nl|beest}} ** {{desc|bor=1|gml|best}} *** {{desc|nds|Beest}} *** {{desc|bor=1|da|bæst}} *** {{desc|bor=1|de|Biest}} *** → Norwegian: **** {{desc|nb|beist|best}} **** {{desc|nn|beist}} *** {{desc|bor=1|sv|best}} * {{desctree|bor=1|enm|beeste}} {{C|fro|สัตว์}} == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|de|De-beste.ogg|a=Germany}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|de|รูปคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{de-adj form of|gut|ste}} == ภาษาอังกฤษกลาง == === รากศัพท์ 1 === จาก{{inh|enm|ang|betst}}, {{m|ang|betest}}, จาก{{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*batist}}, จาก{{inh|enm|gem-pro|*batistaz|pos=คำคุณศัพท์}}, {{m|gem-pro|*batist|pos=คำกริยาวิเศษณ์}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{q|early ME}} {{alter|enm|betst|bettst|bezst}} * {{alter|enm|best}} ==== การออกเสียง ==== * {{IPA|enm|/bɛst/}} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{head|enm|คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # [[ดี]][[สุด]]; {{superlative of|enm|good}} ===== คำสืบทอด ===== * {{desc|en|best}} * {{desc|sco|best}} ===== อ้างอิง ===== * {{R:MED Online|entry=best|pos=adj. (sup.)|id=MED4235 |accessdate=2019-02-17}} ==== คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ ==== {{head|enm|คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นสุด}} # [[อย่าง]]ดีสุด; {{superlative of|enm|wel|POS=คำกริยาวิเศษณ์}} ===== คำสืบทอด ===== * {{desc|en|best}} * {{desc|sco|best}} ===== อ้างอิง ===== * {{R:MED Online|entry=best|pos=adv. (sup.)|id=MED4237 |accessdate=2019-02-17}} === รากศัพท์ 2 === ==== คำนาม ==== {{head|enm|คำนาม|altform=1}} # {{alternative form of|enm|beeste}} 9ma2w2e6u81rfnq734r4k608n68kkmg 0 304989 5714057 5040494 2026-03-30T04:30:13Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714057 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำกริยา === {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|en|dark||ed-form}} ho6a8x32pcl8a4fn17o2w6n0evy228p 0 307910 5713907 5040510 2026-03-30T03:39:18Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713907 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/wɪðˈdɹɔːn/|/wɪθˈdɹɔːn/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/wɪðˈdɹɔn/|/wɪθˈdɹɔn/|a=GA}} * {{IPA|en|/wɪðˈdɹɑn/|/wɪθˈdɹɑn/|a=cot-caught}} * {{audio|en|en-us-withdrawn.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɔːn|s=2}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{en-adj}} # {{lb|en|library science}} ที่ถูกถอนออกจากระบบ[[หมุนเวียน]] #: {{ux|en|a '''withdrawn''' library book}} # {{lb|en|psychology}} [[เก็บเนื้อเก็บตัว]], [[ไม่]][[ต้องการ]][[สื่อสาร]][[กับ]][[ผู้]][[อื่น]] #: {{ux|en|a '''withdrawn''' child}} === คำกริยา === {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{past participle of|en|withdraw|nocat=1}} {{cln|en|irregular past participles}} {{C|en|Personality}} gwoh9v26j28yhn6kom3c3k4diz79oaa 5713908 5713907 2026-03-30T03:40:01Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำคุณศัพท์ */ 5713908 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|en|/wɪðˈdɹɔːn/|/wɪθˈdɹɔːn/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/wɪðˈdɹɔn/|/wɪθˈdɹɔn/|a=GA}} * {{IPA|en|/wɪðˈdɹɑn/|/wɪθˈdɹɑn/|a=cot-caught}} * {{audio|en|en-us-withdrawn.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɔːn|s=2}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{en-adj}} # {{lb|en|library science}} ที่ถูกถอนออกจากระบบ[[หมุนเวียน]] #: {{ux|en|a '''withdrawn''' library book|t=หนังสือที่ถูกถอนออกจากห้องสมุด}} # {{lb|en|psychology}} [[เก็บเนื้อเก็บตัว]], [[ไม่]][[ต้องการ]][[สื่อสาร]][[กับ]][[ผู้]][[อื่น]] #: {{ux|en|a '''withdrawn''' child|t=เด็กที่เก็บเนื้อเก็บตัว}} === คำกริยา === {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{past participle of|en|withdraw|nocat=1}} {{cln|en|irregular past participles}} {{C|en|Personality}} 1dh9yzdri128en0thaawbgmpn886uxw 0 307994 5713903 1874974 2026-03-30T03:34:53Z Octahedron80 267 เก็บกวาด 5713903 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไอริช == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alter|ga|ní'l||superseded}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|ga|/n̠ʲiːlʲ/}} === คำกริยา === {{head|ga|รูปกริยา}} # {{contraction of|ga|[[ní]] [[fhuil]]}} #: {{ux|ga|'''Níl''' sé anseo.|เขาไม่อยู่ที่นี่}} ==== คำอธิบายการใช้ ==== การย่อนี้มักใช้ในภาษามาตรฐาน ส่วนการเขียน {{m|ga||ní fhuil}} ออกเป็นสองคำนั้นไม่ใช่แนวปฏิบัติที่ทันสมัย 9kljvzcgfrrm1p96qpo5amx9iwnnx11 0 311376 5714228 1580776 2026-03-30T08:56:55Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714228 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจอร์เจีย == === การออกเสียง === * {{ka-IPA}} * {{ka-hyphen}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ka-proper noun}} # {{tcl|ka|กรีซ|id=Q41}} tu2fa871zu2xkwg2ti6ry5h77njnd8q 10 313962 5714193 1601259 2026-03-30T05:32:25Z Octahedron80 267 5714193 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:etymology/templates|derived}}<!-- -->{{cln|{{{1|}}}|undefined derivations}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{undefined derivation|mul|mul|term}}{{documentation}}</noinclude> 7mz7x9eqa84gf4f3uiofqnqglarhit7 0 317063 5714340 1613527 2026-03-30T11:14:49Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาอาร์มีเนีย */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714340 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาร์มีเนีย == {{wp|hy:}} === การออกเสียง === {{hy-IPA|Կամբո՛ջա}} * {{hyphenation|hy|Կամ|բո|ջա}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hy-h|propn}} # {{tcl|hy|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hy-noun-ի-ներ|unc=on}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:hy:TUT|section=II.A.3|page=50}} jngmv4qs8pfld7kfaisfl4ie5zt6pc9 0 333250 5713905 5040792 2026-03-30T03:35:43Z Octahedron80 267 เก็บกวาด 5713905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|en|falling-out}} === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|en|en-au-falling out.ogg|เสียง (ออสเตรเลีย)}} === คำนาม === {{en-noun|~|fallings out|s}} # {{lb|en|สำนวน}} [[ความแตกร้าว]]ระหว่างบุคคลหรือกลุ่มที่มักเกิดจากความไม่[[ลงรอย]]กันหรือ[[การทะเลาะเบาะแว้ง]] #: {{ux|en|Since the '''falling out''' with his neighbor, they have kept their distance.|ภายหลังที่มีความแตกร้าวกับเพื่อนบ้านของเขา พวกเขาก็ไม่ยุ่งกันอีก}} === คำกริยา === {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|en|fall out||ing-form}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{anagrams|en|a=afgillnotu|outfalling}} 3gjk162079gv9pjnkqrgpg56lskehtt 0 433063 5713911 2033987 2026-03-30T03:45:52Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาโปรตุเกส */ นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5713911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษากาลิเซีย == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|gl|/ɪsˈtaː/}} * {{rhymes|gl|a}} * {{hyphenation|gl|es|tá}} === คำกริยา === {{head|gl|รูปกริยา}} # {{gl-verb form of|estar}} #: {{ux|gl|Non sabes que '''está''' ocupado?|Don't you know he '''is''' busy?}} # {{gl-verb form of|estar}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:gl:DDGM|estar}} * {{R:gl:DRAG|estar}} * {{R:gl:DDLG|estar}} * {{R:gl:CX}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|pt|tá}} {{qualifier|eye dialect or nonstandard}} * {{l|pt|està}} {{qualifier|obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|pt|la|stō|stat}}. === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-JnpoJuwan-está.wav|a=<<Brazil>> (<<São Paulo>>)}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-está.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{rhymes|pt|a|s=2}} * {{homophones|pt|estar|qq1=Brazil}} {{qualifier|with -r dropping}} * {{hyph|pt|es|tá}} === คำกริยา === {{head|pt|รูปกริยา}} # {{pt-verb form of|estar}} #* {{quote-book|pt|year=2003|author=w:J. K. Rowling; w:Lia Wyler|title=Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix|publisher=Rocco|page=546 |passage='''Está''' na hora de testarmos os nossos talentos no mundo real, você não acha?}} # {{pt-verb form of|estar}} #* {{RQ:mul:Rowling Harry Potter|pt-BR|6|page=228|text=Você '''está''' me chamando de maluco?|t=Are you calling me crazy?}} == ภาษาสเปน == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|es|etá|stá|ta|tá||informal}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr}} === คำกริยา === {{head|es|รูปกริยา}} # {{es-verb form of|estar}} 1yc2ohtzkubm3crs9y7c2zsvyfw4naa 5713912 5713911 2026-03-30T03:46:39Z Octahedron80 267 /* รูปแบบอื่น */ 5713912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษากาลิเซีย == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|gl|/ɪsˈtaː/}} * {{rhymes|gl|a}} * {{hyphenation|gl|es|tá}} === คำกริยา === {{head|gl|รูปกริยา}} # {{gl-verb form of|estar}} #: {{ux|gl|Non sabes que '''está''' ocupado?|Don't you know he '''is''' busy?}} # {{gl-verb form of|estar}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:gl:DDGM|estar}} * {{R:gl:DRAG|estar}} * {{R:gl:DDLG|estar}} * {{R:gl:CX}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|pt|tá}} {{qualifier|eye dialect หรือไม่เป็นมาตรฐาน}} * {{l|pt|està}} {{qualifier|เลิกใช้}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|pt|la|stō|stat}}. === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-JnpoJuwan-está.wav|a=<<Brazil>> (<<São Paulo>>)}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-está.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{rhymes|pt|a|s=2}} * {{homophones|pt|estar|qq1=Brazil}} {{qualifier|with -r dropping}} * {{hyph|pt|es|tá}} === คำกริยา === {{head|pt|รูปกริยา}} # {{pt-verb form of|estar}} #* {{quote-book|pt|year=2003|author=w:J. K. Rowling; w:Lia Wyler|title=Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix|publisher=Rocco|page=546 |passage='''Está''' na hora de testarmos os nossos talentos no mundo real, você não acha?}} # {{pt-verb form of|estar}} #* {{RQ:mul:Rowling Harry Potter|pt-BR|6|page=228|text=Você '''está''' me chamando de maluco?|t=Are you calling me crazy?}} == ภาษาสเปน == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|es|etá|stá|ta|tá||informal}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr}} === คำกริยา === {{head|es|รูปกริยา}} # {{es-verb form of|estar}} dcebw06omlj58guwdmdflut2m9myhih 5713913 5713912 2026-03-30T03:46:58Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5713913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also/auto}} == ภาษากาลิเซีย == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|gl|/ɪsˈtaː/}} * {{rhymes|gl|a}} * {{hyphenation|gl|es|tá}} === คำกริยา === {{head|gl|รูปกริยา}} # {{gl-verb form of|estar}} #: {{ux|gl|Non sabes que '''está''' ocupado?|Don't you know he '''is''' busy?}} # {{gl-verb form of|estar}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:gl:DDGM|estar}} * {{R:gl:DRAG|estar}} * {{R:gl:DDLG|estar}} * {{R:gl:CX}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|pt|tá}} {{qualifier|eye dialect หรือไม่เป็นมาตรฐาน}} * {{l|pt|està}} {{qualifier|เลิกใช้}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|pt|la|stō|stat}} === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-JnpoJuwan-está.wav|a=<<Brazil>> (<<São Paulo>>)}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-Santamarcanda-está.wav|a=<<Portugal>> (<<Porto>>)}} * {{rhymes|pt|a|s=2}} * {{homophones|pt|estar|qq1=Brazil}} {{qualifier|with -r dropping}} * {{hyph|pt|es|tá}} === คำกริยา === {{head|pt|รูปกริยา}} # {{pt-verb form of|estar}} #* {{quote-book|pt|year=2003|author=w:J. K. Rowling; w:Lia Wyler|title=Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix|publisher=Rocco|page=546 |passage='''Está''' na hora de testarmos os nossos talentos no mundo real, você não acha?}} # {{pt-verb form of|estar}} #* {{RQ:mul:Rowling Harry Potter|pt-BR|6|page=228|text=Você '''está''' me chamando de maluco?|t=Are you calling me crazy?}} == ภาษาสเปน == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|es|etá|stá|ta|tá||informal}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr}} === คำกริยา === {{head|es|รูปกริยา}} # {{es-verb form of|estar}} lh7mcdlsb94rk0r2533e5dsqeul3y48 10 571895 5714223 2179554 2026-03-30T08:54:41Z Octahedron80 267 5714223 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude># {{transclude sense|ro|เบลเยียม|id=Q31}}</noinclude><includeonly>{{#invoke:transclude|show}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ddz3vy9df9ebaqns510vnmthffqsqy2 828 571897 5714221 2179556 2026-03-30T08:52:11Z Octahedron80 267 5714221 Scribunto text/plain local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_templateparser = require("Module:template parser") local codepoint = m_str_utils.codepoint local concat = table.concat local find = string.find local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local lower = string.lower local match = string.match local pairs = pairs local remove_comments = m_str_utils.remove_comments local replacement_escape = m_str_utils.replacement_escape local split = m_str_utils.split local u = m_str_utils.char local export = {} -- From [[Template:gloss]] local gloss_left = "<span class=\"gloss-brac\">(</span><span class=\"gloss-content\">" local gloss_right = "</span><span class=\"gloss-brac\">)</span>" local place_extra_info = { ["modern"] = true, ["official"] = true, ["capital"] = true, ["largest city"] = true, ["caplc"] = false, ["seat"] = true, ["shire town"] = true, } local pattern_escape = require("Module:string utilities").pattern_escape -- Ensure that Wikicode (template calls, bracketed links, HTML, bold/italics, etc.) displays literally in error messages -- by inserting a Unicode word-joiner symbol after all characters that may trigger Wikicode interpretation. Replacing -- with equivalent HTML escapes doesn't work because they are displayed literally. I could not get this to work using -- <nowiki>...</nowiki> (those tags display literally), using using {{#tag:nowiki|...}} (same thing) or using -- mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("nowiki", ...) (everything gets converted to a strip marker -- `UNIQ--nowiki-00000000-QINU` or similar). FIXME: This is a massive hack; there must be a better way. local function escape_wikicode(text) text = text:gsub("([%[<'{])", "%1" .. u(0x2060)) return text end local function preprocess(frame, text) if text:find("{") or text:find("<math>") then return frame:preprocess(text) else return text end end local function discard(offset, iter, obj, index) return iter, obj, index + offset end local function remove_templates_if(haystack, predicate) local remaining = {} local last_start = 1 for name, args, text, index in m_templateparser.findTemplates(haystack) do local remove = predicate(name, args, next(remaining) == nil) if remove then if last_start < index then local chunk = haystack:sub(last_start, index - 1) if chunk:find("%S") then insert(remaining, chunk) end end last_start = index + text:len() end end if last_start == 1 then return haystack else insert(remaining, haystack:sub(last_start)) return concat(remaining) end end local function copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(to, from, deny_list, first_argument) first_argument = first_argument or 2 for _, value in discard(first_argument - 1, ipairs(from)) do if not deny_list or not require("Module:table").contains(deny_list, value) then insert(to, value) end end end local function handle_definition_template(name, args, transclude_args) if name == "place" then return { should_remove = true, must_be_first = true, generate = function(data) if data.formatted_to and data.formatted_to ~= "" then error("{{place}} cannot be used in conjunction with 'to'.") end local place_args = {} local langcode = data.lang:getCode() local include_place_extra_info = transclude_args.include_place_extra_info local drop_extra = include_place_extra_info == false or include_place_extra_info == nil and langcode ~= "th" local saw_tcl_t -- Copy the arguments but drop translations and maybe the "extra info" for key, val in pairs(args) do local base, num = tostring(key):match("^(.-)([0-9]*)$") if base == "tcl_t" or base == "tcl_tid" then saw_tcl_t = true -- otherwise ignore elseif base == "tcl_nolb" then data.nolb = val -- otherwise ignore elseif base == "t" or base == "tid" or drop_extra and place_extra_info[base] ~= nil then -- ignore it else place_args[key] = val end end local function sub_plus(t) if t:find("+") then t = t:gsub("+", replacement_escape(data.source)) end return t end place_args[1] = langcode if #transclude_args.t > 0 then local argno = 1 for _, t in ipairs(transclude_args.t) do if t ~= "-" then place_args["t" .. (argno == 1 and "" or argno)] = sub_plus(t) argno = argno + 1 end end elseif saw_tcl_t then for key, val in pairs(args) do local base, num = tostring(key):match("^(.-)([0-9]*)$") if base == "tcl_t" then place_args["t" .. num] = sub_plus(val) elseif base == "tcl_tid" then place_args["tid" .. num] = val end end elseif langcode ~= "th" then place_args["t"] = data.source place_args["tid"] = data.id end place_args["sort"] = data.sort if data.no_gloss then place_args["def"] = "-" else local gloss = data.gloss for extra_info_arg, is_list in pairs(place_extra_info) do if is_list then for i, v in ipairs(transclude_args["place_" .. extra_info_arg]) do place_args[extra_info_arg .. (i == 1 and "" or i)] = v end elseif transclude_args[extra_info_arg] then place_args[extra_info_arg] = transclude_args[extra_info_arg] end end if gloss ~= "" then local first_free = 2 while place_args[first_free] ~= nil do first_free = first_free + 1 end if place_args[first_free - 1]:find("<<") then -- new-style argument; concatenate to end of argument if not gloss:find("^[,;.]") then gloss = " " .. gloss end place_args[first_free - 1] = args[first_free - 1] .. gloss else -- old-style argument; add as separate argument gloss = gloss:gsub("^[,;] *", "") place_args[first_free] = gloss end end end return require("Module:place").format(place_args) end, } elseif name == "abbreviation of" or name == "abbr of" or name == "abbrev of" or name == "acronym of" or name == "contraction of" or name == "contr of" or name == "initialism of" or name == "init of" or name == "short for" or name == "synonym of" then return { should_remove = true, must_be_first = true, generate = function(data) local formatted_gloss = "" if not data.no_gloss then local formatted_link = require("Module:links").full_link { term = args[2], alt = args[3], lang = data.source_lang, id = args["id"] } local after_link = "" if data.gloss ~= "" then local separator = (args["nodot"] and "") or ((args["dot"] or ";") .. " ") after_link = separator .. data.gloss end formatted_gloss = " " .. gloss_left .. formatted_link .. after_link .. gloss_right end return data.formatted_to .. require("Module:links").full_link { term = data.source, lang = data.source_lang, id = data.id } .. formatted_gloss end, } end return nil end function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = { required = true }, -- langcode of target language (the current entry's language) [2] = { required = true }, -- source English term to transclude from [3] = true, -- can have multiple comma-separated IDs ["id"] = {alias_of = 3}, ["sort"] = true, ["nogloss"] = { default = false, type = "boolean" }, ["no_truncate_gloss"] = { type = "boolean" }, -- Normally, we ignore extra info (capital, largest city, modern name, etc.) when transcluding {{place}} -- because the given terms are in English and will likely differ from language to language. ["include_place_extra_info"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["lb"] = true, -- can have multiple semicolon-separated labels ["nolb"] = true, -- can have multiple semicolon-separated labels ["to"] = { type = "boolean" }, ["t"] = { list = true }, ["indent"] = true, } for k, is_list in pairs(place_extra_info) do params["place_" .. k] = { list = is_list } end local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent().args, params) local language_code = args[1] local language = require("Module:languages").getByCode(language_code) local source = args[2] local source_langcode = "th" local source_lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(source_langcode) local source_langname = source_lang:getFullName() local ids = args[3] and split(args[3], ",") or {""} local sort = args["sort"] local copy_sortkey = (sort == nil) and (mw.title.getCurrentTitle() == source) local no_gloss = args["nogloss"] local labels = args["lb"] and split(args["lb"], ";") or {} local nolb local to = args["to"] local content = mw.title.new(source):getContent() if content == nil then error("Couldn't find the entry [[" .. source .. "]].") end -- Remove HTML comments. content = remove_comments(content) -- Remove <ref></ref>. content = content:gsub("< *[rR][eE][fF][^%a>/]*[^>/]*>.-< */ *[rR][eE][fF] *>", "") -- Remove <ref/>. content = content:gsub("< *[rR][eE][fF][^%a>/]*[^>/]*/ *>", "") -- TODO: Handle <nowiki> (it's more complex than just cutting it out too). local retlines = {} for _, id in ipairs(ids) do local found_labels = {} local line_start, line if id == "" then id = nil end if id ~= nil then local senseid_start, senseid_end = content:find("{{ *senseid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *" .. pattern_escape(id) .. " *}}") if senseid_start == nil then senseid_start, senseid_end = content:find("{{ *sid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *" .. pattern_escape(id) .. " *}}") end if senseid_start == nil then local alternatives = nil for id in content:gmatch("{{ *senseid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *([^}]*)}}") do alternatives = alternatives and alternatives .. ", " .. id or id end for id in content:gmatch("{{ *sid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *([^}]*)}}") do alternatives = alternatives and alternatives .. ", " .. id or id end if alternatives then alternatives = " Alternatives for |id= are: " .. alternatives else alternatives = "" end error("Couldn't find the template {{[[Template:senseid|senseid]]|" .. source_langcode .. "|" .. id .. "}} within entry [[" .. source .. "]]." .. alternatives) end -- Do the following manually instead of using regex or iterators in hopes of saving memory. local newline, pound = 10, 35 line_start = senseid_start while line_start > 0 and content:byte(line_start - 1) ~= newline do line_start = line_start - 1 end local def_start = line_start while content:byte(def_start) == pound do def_start = def_start + 1 end local line_end = senseid_end while line_end < content:len() and content:byte(line_end + 1) ~= newline do line_end = line_end + 1 end line = content:sub(def_start, senseid_start - 1) .. content:sub(senseid_end + 1, line_end) else -- id == nil local _, start_source = find(content, "==[ \t]*" .. pattern_escape(source_langname) .. "[ \t]*==") if not start_source then error(("Couldn't find L2 header for source language '%s' on page [[%s]]"):format(source_langname, source)) end -- Find index of start of next language; may be nil if no language follows. local _, start_next_lang = find(content, "\n==[^=\n]+==", start_source, false) content = content:sub(start_source, start_next_lang) while true do local next_line_start _, next_line_start = find(content, "\n#+[^:*]", line_start, false) if not next_line_start then break end if line_start then local first_line = match(content, "(.-)%f[\n%z]", line_start) local next_line = match(content, "(.-)%f[\n%z]", next_line_start + 1) error(("No id specified and saw two definition lines '%s' and '%s' for source language '%s' on page [[%s]]"):format( escape_wikicode(first_line), escape_wikicode(next_line), source_langname, source)) end line_start = next_line_start + 1 end if not line_start then error(("Couldn't find any definition lines for source language '%s' on page [[%s]]"):format( source_langname, source)) end line = match(content, "(.-)%f[\n%z]", line_start) end if to == nil then local i = line_start while i > 1 do i = i - 1 -- i is now the index of the newline while i > 1 and content:byte(i - 1) ~= newline do i = i - 1 end local header = content:match("^===+([^=\n]+)===+ *\n", i) if header then to = (header:match("Verb") ~= nil) break end end end -- TODO: Remove this error once <nowiki> is handled correctly (see above TODO). if line:find("< *nowiki%W") or line:find("< */ *nowiki%W") then error("Cannot handle <nowiki>.") end -- Quick'n'dirty templatization of manual cats so that the below code also works for them. for _, v in ipairs({{source_langcode .. ":", "c"}, {source_lang:getCanonicalName() .. " ", "cln"}, {"", "cat"}}) do line = line:gsub("%[%[ *Category *: *" .. v[1] .. "([^%]|]*)%]%]", "{{" .. v[2] .. "|" .. source_langcode .. "|%1}}") line = line:gsub("%[%[ *Category *%: *" .. v[1] .. "([^%]|]*)%|([^%]|]*)%]%]", "{{" .. v[2] .. "|" .. source_langcode .. "|%1|sort=%2}}") end -- Extract template information. local cats = {} local cats_cln = {} local cats_top = {} local encountered_label = false local generator = nil local sortkeys = {} local sortkey_most_frequent = nil local sortkey_most_frequent_n = 0 local function process_template(name, tempargs, is_at_the_start) -- Expand any nested templates in template arguments. for k, v in pairs(tempargs) do tempargs[k] = preprocess(frame, v) end local supports_sortkey = false local should_remove = true -- If set, removes the template from the line after processing. local must_be_first = false -- If set, ensures that nothing (except for removed templates) preceeds this template. local definition_template_handler = handle_definition_template(name, tempargs, args) if definition_template_handler ~= nil then if generator ~= nil then error("Encountered {{[[Template:" .. name .. "|" .. name .. "]]}} even though a full definition template has already been processed.") end should_remove = definition_template_handler.should_remove must_be_first = definition_template_handler.must_be_first generator = definition_template_handler.generate elseif name == "categorize" or name == "cat" then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(cats, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true elseif name == "catlangname" or name == "cln" then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(cats, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true elseif name == "catlangcode" or name == "topics" or name == "top" or name == "C" or name == "c" then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(cats_top, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true elseif name == "label" or name == "lbl" or name == "lb" then if encountered_label then error("Encountered multiple {{[[Template:label|label]]}} templates in the definition line.") end encountered_label = true copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(found_labels, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true must_be_first = true elseif name == "defdate" or name == "defdt" or name == "century" or name == "ref" or name == "refn" or name == "senseid" or name == "sid" then -- Remove and do nothing. else -- We are dealing with a template other than the above hard-coded ones. -- If it contains the language code, we cannot handle it. if tempargs[1] == source_langcode then error("Cannot handle template {{[[Template:" .. name .. "|" .. name .. "]]}}.") end supports_sortkey = tempargs["sort"] or tempargs["sort1"] -- TODO: This doesn't handle the case where there is only sortn but not sort1/sort. should_remove = false -- Leave the template in and just copy it, e.g. [[Template:,]], [[Template:gloss]], [[Template:qualifier]], [[Template:w]] etc. end if supports_sortkey then if tempargs["sort1"] ~= nil then error("Cannot handle multiple sort keys.") end local sortkey = tempargs["sort"] if sortkey ~= nil then if sortkeys[sortkey] == nil then sortkeys[sortkey] = 1 else sortkeys[sortkey] = sortkeys[sortkey] + 1 end if sortkeys[sortkey] > sortkey_most_frequent_n then sortkey_most_frequent = sortkey sortkey_most_frequent_n = sortkeys[sortkey] end end end if must_be_first and not is_at_the_start then error("The template {{[[Template:" .. name .. "|" .. name .. "]]}} should occur to the front of the definition line.") end return should_remove end line = remove_templates_if(line, process_template) line = line:gsub("^%s+", ""):gsub("%s+$", "") -- Prune ends. -- Tidy up the remaining definition (to be used as a gloss). -- Truncate full sentences after a period, as they won't be formatted well as a gloss. Require a space after -- the period as a possible way of reducing false positives with abbreviations. local gloss = line if not args.no_truncate_gloss then -- Substitute a list of known abbreviations that shouldn't mark the end-point of the gloss, which will be reinserted after truncation. local abbrevs = {"A.D.", "B.C.", "B.C.E.", "c[af]?.", "C.E.", "e.g.", "fl.", "i.[ae].", "r.", "sc.", "scil.", "viz.", "vs?."} local substitutes, i = {}, 0 local function insert_substitute(m) i = i + 1 insert(substitutes, m) return u(0x80000 + i) end for i, abbrev in ipairs(abbrevs) do abbrev = abbrev:gsub("%.", "%%.") :gsub("%f[^.].", " *%0") abbrevs[i] = abbrev gloss = gloss:gsub("%f[%S]" .. abbrev .. "%f[%s]", insert_substitute) end gloss = gloss:gsub("%s*%. .*$", "") :gsub("\242[\128-\191]*", function(m) return substitutes[codepoint(m) - 0x80000] end) end gloss = gloss:gsub("^%u", lower):gsub("%.$", "") gloss = gloss:gsub("^{{1|([^}|]*)}}", "%1") -- Remove [[Template:1]] local _, link_end, link_dest_head, link_dest_tail, link_face_head, link_face_tail = gloss:find("^%[%[(.)([^|%]]*)|(.)([^%]]*)%]%]") -- Remove [[foo|Foo]] if link_end ~= nil and link_dest_tail == link_face_tail and link_face_head:lower() == link_dest_head then gloss = "[[" .. link_dest_head .. link_dest_tail .. gloss:sub(link_end - 1) end gloss = preprocess(frame, gloss) if copy_sortkey then sort = sortkey_most_frequent end local formatted_senseid = "" local formatted_senseid_close = "" if id ~= nil then formatted_senseid = require("Module:anchors").senseid(language, id, "span") if formatted_senseid:find("<span") then formatted_senseid_close = "</span>" end end local formatted_categories = ((next(cats ) == nil) and "" or frame:expandTemplate({ title = "cat", args = { language_code, unpack(cats ) } })) .. ((next(cats_cln) == nil) and "" or frame:expandTemplate({ title = "cln", args = { language_code, unpack(cats_cln) } })) .. ((next(cats_top) == nil) and "" or frame:expandTemplate({ title = "top", args = { language_code, unpack(cats_top) } })) local formatted_to = to and "to " or "" local formatted_definition if generator ~= nil then local data = { frame = frame, lang = language, source = source, source_lang = source_lang, id = id, sort = sort, no_gloss = no_gloss, gloss = gloss, formatted_to = formatted_to, } formatted_definition = generator(data) nolb = data.nolb or nolb else local formatted_link = require("Module:links").full_link { term = source, lang = source_lang, id = id } local formatted_gloss = no_gloss and "" or (" " .. gloss_left .. gloss .. gloss_right) formatted_definition = formatted_to .. formatted_link .. formatted_gloss end nolb = args["nolb"] or nolb local labels_to_ignore = nil local ignore_all_labels = false if nolb then if nolb == "+" or nolb == "1" or nolb == "*" then ignore_all_labels = true else labels_to_ignore = split(nolb, ";") end end local this_labels = require("Module:table").deepcopy(labels) if not ignore_all_labels then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(this_labels, found_labels, labels_to_ignore, 1) end local formatted_labels = (next(this_labels) == nil) and "" or (require("Module:labels").show_labels { labels = this_labels, lang = language, sort = sort} .. " ") insert(retlines, formatted_senseid .. formatted_categories .. formatted_labels .. formatted_definition .. formatted_senseid_close) end return concat(retlines, "\n" .. (args.indent or "#") .. " ") end return export 8ml85l31jozxx7z1oztz09eamf0u8w9 5714222 5714221 2026-03-30T08:53:27Z Octahedron80 267 5714222 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local anchors_module = "Module:anchors" local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local headword_data_module = "Module:headword/data" local labels_module = "Module:labels" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local links_module = "Module:links" local pages_module = "Module:pages" local parameters_module = "Module:parameters" local parse_interface_module = "Module:parse interface" local place_module = "Module:place" local string_char_module = "Module:string/char" local string_pattern_escape_module = "Module:string/patternEscape" local string_remove_comments_module = "Module:string/removeComments" local string_replacement_escape_module = "Module:string/replacementEscape" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local table_module = "Module:table" local template_parser_module = "Module:template parser" local m_place = require(place_module) local enlang = require(languages_module).getByCode("th") -- for convenience local concat = table.concat local find = string.find local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local lower = string.lower local match = string.match local pairs = pairs local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local function codepoint(...) codepoint = require(string_utilities_module).codepoint return codepoint(...) end local function contains(...) contains = require(table_module).contains return contains(...) end local function deep_copy(...) deep_copy = require(table_module).deepCopy return deep_copy(...) end local function find_templates(...) find_templates = require(template_parser_module).find_templates return find_templates(...) end local function full_link(...) full_link = require(links_module).full_link return full_link(...) end local function is_preview(...) is_preview = require(pages_module).is_preview return is_preview(...) end local function pattern_escape(...) pattern_escape = require(string_pattern_escape_module) return pattern_escape(...) end local function process_params(...) process_params = require(parameters_module).process return process_params(...) end local function remove_comments(...) remove_comments = require(string_remove_comments_module) return remove_comments(...) end local function replacement_escape(...) replacement_escape = require(string_replacement_escape_module) return replacement_escape(...) end local function senseid(...) senseid = require(anchors_module).senseid return senseid(...) end local function show_labels(...) show_labels = require(labels_module).show_labels return show_labels(...) end local function split(...) split = require(string_utilities_module).split return split(...) end local function u(...) u = require(string_char_module) return u(...) end -- Add the page to a tracking "category". To see the pages in the "category", -- go to [[Wiktionary:Tracking/transclude/PAGE]] and click on "What links here". local function track(page) require(debug_track_module)("transclude/" .. page) return true end -- Split an argument on comma, but not comma followed by whitespace. local function split_on_comma(val) if val:find(",") then return require(parse_interface_module).split_on_comma(val) else return {val} end end -- Split list of labels. For compatibility, we allow splitting on semicolon, but will convert to splitting on -- comma not followed by space, for compatibility with other modules/params. local function split_labels(val) if val:find(";") then track("label-with-semicolon") return split(val, ";") else return split_on_comma(val) end end -- From [[Template:gloss]] local gloss_left = '<span class="mention-gloss-paren">(</span><span class="mention-gloss">' local gloss_right = '</span><span class="mention-gloss-paren">)</span>' -- Ensure that Wikicode (template calls, bracketed links, HTML, bold/italics, etc.) displays literally in error messages -- by inserting a Unicode word-joiner symbol after all characters that may trigger Wikicode interpretation. Replacing -- with equivalent HTML escapes doesn't work because they are displayed literally. I could not get this to work using -- <nowiki>...</nowiki> (those tags display literally), using using {{#tag:nowiki|...}} (same thing) or using -- mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("nowiki", ...) (everything gets converted to a strip marker -- `UNIQ--nowiki-00000000-QINU` or similar). FIXME: This is a massive hack; there must be a better way. local function escape_wikicode(text) text = text:gsub("([%[<'{])", "%1" .. u(0x2060)) return text end local function preprocess(frame, text) if text:find("{") or text:find("<math>") then return frame:preprocess(text) else return text end end local function ine(arg) return arg ~= "" and arg or nil end local function discard(offset, iter, obj, index) return iter, obj, index + offset end local function remove_templates_if(haystack, predicate) local remaining = {} local last_start = 1 for template in find_templates(haystack) do local name = template:get_name() if name ~= nil and predicate(name, template:get_arguments(), next(remaining) == nil) then local index = template.index if last_start < index then local chunk = haystack:sub(last_start, index - 1) if chunk:find("%S") then insert(remaining, chunk) end end last_start = index + template.raw:len() end end if last_start == 1 then return haystack else insert(remaining, haystack:sub(last_start)) return concat(remaining) end end local function copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(to, from, deny_list, first_argument) first_argument = first_argument or 2 for _, value in discard(first_argument - 1, ipairs(from)) do if not deny_list or not contains(deny_list, value) then insert(to, value) end end end local function parse_form_of_directive(value, param) local new_directive, new_value = value:match("^@([a-z -]+):(.*)$") if not new_directive then if param then error(("Misformatted value %s=%s; should be e.g. 'place_acronym_of=" .. "@init of:ehemalige jugoslawische Republik Mazedonien' to replace " .. "'@acronym of:...' with '@init of:...'"):format( param, value)) else error(("Misformatted form-of directive '%s'; should be e.g. '@ellip of:Santiago del Estero'"):format( value)) end end if not m_place.all_form_of_directives[new_directive] then local known_directives = {} for k, _ in pairs(m_place.all_form_of_directives) do insert(known_directives, '"' .. k .. '"') end table.sort(known_directives) known_directives = concat(known_directives, ", ") if param then error(("Unrecognized form-of directive '%s' in replacement @-directive %s=%s; " .. "recognized directives are %s"):format(new_directive, param, value, known_directives)) else error(("Unrecognized form-of directive '%s' in '%s'; recognized directives are %s"):format( new_directive, value, known_directives)) end else -- canonicalize replacement directive aliases new_directive = m_place.all_form_of_directives[new_directive].alias_of or new_directive end return new_directive, new_value end local function handle_definition_template(data) local name, args, transclude_args = data.name, data.template_args, data.transclude_args if name == "place" then local place_form_of_directives = data.place_form_of_directives return { should_remove = true, must_be_first = true, generate = function(data) if data.formatted_to and data.formatted_to ~= "" then error("{{place}} cannot be used in conjunction with |to=") end local place_args = {} local langcode = data.lang:getCode() local place_translation_follows = transclude_args.place_translation_follows local include_place_extra_info = transclude_args.include_place_extra_info local drop_extra = not include_place_extra_info -- false or unspecified local extra_info_overridden_set = {} for _, extra_info_spec in pairs(m_place.extra_info_args) do local overriding_arg = transclude_args["place_" .. extra_info_spec.arg] if overriding_arg and overriding_arg[1] then extra_info_overridden_set[extra_info_spec.arg] = true end end local form_of_overridden_args = {} for form_of_directive, directive_spec in pairs(m_place.all_form_of_directives) do if not directive_spec.alias_of then local transclude_key = "place_" .. (form_of_directive:gsub(" ", "_")) local transclude_value = transclude_args[transclude_key] if transclude_value then local new_directive, new_value if transclude_value:find("^@") then new_directive, new_value = parse_form_of_directive(transclude_value, transclude_key) else new_directive = form_of_directive new_value = transclude_value end form_of_overridden_args[form_of_directive] = { new_directive = new_directive, new_value = new_value, } if directive_spec.default_foreign and place_translation_follows == nil then place_translation_follows = true end end end end place_args[1] = langcode place_args.pagename = data.source -- If form-of directives specified in the numeric args to {{tcl}}, they get inserted before any -- numeric args taken from {{place}}. local next_numarg = 2 for _, form_of_directive in ipairs(place_form_of_directives) do place_args[next_numarg] = ("@%s:%s"):format(form_of_directive.directive, form_of_directive.value) next_numarg = next_numarg + 1 end local saw_tcl_t local saw_t -- Copy the arguments but drop translations, maybe the "extra info", and maybe the numbered args -- (if tcl= given) local tcl_arg = ine(args.tcl) for key, val in pairs(args) do local base = tostring(key):match("^(.-)(%d*)$") if base == "tcl_t" or base == "tcl_tid" then saw_tcl_t = true -- otherwise ignore elseif base == "tcl_nolb" then data.nolb = val -- otherwise ignore elseif base == "t" or base == "tid" then if transclude_args.t[1] then -- ignore it if the user specified t= in {{tcl}}, otherwise keep it unless tcl_t is given else saw_t = true end elseif m_place.extra_info_arg_map[base] and extra_info_overridden_set[base] then -- don't copy any extra info arguments that we will be overriding, in case there are more -- original values than overrides for this particular argument elseif base == "" then if not tcl_arg and key > 1 then -- We want keys starting at 2 to go into positions starting at `next_numarg`. place_args[next_numarg + key - 2] = val end else place_args[key] = val end end local function sub_plus(t) if t:find("+") then t = t:gsub("+", replacement_escape(data.source)) end return t end -- If tcl= given, copy its value into the numeric args. if tcl_arg then place_args[next_numarg] = tcl_arg next_numarg = next_numarg + 1 place_args.a = nil end if transclude_args.t[1] then local argno = 1 for _, t in ipairs(transclude_args.t) do if t ~= "-" then place_args["t" .. (argno == 1 and "" or argno)] = sub_plus(t) argno = argno + 1 end end elseif langcode ~= "th" then if saw_tcl_t then for key, val in pairs(args) do local base, num = tostring(key):match("^(.-)(%d*)$") if base == "tcl_t" then place_args["t" .. num] = sub_plus(val) elseif base == "tcl_tid" then place_args["tid" .. num] = val end end elseif saw_t then for key, val in pairs(args) do local base = tostring(key):match("^(.-)(%d*)$") if base == "t" or base == "tid" then place_args[key] = val end end else place_args["t"] = data.source place_args["tid"] = data.id end end place_args["sort"] = data.sort if data.nocat then place_args["nocat"] = "1" end if transclude_args.place_addl then place_args.addl = transclude_args.place_addl end if data.no_gloss then place_args["def"] = "-" else local gloss = data.gloss -- Copy overriding extra info values. They are in the term language rather than English, -- which we signal through `extra_info_overridden_set`. for _, extra_info_spec in pairs(m_place.extra_info_args) do for i, v in ipairs(transclude_args["place_" .. extra_info_spec.arg]) do place_args[extra_info_spec.arg .. (i == 1 and "" or i)] = v end end if not args.tcl_noextratext and not tcl_arg and gloss ~= "" then -- Copy text after {{place}} into {{place}}, unless tcl= or tcl_noextratext= is given. local first_free = 2 while place_args[first_free] ~= nil do first_free = first_free + 1 end if place_args[first_free - 1]:find("<<") then -- new-style argument; concatenate to end of argument if not gloss:find("^[,;.]") then gloss = " " .. gloss end place_args[first_free - 1] = place_args[first_free - 1] .. gloss else -- old-style argument; add as separate argument if gloss:find("^,") then place_args[first_free] = gloss:gsub("^, *", "") elseif gloss:find("^;") then place_args[first_free] = ";" place_args[first_free + 1] = gloss:gsub("^; *", "") else -- the "*" ensures no extra comma place_args[first_free] = "*" .. gloss:gsub("^ *", "") end end end end return m_place.format { template_args = place_args, from_tcl = true, drop_extra_info = drop_extra, extra_info_overridden_set = extra_info_overridden_set, form_of_overridden_args = form_of_overridden_args, translation_follows = place_translation_follows, } end, } elseif name == "abbreviation of" or name == "abbr of" or name == "abbrev of" or name == "acronym of" or name == "ellipsis of" or name == "contraction of" or name == "contr of" or name == "initialism of" or name == "init of" or name == "short for" or name == "synonym of" then return { should_remove = true, must_be_first = true, generate = function(data) local formatted_gloss = "" if not data.no_gloss then local formatted_link = full_link{ term = args[2], alt = args[3], lang = data.source_lang, id = args["id"] } local after_link = "" if data.gloss ~= "" then local separator = (args["nodot"] and "") or ((args["dot"] or ";") .. " ") after_link = separator .. data.gloss end formatted_gloss = " " .. gloss_left .. formatted_link .. after_link .. gloss_right end return data.formatted_to .. full_link{ term = data.source, lang = data.source_lang, id = data.id } .. formatted_gloss end, } end return nil end function export.show(frame) local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local list = {list = true} local required = {required = true} local params = { [1] = {required = true, type = "language"}, -- langcode of target language (the current entry's language) [2] = {list = true, required = true}, -- source English term to transclude from and/or form-or directives id = true, -- can have multiple comma-separated IDs sort = true, nogloss = {default = false, type = "boolean"}, no_truncate_gloss = boolean, -- Normally, we ignore most of the extra info (capital, largest city, official name, etc.) when transcluding -- {{place}} because the given terms are in English and will likely differ from language to language. include_place_extra_info = boolean, -- Normally the translation (the transcluded page or overriding value in t=) comes first with the definition -- following in parens, but that may not produce sensible results in some cases, such as initialisms; e.g. if -- we define [[GDR]] as -- {{place|en|@init of:German Democratic Republic|@official name of:East Germany|former country|r/Central Europe}} -- and then we define Polish [[NRD]] as -- {{tcl|pl|GDR|place_init_of=Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna<eq:German Democratic Republic>}}, we get -- "GDR (initialism of Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna (= German Democratic Republic), official name of East Germany, a former country in Central Europe)" -- which makes no sense as GDR is not an initialism of [[Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna]]. Instead what we -- want is a display more like -- "initialism of Niemiecka Republika Demokratyczna (= German Democratic Republic), official name of East Germany, a former country in Central Europe: [[GDR]]". -- `place_translation_follows=1` causes that to happen, and it also happens by default whenever an argument like -- place_init_of= (or more generally, any of the form-of directives that are marked as `default_foreign`); to -- disable the postposed display in that case, use `place_translation_follows=0`. place_translation_follows = boolean, place_addl = true, lb = true, -- can have multiple comma-separated or (for compatibility) semicolon-separated labels nolb = true, -- can have multiple comma-separated or (for compatibility) semicolon-separated labels nocat = boolean, to = boolean, t = list, indent = true, dot = boolean, pagename = true, } for _, extra_arg_spec in ipairs(m_place.extra_info_args) do params["place_" .. extra_arg_spec.arg] = list end for form_of_directive, directive_spec in pairs(m_place.all_form_of_directives) do params["place_" .. (form_of_directive:gsub(" ", "_"))] = directive_spec.alias_of and {alias_of = "place_" .. (directive_spec.alias_of:gsub(" ", "_"))} or true end local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, params) local pagename = args.pagename or mw.loadData(headword_data_module).pagename local language = args[1] local language_code = language:getCode() local source local place_form_of_directives = {} if args[2][1]:find("^@") then -- form-of directives in place of source for i, arg in ipairs(args[2]) do if arg:find("^@") then local directive, value = parse_form_of_directive(arg) insert(place_form_of_directives, { directive = directive, value = value, }) elseif i ~= #args[2] then error(("When form-of directives are specified, the source must come last, but saw source %s=%s " .. "when higher-numbered arguments exist"):format(i + 1, arg)) else source = arg end end if not source then source = place_form_of_directives[#place_form_of_directives].value:gsub("<.*", "") end elseif args[2][2] then error(("Extraneous argument 3=%s"):format(args[2][2])) else source = args[2][1] end local source_lang = enlang local source_langcode = source_lang:getCode() local source_langname = source_lang:getFullName() local ids = args.id and split(args.id, ",") or {""} local sort = args.sort if source == "+" then source = pagename end local source_is_current_page = source == pagename local copy_sortkey = (sort == nil) and source_is_current_page local no_gloss = args.nogloss local labels = args.lb and split_labels(args.lb) or {} local to = args.to local function issue_error(msg) if source_is_current_page and is_preview() then msg = msg .. ". NOTE: You are in preview mode. If you're previewing only part of the page, try previewing the full page, as the error may go away." end error(msg) end local content = mw.title.new(source):getContent() if content == nil then issue_error("Couldn't find the entry [[" .. source .. "]]") end -- Remove HTML comments. content = remove_comments(content) -- Remove <ref></ref> with nothing inside the first <ref>. content = content:gsub("< *[rR][eE][fF] *>.-< */ *[rR][eE][fF] *>", "") -- Remove <ref ...></ref> but don't get confused by inline modifiers <ref:...>. content = content:gsub("< *[rR][eE][fF][^%a>/:][^>/]*>.-< */ *[rR][eE][fF] *>", "") -- Remove <ref/> with nothing inside the <ref>. content = content:gsub("< *[rR][eE][fF] */ *>", "") -- Remove <ref .../> but don't get confused by inline modifiers <ref:...>. content = content:gsub("< *[rR][eE][fF][^%a>/:][^>/]*/ *>", "") -- TODO: Handle <nowiki> (it's more complex than just cutting it out too). local retlines = {} for _, id in ipairs(ids) do local nolb local found_labels = {} local line_start, line if id == "" then id = nil end if id ~= nil then local senseid_start, senseid_end = content:find("{{ *senseid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *" .. pattern_escape(id) .. " *}}") if senseid_start == nil then senseid_start, senseid_end = content:find("{{ *sid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *" .. pattern_escape(id) .. " *}}") end if senseid_start == nil then local alternatives = nil for id in content:gmatch("{{ *senseid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *([^}]*)}}") do alternatives = alternatives and alternatives .. ", " .. id or id end for id in content:gmatch("{{ *sid *| *" .. pattern_escape(source_langcode) .. " *| *([^}]*)}}") do alternatives = alternatives and alternatives .. ", " .. id or id end if alternatives then alternatives = ": Alternatives for |id= are: " .. alternatives else alternatives = "" end issue_error("Couldn't find the template {{[[Template:senseid|senseid]]|" .. source_langcode .. "|" .. id .. "}} within entry [[" .. source .. "]]" .. alternatives) end -- Do the following manually instead of using regex or iterators in hopes of saving memory. local newline, pound = 10, 35 line_start = senseid_start while line_start > 0 and content:byte(line_start - 1) ~= newline do line_start = line_start - 1 end local def_start = line_start while content:byte(def_start) == pound do def_start = def_start + 1 end local line_end = senseid_end while line_end < content:len() and content:byte(line_end + 1) ~= newline do line_end = line_end + 1 end line = content:sub(def_start, senseid_start - 1) .. content:sub(senseid_end + 1, line_end) else -- id == nil local _, start_source = find(content, "==[ \t]*" .. pattern_escape(source_langname) .. "[ \t]*==") if not start_source then issue_error(("Couldn't find L2 header for source language '%s' on page [[%s]]"):format(source_langname, source)) end -- Find index of start of next language; may be nil if no language follows. local _, start_next_lang = find(content, "\n==[^=\n]+==", start_source, false) content = content:sub(start_source, start_next_lang) while true do local next_line_start _, next_line_start = find(content, "\n#+[^:*]", line_start, false) if not next_line_start then break end if line_start then local first_line = match(content, "(.-)%f[\n%z]", line_start) local next_line = match(content, "(.-)%f[\n%z]", next_line_start + 1) issue_error(("No id specified and saw two definition lines '%s' and '%s' for source language '%s' on page [[%s]]"):format( escape_wikicode(first_line), escape_wikicode(next_line), source_langname, source)) end line_start = next_line_start + 1 end if not line_start then issue_error(("Couldn't find any definition lines for source language '%s' on page [[%s]]"):format( source_langname, source)) end line = match(content, "(.-)%f[\n%z]", line_start) end if to == nil then local i = line_start while i > 1 do i = i - 1 -- i is now the index of the newline while i > 1 and content:byte(i - 1) ~= 0xA do i = i - 1 end local header = content:match("^===+([^=\n]+)===+ *\n", i) if header then to = (header:match("Verb") ~= nil) break end end end -- TODO: Remove this error once <nowiki> is handled correctly (see above TODO). if line:find("< *nowiki%W") or line:find("< */ *nowiki%W") then error("Cannot handle <nowiki>") end -- Quick'n'dirty templatization of manual cats so that the below code also works for them. for _, v in ipairs({{source_langcode .. ":", "c"}, {source_lang:getCanonicalName() .. " ", "cln"}, {"", "cat"}}) do line = line:gsub("%[%[ *Category *: *" .. v[1] .. "([^%]|]*)%]%]", "{{" .. v[2] .. "|" .. source_langcode .. "|%1}}") line = line:gsub("%[%[ *Category *%: *" .. v[1] .. "([^%]|]*)%|([^%]|]*)%]%]", "{{" .. v[2] .. "|" .. source_langcode .. "|%1|sort=%2}}") end -- Extract template information. local cats = {} local cats_cln = {} local cats_top = {} local encountered_label = false local generator = nil local sortkeys = {} local sortkey_most_frequent = nil local sortkey_most_frequent_n = 0 local function process_template(name, tempargs, is_at_the_start) -- Expand any nested templates in template arguments. for k, v in pairs(tempargs) do tempargs[k] = preprocess(frame, v) end local supports_sortkey = false local should_remove = true -- If set, removes the template from the line after processing. local must_be_first = false -- If set, ensures that nothing (except for removed templates) preceeds this template. local definition_template_handler = handle_definition_template { name = name, template_args = tempargs, transclude_args = args, place_form_of_directives = place_form_of_directives, } if definition_template_handler ~= nil then if generator ~= nil then error("Encountered {{[[Template:" .. name .. "|" .. name .. "]]}} even though a full definition template has already been processed") end should_remove = definition_template_handler.should_remove must_be_first = definition_template_handler.must_be_first generator = definition_template_handler.generate elseif name == "categorize" or name == "cat" then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(cats, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true elseif name == "catlangname" or name == "cln" then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(cats, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true elseif name == "catlangcode" or name == "topics" or name == "top" or name == "C" or name == "c" then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(cats_top, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true elseif name == "label" or name == "lbl" or name == "lb" then if encountered_label then error("Encountered multiple {{[[Template:label|label]]}} templates in the definition line") end encountered_label = true copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(found_labels, tempargs) supports_sortkey = true must_be_first = true elseif name == "defdate" or name == "defdt" or name == "century" or name == "ref" or name == "refn" or name == "rfd-sense" or name == "rfv-sense" or name == "senseid" or name == "sid" then -- Remove and do nothing. else -- We are dealing with a template other than the above hard-coded ones. -- If it contains the language code, we cannot handle it. if tempargs[1] == source_langcode then error("Cannot handle template {{[[Template:" .. name .. "|" .. name .. "]]}}") end supports_sortkey = tempargs["sort"] or tempargs["sort1"] -- TODO: This doesn't handle the case where there is only sortn but not sort1/sort. should_remove = false -- Leave the template in and just copy it, e.g. [[Template:,]], [[Template:gloss]], [[Template:qualifier]], [[Template:w]] etc. end if supports_sortkey then if tempargs["sort1"] ~= nil then error("Cannot handle multiple sort keys") end local sortkey = tempargs["sort"] if sortkey ~= nil then if sortkeys[sortkey] == nil then sortkeys[sortkey] = 1 else sortkeys[sortkey] = sortkeys[sortkey] + 1 end if sortkeys[sortkey] > sortkey_most_frequent_n then sortkey_most_frequent = sortkey sortkey_most_frequent_n = sortkeys[sortkey] end end end if must_be_first and not is_at_the_start then error("The template {{[[Template:" .. name .. "|" .. name .. "]]}} should occur to the front of the definition line") end return should_remove end line = remove_templates_if(line, process_template) line = line:gsub("^%s+", ""):gsub("%s+$", "") -- Prune ends. -- Tidy up the remaining definition (to be used as a gloss). -- Truncate full sentences after a period, as they won't be formatted well as a gloss. Require a space after -- the period as a possible way of reducing false positives with abbreviations. local gloss = line if not args.no_truncate_gloss then -- Substitute a list of known abbreviations that shouldn't mark the end-point of the gloss, which will be reinserted after truncation. local abbrevs = {"A.D.", "B.C.", "B.C.E.", "c[af]?.", "C.E.", "e.g.", "fl.", "i.[ae].", "r.", "sc.", "scil.", "viz.", "vs?."} local substitutes, i = {}, 0 local function insert_substitute(m) i = i + 1 insert(substitutes, m) return u(0x80000 + i) end for j, abbrev in ipairs(abbrevs) do abbrev = abbrev:gsub("%.", "%%.") :gsub("%f[^.].", " *%0") abbrevs[j] = abbrev gloss = gloss:gsub("%f[%S]" .. abbrev .. "%f[%s]", insert_substitute) end gloss = gloss:gsub("%s*%. .*$", "") :gsub("\242[\128-\191]*", function(m) return substitutes[codepoint(m) - 0x80000] end) end gloss = gloss:gsub("^%u", lower):gsub("%.$", "") gloss = gloss:gsub("^{{1|([^}|]*)}}", "%1") -- Remove [[Template:1]] local _, link_end, link_dest_head, link_dest_tail, link_face_head, link_face_tail = gloss:find("^%[%[(.)([^|%]]*)|(.)([^%]]*)%]%]") -- Remove [[foo|Foo]] if link_end ~= nil and link_dest_tail == link_face_tail and link_face_head:lower() == link_dest_head then gloss = "[[" .. link_dest_head .. link_dest_tail .. gloss:sub(link_end - 1) end gloss = preprocess(frame, gloss) if copy_sortkey then sort = sortkey_most_frequent end local formatted_senseid = "" local formatted_senseid_close = "" if id ~= nil then formatted_senseid = senseid(language, id, "span") if formatted_senseid:find("<span") then formatted_senseid_close = "</span>" end end local formatted_categories = args.nocat and "" or ( ((next(cats ) == nil) and "" or frame:expandTemplate({title = "cat", args = {language_code, unpack(cats )}})) .. ((next(cats_cln) == nil) and "" or frame:expandTemplate({title = "cln", args = {language_code, unpack(cats_cln)}})) .. ((next(cats_top) == nil) and "" or frame:expandTemplate({title = "top", args = {language_code, unpack(cats_top)}})) ) local formatted_to = to and "to " or "" local formatted_definition if generator ~= nil then local data = { frame = frame, lang = language, source = source, source_lang = source_lang, id = id, sort = sort, nocat = args.nocat, no_gloss = no_gloss, gloss = gloss, formatted_to = formatted_to, } formatted_definition = generator(data) nolb = data.nolb or nolb else local formatted_link = full_link{term = source, lang = source_lang, id = id} local formatted_gloss = no_gloss and "" or (" " .. gloss_left .. gloss .. gloss_right) formatted_definition = formatted_to .. formatted_link .. formatted_gloss end nolb = args.nolb or nolb local labels_to_ignore = nil local ignore_all_labels = false if nolb then if nolb == "+" or nolb == "1" or nolb == "*" then ignore_all_labels = true else labels_to_ignore = split_labels(nolb) end end local this_labels = deep_copy(labels) if not ignore_all_labels then copy_unnamed_args_maybe_except_code(this_labels, found_labels, labels_to_ignore, 1) end local formatted_labels = (next(this_labels) == nil) and "" or (show_labels{labels = this_labels, lang = language, sort = sort} .. " ") insert(retlines, formatted_senseid .. formatted_categories .. formatted_labels .. formatted_definition .. formatted_senseid_close .. (args.dot and "." or "")) end return concat(retlines, "\n" .. (args.indent or "#") .. " ") end return export k0l54pj8u3ykffhglrasq66tnd0kfpk 0 1054060 5714058 5386805 2026-03-30T04:30:36Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714058 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === รากศัพท์ 1 === จาก{{affix|en|besuit|-ed}} ==== คำกริยา ==== {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|en|besuit||ed-form}} === รากศัพท์ 2 === จาก{{prefix|en|be|suited}} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{en-adj|-}} # [[ที่]][[ใส่]][[ชุด]][[สูท]] #* {{quote-text|en|year=2010|author=Andrew Mueller; Douglas A. Martin|title=I Wouldn't Start from Here|passage=Here, '''besuited''' men with earpieces ushered us into a black Mercedes with tinted windows. On arrival at our destination, more '''besuited''' men with earpieces searched our bags, and made photocopies of my press card.}} tvagm4ektlvw4zvk3v3in5hm1xnl9pc 5714060 5714058 2026-03-30T04:30:58Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำคุณศัพท์ */ 5714060 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === รากศัพท์ 1 === จาก{{affix|en|besuit|-ed}} ==== คำกริยา ==== {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|en|besuit||ed-form}} === รากศัพท์ 2 === จาก{{prefix|en|be|suited}} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{en-adj|-}} # [[ที่]][[ใส่]][[ชุด]][[สูท]] #* {{quote-text|en|year=2010|author=Andrew Mueller; Douglas A. Martin|title=I Wouldn't Start from Here|passage=Here, '''besuited''' men with earpieces ushered us into a black Mercedes with tinted windows. On arrival at our destination, more '''besuited''' men with earpieces searched our bags, and made photocopies of my press card.|t=ที่นี่ ชายสวมสูทและสวมหูฟังพาเราขึ้นรถเมอร์เซเดสสีดำติดฟิล์มกรองแสง เมื่อถึงที่หมาย ชายสวมสูทและสวมหูฟังอีกกลุ่มหนึ่งค้นกระเป๋าของเราและถ่ายสำเนาบัตรประจำตัวนักข่าวของฉัน}} mdwfsw1b0xb0wswyv290vf7fsytxav6 0 1057912 5713950 2699995 2026-03-30T03:57:52Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713950 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|en|คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{en-superlative of|stiff}} == ภาษาอังกฤษกลาง == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|enm|คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นสุด}} # {{superlative of|enm|stif|POS=คำกริยาวิเศษณ์}} eek0navjgxdcru7bigrbphwsxzdpswe 5713951 5713950 2026-03-30T03:59:23Z Octahedron80 267 5713951 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|en|คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{en-superlative of|stiff}} == ภาษาอังกฤษกลาง == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|enm|คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{superlative of|enm|stif}} gzeutluko118ngf2s0s518qnqwr8n32 5713952 5713951 2026-03-30T04:00:07Z Octahedron80 267 ย้อนรุ่นแก้ไข [[Special:Diff/5713951|5713951]] ของ [[Special:Contributions/Octahedron80|Octahedron80]] ([[User talk:Octahedron80|คุย]]) 5713952 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|en|คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{en-superlative of|stiff}} == ภาษาอังกฤษกลาง == === คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ === {{head|enm|คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นสุด}} # {{superlative of|enm|stif|POS=คำกริยาวิเศษณ์}} 9rg3rwinsfg11fq7qj6ozajl5om1krf 0 1058124 5713948 2700221 2026-03-30T03:57:04Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ */ 5713948 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|en|คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{en-superlative of|sore}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{anagrams|en|a=eorsst|RTOSes|Restos|Sostre|restos|retoss|rosest|rosets|sortes|stores|torses|tosser|tsores}} == ภาษาอังกฤษกลาง == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|enm|คำคุณศัพท์ขั้นสุด}} # {{superlative of|enm|sore}} === คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ === {{head|enm|คำกริยาวิเศษณ์ขั้นสุด}} # {{superlative of|enm|sore|POS=คำกริยาวิเศษณ์}} o1ocnzkxouiypl0j21k8vh64dg2mit2 0 1083823 5713953 2764940 2026-03-30T04:01:39Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5713953 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากาลิเซีย == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|gl|รูปคุณศัพท์}} # {{feminine plural of|gl|matemático}} === คำนาม === {{head|gl|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|gl|matemática}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|pt|รูปคุณศัพท์|g=f-p}} # {{adj form of|pt|matemático||f|p}} === คำนาม === {{head|pt|รูปนาม|g=f-p}} # {{plural of|pt|matemática}} == ภาษาสเปน == === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-matemáticas.wav<a:Colombia>>}} === คำนาม === {{es-noun|f-p}} # [[คณิตศาสตร์]] ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|es|matemáticas aplicadas|matemáticas puras}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|es|รูปคุณศัพท์|g=f-p}} # {{adj form of|es|matemático||f|p}} === คำนาม === {{head|es|รูปนาม|g=f-p}} # {{noun form of|es|matemática||p}} bfqdkc42n6je12y463uo9g6kbkuu142 0 1626250 5713910 3430893 2026-03-30T03:44:09Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5713910 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากาลิเซีย == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|gl|roa-opt|alfaiate}}, จาก{{der|gl|ar|خياط|الْخَيَّاط|ช่างตัดเสื้อ}}; เทียบ{{cog|pt|alfaiate}} และ{{cog|ast|alfayate}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|gl|[alfaˈi̯at̪ɪ]}} === คำนาม === {{gl-noun|m}} # [[ช่างตัดเสื้อ]] #: {{syn|gl|xastre}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:roa-opt:DDGM}} * {{R:roa-opt:CX}} * {{R:gl:DDLG}} * {{R:gl:TILG}} {{C|gl|อาชีพ|บุคคล}} == ภาษากาลิเซีย-โปรตุเกสเก่า == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|roa-opt|ar|خَيَّاط|اَلْخَيَّاط|ช่างตัดเสื้อ}}; เทียบ{{cog|roa-ole|alfayat}} === คำนาม === {{roa-opt-noun|m|pl=alfaiates}} # [[ช่างตัดเสื้อ]] ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|gl|alfaiate}} * {{desc|pt|alfaiate}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * [https://universocantigas.gal/glosario/termo/150 Universo Cantigas - "alfaiate"] == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA|br=+|pt=alfa.yate}} * {{IPA|pt|[awfaɪ̯ˈati]|a=Nordestino}} * {{audio|pt|LL-Q5146 (por)-MedK1-alfaiate.wav|a=<<Brazil>> (<<Caipira>>)}} * {{hyph|pt|al|fai|a|te}} === รากศัพท์ 1 === {{inh+|pt|roa-opt|alfaiate}}, จาก{{der|pt|ar|خياط|الْخَيَّاط|ช่างตัดเสื้อ}}; เทียบ{{cog|gl|alfaiate}} ==== คำนาม ==== {{pt-noun|m}} # [[ช่างตัดเสื้อ]] # [[นกปากงอน]] ([[pied avocet]]) # [[จิงโจ้น้ำ]] ([[water strider]]), แมลงในวงศ์ Gerridae === รากศัพท์ 2 === {{nonlemma}} ==== คำกริยา ==== {{head|pt|รูปกริยา}} # {{pt-verb form of|alfaiatar}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} {{C|pt|อาชีพ}} 8ogcn216yxfpmodt148ht44muoymsrl 3 1627014 5714194 4614818 2026-03-30T05:32:33Z Mfield 18495 Mfield ย้ายหน้า [[คุยกับผู้ใช้:Anohthterwikipedian]] ไปยัง [[คุยกับผู้ใช้:Star walker]]: ย้ายหน้าอัตโนมัติขณะเปลี่ยนชื่อผู้ใช้ "[[Special:CentralAuth/Anohthterwikipedian|Anohthterwikipedian]]" เป็น "[[Special:CentralAuth/Star walker|Star walker]]" 4614818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Anohthterwikipedian}} -- [[ผู้ใช้:New user message|New user message]] ([[คุยกับผู้ใช้:New user message|คุย]]) 05:39, 23 พฤษภาคม 2568 (+07) mk7a6m7xny7fb54fkblhae0kxprsuz2 0 1703852 5713927 4692287 2026-03-30T03:53:25Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713927 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากรีก == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|el|γονιός|g=m}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|el|grc|γονεύς}} === คำนาม === {{el-noun|m|g2=f|γονείς}} # [[พ่อแม่]] ([[parent]]) ==== การผันรูป ==== {{el-nM-εας-εις-1b|γον}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|el|πατέρας|g=m|t=father}} * {{l|el|μητέρα|g=f|t=mother}} : ''and see:'' [[ภาคผนวก:Greek vocabulary/Family]] {{C|el|ครอบครัว}} tns2mwxmgncx5on3ev79aq6qvu2shd0 5713928 5713927 2026-03-30T03:53:46Z Octahedron80 267 /* ดูเพิ่ม */ 5713928 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากรีก == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|el|γονιός|g=m}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|el|grc|γονεύς}} === คำนาม === {{el-noun|m|g2=f|γονείς}} # [[พ่อแม่]] ([[parent]]) ==== การผันรูป ==== {{el-nM-εας-εις-1b|γον}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|el|πατέρας|g=m|t=พ่อ}} * {{l|el|μητέρα|g=f|t=แม่}} : ''และดูที่:'' [[ภาคผนวก:Greek vocabulary/Family]] {{C|el|ครอบครัว}} o7uqab4eexdw77r8jfxd79avst5478s 0 1726600 5714248 4750287 2026-03-30T09:30:10Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714248 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == {{wp|nl:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|nl|Griekeland||obsolete}} * {{alt|nl|Griekelandt||obsolete}} * {{alt|nl|Griekelant||obsolete}} * {{alt|nl|Griekenlandt||obsolete}} * {{alt|nl|Griekenlant||obsolete}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|nl|dum|Griekenlant}}, จาก{{inh|nl|odt|Grieklant}}; เทียบเท่า{{com|nl|Griek|t1=กรีก, ชาวกรีก|-en-|land|t3=ดินแดน, ประเทศ}} {{etystub|nl}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nl|/ˈɣrikə(n)ˌlɑnt/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-Griekenland.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|Grie|ken|land}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{nl-proper noun|n|adj=Grieks|mdem=Griek|fdem=Griekse}} # {{tcl|nl|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|nl|Helleense Republiek}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|af|Griekeland}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/nl}} {{cln|nl|exonyms}} t387c4ymtve9z2ku52vul8n8pkbcjtf 0 1729319 5713955 4757408 2026-03-30T04:03:52Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาสเปน */ เก็บกวาด 5713955 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาสเปน == {{wp|es:}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-playa.wav<a:Colombia>>}} === รากศัพท์ 1 === {{inh+|es|la-lat|plagia}}, จาก{{der|es|la|plaga}}; เทียบ{{cog|pt|praia}}, {{cog|fr|plage}}, {{cog|it|spiaggia}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{alt|es|plasha||pronunciation spelling|representing Rioplatense Spanish}} ==== คำนาม ==== {{es-noun|f}} # [[หาด]] #: {{syn|es|grao}} #* {{quote-song|es|year=1989|title=Aquí no hay playa|artist=The Refrescos|passage=Afirmaréis seguros que es la capital de España / Pero al llegar agosto, ¡vaya, vaya! / Aquí no hay '''playa'''|t=You will surely affirm that it is the capital of Spain / But when August arrives, wow, wow! / There is no '''beach''' here}} # [[ที่จอดรถ]] #: {{syn|es|estacionamiento|aparcamiento}} ===== ลูกคำ ===== {{col|es|alacrancillo de playa|balón de playa|júcaro de playa|pelota de playa|playero|uva de playa|verdolaga de playa|voleibol de playa|vóley playa}} ===== คำสืบทอด ===== * {{desc|ceb|aplaya|der=1}} * {{desc|en|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|pap|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|sv|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|tl|aplaya|der=1}} === รากศัพท์ 2 === {{nonlemma}} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{head|es|รูปคุณศัพท์}} # {{adj form of|es|playo||f|s}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:es:DRAE}} * {{R:es:DAMER}} {{C|es|ธรณีสัณฐาน}} t7tjv5kjdfheddy1jm6ja5odqdombu0 5713956 5713955 2026-03-30T04:04:17Z Octahedron80 267 /* รูปแบบอื่น */ 5713956 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาสเปน == {{wp|es:}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-playa.wav<a:Colombia>>}} === รากศัพท์ 1 === {{inh+|es|la-lat|plagia}}, จาก{{der|es|la|plaga}}; เทียบ{{cog|pt|praia}}, {{cog|fr|plage}}, {{cog|it|spiaggia}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{alt|es|plasha||รูปสะกดออกเสียง|representing Rioplatense Spanish}} ==== คำนาม ==== {{es-noun|f}} # [[หาด]] #: {{syn|es|grao}} #* {{quote-song|es|year=1989|title=Aquí no hay playa|artist=The Refrescos|passage=Afirmaréis seguros que es la capital de España / Pero al llegar agosto, ¡vaya, vaya! / Aquí no hay '''playa'''|t=You will surely affirm that it is the capital of Spain / But when August arrives, wow, wow! / There is no '''beach''' here}} # [[ที่จอดรถ]] #: {{syn|es|estacionamiento|aparcamiento}} ===== ลูกคำ ===== {{col|es|alacrancillo de playa|balón de playa|júcaro de playa|pelota de playa|playero|uva de playa|verdolaga de playa|voleibol de playa|vóley playa}} ===== คำสืบทอด ===== * {{desc|ceb|aplaya|der=1}} * {{desc|en|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|pap|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|sv|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|tl|aplaya|der=1}} === รากศัพท์ 2 === {{nonlemma}} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{head|es|รูปคุณศัพท์}} # {{adj form of|es|playo||f|s}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:es:DRAE}} * {{R:es:DAMER}} {{C|es|ธรณีสัณฐาน}} 5gd53n7go33vhhcpsamt00cpi0kvr70 5713957 5713956 2026-03-30T04:07:11Z Octahedron80 267 /* รูปแบบอื่น */ 5713957 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาสเปน == {{wp|es:}} === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-playa.wav<a:Colombia>>}} === รากศัพท์ 1 === {{inh+|es|la-lat|plagia}}, จาก{{der|es|la|plaga}}; เทียบ{{cog|pt|praia}}, {{cog|fr|plage}}, {{cog|it|spiaggia}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{alt|es|plasha||รูปสะกดออกเสียง|ในภาษาสเปนแบบริโอเดลาปลาตา}} ==== คำนาม ==== {{es-noun|f}} # [[หาด]] #: {{syn|es|grao}} #* {{quote-song|es|year=1989|title=Aquí no hay playa|artist=The Refrescos|passage=Afirmaréis seguros que es la capital de España / Pero al llegar agosto, ¡vaya, vaya! / Aquí no hay '''playa'''|t=You will surely affirm that it is the capital of Spain / But when August arrives, wow, wow! / There is no '''beach''' here}} # [[ที่จอดรถ]] #: {{syn|es|estacionamiento|aparcamiento}} ===== ลูกคำ ===== {{col|es|alacrancillo de playa|balón de playa|júcaro de playa|pelota de playa|playero|uva de playa|verdolaga de playa|voleibol de playa|vóley playa}} ===== คำสืบทอด ===== * {{desc|ceb|aplaya|der=1}} * {{desc|en|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|pap|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|sv|playa|bor=1}} * {{desc|tl|aplaya|der=1}} === รากศัพท์ 2 === {{nonlemma}} ==== คำคุณศัพท์ ==== {{head|es|รูปคุณศัพท์}} # {{adj form of|es|playo||f|s}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:es:DRAE}} * {{R:es:DAMER}} {{C|es|ธรณีสัณฐาน}} 8e6r01kv9atn0kxplcc8lgwnwf49gb2 0 1860231 5714055 5365744 2026-03-30T04:30:02Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714055 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำกริยา === {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|en|fainten||ed-form}} kubf7d1r0dc7gglydinc4v7brifm6lx 0 2118517 5714054 5448798 2026-03-30T04:29:50Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714054 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำกริยา === {{head|en|รูปกริยา}} # {{inflection of|en|rounden||ed-form}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{anagrams|en|a=ddeennoru|enrounded|underdone}} lw9n5l763bm098u8yrym7k0ajatdngi 0 2325839 5713813 2026-03-29T12:22:45Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 สร้างหน้าด้วย "== ภาษาคำเมือง == === รากศัพท์ === ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|kkh|ᩈᩢ᩠ᨦ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦉᧂ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪎꪰꪉ}}, {{cog|shn|သင်}}, {{cog|lo|ສັງ}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/saŋ˨˦/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำสรรพนาม === {{nod-pronoun}} # [[อะไร]] === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{nod-adj|..." 5713813 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคำเมือง == === รากศัพท์ === ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|kkh|ᩈᩢ᩠ᨦ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦉᧂ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪎꪰꪉ}}, {{cog|shn|သင်}}, {{cog|lo|ສັງ}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/saŋ˨˦/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำสรรพนาม === {{nod-pronoun}} # [[อะไร]] === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{nod-adj|-}} # [[อะไร]] === อ้างอิง === * {{R:nod:LannaDic}} g17we88ujbdijj6pfg7tds29ecnop37 5713814 5713813 2026-03-29T12:33:54Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 /* ภาษาคำเมือง */ 5713814 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคำเมือง == === รูปแบบอื่น === {{nod-alt|~=สัง}} === รากศัพท์ === ร่วมเชื้อสายกับ{{cog|kkh|ᩈᩢ᩠ᨦ}}, {{cog|khb|ᦉᧂ}}, {{cog|blt|ꪎꪰꪉ}}, {{cog|shn|သင်}}, {{cog|lo|ສັງ}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/saŋ˨˦/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำสรรพนาม === {{nod-pronoun}} # [[อะไร]] === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{nod-adj|-}} # [[อะไร]] === อ้างอิง === * {{R:nod:LannaDic}} 0h7h6higkkzk1um2a7o8oxfdrg1iyiy 0 2325841 5713822 2026-03-29T13:20:10Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 สร้างหน้าด้วย "== ภาษาไทลื้อ == === รากศัพท์ === {{com|khb|ᦅᦳᧃ|ᦷᦠ|t1=คน, ไท|t2=คน, เพื่อน}} === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦅᦳᧃ-ᦷᦠ-ᦈᧅ}} === คำนาม === {{khb-noun}} # [[หุ่นยนต์]] === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} * ''Dai Lue dictionary ᦈᦹᧈ ᦶᦑᧃ ᦺᦑ ᦟᦹᧉ 傣泐词典 - ''. W..." 5713822 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทลื้อ == === รากศัพท์ === {{com|khb|ᦅᦳᧃ|ᦷᦠ|t1=คน, ไท|t2=คน, เพื่อน}} === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦅᦳᧃ-ᦷᦠ-ᦈᧅ}} === คำนาม === {{khb-noun}} # [[หุ่นยนต์]] === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} * ''Dai Lue dictionary ᦈᦹᧈ ᦶᦑᧃ ᦺᦑ ᦟᦹᧉ 傣泐词典 - ''. Webonary – Dictionaries and Grammars of the World. https://www.webonary.org/dailu/ 2ylpt3qdjs64809byv69slk5zhu235j 5713823 5713822 2026-03-29T13:24:11Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 /* ภาษาไทลื้อ */ 5713823 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทลื้อ == === รากศัพท์ === {{com|khb|ᦅᦳᧃ|ᦷᦠ|ᦈᧅ|t1=คน|t2=หัว|t3=เครื่องจักร}} === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦅᦳᧃ-ᦷᦠ-ᦈᧅ}} === คำนาม === {{khb-noun}} # [[หุ่นยนต์]] === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} * ''Dai Lue dictionary ᦈᦹᧈ ᦶᦑᧃ ᦺᦑ ᦟᦹᧉ 傣泐词典 - ''. Webonary – Dictionaries and Grammars of the World. https://www.webonary.org/dailu/ tdt0v2nrtwuespntkjwm9wkyv2fpqsh 5713827 5713823 2026-03-29T14:27:33Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 /* ภาษาไทลื้อ */ 5713827 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทลื้อ == === รากศัพท์ === {{com|khb|ᦅᦳᧃ|ᦷᦠᦈᧅ|t1=คน|t2=เครื่องจักร}} === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦅᦳᧃ-ᦷᦠ-ᦈᧅ}} === คำนาม === {{khb-noun}} # [[หุ่นยนต์]] === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} * ''Dai Lue dictionary ᦈᦹᧈ ᦶᦑᧃ ᦺᦑ ᦟᦹᧉ 傣泐词典 - ''. Webonary – Dictionaries and Grammars of the World. https://www.webonary.org/dailu/ py8r2n11rxdztp7qkw6tz1xknsf2bhx 0 2325843 5713826 2026-03-29T14:22:18Z Ai Ku Karng 17824 สร้างหน้าด้วย "== ภาษาไทลื้อ == === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦷᦠ-ᦈᧅ-ᦌᧅ-ᦕᦱᧉ}} === คำนาม === {{khb-noun}} # [[เครื่องซักผ้า]]" 5713826 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาไทลื้อ == === การออกเสียง === {{khb-pron|ᦷᦠ-ᦈᧅ-ᦌᧅ-ᦕᦱᧉ}} === คำนาม === {{khb-noun}} # [[เครื่องซักผ้า]] mfbnwfvvtr707r16vfjpjq2ffybn2xv 14 2325844 5713829 2026-03-29T15:37:33Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325845 5713830 2026-03-29T15:37:35Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325846 5713833 2026-03-29T16:26:30Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325847 5713834 2026-03-29T16:27:33Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 2325848 5713835 2026-03-29T16:28:12Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{also|乗客}} == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=chéngkè |c=sing4 haak3 |mn=qz,tw,xm:sêng-kheh/zz:sêng-kheeh |w=sh:6zen khaq |cat=n }} === คำนาม === {{head|zh|คำนาม}} # [[ผู้โดยสาร]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== {{col3|zh|旅行者|旅客|旅遊者|旅行家|遊客|客人|遊人|yue+hak+nan-tws:搭客<tr:>|nan-hbl:出門人|nan-hb..." 5713835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|乗客}} == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=chéngkè |c=sing4 haak3 |mn=qz,tw,xm:sêng-kheh/zz:sêng-kheeh |w=sh:6zen khaq |cat=n }} === คำนาม === {{head|zh|คำนาม}} # [[ผู้โดยสาร]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== {{col3|zh|旅行者|旅客|旅遊者|旅行家|遊客|客人|遊人|yue+hak+nan-tws:搭客<tr:>|nan-hbl:出門人|nan-hbl:出外人|旅人<qq:วรรณกรรม>|觀光客}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{zh-l|旅行}} * {{zh-l|旅遊}} {{C|zh|บุคคล|การท่องเที่ยว}} == ภาษาเกาหลี == {{ko-hanjatab}} === คำนาม === {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=승객}} # {{hanja form of|승객|[[ผู้โดยสาร]]}} 628gf9vr88r9cne3i5bzbwu5n7jlykn 14 2325849 5713836 2026-03-29T16:28:22Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325850 5713837 2026-03-29T16:28:24Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 2325851 5713838 2026-03-29T16:34:53Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหน้าด้วย "== ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=míngliàng |c=ming4 loeng6 |h=pfs=mìn-liong |mn=bêng-liāng/xm,qz,twv:bêng-liōng |mn-t=mêng5 liang6 |cat=a }} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|zh|คำคุณศัพท์}} # [[สว่าง]]; [[สว่างไสว]] # [[แวววาว]]; เป็น[[ประกาย]] # [[กระจ่าง]]; แจ่ม..." 5713838 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=míngliàng |c=ming4 loeng6 |h=pfs=mìn-liong |mn=bêng-liāng/xm,qz,twv:bêng-liōng |mn-t=mêng5 liang6 |cat=a }} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|zh|คำคุณศัพท์}} # [[สว่าง]]; [[สว่างไสว]] # [[แวววาว]]; เป็น[[ประกาย]] # [[กระจ่าง]]; [[แจ่มแจ้ง]]; [[เข้าใจ]][[ดี]] # [[ดัง]][[ชัดเจน]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{s|สว่าง}} {{col3|zh|[[光線]][[充足]]<tr:guāngxiàn chōngzú>|皓<qq:วรรณกรรม, หรือในคำประสม>|光亮|炳<qq:วรรณกรรม, หรือในคำประสม>|光明|皦皦<qq:วรรณกรรม>|明朗|明亮|亮堂|皓旰<qq:วรรณกรรม>|晴朗<qq:ใช้กับท้องฟ้า>|清朗<qq:ใช้กับท้องฟ้า>|麟麟<qq:วรรณกรรม>|晶亮}} * {{s|แวววาว}} {{q|วรรณกรรม}} {{zh-l|晃|tr=huǎng}}, {{zh-l|朗朗}} ==== คำตรงข้าม ==== * {{as|สว่าง}} {{zh-l|晦暗}} == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|めい|りょう|yomi=o}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{ja-adj|めいりょう|infl=な}} # {{alternative form of|ja|明瞭}} === คำนาม === {{ja-noun|めいりょう}} # {{alternative form of|ja|明瞭}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0006684000|明^▲亮}} mgiodpajzer41nje17ob90w9jfcxfpk 5713843 5713838 2026-03-29T17:03:42Z Ponpan 693 /* คำตรงข้าม */ 5713843 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=míngliàng |c=ming4 loeng6 |h=pfs=mìn-liong |mn=bêng-liāng/xm,qz,twv:bêng-liōng |mn-t=mêng5 liang6 |cat=a }} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|zh|คำคุณศัพท์}} # [[สว่าง]]; [[สว่างไสว]] # [[แวววาว]]; เป็น[[ประกาย]] # [[กระจ่าง]]; [[แจ่มแจ้ง]]; [[เข้าใจ]][[ดี]] # [[ดัง]][[ชัดเจน]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{s|สว่าง}} {{col3|zh|[[光線]][[充足]]<tr:guāngxiàn chōngzú>|皓<qq:วรรณกรรม, หรือในคำประสม>|光亮|炳<qq:วรรณกรรม, หรือในคำประสม>|光明|皦皦<qq:วรรณกรรม>|明朗|明亮|亮堂|皓旰<qq:วรรณกรรม>|晴朗<qq:ใช้กับท้องฟ้า>|清朗<qq:ใช้กับท้องฟ้า>|麟麟<qq:วรรณกรรม>|晶亮}} * {{s|แวววาว}} {{q|วรรณกรรม}} {{zh-l|晃|tr=huǎng}}, {{zh-l|朗朗}} ==== คำตรงข้าม ==== * {{s|สว่าง}} {{zh-l|晦暗}} == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|めい|りょう|yomi=o}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{ja-adj|めいりょう|infl=な}} # {{alternative form of|ja|明瞭}} === คำนาม === {{ja-noun|めいりょう}} # {{alternative form of|ja|明瞭}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0006684000|明^▲亮}} mvf18oivhua8t0c2ui5lstkal5vchar 0 2325852 5713839 2026-03-29T16:57:41Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหน้าด้วย "== ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|s=活动}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=huódòng,tl=y |ma=y |c=wut6 dung6 |h=pfs=fa̍t-thung;hrs=h:fadˋ tung˖;gd=fad6 tung4 |j=huah5 dung3 |md=uăk-dông |mn=xm,zz,tw,km,sg,pn:oa̍h-tāng/qz,jj,ph:oa̍h-tǎng |mn-t=uah8 dong6 |px=pt:uah7 dorng5/xy:uoh7 dorng5 |w=sh:8weq don |cat=v,n,a }} === คำกริยา === {{zh-verb}} # [[เคลื่อน]]; เคลื่อ..." 5713839 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|s=活动}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=huódòng,tl=y |ma=y |c=wut6 dung6 |h=pfs=fa̍t-thung;hrs=h:fadˋ tung˖;gd=fad6 tung4 |j=huah5 dung3 |md=uăk-dông |mn=xm,zz,tw,km,sg,pn:oa̍h-tāng/qz,jj,ph:oa̍h-tǎng |mn-t=uah8 dong6 |px=pt:uah7 dorng5/xy:uoh7 dorng5 |w=sh:8weq don |cat=v,n,a }} === คำกริยา === {{zh-verb}} # [[เคลื่อน]]; [[เคลื่อนที่]] # [[ออกกำลัง]] # [[วิ่งเต้น]] #: {{zh-x|他 在 背後 活動，想 拿到 那個 合同。|เขากำลัง'''วิ่งเต้น'''อยู่เบื้องหลัง อยากจะได้สัญญาฉบับนั้นมา}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{s|เคลื่อน}} {{zh-l|動彈}} * {{s|ออกกำลัง}} {{zh-l|鍛鍊}}, {{zh-l|健身}}, {{zh-l|運動}} === คำนาม === {{head|zh|คำนาม}} # {{lb|zh|uncountable}} [[กิจกรรม]] {{gl|สภาวะที่สิ่งต่าง ๆ เกิดขึ้น}} #: {{zh-x|地震 活動|แผ่นดินไหว, กิจกรรมแผ่นดินไหว}} #: {{zh-x|內心 活動|ความนึกคิดภายในใจ}} #: {{zh-x|人類 活動 導致 的 氣候.變化|การเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศที่เกิดจากกิจกรรมของมนุษย์}} # {{lb|zh|countable}} [[กิจกรรม]] {{gl|สิ่งที่ทำ}} {{zh-mw|m:項}} #: {{zh-x|組織 活動|จัดกิจกรรม}} #: {{zh-x|體育 活動|กิจกรรมกีฬา}} #: {{zh-x|募捐 活動|กิจกรรมระดมทุน}} # {{lb|zh|countable|uncountable|advertising}} กิจกรรม[[โฆษณา]]; [[การส่งเสริม]][[การขาย]] {{zh-mw|m:項}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|zh|คำคุณศัพท์}} # [[โยกเยก]]; [[หลวม]]; [[ไม่]][[แน่น]] # [[ยืดหยุ่น]]; [[ปรับ]][[เปลี่ยน]][[ได้]] === คำประสม === {{col3|zh|活動房|活動家|間諜活動|休閒活動|公開市場活動|地質活動|工業活動|康樂活動|戶外活動|文娛活動|水上活動|活動中心|活動分子|活動卡通|活動房屋|活動目標|活動看板|特賣活動|社會活動|經濟活動|網上活動|網路行銷活動|自強活動|藝文活動|課外活動|活動度|活動範圍|子活動|艙外活動|智力活動自由}} === คำเกี่ยวข้อง === * {{zh-l|行為}} === คำสืบททอด === {{CJKV||かつどう|활동|hoạt động}} bb6cigmxyp8vju54is88uk736q9tss6 14 2325853 5713840 2026-03-29T16:57:56Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325854 5713841 2026-03-29T16:58:11Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325855 5713842 2026-03-29T17:01:33Z Ponpan 693 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5713842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 2325856 5713848 2026-03-29T23:22:42Z Alifshinobi 397 สร้างหน้าด้วย "== ภาษาคำเมือง == === รูปแบบอื่น === {{nod-alt|l=อี่รอก|s=อี่ฮอก}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/ʔiː˨˩.hɔːk˦˨/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำนาม === {{nod-noun|ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫ}} # [[กระรอก]] === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} * ''พจนานุกรมภาษาล้าน..." 5713848 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาคำเมือง == === รูปแบบอื่น === {{nod-alt|l=อี่รอก|s=อี่ฮอก}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nod|/ʔiː˨˩.hɔːk˦˨/|a=เชียงใหม่}} === คำนาม === {{nod-noun|ᨲ᩠ᩅᩫ}} # [[กระรอก]] === อ้างอิง === {{รายการอ้างอิง}} * ''พจนานุกรมภาษาล้านนา = The Lanna dictionary'' (พิมพ์ครั้งที่ 2). (พ.ศ. 2550). เชียงใหม่: สถาบันภาษา ศิลปะและวัฒนธรรม มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเชียงใหม่. jptgxi9r5unjjke27xdu0iidbd96hsl 0 2325857 5713851 2026-03-30T01:58:49Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713851 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{affix|en|bad|-ify}} === คำกริยา === {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|nonstandard}} ทำให้[[แย่]], ทำให้[[เลว]] {{gl|ในหลายความหมาย}} #: {{nsyn|en|worsify}} #* {{quote-newsgroup|en|author=Wolfram Schmied|title=What is the "Optimal" Speel Limit?|newsgroup=sci.physics|url=https://groups.google.com/g/sci.physics/c/B8vhu_AQFTA/m/DjU7sCBqT0AJ|date=6 April 1999|passage=BTW, I can play this game, too. Combining México and the U.S. would tend to '''badify''' the record, wouldn't it?}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Chris Gibbs|author2=w:TJ Dawe|title=The Power of Ignorance|location=[Victoria, B.C.]|publisher=Brindle & Glass|year=2006|page=155|pageurl=https://books.google.ca/books?id=A9xlkkGSdGUC&pg=PA155|isbn=9781897142851|passage=Name three movies you remember having loved as a child or a teenager, but haven't seen since then. Now go out and rent them. ¶ Weren't they awful? Didn't you recognize certain elements from your memory of those movies, but weren't they somehow '''badified'''?}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Scott Reintgen|title=Breaking Badlands|series=Talespinners|seriesvolume=3|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Crown Books for Young Readers|year=2021|page=63|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/breakingbadlands0000rein/page/63/mode/1up|isbn=9780593307205|passage=Indira did her best to keep up the act. "Stole this hammer." She held it out. "I need it... '''badified'''."}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|en|badification}} 3qrxgxa80e1kqjye4hzob80rjmvubqv 5713852 5713851 2026-03-30T02:05:45Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำกริยา */ 5713852 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{affix|en|bad|-ify}} === คำกริยา === {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|nonstandard}} ทำให้[[แย่]], ทำให้[[เลว]] {{gl|ในหลายความหมาย}} #: {{nsyn|en|worsify}} #* {{quote-newsgroup|en|author=Wolfram Schmied|title=What is the "Optimal" Speel Limit?|newsgroup=sci.physics|url=https://groups.google.com/g/sci.physics/c/B8vhu_AQFTA/m/DjU7sCBqT0AJ|date=6 April 1999|passage=BTW, I can play this game, too. Combining México and the U.S. would tend to '''badify''' the record, wouldn't it?|t=ว่าแต่ ผมก็เล่นเกมนี้ได้เหมือนกันนะ การรวมเม็กซิโกกับสหรัฐฯ เข้าด้วยกันคงจะทำให้สถิติแย่ลงไม่ใช่เหรอ?}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Chris Gibbs|author2=w:TJ Dawe|title=The Power of Ignorance|location=[Victoria, B.C.]|publisher=Brindle & Glass|year=2006|page=155|pageurl=https://books.google.ca/books?id=A9xlkkGSdGUC&pg=PA155|isbn=9781897142851|passage=Name three movies you remember having loved as a child or a teenager, but haven't seen since then. Now go out and rent them. ¶ Weren't they awful? Didn't you recognize certain elements from your memory of those movies, but weren't they somehow '''badified'''?|t=ลองนึกถึงภาพยนตร์สามเรื่องที่คุณจำได้ว่าเคยชอบมากในวัยเด็กหรือวัยรุ่น แต่ไม่ได้ดูอีกเลยตั้งแต่นั้นมา แล้วไปเช่ามาดูซะ ¶ มันแย่ใช่ไหม? คุณจำองค์ประกอบบางอย่างจากความทรงจำเกี่ยวกับภาพยนตร์เหล่านั้นได้ แต่โดยรวมแล้วมันแย่ลงไปใช่ไหม?}} #* {{quote-book|en|author=Scott Reintgen|title=Breaking Badlands|series=Talespinners|seriesvolume=3|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=w:Crown Books for Young Readers|year=2021|page=63|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/breakingbadlands0000rein/page/63/mode/1up|isbn=9780593307205|passage=Indira did her best to keep up the act. "Stole this hammer." She held it out. "I need it... '''badified'''."|t=อินทิราพยายามอย่างเต็มที่ที่จะรักษาท่าทีเอาไว้ “ฉันขโมยค้อนอันนี้มา” เธอยื่นมันออกมา “ฉันต้องการมัน... ในสภาพที่ดูแย่”}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|en|badification}} atmks5t0nnp1i6tek3ez4f8zj8ycxlk 0 2325858 5713854 2026-03-30T02:12:44Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info/var|⁋|❡}} == ภาษาร่วม == {{wp}} === ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ === เป็นการพัฒนาต่อยอดจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง ({{l|mul|⸿}}: capitulum sign) ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบกราฟิกที่แตกต่างจากตัวอักษรตัวใหญ่ซี ({{l|mul|C}}) ซึ่งเป็นตัวย่อของ {{der|mul|la|capitulō||หัวเรื่อง, บท}} === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark|plural=¶¶|name=pilcrow|name2=paragraph mark}} # จุดเริ่มต้นของส่วนหนึ่งของ[[ข้อความ]] # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ย่อหน้า]]; การขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่; การขึ้น[[บรรทัด]]ใหม่ #* {{quote-journal|en|passage=Abby Akari Alishio first came out as queer three years ago. ¶ “I started crying before I even said anything,” said Alishio. ¶ She was 19, and a couple of years out of West Seattle High School, where she’d spent four years feeling like she couldn’t safely explore her queerness or learn about queer community.|title=The future of coming out|work=w:The Seattle Times|date=10 October 2021|author=Crystal Paul|page=E1|titleurl=https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211104182713/https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archivedate=4 Nov 2021|t=แอบบี้ อากา ริ อาลีชิโอ เปิดเผยตัวตนว่าเป็นเควียร์ครั้งแรกเมื่อสามปีก่อน ¶ “ฉันเริ่มร้องไห้ก่อนที่จะพูดอะไรออกไปด้วยซ้ำ” อาลีชิโอกล่าว ¶ ตอนนั้นเธออายุ 19 ปี และเพิ่งจบจากโรงเรียนมัธยมเวสต์ซีแอตเติลมาได้สองสามปี ซึ่งเธอใช้เวลาสี่ปีที่นั่นรู้สึกว่าไม่สามารถสำรวจความเป็นเควียร์ของตัวเองได้อย่างปลอดภัย หรือเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับชุมชนเควียร์ได้}}<!-- เครื่องหมาย pilcrow จะถูกแทรกโดยไม่มีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามหลัง ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะในฉบับพิมพ์เท่านั้น ฉบับเว็บ (https://www.seattletimes.com/life/whats-it-like-to-come-out-at-school-nowadays-seattles-lgbtq-youth-speak-out/) จะมีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ มีตัวอย่างอื่นๆ อีกเล็กน้อยในส่วนนี้ของหนังสือพิมพ์ ("The Mix" หน้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย E) แต่พบได้น้อย (วันที่ 3 ตุลาคม 2021 และ 22 สิงหาคม 2021 มีเครื่องหมาย pilcrow อย่างละหนึ่งตัวในหน้า E1) ส่วนที่เหลือของบทความนี้ (ในหน้า E6-E7) ใช้การขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ --> ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ใช้แทรกในข้อความอ้างอิงที่มีหลายย่อหน้า ซึ่งไม่อนุญาตให้แบ่งเป็นย่อหน้า เช่น "Blah ¶ Blah blah blah ¶ Blah blah blah." * ใช้เป็นดัชนีแทน "ย่อหน้า" ตามด้วยตัวเลข คล้ายกับการใช้เครื่องหมายส่วน {{angbr|[[§]]}} ==== Gallery ==== <gallery> Pilcrow-history.svg|Development from the [[capitulum]] ([[⸿]]) to the contemporary paragraph symbol </gallery> 7znjph5tkwqyaqgczc60qkliqehug9i 5713855 5713854 2026-03-30T02:13:07Z Octahedron80 267 /* Gallery */ 5713855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info/var|⁋|❡}} == ภาษาร่วม == {{wp}} === ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ === เป็นการพัฒนาต่อยอดจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง ({{l|mul|⸿}}: capitulum sign) ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบกราฟิกที่แตกต่างจากตัวอักษรตัวใหญ่ซี ({{l|mul|C}}) ซึ่งเป็นตัวย่อของ {{der|mul|la|capitulō||หัวเรื่อง, บท}} === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark|plural=¶¶|name=pilcrow|name2=paragraph mark}} # จุดเริ่มต้นของส่วนหนึ่งของ[[ข้อความ]] # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ย่อหน้า]]; การขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่; การขึ้น[[บรรทัด]]ใหม่ #* {{quote-journal|en|passage=Abby Akari Alishio first came out as queer three years ago. ¶ “I started crying before I even said anything,” said Alishio. ¶ She was 19, and a couple of years out of West Seattle High School, where she’d spent four years feeling like she couldn’t safely explore her queerness or learn about queer community.|title=The future of coming out|work=w:The Seattle Times|date=10 October 2021|author=Crystal Paul|page=E1|titleurl=https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211104182713/https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archivedate=4 Nov 2021|t=แอบบี้ อากา ริ อาลีชิโอ เปิดเผยตัวตนว่าเป็นเควียร์ครั้งแรกเมื่อสามปีก่อน ¶ “ฉันเริ่มร้องไห้ก่อนที่จะพูดอะไรออกไปด้วยซ้ำ” อาลีชิโอกล่าว ¶ ตอนนั้นเธออายุ 19 ปี และเพิ่งจบจากโรงเรียนมัธยมเวสต์ซีแอตเติลมาได้สองสามปี ซึ่งเธอใช้เวลาสี่ปีที่นั่นรู้สึกว่าไม่สามารถสำรวจความเป็นเควียร์ของตัวเองได้อย่างปลอดภัย หรือเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับชุมชนเควียร์ได้}}<!-- เครื่องหมาย pilcrow จะถูกแทรกโดยไม่มีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามหลัง ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะในฉบับพิมพ์เท่านั้น ฉบับเว็บ (https://www.seattletimes.com/life/whats-it-like-to-come-out-at-school-nowadays-seattles-lgbtq-youth-speak-out/) จะมีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ มีตัวอย่างอื่นๆ อีกเล็กน้อยในส่วนนี้ของหนังสือพิมพ์ ("The Mix" หน้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย E) แต่พบได้น้อย (วันที่ 3 ตุลาคม 2021 และ 22 สิงหาคม 2021 มีเครื่องหมาย pilcrow อย่างละหนึ่งตัวในหน้า E1) ส่วนที่เหลือของบทความนี้ (ในหน้า E6-E7) ใช้การขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ --> ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ใช้แทรกในข้อความอ้างอิงที่มีหลายย่อหน้า ซึ่งไม่อนุญาตให้แบ่งเป็นย่อหน้า เช่น "Blah ¶ Blah blah blah ¶ Blah blah blah." * ใช้เป็นดัชนีแทน "ย่อหน้า" ตามด้วยตัวเลข คล้ายกับการใช้เครื่องหมายส่วน {{angbr|[[§]]}} ==== ระเบียงภาพ ==== <gallery> Pilcrow-history.svg|Development from the [[capitulum]] ([[⸿]]) to the contemporary paragraph symbol </gallery> nze07av3hf5lptgj2ir124l2zjmhmkl 5713858 5713855 2026-03-30T02:18:03Z Octahedron80 267 5713858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info/var|⁋|❡}} == ภาษาร่วม == {{wp|en:}} === ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ === เป็นการพัฒนาต่อยอดจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง ({{l|mul|⸿}}: capitulum sign) ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบกราฟิกที่แตกต่างจากตัวอักษรตัวใหญ่ซี ({{l|mul|C}}) ซึ่งเป็นตัวย่อของ {{der|mul|la|capitulō||หัวเรื่อง, บท}} === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark|plural=¶¶|name=pilcrow|name2=paragraph mark}} # จุดเริ่มต้นของส่วนหนึ่งของ[[ข้อความ]] # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ย่อหน้า]]; การขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่; การขึ้น[[บรรทัด]]ใหม่ #* {{quote-journal|en|passage=Abby Akari Alishio first came out as queer three years ago. ¶ “I started crying before I even said anything,” said Alishio. ¶ She was 19, and a couple of years out of West Seattle High School, where she’d spent four years feeling like she couldn’t safely explore her queerness or learn about queer community.|title=The future of coming out|work=w:The Seattle Times|date=10 October 2021|author=Crystal Paul|page=E1|titleurl=https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211104182713/https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archivedate=4 Nov 2021|t=แอบบี้ อากา ริ อาลีชิโอ เปิดเผยตัวตนว่าเป็นเควียร์ครั้งแรกเมื่อสามปีก่อน ¶ “ฉันเริ่มร้องไห้ก่อนที่จะพูดอะไรออกไปด้วยซ้ำ” อาลีชิโอกล่าว ¶ ตอนนั้นเธออายุ 19 ปี และเพิ่งจบจากโรงเรียนมัธยมเวสต์ซีแอตเติลมาได้สองสามปี ซึ่งเธอใช้เวลาสี่ปีที่นั่นรู้สึกว่าไม่สามารถสำรวจความเป็นเควียร์ของตัวเองได้อย่างปลอดภัย หรือเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับชุมชนเควียร์ได้}}<!-- เครื่องหมาย pilcrow จะถูกแทรกโดยไม่มีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามหลัง ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะในฉบับพิมพ์เท่านั้น ฉบับเว็บ (https://www.seattletimes.com/life/whats-it-like-to-come-out-at-school-nowadays-seattles-lgbtq-youth-speak-out/) จะมีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ มีตัวอย่างอื่นๆ อีกเล็กน้อยในส่วนนี้ของหนังสือพิมพ์ ("The Mix" หน้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย E) แต่พบได้น้อย (วันที่ 3 ตุลาคม 2021 และ 22 สิงหาคม 2021 มีเครื่องหมาย pilcrow อย่างละหนึ่งตัวในหน้า E1) ส่วนที่เหลือของบทความนี้ (ในหน้า E6-E7) ใช้การขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ --> ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ใช้แทรกในข้อความอ้างอิงที่มีหลายย่อหน้า ซึ่งไม่อนุญาตให้แบ่งเป็นย่อหน้า เช่น "Blah ¶ Blah blah blah ¶ Blah blah blah." * ใช้เป็นดัชนีแทน "ย่อหน้า" ตามด้วยตัวเลข คล้ายกับการใช้เครื่องหมายส่วน {{angbr|[[§]]}} ==== ระเบียงภาพ ==== <gallery> Pilcrow-history.svg|Development from the [[capitulum]] ([[⸿]]) to the contemporary paragraph symbol </gallery> qdmrt3nti93nafhalc0nero1qd5kgrr 5713863 5713858 2026-03-30T02:26:01Z Octahedron80 267 /* เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน */ 5713863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info/var|⁋|❡}} == ภาษาร่วม == {{wp|en:}} === ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ === เป็นการพัฒนาต่อยอดจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง ({{l|mul|⸿}}: capitulum sign) ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบกราฟิกที่แตกต่างจากตัวอักษรตัวใหญ่ซี ({{l|mul|C}}) ซึ่งเป็นตัวย่อของ {{der|mul|la|capitulō||หัวเรื่อง, บท}} === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark|plural=¶¶|name=pilcrow|name2=paragraph mark}} # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ส่วน]] (section) ของ[[ข้อความ]] # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ย่อหน้า]] (paragraph); การขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่; การขึ้น[[บรรทัด]]ใหม่ #* {{quote-journal|en|passage=Abby Akari Alishio first came out as queer three years ago. ¶ “I started crying before I even said anything,” said Alishio. ¶ She was 19, and a couple of years out of West Seattle High School, where she’d spent four years feeling like she couldn’t safely explore her queerness or learn about queer community.|title=The future of coming out|work=w:The Seattle Times|date=10 October 2021|author=Crystal Paul|page=E1|titleurl=https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211104182713/https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archivedate=4 Nov 2021|t=แอบบี้ อากา ริ อาลีชิโอ เปิดเผยตัวตนว่าเป็นเควียร์ครั้งแรกเมื่อสามปีก่อน ¶ “ฉันเริ่มร้องไห้ก่อนที่จะพูดอะไรออกไปด้วยซ้ำ” อาลีชิโอกล่าว ¶ ตอนนั้นเธออายุ 19 ปี และเพิ่งจบจากโรงเรียนมัธยมเวสต์ซีแอตเติลมาได้สองสามปี ซึ่งเธอใช้เวลาสี่ปีที่นั่นรู้สึกว่าไม่สามารถสำรวจความเป็นเควียร์ของตัวเองได้อย่างปลอดภัย หรือเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับชุมชนเควียร์ได้}}<!-- เครื่องหมาย pilcrow จะถูกแทรกโดยไม่มีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามหลัง ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะในฉบับพิมพ์เท่านั้น ฉบับเว็บ (https://www.seattletimes.com/life/whats-it-like-to-come-out-at-school-nowadays-seattles-lgbtq-youth-speak-out/) จะมีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ มีตัวอย่างอื่นๆ อีกเล็กน้อยในส่วนนี้ของหนังสือพิมพ์ ("The Mix" หน้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย E) แต่พบได้น้อย (วันที่ 3 ตุลาคม 2021 และ 22 สิงหาคม 2021 มีเครื่องหมาย pilcrow อย่างละหนึ่งตัวในหน้า E1) ส่วนที่เหลือของบทความนี้ (ในหน้า E6-E7) ใช้การขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ --> ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ใช้แทรกในข้อความอ้างอิงที่มีหลายย่อหน้า ซึ่งไม่อนุญาตให้แบ่งเป็นย่อหน้า เช่น "Blah ¶ Blah blah blah ¶ Blah blah blah." * ใช้เป็นดัชนีแทน "ย่อหน้า" ตามด้วยตัวเลข คล้ายกับการใช้เครื่องหมายส่วน {{angbr|[[§]]}} ==== ระเบียงภาพ ==== <gallery> Pilcrow-history.svg|Development from the [[capitulum]] ([[⸿]]) to the contemporary paragraph symbol </gallery> mqp0clt53l4pdmwr7tplg2f608gtx0b 5713865 5713863 2026-03-30T02:29:46Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาร่วม */ 5713865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info/var|⁋|❡}} == ภาษาร่วม == {{wp|en:}} === ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ === เป็นการพัฒนาต่อยอดจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง ({{l|mul|⸿}}: capitulum sign) ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบกราฟิกที่แตกต่างจากตัวอักษรตัวใหญ่ซี ({{l|mul|C}}) ซึ่งเป็นตัวย่อของ {{der|mul|la|capitulō||หัวเรื่อง, บท}} === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark|plural=¶¶|name=[[พิลโครว์]]/[[pilcrow]]|name2=[[เครื่องหมายย่อหน้า]]/[[paragraph mark]]}} # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ส่วน]] (section) ของ[[ข้อความ]] # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ย่อหน้า]] (paragraph); การขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่; การขึ้น[[บรรทัด]]ใหม่ #* {{quote-journal|en|passage=Abby Akari Alishio first came out as queer three years ago. ¶ “I started crying before I even said anything,” said Alishio. ¶ She was 19, and a couple of years out of West Seattle High School, where she’d spent four years feeling like she couldn’t safely explore her queerness or learn about queer community.|title=The future of coming out|work=w:The Seattle Times|date=10 October 2021|author=Crystal Paul|page=E1|titleurl=https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211104182713/https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archivedate=4 Nov 2021|t=แอบบี้ อากา ริ อาลีชิโอ เปิดเผยตัวตนว่าเป็นเควียร์ครั้งแรกเมื่อสามปีก่อน ¶ “ฉันเริ่มร้องไห้ก่อนที่จะพูดอะไรออกไปด้วยซ้ำ” อาลีชิโอกล่าว ¶ ตอนนั้นเธออายุ 19 ปี และเพิ่งจบจากโรงเรียนมัธยมเวสต์ซีแอตเติลมาได้สองสามปี ซึ่งเธอใช้เวลาสี่ปีที่นั่นรู้สึกว่าไม่สามารถสำรวจความเป็นเควียร์ของตัวเองได้อย่างปลอดภัย หรือเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับชุมชนเควียร์ได้}}<!-- เครื่องหมาย pilcrow จะถูกแทรกโดยไม่มีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามหลัง ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะในฉบับพิมพ์เท่านั้น ฉบับเว็บ (https://www.seattletimes.com/life/whats-it-like-to-come-out-at-school-nowadays-seattles-lgbtq-youth-speak-out/) จะมีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ มีตัวอย่างอื่นๆ อีกเล็กน้อยในส่วนนี้ของหนังสือพิมพ์ ("The Mix" หน้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย E) แต่พบได้น้อย (วันที่ 3 ตุลาคม 2021 และ 22 สิงหาคม 2021 มีเครื่องหมาย pilcrow อย่างละหนึ่งตัวในหน้า E1) ส่วนที่เหลือของบทความนี้ (ในหน้า E6-E7) ใช้การขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ --> ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ใช้แทรกในข้อความอ้างอิงที่มีหลายย่อหน้า ซึ่งไม่อนุญาตให้แบ่งเป็นย่อหน้า เช่น "Blah ¶ Blah blah blah ¶ Blah blah blah." * ใช้เป็นดัชนีแทน "ย่อหน้า" ตามด้วยตัวเลข คล้ายกับการใช้เครื่องหมายส่วน {{angbr|[[§]]}} ==== ระเบียงภาพ ==== <gallery> Pilcrow-history.svg|Development from the [[capitulum]] ([[⸿]]) to the contemporary paragraph symbol </gallery> mckng5lc953jla5mu1at8bkqmp65pmi 5713866 5713865 2026-03-30T02:31:54Z Octahedron80 267 /* ระเบียงภาพ */ 5713866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info/var|⁋|❡}} == ภาษาร่วม == {{wp|en:}} === ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ === เป็นการพัฒนาต่อยอดจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง ({{l|mul|⸿}}: capitulum sign) ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบกราฟิกที่แตกต่างจากตัวอักษรตัวใหญ่ซี ({{l|mul|C}}) ซึ่งเป็นตัวย่อของ {{der|mul|la|capitulō||หัวเรื่อง, บท}} === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark|plural=¶¶|name=[[พิลโครว์]]/[[pilcrow]]|name2=[[เครื่องหมายย่อหน้า]]/[[paragraph mark]]}} # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ส่วน]] (section) ของ[[ข้อความ]] # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ย่อหน้า]] (paragraph); การขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่; การขึ้น[[บรรทัด]]ใหม่ #* {{quote-journal|en|passage=Abby Akari Alishio first came out as queer three years ago. ¶ “I started crying before I even said anything,” said Alishio. ¶ She was 19, and a couple of years out of West Seattle High School, where she’d spent four years feeling like she couldn’t safely explore her queerness or learn about queer community.|title=The future of coming out|work=w:The Seattle Times|date=10 October 2021|author=Crystal Paul|page=E1|titleurl=https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211104182713/https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archivedate=4 Nov 2021|t=แอบบี้ อากา ริ อาลีชิโอ เปิดเผยตัวตนว่าเป็นเควียร์ครั้งแรกเมื่อสามปีก่อน ¶ “ฉันเริ่มร้องไห้ก่อนที่จะพูดอะไรออกไปด้วยซ้ำ” อาลีชิโอกล่าว ¶ ตอนนั้นเธออายุ 19 ปี และเพิ่งจบจากโรงเรียนมัธยมเวสต์ซีแอตเติลมาได้สองสามปี ซึ่งเธอใช้เวลาสี่ปีที่นั่นรู้สึกว่าไม่สามารถสำรวจความเป็นเควียร์ของตัวเองได้อย่างปลอดภัย หรือเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับชุมชนเควียร์ได้}}<!-- เครื่องหมาย pilcrow จะถูกแทรกโดยไม่มีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามหลัง ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะในฉบับพิมพ์เท่านั้น ฉบับเว็บ (https://www.seattletimes.com/life/whats-it-like-to-come-out-at-school-nowadays-seattles-lgbtq-youth-speak-out/) จะมีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ มีตัวอย่างอื่นๆ อีกเล็กน้อยในส่วนนี้ของหนังสือพิมพ์ ("The Mix" หน้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย E) แต่พบได้น้อย (วันที่ 3 ตุลาคม 2021 และ 22 สิงหาคม 2021 มีเครื่องหมาย pilcrow อย่างละหนึ่งตัวในหน้า E1) ส่วนที่เหลือของบทความนี้ (ในหน้า E6-E7) ใช้การขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ --> ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ใช้แทรกในข้อความอ้างอิงที่มีหลายย่อหน้า ซึ่งไม่อนุญาตให้แบ่งเป็นย่อหน้า เช่น "Blah ¶ Blah blah blah ¶ Blah blah blah." * ใช้เป็นดัชนีแทน "ย่อหน้า" ตามด้วยตัวเลข คล้ายกับการใช้เครื่องหมายส่วน {{angbr|[[§]]}} ==== ระเบียงภาพ ==== <gallery> Pilcrow-history.svg|การพัฒนาจากอักษรหัวเรื่อง (⸿) ไปสู่เครื่องหมายย่อหน้าร่วมสมัย </gallery> awhdbhvjyb35nvvkqff1n6omr16fsw6 5713867 5713866 2026-03-30T02:32:32Z Octahedron80 267 5713867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} {{character info/var|⁋|❡}} == ภาษาร่วม == {{wp|en:}} === ต้นกำเนิดอักขระ === เป็นการพัฒนาต่อยอดจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง ({{l|mul|⸿}}: capitulum sign) ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบกราฟิกที่แตกต่างจากตัวอักษรตัวใหญ่ซี ({{l|mul|C}}) ซึ่งเป็นตัวย่อของ {{der|mul|la|capitulō||หัวเรื่อง, บท}} === เครื่องหมายวรรคตอน === {{mul-punctuation mark|plural=¶¶|name=[[พิลโครว์]]/[[pilcrow]]|name2=[[เครื่องหมายย่อหน้า]]/[[paragraph mark]]}} # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ส่วน]] (section) ของ[[ข้อความ]] # จุดเริ่มต้นของ[[ย่อหน้า]] (paragraph); การขึ้นย่อหน้าใหม่; การขึ้น[[บรรทัด]]ใหม่ #* {{quote-journal|en|passage=Abby Akari Alishio first came out as queer three years ago. ¶ “I started crying before I even said anything,” said Alishio. ¶ She was 19, and a couple of years out of West Seattle High School, where she’d spent four years feeling like she couldn’t safely explore her queerness or learn about queer community.|title=The future of coming out|work=w:The Seattle Times|date=10 October 2021|author=Crystal Paul|page=E1|titleurl=https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211104182713/https://replica.seattletimes.com/html5/reader/get_clipping.aspx?edid=3e284e39-822d-4bf2-abe1-ff52a2c8dbce&pnum=55&timestamp=20211104180508862|archivedate=4 Nov 2021|t=แอบบี้ อากา ริ อาลีชิโอ เปิดเผยตัวตนว่าเป็นเควียร์ครั้งแรกเมื่อสามปีก่อน ¶ “ฉันเริ่มร้องไห้ก่อนที่จะพูดอะไรออกไปด้วยซ้ำ” อาลีชิโอกล่าว ¶ ตอนนั้นเธออายุ 19 ปี และเพิ่งจบจากโรงเรียนมัธยมเวสต์ซีแอตเติลมาได้สองสามปี ซึ่งเธอใช้เวลาสี่ปีที่นั่นรู้สึกว่าไม่สามารถสำรวจความเป็นเควียร์ของตัวเองได้อย่างปลอดภัย หรือเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับชุมชนเควียร์ได้}}<!-- เครื่องหมาย pilcrow จะถูกแทรกโดยไม่มีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามหลัง ซึ่งใช้เฉพาะในฉบับพิมพ์เท่านั้น ฉบับเว็บ (https://www.seattletimes.com/life/whats-it-like-to-come-out-at-school-nowadays-seattles-lgbtq-youth-speak-out/) จะมีการขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ มีตัวอย่างอื่นๆ อีกเล็กน้อยในส่วนนี้ของหนังสือพิมพ์ ("The Mix" หน้าที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย E) แต่พบได้น้อย (วันที่ 3 ตุลาคม 2021 และ 22 สิงหาคม 2021 มีเครื่องหมาย pilcrow อย่างละหนึ่งตัวในหน้า E1) ส่วนที่เหลือของบทความนี้ (ในหน้า E6-E7) ใช้การขึ้นบรรทัดใหม่ตามปกติ --> ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== * ใช้แทรกในข้อความอ้างอิงที่มีหลายย่อหน้า ซึ่งไม่อนุญาตให้แบ่งเป็นย่อหน้า เช่น "Blah ¶ Blah blah blah ¶ Blah blah blah." * ใช้เป็นดัชนีแทน "ย่อหน้า" ตามด้วยตัวเลข คล้ายกับการใช้เครื่องหมายส่วน {{angbr|[[§]]}} ==== ระเบียงภาพ ==== <gallery> Pilcrow-history.svg|การพัฒนาจากสัญลักษณ์หัวเรื่อง (⸿) ไปสู่เครื่องหมายย่อหน้าร่วมสมัย </gallery> 8pspjzphzv4xsq7cntzvh03eb0aj92r 0 2325859 5713856 2026-03-30T02:17:03Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5713856 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[¶]] {{R character variation}} 0b9tqky9ystmvivxo8w90nm5b9urodd 0 2325860 5713857 2026-03-30T02:17:48Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5713857 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[¶]] {{R character variation}} 0b9tqky9ystmvivxo8w90nm5b9urodd 0 2325861 5713864 2026-03-30T02:27:46Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713864 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาร่วม == === คำนาม === {{head|mul|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|mul|¶}} ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== นี่คือการใช้รูปพหูพจน์ตามธรรมเนียมของ[[เครื่องหมายย่อหน้า]] ([[paragraph mark]]) ที่ใช้ใน[[การอ้างอิง]]ทางกฎหมาย ''ดูตัวอย่างใน'' ''The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, Nineteenth Edition'' (2010), "Subdivisions", Table T16, p.472-73. twj0zlryxfljercc2xea1ku8j39hygy 14 2325862 5713875 2026-03-30T03:28:32Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325863 5713876 2026-03-30T03:28:54Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325864 5713877 2026-03-30T03:28:55Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325865 5713878 2026-03-30T03:28:59Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325866 5713879 2026-03-30T03:29:16Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325867 5713880 2026-03-30T03:29:25Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325868 5713881 2026-03-30T03:29:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325869 5713882 2026-03-30T03:29:37Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325870 5713883 2026-03-30T03:29:39Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325871 5713884 2026-03-30T03:29:39Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325872 5713885 2026-03-30T03:30:22Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325873 5713886 2026-03-30T03:30:24Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325874 5713887 2026-03-30T03:30:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325875 5713888 2026-03-30T03:30:34Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325876 5713889 2026-03-30T03:30:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325877 5713890 2026-03-30T03:30:38Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325878 5713891 2026-03-30T03:30:41Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325879 5713892 2026-03-30T03:30:41Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325880 5713893 2026-03-30T03:31:07Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325881 5713894 2026-03-30T03:31:22Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325882 5713895 2026-03-30T03:31:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325883 5713896 2026-03-30T03:31:31Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325884 5713897 2026-03-30T03:31:52Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325885 5713898 2026-03-30T03:31:52Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325886 5713899 2026-03-30T03:32:37Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5713899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325887 5713901 2026-03-30T03:33:51Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325888 5713902 2026-03-30T03:33:57Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325889 5713914 2026-03-30T03:48:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325890 5713915 2026-03-30T03:48:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325891 5713916 2026-03-30T03:48:47Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325892 5713917 2026-03-30T03:49:02Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325893 5713918 2026-03-30T03:49:04Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325894 5713919 2026-03-30T03:49:04Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325895 5713920 2026-03-30T03:49:07Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325896 5713921 2026-03-30T03:49:07Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 2325897 5713924 2026-03-30T03:51:46Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713924 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === รากศัพท์ === การทำให้เป็นคำนามของ {{m|de|freiwillig||สมัครใจ}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|de|[ˈfʁaɪ̯ˌvɪlɪɡɐ]}} * {{audio|de|De-Freiwilliger.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} * {{hyphenation|de|Frei|wil|li|ger}} === คำนาม === {{de-noun|+|f=+}} # [[อาสาสมัคร]] {{q|เพศชายหรือไม่ระบุ}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{de-ndecl|+}} === คำนาม === {{head|de|รูปนาม|g=f}} # {{inflection of|de|Freiwillige||str|gen//dat|s|;|str|gen|p}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{pedia|lang=de}} oyz1q60sbd7zaza8xwsmeujmdksfbje 0 2325898 5713925 2026-03-30T03:52:07Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5713925 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|de|[ˈfʁaɪ̯ˌvɪlɪɡən]|[-ɡŋ̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-Freiwilligen.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} * {{hyphenation|de|Frei|wil|li|gen}} === คำนาม === {{head|de|รูปนาม|g=m}} # {{inflection of|de|Freiwilliger||str|gen//acc|s|;|str|dat|p|;|wk//mix|gen//dat//acc|s|;|wk//mix|all-case|p}} === คำนาม === {{head|de|รูปนาม|g=f}} # {{inflection of|de|Freiwillige||str|dat|p|;|wk//mix|gen//dat|s|;|wk//mix|all-case|p}} jxzmq85s53295lpmbi7bjh2bsraqa2c 14 2325899 5713929 2026-03-30T03:54:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325900 5713930 2026-03-30T03:54:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325901 5713931 2026-03-30T03:54:38Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325902 5713932 2026-03-30T03:54:38Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325903 5713933 2026-03-30T03:54:43Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325904 5713934 2026-03-30T03:54:45Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325905 5713935 2026-03-30T03:54:53Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325906 5713936 2026-03-30T03:55:03Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325907 5713937 2026-03-30T03:55:16Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325908 5713938 2026-03-30T03:55:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325909 5713939 2026-03-30T03:55:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325910 5713940 2026-03-30T03:55:25Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325911 5713941 2026-03-30T03:55:28Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325912 5713942 2026-03-30T03:55:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325913 5713943 2026-03-30T03:55:45Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325914 5713944 2026-03-30T03:55:51Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325915 5713945 2026-03-30T03:56:03Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325916 5713946 2026-03-30T03:56:06Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325917 5713947 2026-03-30T03:56:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 2325918 5713954 2026-03-30T04:02:32Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5713954 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาสเปน == === การออกเสียง === {{es-pr}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{head|es|รูปคุณศัพท์}} # {{adj form of|es|playo||f|p}} === คำนาม === {{head|es|รูปนาม|g=f-p}} # {{inflection of|es|playa||p}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำนาม === {{head|en|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|en|playa}} === คำสลับอักษร === * {{anagrams|en|a=aalpsy|palays}} m5kerll17sp6sraeapwirkfq5zgaslk 14 2325919 5713959 2026-03-30T04:08:48Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5713959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325920 5713961 2026-03-30T04:13:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325921 5713962 2026-03-30T04:13:40Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325922 5713963 2026-03-30T04:13:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325923 5713964 2026-03-30T04:13:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325924 5713965 2026-03-30T04:13:45Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325925 5713966 2026-03-30T04:13:45Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325926 5713967 2026-03-30T04:13:47Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325927 5713968 2026-03-30T04:13:48Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325928 5713969 2026-03-30T04:13:47Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325929 5713970 2026-03-30T04:13:48Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325930 5713971 2026-03-30T04:13:50Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325931 5713972 2026-03-30T04:13:58Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325932 5713973 2026-03-30T04:14:00Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325933 5713974 2026-03-30T04:14:01Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325934 5713975 2026-03-30T04:14:03Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325935 5713976 2026-03-30T04:14:04Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325936 5713977 2026-03-30T04:14:06Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325937 5713978 2026-03-30T04:14:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325938 5713979 2026-03-30T04:14:11Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325939 5713980 2026-03-30T04:14:13Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325940 5713981 2026-03-30T04:14:28Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325941 5713982 2026-03-30T04:14:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325942 5713983 2026-03-30T04:14:30Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325943 5713984 2026-03-30T04:14:32Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325944 5713985 2026-03-30T04:14:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325945 5713986 2026-03-30T04:14:42Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325946 5713987 2026-03-30T04:14:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325947 5713988 2026-03-30T04:14:45Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325948 5713989 2026-03-30T04:14:47Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325949 5713990 2026-03-30T04:14:48Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325950 5713991 2026-03-30T04:15:05Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325951 5713992 2026-03-30T04:15:06Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325952 5713993 2026-03-30T04:15:06Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325953 5713994 2026-03-30T04:15:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325954 5713997 2026-03-30T04:21:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325955 5713998 2026-03-30T04:21:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325956 5713999 2026-03-30T04:21:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5713999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325957 5714000 2026-03-30T04:21:41Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325958 5714001 2026-03-30T04:21:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325959 5714002 2026-03-30T04:21:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325960 5714003 2026-03-30T04:21:51Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325961 5714004 2026-03-30T04:21:55Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325962 5714005 2026-03-30T04:22:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325963 5714006 2026-03-30T04:22:19Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325964 5714007 2026-03-30T04:23:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325965 5714008 2026-03-30T04:23:09Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325966 5714009 2026-03-30T04:23:22Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325967 5714010 2026-03-30T04:23:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325968 5714011 2026-03-30T04:23:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325969 5714012 2026-03-30T04:23:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325970 5714013 2026-03-30T04:23:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325971 5714014 2026-03-30T04:23:55Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325972 5714015 2026-03-30T04:24:05Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325973 5714016 2026-03-30T04:24:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325974 5714017 2026-03-30T04:24:19Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325975 5714018 2026-03-30T04:24:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325976 5714019 2026-03-30T04:24:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325977 5714020 2026-03-30T04:24:45Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325978 5714021 2026-03-30T04:24:47Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325979 5714022 2026-03-30T04:24:48Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325980 5714023 2026-03-30T04:24:49Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325981 5714024 2026-03-30T04:25:13Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325982 5714025 2026-03-30T04:25:14Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325984 5714027 2026-03-30T04:26:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325985 5714028 2026-03-30T04:26:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325986 5714029 2026-03-30T04:26:31Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325987 5714030 2026-03-30T04:26:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325988 5714031 2026-03-30T04:26:41Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325989 5714032 2026-03-30T04:26:50Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325990 5714033 2026-03-30T04:27:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325991 5714034 2026-03-30T04:27:25Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325992 5714035 2026-03-30T04:27:26Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325993 5714036 2026-03-30T04:27:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325994 5714037 2026-03-30T04:27:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325995 5714038 2026-03-30T04:27:44Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325996 5714039 2026-03-30T04:27:48Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325997 5714040 2026-03-30T04:27:50Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325998 5714041 2026-03-30T04:27:52Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2325999 5714042 2026-03-30T04:28:10Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326000 5714043 2026-03-30T04:28:27Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326001 5714044 2026-03-30T04:28:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326002 5714045 2026-03-30T04:28:34Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326003 5714046 2026-03-30T04:28:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326004 5714047 2026-03-30T04:28:40Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326005 5714048 2026-03-30T04:28:49Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326006 5714049 2026-03-30T04:28:56Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326007 5714050 2026-03-30T04:29:01Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326008 5714051 2026-03-30T04:29:02Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326009 5714052 2026-03-30T04:29:03Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326010 5714053 2026-03-30T04:29:04Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326011 5714062 2026-03-30T04:31:13Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326012 5714063 2026-03-30T04:31:58Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326013 5714064 2026-03-30T04:32:04Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326014 5714065 2026-03-30T04:32:14Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326015 5714066 2026-03-30T04:32:15Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326016 5714067 2026-03-30T04:32:19Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326017 5714068 2026-03-30T04:32:20Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326018 5714069 2026-03-30T04:32:34Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326019 5714070 2026-03-30T04:32:38Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326020 5714071 2026-03-30T04:32:46Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326021 5714072 2026-03-30T04:32:47Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326022 5714073 2026-03-30T04:33:21Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326023 5714074 2026-03-30T04:33:21Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326024 5714075 2026-03-30T04:33:22Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326025 5714076 2026-03-30T04:33:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326026 5714077 2026-03-30T04:33:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326027 5714078 2026-03-30T04:33:24Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326028 5714079 2026-03-30T04:33:24Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326029 5714080 2026-03-30T04:33:25Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326030 5714081 2026-03-30T04:33:26Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326031 5714082 2026-03-30T04:33:27Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326032 5714083 2026-03-30T04:33:27Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326033 5714084 2026-03-30T04:33:28Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326034 5714085 2026-03-30T04:33:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326035 5714086 2026-03-30T04:33:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326036 5714087 2026-03-30T04:33:31Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326037 5714088 2026-03-30T04:33:32Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326038 5714089 2026-03-30T04:33:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326039 5714090 2026-03-30T04:33:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326040 5714091 2026-03-30T04:33:34Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326041 5714092 2026-03-30T04:33:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326042 5714093 2026-03-30T04:33:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326043 5714094 2026-03-30T04:33:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326044 5714095 2026-03-30T04:33:37Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326045 5714096 2026-03-30T04:33:38Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326046 5714097 2026-03-30T04:33:53Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326047 5714098 2026-03-30T04:34:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326048 5714099 2026-03-30T04:34:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326049 5714100 2026-03-30T04:34:10Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326050 5714101 2026-03-30T04:34:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326051 5714102 2026-03-30T04:34:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326052 5714103 2026-03-30T04:34:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326053 5714104 2026-03-30T04:34:13Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326054 5714105 2026-03-30T04:34:15Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326055 5714106 2026-03-30T04:34:15Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326056 5714107 2026-03-30T04:34:16Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326057 5714108 2026-03-30T04:34:16Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 2326058 5714112 2026-03-30T04:43:09Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714112 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|nl|Nl-enquêtes.ogg}} === คำนาม === {{head|nl|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|nl|enquête}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-DenisdeShawi-enquêtes.wav|a=<<Canada>> (<<Shawinigan>>)}} === คำนาม === {{head|fr|รูปนาม|g=f}} # {{plural of|fr|enquête}} 806cn4ka8syxk8tcs3961yo1afpj6p4 14 2326059 5714113 2026-03-30T04:43:57Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326060 5714114 2026-03-30T04:43:59Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326061 5714115 2026-03-30T04:44:03Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326062 5714116 2026-03-30T04:44:16Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326063 5714117 2026-03-30T04:44:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326064 5714118 2026-03-30T04:44:19Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326065 5714119 2026-03-30T04:44:21Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326066 5714120 2026-03-30T04:44:28Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326067 5714121 2026-03-30T04:45:13Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326068 5714122 2026-03-30T04:45:14Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326069 5714123 2026-03-30T04:45:15Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326070 5714124 2026-03-30T04:45:22Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326071 5714125 2026-03-30T04:45:38Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326072 5714126 2026-03-30T04:46:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326073 5714127 2026-03-30T04:46:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326074 5714128 2026-03-30T04:46:15Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326075 5714129 2026-03-30T04:48:09Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326076 5714130 2026-03-30T04:48:10Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326077 5714131 2026-03-30T04:48:10Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326078 5714132 2026-03-30T04:48:11Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326079 5714133 2026-03-30T04:48:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326080 5714134 2026-03-30T04:48:13Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326081 5714135 2026-03-30T04:48:13Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326082 5714136 2026-03-30T04:48:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326083 5714137 2026-03-30T04:48:17Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326084 5714138 2026-03-30T04:48:18Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326085 5714139 2026-03-30T04:48:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326086 5714140 2026-03-30T04:48:23Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326087 5714141 2026-03-30T04:48:24Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326088 5714142 2026-03-30T04:48:25Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326089 5714143 2026-03-30T04:48:25Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326090 5714144 2026-03-30T04:48:26Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326091 5714145 2026-03-30T04:48:27Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326092 5714146 2026-03-30T04:48:27Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326093 5714147 2026-03-30T04:48:28Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326094 5714148 2026-03-30T04:48:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326095 5714149 2026-03-30T04:48:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326096 5714150 2026-03-30T04:48:29Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326097 5714151 2026-03-30T04:48:30Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326098 5714152 2026-03-30T04:48:30Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326099 5714153 2026-03-30T04:48:32Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326100 5714154 2026-03-30T04:48:32Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326101 5714155 2026-03-30T04:48:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326102 5714156 2026-03-30T04:55:20Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326103 5714157 2026-03-30T04:56:05Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326104 5714158 2026-03-30T04:56:20Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326105 5714159 2026-03-30T04:56:31Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหน้าด้วย "{{auto cat}}" 5714159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326106 5714160 2026-03-30T05:13:20Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326107 5714161 2026-03-30T05:13:20Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326108 5714162 2026-03-30T05:13:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326109 5714163 2026-03-30T05:14:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326110 5714164 2026-03-30T05:14:08Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326111 5714165 2026-03-30T05:14:09Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326112 5714166 2026-03-30T05:14:12Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326113 5714167 2026-03-30T05:14:14Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326114 5714168 2026-03-30T05:14:15Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326115 5714169 2026-03-30T05:14:16Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326116 5714170 2026-03-30T05:14:16Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326117 5714171 2026-03-30T05:14:30Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326118 5714172 2026-03-30T05:14:31Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326119 5714173 2026-03-30T05:14:32Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326120 5714174 2026-03-30T05:14:32Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326121 5714175 2026-03-30T05:14:33Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326122 5714176 2026-03-30T05:14:34Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326123 5714177 2026-03-30T05:14:34Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326124 5714178 2026-03-30T05:14:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326125 5714179 2026-03-30T05:14:35Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 3 2326126 5714180 2026-03-30T05:14:55Z New user message 2698 เพิ่ม[[Template:Welcome|สารต้อนรับ]]ในหน้าคุยของผู้ใช้ใหม่ 5714180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Tinybabyfishy}} -- [[ผู้ใช้:New user message|New user message]] ([[คุยกับผู้ใช้:New user message|คุย]]) 12:14, 30 มีนาคม 2569 (+07) 227p9v1wtoajjyvzqfu61ypaq8s07fk 14 2326127 5714181 2026-03-30T05:15:09Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326128 5714182 2026-03-30T05:15:09Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326129 5714183 2026-03-30T05:15:30Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326130 5714184 2026-03-30T05:15:36Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326131 5714185 2026-03-30T05:15:42Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326132 5714186 2026-03-30T05:16:20Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326133 5714187 2026-03-30T05:16:25Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326134 5714188 2026-03-30T05:16:46Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326135 5714189 2026-03-30T05:17:19Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326136 5714190 2026-03-30T05:17:42Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 2326137 5714191 2026-03-30T05:18:06Z Octahedron80 267 สร้างหมวดหมู่อัตโนมัติ 5714191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 3 2326138 5714195 2026-03-30T05:32:33Z Mfield 18495 Mfield ย้ายหน้า [[คุยกับผู้ใช้:Anohthterwikipedian]] ไปยัง [[คุยกับผู้ใช้:Star walker]]: ย้ายหน้าอัตโนมัติขณะเปลี่ยนชื่อผู้ใช้ "[[Special:CentralAuth/Anohthterwikipedian|Anohthterwikipedian]]" เป็น "[[Special:CentralAuth/Star walker|Star walker]]" 5714195 wikitext text/x-wiki #เปลี่ยนทาง [[คุยกับผู้ใช้:Star walker]] 8wt5jp1b6khpummsesxchb2yuxgoavm 0 2326139 5714196 2026-03-30T05:33:02Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714196 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === คำนาม === {{head|nl|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|nl|biographie}} sg200jbib3plwa3k1xkjdjgtyec10w7 0 2326140 5714197 2026-03-30T05:33:06Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714197 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === คำนาม === {{nl-noun-dim}} # {{diminutive of|nl|biographie}} 7gujt0cclmaivepfz5ma3sqmznclbae 0 2326141 5714200 2026-03-30T05:36:01Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714200 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเช็ก == === รากศัพท์ === จาก {{affix|cs|bio-|-grafie}} === การออกเสียง === * {{cs-IPA}} * {{hyphenation|cs|bio|gra|fie}} * {{rhymes|cs|ɪjɛ|s=5}} === คำนาม === {{cs-noun|f}} # [[ชีวประวัติ]] #: {{syn|cs|životopis}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{cs-ndecl|f}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|cs|autobiografie}} === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:cs:PSJC}} * {{R:cs:SSJC}} == ภาษาดัตช์ == {{wp|nl:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|nl|biographie||superseded|dated}} === รากศัพท์ === เป็นไปได้ว่า{{bor+|nl|fr|biographie}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|nl|/ˌbi(j)oːɣraːˈfi/}} * {{audio|nl|Nl-biografie.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|bio|gra|fie}} * {{rhymes|nl|i|s=4}} === คำนาม === {{nl-noun|f|-en|+}} # [[ชีวประวัติ]] {{defdate|from late 18th c.}} #: {{syn|nl|levensbeschrijving|leven}} #: {{hypo|nl|autobiografie|hagiografie|heiligenleven|vita}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|nl |autobiografie }} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|nl |biograaf |biografisch }} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|af|biografie}} * {{desc|id|bor=1|biografi}} {{C|nl|Literature}} == ภาษาโปแลนด์ == === การออกเสียง === {{pl-pr|hh=biografię}} === คำนาม === {{head|pl|รูปนาม}} # {{inflection of|pl|biografia||nom|p}} # {{inflection of|pl|biografia||acc|p}} # {{inflection of|pl|biografia||voc|p}} # {{inflection of|pl|biograf||loc|s}} # {{inflection of|pl|biograf||voc|s}} == ภาษาโรมาเนีย == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ro|fr|biographie}}; เทียบเท่า {{affix|ro|bio-|-grafie}} === คำนาม === {{ro-noun|f|biografii}} # [[ชีวประวัติ]] ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ro-noun-f-ie|biografi}} == ภาษาอาฟรีกานส์ == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|af|nl|biografie}} === คำนาม === {{af-noun}} # [[ชีวประวัติ]] === อ่านเพิ่ม === * {{R:af:majstro.com}} == ภาษาอิตาลี == === คำนาม === {{head|it|รูปนาม|g=f}} # {{plural of|it|biografia}} d4m65gwofaairvswbdb78txxtm4xtt9 0 2326142 5714202 2026-03-30T05:36:52Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714202 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|nl|Nl-biografieën.ogg}} * {{rhymes|nl|iən|s=5}} === คำนาม === {{head|nl|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|nl|biografie}} lwr6oio3l4bgj6h4ra6wreyu54ogh6p 0 2326143 5714203 2026-03-30T05:36:56Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714203 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|nl|Nl-biografietje.ogg}} === คำนาม === {{nl-noun-dim}} # {{diminutive of|nl|biografie}} 7egmxdekirjopaoe3uzqv1ok5p0oiez 0 2326144 5714204 2026-03-30T05:37:04Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714204 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาดัตช์ == === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|nl|Nl-biografietjes.ogg}} === คำนาม === {{head|nl|รูปนาม}} # {{plural of|nl|biografietje}} i3pjtsxxnb3pq346skq3ayprlnxytp0 0 2326145 5714210 2026-03-30T05:49:38Z Octahedron80 267 เปลี่ยนทางหน้าไปยัง [[บัลแกเรีย]] 5714210 wikitext text/x-wiki #เปลี่ยนทาง [[บัลแกเรีย]] mmzki8m32nwwirfea6lq5zror1o6k7n 10 2326146 5714215 2026-03-30T06:47:47Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714215 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:sh-interjection]] 6bsga4jrjljiyp9n6okimuhne37wd8r 10 2326147 5714229 2026-03-30T09:03:21Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{head|fro|คำวิสามานยนาม|sort={{{sort|}}}|head={{{head|}}}<!-- -->|g={{#switch:{{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|m|f={{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|กรรตุการกเอกพจน์|{{#switch:{{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|m|f=กรรตุการกเอกพจน์}}}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{#switch:{{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|m={{pagename}}s|f={{pagename}}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3g9mir997c53ml80x06mztk9l8wnbui 0 2326148 5714230 2026-03-30T09:04:19Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714230 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสกลาง == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|frm|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f}} # {{tcl|th|กรีซ|id=Q41}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|fro|la|Graecia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fro-proper noun|f}} # {{place|fro|ภูมิภาคโบราณ|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|บ้านแห่งชาวกรีก|t=กรีซ}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|en|Greece|bor=1}} * {{desc|fr|Grèce}} * {{desc|nrf|Grêce}} == ภาษาวัลลูน == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|wa|/ɡʀɛs/}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|wa|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|wa|กรีซ|id=Q41}} fxxsohv90uf49m06m9iytzrttqx5csk 5714233 5714230 2026-03-30T09:17:43Z Octahedron80 267 5714233 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสกลาง == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|frm|คำวิสามานยนาม|g=f}} # {{tcl|frm|กรีซ|id=Q41}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสเก่า == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|fro|la|Graecia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fro-proper noun|f}} # {{place|fro|ภูมิภาคโบราณ|r/ยุโรปตะวันออกเฉียงใต้|บ้านแห่งชาวกรีก|t=กรีซ}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|en|Greece|bor=1}} * {{desc|fr|Grèce}} * {{desc|nrf|Grêce}} == ภาษาวัลลูน == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|wa|/ɡʀɛs/}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|wa|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|wa|กรีซ|id=Q41}} 4s32fsayar49esen39uqewzprma321a 0 2326149 5714232 2026-03-30T09:10:38Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714232 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === {{ko-etym-sino|希臘|กรีซ}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|ko|grc|Ἑλλάς}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-proper noun|hanja=希臘}} # {{lb|ko|dated}} {{tcl|ko|กรีซ|id=Q41|nocat=1}} ==== หมายเหตุการใช้ ==== In contemporary Korean, 희랍 is usually used in the ancient Greek terms, while [[그리스]] could be used in describing both ancient and modern Greek ones. ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{ko-l|^그리스}} * {{ko-l|헬라}} red7patd07sevckjh3vu0dfkh95gexh 0 2326150 5714234 2026-03-30T09:18:40Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714234 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาละติน == {{wp|la:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{etymon|la|id=Greece|:af|Graecus|-ia<id:abstract noun>|tree=1|text=++}} === การออกเสียง === * {{la-IPA|eccl=1|vul=1}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{la-proper noun|Graecia<1>}} # {{tcl|la|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|la|Hellas}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{la-ndecl|Graecia<1>}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== * {{l|la|Magna Graecia}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|la|title=Graecia |Graeculus |graecus |Grāiugena |Grāius }} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== {{col-top|2|Ancient borrowings}} * {{desc|ga|Gréig|alt=An Ghréig|bor=1}} {{col-bottom}} {{col-top|2|Modern borrowings}} * {{desc|sq|Greqia|bor=1}} * {{desc|rup|Gãrtsia|bor=1}} * {{desc|ca|Grècia|bor=1}} * {{desc|gl|Grecia|bor=1}} * {{desc|it|Grecia|bor=1}} * {{desc|fro|Grece|bor=1}} ** {{desc|fr|Grèce}} ** {{desc|enm|Grece|bor=1}} *** {{desc|en|Greece}} {{see desc}} * {{desctree|frm|Græce|lbor=1}} * {{desc|pt|Grécia|bor=1}} * {{desc|ro|Grecia|bor=1}} * {{desc|scn|Grecia|bor=1}} * {{desc|es|Grecia|bor=1}} {{col-bottom}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:la:L&S}} * {{R:la:Gaffiot}} 72n3lnsgo5toikmdcdzxxpfz2r8hiff 0 2326151 5714235 2026-03-30T09:19:14Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714235 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาละติน == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|la|รูปวิสามานยนาม}} # {{inflection of|la|Graecia||gen//dat//loc}} 3gbzi90i7hdis4evk6kgaxkbzfk9mp3 0 2326152 5714236 2026-03-30T09:19:26Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714236 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาละติน == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|la|รูปวิสามานยนาม}} # {{inflection of|la|Graecia||acc|s}} 2xkk4gksio0n5w2grdk52fojexsdtce 0 2326153 5714237 2026-03-30T09:19:56Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714237 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากาตาลา == {{wp|ca:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ca|la|Graecia}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ca-IPA}} * {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Millars-Grècia.wav|a=Valencia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ca-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|ca|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ca|grec}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:ca:DCVB}} == ภาษาอุตซิตา == {{wp|oc:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|oc|la|Graecia}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{oc-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|oc|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #: {{syn|oc|Ellada}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|oc|grèc}} eh0x9oaa3z7oy1ec6zlfivaocg8p5v0 10 2326154 5714238 2026-03-30T09:20:22Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|error}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{head|oc|คำวิสามานยนาม|head={{{head|}}}<!-- -->|g=<!-- -->{{#switch:{{{1}}}<!-- -->|m|f|m-p|f-p|={{{1}}}<!-- -->|c|mf=m<!-- -->|#default=?<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|g2=<!-- -->{{#switch:{{{1}}}<!-- -->|c|mf=f<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> ovmbb49qqu8znrl9safi7ja92etrvyp 0 2326155 5714239 2026-03-30T09:21:30Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714239 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === รากศัพท์ === {{etymon|fr|id=Greece|:inh|frm:Græce|tree=1|text=++}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fr-proper noun|f}} # {{obsolete form of|fr|Grèce}} #* {{quote-book|fr|year=1612|author=Louis Dorléans|title=La plante Humaine sur le Trespas du roy Henry le Grand|pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=pB0JqKvGmbMC&hl=es&pg=PA25|pages=25–26 |passage=Et Homere recite que les compagnons d’Vlyſſe laiſſerent la '''Græce''' pour manger des lottes d’Affrique qui ſont douces comme nos guignes, qui s’y trouuent groſſe & bonnes à cauſe de la chaleur , & qu’on nōme guignes à cauſe de la Guinenee dont elles ſont venuës.}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|fr|græc|Græc|Græcque}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสกลาง == === รากศัพท์ === {{etymon|frm|id=Greece|:lbor|la:Graecia|tree=1|text=++}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{frm-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|frm|กรีซ}} #* {{quote-book|frm|1549|title=L'art & science de la vraye proportion des lettres attiques|page_plain=folio 135v|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=uC9dIBz57LMC&pg=PA135-IA1|passage=[…] vne noble nation en '''Græce'''.|t=[…] a noble nation in Greece.}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|frm|Græc|Græcque}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|fr|Græce}} 2ckzgrf5f6dxhsvowei0d8s7air5tat 5714240 5714239 2026-03-30T09:22:06Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714240 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฝรั่งเศส == === รากศัพท์ === {{etymon|fr|id=Greece|:inh|frm:Græce|tree=1|text=++}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{fr-proper noun|f}} # {{obsolete form of|fr|Grèce}} #* {{quote-book|fr|year=1612|author=Louis Dorléans|title=La plante Humaine sur le Trespas du roy Henry le Grand|pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=pB0JqKvGmbMC&hl=es&pg=PA25|pages=25–26 |passage=Et Homere recite que les compagnons d’Vlyſſe laiſſerent la '''Græce''' pour manger des lottes d’Affrique qui ſont douces comme nos guignes, qui s’y trouuent groſſe & bonnes à cauſe de la chaleur , & qu’on nōme guignes à cauſe de la Guinenee dont elles ſont venuës.}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|fr|græc|Græc|Græcque}} == ภาษาฝรั่งเศสกลาง == === รากศัพท์ === {{etymon|frm|id=Greece|:lbor|la:Graecia|tree=1|text=++}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{frm-proper noun|f}} # {{tcl|frm|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #* {{quote-book|frm|1549|title=L'art & science de la vraye proportion des lettres attiques|page_plain=folio 135v|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=uC9dIBz57LMC&pg=PA135-IA1|passage=[…] vne noble nation en '''Græce'''.|t=[…] a noble nation in Greece.}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|frm|Græc|Græcque}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|fr|Græce}} rwof6gq3rkb7zz3o4vdcjtqscknm17e 10 2326156 5714241 2026-03-30T09:22:35Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{head|frm|คำวิสามานยนาม|sort={{{sort|}}}|head={{{head|{{{sg|{{{current|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->|g={{#switch:{{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|m|f|m-p|f-p={{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|mf=m|mfp=m-p|#default=}}<!-- -->|g2={{#switch:{{{g2}}}|m|f|m-p|f-p={{{g2}}}|#default={{#switch:{{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|mf=f|mfp=f-p}}}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{pl|}}}|พหูพจน์}}<!-- -->|{{{pl}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> b4p1nm7o3chqm2jj7vv4obqbyfq6dzy 0 2326157 5714242 2026-03-30T09:23:46Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714242 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษากาลิเซีย == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{gl-proper noun|f}} # {{gl-reinteg sp|Grecia}} == ภาษาโปรตุเกส == {{wp|pt:}} [[ไฟล์:Flag of Greece.svg|thumb|250px|bandeira da '''Grécia''']] === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|pt|roa-opt|Greçia}}, ยืมมาจาก{{der|pt|la|Graecia}}, จาก{{der|pt|grc|Γραικός}}; a character in Greek mythology. === การออกเสียง === {{pt-IPA}} * {{hyph|pt|Gré|ci|a}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{pt-proper noun|f|+}} # {{tcl|pt|กรีซ|id=Q41|place_caplc=Atenas|place_official=pt:República Helénica//República Helênica}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|pt|Magna Grécia|Grécia Antiga|Grécia Central}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== {{col|pt|grego}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|ja|der=1|ギリシャ|tr=Girisha}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/pt}} {{cln|pt|exonyms}} fljvprdhn4bj3thrrdi7gbwfziwip6z 0 2326158 5714243 2026-03-30T09:24:28Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714243 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาแอลเบเนีย == {{wp|sq:}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|sq|รูปวิสามานยนาม}} # {{inflection of|sq|Greqi||def|nom}} 572jimqd8947wg26t9j0rn1c6dnzdpj 0 2326159 5714244 2026-03-30T09:25:33Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714244 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาแอลเบเนีย == {{wp|sq:+a}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|sq|la|Graecia|Græcia}}, จาก{{der|sq|grc|Γραικός}}; หรือไม่ก็{{bor+|sq|it|Grecia}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|sq|/ɡɾeˈci/|[ɡɾɛˈcçi]}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{sq-proper noun|f|Greqia}} # {{tcl|sq|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{sq-noun-f-i-unc}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|sq|greqisht}} * {{l|sq|grek}} / {{l|sq|greke}} lufku8uc21ql93ko7ldrm1vip32chfe 10 2326160 5714245 2026-03-30T09:26:13Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{head|sq|คำวิสามานยนาม|head={{{head|}}}|sort={{{sort|}}}<!-- -->|g={{#switch:{{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|-=|m|f|m-p|f-p={{{1|{{{g|}}}}}}|#default=?}}<!-- -->|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|ชี้เฉพาะ}}<!-- -->|{{{2}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> tr1ro6j54gh8wj2iwmaxc1b848n4wft 0 2326161 5714247 2026-03-30T09:28:13Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714247 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|alt=希臘:obsolete}} === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|acc=0}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{alternative form of|ja|ギリシャ|tr=Girisha}}: {{tcl|ja|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #* {{quote-book |ja |location=Tokyo |publisher=Shogakukan |genre=fiction |author={{w|lang=ja|藤子・F・不二雄|Fujiko F. Fujio}} |series={{wj|藤子・F・不二雄のSF短編|藤子不二雄少年SF短編集}} |title=ja:宇宙船製造法 |trans-title=How to Build a Spaceship |date=Jul 30 1988 |edition=6th |origdate=Jul 25 1985 |isbn=4-09-140703-X |volume=3 |seriesvolume=3 |page=71 |chapter={{wj|赤毛のアン子|アン[子](こ) [大](おお)いに[怒](いか)る　（[赤](あか)[毛](げ)のアン[子](こ)　[改](かい)[題](だい)）}} |trans-chapter=When Anko Really Gets Mad　(originally titled Redheaded Anko) }} #*: {{ja-usex|アン子。きみがみせたふしぎな力はね…。きみのおかあさんの家%系に、遠い昔から代だい受けつがれてきた血すじによるものだ。御%先%祖は、'''ギリシア'''のテッサリア地%方の出らしい。18%世%紀にアメリカのサレムに移%住している。この家%系は、………つまりなんというか………。ゆいしょ正しい魔%女の名%門なんだよ。|^アンこ。^きみ が みせた ふしぎ な ちから は ね…。^きみ の おかあさん の か%けい に、とおい むかし から だいだい うけつがれて きた ちすじ に よる もの だ。^ご-%せん%ぞ は、'''^ギリシア''' の ^テッサリア ち%ほう の で らし.い。^じゅうはっ%せい%き に ^アメリカ の ^サレム に い%じゅう して いる。^この か%けい は、………つまり なん と いう か………。^ゆいしょ ただし.い ま%じょ の めい%もん な ん だ よ。|Anko. As for the mysterious power you displayed…. It’s of a kind that has been running in your mother’s bloodline for generations since ancient times. Your ancestors seem to have come from Thessaly, '''Greece'''. They immigrated to Salem, America in the 18th century. That bloodline… basically it was…. A noted line of true witches.}} 84uigp1czl55w33pvb3dgo1g04kw5nn 0 2326162 5714250 2026-03-30T09:50:54Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด เรียงลำดับหัวเรื่องภาษา 5714250 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษามาเลเซีย == {{wp|ms:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|ms|ar|اليُونَان||กรีซ}}, จาก{{der|ms|fa|یونان|tr=yunân}}, จาก{{der|ms|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}} === การออกเสียง === {{ms-IPA}} * {{rhyme|ms|ani|s=2}} * {{hyph|ms|Yu|na|ni}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|ms|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{l|ms|Yunan}} {{q|เลิกใช้}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{ms-adj}} # {{lb|ms|relational}} [[กรีก]] ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|ms |bahasa Yunani |orang Yunani }} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|id|Yunani}} ==== อ้างอิง ==== * {{cite-book|entryurl=https://archive.org/details/aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu/page/698/mode/2up?q=y^S|entry=يونان Yunan|title=A Malay-English dictionary|last=Wilkinson|first=Richard James|publisher=Kelly & Walsh limited|location=Hong Kong|year=1901|page=698}} * {{cite-book|entryurl=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-60272783/view?partId=nla.obj-436332082#page/n659/mode/1up/search/Yunani|entry=Yunani|title=A Malay-English dictionary (romanised)|last=Wilkinson|first=Richard James|publisher=Salavopoulos & Kinderlis|location=Mytilene, Greece|year=1932|volume=II|pages=654}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำนาม === {{en-noun|-}} # {{alternative form of|en|Unani}} == ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย == {{wp|id:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|id|ms|Yunani}}, จาก{{inh|id|ms-cla|يوناني|tr=ยูนานี}}, จาก{{der|id|ar|اليُونَان||กรีซ}}, จาก{{der|id|fa|یونان|tr=yunân}}, จาก{{der|id|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}} === การออกเสียง === {{id-pr}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{id-proper noun}} # {{tcl|id|กรีซ|id=Q41}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{id-adj}} # [[กรีก]] === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/id}} s5nslgiu2ckss6ck81rmd2od2v6nv3s 5714251 5714250 2026-03-30T09:51:52Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5714251 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษามาเลเซีย == {{wp|ms:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{der|ms|ar|اليُونَان||กรีซ}}, จาก{{der|ms|fa|یونان|tr=yunân}}, จาก{{der|ms|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}} === การออกเสียง === {{ms-IPA}} * {{rhyme|ms|ani|s=2}} * {{hyph|ms|Yu|na|ni}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|ms|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{tcl|ms|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== รูปแบบอื่น ==== * {{l|ms|Yunan}} {{q|เลิกใช้}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{ms-adj}} # {{lb|ms|relational}} [[กรีก]] ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|ms |bahasa Yunani |orang Yunani }} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== * {{desc|id|Yunani}} ==== อ้างอิง ==== * {{cite-book|entryurl=https://archive.org/details/aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu/page/698/mode/2up?q=y^S|entry=يونان Yunan|title=A Malay-English dictionary|last=Wilkinson|first=Richard James|publisher=Kelly & Walsh limited|location=Hong Kong|year=1901|page=698}} * {{cite-book|entryurl=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-60272783/view?partId=nla.obj-436332082#page/n659/mode/1up/search/Yunani|entry=Yunani|title=A Malay-English dictionary (romanised)|last=Wilkinson|first=Richard James|publisher=Salavopoulos & Kinderlis|location=Mytilene, Greece|year=1932|volume=II|pages=654}} == ภาษาอังกฤษ == === คำนาม === {{en-noun|-}} # {{alternative form of|en|Unani}} == ภาษาอินโดนีเซีย == {{wp|id:}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|id|ms|Yunani}}, จาก{{inh|id|ms-cla|يوناني|tr=Yunani}}, จาก{{der|id|ar|اليُونَان||กรีซ}}, จาก{{der|id|fa|یونان|tr=yunân}}, จาก{{der|id|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}} === การออกเสียง === {{id-pr}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{id-proper noun}} # {{tcl|id|กรีซ|id=Q41}} === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{id-adj}} # [[กรีก]] === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/id}} peopj0mk6v8qmzqpemrzgxwc7jrlos9 0 2326163 5714253 2026-03-30T09:53:07Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714253 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเยอรมัน == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|de|/ˈɡʁiːçn̩ˌlant͡s/}} * {{audio|de|De-Griechenlands.ogg|a=<<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>)}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|de|รูปวิสามานยนาม|g=n}} # {{inflection of|de|Griechenland||gen|s}} ndr86frovvyyt0568r83oahts38xf47 0 2326164 5714257 2026-03-30T09:58:44Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714257 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเวียดนาม == === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|vi|Hy Lạp}} === รากศัพท์ === {{vi-etym-sino|希臘}} === การออกเสียง === {{vi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-propn|head=[[hi|Hi]] [[lạp|Lạp]]}} # {{tcl|vi|กรีซ|id=Q41}} # [[Hellas]] === คำคุณศัพท์ === {{vi-adj|head=hi|Hi lạp|Lạp}} # [[กรีก]] # [[Hellenic]] ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col|vi|Hi Lạp cổ đại}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/vi}} {{C|vi|กรีซโบราณ|ประเทศในยุโรป|กรีซ}} d84c2mns4pfor02ipdnzk0sihby62yu 0 2326165 5714258 2026-03-30T09:59:50Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714258 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาร์มีเนีย == {{wp|hy:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alter|hy|Յունաստան||TAO}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|hy|xcl|Յունաստան}} === การออกเสียง === {{hy-IPA}} * {{audio|hy|Hy-Հունաստան.ogg|a=Eastern Armenian}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hy-h|propn}} # {{tcl|hy|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hy-noun-ի-ներ|unc=on}} === ดูเพิ่ม === {{list:countries in Europe/hy}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:hy:TUT|section=II.A.3|page=49}} {{cln|hy|exonyms}} od24s75ygs7flo4s2rht1l335brbxln 0 2326166 5714259 2026-03-30T10:01:16Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714259 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == {{wp|ar:}} === รากศัพท์ === แรกสุดจาก{{der|ar|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}}, ผ่าน{{bor|ar|fa|یونان|tr=yunân}}; It’s one of the Arabic country names which require the definite article {{m|ar|اَل}}. === การออกเสียง === {{ar-pr|اَلْيُونَان}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|اَلْيُونَان|f}} # {{tcl|ar|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ar-decl-noun|يُونَان|state=def}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|ar|يُونَانِيّ}} * {{l|ar|إِغْرِيقِيّ||กรีซคลาสสิก/โบราณ}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:ar:Wehr-4|يونان}} == ภาษาอาหรับแบบฮิญาซ == [[ไฟล์:LocationGreeceInEurope.png|thumb|175px|{{lang|acw|اليونان}}]] [[ไฟล์:Flag_of_Greece.svg|thumb|130px|{{lang|acw|عَلَم اليونان}}]] === รากศัพท์ === {{lbor|acw|ar|الْيُونَان}}, จาก{{der|ar|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|acw|/al.juː.naːn/|/al.joː.naːn/}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{acw-proper noun|g=f|head=اليونان|tr=al-yūnān|tr2=al-yōnān}} # {{tcl|acw|กรีซ|id=Q41}} == ภาษาอาหรับแบบลิแวนต์ใต้ == {{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ajp:map/Europe}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|ajp|ar|اَلْيُونَان}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ajp-IPA|ilyūnān<p:ɪl.juːˈnaːn>}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ajp-proper noun|g=f|tr=il-yūnān}} # {{tcl|ajp|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ajp|يوناني|tr=yūnāni|t=Greek}} 6tw2u6cq5ihvoytt8idjlhypoej9wa3 5714260 5714259 2026-03-30T10:01:49Z Octahedron80 267 /* รากศัพท์ */ 5714260 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == {{wp|ar:}} === รากศัพท์ === แรกสุดจาก{{der|ar|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}}, ผ่าน{{bor|ar|fa|یونان|tr=yunân}}; เป็นหนึ่งในชื่อประเทศในภาษาอาหรับที่ต้องใช้คำนำหน้านามชี้เฉพาะ {{m|ar|اَل}} === การออกเสียง === {{ar-pr|اَلْيُونَان}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|اَلْيُونَان|f}} # {{tcl|ar|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ar-decl-noun|يُونَان|state=def}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|ar|يُونَانِيّ}} * {{l|ar|إِغْرِيقِيّ||กรีซคลาสสิก/โบราณ}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:ar:Wehr-4|يونان}} == ภาษาอาหรับแบบฮิญาซ == [[ไฟล์:LocationGreeceInEurope.png|thumb|175px|{{lang|acw|اليونان}}]] [[ไฟล์:Flag_of_Greece.svg|thumb|130px|{{lang|acw|عَلَم اليونان}}]] === รากศัพท์ === {{lbor|acw|ar|الْيُونَان}}, จาก{{der|ar|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|acw|/al.juː.naːn/|/al.joː.naːn/}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{acw-proper noun|g=f|head=اليونان|tr=al-yūnān|tr2=al-yōnān}} # {{tcl|acw|กรีซ|id=Q41}} == ภาษาอาหรับแบบลิแวนต์ใต้ == {{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ajp:map/Europe}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|ajp|ar|اَلْيُونَان}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ajp-IPA|ilyūnān<p:ɪl.juːˈnaːn>}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ajp-proper noun|g=f|tr=il-yūnān}} # {{tcl|ajp|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ajp|يوناني|tr=yūnāni|t=Greek}} klhm3h979x3oe2fxw22x9i82njs6yl2 5714261 5714260 2026-03-30T10:02:16Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำเกี่ยวข้อง */ 5714261 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == {{wp|ar:}} === รากศัพท์ === แรกสุดจาก{{der|ar|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}}, ผ่าน{{bor|ar|fa|یونان|tr=yunân}}; เป็นหนึ่งในชื่อประเทศในภาษาอาหรับที่ต้องใช้คำนำหน้านามชี้เฉพาะ {{m|ar|اَل}} === การออกเสียง === {{ar-pr|اَلْيُونَان}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|اَلْيُونَان|f}} # {{tcl|ar|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ar-decl-noun|يُونَان|state=def}} === ดูเพิ่ม === * {{l|ar|يُونَانِيّ}} * {{l|ar|إِغْرِيقِيّ||กรีซคลาสสิก/โบราณ}} === อ้างอิง === * {{R:ar:Wehr-4|يونان}} == ภาษาอาหรับแบบฮิญาซ == [[ไฟล์:LocationGreeceInEurope.png|thumb|175px|{{lang|acw|اليونان}}]] [[ไฟล์:Flag_of_Greece.svg|thumb|130px|{{lang|acw|عَلَم اليونان}}]] === รากศัพท์ === {{lbor|acw|ar|الْيُونَان}}, จาก{{der|ar|grc|Ἰωνία|t=ไอโอเนีย}} === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|acw|/al.juː.naːn/|/al.joː.naːn/}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{acw-proper noun|g=f|head=اليونان|tr=al-yūnān|tr2=al-yōnān}} # {{tcl|acw|กรีซ|id=Q41}} == ภาษาอาหรับแบบลิแวนต์ใต้ == {{Wiktionary:Picture dictionary/ajp:map/Europe}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{inh|ajp|ar|اَلْيُونَان}} === การออกเสียง === * {{ajp-IPA|ilyūnān<p:ɪl.juːˈnaːn>}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ajp-proper noun|g=f|tr=il-yūnān}} # {{tcl|ajp|กรีซ|id=Q41}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ajp|يوناني|tr=yūnāni|t=กรีก}} o47ov7dxf2y63lhe3otoksvf8mq8so4 10 2326167 5714262 2026-03-30T10:02:25Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:sem-arb-headword|show|คำวิสามานยนาม|lang=acw}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> t6c112eq3rtfkxovkt3ubmo4eajbect 10 2326168 5714263 2026-03-30T10:02:33Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:sem-arb-headword|show|คำวิสามานยนาม|lang=ajp}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> rf9hzcprfq5clv2yfvn9bws0dyoulad 0 2326169 5714270 2026-03-30T10:15:21Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714270 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาตากาล็อก == {{wp|tl:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{alt|tl|Grecia}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|tl|es|Grecia||กรีซ}} === การออกเสียง === {{tl-pr}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{tl-proper noun|b=+}} # {{tcl|tl|กรีซ|id=Q41}} #* {{quote-text|tl|year=1950|author=Rufino Alejandro|title=Ang Ating Pánitikán |passage=Gaya ng mga iba pang korido, ito'y nasusulat nang patula na may apat na taludtod sa bawa't taludturan, at sa bawa't taludtod...Austriya, Suwesya, Norwega, Eskosya, Portugal, '''Gresya''', Espanya, Tartarya, at ibá pang mga bayan.}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|tl|Griyego}} * {{l|tl|Greko}} r127jxq5l3m06alsw99ltqxv3l7cvju 10 2326170 5714273 2026-03-30T10:20:01Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714273 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:senseid]] 0ns1b35ru45vhdmh7u2bm69jrj2uccd 0 2326171 5714283 2026-03-30T10:32:20Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714283 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ko|km|កម្ពុជា}}ว {{doublet|ko|캄보디아|t1=กัมพูชา}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-pos|proper noun}} # {{tcl|ko|กำปูเจีย|id=Q424}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|ko|^캄보디아}} c4hn9qmvegty9twfpg947guudkf8pkv 5714284 5714283 2026-03-30T10:33:18Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาเกาหลี */ 5714284 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ko|km|កម្ពុជា}}; {{doublet|ko|캄보디아|t1=กัมพูชา}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-pos|proper noun}} # <!--{{tcl|ko|กำปูเจีย|id=Q424}}-->(historical) [[กำปูเจีย]] (ชื่อเดิมของกัมพูชา: ใช้ระหว่าง 1975 ถึง 1989) ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|ko|^캄보디아}} 2yf49zg5ftgmafeuez4m719ai78hdx4 5714285 5714284 2026-03-30T10:34:41Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714285 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ko|km|កម្ពុជា}}; {{doublet|ko|캄보디아|t1=กัมพูชา}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-pos|proper noun}} # <!--{{tcl|ko|กัมปูเจีย|id=Q424}}-->(historical) [[กัมปูเจีย]] (ชื่อเดิมของกัมพูชา: ใช้ระหว่าง 1975 ถึง 1989) ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|ko|^캄보디아}} 7wssxlzjbwd505fprahkcfuogx3cy55 5714286 5714285 2026-03-30T10:34:54Z Octahedron80 267 /* คำวิสามานยนาม */ 5714286 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ko|km|កម្ពុជា}}; {{doublet|ko|캄보디아|t1=กัมพูชา}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-pos|proper noun}} # <!--{{tcl|ko|กัมปูเจีย|id=Q424}}-->(historical) [[กัมปูเจีย]] (ชื่อเดิมของ[[กัมพูชา]]: ใช้ระหว่าง 1975 ถึง 1989) ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|ko|^캄보디아}} e3hi28226thl4g1iwaglw8829zoayrq 0 2326172 5714287 2026-03-30T10:35:26Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714287 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเกาหลี == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{bor|ko|ru|Камбо́джа}} === การออกเสียง === {{ko-IPA|cap=y}} {{ko-regional|^캄보디아|^캄보쟈}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ko-pos|proper noun}} # {{lb|ko|North Korea}} {{tcl|ko|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} lw45qedmbampq84wgl3q46nstzu2ywx 0 2326173 5714290 2026-03-30T10:38:39Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714290 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเขมร == === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{bor|km|pi|kamboja}}, {{bor|km|sa|काम्बोज}} === การออกเสียง === {{km-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{km-proper noun}} # {{alternative form of|km|កម្ពុជា}} hr8jbfgbjnap3b4ygetjool928839j6 0 2326174 5714291 2026-03-30T10:39:07Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714291 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเขมร == === รากศัพท์ === {{com|km|កម្ពុជ|រដ្ឋ}} === การออกเสียง === {{km-IPA|កម្ពុជ រ័ត|កម្ពុជ រ័ត-ឋៈ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{km-proper noun}} # {{lb|km|formal}} {{tcl|km|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} etqwfrl6as9n20bzhls46iu0a5dq5sq 0 2326175 5714292 2026-03-30T10:39:18Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714292 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเขมร == === รากศัพท์ === {{com|km|ខេមរ|រដ្ឋ}} === การออกเสียง === {{km-IPA|ខេម៉ៈរ៉ៈរ័ត}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{km-proper noun}} # {{lb|km|formal}} {{tcl|km|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} qf0l0zdmy9rjvsa2kjlwi2blt17f6u8 0 2326176 5714293 2026-03-30T10:39:42Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714293 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเขมร == {{wp|km:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{com|km|ស្រុក|ខ្មែរ}} === การออกเสียง === {{km-IPA|ស្រុក ខ្មែរ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{km-proper noun|head=[[ស្រុក]][[ខ្មែរ]]}} # {{tcl|km|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}}; [[ดินแดน]][[เขมร]] ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|km|កម្ពុជា}} * {{l|km|ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា}} evlq8ytn9phm0z63ykb6ku7o2n1oiwj 0 2326177 5714302 2026-03-30T10:50:37Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714302 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาจีน == {{zh-forms|gloss=-}} === รากศัพท์ === แรกสุดจาก{{der|zh|km|ខ្មែរ}}, เป็นไปได้ว่าผ่าน{{der|zh|th|เขมร}} === การออกเสียง === {{zh-pron |m=Gāomián |c=gou1 min4 |mn=tw:Ko-biân |mn-t=gao1 miang5 |cat=pn }} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|zh|คำวิสามานยนาม}} # {{lb|zh|dated|or|regional}} {{tcl|zh|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}}; [[กัมปูเจีย]]; [[เขมร]] #: {{zh-x|^紅色 ^高棉|เขมรแดง}} #: {{zh-x|高棉語|ภาษาเขมร}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{zh-l|柬埔寨}} ==== ลูกคำ ==== {{col3|zh|高棉語|高棉人|高棉族|紅色高棉}} ==== คำสืบทอด ==== {{CJKV||||Cao Miên}} {{c|zh|Nicknames for countries}} dggqilgf7hc6zhtm039jf385xsnucpc 0 2326178 5714307 2026-03-30T10:52:47Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714307 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == === การออกเสียง === {{ja-pron|カンボディア}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{rare form of|ja|tr=Kanbojia|カンボジア}} 1c4klyjg97g1ejzc9xgfwf85g7ksw4c 10 2326179 5714308 2026-03-30T10:53:10Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|check deprecated lang param usage|no deprecated lang param usage}}|lang={{{lang|}}}|<!-- -->{{#invoke:form of/templates|form_of_t|รูปพบได้ยากของ|cat=รูปพบได้ยาก|withencap=1}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}[[Category:Form-of templates]]</noinclude> 2o3jf7tyfhe2fsvbyjflv3p360kaid4 0 2326180 5714309 2026-03-30T10:54:08Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714309 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาญี่ปุ่น == {{ja-kanjitab|おう|こく|yomi=o}} === รากศัพท์ === จาก{{compound|ja|カンボジア|王国|tr1=Kanbojia|tr2=ōkoku|t1=[[กัมพูชา]]|t2=[[ราชอาณาจักร]]}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ja-pos|proper|カンボジア おうこく|hhira=カンボヂア わうこく}} # {{tcl|ja|ราชอาณาจักรกัมพูชา|id=Q424}} {{cln|ja|exonyms}} bhkbout57ntnv6rmdphhdt379z111fe 10 2326181 5714312 2026-03-30T10:56:11Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tr-poss | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'m}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}larım}}<br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'larım}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'n}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}ların}}<br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'ların}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'sı}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}ları}}<br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'ları}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'mız}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}larımız}}<br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'larımız}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'nız}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}larınız}}<br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'larınız}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'sı}}<br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}ları}} <br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'ları}} | {{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}ları}}<br>{{l-self|tr|{{pagename}}'ları}} }}<noinclude> {{tcat|ndecl:*noun2}}</noinclude> 3af01t43gmiqzlfw2z5az0lloo4yscw 10 2326182 5714316 2026-03-30T10:58:50Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{head|ba|คำวิสามานยนาม}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> in40horkb8l2gjsx3x8phdlu32p31zh 10 2326183 5714317 2026-03-30T10:59:11Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt 5714317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:kk-headword|show|คำวิสามานยนาม}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|hw}}</noinclude> 5qf4kt45c504rplqombhy70c8cirwix 0 2326184 5714325 2026-03-30T11:04:19Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714325 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาสวีเดน == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{head|sv|รูปวิสามานยนาม}} # {{inflection of|sv|Kambodja||gen}} fjqp4ph2h104ajui51vktequblgtosc 0 2326185 5714328 2026-03-30T11:05:35Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714328 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาลาว == === การออกเสียง === {{lo-pron|ກຳ-ພູ-ຊາ}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{lo-proper noun}} # {{tcl|lo|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{l|lo|ກຳປູເຈຍ}}, {{l|lo|ກຳປູເຈັຽ}} 1fsviea2s2wj1t3tsppwmbzmy2kezmz 0 2326186 5714337 2026-03-30T11:13:21Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714337 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเวียดนาม == === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-propn}} # {{alternative spelling of|vi|Cam-pu-chia}}: {{tcl|vi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} 7wl98w1swa08vs717q688qc84b9p8e6 0 2326187 5714338 2026-03-30T11:13:43Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714338 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาเวียดนาม == === การออกเสียง === {{vi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{vi-propn|head=[[căm|Căm]] [[bốt|Bốt]]}} # {{tcl|vi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== คำพ้องความ ==== * {{vi-l|Cao Miên}} * {{vi-l|Chân Lạp}} * {{vi-l|Campuchia}}, {{vi-l|Cam-pu-chia}} gkme5abyyhfm20ze57svxlfr8o17973 0 2326188 5714344 2026-03-30T11:15:49Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714344 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == {{wp|ar:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|ar|كَمْبُودِيَا|tr=kambōdiyā}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ar|en|Cambodia}} === การออกเสียง === {{ar-pr|kambōdiyā}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|كَامْبُودِيَا<tr:kambōdiyā>|f}} # {{tcl|ar|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ar-decl-noun|كَامْبُودِيَا|tr=kambōdiyā|state=ind-def}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ar|كَامْبُودِيّ|tr=kambōdiyy}} hhsl89528d3a6r7om3hhkfigg5owrfg 5714345 5714344 2026-03-30T11:16:06Z Octahedron80 267 /* ภาษาอาหรับ */ 5714345 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == {{wp|ar:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|ar|كَمْبُودِيَا|tr=kambōdiyā}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ar|en|Cambodia}} === การออกเสียง === {{ar-pr|kambōdiyā}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|كَامْبُودِيَا|f}} # {{tcl|ar|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ar-decl-noun|كَامْبُودِيَا|state=ind-def}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ar|كَامْبُودِيّ}} 1prhgocd8g9m12sx06kcwbzu22nwkc5 5714346 5714345 2026-03-30T11:16:16Z Octahedron80 267 /* รูปแบบอื่น */ 5714346 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาอาหรับ == {{wp|ar:}} === รูปแบบอื่น === * {{l|ar|كَمْبُودِيَا}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|ar|en|Cambodia}} === การออกเสียง === {{ar-pr|kambōdiyā}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{ar-proper noun|كَامْبُودِيَا|f}} # {{tcl|ar|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{ar-decl-noun|كَامْبُودِيَا|state=ind-def}} ==== คำเกี่ยวข้อง ==== * {{l|ar|كَامْبُودِيّ}} k9rriy0mtxd12h3lkh81xpiylpva7x2 0 2326189 5714350 2026-03-30T11:21:27Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714350 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮินดี == {{wp|hi:}} === รากศัพท์ === {{bor+|hi|en|Cambodia}}, จาก{{der|hi|km|កម្ពុជា}}, แรกสุดจาก{{der|hi|sa|कम्बोज}}; {{doublet|hi|कंबोज}} === การออกเสียง === * {{hi-IPA}} === คำวิสามานยนาม === {{hi-proper noun|m|ur=کمبوڈیا}} # {{alt sp|hi|कंबोडिया}}: {{tcl|hi|กัมพูชา|id=Q424}} ==== การผันรูป ==== {{hi-ndecl|<M.unmarked.sg>}} 0bhbjckqrifukffr59rvp74ylaxdmew 0 2326190 5714354 2026-03-30T11:25:32Z Octahedron80 267 นำเข้าจาก enwikt เก็บกวาด 5714354 wikitext text/x-wiki == ภาษาฮีบรู == === การออกเสียง === * {{IPA|he|/mam.laː.ˈkaː/|a=Biblical Hebrew}} * {{IPA|he|/mam.lɔ.ˈχɔ/|a=Tiberian}} * {{IPA|he|/mam.la.ˈχa/|a=IL}} === รากศัพท์ === {{he-rootbox|מ־ל־ך}} {{he-root|מ|ל|ך}}; เทียบ{{cog|ar|مَمْلَكَة}} === การออกเสียง === * {{audio|he|LL-Q9288 (heb)-YaronSh-ממלכה.wav}} === คำนาม === {{he-noun|g=f|tr=mamlakhá|wv=מַמְלָכָה|cons=מַמְלֶכֶת|pl=מַמְלָכוֹת|plcons=מַמְלְכוֹת}} # [[ราชอาณาจักร]] #* {{RQ:Tanach|8a|28|17|tsrc=JPS |passage=וַיַּעַשׂ יְהוָה לוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר בְּיָדִי וַיִּקְרַע יְהוָה אֶת־'''הַמַּמְלָכָה''' מִיָּדֶךָ וַיִּתְּנָהּ לְרֵעֲךָ לְדָוִד׃ |translation=And the {{smallcaps|Lord}} hath wrought for Himself; as He spoke by me; and the {{smallcaps|Lord}} hath rent '''the kingdom''' out of thy hand, and given it to thy neighbour, even to David. |transliteration=vayá'as YHVH ló ka'ashér dibér b'yadí vayikrá' YHVH 'et-'''hamamlakhá''' miyadékha vayit'náh l're'akhá l'davíd.}} ==== ดูเพิ่ม ==== * {{l|he|מַלְכוּת|tr=malkhút}} ==== อ้างอิง ==== * {{R:Strong's|H|4467}} {{c|he|Monarchy}} p92oswx9gm14r3a0hg7v1jhhpe0zkwp